Murder - Knowledge

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There were 52,260 murders in Brazil, consecutively elevating the record set in 2009. Over half a million people were shot to death in Brazil between 1979 and 2003. 33,335 murder cases were registered across India, approximately 17,000 murders in Colombia (the murder rate was 38 per 100,000 people, in 2008 murders went down to 15,000), approximately 16,000 murders in South Africa, approximately 15,000 murders in the United States, approximately 26,000 murders in Mexico, about 8,000 murders committed in Russia, approximately 13,000 murders in Venezuela, approximately 4,000 murders in El Salvador, approximately 1,400 murders in Jamaica, approximately 550 murders in Canada and approximately 470 murders in Trinidad and Tobago. Pakistan reported 12,580 murders.

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rape or sex offense, robbery, kidnapping, burglary, or other felony committed or attempted with the use of a deadly weapon, shall be ... murder in the first degree ... and shall be punished by death or life imprisonment ... except that any person ... under 17 years of age at the time of the murder shall be punished with imprisonment ... for life. All other kinds of murder, including that which shall be proximately caused by the unlawful distribution of opium or any synthetic or natural salt, compound, derivative, or the preparation of opium ... cause the death of the user, shall be ... murder in the second degree and ... shall be punished as a Class C felony

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period from 1972 to 1994, before falling to 5 in present times. The increase since 1957 would have been even greater if not for the significant improvements in medical techniques and emergency response times, which mean that more and more attempted homicide victims survive. According to one estimate, if the lethality levels of criminal assaults of 1964 still applied in 1993, the country would have seen the murder rate of around 26 per 100,000, almost triple the actually observed rate of 9.5 per 100,000.

2955: 2481:§ 40.15 Mental disease or defect. In any prosecution for an offense, it is an affirmative defence that when the defendant engaged in the proscribed conduct, he lacked criminal responsibility by reason of mental disease or defect. Such lack of criminal responsibility means that at the time of such conduct, as a result of mental disease or defect, he lacked substantial capacity to know or appreciate either: 1. The nature and consequences of such conduct; or 2. That such conduct was wrong. 9256: 9995: 9265: 9132: 3445:'s Supplementary Homicide Report indicated that nearly half of the 14,990 murder victims that year were black (7421). In the year 2007, there were 3,221 black victims and 3,587 white victims of non-negligent homicides. While 2,905 of the black victims were killed by a black offender, 2,918 of the white victims were killed by white offenders. There were 566 white victims of black offenders and 245 black victims of white offenders. The "white" category in the 9142: 3406: 113: 3293: 2165:) is maintained; when differentiating between murder and manslaughter, the only relevant factor is the existence or not of premeditation (rather than the existence or not of mitigating or aggravated factors). Manslaughter (non-premeditated intentional killing) with aggravating factors is punished more severely, but it is not classified as murder, because murder is an offense which always requires premeditation. 3336:. Since most murders are committed by young males, the near simultaneous low in the murder rates of major developed countries circa 1960 can be attributed to low birth rates during the Great Depression and World War II. Causes of further moves are more controversial. Some of the more exotic factors claimed to affect murder rates include the availability of abortion and the likelihood of chronic exposure to 2544:, infanticide was made a separate crime from murder in 1949, applicable for the mother of a baby under one year old where "the balance of her mind was disturbed by reason of her not having fully recovered from the effect of giving birth to the child or by reason of the effect of lactation consequent upon the birth of the child". Since independence, death sentences for murder in such cases had always been 3422: 3367: 2231:: acting in self-defense or in defense of another person is generally accepted as legal justification for killing a person in situations that would otherwise have been murder. However, a self-defense killing might be considered manslaughter if the killer established control of the situation before the killing took place, such as 2035:(literally 'assassination'): takes place when any of these requirements concur: Treachery (the use of means to avoid risk for the aggressor or to ensure that the crime goes unpunished), price or reward (financial gain) or viciousness (deliberately increasing the pain of the victim). After the last reform of the 4478:

Murder in the First and Second Degree (14–17) A murder which shall be perpetrated by ... poison, lying in wait, imprisonment, starving, torture, or by any other kind of willful, deliberate and premeditated killing or which shall be committed in the perpetration or attempted perpetration of any arson,

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reported in October 2002 that a person is murdered every 60 seconds. An estimated 520,000 people were murdered in 2000 around the globe. Another study estimated the worldwide murder rate at 456,300 in 2010 with a 35% increase since 1990. Two-fifths of them were young people between the ages of 10 and

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A person who, at the time he acted, was suffering from a psychological or neuropsychological disorder which reduced his discernment or impeded his ability to control his actions, remains punishable; however, the court shall take this into account when it decides the penalty and determines its regime.

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In the United States, 666,160 people were killed between 1960 and 1996. Approximately 90% of murders in the US are committed by males. Between 1976 and 2005, 23.5% of all murder victims and 64.8% of victims murdered by intimate partners were female. For women in the US, homicide is the leading cause

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homicide (art. 222-7 French penal code, art. 584 Italian penal code, art. 227 German penal code etc.). Felony murder contrasts with the principle of guilt, for which in England it was, at least formally, abolished in 1957, in Canada it was quashed by the Supreme Court, while in the USA it continues

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killing, but manslaughter also includes criminally negligent (i.e. grossly negligent) homicide. Unintentional killing that results from an involuntary action generally cannot constitute murder. After examining the evidence, a judge or jury (depending on the jurisdiction) would determine whether the

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and the solemn words of the judge pronouncing sentence of death in those cases ... where it is clear to the Court and to everybody, except perhaps the unfortunate accused, that the sentence will never be carried out." In Russia, murder of a newborn child by the mother has been a separate crime since

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As with most legal terms, the precise definition of murder varies between jurisdictions and is usually codified in some form of legislation. Even when the legal distinction between murder and manslaughter is clear, it is not unknown for a jury to find a murder defendant guilty of the lesser offense.

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The following absolute murder counts per-country are not comparable because they are not adjusted by each country's total population. Nonetheless, they are included here for reference, with 2010 used as the base year (they may or may not include justifiable homicide, depending on the jurisdiction).

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The potential effect of fully abolishing the rule can be seen in the case of 74-year-old William Barnes, charged with the murder of a Philadelphia police officer Walter T. Barclay Jr., who he had shot nearly 41 years previously. Barnes had served 16 years in prison for attempting to murder Barkley,

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in some common law jurisdictions broadens the crime of murder: when an offender kills in the commission of a dangerous crime, (regardless of intent), he or she is guilty of murder. The felony murder rule is often justified by its supporters as a means of preventing dangerous felonies, but the case

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In the United States, in most states and in federal jurisdiction, a killing by a police officer is excluded from prosecution if the officer reasonably believes they are being threatened with deadly force by the victim. This may include such actions by the victim as reaching into a glove compartment

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Under state of mind (iii), an "abandoned and malignant heart", the killing must result from the defendant's conduct involving a reckless indifference to human life and a conscious disregard of an unreasonable risk of death or serious bodily injury. In Australian jurisdictions, the unreasonable risk

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in 1994 as not requiring any proof of the viability of the fetus as a prerequisite to a murder conviction. This holding has two implications. Firstly, a defendant in California can be convicted of murder for killing a fetus which the mother herself could have terminated without committing a crime.

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The most common division is between first- and second-degree murder. Generally, second-degree murder is common law murder, and first-degree is an aggravated form. The aggravating factors of first-degree murder depend on the jurisdiction, but may include a specific intent to kill, premeditation, or

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In the United States, murder rates have been higher and have fluctuated. They fell below 2 per 100,000 by 1900, rose during the first half of the century, dropped in the years following World War II, and bottomed out at 4.0 in 1957 before rising again. The rate stayed in 9 to 10 range most of the

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of wrongfully and intentionally causing the death of another human being (also known as murder) after rationally considering the timing or method of doing so, in order to either increase the likelihood of success, or to evade detection or apprehension. State laws in the United States vary as to

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carried its everyday meaning – a deliberate and premeditated (prior intent) killing of another motivated by ill will. Murder necessarily required that an appreciable time pass between the formation and execution of the intent to kill. The courts broadened the scope of murder by eliminating the

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A similar, but less pronounced pattern has been seen in major European countries as well. The murder rate in the United Kingdom fell to 1 per 100,000 by the beginning of the 20th century and as low as 0.62 per 100,000 in 1960, and was at 1.28 per 100,000 as of 2009. The murder rate in France

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or instrument against the victim, such use authorises a permissive inference of intent to kill. Examples of deadly weapons and instruments include but are not limited to guns, knives, deadly toxins or chemicals or gases and even vehicles when intentionally used to harm one or more victims.

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was effectively imposed in the late 1960s. This fact has been used to argue that capital punishment serves as a deterrent and, as such, it is morally justified. Capital punishment opponents frequently counter that the United States has much higher murder rates than Canada and most

2540:. According to Susan Friedman, "Two dozen nations have infanticide laws that decrease the penalty for mothers who kill their children of up to one year of age. The United States does not have such a law, but mentally ill mothers may plead not guilty by reason of insanity." In the 2122:

definitions of "premeditation". In some states, premeditation may be construed as taking place mere seconds before the murder. Premeditated murder is one of the most serious forms of homicide, and is punished more severely than manslaughter or other types of homicide, often with a

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For a killing to be considered murder in nine out of fifty states in the US, there normally needs to be an element of intent. A defendant may argue that they took precautions not to kill, that the death could not have been anticipated, or was unavoidable. As a general rule,

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In the United States, many jurisdictions have abolished the rule as well. Abolition of the rule has been accomplished by enactment of statutory criminal codes, which had the effect of displacing the common-law definitions of crimes and corresponding defenses. In 2001 the

7127: 6492:"A report of the trial of Arthur Hodge, Esquire, (late one of the members of His Majesty's Council for the Virgin-Islands) at the island of Tortola, on the 25th April, 1811, and adjourned to the 29th of the same month, for the murder of his Negro man slave named Prosper" 1966:, murder requires the mental element known as malice aforethought. Mitigating factors that weigh against a finding of intent to kill, such as "loss of control" or "diminished responsibility", may result in the reduction of a murder charge to voluntary manslaughter. 3331:

The specific factors driving these dynamics in murder rates are complex and not universally agreed upon. Much of the raise in the U.S. murder rate during the first half of the 20th century is generally thought to be attributed to gang violence associated with

2393:. This means that a person may be found guilty of "manslaughter" on the basis of "diminished responsibility" rather than being found guilty of murder, if it can be proved that the killer was suffering from a condition that affected their judgment at the time. 2719:, but is not classified into degrees. Penalties for murder committed under aggravating circumstances are often higher under English law than the 15-year minimum non-parole period that otherwise serves as a starting point for a murder committed by an adult. 3086:"That is why We ordained for the Children of Israel that whoever takes a life—unless as a punishment for murder or mischief in the land—it will be as if they killed all of humanity; and whoever saves a life, it will be as if they saved all of humanity." 2446:

are not legally considered insanity. In some jurisdictions, following the pre-trial hearing to determine the extent of the disorder, the defense of "not guilty by reason of insanity" may be used to get a not guilty verdict. This defense has two elements:

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With advances in modern medicine, most countries have abandoned a fixed time period and test causation on the facts of the case. This is known as "delayed death" and cases where this was applied or was attempted to be applied go back to at least 1966.

3467:. Using properly filtered data, it is possible to make the case for or against either of these issues. For example, one could look at murder rates in the United States from 1950 to 2000, and notice that those rates went up sharply shortly after a 2990:

1956: 195) This statement is true for most African tribes, for pre-modern Europeans, for Indigenous Australians, and for Native Americans, according to ethnographic reports from all over the world. ... Homicides rise to incredible numbers among

2187:, that is, an act which is evil within itself. An act such as murder is wrong or evil by its very nature, and it is the very nature of the act which does not require any specific detailing or definition in the law to consider murder a crime. 2999:. When a boy is born, the father has to kill a man. He needs a name for his child and can receive it only by a man, he himself has murdered. When a man wants to marry, he must kill a man. When a man dies, his family again has to kill a man. 2330:), committed frequently by a husband, father or male relative of the victim, is not considered murder; it may not be considered a criminal act or it may be considered a criminal offense other than murder. International law, including the 2216:

The killing of enemy combatants who have not surrendered, when committed by lawful combatants in accordance with lawful orders in war, is generally not considered murder. Illicit killings within a war may constitute murder or homicidal

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case law or previous decisions of the courts of law. However, although the common law is by nature flexible and adaptable, in the interests both of certainty and of securing convictions, most common law jurisdictions have

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requirement of actual premeditation and deliberation as well as true malice. All that was required for malice aforethought to exist is that the perpetrator act with one of the four states of mind that constitutes "malice".

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The felony-murder reflects the versari in re illicita: the offender is objectively responsible for the event of the unintentional crime; in fact the figure of the civil law systems corresponding to felony murder is the

3089:"˹They are˺ those who do not invoke any other god besides Allah, nor take a ˹human˺ life—made sacred by Allah—except with ˹legal˺ right, nor commit fornication. And whoever does ˹any of˺ this will face the penalty." 4998: 2599:. Afterward, California amended its penal code to provide "As a matter of public policy there shall be no defense of diminished capacity, diminished responsibility, or irresistible impulse in a criminal action...." 3912:("The killing of another person without justification or excuse, especially the crime of killing a person with malice aforethought or with recklessness manifesting extreme indifference to the value of human life.") 4981: 3803:

recognizes a fetus as a legal victim if injured or killed during the commission of certain federal crimes. This law applies to federal jurisdictions and certain crimes but excludes legal abortions and medical

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Those who successfully argue a defense based on a mental disorder are usually referred to mandatory clinical treatment until they are certified safe to be released back into the community, rather than prison.

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is a partial defense to a charge of murder which acts by converting what would otherwise have been murder into manslaughter (this is voluntary manslaughter, which is more severe than involuntary manslaughter).

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classifies murder as either first- or second-degree. The former type of murder is often called premeditated murder, although premeditation is not the only way murder can be classified as first-degree. In the

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but when the policeman died on August 19, 2007, this was alleged to be from complications of the wounds suffered from the shooting – and Barnes was charged with his murder. He was acquitted on May 24, 2010.

7102: 1931:– the total and irreversible cessation of blood circulation and respiration. With advances in medical technology courts have adopted irreversible cessation of all brain function as marking the end of life. 1847:

of murder in a court of law. After arrest, for example, journalists may instead write that the person was "arrested on suspicion of murder", or, after a prosecutor files charges, as an "accused murderer".

3382:, around 4.5 in 2014, with rates in larger cities sometimes over 40 per 100,000. The top ten highest murder rates are in Honduras (91.6 per 100,000), El Salvador, Ivory Coast, Venezuela, Belize, Jamaica, 2019:

Under state of mind (iv), the felony-murder doctrine, the felony committed must be an inherently dangerous felony, such as burglary, arson, rape, robbery or kidnapping. Importantly, the underlying felony

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A person is not criminally liable who, when the act was committed, was suffering from a psychological or neuropsychological disorder which destroyed his discernment or his ability to control his actions.

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in his dissent, because women carrying nonviable fetuses may not be visibly pregnant, it may be possible for a defendant to be convicted of intentionally murdering a person they did not know existed.

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of a human : This element presents the issue of when life begins. At common law, a fetus was not a human being. Life began when the fetus passed through the vagina and took its first breath.

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in the past few decades, the fraction of murders solved has decreased in the United States, from 90% in 1960 to 61% in 2007. Solved murder rates in major U.S. cities varied in 2007 from 36% in

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from Sudan: "Homicide is not forbidden, and Nuer do not think it wrong to kill a man in fair fight. On the contrary, a man who slays another in combat is admired for his courage and skill." (

4142: 3378:, Iceland, Switzerland, Italy, Spain and Germany are among the lowest in the world, around 0.3–1 cases per 100,000 people per year; the rate of the United States is among the highest of 7186: 7220: 5116: 7484: 6783: 5259:"2011 California Code :: Penal Code :: PART 1. OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS [25 - 680] :: TITLE 1. OF PERSONS LIABLE TO PUNISHMENT FOR CRIME :: Section 28" 2297:

Killing to prevent the theft of one's property may be legal under certain circumstances, depending on the jurisdiction. In 2013, a jury in south Texas acquitted a man who killed a

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All jurisdictions require that the victim be a natural person; that is, a human being who was still alive before being murdered. In other words, under the law one cannot murder a

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when a person, of sound memory and discretion, unlawfully kills any reasonable creature in being and under the king's peace, with malice aforethought, either express or implied.

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Accidental killings are considered homicides. Depending on the circumstances, these may or may not be considered criminal offenses; they are often considered manslaughter.

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Friedman, SH. "Commentary: Postpartum Psychosis, Infanticide, and Insanity Implications for Forensic Psychiatry", J Am Acad Psychiatry Law 40:3:326-332 (September 2012).

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was a social code that required Corsicans to kill anyone who wronged their family honor. Between 1821 and 1852, no fewer than 4,300 murders were perpetrated in Corsica.

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Most societies consider murder to be an extremely serious crime, and thus believe that a person convicted of murder should receive harsh punishments for the purposes of

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are associated with an increased homicide rate, most notably narcissistic, anti-social, and histrionic personality disorders and those associated with psychopathology.

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That the defendant's mental condition, at the time of the killing, rendered the perpetrator unable to determine right from wrong, or that what they were doing was wrong

4674: 5404: 3726: 5898: 2106:, but they differ significantly in which kinds of murders they classify as second-degree versus third-degree. For example, Minnesota defines third-degree murder as 7098: 6842: 4461: 2051:, or in the case of a bullied victim who kills their tormentor), and the jury may wish to protect the defendant from a sentence of life imprisonment or execution. 6734: 3304:

per 100,000 in Europe have fallen over the centuries, from 35 per 100,000 in medieval times, to 20 in 1500 AD, 5 in 1700, to below two per 100,000 in 1900.

6652: 4781: 5375:"Постановление Пленума Верховного Суда РФ от 27.01.1999 N 1 (ред. от 03.03.2015) "О судебной практике по делам об убийстве (ст. 105 УК РФ)" \ КонсультантПлюс" 7049: 7011: 6872: 5874: 4531: 4502: 7248: 5043: 7506: 6517: 3931: 7566: 4908: 2773:

after the attack. This reflects the likelihood that if the victim dies, other factors will have contributed to the cause of death, breaking the chain of

2342:) prohibits these types of killings (see Article 42 – Unacceptable justifications for crimes, including crimes committed in the name of so-called honor). 2148:) criminalizes premeditated murder, felony murder and second-degree murder committed under situations where federal jurisdiction applies. In Canada, the 6903: 3457:, which has resulted in reduced lethality of violent assaults – thus the murder rate may not necessarily indicate the overall level of social violence. 7155: 6706:

Harris, Anthony R.; Stephen H. Thomas; Gene A. Fisher; David J. Hirsch (May 2002). "Murder and medicine: the lethality of criminal assault 1960–1999".

6621: 3519:) tends to be relatively high for murder compared to other crimes, due to its seriousness. In the United States, the clearance rate was 62.6% in 2004. 2869:

Morall takes a biological view of offending when he insists the risk factors that may increase the chance that somebody will commit a murder include:

6591: 3359:, murder rates in most countries have declined significantly during the 20th century and are now between 1 and 4 cases per 100,000 people per year. 6929: 1948:

was considered murder. The requirement that the person killed be someone other than the perpetrator excluded suicide from the definition of murder.

5487: 3417:, Finland is the most famous unsolved homicide case in Finnish criminal history. The tent is investigated immediately after the murders in 1960. 5971: 5258: 4323: 4255: 3226: 2264:: some countries practice the death penalty. Capital punishment may be ordered by a legitimate court of law as the result of a conviction in a 7179: 5848: 5181: 5151: 6812: 5819: 4181: 2809: 7213: 4212: 8789: 6357: 5449: 4851: 7488: 5108: 5014:

by the demand of the public authority, but the prefect systematically use that procedure whenever a man is discharged due to his dementia.

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The longstanding official deference to the viewpoint of police officers is enshrined in the laws of some states and Supreme Court rulings.

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unlawful : This distinguishes murder from killings that are done within the boundaries of law, such as capital punishment, justified

6775: 4387: 7073: 3323:. The rate has declined greatly: from 45/100,000 to a low of 0.6 in the 1950s. The last decades have seen the homicide rate rise slowly. 3280:

29 who were killed by other young people. Because murder is the least likely crime to go unreported, statistics of murder are seen as a

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Development of murder rates over time in different countries is often used by both supporters and opponents of capital punishment and

3137:, the goddess of death and destruction. According to some estimates the Thuggees murdered 1 million people between 1740 and 1840. The 5782: 5751: 2789: 2777:; and also means that the responsible person does not have a charge of murder "hanging over their head indefinitely". Subject to any 7467: 6649: 2315:– killing of attacker by the potential victim or by witnesses to the scene; legal in parts of the US and in various other countries. 9178: 5374: 2251:

Suicide does not constitute murder in most societies. Assisting a suicide, however, may be considered murder in some circumstances.

7437: 7345: 10025: 8121: 7404: 5709: 4039: 3503:. Major factors affecting the arrest rate include witness cooperation and the number of people assigned to investigate the case. 3468: 2304:

Killing an intruder who is found by an owner to be in the owner's home (having entered unlawfully): legal in most US states (see

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Reckless indifference to an unjustifiably high risk to human life (sometimes described as an "abandoned and malignant heart"), or

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Some jurisdictions still take a common law view of murder. In such jurisdictions, what is considered to be murder is defined by

6681: 3866: 3800: 3480:, and on average, the influence of both these factors may not be significant and could be more social, economic, and cultural. 2716: 2286:

patient, if the intention is solely to alleviate pain, in many jurisdictions it is seen as a special case (see the doctrine of

1074: 5916: 8182: 8146: 7643: 7276: 6959: 6546: 6475: 6448: 6341: 6272: 6190: 6163: 5719: 5675: 4845: 4710: 4590: 4292: 4070: 3328:(excluding Corsica) bottomed out after World War II at less than 0.4 per 100,000, quadrupling to 1.6 per 100,000 since then. 2074:

Some jurisdictions divide murder by degrees. The distinction between first- and second-degree murder exists, for example, in

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Rattigan, Clíona (January 2008). "'Done to death by father or relatives': Irish families and infanticide cases, 1922–1950".

4666: 8116: 6987: 6311: 5924: 4952: 4696: 4462:"Ley Orgánica 1/2015, de 30 de marzo, por la que se modifica la Ley Orgánica 10/1995, de 23 de noviembre, del Código Penal" 4346: 2804:

held that retroactive application of a state supreme court decision abolishing the year-and-a-day rule did not violate the

7374: 5396: 4893: 8418: 5894: 3363:, the region with the highest murder rate in the world, experienced more than 2.5 million murders between 2000 and 2017. 2043:) into assassination is the desire to facilitate the commission of another crime or to prevent it from being discovered. 1885: 17: 6834: 5639: 8151: 7604: 6741: 5665: 3958: 3834: 2801: 2792:. However, if death occurs three years or more after the original attack then prosecution can take place only with the 2423: 2346:

or pocket for license and registration, if the officer reasonably believes that the victim might be reaching for a gun.

2140: 1583: 8126: 7583: 7519: 6762: 6383: 5955: 4773: 4239: 3898: 2643:

Multiple murders committed within one criminal transaction or in different transactions as part of one broader scheme

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must amount to a foreseen probability of death (or grievous bodily harm in most states), as opposed to possibility.

1739:"homicide, murder; murderer". There was a third word for "murder" in Proto-Germanic, continuing Proto-Indo-European 9855: 9777: 3612: 3352: 3333: 710: 474: 7042: 7018: 6864: 4100: 2682:, which occur when a perpetrator targets a victim because of their perceived membership in a certain social group. 42: 8654: 8106: 7796: 7768: 4523: 4490: 3442: 3360: 2856:

The murderer seeks to kill a loathed person (such as an abusive parent) or members of a loathed group or culture.

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This is "malice" in a technical legal sense, not the more usual English sense denoting an emotional state. See

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males aged 15 to 34. Between 1976 and 2008, African Americans were victims of 329,825 homicides. In 2006, the

87: 8202: 7880: 6895: 6613: 4761: 3450: 3158: 1608: 956: 9850: 7148: 469: 9171: 8680: 8224: 8131: 8098: 7541: 3182: 2212:

Although laws vary by country, there are circumstances of exclusion that are common in many legal systems.

1696: 1623:. This state of mind may, depending upon the jurisdiction, distinguish murder from other forms of unlawful 1263: 1031: 940: 9973: 9958: 3460:

Workplace homicide, which tripled during the 1980s, is the fastest growing category of murder in America.

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countries, although all those countries have abolished the death penalty. Overall, the global pattern is

2536:(also known as post-natal depression) is recognized in some countries as a mitigating factor in cases of 2373: 2060: 1315: 7621: 5313: 3661: 2781:, the accused could still be charged with an offense reflecting the seriousness of the initial assault. 9985: 9540: 9281: 5576: 5326: 3766: 1067: 630: 278: 5472: 1727:"secret or unlawful killing of a person, murder; mortal sin, crime; punishment, torment, misery"; and 10040: 8503: 8373: 5600: 3276: 2495: 2402: 2135: 2114:(except when the underlying felony is specifically listed in the definition of first-degree murder). 1823: 1672: 1384: 924: 72: 38: 6925: 5840: 5266: 1679:. In most countries, a person convicted of murder generally receives a long-term prison sentence, a 5811: 5189: 5159: 4430: 4414: 3538: 2909: 2515: 2359:, a corporation, a non-human animal, or any other non-human organism such as a plant or bacterium. 1974: 1650: 1616: 971: 194: 6804: 6155: 5382: 3824: 2157:, the traditional strict distinction between premeditated intentional killing (classed as murder, 9655: 9164: 8981: 8976: 8904: 8826: 8111: 6109:[Correlation between homicide rates and economic indicators in São Paulo, Brazil, 1996]. 5441: 5137: 4447: 4434: 4418: 4206: 4164: 3741: 3651: 3550: 2545: 2438:, and excuse the person from the need to undergo the stress of a trial as to liability. Usually, 2025: 789: 65: 6361: 4865: 4833: 2978:. In the past, certain types of homicide were lawful and justified. Georg Oesterdiekhoff wrote: 10030: 9963: 9767: 9757: 9380: 9255: 9016: 8909: 8649: 8555: 8520: 8141: 7952: 7868: 5427: 5352: 5280: 5011: 4123: 3656: 3627: 3512: 3198: 2903: 2778: 2611:

is often punished more harshly. Depending on the jurisdiction, such circumstances may include:

2339: 2232: 2149: 1928: 1638: 1576: 1320: 1285: 961: 700: 690: 376: 225: 174: 127: 7503: 6514: 6438: 6180: 6045: 4803:"Assembly, No. 159, State of New Jersey, 213th Legislature, The "New Jersey Self Defense Law"" 4384: 3337: 1809:(attested up to the 19th century) springs directly from the Old English forms. Middle English 9752: 9515: 8899: 8821: 8634: 8530: 8466: 8431: 8069: 7875: 7843: 7563: 6465: 6084: 6076: 5878: 5739: 5339: 3746: 3736: 3706: 3592: 3446: 2987: 2712: 2533: 2443: 2366: 2228: 2107: 2075: 2036: 1712:, in fact, had two nouns derived from this word, later merging into the modern English noun: 1233: 1149: 1060: 981: 685: 605: 7672: 6402: 5559: 3980: 3231: 2824:

According to Peter Morrall, the motivations for murder fit into the following 4 categories:

9845: 9762: 9747: 9641: 9011: 8864: 8753: 8715: 8705: 8471: 7838: 7702: 6491: 5998: 5297: 4802: 4732: 4635: 4552: 4426: 4410: 3756: 3751: 3716: 3711: 3686: 3666: 3632: 3496: 3194: 3077: 2927: 2708: 2692: 2372:, expressly mentioned a fetus as being capable of being killed, and was interpreted by the 1981: 1379: 1198: 775: 695: 680: 464: 7762: 2938: 2059:"Murder in the second degree" and "Premeditated murder" redirect here. For the album, see 8: 9935: 9311: 9199: 9071: 8936: 8236: 7977: 7957: 7937: 7900: 7789: 7757: 7332: 7124:"Information on the death of the population of causes of death in the Russian Federation" 6885:

Table 1, Crime in the United States by Volume and Rate per 100,000 Inhabitants, 1995–2014

5869: 3696: 3691: 3676: 3383: 3379: 3054: 3039: 2770: 2760: 2700: 2667:

Methods which are dangerous to the public e.g. explosion, arson, shooting in a crowd etc.

2580: 2462: 2405:

are examples of conditions that may be taken into account when assessing responsibility.

2394: 2369: 2331: 2242: 2066: 1953: 1664: 1646: 1642: 1620: 1347: 1134: 1112: 919: 307: 259: 189: 179: 7154:(in Spanish). Programa Venezolano de Educación-Acción en Derechos Humanos. p. 397. 6002: 3311: 3145:

would withdraw his support for them and destroy the world as they knew it. According to

3007:, although there might also be a form of payment that could be made instead—such as the 2389:

Some countries allow conditions that "affect the balance of the mind" to be regarded as

9860: 9840: 9805: 9795: 9413: 9394: 9326: 9235: 9117: 9021: 8961: 8921: 8869: 8801: 8773: 8685: 8639: 8231: 7863: 7833: 7429: 7349: 6569: 6233: 6208: 6061: 6021: 5986: 5965: 5881: 5227: 5090: 5038: 4317: 4249: 3947: 3761: 3721: 3701: 3671: 3622: 3607: 3571: 3410: 3193:

charged the defendant with murdering his own slave. In 1811, the wealthy white planter

2967: 2876:, the primary male sex hormone, is correlated with competitive and assertive behaviour. 2728: 2676:

Murder committed in order to obtain material gain, for example to obtain an inheritance

2567: 2418: 2261: 2196: 2131: 2028:

such as assault, otherwise all criminal homicides would be murder as all are felonies.

1876: 1684: 1668: 1364: 1330: 1325: 1290: 1238: 1228: 1154: 1023: 840: 830: 479: 459: 411: 392: 322: 219: 7396: 5513: 4031: 2102:

are also treated as first-degree murder. A few states in the U.S. further distinguish

10035: 9865: 9701: 9356: 9321: 8889: 8884: 8728: 8710: 8343: 8331: 7600: 7579: 7532: 7515: 7301: 6758: 6471: 6444: 6337: 6268: 6186: 6159: 6128: 6026: 5951: 5715: 5671: 5094: 5082: 4841: 4706: 4288: 4235: 3954: 3894: 3830: 3587: 2805: 2704: 2608: 2390: 2335: 2291: 2273: 2123: 1917: 1784: 1680: 1569: 1193: 1174: 1169: 1002: 976: 861: 484: 352: 317: 95: 6705: 6673: 6646:

A History of Murder: Personal Violence in Europe from the Middle Ages to the Present

6123: 6106: 5895:"Shooter acquitted of murder charge in 1966 shooting of Philadelphia police officer" 5783:"Will John Hinckley Jr. Face Murder Charges for the 'Delayed Death' of James Brady?" 4613: 3858: 2144: 9921: 9627: 9565: 9460: 9145: 9098: 8996: 8811: 8806: 8763: 8540: 8535: 8321: 8187: 8177: 8079: 8064: 8049: 8000: 7853: 7752: 6715: 6225: 6221: 6151: 6118: 6057: 6016: 6006: 5219: 5074: 3533: 3438: 3043: 3023: 3012: 2829: 2793: 2653: 2474: 2414: 2048: 1843:

are generally careful not to identify a suspect as a murderer until the suspect is

1676: 1600: 1547: 1532: 1359: 1144: 1139: 1124: 951: 909: 904: 761: 655: 550: 245: 7647: 7269: 7074:"Crime in the United States by Volume and Rate per 100,000 Inhabitants, 1991–2010" 6951: 6536: 6105:

Barata, Rita Barradas; Ribeiro, Manoel Carlos Sampaio de Almeida (February 2000).

4995:"Code de la Santé Publique Chapitre III: Hospitalisation d'office Article L3213-1" 4582: 4062: 4005: 10020: 10015: 9895: 9821: 9495: 9401: 9301: 9230: 9086: 9051: 9001: 8956: 8931: 8570: 8441: 8300: 8172: 8167: 8084: 8034: 8027: 8015: 7925: 7739: 7575: 7570: 7510: 7328: 6656: 6521: 6011: 5692: 5245: 5078: 4956: 4391: 4338: 4280: 3987: 3888: 3731: 3166: 3154: 3142: 2774: 2747: 2587:

used this defense to obtain a manslaughter conviction, instead of murder, in the

2305: 1934:

through criminal act or omission : Killing can be committed by an act or an

1791: 1295: 1186: 1181: 895: 585: 514: 440: 399: 297: 235: 165: 150: 6980: 6719: 6307: 4949: 3848:("The unlawful killing of another human being without justification or excuse.") 2933:

Several studies have shown that there is a correlation between murder rates and

2687: 2673:

Murder committed in order to conceal another crime or facilitate its commission.

9905: 9900: 9870: 9692: 9386: 9240: 9135: 8859: 8690: 8451: 8386: 8219: 8197: 8074: 8022: 7782: 7370: 6229: 6088: 6046:"Poverty, Inequality, and City Homicide Rates. Some Not So Unexpected Findings" 4866:"Introduction - Preliminary Examination of so-called honour killings in canada" 4840:. University of Minnesota: University of Minnesota Libraries Publishing. 2015. 4405: 3637: 3577: 3516: 3473: 3426: 3341: 3301: 3122: 3110: 3047: 2659: 2632: 2592: 2486: 2312: 2283: 2282:, doctor-assisted suicide: the administration of lethal drugs by a doctor to a 2265: 2083: 1935: 1770: 1709: 1612: 1280: 1275: 1253: 1007: 965: 524: 519: 489: 382: 8592: 7017:(in Spanish). Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal. p. 20. Archived from 6206:

Shah, Sayed Sikandar (January 1999). "Homicide in Islam: Major Legal Themes".

6107:"Relação entre homicídios e indicadores econômicos em São Paulo, Brasil, 1996" 3083:"Do not take a ˹human˺ life—made sacred by Allah—except with ˹legal˺ right." 1656:, where it is recognized, is a killing that lacks all but the most attenuated 10009: 9637: 9535: 9341: 9291: 8894: 8879: 8836: 8794: 8748: 8582: 8560: 8436: 8403: 8295: 8270: 5086: 3567: 3563: 3492: 3356: 3057: 3050: 3027: 2954: 2893: 2621: 2431: 2327: 2287: 2111: 2099: 2091: 2008: 1995: 1921: 1505: 1258: 1223: 1218: 1164: 1119: 771: 625: 337: 287: 79: 3022:

One of the oldest-known prohibitions against murder appears in the Sumerian

2318:

In some countries, the killing for what are considered reasons connected to

9945: 9880: 9485: 9376: 9361: 9110: 8991: 8874: 8758: 8675: 8599: 8587: 8446: 8353: 8290: 8285: 8280: 8275: 8208: 8059: 8039: 7982: 7967: 7858: 6132: 6030: 3826:

West's Encyclopedia of American Law Volume 7 (Legal Representation to Oyez)

3787: 3582: 3477: 2915: 2897: 2873: 2626: 2563: 2466: 2378: 2319: 1963: 1909: 1860: 1632: 1628: 1400: 1306: 1270: 1248: 1129: 1012: 575: 499: 372: 357: 269: 120: 9968: 2834:

The murderer seeks to kill rivals to obtain objects of their sexual desire

9649: 9645: 9555: 9306: 9220: 9066: 9061: 9031: 8986: 8966: 8951: 8946: 8926: 8843: 8768: 8738: 8695: 8525: 8408: 8044: 8010: 7942: 7920: 7915: 7905: 7753:

Introduction and Updated Information on the Seville Statement on Violence

6660: 4909:"Is a Police Shooting a Crime? It Depends on the Officer's Point of View" 3602: 3597: 3464: 3454: 3429:. More than 800,000 people were murdered in Brazil between 1980 and 2004. 3320: 3186: 3146: 3102: 3030:. The code states, "If a man commits a murder, that man must be killed." 2992: 2983: 2679: 2596: 2537: 2269: 2222: 2183: 2154: 2039:, in force since July 1, 2015, another circumstance that turns homicide ( 1880: 1840: 1721: 1552: 1490: 1433: 1428: 1213: 1203: 1027: 783: 779: 645: 302: 231: 155: 7302:"The Lake Bodom Murders: Finland's Most Famous Unsolved Triple Homicide" 3197:

was hanged for murdering several of his slaves on his plantation in the

2548:; the new act was intended "to eliminate all the terrible ritual of the 9999: 9940: 9726: 9607: 9602: 9480: 9366: 9346: 9336: 9316: 9270: 9245: 9215: 9036: 9006: 8971: 8941: 8914: 8816: 8644: 8604: 8456: 8413: 8391: 8358: 8054: 7972: 7930: 7910: 7820: 6735:"American Homicide Supplemental Volume (AHSV), European Homicides (EH)" 6237: 5987:"Is poverty the mother of crime? Evidence from homicide rates in China" 5231: 4092: 3617: 3543: 3500: 3281: 3004: 2996: 2887: 2844: 2838: 2769:

accused of murder is not guilty if the victim survives for longer than

2739: 2638: 2362: 2298: 2279: 2238:

Unlawful killings without malice or intent are considered manslaughter.

2174: 1890: 1836: 1777: 1510: 1450: 1445: 1410: 1405: 1369: 1048: 934: 886: 741: 736: 570: 362: 342: 332: 312: 264: 184: 137: 3003:

In many such societies the redress was not via a legal system, but by

9910: 9890: 9875: 9810: 9716: 9711: 9680: 9670: 9632: 9570: 9550: 9490: 9465: 9081: 9076: 9041: 8831: 8723: 8508: 8461: 8398: 8363: 8338: 8214: 7895: 7890: 7322:

BRAZIL: Youth Still in Trouble, Despite Plethora of Social Programmes

3484: 3375: 3316: 3073: 2919: 2880: 2788:

In England and Wales, the "year-and-a-day rule" was abolished by the

2766: 2584: 2549: 2452: 2427: 2235:. In the case of self-defense, it is called a "justifiable homicide". 2218: 2191: 2117:

Some jurisdictions also distinguish premeditated murder. This is the

2095: 1913: 1844: 1557: 1520: 1467: 1462: 1457: 1440: 1415: 1374: 1243: 1159: 876: 871: 845: 814: 804: 766: 660: 640: 580: 555: 529: 509: 494: 9994: 9264: 8659: 7450:

Chapter 6, Responding to Workplace Violence and Staff Victimization.

7245:"Police-reported crime for selected offences, Canada, 2009 and 2010" 5223: 4733:"Man Kills Suspected Intruders While Protecting Neighbor's Property" 3405: 3355:

vary greatly among countries and societies around the world. In the

2646:

Murder of a police officer, judge, firefighter or witness to a crime

9830: 9800: 9721: 9665: 9617: 9592: 9574: 9510: 9475: 9446: 9428: 9423: 9406: 9371: 9351: 9056: 9026: 8577: 8565: 8498: 8326: 7995: 7962: 7848: 7828: 6541: 6146:

Schimmel, Solomon (2008). "Envy in Jewish Thought and Literature".

3008: 2975: 2860: 2734: 2579:

In jurisdictions using the Uniform Penal Code, such as California,

2435: 1864: 1852: 1657: 1624: 1537: 1527: 1515: 1500: 1474: 1423: 1208: 1095: 997: 929: 881: 835: 799: 751: 726: 664: 600: 565: 449: 426: 421: 404: 367: 347: 144: 4880:""Honour" Killings in Yemen: Tribal Tradition and the Law - Daraj" 2699:

In the United States and Canada, these murders are referred to as

9930: 9772: 9738: 9706: 9675: 9622: 9597: 9545: 9525: 9520: 9500: 9470: 9433: 9418: 9331: 9296: 9156: 9093: 8733: 8700: 8545: 8493: 8254: 8192: 8005: 7885: 5752:"Criminal lawyers back review of time limit for homicide charges" 4987: 3292: 3210: 3162: 3130: 3126: 3118: 3114: 3109:

Shi'ite sect, active from the 8th to 14th centuries. This mystic

3106: 3016: 2934: 2356: 2199:

their criminal law and now have statutory definitions of murder.

1969:

The four states of mind recognised as constituting "malice" are:

1945: 1542: 1495: 914: 866: 809: 756: 731: 705: 635: 615: 610: 590: 560: 431: 416: 327: 292: 254: 112: 4879: 3366: 3060:, which are part of the scripture for both Jews and Christians. 9835: 9660: 9530: 9225: 9046: 8513: 8381: 8305: 7947: 6217: 3924:"China and US among top punishers but death penalty in decline" 3488: 3340:

during childhood (due to the use of leaded paint in houses and

2959: 2851: 2127: 1991: 1856: 794: 620: 454: 215: 4655:

A Dictionary of Modern Legal Usage By Bryan A. Garner, p. 545.

3386:, Guatemala, Saint Kitts and Nevis and Zambia. (UNODC, 2011 – 2664:

Murder committed by an offender previously convicted of murder

9560: 9505: 9455: 9188: 8629: 8609: 8550: 8348: 7805: 7101:(in Spanish). Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía. 3421: 3414: 3170: 3141:

believed that without regular offerings of blood the sun god

3138: 3069: 2962:

strangling a traveller on a highway in the early 19th century

2941:

in Brazil with lower income also had higher rates of murder.

2847:" a loved one with a major deformity or an incurable illness. 2323: 2118: 1744: 1604: 650: 595: 545: 7430:"Promising Victim-Related Practices in Probation and Parole" 4217:

Book the Fourth – Chapter the Fourteenth : Of Homicide.

2912:

circulating in the body are linked to heightened aggression.

9885: 9612: 7185:(in Spanish). La Prensa Grafica de El Salvador. p. 1. 6757:"Freakonomics", Steven D. Levitt, Stephen J. Dubner, 2005, 4612:

Koninkrijksrelaties, Ministerie van Binnenlandse Zaken en.

3214: 3134: 2971: 1716:"death, killing, murder" (directly from Proto-Indo-European 1017: 746: 504: 7530: 3453:. Murder demographics are affected by the improvement of 2161:) and non-premeditated intentional killing (manslaughter, 7043:"Murder in RSA for April to March 2003/2004 to 2010/2011" 6805:"Violent crime has undermined democracy in Latin America" 5985:

Dong, Baomin; Egger, Peter H.; Guo, Yibei (18 May 2020).

3319:

since 1400 AD. The murder rate was very high in the

2090:

deliberation. In some, murders committed by acts such as

1354: 7774: 7219:. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. p. 95. 6077:"Psychosocial causes of the crime of murder in Pakistan" 5210:

Michaels, Alan C. (1985). "Defining Unintended Murder".

4182:"Is killing a pregnant woman a case of double homicide?" 3374:

Murder rates in jurisdictions such as Japan, Singapore,

3344:

as a gasoline additive in internal combustion engines).

2322:, usually involving killing due to sexual, religious or 2311:

Killing to prevent specific forms of aggravated rape or

2047:

The jury might sympathize with the defendant (e.g. in a

1901:

At common law, murder was normally punishable by death.

5316:

Mandatory life sentences for murder of police officers.

4275: 4273: 4271: 4269: 4267: 4265: 3296:

Intentional homicide rate per 100,000 inhabitants, 2009

3235:

International murder rate per 100,000 inhabitants, 2011

1835:

In many countries, out of concern for being accused of

1631:. Manslaughter is killing committed in the absence of 5640:"Körperverletzung mit Todesfolge, § 227 StGB - Exkurs" 5615:"Art. 584 codice penale - Omicidio preterintenzionale" 5303: 5143: 2181:. According to common law, murder is considered to be 1893:

definition of murder, which by this definition occurs

1797:), though the same sound development can be seen with 9983: 5664:

Reimann, Mathias; Zimmermann, Reinhard (2019-03-26).

5292: 5290: 5109:"Infanticide Bill, 1949—Second and Subsequent Stages" 3080:

is to kill a human being who has committed no fault.

2007:

applies. Thus, if the defendant intentionally uses a

9260: 4262: 3437:

In the US, murder is the leading cause of death for

2883:

increases likelihood of impulsive hostile behaviour.

59:

Unlawful killing of a human with malice aforethought

7514:". Bonnie S. Fisher, Steven P. Lab (2010). p. 706. 7275:. Human Rights Commission of Pakistan. p. 98. 3893:(5 ed.). Random House Publishing Group. 2012. 3181:Southern slave codes did make willful killing of a 2937:. A 2000 study showed that regions of the state of 1695:The modern English word "murder" descends from the 7641: 6835:"Latin America Is the Murder Capital of the World" 5287: 4774:"Texas man acquitted of killing Craigslist escort" 3946: 78:"Double murder" redirects here. For the film, see 7424: 7422: 6650:"Rap Sheet Why is American history so murderous?" 6515:Wanderings in Corsica: Its History and Its Heroes 5897:. PA Media Group. Associated Press. 24 May 2010. 5663: 5179: 5149: 4950:7 Cal. 4th 797, 30 Cal. Rptr. 2d 50, 872 P.2d 591 4664: 2922:can provoke aggressive behaviour and even murder. 2652:Crime committed for pay or other reward, such as 2426:may apply to a wide range of disorders including 2110:, whereas Florida defines third-degree murder as 1855:consider abortion a form of murder, treating the 10007: 7735:Lord Mustill on the Common Law concerning murder 7534:Sourcebook of criminal justice statistics Online 7504:Encyclopedia of Victimology and Crime Prevention 6701: 6699: 5182:"Section II – Involuntary Offences Against Life" 4906: 4208:Blackstone's Commentaries on the Laws of England 2455:had a serious mental illness, disease, or defect 2255: 7403:. U.S. Department of Justice. 2 December 2016. 6640: 6638: 5910: 5908: 5428:"2006 Utah Code - 76-5-202 — Aggravated murder" 4611: 4421:; but the common law has been modified in NSW: 4307: 3129:elite for political and religious reasons. The 2865:The murderer seeks some form of financial gain. 71:"Murderer" redirects here. For other uses, see 7673:"Why Fewer Murder Cases Get Solved These Days" 7466:. Bureau of Justice Statistics. Archived from 7419: 6178: 6100: 6098: 5173: 4658: 4004:Nielson, William A.; Patch, Howard R. (1921). 3566:, the murder of a prominent person, such as a 3227:List of countries by intentional homicide rate 2334:(the first legally binding convention against 2272:for a serious crime. All member states of the 9172: 7790: 6986:. National Crime Records Bureau. p. 24. 6896:"Crime Rates for Selected Large Cities, 2005" 6732: 6696: 6443:. Univ of North Carolina Press. p. 172. 6104: 6075:Suhail, Kausar; Javed, Fareha (Winter 2004). 5389: 5010:, note: this text refers to the procedure of 3185:illegal in most cases. For example, the 1860 2003:Under state of mind (i), intent to kill, the 1944:by another human : In early common law, 1927:killing : At common law life ended with 1859:as a person. In some countries, a fetus is a 1577: 1068: 6635: 5984: 5905: 5434: 5058: 4702:, Oxford University Press, 1997, pp. 175–177 4491:"The Impulsive Murder and the Degree Device" 4381:Introduction to the Law of the United States 4032:"Falsely Accused Suspect Pursues Libel Case" 4003: 3204: 2602: 2276:are prohibited from using the death penalty. 1783:, itself derived from the Germanic noun via 7696: 7694: 6588:"WHO: 1.6 million die in violence annually" 6185:. BoD – Books on Demand. pp. 169–170. 6095: 6074: 5514:"Serving Life for Providing Car to Killers" 4310:Glanville Williams Textbook of Criminal Law 3153:, "between 10,000 and 80,400 persons" were 3033: 2810:Article I of the United States Constitution 2384: 1702:which meant "killing", a noun derived from 23: 9179: 9165: 7797: 7783: 7666: 7664: 7622:"What is Workplace Violence? - TAL Global" 6331: 6253:– McCarthy, Kevin M.. Volume 48, pp. 77–83 6081:Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research 5970:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 5950:. London, United Kingdom. pp. 62–65. 5473:"Two Economic Rationals for Felony Murder" 4397: 4322:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4254:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4204: 2571:killing was intentional or unintentional. 1584: 1570: 1075: 1061: 24: 7819: 7531:Ann L. Pastore; Kathleen Maguire (eds.). 7208: 7206: 6949: 6156:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195327953.003.0002 6122: 6020: 6010: 5945: 5577:"Article 222-7 - Code pénal - Légifrance" 4894:"Full list - Treaty Office - www.coe.int" 4140: 4063:"Getting a hand up on court, crime terms" 2970:, the first ever murder was committed by 2790:Law Reform (Year and a Day Rule) Act 1996 2301:who attempted to run away with his money. 2082:. Some US states maintain the offense of 1754:"death, killing, murder" and Old English 7691: 7597:Workplace Wellness: Issues and Responses 7594: 6926:"Óbitos por Causas Externas 1996 a 2010" 6567: 6145: 5917:"Murder and society: why commit murder?" 5209: 5064: 4941: 4939: 4937: 4900: 4694: 4279: 4225: 4223: 4165:"UNBORN VICTIMS OF VIOLENCE ACT OF 2004" 3420: 3404: 3365: 3310: 3300:According to scholar Pieter Spierenburg 3291: 3230: 2953: 2528: 2461: 1916:by lawful combatants as well as causing 1867:person is considered a double homicide. 86: 32:This is an accepted version of this page 7700: 7661: 7619: 6776:"Lead: America's Real Criminal Element" 6549:from the original on September 18, 2017 6534: 6525:". Ferdinand Gregorovius (1855). p.196. 6440:Southern Slavery and the Law, 1619-1860 6308:"Thuggee (Thagi) (13th C. to ca. 1838)" 6262: 5914: 5901:from the original on 10 September 2017. 5833: 5780: 5690: 4700:Voluntary Euthanasia and the Common Law 4688: 4488: 4234:(Fifth ed.). London. p. 804. 4143:"Crossfire: Abortion should be illegal" 4029: 3881: 3851: 3799:For example, in the United States, the 3287: 3133:cult that plagued India was devoted to 3092: 3026:written sometime between 2100 and 2050 2819: 1904:The elements of common law murder are: 1758:"death, crime, murder" (compare German 14: 10008: 7713:from the original on 10 September 2017 7679:from the original on 10 September 2017 7461:"Homicide trends in the United States" 7440:from the original on 10 September 2017 7299: 7203: 6684:from the original on 10 September 2017 6614:"Killing in L.A. drops to 1967 levels" 6436: 6400: 6386:[Sacrifice and flowery wars]. 6384:"El sacrificio y las guerras floridas" 6381: 6287: 6043: 5804: 5707: 5667:The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Law 5511: 5452:from the original on 25 September 2015 5417:Criminal Code of Russia art.105 p.2"k" 5364:Criminal Code of Russia art.105 p.2"e" 4815:from the original on September 2, 2012 4593:from the original on 10 September 2017 4563:from the original on 10 September 2017 4308:Dennis J. Baker (2012). "Chapter 11". 4060: 3801:Unborn Victims of Violence Act of 2004 2944: 2754: 2574: 1875:The eighteenth-century English jurist 9160: 8147:List of ways people dishonor the dead 7778: 7670: 6875:from the original on 2 September 2017 6611: 6182:The Steps of Man Towards Civilization 6111:Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública 5470: 4934: 4229: 4220: 4153:from the original on 6 November 2019. 3944: 3015:could be paid to the victim's family 2890:appears to affect mood and behaviour. 2722: 1951:with malice aforethought: Originally 7742:Co. Inst., Pt. III, ch.7, p. 50 7646:. Disastercenter.com. Archived from 7564:Race and crime: a biosocial analysis 7487:. U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from 7397:"Fact Sheet: Violence Against Women" 7377:from the original on 20 January 2012 7346:"Twentieth Century Atlas – Homicide" 6906:from the original on 23 October 2017 6773: 6463: 6205: 6044:Bailey, William C. (November 1984). 5925:Centre for Crime and Justice Studies 5738:, 2003 WI 42, 261 Wis. 2d 249 (2003) 5493:from the original on 21 October 2016 4795: 4784:from the original on 18 October 2014 4349:from the original on 2 February 2017 4157: 4124:"An Argument That Abortion Is Wrong" 4010:. New York: Harcourt, Brace & Co 3921: 3483:Despite the immense improvements in 3370:UNODC: Per 100,000 population (2011) 2949: 2765:In some common law jurisdictions, a 2469:holding a shotgun during his rampage 1731:"murderer; homicide" (from the verb 1619:as defined by the law in a specific 7769:Cezanne's depiction of "The Murder" 7703:"Why fewer murder cases get solved" 7701:Whitley, Brian (24 December 2008). 7540:(31st ed.). Albany, New York: 7371:"What Motivates Some Women to Kill" 7076:. Federal Bureau of Investigation. 6674:"US murder rate by year, 1900–2010" 6568:Albrecht, Harro (7 February 2013). 6360:. Cdis.missouri.edu. Archived from 5793:from the original on March 10, 2015 5762:from the original on 14 August 2017 4919:from the original on August 1, 2016 4336: 4211:. Avalon Project, Yale Law School. 4141:Stoltzfus, Abby (6 November 2019). 4121: 3869:from the original on 2 October 2017 3347: 3157:in the 1487 re-consecration of the 2377:And secondly, as stated by Justice 1886:Commentaries on the Laws of England 1863:who can be murdered, and killing a 56: 9186: 8152:List of ways people honor the dead 7765:– U.S. Centers for Disease Control 7485:"Homicide Victims by Race and Sex" 7407:from the original on 1 August 2017 7149:"Derecho a la seguridad ciudadana" 6535:Holguin, Jaime (October 3, 2002). 6062:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1984.tb00314.x 5781:Wofford, Taylor (August 9, 2014). 5741:(search for "year-and-a-day rule") 5714:(in French). Editis - Interforum. 5034:"Infanticide Act, 1949, Section 1" 4980:N.Y. Penal Law, § 40.15, found at 4907:Joseph Goldstein (July 28, 2016). 4073:from the original on June 24, 2016 4042:from the original on 4 August 2019 3644: 2802:Supreme Court of the United States 2742:shows it can be used very widely. 2658:Exceptional brutality or cruelty, 1830: 57: 10052: 8183:Gompertz–Makeham law of mortality 7746: 7642:Christopher Effgen (2001-09-11). 7348:. Users.erols.com. Archived from 6952:"UN highlights Brazil gun crisis" 6865:"2014 Crime in the United States" 6845:from the original on 22 July 2019 6815:from the original on 22 July 2019 4583:"Title 18 USC, Sec. 1111, Murder" 4103:from the original on June 3, 2016 3556: 2906:can lead to reduced self control. 2173:According to Blackstone, English 1735:"to murder"), giving Old English 9993: 9778:Perverting the course of justice 9263: 9254: 9202:. Not all types are listed here. 9140: 9131: 9130: 7763:Atlas of United States Mortality 7635: 7613: 7599:. Brown Bear Press. p. 19. 7588: 7555: 7551:from the original on 2010-05-30. 7524: 7495: 7477: 7453: 7401:Office on Violence Against Women 7389: 7363: 7338: 7314: 7293: 7262: 7237: 7172: 7141: 7116: 7091: 7066: 7048:. South African Police Service. 7035: 7004: 6973: 6943: 6918: 6888: 6857: 6827: 6797: 6767: 6751: 6726: 6666: 6605: 6580: 6561: 6528: 6506: 6484: 6457: 6430: 6417: 6394: 6375: 6350: 6325: 6300: 6281: 6256: 5935:from the original on 2020-07-24. 5524:from the original on 2017-09-29. 5407:from the original on 2014-10-17. 5119:from the original on 1 July 2016 5046:from the original on 1 June 2016 4854:from the original on 2018-01-30. 4632:"Blackstone, Book 4, Chapter 14" 4524:"Minnesota Second-Degree Murder" 4379:Wise, Edward. "Criminal Law" in 4215:from the original on 2011-08-10. 3934:from the original on 2017-02-17. 3890:The American Heritage Dictionary 3613:Murder conviction without a body 3527: 3506: 3400: 3315:The historical homicide rate in 3169:with their sword at anyone of a 2974:against his brother Abel out of 2556: 711:Perverting the course of justice 111: 9516:Intellectual property violation 9141: 7728: 7282:from the original on 2012-06-11 7270:"State of Human Rights in 2010" 7251:from the original on 2012-07-23 7226:from the original on 2012-01-31 7192:from the original on 2011-10-18 7161:from the original on 2012-06-08 7130:from the original on 2013-01-17 7105:from the original on 2011-10-28 7080:from the original on 2012-05-12 7055:from the original on 2012-04-02 6993:from the original on 2012-05-13 6962:from the original on 2010-03-27 6950:Kingstone, Steve (2005-06-27). 6932:from the original on 2013-01-15 6869:Federal Bureau of Investigation 6786:from the original on 2017-08-11 6648:, Polity, 2008. Referred to in 6624:from the original on 2011-01-19 6594:from the original on 2010-06-11 6590:. Online.sfsu.edu. 2002-10-04. 6403:"The Enigma of Aztec Sacrifice" 6336:. Pearson Longman. p. 82. 6314:from the original on 2013-04-14 6244: 6199: 6172: 6139: 6124:10.1590/s1020-49892000000200008 6068: 6037: 5978: 5939: 5887: 5862: 5851:from the original on 2015-09-04 5822:from the original on 2015-09-04 5774: 5744: 5728: 5701: 5684: 5657: 5632: 5607: 5593: 5569: 5552: 5528: 5505: 5464: 5420: 5411: 5367: 5358: 5345: 5332: 5319: 5273: 5251: 5238: 5203: 5131: 5101: 5026: 5017: 5001:from the original on 2008-10-21 4997:(in French). Legifrance. 2002. 4974: 4962: 4886: 4872: 4858: 4826: 4766: 4754: 4743:from the original on 2014-10-18 4725: 4677:from the original on 2008-04-08 4649: 4624: 4605: 4575: 4545: 4534:from the original on 2018-03-14 4516: 4505:from the original on 2018-03-13 4482: 4472: 4454: 4440: 4373: 4361: 4343:Philosophy 4826, Life and Death 4330: 4301: 4198: 4174: 4134: 4115: 4085: 4054: 4030:Goodman, Brenda (27 May 2006). 3793: 3443:Federal Bureau of Investigation 3361:Latin America and the Caribbean 2982:Evans-Pritchard says about the 2583:may be a defense. For example, 1774:mordre, mourdre, murder, murdre 606:Intellectual property violation 10026:Common law offences in Ireland 7436:. U.S. Department of Justice. 6733:Randolph Roth (October 2009). 6401:Harner, Michael (April 1977). 6382:Hassig, Ross (13 March 2017). 6288:Rushby, Kevin (11 June 2005). 6179:Oesterdiekhoff, Georg (2011). 5281:"Section 630:1 Capital Murder" 5115:. 7 July 1949. Vol.36 c.1472. 4022: 3997: 3974: 3953:. Cambridge University Press. 3938: 3915: 3817: 3780: 3173:who compromised their honour. 2542:law of the Republic of Ireland 2399:post-traumatic stress disorder 2241:In many common law countries, 1776:could have been influenced by 13: 1: 8203:Maternal mortality in fiction 7180:"Homicidios en Centroamérica" 6265:The Secret Societies Handbook 5816:, 646 N.E.2d 582 (Ill. 1995)" 4762:Joe Horn shooting controversy 4345:. University of St. Andrews. 4061:Fisher, Doug (July 1, 2003). 3811: 3469:moratorium on death sentences 3159:Great Pyramid of Tenochtitlan 2256:Specific to certain countries 2202: 2168: 1990:Intent to commit a dangerous 1870: 1615:committed with the necessary 99: 8117:Expressions related to death 8070:Medical declaration of death 7771:– National Museums Liverpool 7671:Beale, Lewis (20 May 2009). 7595:Csiernik, Rick, ed. (2014). 7542:Bureau of Justice Statistics 7300:Serena, Katie (2019-01-09). 7099:"Estadísticas de Mortalidad" 6663:New Yorker, November 9, 2009 6012:10.1371/journal.pone.0233034 5188:. Legifrance. Archived from 5158:. Legifrance. Archived from 5079:10.1016/j.hisfam.2008.09.003 4205:Blackstone, William (1765). 3220: 2900:can both lead to aggression. 2670:Murder for a political cause 2130:, or in some countries, the 1690: 1641:brought about by reasonable 941:Ignorantia juris non excusat 7: 8137:Preventable causes of death 7434:Office for Victims of Crime 7373:. ABC News. 13 April 2009. 6720:10.1177/1088767902006002003 6290:"Review: Thug by Mike Dash" 5845:, 836 P.2d 102 (N.M. 1992)" 5708:Pradel, Jean (2016-09-14). 5670:. Oxford University Press. 5512:Liptak, Adam (2007-12-04). 5403:. Parole Board of Ireland. 4695:Otlowski, Margaret (1997). 4587:Legal Information Institute 4339:"Killing & Letting Die" 4093:"Charges & Allegations" 3994:, accessed on 17 July 2020. 3992:Online Etymology Dictionary 3522: 3434:of death in the workplace. 3063: 3019:of their right of revenge. 2715:always carries a mandatory 2514:Penal Code §122-1 found at 2408: 2374:Supreme Court of California 2126:without the possibility of 2062:Murder in the Second Degree 1813:is a verb from Anglo-Saxon 10: 10057: 9541:Possessing stolen property 7644:"Disaster Center web site" 7620:thejtal (September 2021). 7214:"Global Study on Homicide" 6928:(in Portuguese). DATASUS. 6774:Drum, Kevin (2016-02-11). 6612:Rubin, Joel (2010-12-26). 6572:[What we die of]. 6437:Morris, Thomas D. (1996). 6358:"Science and Anthropology" 6332:Rubinstein, W. D. (2004). 6230:10.1163/026805599125826381 5711:Droit pénal comparé. 4e éd 5471:Sidak, J. Gregory (2015). 5442:"Classification of murder" 5401:Citizens Information Board 5327:Murder (United States law) 4634:. Yale.edu. Archived from 4285:Understanding Criminal Law 3224: 3176: 3040:prohibition against murder 2758: 2726: 2649:Murder of a pregnant woman 2412: 2207: 2058: 2054: 1912:, or the killing of enemy 631:Possessing stolen property 279:Offense against the person 77: 70: 63: 9955: 9920: 9820: 9787: 9736: 9690: 9584: 9444: 9280: 9252: 9208: 9195: 9126: 8852: 8782: 8668: 8622: 8504:Consciousness after death 8484: 8427: 8372: 8314: 8263: 8252: 8245: 8160: 8097: 7991: 7812: 7804: 7707:Christian Science Monitor 7574:". Anthony Walsh (2004). 6902:. Sandbox Networks, Inc. 6470:. Routledge. p. 79. 6263:Bradley, Michael (2005). 5946:Petherick, Wayne (2018). 5691:Cadoppi, Alberto (1992). 5397:"Parole Board of Ireland" 5067:The History of the Family 4673:(in French). Legifrance. 4417:464 (26 March 1985), 4383:(Clark and Ansay, eds.), 4230:Baker, Dennis J. (2021). 3922:Tran, Mark (2011-03-28). 3449:(UCR) includes non-black 3425:The scene of a murder in 3277:World Health Organization 3205:Honor killings in Corsica 3046:given by God to Moses in 2609:aggravating circumstances 2603:Aggravating circumstances 2350: 2031:In Spanish criminal law, 1824:Oxford English Dictionary 1750:), giving Proto-Germanic 1637:, such as in the case of 925:Diminished responsibility 719:Crimes against the public 73:Murderer (disambiguation) 9640:(such as prohibition of 8905:Personification of death 8127:People by cause of death 5448:. Government of Canada. 4614:"Wetboek van Strafrecht" 4433:378 (25 June 1991), 4232:Treatise of criminal law 3945:Bynon, Theodora (1977). 3773: 3539:List of types of killing 3284:of overall crime rates. 3034:Judaism and Christianity 2910:Environmental pollutants 2637:Murder committed during 2631:Murder committed during 2391:mitigating circumstances 2385:Mitigating circumstances 854:Crimes against the state 774:(such as prohibition of 39:latest accepted revision 8982:Death-positive movement 8827:Post-mortem photography 8107:Causes of death by rate 8035:Death by natural causes 6839:The Wall Street Journal 6267:. Cassell Illustrated. 5915:Morrall, Peter (2007). 5180:The French Parliament. 5150:The French Parliament. 5138:Criminal Code of Russia 4984:, retrieved 2014-04-10. 4665:The French Parliament. 4489:Brenner, Frank (1953). 4287:(3rd ed.). Lexis. 4067:Common Sense Journalism 4007:Selections from Chaucer 3551:List of unsolved deaths 3513:criminal investigations 2843:The murderer seeks to " 2177:identified murder as a 2026:lesser included offense 1821:, or, according to the 1401:Avunculicide/Nepoticide 538:Crimes against property 228:(also called violation) 66:Murder (disambiguation) 9758:Miscarriage of justice 9017:Fascination with death 8655:Reincarnation research 8650:Out-of-body experience 8112:Notable deaths by year 7953:Immunogenic cell death 7869:Temporal lobe necrosis 6678:Democratic Underground 5581:www.legifrance.gouv.fr 5353:Murder (Brazilian law) 5113:Seanad Éireann debates 5012:involuntary commitment 4982:N.Y. Assembly web site 4589:. Cornell Law School. 3949:Historical Linguistics 3628:Soldiers are murderers 3430: 3418: 3371: 3324: 3297: 3272: 3113:killed members of the 3001: 2963: 2904:Consumption of alcohol 2779:statute of limitations 2607:Murder with specified 2522: 2492: 2470: 2340:violence against women 2233:imperfect self-defense 1929:cardiopulmonary arrest 1899: 1639:voluntary manslaughter 1321:Voluntary manslaughter 1286:Vehicle-ramming attack 990:Other common-law areas 823:Crimes against animals 691:Miscarriage of justice 673:Crimes against justice 105: 9753:Malfeasance in office 9198:Note: Crimes vary by 8822:Post-mortem chemistry 8635:Near-death experience 8531:Desecration of graves 8467:Postmortem caloricity 8432:Beating heart cadaver 7876:Programmed cell death 7844:Liquefactive necrosis 7758:The Seville Statement 7247:. Statistics Canada. 6981:"Crime in India 2010" 6841:. 20 September 2018. 6644:Spierenburg, Pieter, 6494:. Library of Congress 6467:People Without Rights 6464:Fede, Andrew (2012). 5560:"La praeterintention" 5340:Murder (Romanian law) 4427:[1991] HCA 27 4411:[1985] HCA 22 3593:Depraved-heart murder 3447:Uniform Crime Reports 3424: 3408: 3369: 3314: 3295: 3234: 2995:cultures such as the 2980: 2957: 2928:personality disorders 2918:from eating too much 2534:Postpartum depression 2529:Postpartum depression 2500: 2479: 2465: 2444:personality disorders 2108:depraved-heart murder 2037:Spanish Criminal Code 1895: 1339:Non-criminal homicide 1234:Murder for body parts 1150:Depraved-heart murder 896:Defenses to liability 686:Malfeasance in office 90: 9846:Cybersex trafficking 9608:Censorship violation 9012:Festival of the Dead 8910:Dying-and-rising god 8865:Chinese burial money 8754:Prohibition of dying 8706:Death-qualified jury 8472:Post-mortem interval 8132:Premature obituaries 7839:Coagulative necrosis 6680:. 16 December 2012. 6388:Arqueología Mexicana 5758:. 25 February 2017. 5446:Justice Laws Website 5385:on October 18, 2015. 5298:Murder (English law) 4868:. 24 September 2013. 4448:"Noticias Jurídicas" 4337:Ashford, Elizabeth. 3829:. West Group. 1997. 3633:Stigmatized property 3511:The success rate of 3288:Historical variation 3093:Historical attitudes 2888:breakdown of glucose 2820:Contributing factors 2771:one year and one day 2709:English criminal law 2292:Dr John Bodkin Adams 2065:. For the film, see 1982:grievous bodily harm 1817:from Proto-Germanic 1380:Justifiable homicide 1199:Lonely hearts killer 742:Censorship violation 465:Cybersex trafficking 64:For other uses, see 9638:Illegal consumption 9312:Criminal negligence 9072:Philosophy of death 8937:Death from laughter 8237:Perinatal mortality 7978:Mitotic catastrophe 7958:Ischemic cell death 7901:Intrinsic apoptosis 7849:Gangrenous necrosis 7675:. PacificStandard. 6570:"Woran wir sterben" 6537:"A Murder A Minute" 6334:Genocide: A History 6310:. Users.erols.com. 6003:2020PLoSO..1533034D 5870:Rogers v. Tennessee 5697:(in Italian). Utet. 5212:Columbia Law Review 5186:French Criminal Law 5156:French Criminal Law 4882:. 19 December 2019. 4705:. Clarendon Press. 4698:Margaret Otlowski, 4671:French Criminal Law 3384:U.S. Virgin Islands 3380:developed countries 2968:Abrahamic religions 2945:Religious attitudes 2761:Year and a day rule 2755:Year-and-a-day rule 2581:diminished capacity 2575:Diminished capacity 2516:Legifrance web site 2365:'s murder statute, 2332:Istanbul Convention 2104:third-degree murder 2076:Canadian murder law 2068:Premeditated Murder 1954:malice aforethought 1805:). The alternative 1697:Proto-Indo-European 1647:diminished capacity 1135:Consensual homicide 1090:Part of a series on 920:Defense of property 772:Illegal consumption 308:Criminal negligence 208:Severity of offense 29:Page version status 18:Premeditated murder 9841:Child sexual abuse 9806:Wildlife smuggling 9796:Cruelty to animals 9585:Against the public 9414:Negligent homicide 9327:False imprisonment 9282:Against the person 9118:Thanatosensitivity 9022:Hierarchy of death 8962:Death notification 8870:Coins for the dead 8802:Forensic pathology 8686:Capital punishment 8640:Near-death studies 8232:Mortality salience 7864:Fibrinoid necrosis 7834:Avascular necrosis 7569:2015-10-16 at the 7509:2016-01-01 at the 7327:2013-10-29 at the 6655:2010-01-09 at the 6520:2016-01-01 at the 6209:Arab Law Quarterly 6150:. pp. 17–38. 5814:People v. Carrillo 5518:The New York Times 5480:Cornell Law Review 5269:on April 25, 2018. 5039:Irish Statute Book 4971:, All ER Rep 229. 4955:2015-09-04 at the 4913:The New York Times 4618:wetten.overheid.nl 4495:Fordham Law Review 4466:Noticias Jurídicas 4390:2015-05-17 at the 3986:2020-07-07 at the 3623:Seven laws of Noah 3608:Misdemeanor murder 3572:head of government 3515:into murders (the 3431: 3419: 3411:Lake Bodom murders 3372: 3325: 3298: 3273: 2964: 2886:Alteration in the 2729:Felony murder rule 2723:Felony murder rule 2477:law, for example: 2471: 2326:reasons (known as 2262:Capital punishment 2005:deadly weapon rule 1980:Intent to inflict 1877:William Blackstone 1769:first attested in 1685:capital punishment 1365:Capital punishment 1331:Vehicular homicide 1326:Negligent homicide 1291:Wrongful execution 1229:Misdemeanor murder 1155:Felony murder rule 841:Wildlife smuggling 831:Cruelty to animals 460:Child sexual abuse 412:Negligent homicide 323:False imprisonment 220:Indictable offense 164:Scope of criminal 106: 35: 9981: 9980: 9964:Wikimedia Commons 9922:Inchoate offenses 9866:Indecent exposure 9357:Human trafficking 9322:Domestic violence 9154: 9153: 8890:Death anniversary 8885:Death and culture 8729:Dying declaration 8711:Death certificate 8618: 8617: 8480: 8479: 8332:Neuropreservation 8122:Natural disasters 8093: 8092: 7335:. March 30, 2007. 6618:Los Angeles Times 6477:978-1-136-71610-2 6450:978-0-8078-4817-3 6343:978-0-582-50601-5 6274:978-1-84403-416-1 6192:978-3-8423-4288-0 6165:978-0-19-532795-3 6113:(in Portuguese). 5843:State v. Gabehart 5721:978-2-247-15085-4 5677:978-0-19-256552-5 5379:www.consultant.ru 4969:M'Naughten's case 4847:978-1-946135-08-7 4712:978-0-19-825996-1 4294:978-0-8205-5027-5 3682:England and Wales 3588:Culpable homicide 3392: 3072:according to the 2950:Abrahamic context 2748:preterintentional 2627:Murder of a child 2496:French Penal Code 2336:domestic violence 2274:Council of Europe 1962:In contrast with 1918:collateral damage 1827:, from the noun. 1594: 1593: 1385:"License to kill" 1194:Internet homicide 1175:Child cannibalism 1170:Human cannibalism 1085: 1084: 485:Indecent exposure 353:Human trafficking 318:Domestic violence 246:Inchoate offenses 96:Peter Paul Rubens 92:Cain slaying Abel 47:29 September 2024 26: 16:(Redirected from 10048: 10041:Killings by type 9998: 9997: 9989: 9628:Ethnic cleansing 9566:Trespass to land 9461:Arms trafficking 9273: 9268: 9267: 9258: 9181: 9174: 9167: 9158: 9157: 9144: 9143: 9134: 9133: 9114: 9099:Assisted suicide 8997:Death trajectory 8812:Mortuary science 8807:Funeral director 8798: 8764:Suspicious death 8536:Eternal oblivion 8322:Cryopreservation 8261: 8260: 8250: 8249: 8188:Infant mortality 8178:Excess mortality 8080:Terminal illness 8065:Lazarus syndrome 8050:End-of-life care 8001:Accidental death 7854:Caseous necrosis 7817: 7816: 7799: 7792: 7785: 7776: 7775: 7723: 7722: 7720: 7718: 7698: 7689: 7688: 7686: 7684: 7668: 7659: 7658: 7656: 7655: 7639: 7633: 7632: 7630: 7628: 7617: 7611: 7610: 7592: 7586: 7559: 7553: 7552: 7550: 7539: 7528: 7522: 7499: 7493: 7492: 7481: 7475: 7474: 7472: 7465: 7457: 7451: 7449: 7447: 7445: 7426: 7417: 7416: 7414: 7412: 7393: 7387: 7386: 7384: 7382: 7367: 7361: 7360: 7358: 7357: 7342: 7336: 7318: 7312: 7311: 7309: 7308: 7297: 7291: 7290: 7288: 7287: 7281: 7274: 7266: 7260: 7259: 7257: 7256: 7241: 7235: 7234: 7232: 7231: 7225: 7218: 7210: 7201: 7200: 7198: 7197: 7191: 7184: 7176: 7170: 7169: 7167: 7166: 7160: 7153: 7145: 7139: 7138: 7136: 7135: 7120: 7114: 7113: 7111: 7110: 7095: 7089: 7088: 7086: 7085: 7070: 7064: 7063: 7061: 7060: 7054: 7047: 7039: 7033: 7032: 7030: 7029: 7023: 7016: 7012:"Homicidio 2010" 7008: 7002: 7001: 6999: 6998: 6992: 6985: 6977: 6971: 6970: 6968: 6967: 6947: 6941: 6940: 6938: 6937: 6922: 6916: 6915: 6913: 6911: 6892: 6886: 6884: 6882: 6880: 6861: 6855: 6854: 6852: 6850: 6831: 6825: 6824: 6822: 6820: 6801: 6795: 6794: 6792: 6791: 6771: 6765: 6755: 6749: 6748: 6746: 6740:. Archived from 6739: 6730: 6724: 6723: 6708:Homicide Studies 6703: 6694: 6693: 6691: 6689: 6670: 6664: 6642: 6633: 6632: 6630: 6629: 6609: 6603: 6602: 6600: 6599: 6584: 6578: 6577: 6565: 6559: 6558: 6556: 6554: 6532: 6526: 6510: 6504: 6503: 6501: 6499: 6488: 6482: 6481: 6461: 6455: 6454: 6434: 6428: 6427:, Yamakawa, 2005 6423:Mako Taniguchi, 6421: 6415: 6414: 6398: 6392: 6391: 6379: 6373: 6372: 6370: 6369: 6354: 6348: 6347: 6329: 6323: 6322: 6320: 6319: 6304: 6298: 6297: 6285: 6279: 6278: 6260: 6254: 6248: 6242: 6241: 6222:Brill Publishers 6203: 6197: 6196: 6176: 6170: 6169: 6143: 6137: 6136: 6126: 6102: 6093: 6092: 6072: 6066: 6065: 6041: 6035: 6034: 6024: 6014: 5982: 5976: 5975: 5969: 5961: 5943: 5937: 5936: 5934: 5921: 5912: 5903: 5902: 5891: 5885: 5866: 5860: 5859: 5857: 5856: 5837: 5831: 5830: 5828: 5827: 5808: 5802: 5801: 5799: 5798: 5778: 5772: 5771: 5769: 5767: 5748: 5742: 5736:State v. Picotte 5732: 5726: 5725: 5705: 5699: 5698: 5688: 5682: 5681: 5661: 5655: 5654: 5652: 5651: 5636: 5630: 5629: 5627: 5626: 5611: 5605: 5604: 5601:"Journal of law" 5597: 5591: 5590: 5588: 5587: 5573: 5567: 5566: 5564: 5556: 5550: 5549: 5547: 5546: 5532: 5526: 5525: 5509: 5503: 5502: 5500: 5498: 5492: 5477: 5468: 5462: 5461: 5459: 5457: 5438: 5432: 5431: 5424: 5418: 5415: 5409: 5408: 5393: 5387: 5386: 5381:. Archived from 5371: 5365: 5362: 5356: 5349: 5343: 5336: 5330: 5323: 5317: 5307: 5301: 5294: 5285: 5284: 5277: 5271: 5270: 5265:. Archived from 5255: 5249: 5242: 5236: 5235: 5207: 5201: 5200: 5198: 5197: 5177: 5171: 5170: 5168: 5167: 5147: 5141: 5135: 5129: 5128: 5126: 5124: 5105: 5099: 5098: 5062: 5056: 5055: 5053: 5051: 5030: 5024: 5021: 5015: 5009: 5007: 5006: 4991: 4985: 4978: 4972: 4966: 4960: 4943: 4932: 4931: 4926: 4924: 4904: 4898: 4897: 4890: 4884: 4883: 4876: 4870: 4869: 4862: 4856: 4855: 4830: 4824: 4823: 4821: 4820: 4814: 4807: 4799: 4793: 4792: 4790: 4789: 4770: 4764: 4758: 4752: 4751: 4749: 4748: 4729: 4723: 4722: 4720: 4719: 4692: 4686: 4685: 4683: 4682: 4662: 4656: 4653: 4647: 4646: 4644: 4643: 4628: 4622: 4621: 4609: 4603: 4602: 4600: 4598: 4579: 4573: 4572: 4570: 4568: 4549: 4543: 4542: 4540: 4539: 4520: 4514: 4513: 4511: 4510: 4486: 4480: 4476: 4470: 4469: 4458: 4452: 4451: 4444: 4438: 4401: 4395: 4377: 4371: 4365: 4359: 4358: 4356: 4354: 4334: 4328: 4327: 4321: 4313: 4305: 4299: 4298: 4281:Dressler, Joshua 4277: 4260: 4259: 4253: 4245: 4227: 4218: 4216: 4202: 4196: 4195: 4193: 4192: 4178: 4172: 4171: 4169: 4161: 4155: 4154: 4138: 4132: 4131: 4119: 4113: 4112: 4110: 4108: 4089: 4083: 4082: 4080: 4078: 4058: 4052: 4051: 4049: 4047: 4026: 4020: 4019: 4017: 4015: 4001: 3995: 3978: 3972: 3971: 3969: 3967: 3952: 3942: 3936: 3935: 3919: 3913: 3911: 3909: 3907: 3885: 3879: 3878: 3876: 3874: 3855: 3849: 3847: 3845: 3843: 3821: 3805: 3797: 3791: 3784: 3727:Northern Ireland 3534:Lists of murders 3439:African American 3387: 3348:Rates by country 3269: 3263: 3257: 3251: 3245: 3239: 3044:Ten Commandments 3024:Code of Ur-Nammu 3013:Germanic society 2794:attorney-general 2685:Treachery (e.g. 2654:contract killing 2518: 2490: 2415:Insanity defense 2290:and the case of 2147: 2049:crime of passion 1795:murdreo, murdiro 1743:"dead" (compare 1660:, recklessness. 1601:unlawful killing 1586: 1579: 1572: 1548:Suspicious death 1360:Assisted suicide 1346:Note: Varies by 1145:Crime of passion 1140:Contract killing 1125:Attempted murder 1111:Note: Varies by 1087: 1086: 1077: 1070: 1063: 1034: 905:Actual innocence 762:Ethnic cleansing 656:Trespass to land 551:Arms trafficking 115: 108: 107: 104: 101: 21: 10056: 10055: 10051: 10050: 10049: 10047: 10046: 10045: 10006: 10005: 10004: 9992: 9984: 9982: 9977: 9951: 9950: 9949: 9916: 9915: 9914: 9896:Sex trafficking 9822:Sexual offenses 9816: 9815: 9814: 9788:Against animals 9783: 9782: 9781: 9732: 9731: 9730: 9686: 9685: 9684: 9580: 9579: 9578: 9496:False pretenses 9440: 9439: 9438: 9402:Preterintention 9276: 9269: 9262: 9259: 9250: 9204: 9191: 9185: 9155: 9150: 9122: 9108: 9052:Museum of Death 9002:Dignified death 8957:Death messenger 8932:Death education 8848: 8792: 8778: 8716:Declared death 8664: 8614: 8571:Online mourning 8476: 8442:Cadaveric spasm 8423: 8368: 8310: 8301:Skeletonization 8241: 8173:Child mortality 8168:Birthday effect 8156: 8089: 8085:Unnatural death 8016:Brainstem death 7987: 7926:Pseudoapoptosis 7808: 7803: 7749: 7740:Sir Edward Coke 7731: 7726: 7716: 7714: 7699: 7692: 7682: 7680: 7669: 7662: 7653: 7651: 7640: 7636: 7626: 7624: 7618: 7614: 7607: 7593: 7589: 7576:Nova Publishers 7571:Wayback Machine 7560: 7556: 7548: 7537: 7529: 7525: 7511:Wayback Machine 7500: 7496: 7483: 7482: 7478: 7470: 7463: 7459: 7458: 7454: 7443: 7441: 7428: 7427: 7420: 7410: 7408: 7395: 7394: 7390: 7380: 7378: 7369: 7368: 7364: 7355: 7353: 7344: 7343: 7339: 7329:Wayback Machine 7319: 7315: 7306: 7304: 7298: 7294: 7285: 7283: 7279: 7272: 7268: 7267: 7263: 7254: 7252: 7243: 7242: 7238: 7229: 7227: 7223: 7216: 7212: 7211: 7204: 7195: 7193: 7189: 7182: 7178: 7177: 7173: 7164: 7162: 7158: 7151: 7147: 7146: 7142: 7133: 7131: 7122: 7121: 7117: 7108: 7106: 7097: 7096: 7092: 7083: 7081: 7072: 7071: 7067: 7058: 7056: 7052: 7045: 7041: 7040: 7036: 7027: 7025: 7021: 7014: 7010: 7009: 7005: 6996: 6994: 6990: 6983: 6979: 6978: 6974: 6965: 6963: 6948: 6944: 6935: 6933: 6924: 6923: 6919: 6909: 6907: 6894: 6893: 6889: 6878: 6876: 6863: 6862: 6858: 6848: 6846: 6833: 6832: 6828: 6818: 6816: 6811:. 9 July 2019. 6809:Financial Times 6803: 6802: 6798: 6789: 6787: 6772: 6768: 6756: 6752: 6744: 6737: 6731: 6727: 6704: 6697: 6687: 6685: 6672: 6671: 6667: 6657:Wayback Machine 6643: 6636: 6627: 6625: 6610: 6606: 6597: 6595: 6586: 6585: 6581: 6566: 6562: 6552: 6550: 6533: 6529: 6522:Wayback Machine 6511: 6507: 6497: 6495: 6490: 6489: 6485: 6478: 6462: 6458: 6451: 6435: 6431: 6425:Kiri-sute Gomen 6422: 6418: 6407:Natural History 6399: 6395: 6380: 6376: 6367: 6365: 6356: 6355: 6351: 6344: 6330: 6326: 6317: 6315: 6306: 6305: 6301: 6286: 6282: 6275: 6261: 6257: 6251:American Speech 6249: 6245: 6204: 6200: 6193: 6177: 6173: 6166: 6144: 6140: 6103: 6096: 6073: 6069: 6042: 6038: 5997:(5): e0233034. 5983: 5979: 5963: 5962: 5958: 5944: 5940: 5932: 5919: 5913: 5906: 5893: 5892: 5888: 5867: 5863: 5854: 5852: 5839: 5838: 5834: 5825: 5823: 5810: 5809: 5805: 5796: 5794: 5779: 5775: 5765: 5763: 5750: 5749: 5745: 5733: 5729: 5722: 5706: 5702: 5689: 5685: 5678: 5662: 5658: 5649: 5647: 5638: 5637: 5633: 5624: 5622: 5613: 5612: 5608: 5599: 5598: 5594: 5585: 5583: 5575: 5574: 5570: 5562: 5558: 5557: 5553: 5544: 5542: 5534: 5533: 5529: 5510: 5506: 5496: 5494: 5490: 5475: 5469: 5465: 5455: 5453: 5440: 5439: 5435: 5426: 5425: 5421: 5416: 5412: 5395: 5394: 5390: 5373: 5372: 5368: 5363: 5359: 5350: 5346: 5337: 5333: 5324: 5320: 5310:Crimes Act 1900 5308: 5304: 5295: 5288: 5279: 5278: 5274: 5257: 5256: 5252: 5246:Twinkie defense 5244:The so-called " 5243: 5239: 5224:10.2307/1122334 5208: 5204: 5195: 5193: 5178: 5174: 5165: 5163: 5152:"Article 222-8" 5148: 5144: 5136: 5132: 5122: 5120: 5107: 5106: 5102: 5063: 5059: 5049: 5047: 5032: 5031: 5027: 5022: 5018: 5004: 5002: 4993: 4992: 4988: 4979: 4975: 4967: 4963: 4957:Wayback Machine 4946:People v. Davis 4944: 4935: 4922: 4920: 4905: 4901: 4892: 4891: 4887: 4878: 4877: 4873: 4864: 4863: 4859: 4848: 4832: 4831: 4827: 4818: 4816: 4812: 4808:. May 6, 2008. 4805: 4801: 4800: 4796: 4787: 4785: 4780:. 7 June 2013. 4772: 4771: 4767: 4759: 4755: 4746: 4744: 4731: 4730: 4726: 4717: 4715: 4713: 4693: 4689: 4680: 4678: 4667:"Article 122-5" 4663: 4659: 4654: 4650: 4641: 4639: 4630: 4629: 4625: 4610: 4606: 4596: 4594: 4581: 4580: 4576: 4566: 4564: 4557:Merriam-Webster 4553:"Premeditation" 4551: 4550: 4546: 4537: 4535: 4522: 4521: 4517: 4508: 4506: 4487: 4483: 4477: 4473: 4460: 4459: 4455: 4446: 4445: 4441: 4402: 4398: 4392:Wayback Machine 4378: 4374: 4366: 4362: 4352: 4350: 4335: 4331: 4315: 4314: 4306: 4302: 4295: 4278: 4263: 4247: 4246: 4242: 4228: 4221: 4203: 4199: 4190: 4188: 4180: 4179: 4175: 4167: 4163: 4162: 4158: 4139: 4135: 4120: 4116: 4106: 4104: 4091: 4090: 4086: 4076: 4074: 4059: 4055: 4045: 4043: 4027: 4023: 4013: 4011: 4002: 3998: 3988:Wayback Machine 3979: 3975: 3965: 3963: 3961: 3943: 3939: 3920: 3916: 3905: 3903: 3901: 3887: 3886: 3882: 3872: 3870: 3863:Merriam-Webster 3857: 3856: 3852: 3841: 3839: 3837: 3823: 3822: 3818: 3814: 3809: 3808: 3798: 3794: 3785: 3781: 3776: 3771: 3647: 3645:Laws by country 3642: 3559: 3530: 3525: 3509: 3403: 3350: 3290: 3271: 3267: 3265: 3261: 3259: 3255: 3253: 3249: 3247: 3243: 3241: 3237: 3229: 3223: 3207: 3191:Oliver v. State 3179: 3167:right to strike 3143:Huitzilopochtli 3095: 3066: 3036: 3011:which in early 2988:Evans-Pritchard 2952: 2947: 2822: 2763: 2757: 2731: 2725: 2707:murders. Under 2605: 2595:and Supervisor 2577: 2559: 2531: 2519: 2513: 2491: 2485: 2424:Mental disorder 2421: 2419:M'Naghten rules 2413:Main articles: 2411: 2401:and medication 2387: 2353: 2306:Castle doctrine 2258: 2210: 2205: 2171: 2139: 2134:. In the U.S., 2080:U.S. murder law 2072: 2057: 2001: 1984:short of death, 1873: 1833: 1831:Use of the term 1792:Old High German 1693: 1590: 1296:Judicial murder 1187:Child sacrifice 1182:Human sacrifice 1081: 1022: 586:False pretenses 515:Sex trafficking 441:Sexual offenses 400:Preterintention 236:Summary offense 102: 85: 76: 69: 60: 55: 54: 53: 52: 51: 50: 34: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 10054: 10044: 10043: 10038: 10033: 10028: 10023: 10018: 10003: 10002: 9979: 9978: 9976: 9971: 9966: 9961: 9956: 9953: 9952: 9948: 9943: 9938: 9933: 9928: 9927: 9926: 9924: 9918: 9917: 9913: 9908: 9906:Sexual slavery 9903: 9901:Sexual assault 9898: 9893: 9888: 9883: 9878: 9873: 9868: 9863: 9858: 9853: 9848: 9843: 9838: 9833: 9828: 9827: 9826: 9824: 9818: 9817: 9813: 9808: 9803: 9798: 9793: 9792: 9791: 9789: 9785: 9784: 9780: 9775: 9770: 9765: 9760: 9755: 9750: 9745: 9744: 9743: 9741: 9734: 9733: 9729: 9724: 9719: 9714: 9709: 9704: 9699: 9698: 9697: 9695: 9688: 9687: 9683: 9678: 9673: 9668: 9663: 9658: 9653: 9635: 9630: 9625: 9623:Hostage-taking 9620: 9615: 9610: 9605: 9600: 9595: 9590: 9589: 9588: 9586: 9582: 9581: 9577: 9568: 9563: 9558: 9553: 9548: 9543: 9538: 9533: 9528: 9523: 9518: 9513: 9508: 9503: 9498: 9493: 9488: 9483: 9478: 9473: 9468: 9463: 9458: 9453: 9452: 9451: 9449: 9442: 9441: 9437: 9436: 9431: 9426: 9421: 9416: 9411: 9410: 9409: 9399: 9398: 9397: 9389: 9384: 9374: 9369: 9364: 9359: 9354: 9349: 9344: 9339: 9334: 9329: 9324: 9319: 9314: 9309: 9304: 9299: 9294: 9288: 9287: 9286: 9284: 9278: 9277: 9275: 9274: 9253: 9251: 9249: 9248: 9243: 9238: 9233: 9228: 9223: 9218: 9212: 9210: 9206: 9205: 9196: 9193: 9192: 9184: 9183: 9176: 9169: 9161: 9152: 9151: 9149: 9148: 9138: 9127: 9124: 9123: 9121: 9120: 9115: 9103: 9102: 9101: 9091: 9090: 9089: 9079: 9074: 9069: 9064: 9059: 9054: 9049: 9044: 9039: 9034: 9029: 9024: 9019: 9014: 9009: 9004: 8999: 8994: 8989: 8984: 8979: 8974: 8969: 8964: 8959: 8954: 8949: 8944: 8939: 8934: 8929: 8924: 8919: 8918: 8917: 8912: 8907: 8897: 8892: 8887: 8882: 8877: 8872: 8867: 8862: 8860:Apparent death 8856: 8854: 8850: 8849: 8847: 8846: 8841: 8840: 8839: 8829: 8824: 8819: 8814: 8809: 8804: 8799: 8786: 8784: 8780: 8779: 8777: 8776: 8771: 8766: 8761: 8756: 8751: 8746: 8741: 8736: 8731: 8726: 8721: 8713: 8708: 8703: 8698: 8693: 8691:Cause of death 8688: 8683: 8681:Administration 8678: 8672: 8670: 8666: 8665: 8663: 8662: 8657: 8652: 8647: 8642: 8637: 8632: 8626: 8624: 8620: 8619: 8616: 8615: 8613: 8612: 8607: 8602: 8597: 8596: 8595: 8590: 8580: 8575: 8574: 8573: 8563: 8558: 8553: 8548: 8543: 8538: 8533: 8528: 8523: 8518: 8517: 8516: 8511: 8501: 8496: 8490: 8488: 8482: 8481: 8478: 8477: 8475: 8474: 8469: 8464: 8459: 8454: 8452:Death erection 8449: 8444: 8439: 8434: 8428: 8425: 8424: 8422: 8421: 8416: 8411: 8406: 8401: 8396: 8395: 8394: 8389: 8387:Natural burial 8378: 8376: 8370: 8369: 8367: 8366: 8361: 8356: 8351: 8346: 8341: 8336: 8335: 8334: 8329: 8318: 8316: 8312: 8311: 8309: 8308: 8303: 8298: 8293: 8288: 8283: 8278: 8273: 8267: 8265: 8258: 8247: 8243: 8242: 8240: 8239: 8234: 8229: 8228: 8227: 8220:Mortality rate 8217: 8212: 8205: 8200: 8198:Maternal death 8195: 8190: 8185: 8180: 8175: 8170: 8164: 8162: 8158: 8157: 8155: 8154: 8149: 8144: 8142:Unusual deaths 8139: 8134: 8129: 8124: 8119: 8114: 8109: 8103: 8101: 8095: 8094: 8091: 8090: 8088: 8087: 8082: 8077: 8075:Organ donation 8072: 8067: 8062: 8057: 8052: 8047: 8042: 8037: 8032: 8031: 8030: 8023:Clinical death 8020: 8019: 8018: 8008: 8003: 7998: 7992: 7989: 7988: 7986: 7985: 7980: 7975: 7970: 7965: 7960: 7955: 7950: 7945: 7940: 7935: 7934: 7933: 7928: 7923: 7918: 7913: 7908: 7903: 7898: 7893: 7888: 7883: 7873: 7872: 7871: 7866: 7861: 7856: 7851: 7846: 7841: 7836: 7825: 7823: 7814: 7810: 7809: 7802: 7801: 7794: 7787: 7779: 7773: 7772: 7766: 7760: 7755: 7748: 7747:External links 7745: 7744: 7743: 7737: 7730: 7727: 7725: 7724: 7690: 7660: 7634: 7612: 7606:978-1551305714 7605: 7587: 7554: 7523: 7494: 7491:on 2012-03-23. 7476: 7473:on 2011-10-10. 7452: 7418: 7388: 7362: 7337: 7313: 7292: 7261: 7236: 7202: 7171: 7140: 7115: 7090: 7065: 7034: 7003: 6972: 6942: 6917: 6887: 6856: 6826: 6796: 6766: 6750: 6747:on 2010-06-29. 6725: 6714:(2): 128–166. 6695: 6665: 6634: 6604: 6579: 6560: 6527: 6505: 6483: 6476: 6456: 6449: 6429: 6416: 6393: 6374: 6349: 6342: 6324: 6299: 6280: 6273: 6255: 6243: 6198: 6191: 6171: 6164: 6138: 6117:(2): 118–124. 6094: 6067: 6056:(4): 531–550. 6036: 5977: 5956: 5938: 5904: 5886: 5861: 5832: 5803: 5773: 5743: 5727: 5720: 5700: 5683: 5676: 5656: 5631: 5606: 5592: 5568: 5551: 5540:heinonline.org 5527: 5504: 5463: 5433: 5419: 5410: 5388: 5366: 5357: 5344: 5331: 5318: 5302: 5286: 5272: 5250: 5237: 5218:(4): 786–811. 5202: 5172: 5142: 5130: 5100: 5073:(4): 370–383. 5057: 5025: 5016: 4986: 4973: 4961: 4933: 4899: 4885: 4871: 4857: 4846: 4825: 4794: 4765: 4753: 4724: 4711: 4687: 4657: 4648: 4623: 4604: 4574: 4544: 4515: 4481: 4471: 4453: 4439: 4396: 4372: 4360: 4329: 4300: 4293: 4261: 4240: 4219: 4197: 4173: 4156: 4147:Daily American 4133: 4122:Marquis, Don. 4114: 4097:new script.com 4084: 4053: 4036:New York times 4021: 3996: 3973: 3960:978-0521291880 3959: 3937: 3914: 3899: 3880: 3850: 3836:978-0314201607 3835: 3815: 3813: 3810: 3807: 3806: 3792: 3778: 3777: 3775: 3772: 3770: 3769: 3764: 3759: 3754: 3749: 3744: 3739: 3734: 3729: 3724: 3719: 3714: 3709: 3704: 3699: 3694: 3689: 3684: 3679: 3674: 3669: 3664: 3659: 3654: 3648: 3646: 3643: 3641: 3640: 3638:Thrill killing 3635: 3630: 3625: 3620: 3615: 3610: 3605: 3600: 3595: 3590: 3585: 3580: 3578:Capital murder 3575: 3560: 3558: 3557:Related topics 3555: 3554: 3553: 3548: 3547: 3546: 3536: 3529: 3526: 3524: 3521: 3517:clearance rate 3508: 3505: 3474:European Union 3427:Rio de Janeiro 3402: 3399: 3349: 3346: 3342:tetraethyllead 3302:homicide rates 3289: 3286: 3266: 3260: 3254: 3248: 3242: 3236: 3222: 3219: 3206: 3203: 3199:Virgin Islands 3178: 3175: 3111:secret society 3094: 3091: 3065: 3062: 3042:is one of the 3035: 3032: 2951: 2948: 2946: 2943: 2924: 2923: 2913: 2907: 2901: 2891: 2884: 2877: 2867: 2866: 2857: 2848: 2835: 2821: 2818: 2759:Main article: 2756: 2753: 2727:Main article: 2724: 2721: 2697: 2696: 2683: 2677: 2674: 2671: 2668: 2665: 2662: 2660:torture murder 2656: 2650: 2647: 2644: 2641: 2635: 2633:sexual assault 2629: 2624: 2619: 2616: 2604: 2601: 2593:George Moscone 2576: 2573: 2558: 2555: 2530: 2527: 2521: 2520: 2511: 2507: 2502:Article 122-1 2487:N.Y. Penal Law 2483: 2460: 2459: 2456: 2410: 2407: 2386: 2383: 2352: 2349: 2348: 2347: 2343: 2316: 2313:sexual assault 2309: 2302: 2295: 2284:terminally ill 2277: 2266:criminal trial 2257: 2254: 2253: 2252: 2249: 2246: 2239: 2236: 2226: 2209: 2206: 2204: 2201: 2170: 2167: 2145:§ 1111(a) 2084:capital murder 2056: 2053: 2000: 1999: 1988: 1985: 1978: 1975:Intent to kill 1971: 1960: 1959: 1949: 1942: 1939: 1932: 1925: 1922:non-combatants 1872: 1869: 1832: 1829: 1771:Middle English 1710:Proto-Germanic 1692: 1689: 1677:incapacitation 1673:rehabilitation 1592: 1591: 1589: 1588: 1581: 1574: 1566: 1563: 1562: 1561: 1560: 1555: 1550: 1545: 1540: 1535: 1530: 1525: 1524: 1523: 1518: 1508: 1503: 1498: 1493: 1485: 1484: 1480: 1479: 1478: 1477: 1472: 1471: 1470: 1465: 1455: 1454: 1453: 1448: 1438: 1437: 1436: 1431: 1426: 1418: 1413: 1408: 1403: 1395: 1394: 1390: 1389: 1388: 1387: 1382: 1377: 1372: 1367: 1362: 1357: 1341: 1340: 1336: 1335: 1334: 1333: 1328: 1323: 1318: 1316:In English law 1310: 1309: 1303: 1302: 1301: 1300: 1299: 1298: 1288: 1283: 1281:Torture murder 1278: 1276:Thrill killing 1273: 1268: 1267: 1266: 1264:Angel of mercy 1256: 1254:Pseudocommando 1251: 1246: 1241: 1239:Murder–suicide 1236: 1231: 1226: 1221: 1216: 1211: 1206: 1201: 1196: 1191: 1190: 1189: 1179: 1178: 1177: 1167: 1162: 1157: 1152: 1147: 1142: 1137: 1132: 1127: 1122: 1106: 1105: 1099: 1098: 1092: 1091: 1083: 1082: 1080: 1079: 1072: 1065: 1057: 1054: 1053: 1052: 1051: 1043: 1042: 1038: 1037: 1036: 1035: 1020: 1015: 1010: 1005: 1000: 992: 991: 987: 986: 985: 984: 979: 974: 969: 959: 954: 949: 944: 937: 932: 927: 922: 917: 912: 907: 899: 898: 892: 891: 890: 889: 884: 879: 874: 869: 864: 856: 855: 851: 850: 849: 848: 843: 838: 833: 825: 824: 820: 819: 818: 817: 812: 807: 802: 797: 792: 787: 769: 764: 759: 757:Hostage-taking 754: 749: 744: 739: 734: 729: 721: 720: 716: 715: 714: 713: 708: 703: 698: 693: 688: 683: 675: 674: 670: 669: 668: 667: 658: 653: 648: 643: 638: 633: 628: 623: 618: 613: 608: 603: 598: 593: 588: 583: 578: 573: 568: 563: 558: 553: 548: 540: 539: 535: 534: 533: 532: 527: 525:Sexual slavery 522: 520:Sexual assault 517: 512: 507: 502: 497: 492: 487: 482: 477: 472: 467: 462: 457: 452: 444: 443: 437: 436: 435: 434: 429: 424: 419: 414: 409: 408: 407: 397: 396: 395: 385: 380: 370: 365: 360: 355: 350: 345: 340: 335: 330: 325: 320: 315: 310: 305: 300: 295: 290: 282: 281: 275: 274: 273: 272: 267: 262: 257: 249: 248: 242: 241: 240: 239: 229: 223: 210: 209: 205: 204: 203: 202: 197: 192: 187: 182: 177: 169: 168: 161: 160: 159: 158: 153: 148: 141: 131: 130: 124: 123: 117: 116: 58: 36: 30: 27: 25: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10053: 10042: 10039: 10037: 10034: 10032: 10031:Violent crime 10029: 10027: 10024: 10022: 10019: 10017: 10014: 10013: 10011: 10001: 9996: 9991: 9990: 9987: 9975: 9972: 9970: 9967: 9965: 9962: 9960: 9957: 9954: 9947: 9944: 9942: 9939: 9937: 9934: 9932: 9929: 9925: 9923: 9919: 9912: 9909: 9907: 9904: 9902: 9899: 9897: 9894: 9892: 9889: 9887: 9884: 9882: 9879: 9877: 9874: 9872: 9869: 9867: 9864: 9862: 9859: 9857: 9856:Homosexuality 9854: 9852: 9849: 9847: 9844: 9842: 9839: 9837: 9834: 9832: 9829: 9825: 9823: 9819: 9812: 9809: 9807: 9804: 9802: 9799: 9797: 9794: 9790: 9786: 9779: 9776: 9774: 9771: 9769: 9766: 9764: 9761: 9759: 9756: 9754: 9751: 9749: 9746: 9742: 9740: 9735: 9728: 9725: 9723: 9720: 9718: 9715: 9713: 9710: 9708: 9705: 9703: 9700: 9696: 9694: 9689: 9682: 9679: 9677: 9674: 9672: 9669: 9667: 9664: 9662: 9659: 9657: 9656:Miscegenation 9654: 9651: 9647: 9643: 9639: 9636: 9634: 9631: 9629: 9626: 9624: 9621: 9619: 9616: 9614: 9611: 9609: 9606: 9604: 9601: 9599: 9596: 9594: 9591: 9587: 9583: 9576: 9572: 9569: 9567: 9564: 9562: 9559: 9557: 9554: 9552: 9549: 9547: 9544: 9542: 9539: 9537: 9536:Pickpocketing 9534: 9532: 9529: 9527: 9524: 9522: 9519: 9517: 9514: 9512: 9509: 9507: 9504: 9502: 9499: 9497: 9494: 9492: 9489: 9487: 9484: 9482: 9479: 9477: 9474: 9472: 9469: 9467: 9464: 9462: 9459: 9457: 9454: 9450: 9448: 9443: 9435: 9432: 9430: 9427: 9425: 9422: 9420: 9417: 9415: 9412: 9408: 9405: 9404: 9403: 9400: 9396: 9393: 9392: 9390: 9388: 9385: 9382: 9378: 9375: 9373: 9370: 9368: 9365: 9363: 9360: 9358: 9355: 9353: 9350: 9348: 9345: 9343: 9342:Home invasion 9340: 9338: 9335: 9333: 9330: 9328: 9325: 9323: 9320: 9318: 9315: 9313: 9310: 9308: 9305: 9303: 9300: 9298: 9295: 9293: 9292:Assassination 9290: 9289: 9285: 9283: 9279: 9272: 9266: 9261: 9257: 9247: 9244: 9242: 9239: 9237: 9234: 9232: 9229: 9227: 9224: 9222: 9219: 9217: 9214: 9213: 9211: 9207: 9203: 9201: 9194: 9190: 9182: 9177: 9175: 9170: 9168: 9163: 9162: 9159: 9147: 9139: 9137: 9129: 9128: 9125: 9119: 9116: 9112: 9107: 9104: 9100: 9097: 9096: 9095: 9092: 9088: 9085: 9084: 9083: 9080: 9078: 9075: 9073: 9070: 9068: 9065: 9063: 9060: 9058: 9055: 9053: 9050: 9048: 9045: 9043: 9040: 9038: 9035: 9033: 9030: 9028: 9025: 9023: 9020: 9018: 9015: 9013: 9010: 9008: 9005: 9003: 9000: 8998: 8995: 8993: 8990: 8988: 8985: 8983: 8980: 8978: 8975: 8973: 8970: 8968: 8965: 8963: 8960: 8958: 8955: 8953: 8950: 8948: 8945: 8943: 8940: 8938: 8935: 8933: 8930: 8928: 8925: 8923: 8920: 8916: 8913: 8911: 8908: 8906: 8903: 8902: 8901: 8898: 8896: 8895:Death anxiety 8893: 8891: 8888: 8886: 8883: 8881: 8880:Darwin Awards 8878: 8876: 8873: 8871: 8868: 8866: 8863: 8861: 8858: 8857: 8855: 8851: 8845: 8842: 8838: 8837:Biostratinomy 8835: 8834: 8833: 8830: 8828: 8825: 8823: 8820: 8818: 8815: 8813: 8810: 8808: 8805: 8803: 8800: 8796: 8791: 8788: 8787: 8785: 8781: 8775: 8772: 8770: 8767: 8765: 8762: 8760: 8757: 8755: 8752: 8750: 8749:Necropolitics 8747: 8745: 8742: 8740: 8737: 8735: 8732: 8730: 8727: 8725: 8722: 8720: 8719: 8714: 8712: 8709: 8707: 8704: 8702: 8699: 8697: 8694: 8692: 8689: 8687: 8684: 8682: 8679: 8677: 8674: 8673: 8671: 8667: 8661: 8658: 8656: 8653: 8651: 8648: 8646: 8643: 8641: 8638: 8636: 8633: 8631: 8628: 8627: 8625: 8621: 8611: 8608: 8606: 8603: 8601: 8598: 8594: 8591: 8589: 8586: 8585: 8584: 8583:Reincarnation 8581: 8579: 8576: 8572: 8569: 8568: 8567: 8564: 8562: 8559: 8557: 8554: 8552: 8549: 8547: 8544: 8542: 8539: 8537: 8534: 8532: 8529: 8527: 8524: 8522: 8519: 8515: 8512: 8510: 8507: 8506: 8505: 8502: 8500: 8497: 8495: 8492: 8491: 8489: 8487: 8486:Other aspects 8483: 8473: 8470: 8468: 8465: 8463: 8460: 8458: 8455: 8453: 8450: 8448: 8445: 8443: 8440: 8438: 8437:Body donation 8435: 8433: 8430: 8429: 8426: 8420: 8417: 8415: 8412: 8410: 8407: 8405: 8404:Dismemberment 8402: 8400: 8397: 8393: 8390: 8388: 8385: 8384: 8383: 8380: 8379: 8377: 8375: 8371: 8365: 8362: 8360: 8357: 8355: 8352: 8350: 8349:Mummification 8347: 8345: 8342: 8340: 8337: 8333: 8330: 8328: 8325: 8324: 8323: 8320: 8319: 8317: 8313: 8307: 8306:Fossilization 8304: 8302: 8299: 8297: 8296:Decomposition 8294: 8292: 8289: 8287: 8284: 8282: 8279: 8277: 8274: 8272: 8271:Pallor mortis 8269: 8268: 8266: 8262: 8259: 8257: 8256: 8251: 8248: 8244: 8238: 8235: 8233: 8230: 8226: 8223: 8222: 8221: 8218: 8216: 8213: 8211: 8210: 8206: 8204: 8201: 8199: 8196: 8194: 8191: 8189: 8186: 8184: 8181: 8179: 8176: 8174: 8171: 8169: 8166: 8165: 8163: 8159: 8153: 8150: 8148: 8145: 8143: 8140: 8138: 8135: 8133: 8130: 8128: 8125: 8123: 8120: 8118: 8115: 8113: 8110: 8108: 8105: 8104: 8102: 8100: 8096: 8086: 8083: 8081: 8078: 8076: 8073: 8071: 8068: 8066: 8063: 8061: 8058: 8056: 8053: 8051: 8048: 8046: 8043: 8041: 8038: 8036: 8033: 8029: 8026: 8025: 8024: 8021: 8017: 8014: 8013: 8012: 8009: 8007: 8004: 8002: 7999: 7997: 7994: 7993: 7990: 7984: 7981: 7979: 7976: 7974: 7971: 7969: 7966: 7964: 7961: 7959: 7956: 7954: 7951: 7949: 7946: 7944: 7941: 7939: 7936: 7932: 7929: 7927: 7924: 7922: 7919: 7917: 7914: 7912: 7909: 7907: 7904: 7902: 7899: 7897: 7894: 7892: 7889: 7887: 7884: 7882: 7879: 7878: 7877: 7874: 7870: 7867: 7865: 7862: 7860: 7857: 7855: 7852: 7850: 7847: 7845: 7842: 7840: 7837: 7835: 7832: 7831: 7830: 7827: 7826: 7824: 7822: 7818: 7815: 7811: 7807: 7800: 7795: 7793: 7788: 7786: 7781: 7780: 7777: 7770: 7767: 7764: 7761: 7759: 7756: 7754: 7751: 7750: 7741: 7738: 7736: 7733: 7732: 7712: 7708: 7704: 7697: 7695: 7678: 7674: 7667: 7665: 7650:on 2012-07-01 7649: 7645: 7638: 7623: 7616: 7608: 7602: 7598: 7591: 7585: 7584:1-59033-970-3 7581: 7577: 7573: 7572: 7568: 7565: 7558: 7547: 7543: 7536: 7535: 7527: 7521: 7520:1-4129-6047-9 7517: 7513: 7512: 7508: 7505: 7498: 7490: 7486: 7480: 7469: 7462: 7456: 7439: 7435: 7431: 7425: 7423: 7406: 7402: 7398: 7392: 7376: 7372: 7366: 7352:on 2010-06-12 7351: 7347: 7341: 7334: 7330: 7326: 7323: 7317: 7303: 7296: 7278: 7271: 7265: 7250: 7246: 7240: 7222: 7215: 7209: 7207: 7188: 7181: 7175: 7157: 7150: 7144: 7129: 7125: 7119: 7104: 7100: 7094: 7079: 7075: 7069: 7051: 7044: 7038: 7024:on 2011-10-16 7020: 7013: 7007: 6989: 6982: 6976: 6961: 6957: 6953: 6946: 6931: 6927: 6921: 6905: 6901: 6897: 6891: 6874: 6870: 6866: 6860: 6844: 6840: 6836: 6830: 6814: 6810: 6806: 6800: 6785: 6781: 6777: 6770: 6764: 6763:0-06-073132-X 6760: 6754: 6743: 6736: 6729: 6721: 6717: 6713: 6709: 6702: 6700: 6683: 6679: 6675: 6669: 6662: 6658: 6654: 6651: 6647: 6641: 6639: 6623: 6619: 6615: 6608: 6593: 6589: 6583: 6575: 6571: 6564: 6553:September 17, 6548: 6544: 6543: 6538: 6531: 6524: 6523: 6519: 6516: 6509: 6493: 6487: 6479: 6473: 6469: 6468: 6460: 6452: 6446: 6442: 6441: 6433: 6426: 6420: 6412: 6408: 6404: 6397: 6390:(in Spanish). 6389: 6385: 6378: 6364:on 2010-12-19 6363: 6359: 6353: 6345: 6339: 6335: 6328: 6313: 6309: 6303: 6295: 6291: 6284: 6276: 6270: 6266: 6259: 6252: 6247: 6239: 6235: 6231: 6227: 6223: 6219: 6215: 6211: 6210: 6202: 6194: 6188: 6184: 6183: 6175: 6167: 6161: 6157: 6153: 6149: 6142: 6134: 6130: 6125: 6120: 6116: 6112: 6108: 6101: 6099: 6090: 6086: 6082: 6078: 6071: 6063: 6059: 6055: 6051: 6047: 6040: 6032: 6028: 6023: 6018: 6013: 6008: 6004: 6000: 5996: 5992: 5988: 5981: 5973: 5967: 5959: 5957:9780128125298 5953: 5949: 5942: 5931: 5927: 5926: 5918: 5911: 5909: 5900: 5896: 5890: 5883: 5880: 5876: 5872: 5871: 5865: 5850: 5846: 5844: 5836: 5821: 5817: 5815: 5807: 5792: 5788: 5784: 5777: 5761: 5757: 5753: 5747: 5740: 5737: 5731: 5723: 5717: 5713: 5712: 5704: 5696: 5695: 5687: 5679: 5673: 5669: 5668: 5660: 5645: 5641: 5635: 5620: 5616: 5610: 5602: 5596: 5582: 5578: 5572: 5561: 5555: 5541: 5537: 5536:"Hein Online" 5531: 5523: 5519: 5515: 5508: 5489: 5485: 5481: 5474: 5467: 5451: 5447: 5443: 5437: 5429: 5423: 5414: 5406: 5402: 5398: 5392: 5384: 5380: 5376: 5370: 5361: 5354: 5348: 5341: 5335: 5328: 5322: 5315: 5311: 5306: 5299: 5293: 5291: 5282: 5276: 5268: 5264: 5260: 5254: 5247: 5241: 5233: 5229: 5225: 5221: 5217: 5213: 5206: 5192:on 2007-11-02 5191: 5187: 5183: 5176: 5162:on 2007-11-02 5161: 5157: 5153: 5146: 5139: 5134: 5118: 5114: 5110: 5104: 5096: 5092: 5088: 5084: 5080: 5076: 5072: 5068: 5061: 5045: 5041: 5040: 5035: 5029: 5020: 5013: 5000: 4996: 4990: 4983: 4977: 4970: 4965: 4958: 4954: 4951: 4947: 4942: 4940: 4938: 4930: 4918: 4914: 4910: 4903: 4895: 4889: 4881: 4875: 4867: 4861: 4853: 4849: 4843: 4839: 4835: 4829: 4811: 4804: 4798: 4783: 4779: 4775: 4769: 4763: 4757: 4742: 4738: 4734: 4728: 4714: 4708: 4704: 4703: 4699: 4691: 4676: 4672: 4668: 4661: 4652: 4638:on 2010-12-03 4637: 4633: 4627: 4619: 4615: 4608: 4592: 4588: 4584: 4578: 4562: 4558: 4554: 4548: 4533: 4529: 4525: 4519: 4504: 4500: 4496: 4492: 4485: 4475: 4468:(in Spanish). 4467: 4463: 4457: 4449: 4443: 4436: 4432: 4429:, (1991) 172 4428: 4424: 4420: 4416: 4413:, (1985) 156 4412: 4408: 4407: 4400: 4393: 4389: 4386: 4382: 4376: 4369: 4364: 4348: 4344: 4340: 4333: 4325: 4319: 4311: 4304: 4296: 4290: 4286: 4282: 4276: 4274: 4272: 4270: 4268: 4266: 4257: 4251: 4243: 4241:9781474320184 4237: 4233: 4226: 4224: 4214: 4210: 4209: 4201: 4187: 4183: 4177: 4166: 4160: 4152: 4148: 4144: 4137: 4129: 4128:web.csulb.edu 4125: 4118: 4102: 4098: 4094: 4088: 4072: 4068: 4064: 4057: 4041: 4037: 4033: 4025: 4009: 4008: 4000: 3993: 3989: 3985: 3982: 3977: 3962: 3956: 3951: 3950: 3941: 3933: 3929: 3925: 3918: 3902: 3900:9780553583229 3896: 3892: 3891: 3884: 3868: 3864: 3860: 3854: 3838: 3832: 3828: 3827: 3820: 3816: 3802: 3796: 3789: 3783: 3779: 3768: 3767:United States 3765: 3763: 3760: 3758: 3755: 3753: 3750: 3748: 3745: 3743: 3740: 3738: 3735: 3733: 3730: 3728: 3725: 3723: 3720: 3718: 3715: 3713: 3710: 3708: 3705: 3703: 3700: 3698: 3695: 3693: 3690: 3688: 3685: 3683: 3680: 3678: 3675: 3673: 3670: 3668: 3665: 3663: 3660: 3658: 3655: 3653: 3650: 3649: 3639: 3636: 3634: 3631: 3629: 3626: 3624: 3621: 3619: 3616: 3614: 3611: 3609: 3606: 3604: 3601: 3599: 3596: 3594: 3591: 3589: 3586: 3584: 3581: 3579: 3576: 3573: 3569: 3568:head of state 3565: 3564:Assassination 3562: 3561: 3552: 3549: 3545: 3542: 3541: 3540: 3537: 3535: 3532: 3531: 3528:Related lists 3520: 3518: 3514: 3507:Investigation 3504: 3502: 3498: 3494: 3493:Massachusetts 3490: 3486: 3481: 3479: 3475: 3470: 3466: 3461: 3458: 3456: 3452: 3448: 3444: 3440: 3435: 3428: 3423: 3416: 3412: 3407: 3401:United States 3398: 3394: 3391: 3385: 3381: 3377: 3368: 3364: 3362: 3358: 3357:Western world 3354: 3345: 3343: 3339: 3335: 3329: 3322: 3318: 3313: 3309: 3305: 3303: 3294: 3285: 3283: 3278: 3233: 3228: 3218: 3216: 3212: 3202: 3200: 3196: 3192: 3188: 3184: 3174: 3172: 3168: 3164: 3160: 3156: 3152: 3151:Aztec Warfare 3148: 3144: 3140: 3136: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3112: 3108: 3105:, a militant 3104: 3101:derives from 3100: 3090: 3087: 3084: 3081: 3079: 3078:greatest sins 3076:, one of the 3075: 3071: 3061: 3059: 3056: 3052: 3049: 3045: 3041: 3031: 3029: 3025: 3020: 3018: 3014: 3010: 3006: 3005:blood revenge 3000: 2998: 2994: 2989: 2985: 2979: 2977: 2973: 2969: 2961: 2956: 2942: 2940: 2936: 2931: 2929: 2921: 2917: 2914: 2911: 2908: 2905: 2902: 2899: 2895: 2894:Hyperglycemia 2892: 2889: 2885: 2882: 2879:Reduction in 2878: 2875: 2872: 2871: 2870: 2864: 2862: 2858: 2855: 2853: 2849: 2846: 2842: 2840: 2836: 2833: 2831: 2827: 2826: 2825: 2817: 2813: 2811: 2807: 2806:Ex Post Facto 2803: 2797: 2796:'s approval. 2795: 2791: 2786: 2782: 2780: 2776: 2772: 2768: 2762: 2752: 2749: 2743: 2741: 2736: 2730: 2720: 2718: 2717:life sentence 2714: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2694: 2690: 2689: 2684: 2681: 2678: 2675: 2672: 2669: 2666: 2663: 2661: 2657: 2655: 2651: 2648: 2645: 2642: 2640: 2636: 2634: 2630: 2628: 2625: 2623: 2622:Lying in wait 2620: 2617: 2615:Premeditation 2614: 2613: 2612: 2610: 2600: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2589:assassination 2586: 2582: 2572: 2569: 2565: 2557:Unintentional 2554: 2551: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2535: 2526: 2517: 2508: 2505: 2504: 2503: 2499: 2497: 2488: 2482: 2478: 2476: 2468: 2464: 2457: 2454: 2450: 2449: 2448: 2445: 2441: 2437: 2433: 2432:schizophrenia 2429: 2425: 2420: 2416: 2406: 2404: 2400: 2396: 2392: 2382: 2380: 2375: 2371: 2368: 2364: 2360: 2358: 2344: 2341: 2337: 2333: 2329: 2328:honor killing 2325: 2321: 2317: 2314: 2310: 2307: 2303: 2300: 2296: 2293: 2289: 2288:double effect 2285: 2281: 2278: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2260: 2259: 2250: 2247: 2244: 2240: 2237: 2234: 2230: 2227: 2224: 2220: 2215: 2214: 2213: 2200: 2198: 2193: 2188: 2186: 2185: 2180: 2176: 2166: 2164: 2160: 2156: 2151: 2150:criminal code 2146: 2142: 2137: 2133: 2132:death penalty 2129: 2125: 2124:life sentence 2120: 2115: 2113: 2112:felony murder 2109: 2105: 2101: 2100:lying in wait 2097: 2093: 2092:strangulation 2087: 2085: 2081: 2077: 2070: 2069: 2064: 2063: 2052: 2050: 2044: 2042: 2038: 2034: 2029: 2027: 2023: 2017: 2013: 2010: 2009:deadly weapon 2006: 1997: 1996:felony murder 1993: 1989: 1986: 1983: 1979: 1976: 1973: 1972: 1970: 1967: 1965: 1956: 1955: 1950: 1947: 1943: 1940: 1937: 1933: 1930: 1926: 1924:during a war. 1923: 1919: 1915: 1911: 1907: 1906: 1905: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1892: 1888: 1887: 1882: 1878: 1868: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1851:Opponents of 1849: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1828: 1826: 1825: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1796: 1793: 1789: 1786: 1782: 1779: 1775: 1772: 1768: 1763: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1726: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1705: 1701: 1698: 1688: 1686: 1682: 1681:life sentence 1678: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1661: 1659: 1658:guilty intent 1655: 1653: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1635: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1609:justification 1606: 1602: 1598: 1587: 1582: 1580: 1575: 1573: 1568: 1567: 1565: 1564: 1559: 1556: 1554: 1551: 1549: 1546: 1544: 1541: 1539: 1536: 1534: 1531: 1529: 1526: 1522: 1519: 1517: 1514: 1513: 1512: 1509: 1507: 1506:Friendly fire 1504: 1502: 1499: 1497: 1494: 1492: 1489: 1488: 1487: 1486: 1482: 1481: 1476: 1473: 1469: 1466: 1464: 1461: 1460: 1459: 1456: 1452: 1449: 1447: 1444: 1443: 1442: 1439: 1435: 1432: 1430: 1427: 1425: 1422: 1421: 1419: 1417: 1414: 1412: 1409: 1407: 1404: 1402: 1399: 1398: 1397: 1396: 1392: 1391: 1386: 1383: 1381: 1378: 1376: 1373: 1371: 1368: 1366: 1363: 1361: 1358: 1356: 1353: 1352: 1351: 1350: 1349: 1343: 1342: 1338: 1337: 1332: 1329: 1327: 1324: 1322: 1319: 1317: 1314: 1313: 1312: 1311: 1308: 1305: 1304: 1297: 1294: 1293: 1292: 1289: 1287: 1284: 1282: 1279: 1277: 1274: 1272: 1269: 1265: 1262: 1261: 1260: 1259:Serial killer 1257: 1255: 1252: 1250: 1247: 1245: 1242: 1240: 1237: 1235: 1232: 1230: 1227: 1225: 1224:Mass stabbing 1222: 1220: 1219:Mass shooting 1217: 1215: 1212: 1210: 1207: 1205: 1202: 1200: 1197: 1195: 1192: 1188: 1185: 1184: 1183: 1180: 1176: 1173: 1172: 1171: 1168: 1166: 1165:Honor killing 1163: 1161: 1158: 1156: 1153: 1151: 1148: 1146: 1143: 1141: 1138: 1136: 1133: 1131: 1128: 1126: 1123: 1121: 1120:Assassination 1118: 1117: 1116: 1115: 1114: 1108: 1107: 1104: 1101: 1100: 1097: 1094: 1093: 1089: 1088: 1078: 1073: 1071: 1066: 1064: 1059: 1058: 1056: 1055: 1050: 1047: 1046: 1045: 1044: 1040: 1039: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1019: 1016: 1014: 1011: 1009: 1006: 1004: 1001: 999: 996: 995: 994: 993: 989: 988: 983: 980: 978: 975: 973: 970: 967: 963: 960: 958: 957:Justification 955: 953: 950: 948: 945: 943: 942: 938: 936: 933: 931: 928: 926: 923: 921: 918: 916: 913: 911: 908: 906: 903: 902: 901: 900: 897: 894: 893: 888: 885: 883: 880: 878: 875: 873: 870: 868: 865: 863: 860: 859: 858: 857: 853: 852: 847: 844: 842: 839: 837: 834: 832: 829: 828: 827: 826: 822: 821: 816: 813: 811: 808: 806: 803: 801: 798: 796: 793: 791: 790:Miscegenation 788: 785: 781: 777: 773: 770: 768: 765: 763: 760: 758: 755: 753: 750: 748: 745: 743: 740: 738: 735: 733: 730: 728: 725: 724: 723: 722: 718: 717: 712: 709: 707: 704: 702: 699: 697: 694: 692: 689: 687: 684: 682: 679: 678: 677: 676: 672: 671: 666: 662: 659: 657: 654: 652: 649: 647: 644: 642: 639: 637: 634: 632: 629: 627: 626:Pickpocketing 624: 622: 619: 617: 614: 612: 609: 607: 604: 602: 599: 597: 594: 592: 589: 587: 584: 582: 579: 577: 574: 572: 569: 567: 564: 562: 559: 557: 554: 552: 549: 547: 544: 543: 542: 541: 537: 536: 531: 528: 526: 523: 521: 518: 516: 513: 511: 508: 506: 503: 501: 498: 496: 493: 491: 488: 486: 483: 481: 478: 476: 475:Homosexuality 473: 471: 468: 466: 463: 461: 458: 456: 453: 451: 448: 447: 446: 445: 442: 439: 438: 433: 430: 428: 425: 423: 420: 418: 415: 413: 410: 406: 403: 402: 401: 398: 394: 391: 390: 389: 386: 384: 381: 378: 374: 371: 369: 366: 364: 361: 359: 356: 354: 351: 349: 346: 344: 341: 339: 338:Home invasion 336: 334: 331: 329: 326: 324: 321: 319: 316: 314: 311: 309: 306: 304: 301: 299: 296: 294: 291: 289: 288:Assassination 286: 285: 284: 283: 280: 277: 276: 271: 268: 266: 263: 261: 258: 256: 253: 252: 251: 250: 247: 244: 243: 237: 233: 230: 227: 224: 221: 217: 214: 213: 212: 211: 207: 206: 201: 198: 196: 193: 191: 188: 186: 183: 181: 178: 176: 173: 172: 171: 170: 167: 163: 162: 157: 154: 152: 149: 147: 146: 142: 140: 139: 135: 134: 133: 132: 129: 126: 125: 122: 119: 118: 114: 110: 109: 97: 93: 89: 83: 82: 81:Double Murder 74: 67: 62: 48: 44: 40: 33: 28: 19: 9946:Solicitation 9881:Prostitution 9871:Masturbation 9702:Lèse-majesté 9691:Against the 9486:Embezzlement 9377:Manslaughter 9362:Intimidation 9200:jurisdiction 9197: 8992:Death threat 8875:Dark tourism 8817:Necrobiology 8759:Right to die 8743: 8717: 8676:Abortion law 8600:Resurrection 8588:Palingenesis 8485: 8447:Coffin birth 8354:Plastination 8315:Preservation 8291:Putrefaction 8286:Rigor mortis 8281:Algor mortis 8276:Livor mortis 8253: 8209:Memento mori 8207: 8060:Lazarus sign 8040:Death rattle 7983:Suicide gene 7968:Karyorrhexis 7859:Fat necrosis 7729:Bibliography 7717:10 September 7715:. Retrieved 7706: 7683:10 September 7681:. Retrieved 7652:. Retrieved 7648:the original 7637: 7625:. Retrieved 7615: 7596: 7590: 7562: 7557: 7533: 7526: 7502: 7497: 7489:the original 7479: 7468:the original 7455: 7444:10 September 7442:. Retrieved 7433: 7411:10 September 7409:. Retrieved 7400: 7391: 7381:10 September 7379:. Retrieved 7365: 7354:. Retrieved 7350:the original 7340: 7316: 7305:. Retrieved 7295: 7284:. Retrieved 7264: 7253:. Retrieved 7239: 7228:. Retrieved 7194:. Retrieved 7174: 7163:. Retrieved 7143: 7132:. Retrieved 7118: 7107:. Retrieved 7093: 7082:. Retrieved 7068: 7057:. Retrieved 7037: 7026:. Retrieved 7019:the original 7006: 6995:. Retrieved 6975: 6964:. Retrieved 6955: 6945: 6934:. Retrieved 6920: 6910:10 September 6908:. Retrieved 6899: 6890: 6879:10 September 6877:. Retrieved 6868: 6859: 6847:. Retrieved 6838: 6829: 6817:. Retrieved 6808: 6799: 6788:. Retrieved 6780:Mother Jones 6779: 6769: 6753: 6742:the original 6728: 6711: 6707: 6688:10 September 6686:. Retrieved 6677: 6668: 6645: 6626:. Retrieved 6617: 6607: 6596:. Retrieved 6582: 6576:(in German). 6573: 6563: 6551:. Retrieved 6540: 6530: 6513: 6508: 6498:14 September 6496:. Retrieved 6486: 6466: 6459: 6439: 6432: 6424: 6419: 6410: 6406: 6396: 6387: 6377: 6366:. Retrieved 6362:the original 6352: 6333: 6327: 6316:. Retrieved 6302: 6294:The Guardian 6293: 6283: 6264: 6258: 6250: 6246: 6213: 6207: 6201: 6181: 6174: 6147: 6141: 6114: 6110: 6080: 6070: 6053: 6049: 6039: 5994: 5990: 5980: 5947: 5941: 5923: 5889: 5884: (2001). 5868: 5864: 5853:. Retrieved 5842: 5835: 5824:. Retrieved 5813: 5806: 5795:. Retrieved 5786: 5776: 5764:. Retrieved 5755: 5746: 5735: 5730: 5710: 5703: 5693: 5686: 5666: 5659: 5648:. Retrieved 5643: 5634: 5623:. Retrieved 5621:(in Italian) 5618: 5609: 5595: 5584:. Retrieved 5580: 5571: 5554: 5543:. Retrieved 5539: 5530: 5517: 5507: 5497:10 September 5495:. Retrieved 5483: 5479: 5466: 5456:10 September 5454:. Retrieved 5445: 5436: 5422: 5413: 5400: 5391: 5383:the original 5378: 5369: 5360: 5347: 5334: 5321: 5309: 5305: 5275: 5267:the original 5262: 5253: 5240: 5215: 5211: 5205: 5194:. Retrieved 5190:the original 5185: 5175: 5164:. Retrieved 5160:the original 5155: 5145: 5133: 5121:. Retrieved 5112: 5103: 5070: 5066: 5060: 5048:. Retrieved 5037: 5028: 5019: 5003:. Retrieved 4989: 4976: 4968: 4964: 4945: 4928: 4921:. Retrieved 4912: 4902: 4888: 4874: 4860: 4838:Criminal Law 4837: 4828: 4817:. Retrieved 4797: 4786:. Retrieved 4777: 4768: 4756: 4745:. Retrieved 4736: 4727: 4716:. Retrieved 4701: 4697: 4690: 4679:. Retrieved 4670: 4660: 4651: 4640:. Retrieved 4636:the original 4626: 4617: 4607: 4597:10 September 4595:. Retrieved 4586: 4577: 4567:10 September 4565:. Retrieved 4556: 4547: 4536:. Retrieved 4527: 4518: 4507:. Retrieved 4498: 4494: 4484: 4474: 4465: 4456: 4442: 4422: 4403: 4399: 4380: 4375: 4367: 4363: 4353:10 September 4351:. Retrieved 4342: 4332: 4309: 4303: 4284: 4231: 4207: 4200: 4189:. Retrieved 4185: 4176: 4159: 4146: 4136: 4127: 4117: 4105:. Retrieved 4096: 4087: 4075:. Retrieved 4066: 4056: 4044:. Retrieved 4035: 4024: 4014:10 September 4012:. Retrieved 4006: 3999: 3991: 3976: 3966:10 September 3964:. Retrieved 3948: 3940: 3928:The Guardian 3927: 3917: 3906:10 September 3904:. Retrieved 3889: 3883: 3873:10 September 3871:. Retrieved 3862: 3853: 3842:10 September 3840:. Retrieved 3825: 3819: 3795: 3788:malice (law) 3782: 3583:Child murder 3510: 3482: 3462: 3459: 3436: 3432: 3395: 3373: 3353:Murder rates 3351: 3330: 3326: 3306: 3299: 3274: 3270: >20 3208: 3195:Arthur Hodge 3190: 3180: 3150: 3149:, author of 3098: 3096: 3088: 3085: 3082: 3067: 3037: 3021: 3002: 2981: 2965: 2932: 2925: 2916:Malnutrition 2898:Hypoglycemia 2874:Testosterone 2868: 2859: 2850: 2837: 2828: 2823: 2814: 2798: 2787: 2783: 2764: 2751:to survive. 2744: 2732: 2701:first-degree 2698: 2686: 2606: 2578: 2566:constitutes 2564:manslaughter 2560: 2532: 2523: 2501: 2493: 2480: 2472: 2467:Aaron Alexis 2422: 2403:side-effects 2388: 2379:Stanley Mosk 2361: 2354: 2320:family honor 2229:Self-defense 2211: 2189: 2182: 2179:public wrong 2178: 2172: 2162: 2158: 2116: 2088: 2073: 2067: 2061: 2045: 2040: 2032: 2030: 2021: 2018: 2014: 2004: 2002: 1998:" doctrine). 1968: 1964:manslaughter 1961: 1952: 1910:self-defense 1903: 1900: 1896: 1889:set out the 1884: 1874: 1861:legal person 1850: 1834: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1787: 1780: 1773: 1766: 1764: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1717: 1713: 1708: 1703: 1699: 1694: 1662: 1654:manslaughter 1651: 1633: 1629:manslaughter 1621:jurisdiction 1596: 1595: 1348:jurisdiction 1345: 1344: 1307:Manslaughter 1271:Spree killer 1249:Proxy murder 1130:Child murder 1113:jurisdiction 1110: 1109: 1102: 982:Self-defense 939: 862:Lèse-majesté 576:Embezzlement 500:Prostitution 490:Masturbation 387: 373:Manslaughter 358:Intimidation 270:Solicitation 143: 136: 121:Criminal law 91: 80: 61: 46: 37:This is the 31: 9851:Fornication 9768:Obstruction 9748:Compounding 9556:Tax evasion 9307:Child abuse 9221:Misdemeanor 9109: [ 9067:Necrophobia 9062:Necrophilia 9032:Immortality 8987:Death squad 8967:Death panel 8952:Death march 8947:Death knell 8927:Death drive 8900:Death deity 8844:Thanatology 8793: [ 8739:Legal death 8718:in absentia 8696:Civil death 8541:Examination 8526:Crematorium 8409:Excarnation 8246:After death 8045:Dysthanasia 8011:Brain death 7943:Autoschizis 7921:Phenoptosis 7916:Parthanatos 7906:Necroptosis 7813:In medicine 7627:21 December 7126:. Rosstat. 6661:Jill Lepore 6413:(4): 46–51. 6224:: 159–168. 6083:: 161–174. 6050:Criminology 5646:(in German) 5644:Jura Online 5619:Brocardi.it 4528:findlaw.com 4028:See, e.g., 3804:treatments. 3762:Switzerland 3722:Netherlands 3603:Mass murder 3598:Letting die 3478:too complex 3465:gun control 3455:trauma care 3388:full table 3334:Prohibition 3321:Middle Ages 3264: 10–20 3187:Mississippi 3171:lower class 3161:. Japanese 3147:Ross Hassig 3103:Hashshashin 3055:Deuteronomy 2958:A group of 2680:Hate crimes 2597:Harvey Milk 2538:infanticide 2370:section 187 2270:due process 2243:provocation 2223:Laws of war 2184:malum in se 2155:Netherlands 2136:federal law 1881:Edward Coke 1841:journalists 1819:*murþrijaną 1733:*murþrijaną 1722:Old English 1665:retribution 1652:Involuntary 1643:provocation 1603:of another 1553:Tyrannicide 1491:Crucifixion 1434:Neonaticide 1429:Infanticide 1214:Mass murder 1204:Lust murder 977:Provocation 701:Obstruction 681:Compounding 646:Tax evasion 470:Fornication 303:Child abuse 232:Misdemeanor 156:Concurrence 103: 1600 10010:Categories 9959:WikiSource 9941:Incitement 9936:Conspiracy 9811:Bestiality 9763:Misprision 9727:Subversion 9681:War crimes 9676:Usurpation 9603:Corruption 9481:Cybercrime 9367:Kidnapping 9347:Hate crime 9337:Harassment 9317:Defamation 9271:Law portal 9246:Corruption 9236:Indictable 9216:Infraction 9037:Last rites 9007:Extinction 8977:Death pose 8972:Death poem 8942:Death hoax 8922:Death camp 8915:Psychopomp 8790:Death tech 8645:Necromancy 8623:Paranormal 8605:Underworld 8457:Dissection 8419:Resomation 8414:Promession 8392:Sky burial 8359:Prosection 8344:Maceration 8055:Euthanasia 7973:Karyolysis 7931:Pyroptosis 7911:Paraptosis 7821:Cell death 7654:2010-06-25 7356:2010-06-25 7307:2020-07-28 7286:2012-06-11 7255:2012-06-10 7230:2012-06-18 7196:2011-08-02 7165:2012-06-05 7134:2011-04-03 7109:2011-09-14 7084:2012-06-05 7059:2012-06-05 7028:2011-09-11 6997:2012-06-05 6966:2010-04-30 6936:2012-06-05 6900:Infoplease 6790:2017-08-14 6628:2011-01-27 6598:2010-06-25 6368:2010-06-25 6318:2013-04-23 5855:2015-06-14 5826:2015-06-14 5797:2015-02-28 5650:2024-02-29 5625:2024-02-29 5586:2024-02-29 5545:2024-02-29 5314:s 19B 5263:Justia Law 5196:2007-11-01 5166:2007-11-01 5005:2007-10-23 4819:2017-10-03 4788:2014-10-23 4778:Yahoo News 4747:2014-10-23 4718:2010-06-25 4681:2007-11-01 4642:2010-06-25 4538:2018-03-13 4509:2018-03-13 4435:High Court 4423:Royall v R 4419:High Court 4191:2020-09-13 4107:October 2, 4077:October 3, 3930:. London. 3812:References 3618:Nonkilling 3544:Axe murder 3501:California 3495:to 76% in 3282:bellwether 3258: 5–10 3225:See also: 3155:sacrificed 2993:headhunter 2845:mercy kill 2808:Clause of 2740:Ryan Holle 2705:aggravated 2693:German law 2639:kidnapping 2494:Under the 2442:and other 2440:sociopathy 2430:caused by 2395:Depression 2367:penal code 2363:California 2299:sex worker 2280:Euthanasia 2219:war crimes 2203:Exclusions 2175:common law 2169:Common law 1914:combatants 1891:common law 1883:), in his 1871:Definition 1837:defamation 1778:Old French 1720:), whence 1706:"to die". 1669:deterrence 1627:, such as 1511:Gendercide 1451:Sororicide 1446:Fratricide 1420:Prolicide 1411:Mariticide 1406:Familicide 1370:Euthanasia 935:Entrapment 910:Automatism 887:Subversion 846:Bestiality 815:War crimes 810:Usurpation 737:Corruption 696:Misprision 571:Cybercrime 363:Kidnapping 343:Hate crime 333:Harassment 313:Defamation 265:Incitement 260:Conspiracy 226:Infraction 185:Complicity 180:Accomplice 138:Actus reus 9969:Wikiquote 9911:Voyeurism 9891:Pederasty 9876:Obscenity 9717:Secession 9712:Espionage 9671:Terrorism 9633:Smuggling 9571:Vandalism 9551:Smuggling 9491:Extortion 9466:Blackmail 9381:corporate 9187:Types of 9082:Sacrifice 9077:Predation 9042:Longevity 8832:Taphonomy 8769:Trust law 8724:Death row 8509:Afterlife 8462:Gibbeting 8399:Cremation 8364:Taxidermy 8339:Embalming 8215:Micromort 8161:Mortality 7938:Autolysis 7896:Autophagy 7891:Apoptosis 7578:. p. 23. 5966:cite book 5766:14 August 5140:, art.106 5095:144571256 5087:1081-602X 4370:1 QB 290. 4318:cite book 4312:. London. 4250:cite book 3702:Hong Kong 3652:Australia 3485:forensics 3451:Hispanics 3376:Hong Kong 3317:Stockholm 3252: 2–5 3246: 1–2 3240: 0–1 3221:Incidence 3097:The term 2939:São Paulo 2920:junk food 2881:serotonin 2775:causation 2767:defendant 2688:Heimtücke 2618:Poisoning 2591:of Mayor 2585:Dan White 2550:black cap 2489:, § 40.15 2453:defendant 2451:That the 2428:psychosis 2192:precedent 2141:18 U.S.C. 2096:poisoning 2041:homicidio 2033:asesinato 1845:convicted 1790:(compare 1729:*murþrijô 1718:*mŕ̥-trom 1700:*mŕ̥-trom 1691:Etymology 1617:intention 1611:or valid 1558:War crime 1521:Androcide 1468:Patricide 1463:Matricide 1458:Parricide 1441:Siblicide 1416:Uxoricide 1375:Foeticide 1244:Poisoning 1160:Foeticide 998:Contracts 972:Necessity 877:Secession 872:Espionage 805:Terrorism 767:Smuggling 661:Vandalism 641:Smuggling 581:Extortion 556:Blackmail 530:Voyeurism 510:Pederasty 495:Obscenity 377:corporate 200:Vicarious 195:Principal 190:Corporate 175:Accessory 166:liability 151:Causation 10036:Violence 9974:Wikinews 9831:Adultery 9801:Poaching 9737:Against 9722:Sedition 9666:Regicide 9618:Genocide 9593:Apostasy 9575:Mischief 9511:Gambling 9476:Burglary 9447:property 9445:Against 9429:Stabbing 9424:Stalking 9407:Homicide 9372:Menacing 9352:Homicide 9136:Category 9106:Thanabot 9057:Necronym 9027:Homicide 8578:Obituary 8566:Mourning 8556:Internet 8499:Cemetery 8374:Disposal 8327:Cryonics 7996:Abortion 7963:Pyknosis 7829:Necrosis 7711:Archived 7677:Archived 7567:Archived 7546:Archived 7507:Archived 7438:Archived 7405:Archived 7375:Archived 7325:Archived 7277:Archived 7249:Archived 7221:Archived 7187:Archived 7156:Archived 7128:Archived 7103:Archived 7078:Archived 7050:Archived 6988:Archived 6960:Archived 6956:BBC News 6930:Archived 6904:Archived 6873:Archived 6843:Archived 6813:Archived 6784:Archived 6682:Archived 6653:Archived 6622:Archived 6592:Archived 6547:Archived 6542:CBS News 6518:Archived 6312:Archived 6133:10748663 6089:89070703 6085:ProQuest 6031:32422646 5991:PLOS ONE 5948:Homicide 5930:Archived 5899:Archived 5849:Archived 5820:Archived 5791:Archived 5787:Newsweek 5760:Archived 5756:Radio NZ 5694:Mens rea 5522:Archived 5488:Archived 5450:Archived 5405:Archived 5117:Archived 5044:Archived 4999:Archived 4953:Archived 4923:July 29, 4917:Archived 4852:Archived 4810:Archived 4782:Archived 4741:Archived 4737:ABC News 4675:Archived 4591:Archived 4561:Archived 4532:Archived 4503:Archived 4388:Archived 4368:R v Tait 4347:Archived 4283:(2001). 4213:Archived 4186:The Star 4151:Archived 4101:Archived 4071:Archived 4046:4 August 4040:Archived 3984:Archived 3981:"Murder" 3932:Archived 3867:Archived 3859:"Murder" 3742:Portugal 3523:See also 3497:San Jose 3215:vendetta 3189:case of 3165:had the 3127:Crusader 3099:assassin 3064:In Islam 3009:weregild 2976:jealousy 2926:Certain 2852:Loathing 2735:doctrine 2733:A legal 2568:reckless 2546:commuted 2512:— 2484:— 2475:New York 2436:dementia 2409:Insanity 2197:codified 2163:doodslag 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