380:(ART), PEPFAR supports prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections, as well as services to prevent and treat malaria, tuberculosis, waterborne illness, and other acute infections. PEPFAR supports training and salaries for personnel (including clinicians, laboratorians, pharmacists, counselors, medical records staff, outreach workers, peer educators, etc.), renovation and refurbishment of health care facilities, updated laboratory equipment and distribution systems, logistics and management for drugs and other commodities. This is intended to ensure the sustainability of PEPFAR services in host countries, enabling long-term management of HIV/AIDS.
602:. The previous 33% earmark has since been replaced by a requirement that if more than 50% of PEPFAR funds are allocated to non-abstinence promotion measures, the US Global AIDS Coordinator must report to Congress. However, the new reporting requirement continues to emphasize abstinence and fidelity to the exclusion of comprehensive approaches, such as those that include education about male and female condoms. This can cause a chilling effect for organizations receiving PEPFAR funding, who may censor their prevention activities and fall short of providing comprehensive HIV prevention services to women, men, and young people.
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652:
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22:
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PEPFAR works in partnership with host nations to support treatment, prevention and care for millions of people in more than 85 countries. Partnership
Frameworks provide a 5-year joint strategic framework for cooperation between the U.S. Government, the partner government, and other partners to combat HIV/AIDS in the host country through service delivery, policy reform, and coordinated financial commitments.See the
113:, his future secretary of state; she said that, if elected, working more closely with countries on that continent should be a significant part of his foreign policy. She also told him that HIV/AIDS was a central problem in Africa but that the United States was spending only $ 500 million per year on global AIDS, with the money spread across six federal agencies, without a clear strategy for curbing the epidemic.
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U.S. "to maximize its leverage with other countries through the funds available for distribution" since the "Global Fund and other multilateral venues do not possess the same top-down leverage as does the United States in demanding fundamental national-level reforms". However, since the inception of PEPFAR there has been a shift away from strictly bilateral funding to more multilateral programs.
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29 countries, who are part of USG teams implementing PEPFAR. Through partnerships with host governments, Ministries of Health, NGOs, international organizations, U.S.-based universities, and the private sector, GAP assists with HIV prevention, treatment, and care; laboratory capacity building; surveillance; monitoring and evaluation; and public health evaluation research.
365:
the 20% spent on prevention, one third, or 6.7% of the total, was to be spent on abstinence-until-marriage programs in fiscal years 2006 through 2008, a controversial requirement (see below). The other two thirds was allotted for the widespread array of prevention interventions described above, including counseling, education, injection safety, blood safety and condoms.
640:
recipients' use of funds in accordance with departmental and other
Federal requirements.... ost of the award files did not include all required documents" to demonstrate proper monitoring. On the November 19, 2012, the OIG published a report critical of the CDC Namibia Office's monitoring of the use of PEPFAR funds.
617:
Many have argued that PEPFAR's emphasis on direct funding from the United States to
African governments (bilateral programs) have been at the expense of full commitments to multilateral programs such as the Global Fund. Reasons given for this vary, but a major criticism has been that this enables the
412:
PEPFAR has directly and indirectly contributed to the health systems strengthening of recipient countries including improving laboratory capacity as well as improving monitoring and evaluation including introduction of the electronic medical record systems. Another area of health system strengthening
312:
With programs in 73 countries, the Peace Corps is heavily involved in the fight against HIV/AIDS.Peace Corps volunteers provide long-term capacity development support to nongovernmental, community-based, and faith-based organizations as they provide holistic support to people living with and affected
276:
As part of the
Department of Health and Human Services, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention uses PEPFAR funding to implement its Global AIDS Program (GAP). GAP works with highly trained physicians, epidemiologists, public health advisers, behavioral scientists, and laboratory scientists in
258:
An independent federal agency, USAID receives overall foreign policy guidance from the
Secretary of State and is the agency primarily responsible for administering civilian foreign aid. USAID supports the implementation of PEPFAR programs in nearly 100 countries, through direct in-country presence in
219:
With the reauthorization of PEPFAR in 2008 there was a shift away from the "focus country" approach by authorizing the development of a
Partnership Framework model for regions and countries, with the aim of ensuring long-term sustainability and country leadership. Through bilaterally-funded programs,
490:
Global AIDS funding is provided in the
Foreign Operations and Labor, Health and Human Services appropriations bills, which, if the process goes smoothly, are agreed to by the House and Senate in advance of the federal fiscal year beginning October 1. The Office of the Global AIDS Coordinator (OGAC)
486:
Since the start of PEPFAR in 2003, the program has utilized multi-year appropriations. PEPFAR reports to
Congress on an annual basis, providing programmatic and financial data as required by law. The Fourteenth Annual Report to Congress on the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief is available
383:
PEPFAR-supported care and treatment services are implemented by a wide array of U.S.-based and international groups and agencies. Among the largest "Track 1.0" (treatment) partners are
Harvard University, Columbia University's International Center for AIDS Care & Treatment Programs (ICAP),
364:
Initially, a recommended 20% of the PEPFAR budget was to be spent on prevention, with the remaining 80% going to care and treatment, laboratory support, antiretroviral drugs, TB/HIV services, support for orphans and vulnerable children (OVC), infrastructure, training, and other related services. Of
285:
The
Department of Defense (DoD) implements PEPFAR programs by supporting HIV/AIDS prevention, treatment, care, strategic information, human capacity development and program/policy development in host military and civilian communities. The DoD HIV/AIDS Prevention Program (DHAPP) is the DoD Executive
249:
Housed in the Department of State, the Office of the Global AIDS Coordinator oversees the implementation of PEPFAR and ensures coordination among the various agencies involved in the U.S global response to HIV/AIDS. United States Ambassadors from the State Department provide essential leadership to
116:
The U.S. Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Act of 2003 (or the Global AIDS Act) specified a series of broad and specific goals, alternately delegating authority to the president for identifying measurable outcomes in some areas, and specifying by law the quantitative benchmarks
143:
In December 2014, PEPFAR announced a program PEPFAR 3.0 focusing on Sustainable Control of the AIDS epidemic. This program was designed to address the UNAIDS "90-90-90" global goal: 90 percent of people with HIV diagnosed, 90 percent of them on ART and 90 percent of them virally suppressed by the
139:
was confirmed by the U.S. Senate as the U.S. Global AIDS Coordinator and was officially sworn in on June 13, 2022. A little over a year later, Ambassador Nkengasong joined U.S. Secretary of State Anthony J. Blinken to launch State Department’s Bureau of Global Health Security and Diplomacy (GHSD)
630:
Rather than strictly through salaries, program staff received benefits such as housing and education subsidies. Countries, already stressed by the number of trained physicians and nurses emigrating to western nations, have seen the presence of PEPFAR programs significantly decrease the number of
626:
PEPFAR has been criticized for having a negative impact on the health systems in regions receiving its funding through its recruitment practices. Although Congress made attempts to limit its impact by prohibiting "topping off" salaries and limiting funding for healthcare worker training (thereby
498:
requested $ 6.42 billion, including more than $ 4.54 billion for bilateral HIV/AIDS programs and $ 1.65 billion for the Global Fund. For FY 2014, President Obama requested $ 6.73 billion, including more than $ 4.88 billion for bilateral HIV/AIDS programs and $ 1.65 billion for the Global Fund.
303:
The Department of Labor (DoL) implements PEPFAR workplace-targeted projects that focus on the prevention and reduction of HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination. DoL programs (in over 23 countries) consist of three main components: increasing knowledge aboutHIV/AIDS, implementing workplace
294:
The Department of Commerce (DoC) provides support for PEPFAR by furthering private sector engagement through public-private partnerships. Housed within DoC, the U.S. Census Bureau assists with data management and analysis, survey support, estimating infections averted and supporting mapping of
267:
Under PEPFAR, the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) implements PEPFAR-funded prevention, treatment and care programs through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), Food and Drug
639:
On June 15, 2011, the Department of Health and Human Services Office of Inspector General (OIG) published a report critical of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC's) administration of PEPFAR funds. The report read in part: "Our review found that CDC did not always monitor
597:
The requirement for prevention spending was lifted with the PEPFAR reauthorization in 2008, but some critics worry that some funds could still be spent on abstinence programs. The Center for Health and Gender Equity and Health GAP outline their criticism of PEPFAR on a website known as
631:
skilled medical professionals willing to work within the domestic healthcare infrastructure. As a result, the overall health of these communities are placed in jeopardy, but funds, physicians, and nurses are diverted to combat HIV/AIDS exclusively within the framework of PEPFAR.
396:, resources for maintaining financial stability, etc. Special care is given to orphans and vulnerable children (OVCs) and services are provided that meet the unique needs of women and girls, including victims of sex trafficking, rape, abuse, and exploitation (see fact sheet on
563:
Some critics of PEPFAR feel that American political and social groups with moral rather than public health agendas are behind several requirements of PEPFAR, pointing to the mandates that one-third of prevention spending in 2006–2008 be directed towards
48:
in 2003, as of May 2020, PEPFAR has provided about $ 90 billion in cumulative funding for HIV/AIDS treatment, prevention, and research since its inception, making it the largest global health program focused on a single disease in history until the
593:
According to a study presented at the 19th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections in 2015, the $ 1.3 billion that the U.S. government spent on programs to promote abstinence in sub-Saharan Africa had no significant impact.
425:
The U.S. government is supporting African production of antiretrovirals (ARVs) to address the continent's HIV epidemic. In July 2024, PEPFAR plans to expand its purchase of ARVs from local suppliers to serve 2 million African patients.
268:
Administration (FDA), and Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). The Office of Global Health Affairs within HHS coordinates all of the HHS agencies to be sure PEPFAR resources are being used effectively.
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212:. Most of the $ 15 billion for the program was to be spent on these focus countries, $ 4 billion was allocated for programs elsewhere, and for HIV/AIDS research (the other $ 1 billion was contributed to the
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1093:
De Neve, Jan-Walter; Garrison-Desany, Henri; Andrews, Kathryn G.; Sharara, Nour; Boudreaux, Chantelle; Gill, Roopan; Geldsetzer, Pascal; Vaikath, Maria; Bärnighausen, Till; Bossert, Thomas J. (August 8, 2017).
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to be reached within discrete periods of time in others. The legislation also established the State Department Office of the Global AIDS Coordinator to oversee all international AIDS funding and programming.
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Of the estimated 8 million individuals in low- and middle-income countries who currently receive treatment, nearly 6.8 million receive support through PEPFAR bilateral programs, the Global Fund, or both.
579:
In 2005, it was reported from United Nations' envoy leader for HIV/AIDS in Africa Stephen Lewis that the Bush administration's abstinence policy may have contributed to a shortage of condoms in Uganda.
478:
There is additional evidence in the published literature that funding towards PEPFAR vis-a-vis antiretroviral therapy also affirmed maternal and child health in addition to HIV treatment outcomes
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budgets according to the allocations provided by Congress and the policy of the Administration. Funding figures by program are reported to Congress by the Office of the Global AIDS Coordinator.
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eliminating per diems as a method of augmenting salaries), PEPFAR funded programs effectively paid its local staff up to a hundred times more than that of the local healthcare structure.
1680:
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2037:"The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Namibia Office Did Not Always Properly Monitor Recipients' Use of the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief Funds (A-04-12-04020)"
152:
When PEPFAR was signed into law 15 resource-limited countries with high HIV/AIDS prevalence rates were designated to receive the majority of the funding. The 15 "focus countries" were
4599:
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572:. This pledge requires all organizations that receive PEPFAR funding to have a policy that explicitly opposes prostitution and sex trafficking which some activists compared to a
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2012:"Review of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Oversight of the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief Funds for Fiscal Years 2007 Through 2009 (A-04-10-04006)"
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The U.S. is the first and largest donor to the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria. To date, the U.S. has provided more than $ 7 billion to the fund.
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Leeper, Sarah; Reddi, Anand. "United States global health policy: HIV/AIDS, maternal and child health, and The President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR)".
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The U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief: Five-Year Strategy report from 2009 outlines the PEPFAR strategy and programs for the fiscal years 2010-2014.
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The impact of PEPFAR faithfulness and abstinence funding on HIV risk behaviours in sub-Saharan Africa. Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections
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Agent for the technical assistance, management, and administrative support of the global HIV/AIDS prevention, care and treatment for foreign militaries.
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from PEPFAR's own information system COPRS. The data were obtained after CPI sued the U.S. State Department to gain access to the data. The data were
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interventions; and programs focusing on blood safety, injection safety, secondary prevention ("prevention with positives"), counseling and education.
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The 2008 reauthorization of PEPFAR eliminated the 20% recommendation for prevention efforts, including the requirement for abstinence programs.
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400:). Finally, the Emergency Plan works closely with country leaders, military groups, faith-based organizations, etc. in an attempt to eliminate
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requested at least $ 4.7 billion for the PEPFAR program in its annual budget request to Congress in addition to funding for the multilateral
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576:. A number of AIDS organizations felt such a policy would alienate their efforts to reduce HIV contraction rates among sex workers.
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US PEPFAR abstinence and faithfulness funding had no impact on sexual behaviour in Africa. Keith Alcorn. CROI News. 26 February 2015
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PEPFAR directly supported approximately 32.5 million male circumcision procedures worldwide cumulatively from 2017 through Dec 2023.
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PEPFAR in FY2023 supported 2.5 million adolescent girls and young women were reached through DREAMS HIV prevention services.
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529:. Funding amounts to specific in-country implementing mechanisms and partners are only available for the year 2013 onward.
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that PEPFAR has contributed to is its ability to increase the pandemic response to other infectious diseases such as
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the Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation (EGPAF), and the AIDSRelief consortium of Catholic Relief Services.
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1096:"Harmonization of community health worker programs for HIV: A four-country qualitative study in Southern Africa"
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As of September 30, 2023, PEPFAR supported antiretroviral treatment for nearly 20.47 million people worldwide.
53:. PEPFAR is implemented by a combination of U.S. government agencies in over 50 countries and overseen by the
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policies to reduce stigma and discrimination and building capacity of employers to provide support services.
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PEPFAR directly supported 7.0 million orphans, vulnerable children and their caregivers in fiscal year 2023.
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on the official PEPFAR website, as are more specific reports, financial information and other information.
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95:, the two of them developed a serious interest in improving the fate of the people of Africa after reading
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PEPFAR directly supported HIV testing and counseling for more than 71 million people in fiscal year 2023.
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Annual data on the PEPFAR budget, spending by budget code, and impact estimates are available online at
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1884:"AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ET AL. v. ALLIANCE FOR OPEN SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL, INC., ET AL"
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PEPFAR continues to be a cornerstone of U.S. global health efforts. On April 4, 2014, Ambassador
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The AIDS pandemic has been stabilised in Southern and East Africa, with life expectancy rising.
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1156:"International HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria: Key Changes to U.S. Programs and Funding"
995:"PEPFAR 3.0 - Controlling the Epidemic: Delivering on the Promise of an AIDS-free Generation"
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To slow the spread of the epidemic, PEPFAR supports a variety of prevention programs: the
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in 1990. In 1998, while pondering a run for the U.S. presidency, he discussed Africa with
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and help save the lives of those suffering from the disease. Launched by U.S. President
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1288:"Leveraging PEPFAR-Supported Health Information Systems for COVID-19 Pandemic Response"
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interagency HIV/AIDS teams and engage in policy discussions with host-country leaders.
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1710:"Supreme Court Declares Anti-Prostitution Loyalty Oath a Violation of First Amendment"
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Agency for International Development v. Alliance for Open Society International, Inc.
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2001:
Garrett, Laurie. 2007. The Challenge of Global Health. Foreign Affairs 86 (1):14-38.
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806:"Republicans are threatening to sabotage George W. Bush's greatest accomplishment"
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In 2023, PEPFAR supported 1.95 million people to newly enroll for antiretroviral
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1986:"Fighting the Axis of Illness: HIV/AIDs, Human Rights, and U.S. Foreign Policy"
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For those who have already been infected with HIV/AIDS, PEPFAR provides HIV
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1847:
1743:"Justices Say U.S. Cannot Impose Antiprostitution Condition on AIDS Grants"
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19th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections in Seattle.
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In 2013, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the requirement violated the
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Hellevik, Siri Bjerkrem: Does Obama Bring Change to US HIV/AIDS Policy?
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1917:"U.S. Push for Abstinence in Africa Is Seen as Failure Against H.I.V."
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568:-until-marriage programs and that all funded organizations sign an
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61:. As of 2023, PEPFAR has saved over 25 million lives, primarily in
38:
37:) is a United States governmental initiative to address the global
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Small Business Liability Relief and Brownfields Revitalization Act
2097:
1681:"The Global Gag Rule and HIV/AIDS Assistance: An Unofficial Guide"
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White House Office of Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships
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Committee on Climate Change Science and Technology Integration
1532:"THE UNITED STATES PRESIDENT'S EMERGENCY PLAN FOR AIDS RELIEF"
732:"The U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR)"
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European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership
173:
169:
3252:
1770:"U.S. Blamed for Condom Shortage in Fighting AIDS in Uganda"
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PEPFAR supported antiretroviral drug prophylaxis to prevent
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As of September 30, 2023, PEPFAR has saved 25 million lives.
2662:
2623:
1189:
926:"Deborah Birx Sworn In as New U.S. Global AIDS Coordinator"
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Fauci, Anthony S.; Eisinger, Robert W. (January 25, 2018).
526:
225:
1324:"US Commits to Buying HIV Drugs Through African Suppliers"
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Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001
2147:
2128:
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1208:
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1033:, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 1–5,
1027:"The President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR)"
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WHO disease staging system for HIV infection and disease
1954:, Lo N, Lowe A, Bendavid E. Seattle, abstract 160, 2015.
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50 countries and through seven other regional programs.
31:
United States President's Emergency Plan For AIDS Relief
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1158:(PDF). Congressional Research Service, August 25, 2008.
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Tax Increase Prevention and Reconciliation Act of 2005
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President's Council on Service and Civic Participation
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Higher Education Relief Opportunities For Students Act
3195:
List of HIV/AIDS cases and deaths registered by region
461:(MTCT), resulting in 5.5 million babies born HIV-free.
4335:
Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003
1667:"Update on PEPFAR's Programming Budget for 2024/2025"
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132:
filled the Acting role, from being Principal Deputy.
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Foreign Investment and National Security Act of 2007
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AIDS.gov—The U.S. Federal Domestic HIV/AIDS Resource
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The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Global Security Studies
1020:
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Foreign policy of the George W. Bush administration
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List of countries by HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate
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President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR)
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Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS)
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Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria
1669:. PEPFAR. The U.S. State Department. July 8, 2024.
902:
559:Abstinence-only sex education § Global impact
359:prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT)
1015:
128:. She held the position until January 2021 when
4646:
4100:National Security Entry-Exit Registration System
3518:Joint session of Congress (September 11 attacks)
1796:"U.S. abstinence push may be hurting AIDS fight"
1616:"PEPFAR: Working Toward an AIDS-Free Generation"
832:"PEPFAR — 15 Years and Counting the Lives Saved"
272:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
2178:National Addiction and HIV Data Archive Program
1258:Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes
4432:Job Creation and Worker Assistance Act of 2002
4402:Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002
1852:"AGENCY FOR INT'L DEVELOPMENT v. ALLIANCE FOR"
1719:. Center for Health and Gender Equity (Change)
1707:
353:e faithful, and correct and consistent use of
3238:
2113:
2093:HIVtest.org—Find an HIV testing site near you
1881:
1846:
829:
552:
481:
263:Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)
4460:Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008
4439:Mortgage Forgiveness Debt Relief Act of 2007
4372:Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007
1737:
1209:"Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation"
245:Office of the Global AIDS Coordinator (OGAC)
4655:HIV/AIDS organizations in the United States
4386:Financial Literacy and Education Commission
4009:Government response to September 11 attacks
3995:Emmett Till Unsolved Civil Rights Crime Act
2270:Diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome
1915:McNeil, Donald G. Jr. (February 26, 2015).
4425:Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008
3967:Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act
3245:
3231:
2503:People With AIDS Self-Empowerment Movement
2120:
2106:
2083:A USA government fact sheet on the project
700:President's Commission on the HIV Epidemic
532:In 2008, funding data was obtained by the
81:, and their interests in AIDS prevention,
4379:Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act
4002:Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act
3636:Jordan–United States Free Trade Agreement
1307:
1129:
1111:
847:
803:
695:Presidential Advisory Council on HIV/AIDS
254:U.S. Agency for International Development
4690:2003 establishments in the United States
3216:) is being considered for deletion. See
1024:
621:
587:prohibition against compelled speech in
320:
235:
231:
20:
4607:Water Resources Development Act of 2007
4344:Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act
3369:Dismissal of U.S. attorneys controversy
1822:"Bush accused of Aids damage to Africa"
1556:
4647:
4504:Tax Relief and Health Care Act of 2006
4114:Secondary Security Screening Selection
1914:
1206:
1151:
1149:
878:
4044:National Construction Safety Team Act
3803:Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty
3226:
2539:Discredited HIV/AIDS origins theories
2101:
2078:Office of the Global AIDS Coordinator
1591:
736:The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation
680:United States Global AIDS Coordinator
538:analyzed by the HIV/AIDS Monitor team
126:United States Global AIDS Coordinator
16:United States governmental initiative
4577:Magnuson–Stevens Reauthorization Act
4476:Renovation, Repair and Painting Rule
4093:U.S. Department of Homeland Security
726:
724:
434:The results of the program include:
4266:Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003
3743:Darfur Peace and Accountability Act
2658:The Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert
2127:
1207:Tucker, Racine (December 7, 2013).
1146:
879:Varmus, Harold (December 1, 2013).
544:, who also share the full dataset.
13:
4418:Flood Insurance Reform Act of 2004
4314:American Jobs Creation Act of 2004
3685:Dominican Republic–Central America
1895:Supreme Court of the United States
907:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
421:Antiretroviral Local Manufacturing
147:
14:
4711:
3988:Born-Alive Infants Protection Act
3220:to help reach a consensus. ›
2244:Countries by AIDS prevalence rate
2057:
1592:Reddi, Anand (November 1, 2010).
1251:
960:United States Department of State
804:Beauchamp, Zack (July 28, 2023).
721:
634:
140:August 1, 2023, which he leads.
89:.” According to his 2010 memoir,
59:United States Department of State
4195:Criticism of government response
4174:Higher Education Opportunity Act
4065:President's Surveillance Program
2705:Democratic Republic of the Congo
2265:AIDS-defining clinical condition
1990:The Harvard Human Rights Journal
1708:Boyer, Melanie (June 20, 2013).
1510:U.S. Department of State, PEPFAR
1484:U.S. Department of State, PEPFAR
1458:U.S. Department of State, PEPFAR
1432:U.S. Department of State, PEPFAR
1406:U.S. Department of State, PEPFAR
1380:U.S. Department of State, PEPFAR
1354:U.S. Department of State, PEPFAR
664:
650:
448:(PrEP) to prevent HIV infection.
222:PEPFAR World Wide Activities Map
4591:Renewable Identification Number
4409:Forest Land Enhancement Program
4351:Credit Rating Agency Reform Act
4273:Public Service Loan Forgiveness
4051:NIST WTC Disaster Investigation
2029:
2004:
1995:
1979:
1957:
1945:
1933:
1908:
1882:Roberts, John (June 20, 2013).
1875:
1840:
1814:
1788:
1762:
1731:
1701:
1673:
1659:
1634:
1608:
1585:
1550:
1524:
1498:
1472:
1446:
1420:
1394:
1368:
1342:
1316:
1280:
1245:
1223:
1200:
1183:
1161:
1086:
1061:
1039:10.1007/978-3-319-74336-3_610-2
987:
973:
836:New England Journal of Medicine
520:
4563:Diesel Emissions Reduction Act
4483:SAFE Transportation Equity Act
4446:Pension Protection Act of 2006
4280:Unborn Victims of Violence Act
4243:Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act
4165:Election Assistance Commission
4072:Terrorist Surveillance Program
3981:Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act
3476:State funeral of Ronald Reagan
948:
918:
895:
872:
823:
797:
775:
750:
710:President's Malaria Initiative
690:Office of National AIDS Policy
1:
4467:Troubled Asset Relief Program
4358:Economic Stimulus Act of 2008
4086:Homeland Security Act of 2002
2574:Misconceptions about HIV/AIDS
2554:International AIDS Conference
2508:HIV/AIDS in the porn industry
2451:Discrimination against people
1506:"Results and Impact – PEPFAR"
1480:"Results and Impact – PEPFAR"
1454:"Results and Impact – PEPFAR"
1428:"Results and Impact – PEPFAR"
1402:"Results and Impact – PEPFAR"
1376:"Results and Impact – PEPFAR"
1350:"Results and Impact – PEPFAR"
1254:"Lessons learned from PEPFAR"
715:
612:
542:Center for Global Development
327:AIDS pandemic in South Africa
4700:Presidency of George W. Bush
4128:Terrorist Screening Database
4079:NSA warrantless surveillance
3926:H-1B Visa Reform Act of 2004
3771:Vision for Space Exploration
3483:State funeral of Gerald Ford
3254:Presidency of George W. Bush
3213:Presidency of George W. Bush
2434:Catholic Church and HIV/AIDS
2315:HIV Drug Resistance Database
1618:. Pepfar.gov. Archived from
1571:10.1097/QAD.0b013e32833cbb41
1266:10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181bbc98d
1113:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002374
547:
459:mother-to-child transmission
408:Health Systems Strengthening
290:Department of Commerce (DoC)
73:PEPFAR began with President
7:
4149:FISA Amendments Act of 2008
4142:Protect America Act of 2007
3933:L-1 Visa Reform Act of 2004
2735:Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast)
2569:Media portrayal of HIV/AIDS
2498:List of HIV-positive people
2062:
1857:Legal Information Institute
1536:Results and Impact – PEPFAR
1069:"Collateral Duty Diplomacy"
685:National Commission on AIDS
643:
534:Center for Public Integrity
513:PEPFAR was exempt from the
316:
281:Department of Defense (DoD)
10:
4716:
4570:Healthy Forests Initiative
4211:Medicare Modernization Act
4121:Terrorist Screening Center
4016:Rescue and recovery effort
3852:August 2001 daily briefing
3469:Presidential proclamations
2635:Reports from the Holocaust
2559:International AIDS Society
2549:Elton John AIDS Foundation
1538:. U.S. Department of State
1512:. U.S. Department of State
1486:. U.S. Department of State
1460:. U.S. Department of State
1434:. U.S. Department of State
1408:. U.S. Department of State
1382:. U.S. Department of State
1356:. U.S. Department of State
1231:"Catholic Relief Services"
1025:Dietrich, John W. (2021),
605:PEPFAR also does not fund
556:
553:Controversial requirements
482:Accountability and funding
429:
295:country-level activities.
87:compassionate conservatism
68:
4616:
4526:Clean Boating Act of 2008
4513:
4365:Energy Policy Act of 2005
4303:
4234:Highly qualified teachers
3956:
3650:Trade promotion authority
3595:
3510:Joint session of Congress
3501:
3270:
3261:
3185:
3155:
3107:
3075:
3025:
3016:
2988:
2823:
2680:
2671:
2594:Treatment Action Campaign
2531:
2416:
2348:
2310:Tuberculosis co-infection
2252:
2173:disease progression rates
2140:
527:PEPFAR Panorama Spotlight
376:In addition to providing
325:The stabilisation of the
299:Department of Labor (DoL)
4675:HIV/AIDS in South Africa
4623:← Clinton administration
4227:No Child Left Behind Act
3940:Secure Fence Act of 2006
3397:Supreme Court candidates
3362:Legislation and programs
3218:templates for discussion
2320:Innate resistance to HIV
2290:Neurocognitive disorders
1688:www.populationaction.org
607:needle exchange programs
570:anti-prostitution pledge
446:pre-exposure prophylaxis
85:, and what Bush termed “
4584:Renewable Fuel Standard
3838:Pre-attack intelligence
2641:AIDS–Holocaust metaphor
2624:Gay Men's Health Crisis
2300:Opportunistic infection
1974:NIBR International Blog
1969:April 30, 2011, at the
1594:"Aids: Time to Refocus"
930:PEPFAR official website
885:Science & Diplomacy
55:Global AIDS Coordinator
4632:Obama administration →
4540:Clear Skies Initiative
2468:HIV-affected community
2408:HIV and homosexual men
1300:10.3201/eid2813.220751
1194:July 26, 2007, at the
378:antiretroviral therapy
330:
241:
137:Dr. John N. Nkengasong
26:
4554:Executive Order 13432
4533:Climate change policy
4158:Help America Vote Act
3919:Executive Order 13470
3912:Executive Order 13355
3390:Judicial appointments
2648:Silence=Death Project
2446:Criminal transmission
2366:Multiple sex partners
1642:"Funding and Results"
622:Recruitment of locals
324:
239:
232:Implementing agencies
24:
4670:HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia
3824:Communication issues
3817:September 11 attacks
3533:Mission Accomplished
2970:United Arab Emirates
2441:Circumcision and HIV
2398:City of Hope Patient
2158:structure and genome
1697:on January 12, 2006.
1622:on December 20, 2008
1596:. The New York Times
1169:"Harvard University"
1073:sciencediplomacy.org
981:"John N. Nkengasong"
849:10.1056/NEJMp1714773
672:United States portal
4685:Government programs
4287:2006 VRA Amendments
3627:by Condoleezza Rice
3613:International trips
3448:Impeachment efforts
2518:AIDS Memorial Quilt
2330:HIV-positive people
398:Gender and HIV/AIDS
4680:HIV/AIDS in Uganda
4665:HIV/AIDS in Africa
4490:Sarbanes–Oxley Act
4453:Public Law 110-343
3750:Mexico City policy
3095:Dominican Republic
2478:HIV/AIDS denialism
2403:Women and HIV/AIDS
2393:The London Patient
2260:Signs and symptoms
2168:CDC classification
1920:The New York Times
1891:OCTOBER TERM, 2012
1862:Cornell Law School
1774:The New York Times
1748:The New York Times
783:"PEPFAR - HIV.gov"
515:Mexico City Policy
331:
242:
63:sub-Saharan Africa
27:
4642:
4641:
4188:Hurricane Katrina
3831:Military response
3810:USA Freedom Corps
3736:2002 steel tariff
3643:Trade Act of 2002
3591:
3590:
3582:2008 SOTU Address
3575:2007 SOTU Address
3568:2006 SOTU Address
3561:2005 SOTU Address
3554:2004 SOTU Address
3547:2003 SOTU Address
3540:2002 SOTU Address
3455:Executive actions
3376:Email controversy
3203:
3202:
3181:
3180:
3103:
3102:
2584:The SING Campaign
2473:HIV/AIDS activism
2461:Cost of treatment
2383:Timothy Ray Brown
2378:World AIDS Museum
1850:(June 20, 2013).
1828:. August 30, 2005
1802:. August 29, 2005
1776:. August 30, 2005
1741:(June 20, 2013).
1048:978-3-319-74336-3
956:"Angeli Achrekar"
936:on March 25, 2015
585:First Amendment's
51:COVID-19 pandemic
4707:
4635:
4626:
4609:
4602:
4593:
4586:
4579:
4572:
4565:
4556:
4549:
4542:
4535:
4528:
4506:
4499:
4492:
4485:
4478:
4469:
4462:
4455:
4448:
4441:
4434:
4427:
4420:
4411:
4404:
4395:
4388:
4381:
4374:
4367:
4360:
4353:
4346:
4337:
4330:
4323:
4316:
4296:
4289:
4282:
4275:
4268:
4259:
4252:
4245:
4236:
4229:
4220:
4213:
4204:
4197:
4190:
4183:
4176:
4167:
4160:
4151:
4144:
4137:
4130:
4123:
4116:
4109:
4102:
4095:
4088:
4081:
4074:
4067:
4060:
4053:
4046:
4039:
4032:
4025:
4018:
4011:
4004:
3997:
3990:
3983:
3976:
3969:
3949:
3942:
3935:
3928:
3921:
3914:
3905:
3898:
3891:
3884:
3877:
3870:
3863:
3854:
3847:
3840:
3833:
3826:
3819:
3812:
3805:
3796:
3789:
3782:
3773:
3766:
3759:
3752:
3745:
3738:
3729:
3722:
3715:
3708:
3701:
3694:
3687:
3680:
3673:
3666:
3659:
3652:
3645:
3638:
3629:
3622:
3615:
3608:
3584:
3577:
3570:
3563:
3556:
3549:
3542:
3535:
3528:
3521:
3513:
3494:
3492:Obama transition
3485:
3478:
3471:
3464:
3462:Executive orders
3457:
3450:
3443:
3436:
3427:
3420:
3413:
3406:
3399:
3392:
3385:
3383:Shoeing incident
3378:
3371:
3364:
3355:
3348:
3341:
3334:
3327:
3320:
3313:
3306:
3299:
3292:
3290:2nd inauguration
3285:
3283:1st inauguration
3278:
3268:
3267:
3247:
3240:
3233:
3224:
3223:
3173:Papua New Guinea
3023:
3022:
2678:
2677:
2122:
2115:
2108:
2099:
2098:
2074:
2073:
2071:Official website
2052:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2041:
2033:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2016:
2008:
2002:
1999:
1993:
1983:
1977:
1961:
1955:
1949:
1943:
1937:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1912:
1906:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1888:
1879:
1873:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1844:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1818:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1792:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1766:
1760:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1735:
1729:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1714:
1705:
1699:
1698:
1696:
1690:. Archived from
1685:
1677:
1671:
1670:
1663:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1612:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1589:
1583:
1582:
1554:
1548:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1502:
1496:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1476:
1470:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1450:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1424:
1418:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1398:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1372:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1346:
1340:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1320:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1292:Emerg Infect Dis
1284:
1278:
1277:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1227:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1204:
1198:
1187:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1165:
1159:
1153:
1144:
1143:
1133:
1115:
1090:
1084:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1057:
1055:
1022:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1008:
999:
991:
985:
984:
977:
971:
970:
968:
966:
952:
946:
945:
943:
941:
932:. Archived from
922:
916:
908:
904:
899:
893:
892:
876:
870:
869:
851:
827:
821:
820:
818:
816:
801:
795:
794:
792:
790:
779:
773:
772:
770:
768:
754:
748:
747:
745:
743:
728:
674:
669:
668:
667:
660:
655:
654:
653:
226:PEPFAR Dashboard
124:was sworn in as
111:Condoleezza Rice
4715:
4714:
4710:
4709:
4708:
4706:
4705:
4704:
4645:
4644:
4643:
4638:
4629:
4620:
4612:
4605:
4598:
4589:
4582:
4575:
4568:
4561:
4552:
4545:
4538:
4531:
4524:
4516:
4509:
4502:
4495:
4488:
4481:
4474:
4465:
4458:
4451:
4444:
4437:
4430:
4423:
4416:
4407:
4400:
4391:
4384:
4377:
4370:
4363:
4356:
4349:
4342:
4333:
4326:
4319:
4312:
4305:Economic policy
4299:
4292:
4285:
4278:
4271:
4264:
4255:
4248:
4241:
4232:
4225:
4218:Medicare Part D
4216:
4209:
4202:Disaster relief
4200:
4193:
4186:
4179:
4172:
4163:
4156:
4147:
4140:
4133:
4126:
4119:
4112:
4105:
4098:
4091:
4084:
4077:
4070:
4063:
4056:
4049:
4042:
4035:
4028:
4023:9/11 Commission
4021:
4014:
4007:
4000:
3993:
3986:
3979:
3972:
3965:
3958:Domestic policy
3952:
3945:
3938:
3931:
3924:
3917:
3910:
3901:
3894:
3887:
3880:
3875:Afghanistan War
3873:
3866:
3859:
3850:
3843:
3836:
3829:
3822:
3815:
3808:
3801:
3794:Slovakia summit
3792:
3787:Slovenia summit
3785:
3778:
3769:
3762:
3755:
3748:
3741:
3734:
3725:
3718:
3711:
3704:
3697:
3690:
3683:
3676:
3669:
3662:
3655:
3648:
3641:
3634:
3625:
3620:by Colin Powell
3618:
3611:
3604:
3587:
3580:
3573:
3566:
3559:
3552:
3545:
3538:
3531:
3524:
3516:
3508:
3497:
3490:
3481:
3474:
3467:
3460:
3453:
3446:
3439:
3432:
3423:
3416:
3409:
3402:
3395:
3388:
3381:
3374:
3367:
3360:
3351:
3344:
3337:
3330:
3323:
3316:
3309:
3302:
3295:
3288:
3281:
3274:
3257:
3251:
3221:
3204:
3199:
3177:
3151:
3099:
3071:
3012:
2984:
2930:Myanmar (Burma)
2819:
2667:
2653:Day Without Art
2599:The Global Fund
2527:
2456:Economic impact
2412:
2344:
2248:
2200:pathophysiology
2136:
2126:
2069:
2068:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2045:
2043:
2042:. November 2012
2039:
2035:
2034:
2030:
2020:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2009:
2005:
2000:
1996:
1984:
1980:
1971:Wayback Machine
1962:
1958:
1950:
1946:
1938:
1934:
1924:
1922:
1913:
1909:
1899:
1897:
1886:
1880:
1876:
1866:
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1845:
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1330:. July 29, 2024
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881:"Making PEPFAR"
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785:. March 2, 2023
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148:Focus countries
130:Angeli Achrekar
122:Deborah L. Birx
105:, and visiting
92:Decision Points
71:
25:The PEPFAR logo
17:
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11:
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4393:Red Flags Rule
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2058:External links
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762:www.pepfar.gov
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738:. May 27, 2020
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77:and his wife,
75:George W. Bush
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3418:Samuel Alito
3404:John Roberts
3211:
2960:Taiwan (ROC)
2950:Saudi Arabia
2800:South Africa
2633:
2619:Larry Kramer
2578:
2361:Epidemiology
2044:. Retrieved
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600:PEPFAR Watch
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4135:Real ID Act
4107:No Fly List
4058:Patriot Act
3974:Amber alert
3727:South Korea
3256:(2001–2009)
3206:‹ The
3168:New Zealand
3040:El Salvador
2945:Philippines
2915:North Korea
2868:China (PRC)
2833:Afghanistan
2523:Product Red
2424:AIDS orphan
2280:Nephropathy
2215:vaccination
2046:December 7,
2017:. June 2011
1007:December 3,
940:October 31,
308:Peace Corps
214:Global Fund
144:year 2020.
4649:Categories
3276:Transition
2880:East Timor
2853:Bangladesh
2843:Azerbaijan
2765:Mozambique
2750:Madagascar
2483:Red ribbon
2325:Serostatus
2253:Conditions
2205:prevention
2195:management
2153:Lentivirus
1976:02.03.2010
1646:pepfar.gov
1002:pepfar.gov
758:"About Us"
716:References
613:Conditions
566:abstinence
557:See also:
394:counseling
337:Prevention
178:Mozambique
107:The Gambia
97:Alex Haley
4037:criticism
3868:2001 AUMF
3720:Singapore
3657:Australia
3163:Australia
3117:Argentina
3077:Caribbean
3055:Nicaragua
3045:Guatemala
2955:Sri Lanka
2890:Indonesia
2673:Locations
2614:"Free Me"
2340:Pregnancy
2335:Nutrition
2190:diagnosis
1925:April 11,
1233:. Crs.org
1122:1549-1676
1078:April 11,
858:0028-4793
767:March 26,
742:March 30,
548:Criticism
372:Treatment
357:ondoms);
4695:HIV/AIDS
3889:Iraq War
3678:Colombia
3502:Speeches
3297:Timeline
3263:Timeline
3208:template
3132:Colombia
3050:Honduras
2965:Thailand
2940:Pakistan
2925:Malaysia
2863:Cambodia
2815:Zimbabwe
2795:Tanzania
2720:Ethiopia
2715:Eswatini
2700:Botswana
2589:Solidays
2488:Safe sex
2429:Religion
2373:Timeline
2295:Pruritus
2232:Children
2210:research
2185:HIV/AIDS
2163:subtypes
2063:Official
2021:June 25,
1967:Archived
1900:July 17,
1867:July 17,
1800:NBC News
1754:June 25,
1723:July 18,
1651:June 14,
1600:June 11,
1579:20606571
1542:June 14,
1516:June 18,
1490:June 18,
1464:June 17,
1438:June 16,
1412:June 12,
1386:June 12,
1360:June 12,
1334:July 30,
1274:19858928
1192:Archived
1140:28792502
965:July 22,
866:29365298
815:July 29,
644:See also
415:COVID-19
349:bstain,
317:Programs
198:Tanzania
162:Ethiopia
154:Botswana
42:epidemic
39:HIV/AIDS
3692:Morocco
3664:Bahrain
3441:Cabinet
3434:Pardons
3353:2008–09
3210:below (
3156:Oceania
3147:Uruguay
3122:Bolivia
3090:Jamaica
3008:Ukraine
2980:Vietnam
2848:Bahrain
2838:Armenia
2790:Senegal
2780:Nigeria
2770:Namibia
2745:Lesotho
2532:Culture
2513:HIV.gov
2356:History
2349:History
1988:(PDF).
1832:July 1,
1806:July 1,
1780:July 1,
1309:9745247
1131:5549708
1054:May 25,
903:Pub. L.
789:July 2,
540:at the
430:Results
206:Vietnam
186:Nigeria
182:Namibia
69:History
57:at the
4517:policy
4030:report
3757:PEPFAR
3706:Panama
3520:(2001)
3512:(2001)
3137:Guyana
3127:Brazil
3035:Mexico
3030:Canada
3003:Russia
2990:Europe
2975:Turkey
2910:Jordan
2873:Yunnan
2858:Bhutan
2810:Zambia
2805:Uganda
2785:Rwanda
2755:Malawi
2730:Guinea
2690:Angola
2682:Africa
2629:ACT UP
2417:Social
2135:topics
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1272:
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1128:
1120:
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909:
864:
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402:stigma
210:Zambia
208:, and
202:Uganda
190:Rwanda
166:Guyana
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35:PEPFAR
4257:award
3671:Chile
3085:Haiti
2935:Nepal
2905:Japan
2885:India
2775:Niger
2740:Kenya
2725:Ghana
2710:Egypt
2695:Benin
2040:(PDF)
2015:(PDF)
1887:(PDF)
1713:(PDF)
1695:(PDF)
1684:(PDF)
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914:(PDF)
174:Kenya
170:Haiti
102:Roots
79:Laura
3713:Peru
3699:Oman
3346:2007
3339:2006
3332:2005
3325:2004
3318:2003
3311:2002
3304:2001
3142:Peru
2920:Laos
2900:Iraq
2895:Iran
2825:Asia
2760:Mali
2663:Ayds
2220:PrEP
2133:AIDS
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2023:2011
1927:2018
1902:2013
1869:2013
1834:2024
1808:2024
1782:2024
1756:2013
1725:2013
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1559:AIDS
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1362:2024
1336:2024
1270:PMID
1239:2013
1217:2013
1177:2013
1136:PMID
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1080:2018
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967:2021
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854:ISSN
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791:2023
769:2019
744:2021
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