Andrew Johnson - Knowledge

2509: 3235: 3206:, he easily gained their support. He spoke throughout the state in his final campaign tour. Few African Americans outside the large towns were now able to vote as Reconstruction faded in Tennessee, setting a pattern that would be repeated in the other Southern states; the white domination would last almost a century. In the Tennessee legislative elections in August, the Democrats elected 92 legislators to the Republicans' eight, and Johnson went to Nashville for the legislative session. When the balloting for the Senate seat began on January 20, 1875, he led with 30 votes, but did not have the required majority as three former Confederate generals, one former colonel, and a former Democratic congressman split the vote with him. Johnson's opponents tried to agree on a single candidate who might gain majority support and defeat him, but failed, and he was elected on January 26 on the 54th ballot, with a margin of a single vote. Nashville erupted in rejoicing; remarked Johnson, "Thank God for the vindication." 2335:

The amendment extended citizenship to every person born in the United States (except Indians on reservations), penalized states that did not give the vote to freedmen, and most importantly, created new federal civil rights that could be protected by federal courts. It also guaranteed that the federal debt would be paid and forbade repayment of Confederate war debts. Further, it disqualified many former Confederates from office, although the disability could be removed — by Congress, not the president. Both houses passed the Freedmen's Bureau Act a second time, and again the President vetoed it; this time, the veto was overridden. By the summer of 1866, when Congress finally adjourned, Johnson's method of restoring states to the Union by executive fiat, without safeguards for the freedmen, was in deep trouble. His home state of Tennessee ratified the Fourteenth Amendment despite the President's opposition. When Tennessee did so, Congress immediately seated its proposed delegation, embarrassing Johnson.

1718:"; he was less popular among the planters and lawyers who led the state Democratic Party, but none could match him as a vote-getter. After his death, one Tennessee voter wrote of him, "Johnson was always the same to everyone ... the honors heaped upon him did not make him forget to be kind to the humblest citizen." Always seen in impeccably tailored clothing, he cut an impressive figure, and had the stamina to endure lengthy campaigns with daily travel over bad roads leading to another speech or debate. Mostly denied the party's machinery, he relied on a network of friends, advisers, and contacts. One friend, Hugh Douglas, stated in a letter to him, "you have been in the way of our would be great men for a long time. At heart many of us never wanted you to be Governor only none of the rest of us Could have been elected at the time and we only wanted to use you. Then we did not want you to go to the Senate but 2676:, to negotiate a sale. De Stoeckl did so deftly, getting Seward to raise his offer from $ 5 million (coincidentally, the minimum that Russia had instructed de Stoeckl to accept) to $ 7 million, and then getting $ 200,000 added by raising various objections. This sum of $ 7.2 million is equivalent to $ 157 million in present-day terms. On March 30, 1867, de Stoeckl and Seward signed the treaty, working quickly as the Senate was about to adjourn. Johnson and Seward took the signed document to the President's Room in the Capitol, only to be told there was no time to deal with the matter before adjournment. The President summoned the Senate into session to meet on April 1; that body approved the treaty, 37–2. Emboldened by his success in Alaska, Seward sought acquisitions elsewhere. His only success was staking an American claim to uninhabited 3253:, where his daughter Martha was also staying. That evening he had a stroke, but refused medical treatment until the next day, when he did not improve and two doctors were sent for from Elizabethton. He seemed to respond to their ministrations, but had another stroke on the evening of July 30, and died early the following morning at the age of 66. President Grant had the "painful duty" of announcing the death of the only surviving past president. Northern newspapers, in their obituaries, tended to focus on Johnson's loyalty during the war, while Southern ones paid tribute to his actions as president. Johnson's funeral was held on August 3 in Greeneville. He was buried with his body wrapped in an American flag and a copy of the U.S. Constitution placed under his head, according to his wishes. The burial ground was dedicated as the 2262:

of Congress." The President was unhappy about the provocative actions of the Southern states, and about the continued control by the antebellum elite there, but made no statement publicly, believing that Southerners had a right to act as they did, even if it was unwise to do so. By late January 1866, he was convinced that winning a showdown with the Radical Republicans was necessary to his political plans – both for the success of Reconstruction and for reelection in 1868. He would have preferred that the conflict arise over the legislative efforts to enfranchise African Americans in the District of Columbia, a proposal that had been defeated overwhelmingly in an all-white referendum. A bill to accomplish this passed the House of Representatives, but to Johnson's disappointment, stalled in the Senate before he could veto it.

2525: 58: 1203: 8396: 2490: 1255: 2233:

Northerners to ensure that the war had not been fought for nothing. It was important, in Northern public opinion, that the South acknowledge its defeat, that slavery be ended, and that the lot of African Americans be improved. Voting rights were less important at the time—only a handful of Northern states (mostly in New England) gave African-American men the right to vote on the same basis as whites, and in late 1865, Connecticut, Wisconsin, and Minnesota voted down African-American suffrage proposals by large margins. Northern public opinion tolerated Johnson's inaction on black suffrage as an experiment, to be allowed if it quickened Southern acceptance of defeat. Instead, white Southerners felt emboldened. A number of Southern states passed

691: 2720: 2383:. The states would begin again by holding constitutional conventions. African Americans could vote for or become delegates; former Confederates could not. In the legislative process, Congress added to the bill that restoration to the Union would follow the state's ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment, and completion of the process of adding it to the Constitution. Johnson and the Southerners attempted a compromise, whereby the South would agree to a modified version of the amendment without the disqualification of former Confederates, and for limited black suffrage. The Republicans insisted on the full language of the amendment, and the deal fell through. Although Johnson could have pocket vetoed the 1642:, a Whig, for one of the state's U.S. Senate seats. In his first biennial speech, Johnson urged simplification of the state judicial system, abolition of the Bank of Tennessee, and establishment of an agency to provide uniformity in weights and measures; the last was passed. Johnson was critical of the Tennessee common school system and suggested funding be increased via taxes, either statewide or county by county—a mixture of the two was passed. Reforms carried out during Johnson's time as governor included the foundation of the State's public library (making books available to all) and its first public school system, and the initiation of regular state fairs to benefit craftsmen and farmers. 2289:

was in accord). In fact, the President opposed both bills as infringements on state sovereignty. Additionally, both of Trumbull's bills were unpopular among white Southerners, whom Johnson hoped to include in his new party. Johnson vetoed the Freedman's Bureau bill on February 18, 1866, to the delight of white Southerners and the puzzled anger of Republican legislators. He considered himself vindicated when a move to override his veto failed in the Senate the following day. Johnson believed that the Radicals would now be isolated and defeated and that the moderate Republicans would form behind him; he did not understand that Moderates also wanted to see African Americans treated fairly.

3071: 1191:. Both Jacob and Mary were illiterate, and had worked as tavern servants, while Johnson never attended school and grew up in poverty. Jacob died of an apparent heart attack while ringing the town bell, shortly after rescuing three drowning men, when his son Andrew was three. Polly Johnson worked as a washerwoman and became the sole support of her family. Her occupation was then looked down on, as it often took her into other homes unaccompanied. Since Andrew did not resemble either of his siblings, there are rumors that he may have been fathered by another man. Polly Johnson eventually remarried to a man named Turner Doughtry, who was as poor as she was. 1869: 975: 1765: 2209:

top Confederates should be punished. The Moderate Republicans sought to keep the Democrats out of power at a national level, and prevent former rebels from resuming power. They were not as enthusiastic about the idea of African-American suffrage as their Radical colleagues, either because of their own local political concerns, or because they believed that the freedman would be likely to cast his vote badly. Northern Democrats favored the unconditional restoration of the Southern states. They did not support African-American suffrage, which might threaten Democratic control in the South.

10323: 2323:, Johnson broke decisively with them by vetoing it on March 27. In his veto message, he objected to the measure because it conferred citizenship on the freedmen at a time when 11 out of 36 states were unrepresented in the Congress, and that it "discriminated" in favor of African Americans and against whites. Within three weeks, Congress had overridden his veto, the first time that had been done on a major bill in American history. The veto, often seen as a key mistake of Johnson's presidency, convinced moderates there was no hope of working with him. Historian 17378: 3295:

Bill he yielded not a jot to Congress. The moderate senators and representatives (who constituted a majority of the Union party) asked him for only a slight compromise; their action was really an entreaty that he would unite with them to preserve Congress and the country from the policy of the radicals ... His quarrel with Congress prevented the readmission into the Union on generous terms of the members of the late Confederacy ... His pride of opinion, his desire to beat, blinded him to the real welfare of the South and of the whole country.

3046:

signed an eight-hour law passed by Congress that established an eight-hour workday for laborers and mechanics employed by the Federal Government. Although Johnson told members of a Workingmen's party delegation in Baltimore that he could not directly commit himself to an eight-hour day, he nevertheless told the same delegation that he greatly favoured the "shortest number of hours consistent with the interests of all". According to Richard F. Selcer, however, the good intentions behind the law were "immediately frustrated" as wages were cut by 20%.

1936: 1695: 8391: 2201:

always been a state responsibility to decide who should vote. Second, political power in the Southern states should pass from the planter class to his beloved "plebeians". Johnson feared that the freedmen, many of whom were still economically bound to their former masters, might vote at their direction. Johnson's third priority was election in his own right in 1868, a feat no one who had succeeded a deceased president had managed to accomplish, attempting to secure a Democratic anti-Congressional Reconstruction coalition in the South.

2083: 2649:, sending troops there. While many politicians had indulged in saber rattling over the Mexican matter, Seward preferred quiet diplomacy, warning the French through diplomatic channels that their presence in Mexico was unacceptable. Although the President preferred a more aggressive approach, Seward persuaded him to follow his lead. In April 1866, the French government informed Seward that its troops would be brought home in stages, to conclude by November 1867. On August 14, 1866, Johnson and his cabinet gave a reception for 1144: 629: 1616: 1086:, including Tennessee, but Johnson remained firmly with the Union. He was the only sitting senator from a Confederate state who did not promptly resign his seat upon learning of his state's secession. In 1862, Lincoln appointed him as Military Governor of Tennessee after most of it had been retaken. In 1864, Johnson was a logical choice as running mate for Lincoln, who wished to send a message of national unity in his re-election campaign, and became vice president after a victorious election in 13390: 17450: 1447:, a Democrat and fellow Tennessean. The major parties were still determining their core values and policy proposals, with the party system in a state of flux. The Whig Party had organized in opposition to Jackson, fearing the concentration of power in the Executive Branch of the government; Johnson differed from the Whigs as he opposed more than minimal government spending and spoke against aid for the railroads, while his constituents hoped for improvements in transportation. After 1627:

Whigs had won the past two gubernatorial elections, and still controlled the legislature. That party nominated Henry, making the "Henry-mandering" of the First District an immediate issue. The two men debated in county seats the length of Tennessee before the meetings were called off two weeks before the August 1853 election due to illness in Henry's family. Johnson won the election by 63,413 votes to 61,163; some votes for him were cast in return for his promise to support Whig

1549: 2454:, who had dismissed the governor of Texas and installed a replacement with little popular support. Johnson was initially deterred by a strong objection from Grant, but on August 5, the President demanded Stanton's resignation; the secretary refused to quit with Congress out of session. Johnson then suspended him pending the next meeting of Congress as permitted under the Tenure of Office Act; Grant agreed to serve as temporary replacement while continuing to lead the Army. 2171: 3407:

having resisted Radical Republican policies aimed at securing the rights and well-being of the newly emancipated African-Americans." Gordon-Reed notes that Johnson, along with his contemporaries Pierce and Buchanan, is generally listed among the five worst presidents, but states "there have never been more difficult times in the life of this nation. The problems these men had to confront were enormous. It would have taken a succession of Lincolns to do them justice."

3119: 2616:; Grant was nominated for president. The Senate returned on May 26 and voted on the second and third articles, with identical 35–19 results. Faced with those results, Johnson's opponents gave up and dismissed proceedings. Stanton "relinquished" his office on May 26, and the Senate subsequently confirmed Schofield. When Johnson renominated Stanbery to return to his position as attorney general after his service as a defense manager, the Senate refused to confirm him. 2461:, who had angered Johnson by firmly following Congress's plan. The President also issued a proclamation pardoning most Confederates, exempting those who held office under the Confederacy, or who had served in federal office before the war but had breached their oaths. Although Republicans expressed anger with his actions, the 1867 elections generally went Democratic. No seats in Congress were directly elected in the polling, but the Democrats took control of the 17438: 10093: 9703: 9327: 7927: 3180: 2008: 17426: 10080: 2004:

for Johnson, beginning a stampede. Johnson was named on the second ballot with 491 votes to Hamlin's 17 and eight for Dickinson; the nomination was made unanimous. Lincoln expressed pleasure at the result, "Andy Johnson, I think, is a good man." When word reached Nashville, a crowd assembled and the military governor obliged with a speech contending his selection as a Southerner meant that the rebel states had not actually left the Union.

17402: 10103: 9723: 9337: 3323: 2266: 7380: 2412: 9713: 17414: 2450:

When Congress reconvened in July, it passed a Reconstruction Act against Johnson's position, waited for his veto, overrode it, and went home. In addition to clarifying the powers of the generals, the legislation also deprived the President of control over the Army in the South. With Congress in recess until November, Johnson decided to fire Stanton and relieve one of the military commanders, General

1921:

end. He wrote, "If the institution of slavery ... seeks to overthrow it , then the Government has a clear right to destroy it". He reluctantly supported efforts to enlist former slaves into the Union Army, feeling that African-Americans should perform menial tasks to release white Americans to do the fighting. Nevertheless, he succeeded in recruiting 20,000 black soldiers to serve the Union.

2024:

but was told by Lincoln's advisers that he could not stay, but would be sworn in with Lincoln. In these months, Union troops finished the retaking of eastern Tennessee, including Greeneville. Just before his departure, the voters of Tennessee ratified a new constitution, which abolished slavery, on February 22, 1865. One of Johnson's final acts as military governor was to certify the results.

3362:

writers, Johnson was a humane, enlightened, and liberal statesman who waged a courageous battle for the Constitution and democracy against scheming and unscrupulous Radicals, who were motivated by a vindictive hatred of the South, partisanship, and a desire to establish the supremacy of Northern "big business". In short, rather than a boor, Johnson was a martyr; instead of a villain, a hero.

2020:, hoped to avoid additional bloodshed by negotiation, and so the stricter loyalty oath effectively disenfranchised his supporters. Lincoln declined to override Johnson, and their ticket took the state by 25,000 votes. Congress refused to count Tennessee's electoral votes, but Lincoln and Johnson did not need them, having won in most states that had voted, and easily secured the election. 3087:

part because of their animus from the Stanton affair. In his annual message to Congress in December, Johnson urged the repeal of the Tenure of Office Act and told legislators that had they admitted their Southern colleagues in 1865, all would have been well. He celebrated his 60th birthday in late December with a party for several hundred children, though not including those of

1563:, in August 1849, with a greater margin of victory than in previous campaigns. When the House convened in December, the party division caused by the Free Soil Party precluded the formation of the majority needed to elect a Speaker. Johnson proposed adoption of a rule allowing election of a Speaker by a plurality; some weeks later others took up a similar proposal, and Democrat 17390: 1843:, and the legislature organized a referendum on whether to have a constitutional convention to authorize secession; when that failed, they put the question of leaving the Union to a popular vote. Despite threats on Johnson's life, and actual assaults, he campaigned against both questions, sometimes speaking with a gun on the lectern before him. Although Johnson's 3354:, the author accused Rhodes of being "quite unfair to Johnson", though agreeing that the former president had created many of his own problems through inept political moves. These works had an effect; although historians continued to view Johnson as having deep flaws which sabotaged his presidency, they saw his Reconstruction policies as fundamentally correct. 1707:

Johnson." The governor spoke widely in the campaign, and his party won the gubernatorial race and control of the legislature. Johnson's final address as governor gave him the chance to influence his electors, and he made proposals popular among Democrats. Two days later the legislature elected him to the Senate. The opposition was appalled, with the Richmond

1223:. He found work quickly, met his first love, Mary Wood, and made her a quilt as a gift. However, she rejected his marriage proposal. He returned to Raleigh, hoping to buy out his apprenticeship, but could not come to terms with Selby. Unable to stay in Raleigh, where he risked being apprehended for abandoning Selby, he decided to move west. 2147:

Sherman to secure the surrender without making political deals, which he did. Further, Johnson placed a $ 100,000 bounty (equivalent to $ 1.99 million in 2023) on Confederate President Davis, then a fugitive, which gave Johnson the reputation of a man who would be tough on the South. More controversially, he permitted the execution of

1744:

key to defeating the legislation, 30–22. In 1859, it failed on a procedural vote when Vice President Breckinridge broke a tie against the bill, and in 1860, a watered-down version passed both houses, only to be vetoed by Buchanan at the urging of Southerners. Johnson continued his opposition to spending, chairing a committee to control it.

3311:, concurred with Rhodes, believing Johnson flawed and politically inept but concluding that he had tried to carry out Lincoln's plans for the South in good faith. Author and journalist Jay Tolson suggests that Wilson "depict as a vindictive program that hurt even repentant southerners while benefiting northern opportunists, the so-called 1579:, to admit California and pass legislation sought by each side. Johnson voted for all the provisions except for the abolition of the slave trade in the nation's capital. He pressed resolutions for constitutional amendments to provide for popular election of senators (then elected by state legislatures) and of the president (chosen by the 1301:, Eliza supported her husband's endeavors. She taught him mathematics skills and tutored him to improve his writing. Shy and retiring by nature, Eliza Johnson usually remained in Greeneville during Johnson's political rise. She was not often seen during her husband's presidency; their daughter Martha usually served as official hostess. 2355:, and engaging in arguments with hecklers. These exchanges were attacked as beneath the dignity of the presidency. The Republicans won by a landslide, increasing their two-thirds majority in Congress, and made plans to control Reconstruction. Johnson blamed the Democrats for giving only lukewarm support to the National Union movement. 2237:, binding African-American laborers to farms on annual contracts they could not quit, and allowing law enforcement at whim to arrest them for vagrancy and rent out their labor. Most Southerners elected to Congress were former Confederates, with the most prominent being Georgia Senator-designate and former Confederate vice president 1803:, he sent two of his sons and his chief political adviser to represent his interests in the backroom deal-making. The convention deadlocked, with no candidate able to gain the required two-thirds vote, but the sides were too far apart to consider Johnson as a compromise. The party split, with Northerners backing Illinois Senator 3222:(who had voted for conviction), shook his hand. Johnson remains the only former president to serve in the Senate. He spoke only once in the short session, on March 22 lambasting President Grant for his use of federal troops in support of Louisiana's Reconstruction government. The former president asked, "How far off is military 1352: 3083:

report ratifications of the Fourteenth Amendment by the new Southern legislatures, Congress passed a bill, again over his veto, requiring him to do so within ten days of receipt. He still delayed as much as he could, but was required, in July 1868, to report the ratifications making the amendment part of the Constitution.

1987:, a War Democrat, as Seward would probably have had to yield his place if another New Yorker became vice president. Johnson, once he was told by reporters the likely purpose of Sickles' visit, was active on his own behalf, delivering speeches and having his political friends work behind the scenes to boost his candidacy. 1784:, Virginia (today West Virginia). Tensions in Washington between pro- and anti-slavery forces increased greatly. Johnson gave a major speech in the Senate in December, decrying Northerners who would endanger the Union by seeking to outlaw slavery. The Tennessee senator stated that "all men are created equal" from the 2304:. In his hour-long speech, he instead referred to himself over 200 times. More damagingly, he also spoke of "men ... still opposed to the Union" to whom he could not extend the hand of friendship he gave to the South. When called upon by the crowd to say who they were, Johnson named Pennsylvania Congressman 1737:), the matter became caught up in suspicions over the slavery issue. Southern senators felt that those who took advantage of the provisions of the Homestead Bill were more likely to be Northern non-slaveholders. The issue of slavery had been complicated by the Supreme Court's ruling earlier in the year in 3361:

at the end of the 1920s, an historiographical revolution took place. In the span of three years five widely read books appeared, all highly pro-Johnson. ...They differed in general approach and specific interpretations, but they all glorified Johnson and condemned his enemies. According to these

3058:

in New York in July 1868. He remained very popular among Southern whites, and boosted that popularity by issuing, just before the convention, a pardon ending the possibility of criminal proceedings against any Confederate not already indicted, meaning that only Davis and a few others still might face

3045:

into law, believing that the legislation would assist poor whites. Around 28,000 land claims were successfully patented, although few former slaves benefitted from the law, fraud was rampant, and much of the best land was off-limits, reserved for grants to veterans or railroads. In June 1868, Johnson

2583:

With the dealmaking, Johnson was confident of the result in advance of the verdict, and in the days leading up to the ballot, newspapers reported that Stevens and his Radicals had given up. On May 16, the Senate voted on the 11th article of impeachment, accusing Johnson of firing Stanton in violation

2472:

The adverse results momentarily put a stop to Republican calls to impeach Johnson, who was elated by the elections. Nevertheless, once Congress met in November, the Judiciary Committee reversed itself and passed a resolution of impeachment against Johnson. After much debate about whether anything the

2208:

sought voting and other civil rights for African Americans. They believed that the freedmen could be induced to vote Republican in gratitude for emancipation, and that black votes could keep the Republicans in power and Southern Democrats, including former rebels, out of influence. They believed that

2003:

offered a resolution to nominate Hamlin, but it was defeated. Johnson was nominated for vice president by C.M. Allen of Indiana with an Iowa delegate seconding it. On the first ballot, Johnson led with 200 votes to 150 for Hamlin and 108 for Dickinson. On the second ballot, Kentucky switched its vote

1827:

that if Southerners would only hold to their seats, the Democrats would control the Senate, and could defend the South's interests against any infringement by Lincoln. Gordon-Reed points out that while Johnson's belief in an indissoluble Union was sincere, he had alienated Southern leaders, including

1822:

Johnson took to the Senate floor after the election, giving a speech well received in the North, "I will not give up this government ... No; I intend to stand by it ... and I invite every man who is a patriot to ... rally around the altar of our common country ... and swear by our

1743:

that slavery could not be prohibited in the territories. Johnson, a slaveholding senator from a Southern state, made a major speech in the Senate the following May in an attempt to convince his colleagues that the Homestead Bill and slavery were not incompatible. Nevertheless, Southern opposition was

1537:

not personally hostile to me during my whole term. He is very vindictive and perverse in his temper and conduct. If he had the manliness and independence to declare his opposition openly, he knows he could not be elected by his constituents. I am not aware that I have ever given him cause for offense.

1370:

Andrew Johnson freed his slaves on August 8, 1863; they remained with him as paid servants. A year later, Johnson, as military governor of Tennessee, proclaimed the freedom of Tennessee's slaves. Sam and Margaret, Johnson's former slaves, lived in his tailor shop while he was president, without rent.

1304:

Johnson's tailoring business prospered during the early years of the marriage, enabling him to hire help and giving him the funds to invest profitably in real estate. He later boasted of his talents as a tailor, "my work never ripped or gave way". He was a voracious reader. Books about famous orators

3415:

We know the results of Johnson's failures—that his preternatural stubbornness, his mean and crude racism, his primitive and instrumental understanding of the Constitution stunted his capacity for enlightened and forward-thinking leadership when those qualities were so desperately needed. At the same

3130:

Some expected Johnson to run for Governor of Tennessee or for the Senate again, while others thought that he would become a railroad executive. Johnson found Greeneville boring, and his private life was embittered by the suicide of his son Robert in 1869. Seeking vindication for himself, and revenge

3086:

Seymour's operatives sought Johnson's support, but he long remained silent on the presidential campaign. It was not until October, with the vote already having taken place in some states, that he mentioned Seymour at all, and he never endorsed him. Nevertheless, Johnson regretted Grant's victory, in

2619:

Allegations were made at the time and again later that bribery dictated the outcome of the trial. Even when it was in progress, Representative Butler began an investigation, held contentious hearings, and issued a report, unendorsed by any other congressman. Butler focused on a New York–based "Astor

2449:

issue an opinion backing his position that they could not. Johnson sought to pin down Stanton either as for, and thus endorsing Johnson's position, or against, showing himself to be opposed to his president and the rest of the Cabinet. Stanton evaded the point in meetings and written communications.

2146:

for the surrender of Confederate forces in North Carolina in exchange for the existing state government remaining in power, with private property rights (slaves) to be respected. This did not even grant freedom to those in slavery. This was not acceptable to Johnson or the Cabinet, who sent word for

1626:

If Johnson considered retiring from politics upon deciding not to seek reelection, he soon changed his mind. His political friends began to maneuver to get him the nomination for governor. The Democratic convention unanimously named him, though some party members were not happy at his selection. The

1590:

to oppose Johnson as he sought a fifth term; the Whigs were so pleased with the internecine battle among the Democrats in the general election that they did not nominate a candidate of their own. The campaign included fierce debates: Johnson's main issue was the passage of the Homestead Bill; Haynes

1125:

Johnson returned to Tennessee after his presidency and gained some vindication when he was elected to the Senate in 1875, making him the only president to afterwards serve in the Senate. He died five months into his term. Johnson's strong opposition to federally guaranteed rights for black Americans

3385:

Earlier historians, including Beale, believed that money drove events, and had seen Reconstruction as an economic struggle. They also accepted, for the most part, that reconciliation between North and South should have been the top priority of Reconstruction. In the 1950s, historians began to focus

3366:

Beale wondered in 1940, "is it not time that we studied the history of Reconstruction without first assuming, at least subconsciously, that carpetbaggers and Southern white Republicans were wicked, that Negroes were illiterate incompetents, and that the whole white South owes a debt of gratitude to

3294:

Johnson acted in accordance with his nature. He had intellectual force but it worked in a groove. Obstinate rather than firm it undoubtedly seemed to him that following counsel and making concessions were a display of weakness. At all events from his December message to the veto of the Civil Rights

3109:

On March 3, the President hosted a large public reception at the White House on his final full day in office. Grant had made it known that he was unwilling to ride in the same carriage as Johnson, as was customary, and Johnson refused to go to the inauguration at all. Despite an effort by Seward to

2433:

Grant, worked to undermine the president's Southern policy from within his own administration. Johnson considered firing Stanton, but respected him for his wartime service as secretary. Stanton, for his part, feared allowing Johnson to appoint his successor and refused to resign, despite his public

2288:

beyond its scheduled abolition in 1867, and the first Civil Rights Bill, to grant citizenship to the freedmen. Trumbull met several times with Johnson and was convinced the President would sign the measures (Johnson rarely contradicted visitors, often fooling those who met with him into thinking he

2261:

Congress was reluctant to confront the President, and initially only sought to fine-tune Johnson's policies towards the South. According to Trefousse, "If there was a time when Johnson could have come to an agreement with the moderates of the Republican Party, it was the period following the return

2248:

Northerners were outraged at the idea of unrepentant Confederate leaders, such as Stephens, rejoining the federal government at a time when emotional wounds from the war remained raw. They saw the Black Codes placing African Americans in a position barely above slavery. Republicans also feared that

2232:

As Southern states began the process of forming governments, Johnson's policies received considerable public support in the North, which he took as unconditional backing for quick reinstatement of the South. While he received such support from the white South, he underestimated the determination of

2217:

Johnson was initially left to devise a Reconstruction policy without legislative intervention, as Congress was not due to meet again until December 1865. Radical Republicans told the President that the Southern states were economically in a state of chaos and urged him to use his leverage to insist

2126:

The events of the assassination resulted in speculation, then and subsequently, concerning Johnson and what the conspirators might have intended for him. In the vain hope of having his life spared after his capture, Atzerodt spoke much about the conspiracy, but did not say anything to indicate that

2122:

presiding in the presence of most of the Cabinet. Johnson's demeanor was described by the newspapers as "solemn and dignified". Some Cabinet members had last seen Johnson, apparently drunk, at the inauguration. At noon, Johnson conducted his first Cabinet meeting in the Treasury Secretary's office,

2015:

Although it was unusual at the time for a national candidate to actively campaign, Johnson gave a number of speeches in Tennessee, Kentucky, Ohio, and Indiana. He also sought to boost his chances in Tennessee while reestablishing civil government by making the loyalty oath even more restrictive, in

1900:

As military governor, Johnson sought to eliminate rebel influence in the state. He demanded loyalty oaths from public officials, and shut down all newspapers owned by Confederate sympathizers. Much of eastern Tennessee remained in Confederate hands, and the ebb and flow of war during 1862 sometimes

1876:

Johnson's first tenure in the Senate came to a conclusion in March 1862 when Lincoln appointed him military governor of Tennessee. Much of the central and western portions of that seceded state had been recovered. Although some argued that civil government should simply resume once the Confederates

1214:

Johnson was not happy at James Selby's, and after about five years, both he and his brother ran away. Selby responded by placing a reward for their return: "Ten Dollars Reward. Ran away from the subscriber, two apprentice boys, legally bound, named William and Andrew Johnson ... to any person

3269:

According to Castel, "historians have tended to concentrate to the exclusion of practically everything else upon his role in that titanic event ." Through the remainder of the 19th century, there were few historical evaluations of Johnson and his presidency. Memoirs from Northerners who had dealt

3126:

After leaving the presidency, Johnson remained for some weeks in Washington, then returned to Greeneville for the first time in eight years. He was honored with large public celebrations along the way, especially in Tennessee, where cities hostile to him during the war hung out welcome banners. He

2371:

in voting for it. As the amendment required ratification by three-quarters of the states to become part of the Constitution, he believed the deadlock would be broken in his favor, leading to his election in 1868. Once it reconvened in December 1866, an energized Congress began passing legislation,

2334:

to the states. Written by Trumbull and others, it was sent for ratification by state legislatures in a process in which the president plays no part, though Johnson opposed it. The amendment was designed to put the key provisions of the Civil Rights Act into the Constitution, but also went further.

2200:

Johnson had three goals in Reconstruction. He sought a speedy restoration of the states, on the grounds that they had never truly left the Union, and thus should again be recognized once loyal citizens formed a government. To Johnson, African-American suffrage was a delay and a distraction; it had

2023:

Now Vice President-elect, Johnson was eager to complete the work of reestablishing civilian government in Tennessee, although the timetable for the election of a new governor did not allow it to take place until after Inauguration Day, March 4. He hoped to remain in Nashville to complete his task,

1536:

Among the visitors I observed in the crowd today was Hon. Andrew Johnson of the Ho. Repts. Though he represents a Democratic District in Tennessee (my own State) this is the first time I have seen him during the present session of Congress. Professing to be a Democrat, he has been politically, if

1396:

free people of color. The convention also wanted to reform real estate tax rates, and provide ways of funding improvements to Tennessee's infrastructure. The constitution was submitted for a public vote, and Johnson spoke widely for its adoption; the successful campaign provided him with statewide

1174:

ancestry. He had a brother William, four years his senior, and an older sister Elizabeth, who died in childhood. Johnson's birth in a two-room shack was a political asset in the mid-19th century, and he would frequently remind voters of his humble origins. Jacob Johnson was a poor man, as had been

1101:

to deprive the freedmen of many civil liberties, but Congressional Republicans refused to seat legislators from those states and advanced legislation to overrule the Southern actions. Johnson vetoed their bills, and Congressional Republicans overrode him, setting a pattern for the remainder of his

3394:

writers stated they hoped their work on the postbellum era would advance the cause of civil rights. These authors sympathized with the Radical Republicans for their desire to help the African American, and saw Johnson as callous towards the freedman. In a number of works from 1956 onwards by such

3381:

deemed Johnson among the average presidents; in 1956, one by Clinton L. Rossiter named him as one of the near-great chief executives. Foner notes that at the time of these surveys, "the Reconstruction era that followed the Civil War was regarded as a time of corruption and misgovernment caused by

2441:

with reporting back to the full House whether there were grounds for Johnson to be impeached. This committee duly met, examined the President's bank accounts, and summoned members of the Cabinet to testify. When a federal court released former Confederate president Davis on bail on May 13 (he had

1969:

to Nashville on a fact-finding mission. Although Sickles denied that he was there either to investigate or interview the military governor, Johnson biographer Hans L. Trefousse believes that Sickles's trip was connected to Johnson's subsequent nomination for vice president. According to historian

1920:

in January 1863, declaring freedom for all slaves in Confederate-held areas, he exempted Tennessee at Johnson's request. The proclamation increased the debate over what should become of the slaves after the war, as not all Unionists supported abolition. Johnson finally decided that slavery had to

1706:

wrote to his uncle, "The great anxiety of the Whigs is to elect a majority in the legislature so as to defeat Andrew Johnson for senator. Should the Democrats have the majority, he will certainly be their choice, and there is no man living to whom the Americans and Whigs have as much antipathy as

3406:

the worst president, "Johnson is a particular favorite for the bottom of the pile because of his impeachment ... his complete mishandling of Reconstruction policy ... his bristling personality, and his enormous sense of self-importance." Tolson suggests that "Johnson is now scorned for

3139:

led to a Democratic victory in the legislative elections in August 1869. Johnson was seen as a likely victor in the Senate election, although hated by Radical Republicans, and by some Democrats because of his wartime activities. Although he was at one point within a single vote of victory in the

3082:

The conflict with Congress continued. Johnson sent Congress proposals for amendments to limit the president to a single six-year term and make the president and the Senate directly elected, and for term limits for judges. Congress took no action on them. When the President was slow to officially

2476:

Johnson notified Congress of Stanton's suspension and Grant's interim appointment. In January 1868, the Senate disapproved of his action, and reinstated Stanton, contending the President had violated the Tenure of Office Act. Grant stepped aside over Johnson's objection, causing a complete break

2392:

over the President's veto, in response to statements during the Swing Around the Circle that he planned to fire Cabinet secretaries who did not agree with him. This bill, requiring Senate approval for the firing of Cabinet members during the tenure of the president who appointed them and for one

2644:

that there would be no change in foreign policy. In practice, this meant that Seward would continue to run things as he had under Lincoln. Seward and Lincoln had been rivals for the nomination in 1860; the victor hoped that Seward would succeed him as president in 1869. At the time of Johnson's

2027:

Johnson traveled to Washington to be sworn into office, although according to Gordon-Reed, "in light of what happened on March 4, 1865, it might have been better if Johnson had stayed in Nashville." Johnson may have been ill; Castel cited typhoid fever, though Gordon-Reed notes that there is no

2584:

of the Tenure of Office of Act once the Senate had overturned his suspension. Thirty-five senators voted "guilty" and 19 "not guilty", thus falling short by a single vote of the two-thirds majority required for conviction under the Constitution. Ten Republicans—Senators Grimes, Ross, Trumbull,

1513:, a proposal to ban slavery in any territory gained from Mexico. He introduced for the first time his Homestead Bill, to grant 160 acres (65 ha) to people willing to settle the land and gain title to it. This issue was especially important to Johnson because of his own humble beginnings. 1467:

in 1841, where he served a two-year term. He had achieved financial success in his tailoring business, but sold it to concentrate on politics. He had also acquired additional real estate, including a larger home and a farm (where his mother and stepfather took residence), and among his assets

1451:

and the Whigs defeated Johnson for reelection in 1837, Johnson would not lose another race for thirty years. In 1839, he sought to regain his seat, initially as a Whig, but when another candidate sought the Whig nomination, he ran as a Democrat and was elected. From that time he supported the

1194:

Johnson's mother apprenticed her son William to a tailor, James Selby. Andrew also became an apprentice in Selby's shop at age ten and was legally bound to serve until his 21st birthday. Johnson lived with his mother for part of his service, and one of Selby's employees taught him rudimentary

3416:

time, Johnson's story has a miraculous quality to it: the poor boy who systematically rose to the heights, fell from grace, and then fought his way back to a position of honor in the country. For good or ill, "only in America", as they say, could Johnson's story unfold in the way that it did.

2547:

The defense relied on the provision of the Tenure of Office Act that made it applicable only to appointees of the current administration. Since Lincoln had appointed Stanton, the defense maintained Johnson had not violated the act, and also argued that the President had the right to test the

2037:

as Lincoln, the Congress, and dignitaries looked on. Almost incoherent at times, he finally meandered to a halt, whereupon Hamlin hastily swore him in as vice president. Lincoln, who had watched sadly during the debacle, then went to his own swearing-in outside the Capitol, and delivered his

3248:

Johnson returned home after the special session concluded. In late July 1875, convinced some of his opponents were defaming him in the Ohio gubernatorial race, he decided to travel there to give speeches. He began the trip on July 28, and broke the journey at his daughter Mary's farm near

3025:, but Congress eliminated the seat to prevent the appointment, and to ensure that he did not get to make any appointments eliminated the next vacancy as well, providing that the court would shrink by one justice when one next departed from office. Johnson appointed his Greeneville crony, 1901:

brought Confederate control again close to Nashville. However, the Confederates allowed his wife and family to pass through the lines to join him. Johnson undertook the defense of Nashville as well as he could, though the city was continually harassed by cavalry raids led by General

1645:

Although the Whig Party was on its final decline nationally, it remained strong in Tennessee, and the outlook for Democrats there in 1855 was poor. Feeling that reelection as governor was necessary to give him a chance at the higher offices he sought, Johnson agreed to make the run.

1476:

Having served in both houses of the state legislature, Johnson saw election to Congress as the next step in his political career. He engaged in a number of political maneuvers to gain Democratic support, including the displacement of the Whig postmaster in Greeneville, and defeated

1658:. Johnson favored the first, but opposed the others. Gentry was more equivocal on the alcohol question, and had gained the support of the Know Nothings, a group Johnson portrayed as a secret society. Johnson was unexpectedly victorious, albeit with a narrower margin than in 1853. 2327:, in his volume on Reconstruction, views it as "the most disastrous miscalculation of his political career". According to Stewart, the veto was "for many his defining blunder, setting a tone of perpetual confrontation with Congress that prevailed for the rest of his presidency". 2442:

been captured shortly after the war), the committee investigated whether the President had impeded the prosecution. It learned that Johnson was eager to have Davis tried. A bipartisan majority of the committee voted down impeachment charges; the committee adjourned on June 3.

3213:

calling it "the most magnificent personal triumph which the history of American politics can show". At his swearing-in in the Senate on March 5, 1875, he was greeted with flowers, and sworn in alongside Hamlin (his predecessor as vice president) by incumbent Vice President

1858:, Johnson had Lincoln's ear in the early months of the war. With most of Tennessee in Confederate hands, Johnson spent congressional recesses in Kentucky and Ohio, trying in vain to convince any Union commander who would listen to conduct an operation into East Tennessee. 1347:

and was known for being a proud man who negotiated the nature of his work with the Johnson family. Notably, he received some monetary compensation for his labors and negotiated with Andrew Johnson to receive a tract of land which Andrew Johnson gave him for free in 1867.

1599:, Johnson campaigned for him. Pierce was elected, but he failed to carry Tennessee. In 1852, Johnson managed to get the House to pass his Homestead Bill, but it failed in the Senate. The Whigs had gained control of the Tennessee legislature, and, under the leadership of 2372:

often over a presidential veto; this included the District of Columbia voting bill. Congress admitted Nebraska to the Union over a veto, and the Republicans gained two senators and a state that promptly ratified the amendment. Johnson's veto of a bill for statehood for

3410:

Trefousse considers Johnson's legacy to be "the maintenance of white supremacy. His boost to Southern conservatives by undermining Reconstruction was his legacy to the nation, one that would trouble the country for generations to come." Gordon-Reed states of Johnson:

3399:, the former president was depicted as a successful saboteur of efforts to better the freedman's lot. These volumes included major biographies of Stevens and Stanton. Reconstruction was increasingly seen as a noble effort to integrate the freed slaves into society. 2184:

Upon taking office, Johnson faced the question of what to do with the former Confederacy. President Lincoln had authorized loyalist governments in Virginia, Arkansas, Louisiana, and Tennessee as the Union came to control large parts of those states and advocated a

1195:

literacy skills. His education was augmented by citizens who would come to Selby's shop to read to the tailors as they worked. Even before he became an apprentice, Johnson came to listen. The readings caused a lifelong love of learning, and one of his biographers,

1078:, Johnson was elected to the House of Representatives in 1843, where he served five two-year terms. He became governor of Tennessee for four years, and was elected by the legislature to the Senate in 1857. During his congressional service, he sought passage of the 1452:

Democratic party and built a powerful political machine in Greene County. Johnson became a strong advocate of the Democratic Party, noted for his oratory, and in an era when public speaking both informed the public and entertained it, people flocked to hear him.

1680:

Johnson decided not to seek a third term as governor, with an eye towards election to the U.S. Senate. In 1857, while returning from Washington, his train derailed, causing serious damage to his right arm. This injury would trouble him in the years to come.

2114:, awoke Johnson with news of Lincoln's shooting. Johnson rushed to the President's deathbed, where he remained a short time, on his return promising, "They shall suffer for this. They shall suffer for this." Lincoln died at 7:22 am the next morning; 2225:. The second provided amnesty for all ex-rebels except those holding property valued at $ 20,000 or more; it also appointed a temporary governor for North Carolina and authorized elections. Neither of these proclamations included provisions regarding 8318: 2564:

received assurances that the new, Radical-influenced constitutions ratified in South Carolina and Arkansas would be transmitted to the Congress without delay, an action which would give him and other senators political cover to vote for acquittal.

7265:

O'Brien, John J., III. "The Mechanic Statesman and the Military Chieftain: Andrew Johnson, William B. Campbell and the Meaning of Liberty and Union in Antebellum Tennessee" (PhD thesis, Saint Louis University; ProQuest Dissertations Publishing,

1974:

in his account of Johnson's presidency, Lincoln was impressed by Johnson's administration of Tennessee. Gordon-Reed points out that while the Lincoln-Hamlin ticket might have been considered geographically balanced in 1860, "having Johnson, the

2555:

that he would not interfere with Congress's Reconstruction efforts. Grimes reported to a group of Moderates, many of whom voted for acquittal, that he believed the President would keep his word. Johnson also promised to install the respected

1747:

He argued against funding to build infrastructure in Washington, D.C., stating that it was unfair to expect state citizens to pay for the city's streets, even if it was the seat of government. He opposed spending money for troops to put down

17660: 16325: 2668:(today Alaska) as a financial liability, and feared losing control to Britain whose troops would easily swoop in and annex the territory from neighboring Canada in any future conflict. Negotiations between Russia and the U.S. over the 2218:

on rights for freedmen as a condition of restoration to the Union. But Johnson, with the support of other officials including Seward, insisted that the franchise was a state, not a federal matter. The Cabinet was divided on the issue.

2579:

who left office in early 1869, was a Radical who supported such measures as women's suffrage, placing him beyond the pale politically in much of the nation. Additionally, a President Wade was seen as an obstacle to Grant's ambitions.

2102:, a Confederate sympathizer. The shooting of the President was part of a conspiracy to assassinate Lincoln, Johnson, and Seward the same night. Seward barely survived his wounds, while Johnson escaped attack as his would-be assassin, 2032:

the following morning at the Capitol, he asked Vice President Hamlin for some whiskey. Hamlin produced a bottle, and Johnson took two stiff drinks, stating "I need all the strength for the occasion I can have." In the Senate Chamber,

1500:

Johnson believed, as did many Southern Democrats, that the Constitution protected private property, including slaves, and thus prohibited the federal and state governments from abolishing slavery. He won a second term in 1845 against

2316:, and accused them of plotting his assassination. Republicans viewed the address as a declaration of war, while one Democratic ally estimated Johnson's speech cost the party 200,000 votes in the 1866 congressional midterm elections. 12375: 12370: 2057:, presaging the end of the war. Lincoln stated, in response to criticism of Johnson's behavior, that "I have known Andy Johnson for many years; he made a bad slip the other day, but you need not be scared; Andy ain't a drunkard." 1669:". His position that the best interests of the Union were served by slavery in some areas made him a practical compromise candidate for president. He was never a major contender; the nomination fell to former Pennsylvania senator 1998:

in Baltimore in June, Lincoln was easily nominated, although there had been some talk of replacing him with a cabinet officer or one of the more successful generals. After the convention backed Lincoln, former Secretary of War

2127:

the plotted assassination of Johnson was merely a ruse. Conspiracy theorists point to the fact that on the day of the assassination, Booth came to the Kirkwood House and left one of his cards with Johnson's private secretary,

15214: 2706:, in late 1868, it was ignored by the Senate during the remainder of the President's term. The treaty was rejected after he left office, and the Grant administration later negotiated considerably better terms from Britain. 2481:

to replace him. Stanton refused to leave his office, and on February 24, 1868, the House impeached the President for intentionally violating the Tenure of Office Act, by a vote of 128 to 47. The House subsequently adopted

1877:

were defeated in an area, Lincoln chose to use his power as commander in chief to appoint military governors over Union-controlled Southern regions. The Senate quickly confirmed Johnson's nomination along with the rank of

3334:) was setting out on the full rehabilitation of Johnson, using for the first time primary sources such as his papers, provided by his daughter Martha before her death in 1901, and the diaries of Johnson's Navy Secretary, 13693: 5877: 2338:

Efforts to compromise failed, and a political war ensued between the united Republicans on one side, and on the other, Johnson and his Northern and Southern allies in the Democratic Party. He called a convention of the

1881:. In response, the Confederates confiscated his land and his slaves, and turned his home into a military hospital. Later in 1862, after his departure from the Senate and in the absence of most Southern legislators, the 1729:, had expired in March). He came to Washington as usual without his wife and family; Eliza would visit Washington only once during Johnson's first time as senator, in 1860. Johnson immediately set about introducing the 2090:

On the afternoon of April 14, 1865, Lincoln and Johnson met for the first time since the inauguration. Trefousse states that Johnson wanted to "induce Lincoln not to be too lenient with traitors"; Gordon-Reed agrees.

1570:

Once the Speaker election had concluded and Congress was ready to conduct legislative business, the issue of slavery took center stage. Northerners sought to admit California, a free state, to the Union. Kentucky's

7269:

Wedge, Lucius. "Andrew Johnson and the ministers of Nashville: A study in the relationship between war, politics, and morality" (PhD thesis, University of Akron; ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2013. 3671127).

7262:

Miller, Zachary A. "False Idol: The Memory of Andrew Johnson and Reconstruction in Greeneville, Tennessee 1869-2022" (MA thesis, East Tennessee State University ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2022. 29384020).

2548:

constitutionality of an act of Congress. Johnson's counsel insisted that he make no appearance at the trial, nor publicly comment about the proceedings, and except for a pair of interviews in April, he complied.

2387:

as it was presented to him less than ten days before the end of the Thirty-Ninth Congress, he chose to veto it directly on March 2, 1867; Congress overruled him the same day. Also on March 2, Congress passed the

2473:

President had done was a high crime or misdemeanor, the standard under the Constitution, the resolution was defeated by the House of Representatives on December 7, 1867, by a vote of 57 in favor to 108 opposed.

17680: 1823:

God, and all that is sacred and holy, that the Constitution shall be saved, and the Union preserved." As Southern senators announced they would resign if their states seceded, he reminded Mississippi Senator

5781: 3278:

in his journal article about the historiography of Reconstruction, "Men of the postwar decades were more concerned with justifying their own position than they were with painstaking search for truth. Thus

8325: 12748: 3149: 2445:

Later in June, Johnson and Stanton battled over the question of whether the military officers placed in command of the South could override the civil authorities. The President had Attorney General

2343:. Republicans had returned to using their previous identifier; Johnson intended to use the discarded name to unite his supporters and gain election to a full term, in 1868. The battleground was the 1819:, known to be against the spread of slavery, was unacceptable to many in the South. Although secession from the Union had not been an issue in the campaign, talk of it began in the Southern states. 1485:

stance, argued for only limited spending by the government and opposed protective tariffs. With Eliza remaining in Greeneville, Congressman Johnson shunned social functions in favor of study in the

1481:

lawyer John A. Aiken by 5,495 votes to 4,892. In Washington, he joined a new Democratic majority in the House of Representatives. Johnson advocated for the interests of the poor, maintained an anti-

1795:

Johnson hoped that he would be a compromise candidate for the presidential nomination as the Democratic Party tore itself apart over the slavery question. Busy with the Homestead Bill during the

3063:, who had been his Democratic opponent for vice president in 1864. Johnson's support was mostly from the South, and fell away as the ballots passed. On the 22nd ballot, former New York governor 3386:

on the African-American experience as central to Reconstruction. They rejected completely any claim of black inferiority, which had marked many earlier historical works, and saw the developing

2393:

month afterwards, was immediately controversial, with some senators doubting that it was constitutional or that its terms applied to Johnson, whose key Cabinet officers were Lincoln holdovers.

1979:

War Democrat, on the ticket sent the right message about the folly of secession and the continuing capacity for union within the country." Another factor was the desire of Secretary of State

1371:

As a sign of appreciation for proclaiming freedom, Andrew Johnson was given a watch by newly emancipated people in Tennessee inscribed with "for his Untiring Energy in the Cause of Freedom".

1634:

Tennessee's governor had little power: Johnson could propose legislation but not veto it, and most appointments were made by the Whig-controlled legislature. Nevertheless, the office was a "

3094:

On Christmas Day 1868, Johnson issued a final amnesty, this one covering everyone, including Davis. He also issued, in his final months in office, pardons for crimes, including one for Dr.

1097:, a series of proclamations directing the seceded states to hold conventions and elections to reform their civil governments. Southern states returned many of their old leaders and passed 17635: 17620: 15559: 7230:

Jones, Robert B., and Mark E. Byrnes. “‘Rebels Never Forgive’: Former President Andrew Johnson and the Senate Election of 1869.” Tennessee Historical Quarterly 66, no. 3 (2007): 250–69.

3156:, decided to run as an independent. The former president was defeated, finishing third, but the split in the Democratic Party defeated Cheatham in favor of an old Johnson Unionist ally, 2351:". The trip, including speeches in Chicago, St. Louis, Indianapolis, and Columbus, proved politically disastrous, with the President making controversial comparisons between himself and 17505: 17500: 13808: 2421:

editorial cartoon, shows Secretary of War Stanton aiming a cannon labeled "Congress" to defeat Johnson. The rammer is "Tenure of Office Bill" and cannonballs on the floor are "Justice".

2284:, leader of the Moderate Republicans and Chairman of the Judiciary Committee, was anxious to reach an understanding with the President. He ushered through Congress a bill extending the 1714:

Johnson gained high office due to his proven record as a man popular among the small farmers and self-employed tradesmen who made up much of Tennessee's electorate. He called them the "

2221:

Johnson's first Reconstruction actions were two proclamations, with the unanimous backing of his Cabinet, on May 29. One recognized the Virginia government led by provisional Governor

17129: 16740: 3234: 3145: 1541:

Johnson, due to national interest in new railroad construction and in response to the need for better transportation in his own district, also supported government assistance for the

1127: 5881: 16471: 16038: 15962: 15850: 15789: 15738: 1847:

was largely against secession, the second referendum passed, and in June 1861, Tennessee joined the Confederacy. Believing he would be killed if he stayed, Johnson fled through the

15474: 15460: 13028: 17555: 10139: 2049:. When he did return to Washington, it was with the intent of leaving for Tennessee to reestablish his family in Greeneville. Instead, he remained after word came that General 17344: 17091: 11759: 7667: 2508: 1243:, but was called back to Raleigh by his mother and stepfather, who saw limited opportunities there and who wished to emigrate west. Johnson and his party traveled through the 793: 13703: 12399: 7504: 2034: 767: 15835: 2245:

to them was well received. Nevertheless, Congress refused to seat the Southern legislators and established a committee to recommend appropriate Reconstruction legislation.

1251:. Andrew Johnson fell in love with the town at first sight, and when he became prosperous purchased the land where he had first camped and planted a tree in commemoration. 14144: 14139: 14134: 14129: 14124: 14119: 14114: 8311: 3131:

against his political enemies, he launched a Senate bid soon after returning home. Tennessee had gone Republican, but court rulings restoring the vote to some whites and

2632:

to bribe senators to acquit Johnson. Butler went so far as to imprison Woolley in the Capitol building when he refused to answer questions, but failed to prove bribery.

17600: 11752: 10614: 8047: 16101: 3110:

prompt a change of mind, he spent the morning of March 4 finishing last-minute business, and then shortly after noon rode from the White House to the home of a friend.

1305:

aroused his interest in political dialogue, and he had private debates on the issues of the day with customers who held opposing views. He also took part in debates at

17580: 17490: 10555: 3402:

In the early 21st century, Johnson is among those commonly mentioned as the worst presidents in U.S. history. According to historian Glenn W. Lafantasie, who believes

2728: 2629: 17670: 16680: 16437: 16081: 1950:

of Maine. Although Hamlin had served competently, was in good health, and was willing to run again, Johnson emerged as running mate for Lincoln's reelection bid in

17510: 12385: 12380: 12365: 12360: 12355: 12350: 12345: 4227:

The diary of James K. Polk during his presidency, 1845 to 1849: now first printed from the original manuscript in the Collections of the Chicago Historical Society

3486: 3299:

Rhodes ascribed Johnson's faults to his personal weaknesses, and blamed him for the problems of the postbellum South. Other early 20th-century historians, such as

1650:

received the Whig nomination. A series of more than a dozen vitriolic debates ensued. The issues in the campaign were slavery, the prohibition of alcohol, and the

15805: 2379:

In January 1867, Congressman Stevens introduced legislation to dissolve the Southern state governments and reconstitute them into five military districts, under

1532:

was easily victorious, and carried Tennessee. Johnson's relations with Polk remained poor; the President recorded of his final New Year's reception in 1849 that

1505:, presenting himself as the defender of the poor against the aristocracy. In his second term, Johnson supported the Polk administration's decision to fight the 17605: 17122: 16868: 16733: 16640: 16542: 16076: 15625: 15595: 15355: 13708: 8412: 2483: 2364: 2331: 1103: 870: 1591:

contended it would facilitate abolition. Johnson won the election by more than 1,600 votes. Though he was not enamored of the party's presidential nominee in

17655: 17625: 17485: 15754: 2344: 16169: 7190:

Cashdollar, Charles D. “Andrew Johnson and the Philadelphia Election of 1866.” The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 92, no. 3 (1968): 365–83.

2672:

were halted due to the outbreak of the Civil War, but after the U.S. victory in the war, talks resumed. Russia instructed its minister in Washington, Baron

13021: 7976: 7288: 4074: 3199: 2189:

that would allow elections after ten percent of the voters in any state took an oath of future loyalty to the Union. Congress considered this too lenient;

1388:

ticket in the 1829 Greeneville municipal election. He was elected town alderman, along with his friends Blackston McDannel and Mordecai Lincoln. Following

3958: 12980: 10132: 6025:

How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda

17565: 16418: 7537: 3004: 1110:

promoting his executive policies, seeking to break Republican opposition. As the conflict grew between the branches of government, Congress passed the

803: 3171:

about $ 73,000 (~$ 1.69 million in 2023) when the First National Bank of Washington went under, though he was eventually repaid much of the sum.

2429:

was an able and hard-working man, but difficult to deal with. Johnson both admired and was exasperated by his War Secretary, who, in combination with

1420:, Johnson "demolished" the opposition in debate and won the election with almost a two to one margin. During his Greeneville days, Johnson joined the 17590: 17115: 16726: 16413: 15256: 2569: 1638:" that allowed him to publicize himself and his political views. He succeeded in getting the appointments he wanted in return for his endorsement of 7614: 6475:

Tennessee: a guide to the state, compiled and written by the Federal writers' project of the Work projects administration for the state of Tennessee

17675: 17550: 17535: 16351: 15047: 13345: 13210: 12767: 12760: 9759: 9242: 7335: 2688:

as Denmark agreed to sell and the local population approved the transfer in a plebiscite, but the Senate never voted on the treaty and it expired.

2438: 2045:

In the weeks after the inauguration, Johnson only presided over the Senate briefly, and hid from public ridicule at the Maryland home of a friend,

1559:

During his campaign for a fourth term, Johnson concentrated on three issues: slavery, homesteads and judicial elections. He defeated his opponent,

7310: 6473: 17570: 16445: 13867: 13845: 13688: 13014: 12970: 12850: 10630: 10577: 9252: 8961: 1811:

running a fourth-party candidacy and further dividing the vote, the Republican Party elected its first president, former Illinois representative

999: 8941: 3286:

The turn of the 20th century saw the first significant historical evaluations of Johnson. Leading the wave was Pulitzer Prize-winning historian

1497:

in 1844, and Johnson had campaigned for him, the two men had difficult relations, and President Polk refused some of his patronage suggestions.

1265:

In Greeneville, Johnson established a successful tailoring business in the front of his home. In 1827, at the age of 18, he married 16-year-old

1070:

Johnson was born into poverty and never attended school. He was apprenticed as a tailor and worked in several frontier towns before settling in

15600: 12719: 10548: 10125: 9217: 8380: 7634: 7259:

McGuire, Tom. "Andrew Johnson and the northern revolution" (PhD thesis, Columbia University; ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2007. 3266640).

2699: 1829: 845: 17520: 16287: 15610: 15574: 15365: 15039: 13683: 12275: 10148: 9706: 9212: 8375: 8358: 8239: 8201: 7871: 7629: 7532: 7450: 3431: 2039: 1702:

The victors in the 1857 state legislative campaign would, once they convened in October, elect a United States Senator. Former Whig governor

865: 840: 5866: 1428:, though while an enrolled member, Johnson was fined for an unknown offense. Afterwards, he was often addressed or referred to by his rank. 17665: 17540: 17349: 17096: 16655: 13571: 11399: 11379: 11359: 11339: 11319: 11299: 11279: 11259: 11239: 11219: 11199: 11179: 11159: 11139: 11119: 11099: 11079: 11059: 11039: 11019: 10999: 10979: 10959: 10939: 10919: 10899: 10879: 10859: 10839: 9726: 9373: 9287: 9262: 9227: 9202: 7439: 2513: 1542: 6060: 3274:, depicted him as an obstinate boor who tried to favor the South in Reconstruction but was frustrated by Congress. According to historian 3186:

covered Johnson extensively; here Nast personally welcomes Johnson back to public life, where he may again become target of Nast's work -

1792:

contained that phrase—and that document barred voting by African Americans. Johnson, by this time, was a wealthy man who owned 14 slaves.

1455:

In 1840, Johnson was selected as a presidential elector for Tennessee, giving him more statewide publicity. Although Democratic President

17585: 17525: 12807: 12695: 9716: 9207: 7698: 4241: 1367:, who was 13 at the time and would later accompany the Johnson family to the White House. Ultimately, Johnson owned at least ten slaves. 2016:

that voters would now have to swear that they opposed making a settlement with the Confederacy. The Democratic candidate for president,

1074:, serving as an alderman and mayor before being elected to the Tennessee House of Representatives in 1835. After briefly serving in the 16927: 15110: 15100: 14950: 14816: 14801: 14662: 14528: 14518: 14379: 14332: 14098: 14093: 14088: 14083: 14078: 14073: 14068: 12897: 9257: 9247: 9232: 2437:

The new Congress met for a few weeks in March 1867, then adjourned, leaving the House Committee on the Judiciary behind, tasked in the

17595: 17530: 16132: 15120: 15080: 14987: 14915: 14848: 14826: 14781: 14704: 14672: 14632: 14560: 14538: 14498: 14426: 14404: 14364: 14312: 14285: 14275: 14260: 14223: 14193: 14183: 13678: 11555: 10541: 10277: 9297: 9237: 9222: 8505: 7981: 3499: 2253:

in his book on Johnson's impeachment, "the violence and poverty that oppressed the South would galvanize the opposition to Johnson".

2028:

independent evidence for that diagnosis. On the evening of March 3, Johnson attended a party in his honor at which he drank heavily.

1785: 1219:, where Andrew Johnson worked as a tailor for several months. Fearing he would be arrested and returned to Raleigh, Johnson moved to 1175:

his father, William Johnson, but he became town constable of Raleigh before marrying and starting a family. Jacob Johnson had been a

376: 3198:

He began looking towards the next Senate election to take place in the legislature in early 1875. Johnson began to woo the farmers'

1836:, formed by the seceding states. If the Tennessean had backed the Confederacy, he would have had small influence in its government. 1215:

who will deliver said apprentices to me in Raleigh, or I will give the above reward for Andrew Johnson alone." The brothers went to

17515: 17147: 17143: 17139: 16758: 16754: 16750: 16599: 15105: 15012: 14811: 14806: 14734: 14657: 14590: 14585: 14389: 14203: 14020: 14001: 13986: 13967: 13943: 13487: 13189: 13162: 13148: 13121: 13107: 13080: 13066: 12990: 12822: 12817: 12559: 9330: 9282: 9267: 8616: 8053: 7494: 7407: 3283:

and his corroborators presented a Southern indictment of Northern policies, and Henry Wilson's history was a brief for the North."

2925: 1951: 1930: 1816: 1662: 1592: 1517: 1494: 1087: 891: 594: 17: 6045:

How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States

2376:

was sustained; enough senators agreed that a district with a population of 30,000 was not yet worthy of statehood to win the day.

17640: 17163: 15620: 15288: 14972: 14900: 14863: 14838: 14756: 14689: 14622: 14575: 14550: 14473: 14421: 14354: 14297: 14235: 14173: 13958: 13953: 13517: 13398: 13312: 13225: 12812: 12021: 11866: 11418: 10666: 9340: 9307: 9302: 9292: 9277: 8700: 8653: 7646: 7499: 7428: 2958: 2815: 1995: 886: 855: 2524: 17575: 16314: 15360: 14967: 14935: 14724: 14684: 14523: 14416: 14322: 14168: 12950: 12930: 12705: 12454: 10342: 10177: 9824: 9809: 9272: 7959: 7357:

Tennessee State Library and Archives/Tennessee Virtual Archive/Andrew Johnson Collection/Andrew Johnson Bicentennial, 1808–2008

3132: 369: 2134:

Johnson presided with dignity over Lincoln's funeral ceremonies in Washington, before his predecessor's body was sent home to

17615: 15235: 15075: 15017: 15002: 14883: 14858: 14776: 14739: 14719: 14605: 14570: 14493: 14456: 14441: 14342: 14317: 14307: 14250: 14218: 14208: 14188: 12975: 12872: 12685: 7693: 7145: 7123: 7076: 7054: 7012: 6974: 6935: 6897: 6875: 6856: 6834: 6236: 6206: 6110: 5990: 5955: 5917: 4235: 3968: 3653: 3258: 2347:; Southern states were not allowed to vote. Johnson campaigned vigorously, undertaking a public speaking tour, known as the " 1777: 1118:, but ended up being impeached by the House of Representatives and narrowly avoided conviction in the Senate. He did not win 931: 17157: 17012: 16933: 16200: 15706: 15206: 15095: 15090: 15060: 15034: 14992: 14982: 14930: 14925: 14905: 14878: 14796: 14791: 14766: 14709: 14699: 14647: 14642: 14627: 14595: 14513: 14508: 14483: 14431: 14374: 14359: 14270: 14265: 14255: 14240: 14178: 14045: 14040: 13338: 13173: 10582: 10372: 9752: 9312: 8275: 7712: 7652: 7254: 3088: 2646: 2489: 2486:, for the most part alleging that he had violated the Tenure of Office Act, and had questioned the legitimacy of Congress. 2340: 1991: 1036: 808: 515: 3098:, controversially convicted of involvement in the Lincoln assassination (he had set Booth's broken leg) and imprisoned in 798: 17495: 17257: 17060: 16774: 16562: 15764: 15693: 15688: 15615: 15115: 15065: 15055: 15029: 14955: 14895: 14821: 14771: 14761: 14751: 14667: 14617: 14600: 14533: 14488: 14478: 14468: 14451: 14399: 14337: 14302: 14280: 14245: 14213: 14163: 14030: 14025: 13996: 13991: 13977: 13972: 13948: 13914: 13752: 13498: 13220: 13215: 13050: 12574: 11407: 11386: 11366: 11346: 11326: 11306: 11286: 11266: 11246: 11226: 11206: 11186: 11166: 11146: 11126: 11106: 11086: 11066: 11046: 11026: 11006: 10986: 10966: 10946: 10926: 10906: 10886: 10866: 10846: 10822: 10809: 10796: 10783: 10770: 10757: 10744: 10731: 10718: 10705: 10692: 10679: 10653: 10640: 10412: 9382: 9041: 8465: 8338: 8140: 7672: 7624: 7442: 7328: 3099: 3055: 2939: 2779: 2613: 2568:

One reason senators were reluctant to remove the President was that his successor would have been Ohio Senator Wade, the

2430: 2406: 1807:

while Southerners, including Johnson, supported Vice President Breckinridge for president. With former Tennessee senator

1796: 1119: 1064: 1024: 992: 901: 850: 136: 98: 7205: 6911: 1524:, with former president Van Buren as their nominee. Johnson supported the Democratic candidate, former Michigan senator 1254: 16604: 16363: 15465: 15070: 14945: 14940: 14910: 14652: 14384: 14035: 13062: 12915: 12680: 12265: 12236: 11508: 9061: 3367:

the restorers of 'white supremacy'?" Despite these doubts, the favorable view of Johnson survived for a time. In 1942,

3300: 3218:(who as senator had voted for Johnson's ouster). Many Republicans ignored Senator Johnson, though some, such as Ohio's 3014: 2368: 1413: 1202: 2151:

for her part in Lincoln's assassination. Surratt was executed with three others, including Atzerodt, on July 7, 1865.

1162:, on December 29, 1808, to Jacob Johnson (1778–1812) and Mary ("Polly") McDonough (1783–1856), a laundress. He was of 17645: 17610: 15845: 15552: 15532: 15085: 14997: 14920: 14873: 14853: 14786: 14714: 14637: 14565: 14503: 14436: 14394: 14369: 12857: 12649: 12131: 11484: 11448: 8991: 8911: 8601: 8354: 7639: 7509: 7033: 6415: 3426: 3152:; Johnson initially sought the Democratic nomination, but when he saw that it would go to former Confederate general 2111: 1878: 1580: 1482: 1385: 860: 510: 57: 7237:

LeRoy P. Graf. “Andrew Johnson and the Coming of the War.” Tennessee Historical Quarterly 19, no. 3 (1960): 208–21.

2612:—voted to acquit the President. With Stevens bitterly disappointed at the result, the Senate then adjourned for the 17251: 17006: 16951: 16768: 15399: 15394: 15303: 15007: 14977: 14868: 14843: 14729: 14694: 14580: 14555: 14446: 14327: 14198: 13564: 13473: 13370: 13132: 12827: 11842: 11478: 10564: 10397: 9366: 8981: 8210: 8044: 8013: 7861: 7688: 3489:

in 1967, a vacancy in the office of vice president was not filled until the next ensuing election and inauguration.

3482: 3436: 3391: 3254: 2908: 2796: 2731: 2077: 1808: 1734: 1639: 1436: 1056: 1028: 1020: 924: 772: 490: 479: 628: 17560: 16401: 16332: 16274: 16184: 16111: 15901: 15733: 15672: 15579: 15414: 15339: 15313: 15222: 13331: 13076: 12700: 12614: 12579: 11532: 11490: 11466: 11460: 10096: 10069: 9745: 9412: 9131: 9081: 9011: 8951: 8931: 8811: 8781: 8731: 7567: 7562: 7557: 7552: 7314: 2628:. This organization was said to have raised large sums of money from whiskey interests through Cincinnati lawyer 1389: 690: 31: 10322: 3704:. New York Public Library. Louisville, Kentucky: Press of the Bradley & Gilbert Co. p. 143 – via 2086:

Contemporary woodcut of Johnson being sworn in by Chief Justice Chase as Cabinet members look on, April 15, 1865

15455: 13531: 13442: 13417: 13358: 12920: 12654: 12569: 12519: 12226: 11472: 11442: 10621: 10106: 9772: 8971: 8901: 8851: 8801: 8751: 8709: 8167: 7856: 7657: 7599: 7527: 7458: 7431: 7183: 3042: 2975: 2865: 2834: 2762: 2115: 1044: 1016: 985: 788: 737: 79: 2681: 1199:, suggests that Johnson, later a gifted public speaker, learned the art as he threaded needles and cut cloth. 17545: 17107: 16718: 16521: 16220: 16086: 15711: 15605: 15409: 14006: 13777: 13287: 12985: 12659: 12619: 12609: 12604: 12584: 12529: 12504: 11961: 11496: 11430: 10282: 9071: 9051: 9021: 8881: 8861: 8404: 8334: 7619: 7345: 7097: 3030: 2457:

Grant, under protest, followed Johnson's order transferring Sheridan and another of the district commanders,

2402: 1833: 1421: 1083: 1060: 835: 4291: 2544:

and former Attorney General Stanbery were Johnson's counsel; Chief Justice Chase served as presiding judge.

2011:

1865 cartoon showing Lincoln and Johnson using their talents as rail-splitter and tailor to repair the Union

1114:

restricting Johnson's ability to fire Cabinet officials. He persisted in trying to dismiss Secretary of War

17650: 16179: 16147: 16033: 15896: 15784: 15667: 15537: 15506: 15499: 15445: 15334: 15200: 15168: 15163: 15158: 15153: 15148: 15143: 15138: 13354: 12755: 12644: 12534: 12499: 12449: 12434: 11563: 11538: 11502: 11436: 9151: 9031: 9001: 8891: 8871: 8791: 7519: 7400: 6052: 6032: 3070: 3010: 2469:. Voters in Ohio, Connecticut, and Minnesota turned down propositions to grant African Americans the vote. 2066: 1962: 1781: 1733:

in the Senate, but as most senators who supported it were Northern (many associated with the newly founded

1600: 1409: 1180: 1052: 783: 16707: 16665: 16055: 15830: 15522: 15377: 15372: 13668: 13663: 13658: 13653: 13648: 13643: 13638: 13633: 13557: 12867: 12782: 12736: 12564: 12459: 12439: 11766: 11526: 11514: 11422: 9359: 9121: 9091: 8831: 8761: 8693: 8423: 8248: 7882: 7764: 7604: 7547: 7085:

Swanson, Ryan A. "Andrew Johnson and His Governors: An Examination of Failed Reconstruction Leadership."

6245: 3141: 2389: 2234: 1282: 1277:, whose son would become president. The Johnsons were married for almost 50 years and had five children: 1111: 1098: 1094: 952: 563: 7356: 6493: 4466: 3645:

The American Presidents From Polk to Hayes: What They Did, What They Said & What Was Said About Them

2532:

On March 5, 1868, the impeachment trial began in the Senate and lasted almost three months; Congressmen

2367:

had not yet been ratified by enough states to go into force, with Tennessee alone among the Southern or

2363:

Even with the Republican victory in November 1866, Johnson considered himself in a strong position. The

2142:

reported he had, without consulting Washington, reached an armistice agreement with Confederate General

1082:

which was enacted soon after he left his Senate seat in 1862. Southern slave states seceded to form the

17368: 17038: 16066: 15866: 15825: 15769: 15387: 13909: 13840: 13006: 12787: 12624: 11544: 9662: 9171: 9161: 9141: 9111: 8921: 8771: 7805: 7782: 7720: 7350: 3448: 1800: 1509:, seen by some Northerners as an attempt to gain territory to expand slavery westward, and opposed the 1440: 1318: 1290: 962: 727: 573: 15871: 8841: 8303: 2691:

Another treaty that fared badly was the Johnson-Clarendon convention, negotiated in settlement of the

17630: 17382: 16568: 16458: 16378: 16338: 16008: 15716: 15564: 15308: 15278: 13698: 13103: 12925: 12629: 12594: 12549: 12539: 12524: 12514: 12479: 12444: 11520: 9101: 8537: 8232: 7876: 7825: 7319: 2229:

or freedmen's rights. The President ordered constitutional conventions in other former rebel states.

1917: 1890: 1868: 1773: 1502: 1364: 1048: 2719: 1725:

The new senator took his seat when Congress convened in December 1857 (the term of his predecessor,

1463:, Johnson was instrumental in keeping Greene County in the Democratic column. He was elected to the 16981: 16174: 16061: 15840: 15440: 15435: 15251: 15246: 13537: 12690: 12664: 12639: 12544: 12489: 12484: 12464: 12429: 12419: 10477: 10262: 8821: 8741: 8626: 7752: 7594: 7283: 4069: 2987: 2320: 2293: 2193:, requiring a majority of voters to take the loyalty oath, passed both houses in 1864, but Lincoln 2139: 1789: 1506: 1405: 1278: 1216: 947: 825: 558: 13323: 6394: 3937: 2249:

restoration of the Southern states would return the Democrats to power. In addition, according to

17470: 16670: 16489: 16267: 16251: 16142: 15983: 15820: 15759: 15450: 15229: 13297: 12599: 12554: 12494: 12469: 12424: 12191: 12086: 10352: 10187: 10172: 9819: 9181: 8527: 8445: 7930: 7830: 7815: 7662: 7393: 3250: 2348: 1711:

newspaper referring to him as "the vilest radical and most unscrupulous demagogue in the Union".

1478: 1425: 1356: 1340: 1328: 1220: 1159: 1152: 1107: 830: 458: 441: 1839:

Johnson returned home when his state took up the issue of secession. His successor as governor,

1603:, redrew the boundaries of Johnson's First District to make it a safe seat for their party. The 17313: 16645: 16534: 16368: 16153: 15810: 13772: 13292: 12777: 12509: 12474: 12066: 12036: 10834: 10402: 10207: 9442: 8807: 8686: 8214: 7840: 7835: 7746: 6097:

The Diplomacy of Trade and Investment: American Economic Expansion in the Hemisphere, 1865–1900

6043: 6023: 3203: 2597: 1910: 1902: 1739: 1673:. Though he was not impressed by either, Johnson campaigned for Buchanan and his running mate, 1665:

approached, Johnson hoped to be nominated; some Tennessee county conventions designated him a "

1628: 1553: 1460: 1336: 1332: 1266: 1248: 1184: 1167: 1071: 942: 528: 504: 7341: 6196: 6102: 5980: 5907: 4225: 3643: 16619: 16555: 16164: 16018: 15978: 15933: 15283: 13902: 13271: 12862: 12634: 12589: 11074: 10387: 9889: 9768: 9037: 8109: 8082: 8017: 7968: 7810: 7589: 7461: 7250:

The Failed Promise: Reconstruction, Frederick Douglass, and the Impeachment of Andrew Johnson

7219: 6255: 6226: 4692:

1860 U.S. Federal Census, Slave Schedule for Nashville's 7th ward, Davidson County, Tennessee

4476: 3387: 3378: 2698:, for damages to American shipping from British-built Confederate raiders. Negotiated by the 2593: 2462: 2135: 2046: 1894: 1231:

Johnson left North Carolina for Tennessee, traveling mostly on foot. After a brief period in

745: 401: 325: 268: 6946: 5790:

A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774–1875

3346:(1903), presented him far more favorably than they did those who had sought to oust him. In 2536:, Benjamin Butler and Thaddeus Stevens acted as managers for the House, or prosecutors, and 17480: 17475: 17454: 16991: 16886: 15480: 15382: 15195: 13872: 13798: 13747: 13481: 13307: 12892: 12882: 12151: 12146: 12136: 11986: 11981: 11890: 11872: 11860: 11848: 11836: 11830: 11050: 11030: 10854: 10850: 10804: 9954: 9544: 9472: 9057: 8532: 8185: 6806: 3907: 3153: 2913: 2650: 2589: 2576: 2494: 2285: 2273: 1906: 1764: 1674: 1620: 1587: 1432: 1392:

in 1831, a state convention was called to pass a new constitution, including provisions to

1344: 1244: 1236: 1232: 186: 7301: 6494:"[House where Andrew Johnson died] / [photographed by R. Gerald McMurtry]" 2660:, and sought opportunities to gain territory for the United States. After the loss of the 8: 17283: 17275: 17225: 17065: 17055: 16912: 16497: 16424: 16358: 16319: 16236: 16159: 15947: 15774: 15721: 15655: 15569: 15547: 15527: 15329: 15262: 13673: 13621: 12845: 12056: 11794: 10826: 10813: 10709: 10592: 9984: 9859: 9514: 8987: 8907: 8663: 8621: 8564: 8440: 8075: 7770: 7609: 7584: 7305: 6923: 5862: 5793: 3060: 2640:

Soon after taking office as president, Johnson reached an accord with Secretary of State

2609: 2384: 2190: 2128: 1984: 1756:, arguing for temporary volunteers as the United States should not have a standing army. 1703: 1651: 1615: 1560: 1486: 1306: 1286: 1240: 1196: 957: 818: 568: 348: 315: 214: 10117: 6993: 3226:?" and concluded his speech, "may God bless this people and God save the Constitution". 3127:

had arranged to purchase a large farm near Greeneville to live on after his presidency.

2131:. The message on it was: "Don't wish to disturb you. Are you at home? J. Wilkes Booth." 1343:. Sam Johnson and his wife Margaret had nine children. Sam became a commissioner of the 17323: 17030: 16976: 16862: 16431: 16259: 16243: 16205: 16096: 16013: 15998: 15988: 15927: 15881: 15661: 15650: 15241: 14050: 13580: 12877: 12742: 12171: 12111: 12001: 11896: 11878: 11854: 11776: 11621: 11603: 10800: 10791: 10713: 10602: 10597: 10587: 10487: 10432: 10362: 10232: 10182: 9934: 9919: 9634: 9556: 9538: 9502: 9424: 9351: 8977: 8611: 8559: 8485: 8222: 7788: 7758: 7574: 7542: 7166: 6794: 2685: 2541: 2533: 2465:, allowing them to defeat for reelection one of Johnson's strongest opponents, Senator 2417: 2373: 2242: 2238: 2205: 2160: 2143: 2107: 2054: 1935: 1886: 1854:

As the only member from a seceded state to remain in the Senate and the most prominent

1655: 1647: 1576: 1294: 1171: 1040: 967: 813: 670: 644: 578: 261: 13140: 10644: 7206:

In the toils of war: Andrew Johnson and the federal occupation of Tennessee, 1862-1865

17661:

Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Tennessee

17318: 17303: 16842: 16832: 16624: 16478: 16137: 15727: 15493: 15298: 14011: 13793: 13525: 13462: 13378: 13256: 13144: 12887: 12221: 12196: 12176: 12126: 12101: 12081: 12071: 12031: 12006: 11908: 11806: 11669: 11657: 11645: 11627: 11591: 11454: 11230: 11210: 11194: 11174: 11094: 10974: 10870: 10761: 10748: 10726: 10722: 10648: 10467: 10427: 10382: 10257: 10217: 10212: 10197: 9969: 9964: 9854: 9646: 9610: 9580: 9526: 9508: 9127: 9077: 9007: 8947: 8927: 8917: 8777: 8727: 8668: 8589: 8569: 8522: 8455: 8290: 8006: 7991: 7728: 7484: 7365: 7141: 7119: 7109: 7072: 7050: 7029: 7008: 6997: 6984: 6970: 6964: 6931: 6893: 6871: 6852: 6830: 6824: 6810: 6786: 6232: 6202: 6177: 6106: 6095: 5986: 5961: 5951: 5923: 5913: 4231: 3964: 3933: 3649: 3456: 3373: 3287: 2963: 2894: 2801: 2673: 2641: 2605: 2537: 2498: 2301: 2099: 2095: 1983:

to frustrate the vice-presidential candidacy of fellow New Yorker and former senator

1980: 1855: 1448: 1417: 1163: 413: 7023: 3699: 1694: 1397:

exposure. On January 4, 1834, his fellow aldermen elected him mayor of Greeneville.

17430: 17394: 17210: 16581: 16528: 16408: 16395: 16385: 16345: 16127: 16071: 16028: 16023: 15939: 15815: 15486: 15293: 13882: 13860: 13850: 13616: 13302: 13117: 13099: 12250: 12245: 12156: 12076: 12051: 12041: 11914: 11824: 11687: 11663: 11615: 11579: 10894: 10830: 10817: 10787: 10774: 10696: 10683: 10457: 10422: 10407: 10392: 10357: 10312: 10272: 10029: 10024: 10019: 10014: 10004: 9974: 9944: 9924: 9598: 9586: 9568: 9550: 9460: 9454: 9436: 9400: 8967: 8957: 8937: 8897: 8847: 8797: 8747: 8606: 8574: 8500: 8433: 8177: 7904: 7245: 7133: 7069:

Impeached: the Trial of President Andrew Johnson and the Fight for Lincoln's Legacy

7064: 6844: 6820: 6778: 6039: 6019: 3705: 3538: 3339: 2601: 2313: 2305: 2250: 2222: 2186: 2050: 2017: 1971: 1940: 1851:, where his party was in fact shot at. He left his wife and family in Greeneville. 1583:), and limiting the tenure of federal judges to 12 years. These were all defeated. 1464: 1456: 1393: 1270: 1269:, the daughter of a local shoemaker. The pair were married by Justice of the Peace 1176: 1075: 128: 8678: 7113: 1143: 17442: 17406: 17236: 17230: 17220: 17181: 16827: 16800: 16792: 16685: 16575: 16498:

The Second Founding: How the Civil War and Reconstruction Remade the Constitution

16390: 16280: 16215: 16106: 15952: 15922: 15886: 15404: 13855: 13606: 13246: 13181: 13158: 13154: 13091: 13072: 13058: 12329: 12260: 12181: 12121: 12016: 12011: 11996: 11991: 11976: 11818: 11800: 11788: 11782: 11741: 11693: 11639: 11090: 11010: 10994: 10990: 10970: 10890: 10874: 10735: 10687: 10670: 10661: 10657: 10517: 10472: 10447: 10442: 10417: 10287: 10267: 10252: 10237: 10044: 10009: 9999: 9994: 9939: 9914: 9904: 9899: 9884: 9869: 9789: 9616: 9592: 9562: 9490: 9478: 9466: 9430: 9067: 9047: 9017: 8877: 8857: 8579: 8554: 8510: 8490: 8472: 8160: 8150: 8133: 8102: 8092: 8060: 8037: 8027: 7917: 7912: 7897: 7579: 7044: 6766: 5945: 5941: 3478: 3308: 3275: 3271: 3064: 3026: 2703: 2669: 2665: 2552: 2551:

Johnson maneuvered to gain an acquittal; for example, he pledged to Iowa Senator

2451: 2119: 2103: 2082: 1947: 1840: 1824: 1812: 1804: 1596: 1521: 1032: 360: 301: 179: 167: 116: 12300: 3371:

portrayed the former president as a fighter for democracy in the Hollywood film

3009:

Johnson appointed nine Article III federal judges during his presidency, all to

17418: 16959: 16549: 16373: 15698: 13887: 13877: 13456: 13431: 13406: 13251: 12940: 12935: 12772: 12324: 12319: 12314: 12166: 12116: 11944: 11926: 11884: 11681: 11675: 11633: 11290: 11270: 10934: 10930: 10914: 10910: 10752: 10507: 10482: 10452: 10437: 10377: 10337: 10222: 10167: 9989: 9879: 9849: 9844: 9839: 9737: 9640: 9574: 9520: 9418: 9147: 9027: 8997: 8867: 8837: 8787: 8631: 8542: 8428: 8194: 8119: 7704: 7479: 7361: 6960: 3512: 3403: 3347: 3331: 3304: 3280: 3157: 3067:

was nominated, and the President received only four votes, all from Tennessee.

3018: 2882: 2851: 2820: 2692: 2621: 2561: 2557: 2478: 2458: 2446: 2309: 2281: 2226: 1966: 1882: 1848: 1844: 1753: 1730: 1726: 1670: 1607:

termed this "Henry-mandering"; lamented Johnson, "I have no political future."

1529: 1510: 1444: 1274: 1148: 1079: 249: 38: 17137: 16748: 7223: 17464: 16847: 16822: 16650: 16614: 16515: 16210: 15993: 15957: 15917: 13892: 13742: 13506: 13425: 13261: 12945: 12270: 12211: 12096: 11920: 11651: 11190: 11170: 11130: 11110: 11070: 11054: 11034: 10778: 10765: 10739: 10512: 10367: 10347: 10162: 10059: 10054: 10049: 10034: 9959: 9909: 9894: 9834: 9829: 9804: 9799: 9686: 9604: 9532: 9117: 9087: 8827: 8757: 8636: 8584: 8495: 8418: 7820: 7776: 6790: 6478:. American guide series. New York: The Viking Press. p. 319 – via 5927: 3335: 3312: 3168: 3059:

trial. On the first ballot, Johnson was second to former Ohio representative

2944: 2839: 2466: 2426: 2000: 1490: 1324: 1188: 1115: 5965: 16817: 16690: 16660: 16452: 16091: 16003: 15779: 15542: 15419: 13897: 13835: 13820: 13815: 13266: 13241: 13113: 12290: 12285: 12206: 12186: 12141: 12091: 12061: 12026: 11950: 11932: 11717: 11705: 11597: 11585: 11573: 11390: 11370: 11350: 10700: 10522: 10497: 10462: 10247: 10202: 10192: 9929: 9496: 9167: 9157: 9137: 9107: 8767: 8480: 8256: 7942: 7866: 7489: 3441: 3219: 3215: 3136: 3103: 2657: 2625: 2148: 1958: 1666: 1635: 1548: 1520:, the Democrats split over the slavery issue, and abolitionists formed the 1298: 226: 7138:

The Impeachers: The Trial of Andrew Johnson and the Dream of a Just Nation

3322: 2170: 1965:

as a possible running mate. In May 1864, the president dispatched General

1351: 16986: 16895: 16837: 16483: 15891: 13730: 13725: 13720: 13450: 12309: 12304: 12295: 12280: 12255: 12241: 12106: 11902: 11812: 11711: 11609: 11330: 11314: 11310: 11294: 11274: 11150: 11134: 11114: 11014: 10064: 10039: 9979: 9949: 9814: 9794: 9784: 9668: 9628: 9622: 9097: 8658: 8450: 3396: 3183: 3095: 3022: 2870: 2677: 2661: 2585: 2380: 2297: 2269: 2265: 2194: 1564: 17437: 13036: 7215:

Reputation and history: Andrew Johnson's historiographical rise and fall

7213: 7090: 2520:

for the impeachment trial to Johnson at the White House on March 7, 1868

2296:, Johnson gave an impromptu speech to supporters who had marched to the 1431:

In his first term in the legislature, which met in the state capital of

16609: 16465: 12231: 12201: 12161: 12046: 11735: 11729: 11699: 11374: 11354: 11234: 11214: 10954: 10950: 10307: 10302: 10297: 10292: 9680: 9652: 9448: 9406: 9394: 8817: 8737: 8333: 7238: 7231: 7199:

The Dunning School: Historians, Race, and the Meaning of Reconstruction

7191: 6907: 6885: 6798: 6479: 3943: 3368: 3270:

with him, such as former vice president Henry Wilson and Maine Senator

3179: 3118: 2324: 2007: 1990:

To sound a theme of unity in 1864, Lincoln ran under the banner of the

1913:

in early 1863. Much of eastern Tennessee was captured later that year.

1572: 1525: 1359:(~1830–after 1901) was described having been Johnson's "favorite slave" 17681:

Members of the United States House of Representatives who owned slaves

3524:

The Know Nothings, who were then formally known as the American Party.

1339:. Soon after his purchase of Dolly, he purchased Dolly's half-brother 15876: 13830: 13549: 11938: 11334: 11254: 10492: 9674: 9177: 6951: 3316: 3223: 1715: 1401: 1019:, serving from 1865 to 1869. He assumed the presidency following the 914: 191: 7370: 7296: 6930:. The American Presidents Series. New York: Henry Holt and Company. 6829:. American Presidency. Lawrence, Kan.: The Regents Press of Kansas. 6782: 2241:. Congress assembled in early December 1865; Johnson's conciliatory 1055:

as well as pardoning ex-Confederates. This led to conflict with the

16675: 13825: 13803: 13353: 12995: 12216: 11723: 11394: 11250: 11154: 10533: 7374: 6851:(7th ed.). Macmillan Library Reference USA. pp. 225–239. 2029: 1749: 6471: 6182:

Biographical Directory of Article III Federal Judges, 1789-present

5240: 3541:

in August 1867 before being reinstated by Congress in January 1868

3330:

Even as Rhodes and his school wrote, another group of historians (

2653:

who was returning to Hawaii after her trip to Britain and Europe.

17401: 10502: 9658: 7385: 6198:

Encyclopedia of the Reconstruction Era: M–Z and primary documents

3164: 2528:

Illustration of Johnson consulting with his counsel for the trial

2517: 15461:

Fort Smith Conference and Cherokee Reconstruction Treaty of 1866

5912:. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. pp. 177–183. 5831: 2411: 1106:

which gave citizenship to former slaves. In 1866, he went on an

1015:(December 29, 1808 – July 31, 1875) was the 17th 7323: 6058: 5978: 4430: 2094:

That night, President Lincoln was shot and mortally wounded at

1961:

for the ticket in 1864, and sent an agent to sound out General

1261:

portraits of Andrew and Eliza (McCardle) Johnson, created 1840s

1258: 469: 6868:

Splendid Failure: Postwar Reconstruction in the American South

6426: 6324: 4094: 2680:

in the Pacific, which would be officially claimed by the U.S.

2138:, for interment. Shortly after Lincoln's death, Union General 13704:

United States Congressional Joint Committee on Reconstruction

5536: 5534: 3257:

in 1906, and with his home and tailor's shop, is part of the

2352: 1327:, who was 14 years old at the time. Dolly had three children— 6870:. American Ways (paperback ed.). Chicago: Ivan R. Dee. 6290: 6288: 5786:. 40th Cong., 2nd sess., 16 / May 26, 1868, 943–51" 4987: 4985: 3140:

legislature's balloting, the Republicans eventually elected

17636:

People associated with the assassination of Abraham Lincoln

17621:

Republican Party (United States) vice presidential nominees

7098:"The 10 Worst Presidents: No. 3 Andrew Johnson (1865–1869)" 5690: 5341: 5339: 3319:, who exploited alliances with blacks for political gain." 2477:

between them. Johnson then dismissed Stanton and appointed

1471: 17506:

Candidates in the 1868 United States presidential election

17501:

Candidates in the 1860 United States presidential election

16472:

Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877

7168:

Speeches of Andrew Johnson, President of the United States

6695: 6601: 6453: 6351: 6341: 6339: 6300: 6119: 6074: 5950:. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. pp. 189–226. 5909:

The Transit of Empire: Indigenous Critiques of Colonialism

5654: 5594: 5582: 5570: 5531: 3613: 3611: 3583: 3581: 3579: 3338:, first published in 1911. The resulting volumes, such as 3238:

The Stover farmhouse, where Johnson died, as photographed

1424:

as a member of the 90th Regiment. He attained the rank of

16681:

Technological and industrial history of the United States

10147: 7281: 6644: 6564: 6562: 6511: 6443: 6441: 6375: 6312: 6285: 6273: 6261: 5750: 5702: 5642: 5459: 5252: 5180: 5156: 5144: 5108: 5026: 5024: 5009: 4997: 4982: 4960: 4958: 4928: 4880: 4626: 4396: 4394: 4171: 4169: 4067: 3942:. New York: H. Holt and company. p. 103 – via 3777: 3775: 3209:

Johnson's comeback garnered national attention, with the

9381: 6989:

History of the United States from the Compromise of 1850

6685: 6683: 6136: 6134: 5843: 5519: 5471: 5336: 5288: 5264: 5216: 5204: 4945: 4943: 4815: 4803: 4779: 4707: 4695: 4614: 4602: 4590: 4554: 4530: 4518: 4506: 4482: 4442: 4381: 4379: 4193: 4181: 4154: 3989: 3859: 3835: 3811: 3799: 3787: 3736: 3724: 3681: 3679: 3677: 3566: 3564: 3562: 1905:. Relief from Union regulars did not come until General 1893:, the Homestead Bill has been credited with opening the 1147:

Johnson's birthplace and childhood home, located at the

6743: 6523: 6336: 5762: 5714: 5630: 5036: 4870: 4868: 4866: 4025: 3977: 3662: 3608: 3576: 17556:

Democratic Party United States senators from Tennessee

16641:

African American founding fathers of the United States

16543:

The Clansman: A Historical Romance of the Ku Klux Klan

13709:

United States House Select Committee on Reconstruction

8295: 6719: 6668: 6632: 6559: 6547: 6438: 6363: 5999: 5807: 5618: 5168: 5132: 5084: 5048: 5021: 4955: 4916: 4904: 4731: 4494: 4406: 4391: 4366: 4364: 4315: 4313: 4272: 4260: 4205: 4166: 4106: 4082: 3823: 3772: 2118:

occurred between 10 and 11 am with Chief Justice

1575:

introduced in the Senate a series of resolutions, the

751: 17366: 6731: 6680: 6535: 6158: 6131: 5819: 5738: 5678: 5666: 5606: 5558: 5546: 5507: 5495: 5483: 5447: 5423: 5411: 5399: 5387: 5363: 5351: 5324: 5312: 5276: 5228: 5192: 5120: 5096: 5072: 5060: 4970: 4940: 4892: 4851: 4755: 4674: 4662: 4376: 4337: 4142: 4037: 4013: 3847: 3760: 3748: 3674: 3598: 3596: 3559: 3498:

Johnson saw 15 of his vetoes overridden by Congress,

3344:

The Impeachment and Trial of President Andrew Johnson

3033:, where he served from 1868 until his death in 1874. 2204:

The Republicans had formed a number of factions. The

732: 662:

Brigadier General (as Military Governor of Tennessee)

15215:

The Equality of the Sexes and the Condition of Women

13037:

Historical anti-slavery parties in the United States

7289:

Biographical Directory of the United States Congress

7208:" (PhD thesis; . The University of Tennessee, 1981). 6769:(July 1940). "On rewriting Reconstruction history". 6579: 6577: 5979:

Claus-M Naske; Herman E. Slotnick (March 15, 1994).

4863: 4839: 4827: 4791: 4743: 4719: 4650: 4638: 4578: 4542: 4075:

Biographical Directory of the United States Congress

3623: 2123:

and asked all members to remain in their positions.

1610: 1435:, Johnson did not consistently vote with either the 375: 8708: 7025:

Andrew Johnson and the uses of constitutional power

7003:Schroeder-Lein, Glenna R.; Zuczuk, Richard (2001). 6707: 5726: 4767: 4566: 4454: 4418: 4361: 4349: 4325: 4310: 4248: 4230:. Vol. 4. A.C. McClurg & Co. p. 265. 4130: 4118: 4049: 4001: 3883: 3871: 3712: 3264: 3074:"Farewell, a long farewell, to all my greatness!": 2493:Illustration of Johnson's impeachment trial in the 2256: 2106:, got drunk instead of killing the vice president. 17601:People of North Carolina in the American Civil War 15466:Choctaw and Chickasaw Treaty of Washington of 1866 6622: 6620: 6618: 6616: 6589: 6472:Federal writers' project; Pappas, Douglas (1939). 6146: 6094: 5435: 5300: 4292:"Slavery and Emancipation in the Nation's Capital" 3593: 3005:List of federal judges appointed by Andrew Johnson 17581:Members of the Tennessee House of Representatives 17491:19th-century vice presidents of the United States 15257:District of Columbia Compensated Emancipation Act 6847:(2002). "Andrew Johnson". In Graff, Henry (ed.). 6656: 6574: 6092: 5375: 3963:. New York: Nova Science Publishers. p. 55. 3377:. In 1948, a poll of his colleagues by historian 2319:Although strongly urged by moderates to sign the 1946:In 1860, Lincoln's running mate had been Senator 1861: 1130:one of the worst presidents in American history. 17671:Democratic Party presidents of the United States 17462: 9767: 7218:(Master of Arts thesis). University of Montana. 7002: 4436: 4100: 1885:was finally enacted. Along with legislation for 1400:In 1835, Johnson made a bid for election to the 1063:by the House of Representatives in 1868. He was 27:President of the United States from 1865 to 1869 17511:1864 United States vice-presidential candidates 7342:Andrew Johnson Personal Manuscripts and Letters 6890:Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution 6613: 3013:; he did not appoint a justice to serve on the 1043:concluded. He favored quick restoration of the 15601:Second impeachment inquiry into Andrew Johnson 8240:United States Senator (Class 1) from Tennessee 8202:United States Senator (Class 1) from Tennessee 5876:. Vol. 27, no. 1. Honolulu. p. 3326:The grave of Johnson in Greeneville, Tennessee 3113: 2212: 1788:did not apply to African Americans, since the 17606:People of Tennessee in the American Civil War 17123: 16734: 15575:First impeachment inquiry into Andrew Johnson 13565: 13339: 13022: 10549: 10133: 9753: 9367: 8694: 8319: 7401: 6220: 6218: 6011: 5985:. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 330. 4223: 2709: 2664:in the 1850s, the Russian government saw its 1939:Poster for the Lincoln and Johnson ticket by 1528:. With the party split, Whig nominee General 993: 17656:Union (American Civil War) political leaders 17626:Southern Unionists in the American Civil War 17486:19th-century presidents of the United States 7947: 4224:James K. Polk (1910). Milo M. Quaife (ed.). 2514:Sergeant at Arms of the United States Senate 1323:In 1843, Johnson purchased his first slave, 879:Vice presidential and Presidential campaigns 338:October 17, 1853 – November 3, 1857 12808:National Republican Congressional Committee 7699:President Andrew Johnson Museum and Library 7311:Essays on Andrew Johnson and his presidency 6812:The impeachment and trial of Andrew Johnson 3926: 3485:. As this was prior to the adoption of the 3021:to fill the vacancy left with the death of 1552:The Andrew Johnson House, built in 1851 in 1120:the 1868 Democratic presidential nomination 762: 17130: 17116: 16741: 16727: 13572: 13558: 13346: 13332: 13029: 13015: 12898:High School Republican National Federation 10556: 10542: 10140: 10126: 10102: 9760: 9746: 9722: 9374: 9360: 9336: 8701: 8687: 8326: 8312: 7408: 7394: 6215: 2734:engraved portrait of Johnson as President 1994:, rather than that of the Republicans. At 1689: 1000: 986: 722: 56: 17566:Impeached presidents of the United States 16133:South Carolina civil disturbances of 1876 8050:for Vice President of the United States¹ 7505:Drunk vice-presidential inaugural address 7132: 6959: 3432:Lincoln–Johnson ledger-removal allegation 3150:at-large congressional seat for Tennessee 3078:cartoon mocking Johnson on leaving office 2439:first impeachment inquiry against Johnson 2358: 2060: 1924: 1619:Portrait of Johnson, 1856, attributed to 370:U.S. House of Representatives 17591:Politicians from Raleigh, North Carolina 17144:1864 United States presidential election 16755:1860 United States presidential election 16656:History of the United States (1865–1917) 12991:Timeline of modern American conservatism 12823:Republican Attorneys General Association 12818:National Republican Senatorial Committee 7049:. Johnson City, TN: Overmountain Press. 7005:Andrew Johnson: A Biographical Companion 6947:"Who's the worst president of them all?" 6906: 6805: 6689: 6101:. University of Missouri Press. p. 6038: 6018: 5940: 5861: 4244:from the original on September 16, 2015. 3956: 3321: 3233: 3178: 3133:suppression of the African-American vote 3117: 3069: 2998: 2523: 2507: 2488: 2410: 2264: 2174:Official portrait of President Johnson, 2169: 2081: 2053:had captured the Confederate capital of 2006: 1934: 1931:1864 United States presidential election 1867: 1763: 1693: 1684: 1614: 1547: 1489:. Although a fellow Tennessee Democrat, 1472:United States Representative (1843–1853) 1350: 1253: 1201: 1142: 1133: 758:16th Vice President of the United States 239:October 8, 1857 – March 4, 1862 17676:United States senators who owned slaves 17551:Democratic Party governors of Tennessee 17536:American people of Scotch-Irish descent 16942: 12813:National Republican Redistricting Trust 7647:1868 impeachment managers investigation 7211: 7118:. New York: W.W. Norton & Company. 6945:Lafantasie, Glenn (February 21, 2011). 6922: 6749: 6725: 6529: 6345: 6061:"Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–" 5720: 5696: 5186: 5174: 5162: 5138: 5090: 5054: 5030: 4964: 4922: 4910: 4886: 4821: 4761: 4713: 4668: 4620: 4596: 4488: 4448: 4385: 4343: 4199: 4187: 4160: 4148: 4061: 4043: 4019: 3995: 3932: 3902: 3900: 3898: 3865: 3853: 3841: 3817: 3805: 3793: 3766: 3754: 3742: 3730: 3668: 3617: 3587: 3382:granting black men the right to vote." 3174: 3122:Senator Andrew Johnson in 1875 (age 66) 1379: 281:March 12, 1862 – March 4, 1865 149:March 4, 1865 – April 15, 1865 92:April 15, 1865 – March 4, 1869 14: 17571:Lincoln administration cabinet members 17463: 16315:Bibliography of the Reconstruction era 15361:Second inauguration of Abraham Lincoln 13579: 12931:Republican National Coalition for Life 7982:Tennessee's 1st congressional district 7338:at the Miller Center of Public Affairs 7336:Text of a number of Johnson's speeches 7244: 7021: 6944: 6865: 6843: 6819: 6713: 6701: 6674: 6650: 6638: 6607: 6568: 6553: 6459: 6447: 6369: 6357: 6306: 6224: 6194: 6125: 6080: 6005: 5849: 5813: 5684: 5624: 5600: 5588: 5576: 5540: 5525: 5477: 5429: 5417: 5345: 5318: 5294: 5282: 5270: 5234: 5222: 5210: 5198: 5066: 5042: 4874: 4773: 4680: 4572: 4370: 3914:. National Park Service. July 24, 2020 3877: 3685: 3641: 3629: 2300:and called for an address in honor of 391:March 4, 1843 – March 3, 1853 204:March 4, 1875 – July 31, 1875 17111: 16722: 16600:Women's suffrage in the United States 15289:Lincoln's presidential Reconstruction 13553: 13327: 13010: 12873:Republican National Hispanic Assembly 10537: 10149:United States senators from Tennessee 10121: 9741: 9355: 8682: 8307: 8294: 7946: 7694:Andrew Johnson National Historic Site 7389: 7297:Andrew Johnson National Historic Site 7201:(University Press of Kentucky, 2013). 7171:. Boston: Little, Brown, and Company. 7108: 6737: 6541: 6517: 6432: 6381: 6330: 6318: 6294: 6279: 6267: 6164: 6140: 6059:Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. 5825: 5756: 5744: 5708: 5672: 5660: 5648: 5513: 5465: 5453: 5330: 5258: 5246: 5150: 5126: 5114: 5102: 5078: 5015: 5003: 4991: 4976: 4949: 4934: 4898: 4845: 4833: 4809: 4797: 4785: 4749: 4725: 4701: 4656: 4644: 4632: 4608: 4584: 4560: 4548: 4536: 4524: 4512: 4500: 4460: 4424: 4412: 4400: 4355: 4331: 4319: 4278: 4266: 4254: 4211: 4175: 4136: 4124: 4112: 4088: 4055: 4031: 4007: 3983: 3889: 3829: 3781: 3718: 3602: 3570: 3290:, who wrote of the former president: 3259:Andrew Johnson National Historic Site 3049: 17521:Vice presidents of the United States 15707:Proposed annexation of Santo Domingo 15395:Confederates surrender at Appomattox 15207:A Vindication of the Rights of Woman 10563: 9712: 9383:Vice presidents of the United States 7668:1866 & 1867 U.S. House elections 7239:http://www.jstor.org/stable/42621489 7232:http://www.jstor.org/stable/42628303 7192:http://www.jstor.org/stable/20090199 6395:"AndrewJohnson.com list of cartoons" 6201:. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 595. 5905: 5887:from the original on October 9, 2022 3960:In the Shadow of the Great Rebellion 3939:Andrew Johnson, Plebeian and Patriot 3895: 3697: 3352:History of the Reconstruction Period 3315:, and cynical white southerners, or 3091:Grant, who did not allow his to go. 3036: 2272:cartoon of Johnson disposing of the 2035:Johnson delivered a rambling address 1543:East Tennessee and Virginia Railroad 1459:was defeated by former Ohio senator 1355:In a 1928 Andrew Johnson biography, 1226: 1122:and left office the following year. 1093:Johnson implemented his own form of 1059:-dominated Congress, culminating in 541: 17666:People from Laurens, South Carolina 17541:American people of Scottish descent 16563:United Daughters of the Confederacy 15694:American Woman Suffrage Association 15689:National Woman Suffrage Association 15616:Impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson 13915:Women during the Reconstruction era 8654:Impeachment managers investigation 8141:Vice President of the United States 7443:Vice President of the United States 7329:American Presidents: Life Portraits 7182:For a more comprehensive list, see 7161: 7063: 7042: 6849:The Presidents: A Reference History 6251: 6225:Selcer, Richard F. (May 14, 2014). 6152: 5982:Alaska: A History of the 49th State 5837: 5768: 5732: 5636: 5612: 5564: 5552: 5501: 5489: 5441: 5393: 5369: 5306: 4737: 4472: 3056:1868 Democratic National Convention 2647:the French had intervened in Mexico 2407:Impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson 1797:1860 Democratic National Convention 1759: 1312: 779:17th President of the United States 137:Vice President of the United States 24: 17586:People from Greeneville, Tennessee 17526:American people of English descent 16605:Labor history of the United States 15641:South Carolina readmitted to Union 15638:North Carolina readmitted to Union 15621:Impeachment managers investigation 15560:Constitutional conventions of 1867 15236:National Women's Rights Convention 12916:Republican Main Street Partnership 8296:Articles related to Andrew Johnson 8274:1. Lincoln and Johnson ran on the 7415: 7177: 7155: 7095: 6991:. New York: The Macmillan Company. 6983: 6626: 6595: 3444: – American woman (1820–1872) 3167:during an epidemic but recovered; 3146:1872, there was a special election 2434:disagreements with his president. 1661:When the presidential election of 1414:Tennessee House of Representatives 1363:In 1857, Andrew Johnson purchased 887:National Union national convention 25: 17692: 15846:United States expedition to Korea 15553:Reconstruction military districts 12858:Congressional Hispanic Conference 8355:Efforts to impeach Andrew Johnson 7640:Efforts to impeach Andrew Johnson 7320:"Life Portrait of Andrew Johnson" 7273: 7096:Tolson, Jay (February 16, 2007). 6966:Andrew Johnson and Reconstruction 6884: 6765: 6662: 6583: 6422:. February 20, 1875. p. 164. 5405: 5381: 5357: 4857: 3477:Johnson was vice president under 3427:Efforts to impeach Andrew Johnson 3390:as a second Reconstruction; some 3054:Johnson sought nomination by the 3041:In June 1866, Johnson signed the 2700:United States Minister to Britain 2635: 2560:as War Secretary. Kansas Senator 2154: 1611:Governor of Tennessee (1853–1857) 1374: 1126:is widely criticized. Historians 17596:People of the Reconstruction Era 17531:American people of Irish descent 17448: 17436: 17424: 17412: 17400: 17388: 17376: 15400:Assassination of Abraham Lincoln 13694:African-American representatives 13388: 12828:Republican Governors Association 11367:2020 (Charlotte/other locations) 10321: 10101: 10092: 10091: 10078: 9721: 9711: 9702: 9701: 9335: 9326: 9325: 8394: 8389: 7926: 7925: 7689:Andrew Johnson National Cemetery 7378: 7302:Andrew Johnson: A Resource Guide 7071:. New York: Simon and Schuster. 7046:An Interview with Andrew Johnson 6826:The Presidency of Andrew Johnson 6486: 6465: 6408: 6387: 6188: 6170: 6086: 5972: 5934: 5899: 5855: 5774: 3648:. Outskirts Press. p. 387. 3527: 3437:Andrew Johnson alcoholism debate 3265:Historical reputation and legacy 3255:Andrew Johnson National Cemetery 2718: 2620:House Group", supposedly led by 2257:Break with the Republicans: 1866 2078:Assassination of Abraham Lincoln 1239:. He then worked as a tailor in 1102:presidency. Johnson opposed the 1039:ticket, coming to office as the 1021:assassination of Abraham Lincoln 973: 773:Assassination of Abraham Lincoln 689: 627: 480:Andrew Johnson National Cemetery 17516:Presidents of the United States 16402:Black Reconstruction in America 16275:Wilmington insurrection of 1898 16185:1876 State of the Union Address 16112:1875 State of the Union Address 16039:1874 State of the Union Address 15963:1873 State of the Union Address 15902:1872 State of the Union Address 15851:1871 State of the Union Address 15790:1870 State of the Union Address 15739:1869 State of the Union Address 15734:First transcontinental railroad 15673:1868 State of the Union Address 15580:1867 State of the Union Address 15415:1865 State of the Union Address 15340:1864 State of the Union Address 15314:1863 State of the Union Address 15223:Woman in the Nineteenth Century 8710:Presidents of the United States 7495:1864 U.S. presidential election 7315:Miller Center of Public Affairs 7007:. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. 6866:Fitzgerald, Michael W. (2007). 6228:Civil War America, 1850 To 1875 5947:Emma: Hawaii's Remarkable Queen 4686: 4284: 4217: 3950: 3698:Polk, William Harrison (1912). 3691: 3518: 3505: 1595:, former New Hampshire senator 1586:A group of Democrats nominated 1468:numbered eight or nine slaves. 1416:. According to his biographer, 537: 32:Andrew Johnson (disambiguation) 17641:Tennessee city council members 15475:Petition for Universal Freedom 15456:Southern Homestead Act of 1866 12921:Republican Majority for Choice 12749:Steering and Policy Committees 8551:Witnesses for the prosecution 8168:President of the United States 7857:Bibliography of Andrew Johnson 7658:1866 National Union Convention 7600:Southern Homestead Act of 1866 7528:Inauguration of Andrew Johnson 7500:1864 National Union Convention 7432:President of the United States 7284:"Andrew Johnson (id: J000116)" 7184:Bibliography of Andrew Johnson 7087:Tennessee Historical Quarterly 6758: 4070:"Andrew Johnson (id: J000116)" 3635: 3492: 3471: 3017:. In April 1866, he nominated 2614:Republican National Convention 2484:eleven articles of impeachment 2396: 2276:as African Americans go flying 1862:Military Governor of Tennessee 1772:In October 1859, abolitionist 1631:for his old seat in Congress. 1443:, though he revered President 1206:"Andrew Johnson's Indenture" ( 1017:president of the United States 902:Democratic National Convention 482:, Greeneville, Tennessee, U.S. 269:Military Governor of Tennessee 80:President of the United States 13: 1: 17576:Mayors of places in Tennessee 16522:A Visit from the Old Mistress 16221:Great Railroad Strike of 1877 16087:Specie Payment Resumption Act 15712:Board of Indian Commissioners 15644:Louisiana readmitted to Union 15606:Impeachment of Andrew Johnson 15470:Tennessee readmitted to Union 15304:Women's Loyal National League 14007:Straight-Out Democratic Party 13778:Confederate States of America 13288:American Anti-Slavery Society 12986:International Democracy Union 7977:U.S. House of Representatives 7960:U.S. House of Representatives 7620:Impeachment of Andrew Johnson 7346:Shapell Manuscript Foundation 3548: 3500:more than any other President 3239: 3031:United States Court of Claims 3011:United States district courts 2516:George T. Brown delivering a 2403:Impeachment of Andrew Johnson 2175: 2165: 1909:defeated the Confederates at 1834:Confederate States of America 1518:presidential election of 1848 1084:Confederate States of America 63: 17616:Presidency of Andrew Johnson 16148:Battle of the Little Bighorn 15632:Arkansas readmitted to Union 15538:Knights of the White Camelia 15500:Slave Kidnapping Act of 1866 15446:New Orleans Massacre of 1866 15420:Founding of the Ku Klux Klan 15378:Special Field Orders No. 15 15201:Slavery in the United States 7102:U.S. News & World Report 6053:American Antiquarian Society 6033:American Antiquarian Society 5840:, pp. 240–247, 284–292. 5249:, pp. 215–216, 234–235. 3553: 3163:In 1873, Johnson contracted 2071: 2067:Presidency of Andrew Johnson 1872:Johnson as military governor 1181:State Bank of North Carolina 1138: 1128:have consistently ranked him 1027:at that time. Johnson was a 768:Drunk V.P. inaugural address 7: 17007:Democratic Party (Northern) 16863:Democratic Party (Southern) 16666:Race (human categorization) 16056:United States v. Cruikshank 15647:Alabama readmitted to Union 15635:Florida readmitted to Union 12868:Republican Jewish Coalition 12783:Republican Governance Group 7883:Treason must be made odious 7548:Pardons for ex-Confederates 7377:(public domain audiobooks) 7212:Lenihan, Mary Ruth (1986). 7115:Andrew Johnson: A Biography 6969:. Oxford University Press. 6892:. New York: HarperCollins. 6184:. Federal Judiciary Center. 4437:Schroeder-Lein & Zuczuk 4101:Schroeder-Lein & Zuczuk 3420: 3114:Post-presidency (1869–1875) 2330:Congress also proposed the 2213:Presidential Reconstruction 1957:Lincoln considered several 1845:eastern region of Tennessee 1786:Declaration of Independence 1158:Andrew Johnson was born in 1108:unprecedented national tour 1095:Presidential Reconstruction 1047:without protection for the 1045:seceded states to the Union 10: 17697: 17496:1860s in the United States 16928:Constitutional Union Party 15867:General Mining Act of 1872 15836:New York custom house ring 15826:Meridian race riot of 1871 15770:Naturalization Act of 1870 12788:Republican Study Committee 8598:Witnesses for the defense 7806:Andrew Johnson and slavery 7721:Amphitheatrum Johnsonianum 7673:1868 Democratic Convention 7635:Second impeachment inquiry 7353:from the National Archives 7351:Resolutions of Impeachment 7181: 7140:. New York: Random House. 6771:American Historical Review 6093:David M. Pletcher (1998). 5867:"Ke Kuini Emalani ko luna" 3957:Donhardt, Gary L. (2007). 3908:"Slaves of Andrew Johnson" 3642:Nowlan, Robert A. (2016). 3481:and became president upon 3449:Amphitheatrum Johnsonianum 3002: 2742:The Andrew Johnson cabinet 2710:Administration and Cabinet 2702:, former Maryland senator 2400: 2158: 2110:, a fellow boarder at the 2075: 2064: 1928: 1801:Charleston, South Carolina 1778:raided the federal arsenal 1386:Mechanics' (Working Men's) 1384:Johnson helped organize a 1319:Andrew Johnson and slavery 1316: 1210:, August 20, 1869, Page 4) 1187:, a relative of President 919: 728:Andrew Johnson and slavery 511:Mechanics' (Working Men's) 36: 29: 17336: 17293: 17266: 17249: 17200: 17172: 17155: 17083: 17048: 17021: 17004: 16969: 16925: 16905: 16877: 16860: 16810: 16783: 16766: 16703: 16633: 16592: 16508: 16459:Been in the Storm So Long 16379:William Archibald Dunning 16339:The American Commonwealth 16307: 16300: 16229: 16193: 16120: 16047: 16009:Election Massacre of 1874 15971: 15910: 15859: 15798: 15747: 15717:Public Credit Act of 1869 15681: 15656:Fourth Reconstruction Act 15588: 15565:Habeas Corpus Act of 1867 15515: 15428: 15348: 15322: 15309:New York City draft riots 15279:Emancipation Proclamation 15271: 15188: 15181: 15131: 14153: 14107: 14061: 13954:National Union Convention 13934: 13927: 13786: 13763: 13699:Reconstruction Amendments 13689:African-American senators 13594: 13587: 13518:Secretary of the Interior 13516: 13497: 13472: 13441: 13416: 13399:Secretary of the Treasury 13397: 13386: 13369: 13280: 13234: 13203: 13172: 13131: 13090: 13049: 13042: 12963: 12926:Republican Liberty Caucus 12906: 12836: 12798: 12729: 12718: 12673: 12412: 12398: 12338: 11969: 11960: 11751: 11554: 11417: 10613: 10573: 10330: 10319: 10155: 10087: 10076: 9780: 9697: 9389: 9321: 9193: 8716: 8647: 8464: 8403: 8387: 8368: 8349: 8301: 8272: 8263: 8253: 8237: 8233:William Gannaway Brownlow 8229: 8219: 8199: 8191: 8184: 8174: 8165: 8157: 8147: 8138: 8130: 8116: 8107: 8099: 8089: 8080: 8072: 8067: 8057: 8042: 8034: 8024: 8011: 8003: 7998: 7988: 7973: 7965: 7958: 7953: 7892: 7872:Ledger-removal allegation 7849: 7798: 7739: 7681: 7630:First impeachment inquiry 7518: 7472: 7423: 7022:Sefton, James E. (1980). 2959:Secretary of the Interior 2957: 2953: 2934: 2907: 2903: 2864: 2860: 2833: 2829: 2816:Secretary of the Treasury 2810: 2791: 2774: 2757: 2741: 2684:. He came close with the 1918:Emancipation Proclamation 1891:transcontinental railroad 1828:Davis, who would soon be 1720:the people would send you 676: 666: 658: 650: 640: 635: 623: 606: 587: 551: 522: 497: 486: 475: 465: 448: 428: 423: 419: 407: 395: 384: 366: 354: 342: 331: 323: 309: 295: 285: 274: 267: 255: 243: 232: 220: 208: 197: 185: 173: 161: 153: 142: 134: 122: 110: 96: 85: 77: 73: 55: 48: 17646:Tennessee state senators 17611:Family of Andrew Johnson 16175:Safe burglary conspiracy 16062:Civil Rights Act of 1875 15841:Civil service commission 15441:Memphis massacre of 1866 15436:Civil Rights Act of 1866 15252:Confiscation Act of 1862 15247:Confiscation Act of 1861 14002:Liberal Republican Party 13684:Conservative Republicans 13538:Orville Hickman Browning 12696:Northern Mariana Islands 8627:William Tecumseh Sherman 7999:Party political offices 7948:Offices and distinctions 7877:Buell Commission records 7753:Martha Johnson Patterson 7595:Civil Rights Act of 1866 7553:State of the Union, 1865 7282:United States Congress. 6435:, pp. 334, 370–371. 6333:, pp. 348, 353–354. 6231:. Infobase. p. 65. 6195:Zuczek, Richard (2006). 4068:United States Congress. 3464: 3229: 3144:over Johnson, 54–51. In 2988:Orville Hickman Browning 2385:First Reconstruction Act 2321:Civil Rights Act of 1866 2308:, Massachusetts Senator 2040:Second Inaugural Address 1916:When Lincoln issued the 1790:Constitution of Illinois 1408:shared with neighboring 1217:Carthage, North Carolina 948:Martha Johnson Patterson 698:This article is part of 466:Cause of death 37:Not to be confused with 18:President Andrew Johnson 16671:Reconstruction Treaties 16490:A Nation Under Our Feet 16438:From Slavery to Freedom 16268:Williams v. Mississippi 16252:United States v. Harris 16143:Great Sioux War of 1876 16082:Yazoo City Riot of 1875 15984:Battle of Liberty Place 15872:Crédit Mobilier scandal 15821:Alcorn State University 15760:Enforcement Act of 1870 15626:Articles of impeachment 15533:Indian Peace Commission 15451:Swing Around the Circle 15388:Freedmen's Bureau bills 15230:Seneca Falls Convention 13959:Radical Democracy Party 13910:Freedman's Savings Bank 13313:Radical Democracy Party 8446:Swing Around the Circle 8413:Articles of impeachment 7663:Swing Around the Circle 7371:Works by Andrew Johnson 7362:Works by Andrew Johnson 7165:; Moore, Frank (1865). 3701:Polk family and kinsmen 2575:of the Senate. Wade, a 2349:Swing Around the Circle 1817:The election of Lincoln 1690:Homestead Bill advocate 1297:(1852). Though she had 1221:Laurens, South Carolina 1160:Raleigh, North Carolina 1153:Raleigh, North Carolina 1065:acquitted in the Senate 871:Articles of impeachment 831:Swing Around the Circle 826:Civil Rights Act (1866) 809:Conclusion of Civil War 459:Elizabethton, Tennessee 442:Raleigh, North Carolina 17561:Governors of Tennessee 16646:Forty acres and a mule 16369:Walter Lynwood Fleming 16154:United States v. Reese 15811:Second Enforcement Act 14041:Prohibition Convention 13773:Southern United States 13293:Anti-Nebraska movement 12778:Problem Solvers Caucus 8808:William Henry Harrison 8215:Alfred O. P. Nicholson 7747:Eliza McCardle Johnson 7464:(1853–1857, 1862–1865) 7451:Senator from Tennessee 7043:Smalley, Ruth (2003). 6498:dla.contentdm.oclc.org 6416:"The Whirlgig of Time" 5906:Byrd, Jodi A. (2011). 3487:Twenty-fifth Amendment 3418: 3364: 3327: 3297: 3245: 3195: 3190:"Here we are again!" ( 3123: 3079: 3043:Southern Homestead Act 2598:William Pitt Fessenden 2529: 2521: 2505: 2422: 2359:Radical Reconstruction 2292:On February 22, 1866, 2277: 2181: 2087: 2061:Presidency (1865–1869) 2012: 1996:the party's convention 1943: 1925:Vice presidency (1865) 1903:Nathan Bedford Forrest 1873: 1769: 1740:Dred Scott v. Sandford 1699: 1623: 1556: 1554:Greeneville, Tennessee 1539: 1461:William Henry Harrison 1390:Nat Turner's Rebellion 1360: 1262: 1249:Greeneville, Tennessee 1211: 1155: 1149:Mordecai Historic Park 1072:Greeneville, Tennessee 943:Eliza McCardle Johnson 856:Managers investigation 16620:Civil rights movement 16556:The Birth of a Nation 16165:Centennial Exposition 16019:Black Hills Gold Rush 15934:Slaughter-House Cases 15806:Ku Klux Klan hearings 15284:General Order No. 143 13903:James Mitchell Ashley 13499:Secretary of the Navy 12863:Log Cabin Republicans 9769:Governor of Tennessee 9038:Franklin D. Roosevelt 8110:Governor of Tennessee 8083:Governor of Tennessee 8018:Governor of Tennessee 7969:Thomas Dickens Arnold 7590:Judicial Circuits Act 7538:Judicial appointments 7462:Governor of Tennessee 6912:"He's The Worst Ever" 6807:Benedict, Michael Les 3413: 3388:civil rights movement 3379:Arthur M. Schlesinger 3359: 3325: 3292: 3237: 3204:Jeffersonian leanings 3182: 3121: 3073: 2999:Judicial appointments 2940:Secretary of the Navy 2666:North American colony 2594:Daniel Sheldon Norton 2527: 2511: 2492: 2463:Ohio General Assembly 2414: 2294:Washington's Birthday 2268: 2173: 2136:Springfield, Illinois 2116:Johnson's swearing-in 2085: 2047:Francis Preston Blair 2010: 1938: 1895:Western United States 1871: 1767: 1698:Senator Johnson, 1859 1697: 1685:United States Senator 1618: 1551: 1534: 1495:was elected president 1402:"floater" (open) seat 1354: 1257: 1205: 1146: 1134:Early life and career 746:Governor of Tennessee 651:Years of service 402:Thomas Dickens Arnold 326:Governor of Tennessee 187:United States Senator 17546:Burials in Tennessee 17341:Other 1864 elections 17158:National Union Party 17088:Other 1860 elections 16887:John C. Breckinridge 16201:Electoral Commission 16077:Clifton Riot of 1875 15831:Treaty of Washington 15523:Tenure of Office Act 15481:National Labor Union 15196:American Indian Wars 14046:Electoral Commission 14036:Greenback Convention 13799:Free people of color 13739:Federal bureaucracy 13679:Moderate Republicans 13482:William Dennison Jr. 13308:North American Party 13204:National conventions 13174:National Union Party 13043:Presidential tickets 12893:Republicans Overseas 12883:Teen Age Republicans 12686:District of Columbia 11087:1964 (San Francisco) 11047:1956 (San Francisco) 10583:National Union Party 9545:Charles W. Fairbanks 9473:John C. Breckinridge 9058:Dwight D. Eisenhower 8602:William W. Armstrong 8533:William S. Groesbeck 8519:President's counsel 8424:Tenure of Office Act 8266:Notes and references 7653:National Union Party 7605:Tenure of Office Act 7204:Hardison, Edwin T. " 7089:71.1 (2012): 16–45. 6998:vol 6 1866–72 online 6994:vol 5 1864–66 online 6924:Gordon-Reed, Annette 6910:(December 3, 2006). 5792:. Washington, D.C.: 5663:, pp. 316, 336. 4635:, pp. 116, 121. 3211:St. Louis Republican 3194:, February 20, 1875) 3188:The Whirlgig of Time 3175:Return to the Senate 3154:Benjamin F. Cheatham 2914:William Dennison Jr. 2651:Queen Emma of Hawaii 2590:James Rood Doolittle 2495:United States Senate 2390:Tenure of Office Act 2365:Fourteenth Amendment 2341:National Union Party 2332:Fourteenth Amendment 1992:National Union Party 1907:William S. Rosecrans 1677:, who were elected. 1675:John C. Breckinridge 1621:William Brown Cooper 1588:Landon Carter Haynes 1439:or the newly formed 1380:Tennessee politician 1245:Blue Ridge Mountains 1237:Mooresville, Alabama 1112:Tenure of Office Act 1104:Fourteenth Amendment 1037:National Union Party 804:Judicial appointment 30:For other uses, see 17651:Union Army generals 17284:George H. Pendleton 17276:George B. McClellan 17226:Daniel S. Dickinson 17066:Robert M. T. Hunter 17056:Daniel S. Dickinson 17039:Herschel V. Johnson 16913:Daniel S. Dickinson 16550:D. W. Griffith 16535:The Leopard's Spots 16425:The American Crisis 16359:Columbia University 16326:The Prostrate State 16320:James Shepherd Pike 16237:Posse Comitatus Act 16160:Trader post scandal 15948:Coinage Act of 1873 15722:Black Friday (1869) 15570:Peonage Act of 1867 15548:Reconstruction Acts 15528:Command of Army Act 15263:Militia Act of 1862 13674:Radical Republicans 13622:Rutherford B. Hayes 13235:Other party leaders 13226:1864 National Union 12846:College Republicans 11267:2000 (Philadelphia) 11007:1948 (Philadelphia) 10967:1940 (Philadelphia) 10784:1900 (Philadelphia) 10693:1872 (Philadelphia) 10641:1856 (Philadelphia) 10593:Fourth Party System 9515:Thomas A. Hendricks 8988:William Howard Taft 8908:Rutherford B. Hayes 8664:Profiles in Courage 8622:Frederick W. Seward 8565:William E. Chandler 8538:Thomas A. R. Nelson 8471:Presiding officer: 8441:Command of Army Act 8076:William B. Campbell 7771:Mary Johnson Stover 7610:Command of Army Act 7585:Reconstruction Acts 7306:Library of Congress 6916:The Washington Post 6815:. New York, Norton. 6704:, pp. 223–225. 6610:, pp. 218–219. 6520:, pp. 375–377. 6462:, pp. 216–217. 6384:, pp. 364–366. 6360:, pp. 214–215. 6321:, pp. 350–351. 6309:, pp. 211–212. 6297:, pp. 345–347. 6282:, pp. 340–343. 6270:, pp. 337–339. 6128:, pp. 204–205. 6083:, pp. 120–122. 5942:Kanahele, George S. 5794:Library of Congress 5771:, pp. 340–341. 5759:, pp. 323–328. 5711:, pp. 323–324. 5699:, pp. 138–139. 5651:, pp. 313–316. 5639:, pp. 109–111. 5603:, pp. 135–137. 5591:, pp. 128–135. 5579:, pp. 126–127. 5543:, pp. 107–109. 5468:, pp. 253–254. 5408:, pp. 250–251. 5360:, pp. 248–249. 5261:, pp. 216–217. 5153:, pp. 194–195. 5117:, pp. 193–194. 5018:, pp. 183–187. 5006:, pp. 181–185. 4994:, pp. 178–180. 4937:, pp. 168–170. 4860:, pp. 21, 661. 4812:, pp. 140–148. 4788:, pp. 138–143. 4740:, pp. 172–173. 4704:, pp. 123–127. 4611:, pp. 110–112. 4563:, pp. 105–107. 4539:, pp. 105–106. 4527:, pp. 104–105. 4515:, pp. 103–104. 3452:– 1867 illustration 3340:David Miller DeWitt 3303:, future president 3061:George H. Pendleton 2610:Peter G. Van Winkle 2431:General of the Army 2415:"The Situation", a 2312:, and abolitionist 2302:the first president 2206:Radical Republicans 2129:William A. Browning 1985:Daniel S. Dickinson 1887:land-grant colleges 1704:William B. Campbell 1561:Nathaniel G. Taylor 1503:William G. Brownlow 1487:Library of Congress 1307:Greeneville College 1241:Columbia, Tennessee 1197:Annette Gordon-Reed 958:Mary Johnson Stover 819:Reconstruction Acts 799:Cabinet appointment 349:William B. Campbell 316:William G. Brownlow 215:William G. Brownlow 17383:American Civil War 17324:Daniel W. Voorhees 17031:Stephen A. Douglas 16977:John J. Crittenden 16569:Gone with the Wind 16432:John Hope Franklin 16288:Disenfranchisement 16260:Plessy v. Ferguson 16244:Civil Rights Cases 16206:Compromise of 1877 16097:Wheeler Compromise 16014:Vicksburg massacre 15999:Timber Culture Act 15989:Coushatta massacre 15928:Timber Culture Act 15882:Star Route scandal 15765:Justice Department 15662:Georgia v. Stanton 15651:Opelousas massacre 15242:American Civil War 14051:Compromise of 1877 13753:Justice Department 13717:Federal judiciary 13596:Federal government 13581:Reconstruction era 13474:Postmaster General 13371:Secretary of State 12878:Republicans Abroad 12743:Legislative Digest 11207:1988 (New Orleans) 11147:1976 (Kansas City) 11127:1972 (Miami Beach) 11107:1968 (Miami Beach) 10907:1928 (Kansas City) 10771:1896 (Saint Louis) 10758:1892 (Minneapolis) 10603:Sixth Party System 10598:Fifth Party System 10588:Third Party System 9635:Nelson Rockefeller 9557:Thomas R. Marshall 9539:Theodore Roosevelt 9503:William A. Wheeler 9443:Richard M. Johnson 9425:Daniel D. Tompkins 8978:Theodore Roosevelt 8612:Richard T. Merrick 8560:Walter A. Burleigh 8528:Benjamin R. Curtis 8486:George S. Boutwell 8246:Served alongside: 8223:David T. Patterson 8208:Served alongside: 8068:Political offices 7905:Ulysses S. Grant → 7836:William A. Johnson 7816:Elizabeth J. Forby 7759:David T. Patterson 7575:Colorado Territory 7543:Reconstruction era 7110:Trefousse, Hans L. 6985:Rhodes, James Ford 6961:McKitrick, Eric L. 6653:, pp. 220–21. 6178:"Milligan, Samuel" 4034:, pp. 14, 25. 3986:, pp. 33, 36. 3934:Winston, Robert W. 3328: 3246: 3196: 3124: 3080: 3050:Completion of term 2909:Postmaster General 2797:Secretary of State 2686:Danish West Indies 2542:Benjamin R. Curtis 2534:George S. Boutwell 2530: 2522: 2506: 2423: 2374:Colorado Territory 2278: 2239:Alexander Stephens 2182: 2161:Reconstruction Era 2144:Joseph E. Johnston 2140:William T. Sherman 2108:Leonard J. Farwell 2088: 2055:Richmond, Virginia 2013: 1944: 1874: 1770: 1752:by the Mormons in 1700: 1656:Know Nothing Party 1648:Meredith P. Gentry 1624: 1577:Compromise of 1850 1557: 1361: 1273:, first cousin of 1263: 1212: 1156: 1051:who were formerly 1049:newly freed people 814:Reconstruction era 671:American Civil War 645:United States Army 262:David T. Patterson 17364: 17363: 17358: 17357: 17332: 17331: 17319:Augustus C. Dodge 17304:Thomas H. Seymour 17245: 17244: 17105: 17104: 17079: 17078: 17000: 16999: 16982:William A. Graham 16921: 16920: 16856: 16855: 16843:William H. Seward 16833:William L. Dayton 16716: 16715: 16699: 16698: 16625:American frontier 16479:Kenneth M. Stampp 16296: 16295: 16138:Ellenton massacre 15979:Brooks–Baxter War 15728:Ex parte McCardle 15494:Ex parte Milligan 15383:Freedmen's Bureau 15299:National Bank Act 15177: 15176: 14012:Victoria Woodhull 13923: 13922: 13794:African Americans 13765:State governments 13748:Freedmen's Bureau 13547: 13546: 13526:John Palmer Usher 13488:Alexander Randall 13463:William M. Evarts 13379:William H. Seward 13321: 13320: 13257:William H. Seward 13199: 13198: 13145:William L. Dayton 13004: 13003: 12959: 12958: 12888:Young Republicans 12756:Senate Conference 12714: 12713: 12394: 12393: 10706:1876 (Cincinnati) 10531: 10530: 10115: 10114: 9735: 9734: 9647:George H. W. Bush 9611:Lyndon B. Johnson 9509:Chester A. Arthur 9349: 9348: 9128:George H. W. Bush 9078:Lyndon B. Johnson 9008:Warren G. Harding 8948:Benjamin Harrison 8928:Chester A. Arthur 8918:James A. Garfield 8778:John Quincy Adams 8728:George Washington 8676: 8675: 8669:Tennessee Johnson 8617:Alexander Randall 8590:James K. Moorhead 8570:James O. Clephane 8523:William M. Evarts 8466:Impeachment trial 8456:Hamilton Ward Sr. 8339:impeachment trial 8288: 8287: 8283: 8282: 8279: 8268: 8254:Succeeded by 8220:Succeeded by 8206:1857–1862 8175:Succeeded by 8148:Succeeded by 8117:Succeeded by 8090:Succeeded by 8058:Succeeded by 8025:Succeeded by 8007:William Trousdale 7992:Brookins Campbell 7989:Succeeded by 7940: 7939: 7918:Schuyler Colfax → 7913:← Hannibal Hamlin 7898:← Abraham Lincoln 7862:Alcoholism debate 7841:Florence J. Smith 7729:Tennessee Johnson 7485:Southern Unionist 7453:(1857–1862, 1875) 7366:Project Gutenberg 7246:Levine, Robert S. 7147:978-0-8129-9836-8 7134:Wineapple, Brenda 7125:978-0-393-31742-8 7078:978-1-4165-4749-5 7065:Stewart, David O. 7056:978-1-57072-257-8 7028:. Little, Brown. 7014:978-1-57607-030-7 6976:978-0-19-505707-2 6937:978-0-8050-6948-8 6899:978-0-06-093716-4 6877:978-1-56663-739-8 6858:978-0-684-80551-1 6845:Castel, Albert E. 6836:978-0-7006-0190-5 6821:Castel, Albert E. 6238:978-1-4381-0797-4 6208:978-0-313-33075-9 6112:978-0-8262-1127-9 5992:978-0-8061-2573-2 5957:978-0-8248-2240-8 5919:978-1-4529-3317-7 5863:Apoliona, Haunani 5852:, pp. 40–41. 5615:, pp. 95–97. 5567:, pp. 64–66. 5555:, pp. 62–64. 5528:, pp. 88–89. 5504:, pp. 60–62. 5492:, pp. 57–58. 5480:, pp. 75–76. 5396:, pp. 51–53. 5372:, pp. 51–52. 5348:, pp. 62–68. 5297:, pp. 58–59. 5273:, pp. 50–59. 5225:, pp. 18–21. 5213:, pp. 28–29. 5189:, pp. 93–95. 5165:, pp. 90–92. 4889:, pp. 71–72. 4824:, pp. 69–70. 4716:, pp. 60–63. 4623:, pp. 58–59. 4599:, pp. 54–55. 4503:, pp. 95–97. 4491:, pp. 55–56. 4451:, pp. 52–53. 4415:, pp. 87–88. 4403:, pp. 84–85. 4298:. August 15, 2016 4296:National Archives 4281:, pp. 75–76. 4269:, pp. 74–75. 4237:978-1-62376-929-1 4214:, pp. 69–71. 4202:, pp. 47–49. 4190:, pp. 45–46. 4178:, pp. 61–63. 4163:, pp. 43–44. 4115:, pp. 51–53. 4091:, pp. 45–46. 3998:, pp. 36–37. 3970:978-1-60021-086-0 3868:, pp. 32–33. 3844:, pp. 31–32. 3832:, pp. 27–29. 3820:, pp. 28–29. 3808:, pp. 29–30. 3796:, pp. 27–29. 3784:, pp. 23–26. 3745:, pp. 22–23. 3733:, pp. 18–22. 3671:, pp. 17–18. 3655:978-1-4787-6572-1 3620:, pp. 33–36. 3590:, pp. 39–40. 3573:, pp. 38–42. 3457:Tennessee Johnson 3374:Tennessee Johnson 3288:James Ford Rhodes 3169:that year he lost 3037:Reforms initiated 2996: 2995: 2964:John Palmer Usher 2926:Alexander Randall 2895:William M. Evarts 2802:William H. Seward 2674:Eduard de Stoeckl 2642:William H. Seward 2606:John B. Henderson 2538:William M. Evarts 2499:Theodore R. Davis 2425:Secretary of War 2286:Freedmen's Bureau 2280:Illinois Senator 2274:Freedmen's Bureau 2100:John Wilkes Booth 1879:brigadier general 1856:Southern Unionist 1776:and sympathizers 1654:positions of the 1581:Electoral College 1449:Brookins Campbell 1422:Tennessee Militia 1418:Hans L. Trefousse 1410:Washington County 1345:Freedmen's Bureau 1227:Move to Tennessee 1010: 1009: 715: 714: 680: 679: 439:December 29, 1808 414:Brookins Campbell 374:from Tennessee's 16:(Redirected from 17688: 17631:American tailors 17453: 17452: 17451: 17441: 17440: 17429: 17428: 17427: 17417: 17416: 17415: 17405: 17404: 17393: 17392: 17391: 17381: 17380: 17379: 17372: 17294:Other candidates 17282:Vice President: 17264: 17263: 17252:Democratic Party 17211:Ulysses S. Grant 17201:Other candidates 17189:Vice President: 17170: 17169: 17132: 17125: 17118: 17109: 17108: 17049:Other candidates 17037:Vice President: 17019: 17018: 16992:William C. Rives 16970:Other candidates 16958:Vice President: 16940: 16939: 16906:Other candidates 16894:Vice President: 16875: 16874: 16811:Other candidates 16799:Vice President: 16781: 16780: 16769:Republican Party 16743: 16736: 16729: 16720: 16719: 16582:Race and Reunion 16529:Thomas Dixon Jr. 16419:William R. Brock 16409:C. Vann Woodward 16396:W. E. B. Du Bois 16386:Charles A. Beard 16346:Claude G. Bowers 16305: 16304: 16128:Hamburg massacre 16107:Pratt & Boyd 16072:Mississippi Plan 16029:Anti-Moiety Acts 16024:Sanborn incident 15816:Ku Klux Klan Act 15487:Ex parte Garland 15294:Ten percent plan 15186: 15185: 13932: 13931: 13883:Thaddeus Stevens 13868:Republican Party 13861:Samuel J. Tilden 13851:Bourbon Democrat 13846:Democratic Party 13617:Ulysses S. Grant 13592: 13591: 13574: 13567: 13560: 13551: 13550: 13443:Attorney General 13418:Secretary of War 13392: 13391: 13348: 13341: 13334: 13325: 13324: 13303:Conscience Whigs 13272:Francis P. Blair 13133:Republican Party 13118:George W. Julian 13104:Charles F. Adams 13100:Martin Van Buren 13047: 13046: 13031: 13024: 13017: 13008: 13007: 12761:Policy Committee 12737:House Conference 12727: 12726: 12410: 12409: 11967: 11966: 11387:2024 (Milwaukee) 11347:2016 (Cleveland) 11247:1996 (San Diego) 10947:1936 (Cleveland) 10887:1924 (Cleveland) 10667:1864 (Baltimore) 10567: 10566:Republican Party 10558: 10551: 10544: 10535: 10534: 10325: 10142: 10135: 10128: 10119: 10118: 10105: 10104: 10095: 10094: 10082: 10081: 9762: 9755: 9748: 9739: 9738: 9725: 9724: 9715: 9714: 9705: 9704: 9599:Alben W. Barkley 9587:Henry A. Wallace 9569:Charles G. Dawes 9551:James S. Sherman 9461:Millard Fillmore 9455:George M. Dallas 9437:Martin Van Buren 9401:Thomas Jefferson 9376: 9369: 9362: 9353: 9352: 9339: 9338: 9329: 9328: 8968:William McKinley 8958:Grover Cleveland 8938:Grover Cleveland 8898:Ulysses S. Grant 8848:Millard Fillmore 8798:Martin Van Buren 8748:Thomas Jefferson 8703: 8696: 8689: 8680: 8679: 8607:Walter Smith Cox 8575:William H. Emory 8501:Thaddeus Stevens 8434:Ulysses S. Grant 8398: 8397: 8393: 8392: 8361: 8328: 8321: 8314: 8305: 8304: 8292: 8291: 8273: 8264: 8230:Preceded by 8192:Preceded by 8178:Ulysses S. Grant 8158:Preceded by 8131:Preceded by 8125: 8100:Preceded by 8073:Preceded by 8035:Preceded by 8004:Preceded by 7966:Preceded by 7956: 7955: 7944: 7943: 7929: 7928: 7713:Southern Justice 7465: 7454: 7446: 7435: 7410: 7403: 7396: 7387: 7386: 7382: 7381: 7293: 7266:2017. 10277975). 7253: 7227: 7172: 7151: 7129: 7105: 7082: 7060: 7039: 7018: 6992: 6980: 6956: 6941: 6919: 6903: 6881: 6862: 6840: 6816: 6802: 6767:Beale, Howard K. 6753: 6747: 6741: 6735: 6729: 6723: 6717: 6711: 6705: 6699: 6693: 6687: 6678: 6672: 6666: 6660: 6654: 6648: 6642: 6636: 6630: 6624: 6611: 6605: 6599: 6593: 6587: 6581: 6572: 6566: 6557: 6551: 6545: 6539: 6533: 6527: 6521: 6515: 6509: 6508: 6506: 6504: 6490: 6484: 6483: 6469: 6463: 6457: 6451: 6445: 6436: 6430: 6424: 6423: 6412: 6406: 6405: 6403: 6401: 6391: 6385: 6379: 6373: 6367: 6361: 6355: 6349: 6343: 6334: 6328: 6322: 6316: 6310: 6304: 6298: 6292: 6283: 6277: 6271: 6265: 6259: 6249: 6243: 6242: 6222: 6213: 6212: 6192: 6186: 6185: 6174: 6168: 6162: 6156: 6150: 6144: 6138: 6129: 6123: 6117: 6116: 6100: 6090: 6084: 6078: 6072: 6071: 6069: 6067: 6056: 6050: 6036: 6030: 6015: 6009: 6003: 5997: 5996: 5976: 5970: 5969: 5938: 5932: 5931: 5903: 5897: 5896: 5894: 5892: 5886: 5871: 5865:(January 2010). 5859: 5853: 5847: 5841: 5835: 5829: 5823: 5817: 5811: 5805: 5804: 5802: 5800: 5778: 5772: 5766: 5760: 5754: 5748: 5742: 5736: 5730: 5724: 5718: 5712: 5706: 5700: 5694: 5688: 5682: 5676: 5670: 5664: 5658: 5652: 5646: 5640: 5634: 5628: 5622: 5616: 5610: 5604: 5598: 5592: 5586: 5580: 5574: 5568: 5562: 5556: 5550: 5544: 5538: 5529: 5523: 5517: 5511: 5505: 5499: 5493: 5487: 5481: 5475: 5469: 5463: 5457: 5451: 5445: 5439: 5433: 5427: 5421: 5415: 5409: 5403: 5397: 5391: 5385: 5379: 5373: 5367: 5361: 5355: 5349: 5343: 5334: 5328: 5322: 5316: 5310: 5304: 5298: 5292: 5286: 5280: 5274: 5268: 5262: 5256: 5250: 5244: 5238: 5232: 5226: 5220: 5214: 5208: 5202: 5196: 5190: 5184: 5178: 5172: 5166: 5160: 5154: 5148: 5142: 5136: 5130: 5124: 5118: 5112: 5106: 5100: 5094: 5088: 5082: 5076: 5070: 5064: 5058: 5052: 5046: 5045:, pp. 9–10. 5040: 5034: 5028: 5019: 5013: 5007: 5001: 4995: 4989: 4980: 4974: 4968: 4962: 4953: 4947: 4938: 4932: 4926: 4920: 4914: 4908: 4902: 4896: 4890: 4884: 4878: 4872: 4861: 4855: 4849: 4843: 4837: 4831: 4825: 4819: 4813: 4807: 4801: 4795: 4789: 4783: 4777: 4771: 4765: 4759: 4753: 4747: 4741: 4735: 4729: 4723: 4717: 4711: 4705: 4699: 4693: 4690: 4684: 4678: 4672: 4666: 4660: 4654: 4648: 4642: 4636: 4630: 4624: 4618: 4612: 4606: 4600: 4594: 4588: 4582: 4576: 4570: 4564: 4558: 4552: 4546: 4540: 4534: 4528: 4522: 4516: 4510: 4504: 4498: 4492: 4486: 4480: 4470: 4464: 4458: 4452: 4446: 4440: 4434: 4428: 4422: 4416: 4410: 4404: 4398: 4389: 4383: 4374: 4368: 4359: 4353: 4347: 4341: 4335: 4329: 4323: 4317: 4308: 4307: 4305: 4303: 4288: 4282: 4276: 4270: 4264: 4258: 4252: 4246: 4245: 4221: 4215: 4209: 4203: 4197: 4191: 4185: 4179: 4173: 4164: 4158: 4152: 4146: 4140: 4134: 4128: 4122: 4116: 4110: 4104: 4098: 4092: 4086: 4080: 4079: 4065: 4059: 4053: 4047: 4041: 4035: 4029: 4023: 4017: 4011: 4005: 3999: 3993: 3987: 3981: 3975: 3974: 3954: 3948: 3947: 3930: 3924: 3923: 3921: 3919: 3904: 3893: 3887: 3881: 3875: 3869: 3863: 3857: 3851: 3845: 3839: 3833: 3827: 3821: 3815: 3809: 3803: 3797: 3791: 3785: 3779: 3770: 3764: 3758: 3752: 3746: 3740: 3734: 3728: 3722: 3716: 3710: 3709: 3706:Internet Archive 3695: 3689: 3683: 3672: 3666: 3660: 3659: 3639: 3633: 3627: 3621: 3615: 3606: 3600: 3591: 3585: 3574: 3568: 3542: 3539:Ulysses S. Grant 3531: 3525: 3522: 3516: 3509: 3503: 3496: 3490: 3475: 3244: 3241: 2866:Attorney General 2835:Secretary of War 2739: 2738: 2722: 2602:Joseph S. Fowler 2512:Illustration of 2345:election of 1866 2314:Wendell Phillips 2306:Thaddeus Stevens 2251:David O. Stewart 2223:Francis Pierpont 2187:ten percent plan 2180: 2177: 2051:Ulysses S. Grant 2018:George McClellan 1941:Currier and Ives 1760:Secession crisis 1735:Republican Party 1629:Nathaniel Taylor 1465:Tennessee Senate 1457:Martin Van Buren 1313:Johnson's slaves 1271:Mordecai Lincoln 1076:Tennessee Senate 1002: 995: 988: 977: 976: 915:Return to Senate 711: 710: 708: 701: 693: 686: 685: 682: 681: 636:Military service 631: 545: 543: 539: 508: 455: 438: 436: 424:Personal details 410: 398: 389: 379: 372: 357: 345: 336: 312: 298: 288: 279: 258: 246: 237: 223: 211: 202: 176: 164: 147: 129:Ulysses S. Grant 125: 113: 101: 90: 68: 67: 1870–1875 65: 60: 46: 45: 21: 17696: 17695: 17691: 17690: 17689: 17687: 17686: 17685: 17461: 17460: 17459: 17449: 17447: 17435: 17425: 17423: 17413: 17411: 17399: 17389: 17387: 17377: 17375: 17367: 17365: 17360: 17359: 17354: 17328: 17311:Vice President: 17289: 17255: 17241: 17237:Lovell Rousseau 17231:Hannibal Hamlin 17221:Benjamin Butler 17218:Vice President: 17196: 17182:Abraham Lincoln 17161: 17151: 17136: 17106: 17101: 17075: 17044: 17010: 16996: 16965: 16931: 16917: 16901: 16866: 16852: 16828:Salmon P. Chase 16806: 16801:Hannibal Hamlin 16793:Abraham Lincoln 16772: 16762: 16747: 16717: 16712: 16695: 16686:White supremacy 16629: 16588: 16576:David W. Blight 16504: 16414:Joel Williamson 16391:Howard K. Beale 16292: 16281:Giles v. Harris 16225: 16216:Desert Land Act 16189: 16116: 16043: 15967: 15953:Long Depression 15923:Colfax massacre 15906: 15887:Salary Grab Act 15855: 15794: 15775:Kirk–Holden war 15743: 15677: 15584: 15511: 15424: 15405:Shaw University 15344: 15330:Wade–Davis Bill 15318: 15267: 15173: 15127: 14149: 14103: 14057: 13937: 13919: 13856:Horatio Seymour 13782: 13766: 13759: 13607:Abraham Lincoln 13597: 13583: 13578: 13548: 13543: 13512: 13493: 13468: 13437: 13412: 13393: 13389: 13384: 13365: 13352: 13322: 13317: 13276: 13247:Salmon P. Chase 13230: 13221:1860 Republican 13216:1856 Republican 13195: 13182:Abraham Lincoln 13168: 13159:Hannibal Hamlin 13155:Abraham Lincoln 13141:John C. Frémont 13127: 13092:Free Soil Party 13086: 13073:James G. Birney 13059:James G. Birney 13038: 13035: 13005: 13000: 12955: 12908: 12902: 12838: 12832: 12800: 12794: 12721: 12710: 12669: 12405: 12403: 12390: 12339:Chair elections 12334: 11956: 11855:D. B. Henderson 11843:T. J. Henderson 11768: 11765: 11763: 11758: 11754: 11747: 11565: 11562: 11560: 11557: 11550: 11423:administrations 11421: 11413: 11307:2008 (St. Paul) 11287:2004 (New York) 10632: 10629: 10627: 10623: 10620: 10616: 10609: 10569: 10565: 10562: 10532: 10527: 10326: 10317: 10151: 10146: 10116: 10111: 10083: 10079: 10074: 9776: 9766: 9736: 9731: 9693: 9692: 9617:Hubert Humphrey 9593:Harry S. Truman 9563:Calvin Coolidge 9527:Adlai Stevenson 9491:Schuyler Colfax 9479:Hannibal Hamlin 9467:William R. King 9431:John C. Calhoun 9385: 9380: 9350: 9345: 9317: 9243:F. D. Roosevelt 9195: 9189: 9188: 9187: 9068:John F. Kennedy 9048:Harry S. Truman 9018:Calvin Coolidge 8878:Abraham Lincoln 8858:Franklin Pierce 8718: 8712: 8707: 8677: 8672: 8643: 8580:Thomas W. Ferry 8555:Foster Blodgett 8511:James F. Wilson 8506:Thomas Williams 8491:Benjamin Butler 8477:House managers 8473:Salmon P. Chase 8460: 8399: 8395: 8390: 8385: 8364: 8357: 8353: 8345: 8332: 8297: 8289: 8284: 8278:ticket in 1864. 8259: 8245: 8243: 8235: 8225: 8207: 8205: 8197: 8180: 8171: 8163: 8161:Abraham Lincoln 8153: 8151:Schuyler Colfax 8144: 8136: 8134:Hannibal Hamlin 8126: 8123: 8122: 8113: 8105: 8103:Isham G. Harris 8095: 8093:Isham G. Harris 8086: 8078: 8063: 8061:Schuyler Colfax 8052: 8040: 8038:Hannibal Hamlin 8030: 8028:Isham G. Harris 8021: 8009: 7994: 7985: 7979: 7971: 7949: 7941: 7936: 7888: 7845: 7794: 7765:Charles Johnson 7735: 7677: 7580:Alaska Purchase 7514: 7468: 7457: 7449: 7438: 7427: 7419: 7414: 7379: 7276: 7187: 7180: 7178:Further reading 7175: 7163:Johnson, Andrew 7158: 7156:Primary sources 7148: 7126: 7079: 7057: 7036: 7015: 6977: 6938: 6900: 6878: 6859: 6837: 6783:10.2307/1854452 6761: 6756: 6748: 6744: 6736: 6732: 6724: 6720: 6712: 6708: 6700: 6696: 6688: 6681: 6673: 6669: 6661: 6657: 6649: 6645: 6637: 6633: 6625: 6614: 6606: 6602: 6594: 6590: 6582: 6575: 6567: 6560: 6552: 6548: 6540: 6536: 6528: 6524: 6516: 6512: 6502: 6500: 6492: 6491: 6487: 6470: 6466: 6458: 6454: 6446: 6439: 6431: 6427: 6420:Harper's Weekly 6414: 6413: 6409: 6399: 6397: 6393: 6392: 6388: 6380: 6376: 6368: 6364: 6356: 6352: 6344: 6337: 6329: 6325: 6317: 6313: 6305: 6301: 6293: 6286: 6278: 6274: 6266: 6262: 6250: 6246: 6239: 6223: 6216: 6209: 6193: 6189: 6176: 6175: 6171: 6163: 6159: 6151: 6147: 6139: 6132: 6124: 6120: 6113: 6091: 6087: 6079: 6075: 6065: 6063: 6048: 6040:McCusker, J. J. 6028: 6020:McCusker, J. J. 6016: 6012: 6004: 6000: 5993: 5977: 5973: 5958: 5939: 5935: 5920: 5904: 5900: 5890: 5888: 5884: 5869: 5860: 5856: 5848: 5844: 5836: 5832: 5824: 5820: 5812: 5808: 5798: 5796: 5780: 5779: 5775: 5767: 5763: 5755: 5751: 5743: 5739: 5731: 5727: 5719: 5715: 5707: 5703: 5695: 5691: 5683: 5679: 5671: 5667: 5659: 5655: 5647: 5643: 5635: 5631: 5623: 5619: 5611: 5607: 5599: 5595: 5587: 5583: 5575: 5571: 5563: 5559: 5551: 5547: 5539: 5532: 5524: 5520: 5512: 5508: 5500: 5496: 5488: 5484: 5476: 5472: 5464: 5460: 5452: 5448: 5440: 5436: 5428: 5424: 5416: 5412: 5404: 5400: 5392: 5388: 5380: 5376: 5368: 5364: 5356: 5352: 5344: 5337: 5329: 5325: 5317: 5313: 5305: 5301: 5293: 5289: 5281: 5277: 5269: 5265: 5257: 5253: 5245: 5241: 5233: 5229: 5221: 5217: 5209: 5205: 5197: 5193: 5185: 5181: 5173: 5169: 5161: 5157: 5149: 5145: 5137: 5133: 5125: 5121: 5113: 5109: 5101: 5097: 5089: 5085: 5077: 5073: 5065: 5061: 5053: 5049: 5041: 5037: 5029: 5022: 5014: 5010: 5002: 4998: 4990: 4983: 4975: 4971: 4963: 4956: 4948: 4941: 4933: 4929: 4921: 4917: 4909: 4905: 4897: 4893: 4885: 4881: 4873: 4864: 4856: 4852: 4844: 4840: 4832: 4828: 4820: 4816: 4808: 4804: 4796: 4792: 4784: 4780: 4772: 4768: 4760: 4756: 4748: 4744: 4736: 4732: 4724: 4720: 4712: 4708: 4700: 4696: 4691: 4687: 4679: 4675: 4667: 4663: 4655: 4651: 4643: 4639: 4631: 4627: 4619: 4615: 4607: 4603: 4595: 4591: 4583: 4579: 4571: 4567: 4559: 4555: 4547: 4543: 4535: 4531: 4523: 4519: 4511: 4507: 4499: 4495: 4487: 4483: 4471: 4467: 4459: 4455: 4447: 4443: 4435: 4431: 4423: 4419: 4411: 4407: 4399: 4392: 4384: 4377: 4369: 4362: 4354: 4350: 4342: 4338: 4330: 4326: 4318: 4311: 4301: 4299: 4290: 4289: 4285: 4277: 4273: 4265: 4261: 4253: 4249: 4238: 4222: 4218: 4210: 4206: 4198: 4194: 4186: 4182: 4174: 4167: 4159: 4155: 4147: 4143: 4135: 4131: 4123: 4119: 4111: 4107: 4099: 4095: 4087: 4083: 4066: 4062: 4054: 4050: 4042: 4038: 4030: 4026: 4018: 4014: 4006: 4002: 3994: 3990: 3982: 3978: 3971: 3955: 3951: 3931: 3927: 3917: 3915: 3906: 3905: 3896: 3888: 3884: 3876: 3872: 3864: 3860: 3852: 3848: 3840: 3836: 3828: 3824: 3816: 3812: 3804: 3800: 3792: 3788: 3780: 3773: 3765: 3761: 3753: 3749: 3741: 3737: 3729: 3725: 3717: 3713: 3696: 3692: 3684: 3675: 3667: 3663: 3656: 3640: 3636: 3628: 3624: 3616: 3609: 3601: 3594: 3586: 3577: 3569: 3560: 3556: 3551: 3546: 3545: 3532: 3528: 3523: 3519: 3510: 3506: 3497: 3493: 3483:Lincoln's death 3479:Abraham Lincoln 3476: 3472: 3467: 3423: 3392:neoabolitionist 3357:Castel writes: 3309:William Dunning 3276:Howard K. Beale 3272:James G. Blaine 3267: 3242: 3232: 3200:Grange movement 3192:Harper's Weekly 3177: 3116: 3089:President-elect 3076:Harper's Weekly 3065:Horatio Seymour 3052: 3039: 3027:Samuel Milligan 3007: 3001: 2992:1866–1869 2980:1865–1866 2949:1865–1869 2930:1866–1869 2918:1865–1866 2899:1868–1869 2887:1866–1868 2875:1865–1866 2856:1868–1869 2844:1865–1868 2825:1865–1869 2806:1865–1869 2787:1865–1869 2770:1865–1869 2737: 2736: 2735: 2730: 2725: 2724: 2723: 2712: 2704:Reverdy Johnson 2638: 2630:Charles Woolley 2553:James W. Grimes 2503:Harper's Weekly 2501:, published in 2452:Philip Sheridan 2418:Harper's Weekly 2409: 2401:Main articles: 2399: 2361: 2259: 2215: 2178: 2168: 2163: 2157: 2120:Salmon P. Chase 2104:George Atzerodt 2080: 2074: 2069: 2063: 1963:Benjamin Butler 1948:Hannibal Hamlin 1933: 1927: 1897:to settlement. 1864: 1841:Isham G. Harris 1825:Jefferson Davis 1813:Abraham Lincoln 1805:Stephen Douglas 1768:Johnson in 1860 1762: 1692: 1687: 1613: 1605:Nashville Union 1597:Franklin Pierce 1522:Free Soil Party 1474: 1382: 1377: 1321: 1315: 1229: 1183:, appointed by 1141: 1136: 1061:his impeachment 1033:Abraham Lincoln 1006: 974: 972: 953:Charles Johnson 939: 936: 911: 910:Post-presidency 908: 880: 877: 780: 777: 763:Vice presidency 759: 756: 748: 742: 706: 704: 703: 702: 699: 697: 619: 602: 583: 547: 535: 531: 514: 509: 503: 499: 498:Other political 487:Political party 457: 453: 440: 434: 432: 408: 396: 390: 385: 373: 368: 361:Isham G. Harris 355: 343: 337: 332: 318: 310: 304: 302:Isham G. Harris 296: 291:Abraham Lincoln 286: 280: 275: 256: 244: 238: 233: 221: 209: 203: 198: 189: 180:Schuyler Colfax 174: 168:Hannibal Hamlin 162: 157:Abraham Lincoln 148: 143: 123: 117:Abraham Lincoln 111: 97: 91: 86: 69: 66: 51: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 17694: 17684: 17683: 17678: 17673: 17668: 17663: 17658: 17653: 17648: 17643: 17638: 17633: 17628: 17623: 17618: 17613: 17608: 17603: 17598: 17593: 17588: 17583: 17578: 17573: 17568: 17563: 17558: 17553: 17548: 17543: 17538: 17533: 17528: 17523: 17518: 17513: 17508: 17503: 17498: 17493: 17488: 17483: 17478: 17473: 17471:Andrew Johnson 17458: 17457: 17445: 17433: 17421: 17409: 17397: 17385: 17362: 17361: 17356: 17355: 17353: 17352: 17347: 17337: 17334: 17333: 17330: 17329: 17327: 17326: 17321: 17316: 17314:George W. Cass 17307: 17306: 17297: 17295: 17291: 17290: 17288: 17287: 17279: 17270: 17268: 17261: 17247: 17246: 17243: 17242: 17240: 17239: 17234: 17228: 17223: 17214: 17213: 17204: 17202: 17198: 17197: 17195: 17194: 17191:Andrew Johnson 17186: 17176: 17174: 17167: 17153: 17152: 17135: 17134: 17127: 17120: 17112: 17103: 17102: 17100: 17099: 17094: 17084: 17081: 17080: 17077: 17076: 17074: 17073: 17071:Andrew Johnson 17068: 17063: 17058: 17052: 17050: 17046: 17045: 17043: 17042: 17034: 17025: 17023: 17016: 17002: 17001: 16998: 16997: 16995: 16994: 16989: 16984: 16979: 16973: 16971: 16967: 16966: 16964: 16963: 16960:Edward Everett 16955: 16946: 16944: 16937: 16923: 16922: 16919: 16918: 16916: 16915: 16909: 16907: 16903: 16902: 16900: 16899: 16891: 16890:(incumbent VP) 16881: 16879: 16872: 16858: 16857: 16854: 16853: 16851: 16850: 16845: 16840: 16835: 16830: 16825: 16820: 16814: 16812: 16808: 16807: 16805: 16804: 16796: 16787: 16785: 16778: 16764: 16763: 16746: 16745: 16738: 16731: 16723: 16714: 16713: 16711: 16710: 16704: 16701: 16700: 16697: 16696: 16694: 16693: 16688: 16683: 16678: 16673: 16668: 16663: 16658: 16653: 16648: 16643: 16637: 16635: 16631: 16630: 16628: 16627: 16622: 16617: 16612: 16607: 16602: 16596: 16594: 16590: 16589: 16587: 16586: 16578: 16573: 16565: 16560: 16552: 16547: 16539: 16531: 16526: 16518: 16512: 16510: 16506: 16505: 16503: 16502: 16494: 16486: 16481: 16476: 16468: 16463: 16455: 16450: 16442: 16434: 16429: 16421: 16416: 16411: 16406: 16398: 16393: 16388: 16383: 16382: 16381: 16374:Dunning School 16371: 16366: 16361: 16356: 16352:The Tragic Era 16348: 16343: 16335: 16330: 16322: 16317: 16311: 16309: 16308:Historiography 16302: 16298: 16297: 16294: 16293: 16291: 16290: 16285: 16277: 16272: 16264: 16256: 16248: 16240: 16233: 16231: 16227: 16226: 16224: 16223: 16218: 16213: 16208: 16203: 16197: 16195: 16191: 16190: 16188: 16187: 16182: 16180:1876 elections 16177: 16172: 16167: 16162: 16157: 16150: 16145: 16140: 16135: 16130: 16124: 16122: 16118: 16117: 16115: 16114: 16109: 16104: 16099: 16094: 16089: 16084: 16079: 16074: 16069: 16064: 16059: 16051: 16049: 16045: 16044: 16042: 16041: 16036: 16034:1874 elections 16031: 16026: 16021: 16016: 16011: 16006: 16001: 15996: 15991: 15986: 15981: 15975: 15973: 15969: 15968: 15966: 15965: 15960: 15955: 15950: 15945: 15937: 15930: 15925: 15920: 15914: 15912: 15908: 15907: 15905: 15904: 15899: 15897:1872 elections 15894: 15889: 15884: 15879: 15874: 15869: 15863: 15861: 15857: 15856: 15854: 15853: 15848: 15843: 15838: 15833: 15828: 15823: 15818: 15813: 15808: 15802: 15800: 15796: 15795: 15793: 15792: 15787: 15785:1870 elections 15782: 15777: 15772: 15767: 15762: 15757: 15755:15th Amendment 15751: 15749: 15745: 15744: 15742: 15741: 15736: 15731: 15724: 15719: 15714: 15709: 15704: 15696: 15691: 15685: 15683: 15679: 15678: 15676: 15675: 15670: 15668:1868 elections 15665: 15658: 15653: 15648: 15645: 15642: 15639: 15636: 15633: 15630: 15629: 15628: 15623: 15618: 15613: 15603: 15598: 15596:14th Amendment 15592: 15590: 15586: 15585: 15583: 15582: 15577: 15572: 15567: 15562: 15557: 15556: 15555: 15545: 15540: 15535: 15530: 15525: 15519: 15517: 15513: 15512: 15510: 15509: 15507:1866 elections 15503: 15502: 15497: 15490: 15483: 15478: 15471: 15468: 15463: 15458: 15453: 15448: 15443: 15438: 15432: 15430: 15426: 15425: 15423: 15422: 15417: 15412: 15407: 15402: 15397: 15392: 15391: 15390: 15380: 15375: 15370: 15369: 15368: 15358: 15356:13th Amendment 15352: 15350: 15346: 15345: 15343: 15342: 15337: 15335:1864 elections 15332: 15326: 15324: 15320: 15319: 15317: 15316: 15311: 15306: 15301: 15296: 15291: 15286: 15281: 15275: 15273: 15269: 15268: 15266: 15265: 15260: 15254: 15249: 15244: 15239: 15233: 15227: 15219: 15211: 15203: 15198: 15192: 15190: 15183: 15179: 15178: 15175: 15174: 15172: 15171: 15166: 15161: 15156: 15151: 15146: 15141: 15135: 15133: 15132:U.S. elections 15129: 15128: 15126: 15125: 15124: 15123: 15118: 15113: 15108: 15103: 15098: 15093: 15088: 15083: 15078: 15073: 15068: 15063: 15058: 15053: 15045: 15037: 15032: 15023: 15022: 15021: 15020: 15015: 15010: 15005: 15000: 14995: 14990: 14985: 14980: 14975: 14970: 14961: 14960: 14959: 14958: 14953: 14948: 14943: 14938: 14933: 14928: 14923: 14918: 14913: 14908: 14903: 14898: 14889: 14888: 14887: 14886: 14881: 14876: 14871: 14866: 14861: 14856: 14851: 14846: 14841: 14832: 14831: 14830: 14829: 14824: 14819: 14814: 14809: 14804: 14799: 14794: 14789: 14784: 14779: 14774: 14769: 14764: 14759: 14754: 14745: 14744: 14743: 14742: 14737: 14732: 14727: 14722: 14717: 14712: 14707: 14702: 14697: 14692: 14687: 14678: 14677: 14676: 14675: 14670: 14665: 14660: 14655: 14650: 14645: 14640: 14635: 14630: 14625: 14620: 14611: 14610: 14609: 14608: 14603: 14598: 14593: 14588: 14583: 14578: 14573: 14568: 14563: 14558: 14553: 14544: 14543: 14542: 14541: 14536: 14531: 14526: 14521: 14516: 14511: 14506: 14501: 14496: 14491: 14486: 14481: 14476: 14471: 14462: 14461: 14460: 14459: 14454: 14449: 14444: 14439: 14434: 14429: 14424: 14419: 14410: 14409: 14408: 14407: 14402: 14397: 14392: 14387: 14382: 14377: 14372: 14367: 14362: 14357: 14348: 14347: 14346: 14345: 14340: 14335: 14330: 14325: 14320: 14315: 14310: 14305: 14300: 14291: 14290: 14289: 14288: 14283: 14278: 14273: 14268: 14263: 14258: 14253: 14248: 14243: 14238: 14229: 14228: 14227: 14226: 14221: 14216: 14211: 14206: 14201: 14196: 14191: 14186: 14181: 14176: 14171: 14166: 14157: 14155: 14151: 14150: 14148: 14147: 14142: 14137: 14132: 14127: 14122: 14117: 14111: 14109: 14105: 14104: 14102: 14101: 14096: 14091: 14086: 14081: 14076: 14071: 14065: 14063: 14059: 14058: 14056: 14055: 14054: 14053: 14048: 14043: 14038: 14033: 14028: 14017: 14016: 14015: 14014: 14009: 14004: 13999: 13994: 13983: 13982: 13981: 13980: 13975: 13964: 13963: 13962: 13961: 13956: 13951: 13940: 13938: 13935: 13929: 13925: 13924: 13921: 13920: 13918: 13917: 13912: 13907: 13906: 13905: 13900: 13895: 13890: 13888:Lyman Trumbull 13885: 13880: 13878:Charles Sumner 13875: 13865: 13864: 13863: 13858: 13853: 13843: 13838: 13833: 13828: 13823: 13818: 13813: 13812: 13811: 13806: 13801: 13790: 13788: 13784: 13783: 13781: 13780: 13775: 13769: 13767: 13764: 13761: 13760: 13758: 13757: 13756: 13755: 13750: 13745: 13736: 13735: 13734: 13733: 13728: 13723: 13714: 13713: 13712: 13711: 13706: 13701: 13696: 13691: 13686: 13681: 13676: 13671: 13666: 13661: 13656: 13651: 13646: 13641: 13636: 13627: 13626: 13625: 13624: 13619: 13614: 13612:Andrew Johnson 13609: 13600: 13598: 13595: 13589: 13585: 13584: 13577: 13576: 13569: 13562: 13554: 13545: 13544: 13542: 13541: 13535: 13529: 13522: 13520: 13514: 13513: 13511: 13510: 13503: 13501: 13495: 13494: 13492: 13491: 13485: 13478: 13476: 13470: 13469: 13467: 13466: 13460: 13457:Henry Stanbery 13454: 13447: 13445: 13439: 13438: 13436: 13435: 13432:John Schofield 13429: 13422: 13420: 13414: 13413: 13411: 13410: 13407:Hugh McCulloch 13403: 13401: 13395: 13394: 13387: 13385: 13383: 13382: 13375: 13373: 13367: 13366: 13362:Andrew Johnson 13351: 13350: 13343: 13336: 13328: 13319: 13318: 13316: 13315: 13310: 13305: 13300: 13295: 13290: 13284: 13282: 13281:Related groups 13278: 13277: 13275: 13274: 13269: 13264: 13259: 13254: 13252:Charles Sumner 13249: 13244: 13238: 13236: 13232: 13231: 13229: 13228: 13223: 13218: 13213: 13211:1848 Free Soil 13207: 13205: 13201: 13200: 13197: 13196: 13194: 13193: 13186:Andrew Johnson 13178: 13176: 13170: 13169: 13167: 13166: 13152: 13137: 13135: 13129: 13128: 13126: 13125: 13111: 13096: 13094: 13088: 13087: 13085: 13084: 13070: 13055: 13053: 13044: 13040: 13039: 13034: 13033: 13026: 13019: 13011: 13002: 13001: 12999: 12998: 12993: 12988: 12983: 12978: 12973: 12967: 12965: 12961: 12960: 12957: 12956: 12954: 12953: 12948: 12943: 12941:Liberty Caucus 12938: 12936:ConservAmerica 12933: 12928: 12923: 12918: 12912: 12910: 12904: 12903: 12901: 12900: 12895: 12890: 12885: 12880: 12875: 12870: 12865: 12860: 12855: 12854: 12853: 12842: 12840: 12834: 12833: 12831: 12830: 12825: 12820: 12815: 12810: 12804: 12802: 12796: 12795: 12793: 12792: 12791: 12790: 12785: 12780: 12775: 12773:Freedom Caucus 12765: 12764: 12763: 12753: 12752: 12751: 12746: 12733: 12731: 12724: 12716: 12715: 12712: 12711: 12709: 12708: 12706:Virgin Islands 12703: 12698: 12693: 12688: 12683: 12681:American Samoa 12677: 12675: 12671: 12670: 12668: 12667: 12662: 12657: 12652: 12647: 12642: 12637: 12632: 12627: 12622: 12617: 12615:South Carolina 12612: 12607: 12602: 12597: 12592: 12587: 12582: 12580:North Carolina 12577: 12572: 12567: 12562: 12557: 12552: 12547: 12542: 12537: 12532: 12527: 12522: 12517: 12512: 12507: 12502: 12497: 12492: 12487: 12482: 12477: 12472: 12467: 12462: 12457: 12452: 12447: 12442: 12437: 12432: 12427: 12422: 12416: 12414: 12407: 12396: 12395: 12392: 12391: 12389: 12388: 12383: 12378: 12373: 12368: 12363: 12358: 12353: 12348: 12342: 12340: 12336: 12335: 12333: 12332: 12327: 12322: 12317: 12312: 12307: 12298: 12293: 12288: 12283: 12278: 12273: 12268: 12263: 12258: 12253: 12248: 12239: 12234: 12229: 12224: 12219: 12214: 12209: 12204: 12199: 12194: 12189: 12184: 12179: 12174: 12169: 12164: 12159: 12154: 12149: 12144: 12139: 12134: 12129: 12124: 12119: 12114: 12109: 12104: 12099: 12094: 12089: 12084: 12079: 12074: 12069: 12064: 12059: 12054: 12049: 12044: 12039: 12034: 12029: 12024: 12019: 12014: 12009: 12004: 11999: 11994: 11989: 11984: 11979: 11973: 11971: 11964: 11958: 11957: 11955: 11954: 11948: 11942: 11936: 11930: 11924: 11918: 11912: 11906: 11900: 11894: 11888: 11882: 11876: 11870: 11864: 11858: 11852: 11846: 11840: 11834: 11828: 11822: 11816: 11810: 11804: 11798: 11792: 11786: 11780: 11773: 11771: 11749: 11748: 11746: 11745: 11739: 11733: 11727: 11721: 11715: 11709: 11703: 11697: 11691: 11685: 11679: 11673: 11667: 11661: 11655: 11649: 11643: 11637: 11631: 11625: 11619: 11613: 11607: 11601: 11595: 11589: 11583: 11577: 11570: 11568: 11552: 11551: 11549: 11548: 11542: 11536: 11530: 11524: 11518: 11512: 11506: 11500: 11494: 11488: 11482: 11476: 11470: 11464: 11458: 11452: 11446: 11440: 11434: 11427: 11425: 11415: 11414: 11412: 11411: 11408:2028 (Houston) 11404: 11403: 11402: 11384: 11383: 11382: 11364: 11363: 11362: 11344: 11343: 11342: 11324: 11323: 11322: 11304: 11303: 11302: 11284: 11283: 11282: 11264: 11263: 11262: 11244: 11243: 11242: 11227:1992 (Houston) 11224: 11223: 11222: 11204: 11203: 11202: 11184: 11183: 11182: 11167:1980 (Detroit) 11164: 11163: 11162: 11144: 11143: 11142: 11124: 11123: 11122: 11104: 11103: 11102: 11084: 11083: 11082: 11067:1960 (Chicago) 11064: 11063: 11062: 11044: 11043: 11042: 11027:1952 (Chicago) 11024: 11023: 11022: 11004: 11003: 11002: 10987:1944 (Chicago) 10984: 10983: 10982: 10964: 10963: 10962: 10944: 10943: 10942: 10927:1932 (Chicago) 10924: 10923: 10922: 10904: 10903: 10902: 10884: 10883: 10882: 10867:1920 (Chicago) 10864: 10863: 10862: 10847:1916 (Chicago) 10844: 10843: 10842: 10823:1912 (Chicago) 10820: 10810:1908 (Chicago) 10807: 10797:1904 (Chicago) 10794: 10781: 10768: 10755: 10745:1888 (Chicago) 10742: 10732:1884 (Chicago) 10729: 10719:1880 (Chicago) 10716: 10703: 10690: 10680:1868 (Chicago) 10677: 10664: 10654:1860 (Chicago) 10651: 10637: 10635: 10611: 10610: 10608: 10607: 10606: 10605: 10600: 10595: 10590: 10585: 10574: 10571: 10570: 10561: 10560: 10553: 10546: 10538: 10529: 10528: 10526: 10525: 10520: 10515: 10510: 10505: 10500: 10495: 10490: 10485: 10480: 10475: 10470: 10465: 10460: 10455: 10450: 10445: 10440: 10435: 10430: 10425: 10420: 10415: 10410: 10405: 10400: 10395: 10390: 10385: 10380: 10375: 10370: 10365: 10360: 10355: 10350: 10345: 10340: 10334: 10332: 10328: 10327: 10320: 10318: 10316: 10315: 10310: 10305: 10300: 10295: 10290: 10285: 10280: 10275: 10270: 10265: 10260: 10255: 10250: 10245: 10240: 10235: 10230: 10225: 10220: 10215: 10210: 10205: 10200: 10195: 10190: 10185: 10180: 10175: 10170: 10165: 10159: 10157: 10153: 10152: 10145: 10144: 10137: 10130: 10122: 10113: 10112: 10110: 10109: 10099: 10088: 10085: 10084: 10077: 10075: 10073: 10072: 10067: 10062: 10057: 10052: 10047: 10042: 10037: 10032: 10027: 10022: 10017: 10012: 10007: 10002: 9997: 9992: 9987: 9982: 9977: 9972: 9967: 9962: 9957: 9952: 9947: 9942: 9937: 9932: 9927: 9922: 9917: 9912: 9907: 9902: 9897: 9892: 9887: 9882: 9877: 9872: 9867: 9862: 9857: 9852: 9847: 9842: 9837: 9832: 9827: 9822: 9817: 9812: 9807: 9802: 9797: 9792: 9787: 9781: 9778: 9777: 9765: 9764: 9757: 9750: 9742: 9733: 9732: 9730: 9729: 9719: 9709: 9698: 9695: 9694: 9691: 9690: 9689:(2021–present) 9684: 9678: 9672: 9666: 9656: 9650: 9644: 9641:Walter Mondale 9638: 9632: 9626: 9620: 9614: 9608: 9602: 9596: 9590: 9584: 9581:John N. Garner 9578: 9575:Charles Curtis 9572: 9566: 9560: 9554: 9548: 9542: 9536: 9530: 9524: 9521:Levi P. Morton 9518: 9512: 9506: 9500: 9494: 9488: 9485:Andrew Johnson 9482: 9476: 9470: 9464: 9458: 9452: 9446: 9440: 9434: 9428: 9422: 9419:Elbridge Gerry 9416: 9413:George Clinton 9410: 9404: 9398: 9391: 9390: 9387: 9386: 9379: 9378: 9371: 9364: 9356: 9347: 9346: 9344: 9343: 9333: 9322: 9319: 9318: 9316: 9315: 9310: 9305: 9300: 9295: 9290: 9285: 9280: 9275: 9270: 9265: 9260: 9255: 9250: 9245: 9240: 9235: 9230: 9225: 9220: 9215: 9210: 9205: 9199: 9197: 9191: 9190: 9186: 9185: 9175: 9165: 9155: 9148:George W. Bush 9145: 9135: 9125: 9115: 9105: 9095: 9085: 9075: 9065: 9055: 9045: 9035: 9028:Herbert Hoover 9025: 9015: 9005: 8998:Woodrow Wilson 8995: 8985: 8975: 8965: 8955: 8945: 8935: 8925: 8915: 8905: 8895: 8888:Andrew Johnson 8885: 8875: 8868:James Buchanan 8865: 8855: 8845: 8838:Zachary Taylor 8835: 8825: 8815: 8805: 8795: 8788:Andrew Jackson 8785: 8775: 8765: 8755: 8745: 8735: 8724: 8723: 8722: 8720: 8717:Presidents and 8714: 8713: 8706: 8705: 8698: 8691: 8683: 8674: 8673: 8671: 8666: 8661: 8656: 8651: 8649: 8645: 8644: 8642: 8641: 8640: 8639: 8634: 8632:Lorenzo Thomas 8629: 8624: 8619: 8614: 8609: 8604: 8595: 8594: 8593: 8592: 8587: 8582: 8577: 8572: 8567: 8562: 8557: 8548: 8547: 8546: 8545: 8543:Henry Stanbery 8540: 8535: 8530: 8525: 8516: 8515: 8514: 8513: 8508: 8503: 8498: 8493: 8488: 8483: 8470: 8468: 8462: 8461: 8459: 8458: 8453: 8448: 8443: 8438: 8437: 8436: 8431: 8429:Lorenzo Thomas 8426: 8415: 8409: 8407: 8401: 8400: 8388: 8386: 8384: 8383: 8381:Second inquiry 8378: 8372: 8370: 8366: 8365: 8363: 8362: 8350: 8347: 8346: 8343:Andrew Johnson 8331: 8330: 8323: 8316: 8308: 8302: 8299: 8298: 8286: 8285: 8281: 8280: 8276:National Union 8270: 8269: 8261: 8260: 8255: 8252: 8236: 8231: 8227: 8226: 8221: 8218: 8198: 8195:James C. Jones 8193: 8189: 8188: 8182: 8181: 8176: 8173: 8164: 8159: 8155: 8154: 8149: 8146: 8137: 8132: 8128: 8127: 8120:Edward H. East 8118: 8115: 8106: 8101: 8097: 8096: 8091: 8088: 8079: 8074: 8070: 8069: 8065: 8064: 8059: 8056: 8041: 8036: 8032: 8031: 8026: 8023: 8010: 8005: 8001: 8000: 7996: 7995: 7990: 7987: 7975:Member of the 7972: 7967: 7963: 7962: 7954: 7951: 7950: 7938: 7937: 7935: 7934: 7921: 7920: 7915: 7909: 7908: 7901: 7893: 7890: 7889: 7887: 7886: 7879: 7874: 7869: 7864: 7859: 7853: 7851: 7847: 7846: 7844: 7843: 7838: 7833: 7828: 7823: 7818: 7813: 7808: 7802: 7800: 7796: 7795: 7793: 7792: 7786: 7783:Robert Johnson 7780: 7774: 7768: 7762: 7756: 7750: 7743: 7741: 7737: 7736: 7734: 7733: 7725: 7717: 7709: 7701: 7696: 7691: 7685: 7683: 7679: 7678: 7676: 7675: 7670: 7665: 7660: 7655: 7649: 7644: 7643: 7642: 7637: 7632: 7627: 7617: 7612: 7607: 7602: 7597: 7592: 7587: 7582: 7577: 7572: 7571: 7570: 7565: 7560: 7550: 7545: 7540: 7535: 7533:Foreign policy 7530: 7524: 7522: 7516: 7515: 7513: 7512: 7510:Kirkwood House 7507: 7502: 7497: 7492: 7487: 7482: 7480:Homestead Acts 7476: 7474: 7473:Pre-presidency 7470: 7469: 7467: 7466: 7455: 7447: 7436: 7424: 7421: 7420: 7417:Andrew Johnson 7413: 7412: 7405: 7398: 7390: 7384: 7383: 7368: 7359: 7354: 7348: 7339: 7333: 7332:, July 9, 1999 7317: 7308: 7299: 7294: 7279: 7275: 7274:External links 7272: 7271: 7270: 7267: 7263: 7260: 7257: 7242: 7235: 7228: 7209: 7202: 7195: 7179: 7176: 7174: 7173: 7157: 7154: 7153: 7152: 7146: 7130: 7124: 7106: 7093: 7083: 7077: 7061: 7055: 7040: 7034: 7019: 7013: 7000: 6981: 6975: 6957: 6942: 6936: 6928:Andrew Johnson 6920: 6904: 6898: 6882: 6876: 6863: 6857: 6841: 6835: 6817: 6803: 6777:(4): 807–827. 6762: 6760: 6757: 6755: 6754: 6752:, p. 144. 6742: 6740:, p. 352. 6730: 6718: 6706: 6694: 6679: 6677:, p. 221. 6667: 6665:, p. 808. 6655: 6643: 6641:, p. 220. 6631: 6612: 6600: 6598:, p. 589. 6588: 6586:, p. 807. 6573: 6571:, p. 218. 6558: 6556:, p. vii. 6546: 6544:, p. 377. 6534: 6532:, p. 143. 6522: 6510: 6485: 6464: 6452: 6450:, p. 216. 6437: 6425: 6407: 6386: 6374: 6372:, p. 215. 6362: 6350: 6348:, p. 142. 6335: 6323: 6311: 6299: 6284: 6272: 6260: 6244: 6237: 6214: 6207: 6187: 6169: 6167:, p. 363. 6157: 6145: 6143:, p. 349. 6130: 6118: 6111: 6085: 6073: 6057:1800–present: 6010: 6008:, p. 120. 5998: 5991: 5971: 5956: 5933: 5918: 5898: 5854: 5842: 5830: 5828:, p. 336. 5818: 5816:, p. 195. 5806: 5784:Senate Journal 5773: 5761: 5749: 5747:, p. 330. 5737: 5735:, p. 307. 5725: 5723:, p. 139. 5713: 5701: 5689: 5677: 5675:, p. 319. 5665: 5653: 5641: 5629: 5627:, p. 146. 5617: 5605: 5593: 5581: 5569: 5557: 5545: 5530: 5518: 5516:, p. 271. 5506: 5494: 5482: 5470: 5458: 5456:, p. 252. 5446: 5434: 5422: 5410: 5398: 5386: 5384:, p. 249. 5374: 5362: 5350: 5335: 5333:, p. 240. 5323: 5311: 5299: 5287: 5275: 5263: 5251: 5239: 5227: 5215: 5203: 5191: 5179: 5167: 5155: 5143: 5131: 5129:, p. 194. 5119: 5107: 5105:, p. 192. 5095: 5083: 5081:, p. 191. 5071: 5059: 5047: 5035: 5020: 5008: 4996: 4981: 4979:, p. 178. 4969: 4954: 4952:, p. 177. 4939: 4927: 4915: 4903: 4901:, p. 162. 4891: 4879: 4862: 4850: 4848:, p. 151. 4838: 4836:, p. 153. 4826: 4814: 4802: 4800:, p. 143. 4790: 4778: 4766: 4754: 4752:, p. 134. 4742: 4730: 4728:, p. 131. 4718: 4706: 4694: 4685: 4683:, p. 226. 4673: 4661: 4659:, p. 119. 4649: 4647:, p. 114. 4637: 4625: 4613: 4601: 4589: 4587:, p. 111. 4577: 4565: 4553: 4551:, p. 106. 4541: 4529: 4517: 4505: 4493: 4481: 4465: 4453: 4441: 4439:, p. 119. 4429: 4417: 4405: 4390: 4375: 4360: 4348: 4336: 4324: 4309: 4283: 4271: 4259: 4247: 4236: 4216: 4204: 4192: 4180: 4165: 4153: 4141: 4129: 4117: 4105: 4093: 4081: 4060: 4048: 4036: 4024: 4012: 4000: 3988: 3976: 3969: 3949: 3925: 3912:Andrew Johnson 3894: 3882: 3870: 3858: 3846: 3834: 3822: 3810: 3798: 3786: 3771: 3759: 3747: 3735: 3723: 3711: 3690: 3688:, p. 225. 3673: 3661: 3654: 3634: 3632:, p. 231. 3622: 3607: 3592: 3575: 3557: 3555: 3552: 3550: 3547: 3544: 3543: 3526: 3517: 3513:gerrymandering 3504: 3491: 3469: 3468: 3466: 3463: 3462: 3461: 3453: 3445: 3439: 3434: 3429: 3422: 3419: 3404:James Buchanan 3395:historians as 3348:James Schouler 3332:Dunning School 3305:Woodrow Wilson 3281:Hilary Herbert 3266: 3263: 3231: 3228: 3176: 3173: 3158:Horace Maynard 3115: 3112: 3100:Fort Jefferson 3051: 3048: 3038: 3035: 3019:Henry Stanbery 3003:Main article: 3000: 2997: 2994: 2993: 2990: 2984: 2982: 2981: 2978: 2972: 2970: 2969: 2966: 2961: 2955: 2954: 2951: 2950: 2947: 2942: 2936: 2935: 2932: 2931: 2928: 2922: 2920: 2919: 2916: 2911: 2905: 2904: 2901: 2900: 2897: 2891: 2889: 2888: 2885: 2883:Henry Stanbery 2879: 2877: 2876: 2873: 2868: 2862: 2861: 2858: 2857: 2854: 2852:John Schofield 2848: 2846: 2845: 2842: 2837: 2831: 2830: 2827: 2826: 2823: 2821:Hugh McCulloch 2818: 2812: 2811: 2808: 2807: 2804: 2799: 2793: 2792: 2789: 2788: 2785: 2782: 2780:Vice President 2776: 2775: 2772: 2771: 2768: 2767:Andrew Johnson 2765: 2759: 2758: 2755: 2754: 2751: 2748: 2744: 2743: 2727: 2726: 2717: 2716: 2715: 2714: 2713: 2711: 2708: 2670:sale of Alaska 2656:Seward was an 2637: 2636:Foreign policy 2634: 2622:political boss 2562:Edmund G. Ross 2558:John Schofield 2479:Lorenzo Thomas 2459:Daniel Sickles 2447:Henry Stanbery 2398: 2395: 2360: 2357: 2310:Charles Sumner 2282:Lyman Trumbull 2258: 2255: 2243:annual message 2227:black suffrage 2214: 2211: 2167: 2164: 2159:Main article: 2156: 2155:Reconstruction 2153: 2112:Kirkwood House 2096:Ford's Theatre 2076:Main article: 2073: 2070: 2065:Main article: 2062: 2059: 1981:William Seward 1967:Daniel Sickles 1929:Main article: 1926: 1923: 1883:Homestead Bill 1863: 1860: 1849:Cumberland Gap 1761: 1758: 1754:Utah Territory 1731:Homestead Bill 1727:James C. Jones 1691: 1688: 1686: 1683: 1671:James Buchanan 1612: 1609: 1601:Gustavus Henry 1530:Zachary Taylor 1511:Wilmot Proviso 1473: 1470: 1445:Andrew Jackson 1394:disenfranchise 1381: 1378: 1376: 1375:Political rise 1373: 1317:Main article: 1314: 1311: 1275:Thomas Lincoln 1267:Eliza McCardle 1235:, he moved to 1228: 1225: 1208:Asheville News 1140: 1137: 1135: 1132: 1080:Homestead Bill 1025:vice president 1013:Andrew Johnson 1008: 1007: 1005: 1004: 997: 990: 982: 979: 978: 971: 970: 965: 963:Robert Johnson 960: 955: 950: 945: 937: 935: 934: 929: 928: 927: 917: 909: 907: 906: 905: 904: 896: 895: 894: 889: 878: 876: 875: 874: 873: 868: 863: 858: 853: 848: 846:Second inquiry 843: 833: 828: 823: 822: 821: 811: 806: 801: 796: 794:Foreign policy 791: 786: 778: 776: 775: 770: 765: 757: 755: 754: 743: 741: 740: 735: 730: 725: 717: 716: 713: 712: 707:Andrew Johnson 700:a series about 696: 694: 678: 677: 674: 673: 668: 664: 663: 660: 656: 655: 652: 648: 647: 642: 641:Branch/service 638: 637: 633: 632: 625: 621: 620: 618: 617: 614: 610: 608: 604: 603: 601: 600: 599:Mary McDonough 597: 591: 589: 585: 584: 582: 581: 576: 571: 566: 561: 555: 553: 549: 548: 533: 529:Eliza McCardle 527: 526: 524: 520: 519: 516:National Union 501: 495: 494: 488: 484: 483: 477: 473: 472: 467: 463: 462: 456:(aged 66) 450: 446: 445: 430: 426: 425: 421: 420: 417: 416: 411: 405: 404: 399: 393: 392: 382: 381: 367:Member of the 364: 363: 358: 352: 351: 346: 340: 339: 329: 328: 321: 320: 313: 307: 306: 299: 293: 292: 289: 283: 282: 272: 271: 265: 264: 259: 253: 252: 250:James C. Jones 247: 241: 240: 230: 229: 224: 218: 217: 212: 206: 205: 195: 194: 183: 182: 177: 171: 170: 165: 159: 158: 155: 151: 150: 140: 139: 132: 131: 126: 120: 119: 114: 108: 107: 102: 99:Vice President 94: 93: 83: 82: 75: 74: 71: 70: 61: 53: 52: 50:Andrew Johnson 49: 39:Andrew Jackson 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 17693: 17682: 17679: 17677: 17674: 17672: 17669: 17667: 17664: 17662: 17659: 17657: 17654: 17652: 17649: 17647: 17644: 17642: 17639: 17637: 17634: 17632: 17629: 17627: 17624: 17622: 17619: 17617: 17614: 17612: 17609: 17607: 17604: 17602: 17599: 17597: 17594: 17592: 17589: 17587: 17584: 17582: 17579: 17577: 17574: 17572: 17569: 17567: 17564: 17562: 17559: 17557: 17554: 17552: 17549: 17547: 17544: 17542: 17539: 17537: 17534: 17532: 17529: 17527: 17524: 17522: 17519: 17517: 17514: 17512: 17509: 17507: 17504: 17502: 17499: 17497: 17494: 17492: 17489: 17487: 17484: 17482: 17479: 17477: 17474: 17472: 17469: 17468: 17466: 17456: 17455:United States 17446: 17444: 17439: 17434: 17432: 17422: 17420: 17410: 17408: 17403: 17398: 17396: 17386: 17384: 17374: 17373: 17370: 17351: 17348: 17346: 17342: 17339: 17338: 17335: 17325: 17322: 17320: 17317: 17315: 17312: 17309: 17308: 17305: 17302: 17299: 17298: 17296: 17292: 17286: 17285: 17280: 17278: 17277: 17272: 17271: 17269: 17265: 17262: 17259: 17254: 17253: 17248: 17238: 17235: 17232: 17229: 17227: 17224: 17222: 17219: 17216: 17215: 17212: 17209: 17206: 17205: 17203: 17199: 17193: 17192: 17187: 17184: 17183: 17178: 17177: 17175: 17171: 17168: 17165: 17160: 17159: 17154: 17149: 17145: 17141: 17133: 17128: 17126: 17121: 17119: 17114: 17113: 17110: 17098: 17095: 17093: 17089: 17086: 17085: 17082: 17072: 17069: 17067: 17064: 17062: 17061:James Guthrie 17059: 17057: 17054: 17053: 17051: 17047: 17041: 17040: 17035: 17033: 17032: 17027: 17026: 17024: 17020: 17017: 17014: 17009: 17008: 17003: 16993: 16990: 16988: 16985: 16983: 16980: 16978: 16975: 16974: 16972: 16968: 16962: 16961: 16956: 16954: 16953: 16948: 16947: 16945: 16941: 16938: 16935: 16930: 16929: 16924: 16914: 16911: 16910: 16908: 16904: 16898: 16897: 16892: 16889: 16888: 16883: 16882: 16880: 16876: 16873: 16870: 16865: 16864: 16859: 16849: 16848:Benjamin Wade 16846: 16844: 16841: 16839: 16836: 16834: 16831: 16829: 16826: 16824: 16823:Simon Cameron 16821: 16819: 16816: 16815: 16813: 16809: 16803: 16802: 16797: 16795: 16794: 16789: 16788: 16786: 16782: 16779: 16776: 16771: 16770: 16765: 16760: 16756: 16752: 16744: 16739: 16737: 16732: 16730: 16725: 16724: 16721: 16709: 16706: 16705: 16702: 16692: 16689: 16687: 16684: 16682: 16679: 16677: 16674: 16672: 16669: 16667: 16664: 16662: 16659: 16657: 16654: 16652: 16651:Habeas corpus 16649: 16647: 16644: 16642: 16639: 16638: 16636: 16632: 16626: 16623: 16621: 16618: 16616: 16613: 16611: 16608: 16606: 16603: 16601: 16598: 16597: 16595: 16591: 16584: 16583: 16579: 16577: 16574: 16571: 16570: 16566: 16564: 16561: 16558: 16557: 16553: 16551: 16548: 16545: 16544: 16540: 16537: 16536: 16532: 16530: 16527: 16524: 16523: 16519: 16517: 16516:Winslow Homer 16514: 16513: 16511: 16507: 16500: 16499: 16495: 16492: 16491: 16487: 16485: 16482: 16480: 16477: 16474: 16473: 16469: 16467: 16464: 16461: 16460: 16456: 16454: 16451: 16448: 16447: 16446:After Slavery 16443: 16440: 16439: 16435: 16433: 16430: 16427: 16426: 16422: 16420: 16417: 16415: 16412: 16410: 16407: 16404: 16403: 16399: 16397: 16394: 16392: 16389: 16387: 16384: 16380: 16377: 16376: 16375: 16372: 16370: 16367: 16365: 16362: 16360: 16357: 16354: 16353: 16349: 16347: 16344: 16341: 16340: 16336: 16334: 16331: 16328: 16327: 16323: 16321: 16318: 16316: 16313: 16312: 16310: 16306: 16303: 16299: 16289: 16286: 16283: 16282: 16278: 16276: 16273: 16270: 16269: 16265: 16262: 16261: 16257: 16254: 16253: 16249: 16246: 16245: 16241: 16238: 16235: 16234: 16232: 16228: 16222: 16219: 16217: 16214: 16212: 16211:Nez Perce War 16209: 16207: 16204: 16202: 16199: 16198: 16196: 16192: 16186: 16183: 16181: 16178: 16176: 16173: 16171: 16168: 16166: 16163: 16161: 16158: 16156: 16155: 16151: 16149: 16146: 16144: 16141: 16139: 16136: 16134: 16131: 16129: 16126: 16125: 16123: 16119: 16113: 16110: 16108: 16105: 16103: 16102:Delano affair 16100: 16098: 16095: 16093: 16090: 16088: 16085: 16083: 16080: 16078: 16075: 16073: 16070: 16068: 16065: 16063: 16060: 16058: 16057: 16053: 16052: 16050: 16046: 16040: 16037: 16035: 16032: 16030: 16027: 16025: 16022: 16020: 16017: 16015: 16012: 16010: 16007: 16005: 16002: 16000: 15997: 15995: 15994:Red River War 15992: 15990: 15987: 15985: 15982: 15980: 15977: 15976: 15974: 15970: 15964: 15961: 15959: 15958:Comstock laws 15956: 15954: 15951: 15949: 15946: 15944: 15942: 15938: 15936: 15935: 15931: 15929: 15926: 15924: 15921: 15919: 15918:Panic of 1873 15916: 15915: 15913: 15909: 15903: 15900: 15898: 15895: 15893: 15890: 15888: 15885: 15883: 15880: 15878: 15875: 15873: 15870: 15868: 15865: 15864: 15862: 15858: 15852: 15849: 15847: 15844: 15842: 15839: 15837: 15834: 15832: 15829: 15827: 15824: 15822: 15819: 15817: 15814: 15812: 15809: 15807: 15804: 15803: 15801: 15797: 15791: 15788: 15786: 15783: 15781: 15778: 15776: 15773: 15771: 15768: 15766: 15763: 15761: 15758: 15756: 15753: 15752: 15750: 15746: 15740: 15737: 15735: 15732: 15730: 15729: 15725: 15723: 15720: 15718: 15715: 15713: 15710: 15708: 15705: 15703: 15701: 15697: 15695: 15692: 15690: 15687: 15686: 15684: 15680: 15674: 15671: 15669: 15666: 15664: 15663: 15659: 15657: 15654: 15652: 15649: 15646: 15643: 15640: 15637: 15634: 15631: 15627: 15624: 15622: 15619: 15617: 15614: 15612: 15609: 15608: 15607: 15604: 15602: 15599: 15597: 15594: 15593: 15591: 15587: 15581: 15578: 15576: 15573: 15571: 15568: 15566: 15563: 15561: 15558: 15554: 15551: 15550: 15549: 15546: 15544: 15541: 15539: 15536: 15534: 15531: 15529: 15526: 15524: 15521: 15520: 15518: 15514: 15508: 15505: 15504: 15501: 15498: 15496: 15495: 15491: 15489: 15488: 15484: 15482: 15479: 15477: 15476: 15472: 15469: 15467: 15464: 15462: 15459: 15457: 15454: 15452: 15449: 15447: 15444: 15442: 15439: 15437: 15434: 15433: 15431: 15427: 15421: 15418: 15416: 15413: 15411: 15410:New Departure 15408: 15406: 15403: 15401: 15398: 15396: 15393: 15389: 15386: 15385: 15384: 15381: 15379: 15376: 15374: 15371: 15367: 15364: 15363: 15362: 15359: 15357: 15354: 15353: 15351: 15347: 15341: 15338: 15336: 15333: 15331: 15328: 15327: 15325: 15321: 15315: 15312: 15310: 15307: 15305: 15302: 15300: 15297: 15295: 15292: 15290: 15287: 15285: 15282: 15280: 15277: 15276: 15274: 15270: 15264: 15261: 15258: 15255: 15253: 15250: 15248: 15245: 15243: 15240: 15237: 15234: 15231: 15228: 15225: 15224: 15220: 15217: 15216: 15212: 15209: 15208: 15204: 15202: 15199: 15197: 15194: 15193: 15191: 15187: 15184: 15180: 15170: 15167: 15165: 15162: 15160: 15157: 15155: 15152: 15150: 15147: 15145: 15142: 15140: 15137: 15136: 15134: 15130: 15122: 15119: 15117: 15114: 15112: 15109: 15107: 15104: 15102: 15099: 15097: 15094: 15092: 15089: 15087: 15084: 15082: 15079: 15077: 15074: 15072: 15069: 15067: 15064: 15062: 15059: 15057: 15054: 15052: 15051: 15046: 15044: 15043: 15038: 15036: 15033: 15031: 15028: 15027: 15025: 15024: 15019: 15016: 15014: 15011: 15009: 15006: 15004: 15001: 14999: 14996: 14994: 14991: 14989: 14986: 14984: 14981: 14979: 14976: 14974: 14971: 14969: 14966: 14965: 14963: 14962: 14957: 14954: 14952: 14949: 14947: 14944: 14942: 14939: 14937: 14934: 14932: 14929: 14927: 14924: 14922: 14919: 14917: 14914: 14912: 14909: 14907: 14904: 14902: 14899: 14897: 14894: 14893: 14891: 14890: 14885: 14882: 14880: 14877: 14875: 14872: 14870: 14867: 14865: 14862: 14860: 14857: 14855: 14852: 14850: 14847: 14845: 14842: 14840: 14837: 14836: 14834: 14833: 14828: 14825: 14823: 14820: 14818: 14815: 14813: 14810: 14808: 14805: 14803: 14800: 14798: 14795: 14793: 14790: 14788: 14785: 14783: 14780: 14778: 14775: 14773: 14770: 14768: 14765: 14763: 14760: 14758: 14755: 14753: 14750: 14749: 14747: 14746: 14741: 14738: 14736: 14733: 14731: 14728: 14726: 14723: 14721: 14718: 14716: 14713: 14711: 14708: 14706: 14703: 14701: 14698: 14696: 14693: 14691: 14688: 14686: 14683: 14682: 14680: 14679: 14674: 14671: 14669: 14666: 14664: 14661: 14659: 14656: 14654: 14651: 14649: 14646: 14644: 14641: 14639: 14636: 14634: 14631: 14629: 14626: 14624: 14621: 14619: 14616: 14615: 14613: 14612: 14607: 14604: 14602: 14599: 14597: 14594: 14592: 14589: 14587: 14584: 14582: 14579: 14577: 14574: 14572: 14569: 14567: 14564: 14562: 14559: 14557: 14554: 14552: 14549: 14548: 14546: 14545: 14540: 14537: 14535: 14532: 14530: 14527: 14525: 14522: 14520: 14517: 14515: 14512: 14510: 14507: 14505: 14502: 14500: 14497: 14495: 14492: 14490: 14487: 14485: 14482: 14480: 14477: 14475: 14472: 14470: 14467: 14466: 14464: 14463: 14458: 14455: 14453: 14450: 14448: 14445: 14443: 14440: 14438: 14435: 14433: 14430: 14428: 14425: 14423: 14420: 14418: 14415: 14414: 14412: 14411: 14406: 14403: 14401: 14398: 14396: 14393: 14391: 14388: 14386: 14383: 14381: 14378: 14376: 14373: 14371: 14368: 14366: 14363: 14361: 14358: 14356: 14353: 14352: 14350: 14349: 14344: 14341: 14339: 14336: 14334: 14331: 14329: 14326: 14324: 14321: 14319: 14316: 14314: 14311: 14309: 14306: 14304: 14301: 14299: 14296: 14295: 14293: 14292: 14287: 14284: 14282: 14279: 14277: 14274: 14272: 14269: 14267: 14264: 14262: 14259: 14257: 14254: 14252: 14249: 14247: 14244: 14242: 14239: 14237: 14234: 14233: 14231: 14230: 14225: 14222: 14220: 14217: 14215: 14212: 14210: 14207: 14205: 14202: 14200: 14197: 14195: 14192: 14190: 14187: 14185: 14182: 14180: 14177: 14175: 14172: 14170: 14167: 14165: 14162: 14161: 14159: 14158: 14156: 14154:Gubernatorial 14152: 14146: 14143: 14141: 14138: 14136: 14133: 14131: 14128: 14126: 14123: 14121: 14118: 14116: 14113: 14112: 14110: 14106: 14100: 14097: 14095: 14092: 14090: 14087: 14085: 14082: 14080: 14077: 14075: 14072: 14070: 14067: 14066: 14064: 14060: 14052: 14049: 14047: 14044: 14042: 14039: 14037: 14034: 14032: 14029: 14027: 14024: 14023: 14022: 14019: 14018: 14013: 14010: 14008: 14005: 14003: 14000: 13998: 13995: 13993: 13990: 13989: 13988: 13985: 13984: 13979: 13976: 13974: 13971: 13970: 13969: 13966: 13965: 13960: 13957: 13955: 13952: 13950: 13947: 13946: 13945: 13942: 13941: 13939: 13933: 13930: 13926: 13916: 13913: 13911: 13908: 13904: 13901: 13899: 13896: 13894: 13893:Benjamin Wade 13891: 13889: 13886: 13884: 13881: 13879: 13876: 13874: 13871: 13870: 13869: 13866: 13862: 13859: 13857: 13854: 13852: 13849: 13848: 13847: 13844: 13842: 13839: 13837: 13834: 13832: 13829: 13827: 13824: 13822: 13819: 13817: 13816:Carpetbaggers 13814: 13810: 13807: 13805: 13802: 13800: 13797: 13796: 13795: 13792: 13791: 13789: 13785: 13779: 13776: 13774: 13771: 13770: 13768: 13762: 13754: 13751: 13749: 13746: 13744: 13743:Edwin Stanton 13741: 13740: 13738: 13737: 13732: 13729: 13727: 13724: 13722: 13719: 13718: 13716: 13715: 13710: 13707: 13705: 13702: 13700: 13697: 13695: 13692: 13690: 13687: 13685: 13682: 13680: 13677: 13675: 13672: 13670: 13667: 13665: 13662: 13660: 13657: 13655: 13652: 13650: 13647: 13645: 13642: 13640: 13637: 13635: 13632: 13631: 13629: 13628: 13623: 13620: 13618: 13615: 13613: 13610: 13608: 13605: 13604: 13602: 13601: 13599: 13593: 13590: 13586: 13582: 13575: 13570: 13568: 13563: 13561: 13556: 13555: 13552: 13539: 13536: 13533: 13530: 13527: 13524: 13523: 13521: 13519: 13515: 13508: 13507:Gideon Welles 13505: 13504: 13502: 13500: 13496: 13489: 13486: 13483: 13480: 13479: 13477: 13475: 13471: 13464: 13461: 13458: 13455: 13452: 13449: 13448: 13446: 13444: 13440: 13433: 13430: 13427: 13426:Edwin Stanton 13424: 13423: 13421: 13419: 13415: 13408: 13405: 13404: 13402: 13400: 13396: 13380: 13377: 13376: 13374: 13372: 13368: 13363: 13360: 13356: 13349: 13344: 13342: 13337: 13335: 13330: 13329: 13326: 13314: 13311: 13309: 13306: 13304: 13301: 13299: 13296: 13294: 13291: 13289: 13286: 13285: 13283: 13279: 13273: 13270: 13268: 13265: 13263: 13262:Simon Cameron 13260: 13258: 13255: 13253: 13250: 13248: 13245: 13243: 13240: 13239: 13237: 13233: 13227: 13224: 13222: 13219: 13217: 13214: 13212: 13209: 13208: 13206: 13202: 13191: 13187: 13183: 13180: 13179: 13177: 13175: 13171: 13164: 13160: 13156: 13153: 13150: 13146: 13142: 13139: 13138: 13136: 13134: 13130: 13123: 13119: 13115: 13112: 13109: 13105: 13101: 13098: 13097: 13095: 13093: 13089: 13082: 13078: 13077:Thomas Morris 13074: 13071: 13068: 13064: 13060: 13057: 13056: 13054: 13052: 13051:Liberty Party 13048: 13045: 13041: 13032: 13027: 13025: 13020: 13018: 13013: 13012: 13009: 12997: 12994: 12992: 12989: 12987: 12984: 12982: 12979: 12977: 12974: 12972: 12969: 12968: 12966: 12962: 12952: 12951:The Wish List 12949: 12947: 12946:Ripon Society 12944: 12942: 12939: 12937: 12934: 12932: 12929: 12927: 12924: 12922: 12919: 12917: 12914: 12913: 12911: 12905: 12899: 12896: 12894: 12891: 12889: 12886: 12884: 12881: 12879: 12876: 12874: 12871: 12869: 12866: 12864: 12861: 12859: 12856: 12852: 12849: 12848: 12847: 12844: 12843: 12841: 12835: 12829: 12826: 12824: 12821: 12819: 12816: 12814: 12811: 12809: 12806: 12805: 12803: 12797: 12789: 12786: 12784: 12781: 12779: 12776: 12774: 12771: 12770: 12769: 12766: 12762: 12759: 12758: 12757: 12754: 12750: 12747: 12745: 12744: 12740: 12739: 12738: 12735: 12734: 12732: 12728: 12725: 12723: 12722:organizations 12717: 12707: 12704: 12702: 12699: 12697: 12694: 12692: 12689: 12687: 12684: 12682: 12679: 12678: 12676: 12672: 12666: 12663: 12661: 12658: 12656: 12655:West Virginia 12653: 12651: 12648: 12646: 12643: 12641: 12638: 12636: 12633: 12631: 12628: 12626: 12623: 12621: 12618: 12616: 12613: 12611: 12608: 12606: 12603: 12601: 12598: 12596: 12593: 12591: 12588: 12586: 12583: 12581: 12578: 12576: 12573: 12571: 12568: 12566: 12563: 12561: 12560:New Hampshire 12558: 12556: 12553: 12551: 12548: 12546: 12543: 12541: 12538: 12536: 12533: 12531: 12528: 12526: 12523: 12521: 12520:Massachusetts 12518: 12516: 12513: 12511: 12508: 12506: 12503: 12501: 12498: 12496: 12493: 12491: 12488: 12486: 12483: 12481: 12478: 12476: 12473: 12471: 12468: 12466: 12463: 12461: 12458: 12456: 12453: 12451: 12448: 12446: 12443: 12441: 12438: 12436: 12433: 12431: 12428: 12426: 12423: 12421: 12418: 12417: 12415: 12411: 12408: 12401: 12397: 12387: 12384: 12382: 12379: 12377: 12374: 12372: 12369: 12367: 12364: 12362: 12359: 12357: 12354: 12352: 12349: 12347: 12344: 12343: 12341: 12337: 12331: 12328: 12326: 12323: 12321: 12318: 12316: 12313: 12311: 12308: 12306: 12302: 12299: 12297: 12294: 12292: 12289: 12287: 12284: 12282: 12279: 12277: 12274: 12272: 12269: 12267: 12264: 12262: 12259: 12257: 12254: 12252: 12249: 12247: 12243: 12240: 12238: 12235: 12233: 12230: 12228: 12225: 12223: 12220: 12218: 12215: 12213: 12210: 12208: 12205: 12203: 12200: 12198: 12195: 12193: 12190: 12188: 12185: 12183: 12180: 12178: 12175: 12173: 12170: 12168: 12165: 12163: 12160: 12158: 12155: 12153: 12150: 12148: 12145: 12143: 12140: 12138: 12135: 12133: 12130: 12128: 12125: 12123: 12120: 12118: 12115: 12113: 12110: 12108: 12105: 12103: 12100: 12098: 12095: 12093: 12090: 12088: 12085: 12083: 12080: 12078: 12075: 12073: 12070: 12068: 12065: 12063: 12060: 12058: 12055: 12053: 12050: 12048: 12045: 12043: 12040: 12038: 12035: 12033: 12030: 12028: 12025: 12023: 12020: 12018: 12015: 12013: 12010: 12008: 12005: 12003: 12000: 11998: 11995: 11993: 11990: 11988: 11985: 11983: 11980: 11978: 11975: 11974: 11972: 11968: 11965: 11963: 11959: 11952: 11949: 11946: 11943: 11940: 11937: 11934: 11931: 11928: 11925: 11922: 11919: 11916: 11913: 11910: 11907: 11904: 11901: 11898: 11895: 11892: 11889: 11886: 11883: 11880: 11877: 11874: 11871: 11868: 11865: 11862: 11859: 11856: 11853: 11850: 11847: 11844: 11841: 11838: 11835: 11832: 11829: 11826: 11823: 11820: 11817: 11814: 11811: 11808: 11805: 11802: 11799: 11796: 11793: 11790: 11787: 11784: 11781: 11778: 11775: 11774: 11772: 11770: 11761: 11756: 11750: 11743: 11740: 11737: 11734: 11731: 11728: 11725: 11722: 11719: 11716: 11713: 11710: 11707: 11704: 11701: 11698: 11695: 11692: 11689: 11686: 11683: 11680: 11677: 11674: 11671: 11668: 11665: 11662: 11659: 11656: 11653: 11650: 11647: 11644: 11641: 11638: 11635: 11632: 11629: 11626: 11623: 11620: 11617: 11614: 11611: 11608: 11605: 11602: 11599: 11596: 11593: 11590: 11587: 11584: 11581: 11578: 11575: 11572: 11571: 11569: 11567: 11559: 11553: 11546: 11543: 11540: 11537: 11534: 11533:G. H. W. Bush 11531: 11528: 11525: 11522: 11519: 11516: 11513: 11510: 11507: 11504: 11501: 11498: 11495: 11492: 11489: 11486: 11483: 11480: 11477: 11474: 11471: 11468: 11465: 11462: 11459: 11456: 11453: 11450: 11447: 11444: 11441: 11438: 11435: 11432: 11429: 11428: 11426: 11424: 11420: 11416: 11410: 11409: 11405: 11401: 11398: 11397: 11396: 11392: 11388: 11385: 11381: 11378: 11377: 11376: 11372: 11368: 11365: 11361: 11358: 11357: 11356: 11352: 11348: 11345: 11341: 11338: 11337: 11336: 11332: 11328: 11325: 11321: 11318: 11317: 11316: 11312: 11308: 11305: 11301: 11298: 11297: 11296: 11292: 11288: 11285: 11281: 11278: 11277: 11276: 11272: 11268: 11265: 11261: 11258: 11257: 11256: 11252: 11248: 11245: 11241: 11238: 11237: 11236: 11232: 11231:G. H. W. Bush 11228: 11225: 11221: 11218: 11217: 11216: 11212: 11211:G. H. W. Bush 11208: 11205: 11201: 11198: 11197: 11196: 11195:G. H. W. Bush 11192: 11188: 11187:1984 (Dallas) 11185: 11181: 11178: 11177: 11176: 11175:G. H. W. Bush 11172: 11168: 11165: 11161: 11158: 11157: 11156: 11152: 11148: 11145: 11141: 11138: 11137: 11136: 11132: 11128: 11125: 11121: 11118: 11117: 11116: 11112: 11108: 11105: 11101: 11098: 11097: 11096: 11092: 11088: 11085: 11081: 11078: 11077: 11076: 11072: 11068: 11065: 11061: 11058: 11057: 11056: 11052: 11048: 11045: 11041: 11038: 11037: 11036: 11032: 11028: 11025: 11021: 11018: 11017: 11016: 11012: 11008: 11005: 11001: 10998: 10997: 10996: 10992: 10988: 10985: 10981: 10978: 10977: 10976: 10972: 10968: 10965: 10961: 10958: 10957: 10956: 10952: 10948: 10945: 10941: 10938: 10937: 10936: 10932: 10928: 10925: 10921: 10918: 10917: 10916: 10912: 10908: 10905: 10901: 10898: 10897: 10896: 10892: 10888: 10885: 10881: 10878: 10877: 10876: 10872: 10868: 10865: 10861: 10858: 10857: 10856: 10852: 10848: 10845: 10841: 10838: 10837: 10836: 10832: 10828: 10824: 10821: 10819: 10815: 10811: 10808: 10806: 10802: 10798: 10795: 10793: 10789: 10785: 10782: 10780: 10776: 10772: 10769: 10767: 10763: 10759: 10756: 10754: 10750: 10746: 10743: 10741: 10737: 10733: 10730: 10728: 10724: 10720: 10717: 10715: 10711: 10707: 10704: 10702: 10698: 10694: 10691: 10689: 10685: 10681: 10678: 10676: 10672: 10668: 10665: 10663: 10659: 10655: 10652: 10650: 10646: 10642: 10639: 10638: 10636: 10634: 10625: 10618: 10612: 10604: 10601: 10599: 10596: 10594: 10591: 10589: 10586: 10584: 10581: 10580: 10579: 10576: 10575: 10572: 10568: 10559: 10554: 10552: 10547: 10545: 10540: 10539: 10536: 10524: 10521: 10519: 10516: 10514: 10511: 10509: 10506: 10504: 10501: 10499: 10496: 10494: 10491: 10489: 10486: 10484: 10481: 10479: 10476: 10474: 10471: 10469: 10466: 10464: 10461: 10459: 10456: 10454: 10451: 10449: 10446: 10444: 10441: 10439: 10436: 10434: 10431: 10429: 10426: 10424: 10421: 10419: 10416: 10414: 10411: 10409: 10406: 10404: 10401: 10399: 10396: 10394: 10391: 10389: 10386: 10384: 10381: 10379: 10376: 10374: 10371: 10369: 10366: 10364: 10361: 10359: 10356: 10354: 10351: 10349: 10346: 10344: 10341: 10339: 10336: 10335: 10333: 10329: 10324: 10314: 10311: 10309: 10306: 10304: 10301: 10299: 10296: 10294: 10291: 10289: 10286: 10284: 10281: 10279: 10276: 10274: 10271: 10269: 10266: 10264: 10261: 10259: 10256: 10254: 10251: 10249: 10246: 10244: 10241: 10239: 10236: 10234: 10231: 10229: 10226: 10224: 10221: 10219: 10216: 10214: 10211: 10209: 10206: 10204: 10201: 10199: 10196: 10194: 10191: 10189: 10186: 10184: 10181: 10179: 10176: 10174: 10171: 10169: 10166: 10164: 10161: 10160: 10158: 10154: 10150: 10143: 10138: 10136: 10131: 10129: 10124: 10123: 10120: 10108: 10100: 10098: 10090: 10089: 10086: 10071: 10068: 10066: 10063: 10061: 10058: 10056: 10053: 10051: 10048: 10046: 10043: 10041: 10038: 10036: 10033: 10031: 10028: 10026: 10023: 10021: 10018: 10016: 10013: 10011: 10008: 10006: 10003: 10001: 9998: 9996: 9993: 9991: 9988: 9986: 9983: 9981: 9978: 9976: 9973: 9971: 9968: 9966: 9963: 9961: 9958: 9956: 9953: 9951: 9948: 9946: 9943: 9941: 9938: 9936: 9933: 9931: 9928: 9926: 9923: 9921: 9918: 9916: 9913: 9911: 9908: 9906: 9903: 9901: 9898: 9896: 9893: 9891: 9888: 9886: 9883: 9881: 9878: 9876: 9873: 9871: 9868: 9866: 9863: 9861: 9858: 9856: 9853: 9851: 9848: 9846: 9843: 9841: 9838: 9836: 9833: 9831: 9828: 9826: 9823: 9821: 9818: 9816: 9813: 9811: 9808: 9806: 9803: 9801: 9798: 9796: 9793: 9791: 9788: 9786: 9783: 9782: 9779: 9774: 9770: 9763: 9758: 9756: 9751: 9749: 9744: 9743: 9740: 9728: 9720: 9718: 9710: 9708: 9700: 9699: 9696: 9688: 9687:Kamala Harris 9685: 9682: 9679: 9676: 9673: 9670: 9667: 9664: 9660: 9657: 9654: 9651: 9648: 9645: 9642: 9639: 9636: 9633: 9630: 9627: 9624: 9621: 9618: 9615: 9612: 9609: 9606: 9605:Richard Nixon 9603: 9600: 9597: 9594: 9591: 9588: 9585: 9582: 9579: 9576: 9573: 9570: 9567: 9564: 9561: 9558: 9555: 9552: 9549: 9546: 9543: 9540: 9537: 9534: 9533:Garret Hobart 9531: 9528: 9525: 9522: 9519: 9516: 9513: 9510: 9507: 9504: 9501: 9498: 9495: 9492: 9489: 9486: 9483: 9480: 9477: 9474: 9471: 9468: 9465: 9462: 9459: 9456: 9453: 9450: 9447: 9444: 9441: 9438: 9435: 9432: 9429: 9426: 9423: 9420: 9417: 9414: 9411: 9408: 9405: 9402: 9399: 9396: 9393: 9392: 9388: 9384: 9377: 9372: 9370: 9365: 9363: 9358: 9357: 9354: 9342: 9334: 9332: 9324: 9323: 9320: 9314: 9311: 9309: 9306: 9304: 9301: 9299: 9296: 9294: 9291: 9289: 9288:G. H. W. Bush 9286: 9284: 9281: 9279: 9276: 9274: 9271: 9269: 9266: 9264: 9263:L. B. Johnson 9261: 9259: 9256: 9254: 9251: 9249: 9246: 9244: 9241: 9239: 9236: 9234: 9231: 9229: 9226: 9224: 9221: 9219: 9216: 9214: 9211: 9209: 9206: 9204: 9201: 9200: 9198: 9192: 9183: 9179: 9176: 9173: 9169: 9166: 9163: 9159: 9156: 9153: 9149: 9146: 9143: 9139: 9136: 9133: 9129: 9126: 9123: 9119: 9118:Ronald Reagan 9116: 9113: 9109: 9106: 9103: 9099: 9096: 9093: 9089: 9088:Richard Nixon 9086: 9083: 9079: 9076: 9073: 9069: 9066: 9063: 9059: 9056: 9053: 9049: 9046: 9043: 9039: 9036: 9033: 9029: 9026: 9023: 9019: 9016: 9013: 9009: 9006: 9003: 8999: 8996: 8993: 8989: 8986: 8983: 8979: 8976: 8973: 8969: 8966: 8963: 8959: 8956: 8953: 8949: 8946: 8943: 8939: 8936: 8933: 8929: 8926: 8923: 8919: 8916: 8913: 8909: 8906: 8903: 8899: 8896: 8893: 8889: 8886: 8883: 8879: 8876: 8873: 8869: 8866: 8863: 8859: 8856: 8853: 8849: 8846: 8843: 8839: 8836: 8833: 8829: 8828:James K. Polk 8826: 8823: 8819: 8816: 8813: 8809: 8806: 8803: 8799: 8796: 8793: 8789: 8786: 8783: 8779: 8776: 8773: 8769: 8766: 8763: 8759: 8758:James Madison 8756: 8753: 8749: 8746: 8743: 8739: 8736: 8733: 8729: 8726: 8725: 8721: 8715: 8711: 8704: 8699: 8697: 8692: 8690: 8685: 8684: 8681: 8670: 8667: 8665: 8662: 8660: 8657: 8655: 8652: 8650: 8646: 8638: 8637:Gideon Welles 8635: 8633: 8630: 8628: 8625: 8623: 8620: 8618: 8615: 8613: 8610: 8608: 8605: 8603: 8600: 8599: 8597: 8596: 8591: 8588: 8586: 8585:Burt Van Horn 8583: 8581: 8578: 8576: 8573: 8571: 8568: 8566: 8563: 8561: 8558: 8556: 8553: 8552: 8550: 8549: 8544: 8541: 8539: 8536: 8534: 8531: 8529: 8526: 8524: 8521: 8520: 8518: 8517: 8512: 8509: 8507: 8504: 8502: 8499: 8497: 8496:John A. Logan 8494: 8492: 8489: 8487: 8484: 8482: 8479: 8478: 8476: 8475: 8474: 8469: 8467: 8463: 8457: 8454: 8452: 8449: 8447: 8444: 8442: 8439: 8435: 8432: 8430: 8427: 8425: 8422: 8421: 8420: 8419:Edwin Stanton 8417:Dismissal of 8416: 8414: 8411: 8410: 8408: 8406: 8402: 8382: 8379: 8377: 8376:First inquiry 8374: 8373: 8371: 8367: 8360: 8356: 8352: 8351: 8348: 8344: 8340: 8336: 8329: 8324: 8322: 8317: 8315: 8310: 8309: 8306: 8300: 8293: 8277: 8271: 8267: 8262: 8258: 8251: 8250: 8242: 8241: 8234: 8228: 8224: 8217: 8216: 8212: 8204: 8203: 8196: 8190: 8187: 8183: 8179: 8170: 8169: 8162: 8156: 8152: 8143: 8142: 8135: 8129: 8121: 8112: 8111: 8104: 8098: 8094: 8085: 8084: 8077: 8071: 8066: 8062: 8055: 8051: 8049: 8046: 8039: 8033: 8029: 8020: 8019: 8015: 8008: 8002: 7997: 7993: 7984: 7983: 7978: 7970: 7964: 7961: 7957: 7952: 7945: 7933: 7932: 7923: 7922: 7919: 7916: 7914: 7911: 7910: 7907: 7906: 7902: 7900: 7899: 7895: 7894: 7891: 7885: 7884: 7880: 7878: 7875: 7873: 7870: 7868: 7865: 7863: 7860: 7858: 7855: 7854: 7852: 7848: 7842: 7839: 7837: 7834: 7832: 7829: 7827: 7826:Henry Johnson 7824: 7822: 7821:Dolly Johnson 7819: 7817: 7814: 7812: 7809: 7807: 7804: 7803: 7801: 7797: 7790: 7789:Frank Johnson 7787: 7784: 7781: 7778: 7777:Daniel Stover 7775: 7772: 7769: 7766: 7763: 7760: 7757: 7754: 7751: 7748: 7745: 7744: 7742: 7738: 7731: 7730: 7726: 7723: 7722: 7718: 7715: 7714: 7710: 7707: 7706: 7702: 7700: 7697: 7695: 7692: 7690: 7687: 7686: 7684: 7680: 7674: 7671: 7669: 7666: 7664: 7661: 7659: 7656: 7654: 7650: 7648: 7645: 7641: 7638: 7636: 7633: 7631: 7628: 7626: 7623: 7622: 7621: 7618: 7616: 7613: 7611: 7608: 7606: 7603: 7601: 7598: 7596: 7593: 7591: 7588: 7586: 7583: 7581: 7578: 7576: 7573: 7569: 7566: 7564: 7561: 7559: 7556: 7555: 7554: 7551: 7549: 7546: 7544: 7541: 7539: 7536: 7534: 7531: 7529: 7526: 7525: 7523: 7521: 7517: 7511: 7508: 7506: 7503: 7501: 7498: 7496: 7493: 7491: 7488: 7486: 7483: 7481: 7478: 7477: 7475: 7471: 7463: 7460: 7456: 7452: 7448: 7444: 7441: 7437: 7433: 7430: 7426: 7425: 7422: 7418: 7411: 7406: 7404: 7399: 7397: 7392: 7391: 7388: 7376: 7372: 7369: 7367: 7363: 7360: 7358: 7355: 7352: 7349: 7347: 7343: 7340: 7337: 7334: 7331: 7330: 7325: 7321: 7318: 7316: 7312: 7309: 7307: 7303: 7300: 7298: 7295: 7291: 7290: 7285: 7280: 7278: 7277: 7268: 7264: 7261: 7258: 7256: 7251: 7247: 7243: 7240: 7236: 7233: 7229: 7225: 7221: 7217: 7216: 7210: 7207: 7203: 7200: 7197:Foner, Eric. 7196: 7193: 7189: 7188: 7185: 7170: 7169: 7164: 7160: 7159: 7149: 7143: 7139: 7135: 7131: 7127: 7121: 7117: 7116: 7111: 7107: 7103: 7099: 7094: 7092: 7088: 7084: 7080: 7074: 7070: 7066: 7062: 7058: 7052: 7048: 7047: 7041: 7037: 7035:9780316779883 7031: 7027: 7026: 7020: 7016: 7010: 7006: 7001: 6999: 6995: 6990: 6986: 6982: 6978: 6972: 6968: 6967: 6962: 6958: 6954: 6953: 6948: 6943: 6939: 6933: 6929: 6925: 6921: 6917: 6913: 6909: 6905: 6901: 6895: 6891: 6887: 6883: 6879: 6873: 6869: 6864: 6860: 6854: 6850: 6846: 6842: 6838: 6832: 6828: 6827: 6822: 6818: 6814: 6813: 6808: 6804: 6800: 6796: 6792: 6788: 6784: 6780: 6776: 6772: 6768: 6764: 6763: 6751: 6746: 6739: 6734: 6728:, p. 56. 6727: 6722: 6715: 6710: 6703: 6698: 6691: 6686: 6684: 6676: 6671: 6664: 6659: 6652: 6647: 6640: 6635: 6628: 6623: 6621: 6619: 6617: 6609: 6604: 6597: 6592: 6585: 6580: 6578: 6570: 6565: 6563: 6555: 6550: 6543: 6538: 6531: 6526: 6519: 6514: 6499: 6495: 6489: 6481: 6477: 6476: 6468: 6461: 6456: 6449: 6444: 6442: 6434: 6429: 6421: 6417: 6411: 6396: 6390: 6383: 6378: 6371: 6366: 6359: 6354: 6347: 6342: 6340: 6332: 6327: 6320: 6315: 6308: 6303: 6296: 6291: 6289: 6281: 6276: 6269: 6264: 6257: 6253: 6248: 6240: 6234: 6230: 6229: 6221: 6219: 6210: 6204: 6200: 6199: 6191: 6183: 6179: 6173: 6166: 6161: 6155:, p. 54. 6154: 6149: 6142: 6137: 6135: 6127: 6122: 6114: 6108: 6104: 6099: 6098: 6089: 6082: 6077: 6062: 6054: 6047: 6046: 6041: 6034: 6027: 6026: 6021: 6014: 6007: 6002: 5994: 5988: 5984: 5983: 5975: 5967: 5963: 5959: 5953: 5949: 5948: 5943: 5937: 5929: 5925: 5921: 5915: 5911: 5910: 5902: 5883: 5879: 5875: 5868: 5864: 5858: 5851: 5846: 5839: 5834: 5827: 5822: 5815: 5810: 5795: 5791: 5787: 5785: 5777: 5770: 5765: 5758: 5753: 5746: 5741: 5734: 5729: 5722: 5717: 5710: 5705: 5698: 5693: 5687:, p. 81. 5686: 5681: 5674: 5669: 5662: 5657: 5650: 5645: 5638: 5633: 5626: 5621: 5614: 5609: 5602: 5597: 5590: 5585: 5578: 5573: 5566: 5561: 5554: 5549: 5542: 5537: 5535: 5527: 5522: 5515: 5510: 5503: 5498: 5491: 5486: 5479: 5474: 5467: 5462: 5455: 5450: 5444:, p. 53. 5443: 5438: 5432:, p. 71. 5431: 5426: 5420:, p. 70. 5419: 5414: 5407: 5402: 5395: 5390: 5383: 5378: 5371: 5366: 5359: 5354: 5347: 5342: 5340: 5332: 5327: 5321:, p. 36. 5320: 5315: 5309:, p. 26. 5308: 5303: 5296: 5291: 5285:, p. 35. 5284: 5279: 5272: 5267: 5260: 5255: 5248: 5243: 5237:, p. 28. 5236: 5231: 5224: 5219: 5212: 5207: 5201:, p. 26. 5200: 5195: 5188: 5183: 5177:, p. 93. 5176: 5171: 5164: 5159: 5152: 5147: 5141:, p. 90. 5140: 5135: 5128: 5123: 5116: 5111: 5104: 5099: 5093:, p. 87. 5092: 5087: 5080: 5075: 5069:, p. 10. 5068: 5063: 5057:, p. 85. 5056: 5051: 5044: 5039: 5033:, p. 82. 5032: 5027: 5025: 5017: 5012: 5005: 5000: 4993: 4988: 4986: 4978: 4973: 4967:, p. 76. 4966: 4961: 4959: 4951: 4946: 4944: 4936: 4931: 4925:, p. 73. 4924: 4919: 4913:, p. 72. 4912: 4907: 4900: 4895: 4888: 4883: 4876: 4871: 4869: 4867: 4859: 4854: 4847: 4842: 4835: 4830: 4823: 4818: 4811: 4806: 4799: 4794: 4787: 4782: 4775: 4770: 4764:, p. 64. 4763: 4758: 4751: 4746: 4739: 4734: 4727: 4722: 4715: 4710: 4703: 4698: 4689: 4682: 4677: 4671:, p. 59. 4670: 4665: 4658: 4653: 4646: 4641: 4634: 4629: 4622: 4617: 4610: 4605: 4598: 4593: 4586: 4581: 4574: 4569: 4562: 4557: 4550: 4545: 4538: 4533: 4526: 4521: 4514: 4509: 4502: 4497: 4490: 4485: 4478: 4474: 4469: 4463:, p. 92. 4462: 4457: 4450: 4445: 4438: 4433: 4427:, p. 88. 4426: 4421: 4414: 4409: 4402: 4397: 4395: 4388:, p. 51. 4387: 4382: 4380: 4372: 4367: 4365: 4358:, p. 82. 4357: 4352: 4346:, p. 49. 4345: 4340: 4334:, p. 81. 4333: 4328: 4322:, p. 78. 4321: 4316: 4314: 4297: 4293: 4287: 4280: 4275: 4268: 4263: 4257:, p. 73. 4256: 4251: 4243: 4239: 4233: 4229: 4228: 4220: 4213: 4208: 4201: 4196: 4189: 4184: 4177: 4172: 4170: 4162: 4157: 4151:, p. 44. 4150: 4145: 4139:, p. 56. 4138: 4133: 4127:, p. 53. 4126: 4121: 4114: 4109: 4103:, p. 55. 4102: 4097: 4090: 4085: 4077: 4076: 4071: 4064: 4058:, p. 43. 4057: 4052: 4046:, p. 42. 4045: 4040: 4033: 4028: 4022:, p. 37. 4021: 4016: 4010:, p. 36. 4009: 4004: 3997: 3992: 3985: 3980: 3972: 3966: 3962: 3961: 3953: 3945: 3941: 3940: 3935: 3929: 3913: 3909: 3903: 3901: 3899: 3892:, p. 31. 3891: 3886: 3879: 3874: 3867: 3862: 3856:, p. 32. 3855: 3850: 3843: 3838: 3831: 3826: 3819: 3814: 3807: 3802: 3795: 3790: 3783: 3778: 3776: 3769:, p. 27. 3768: 3763: 3757:, p. 26. 3756: 3751: 3744: 3739: 3732: 3727: 3721:, p. 20. 3720: 3715: 3707: 3703: 3702: 3694: 3687: 3682: 3680: 3678: 3670: 3665: 3657: 3651: 3647: 3646: 3638: 3631: 3626: 3619: 3614: 3612: 3605:, p. 35. 3604: 3599: 3597: 3589: 3584: 3582: 3580: 3572: 3567: 3565: 3563: 3558: 3540: 3536: 3530: 3521: 3514: 3508: 3501: 3495: 3488: 3484: 3480: 3474: 3470: 3459: 3458: 3454: 3451: 3450: 3446: 3443: 3440: 3438: 3435: 3433: 3430: 3428: 3425: 3424: 3417: 3412: 3408: 3405: 3400: 3398: 3393: 3389: 3383: 3380: 3376: 3375: 3370: 3363: 3358: 3355: 3353: 3349: 3345: 3341: 3337: 3336:Gideon Welles 3333: 3324: 3320: 3318: 3314: 3313:Carpetbaggers 3310: 3306: 3302: 3296: 3291: 3289: 3284: 3282: 3277: 3273: 3262: 3260: 3256: 3252: 3236: 3227: 3225: 3221: 3217: 3212: 3207: 3205: 3201: 3193: 3189: 3185: 3181: 3172: 3170: 3166: 3161: 3159: 3155: 3151: 3147: 3143: 3138: 3134: 3128: 3120: 3111: 3107: 3105: 3102:on Florida's 3101: 3097: 3092: 3090: 3084: 3077: 3072: 3068: 3066: 3062: 3057: 3047: 3044: 3034: 3032: 3028: 3024: 3020: 3016: 3015:Supreme Court 3012: 3006: 2991: 2989: 2986: 2985: 2983: 2979: 2977: 2974: 2973: 2971: 2967: 2965: 2962: 2960: 2956: 2952: 2948: 2946: 2945:Gideon Welles 2943: 2941: 2938: 2937: 2933: 2929: 2927: 2924: 2923: 2921: 2917: 2915: 2912: 2910: 2906: 2902: 2898: 2896: 2893: 2892: 2890: 2886: 2884: 2881: 2880: 2878: 2874: 2872: 2869: 2867: 2863: 2859: 2855: 2853: 2850: 2849: 2847: 2843: 2841: 2840:Edwin Stanton 2838: 2836: 2832: 2828: 2824: 2822: 2819: 2817: 2814: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2803: 2800: 2798: 2795: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2783: 2781: 2778: 2777: 2773: 2769: 2766: 2764: 2761: 2760: 2756: 2752: 2749: 2746: 2745: 2740: 2733: 2729: 2721: 2707: 2705: 2701: 2697: 2695: 2689: 2687: 2683: 2679: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2654: 2652: 2648: 2643: 2633: 2631: 2627: 2623: 2617: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2591: 2587: 2581: 2578: 2574: 2573: 2566: 2563: 2559: 2554: 2549: 2545: 2543: 2539: 2535: 2526: 2519: 2515: 2510: 2504: 2500: 2496: 2491: 2487: 2485: 2480: 2474: 2470: 2468: 2467:Benjamin Wade 2464: 2460: 2455: 2453: 2448: 2443: 2440: 2435: 2432: 2428: 2427:Edwin Stanton 2420: 2419: 2413: 2408: 2404: 2394: 2391: 2386: 2382: 2377: 2375: 2370: 2369:border states 2366: 2356: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2342: 2336: 2333: 2328: 2326: 2322: 2317: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2290: 2287: 2283: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2254: 2252: 2246: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2230: 2228: 2224: 2219: 2210: 2207: 2202: 2198: 2196: 2195:pocket vetoed 2192: 2188: 2172: 2162: 2152: 2150: 2145: 2141: 2137: 2132: 2130: 2124: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2092: 2084: 2079: 2068: 2058: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2043: 2041: 2036: 2031: 2025: 2021: 2019: 2009: 2005: 2002: 2001:Simon Cameron 1997: 1993: 1988: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1973: 1972:Albert Castel 1968: 1964: 1960: 1959:War Democrats 1955: 1953: 1949: 1942: 1937: 1932: 1922: 1919: 1914: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1898: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1870: 1866: 1859: 1857: 1852: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1837: 1835: 1831: 1830:the president 1826: 1820: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1793: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1782:Harpers Ferry 1779: 1775: 1766: 1757: 1755: 1751: 1745: 1742: 1741: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1723: 1721: 1717: 1712: 1710: 1705: 1696: 1682: 1678: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1659: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1643: 1641: 1637: 1632: 1630: 1622: 1617: 1608: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1589: 1584: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1568: 1567:was elected. 1566: 1562: 1555: 1550: 1546: 1544: 1538: 1533: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1514: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1498: 1496: 1492: 1491:James K. Polk 1488: 1484: 1480: 1469: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1453: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1429: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1406:Greene County 1403: 1398: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1372: 1368: 1366: 1358: 1353: 1349: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1320: 1310: 1308: 1302: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1224: 1222: 1218: 1209: 1204: 1200: 1198: 1192: 1190: 1189:James K. Polk 1186: 1182: 1178: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1154: 1150: 1145: 1131: 1129: 1123: 1121: 1117: 1116:Edwin Stanton 1113: 1109: 1105: 1100: 1096: 1091: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1068: 1067:by one vote. 1066: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1031:who ran with 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1003: 998: 996: 991: 989: 984: 983: 981: 980: 969: 968:Frank Johnson 966: 964: 961: 959: 956: 954: 951: 949: 946: 944: 941: 940: 933: 932:Historic Site 930: 926: 923: 922: 921: 918: 916: 913: 912: 903: 900: 899: 897: 893: 890: 888: 885: 884: 882: 881: 872: 869: 867: 864: 862: 859: 857: 854: 852: 849: 847: 844: 842: 841:First inquiry 839: 838: 837: 834: 832: 829: 827: 824: 820: 817: 816: 815: 812: 810: 807: 805: 802: 800: 797: 795: 792: 790: 787: 785: 782: 781: 774: 771: 769: 766: 764: 761: 760: 753: 750: 749: 747: 739: 736: 734: 731: 729: 726: 724: 721: 720: 719: 718: 709: 695: 692: 688: 687: 684: 683: 675: 672: 669: 665: 661: 657: 653: 649: 646: 643: 639: 634: 630: 626: 622: 615: 612: 611: 609: 605: 598: 596: 595:Jacob Johnson 593: 592: 590: 586: 580: 577: 575: 572: 570: 567: 565: 562: 560: 557: 556: 554: 550: 530: 525: 521: 517: 512: 507:(before 1839) 506: 502: 496: 492: 489: 485: 481: 478: 476:Resting place 474: 471: 468: 464: 460: 452:July 31, 1875 451: 447: 443: 431: 427: 422: 418: 415: 412: 406: 403: 400: 394: 388: 383: 378: 371: 365: 362: 359: 353: 350: 347: 341: 335: 330: 327: 322: 319:(as Governor) 317: 314: 308: 305:(as Governor) 303: 300: 294: 290: 284: 278: 273: 270: 266: 263: 260: 254: 251: 248: 242: 236: 231: 228: 225: 219: 216: 213: 207: 201: 196: 193: 188: 184: 181: 178: 172: 169: 166: 160: 156: 152: 146: 141: 138: 133: 130: 127: 121: 118: 115: 109: 106: 103: 100: 95: 89: 84: 81: 76: 72: 59: 54: 47: 44: 40: 33: 19: 17340: 17310: 17300: 17281: 17273: 17250: 17217: 17207: 17190: 17188: 17179: 17156: 17148:1868 → 17140:← 1860 17087: 17070: 17036: 17028: 17005: 16957: 16949: 16926: 16893: 16884: 16861: 16818:Edward Bates 16798: 16790: 16767: 16759:1864 → 16751:← 1856 16691:Whitecapping 16661:Paramilitary 16634:Other topics 16615:Jim Crow era 16580: 16567: 16554: 16541: 16533: 16520: 16496: 16488: 16470: 16457: 16453:Leon Litwack 16444: 16436: 16423: 16400: 16364:John Burgess 16350: 16337: 16324: 16279: 16266: 16258: 16250: 16242: 16152: 16092:Whiskey Ring 16054: 16004:White League 15940: 15932: 15780:Shoffner Act 15726: 15699: 15660: 15543:Pulaski riot 15492: 15485: 15473: 15221: 15213: 15205: 15049: 15041: 13936:Presidential 13898:John Bingham 13836:White League 13821:Ku Klux Klan 13611: 13588:Participants 13532:James Harlan 13361: 13267:Edward Bates 13242:Gerrit Smith 13185: 13114:John P. Hale 13063:Thomas Earle 12981:Bibliography 12741: 12620:South Dakota 12610:Rhode Island 12605:Pennsylvania 12585:North Dakota 11419:Presidential 11406: 11327:2012 (Tampa) 10674: 10631:presidential 10615:Presidential 10242: 10227: 9874: 9864: 9497:Henry Wilson 9484: 9213:T. Roosevelt 9182:2021–present 9168:Donald Trump 9158:Barack Obama 9138:Bill Clinton 9108:Jimmy Carter 8887: 8768:James Monroe 8719:presidencies 8481:John Bingham 8342: 8265: 8257:David M. Key 8249:Henry Cooper 8247: 8244:1875 8238: 8209: 8200: 8166: 8139: 8108: 8081: 8043: 8016:nominee for 8012: 7974: 7924: 7903: 7896: 7881: 7779:(son-in-law) 7761:(son-in-law) 7727: 7719: 7711: 7703: 7682:Public image 7490:War Democrat 7416: 7327: 7287: 7249: 7214: 7198: 7167: 7162: 7137: 7114: 7101: 7086: 7068: 7045: 7024: 7004: 6988: 6965: 6950: 6927: 6915: 6889: 6867: 6848: 6825: 6811: 6774: 6770: 6745: 6733: 6721: 6709: 6697: 6690:Foner column 6670: 6658: 6646: 6634: 6603: 6591: 6549: 6537: 6525: 6513: 6501:. Retrieved 6497: 6488: 6474: 6467: 6455: 6428: 6419: 6410: 6398:. Retrieved 6389: 6377: 6365: 6353: 6326: 6314: 6302: 6275: 6263: 6247: 6227: 6197: 6190: 6181: 6172: 6160: 6148: 6121: 6096: 6088: 6076: 6066:February 29, 6064:. Retrieved 6044: 6024: 6013: 6001: 5981: 5974: 5946: 5936: 5908: 5901: 5891:December 25, 5889:. Retrieved 5873: 5857: 5845: 5833: 5821: 5809: 5797:. Retrieved 5789: 5783: 5776: 5764: 5752: 5740: 5728: 5716: 5704: 5692: 5680: 5668: 5656: 5644: 5632: 5620: 5608: 5596: 5584: 5572: 5560: 5548: 5521: 5509: 5497: 5485: 5473: 5461: 5449: 5437: 5425: 5413: 5401: 5389: 5377: 5365: 5353: 5326: 5314: 5302: 5290: 5278: 5266: 5254: 5242: 5230: 5218: 5206: 5194: 5182: 5170: 5158: 5146: 5134: 5122: 5110: 5098: 5086: 5074: 5062: 5050: 5038: 5011: 4999: 4972: 4930: 4918: 4906: 4894: 4882: 4877:, p. 9. 4853: 4841: 4829: 4817: 4805: 4793: 4781: 4776:, p. 8. 4769: 4757: 4745: 4733: 4721: 4709: 4697: 4688: 4676: 4664: 4652: 4640: 4628: 4616: 4604: 4592: 4580: 4575:, p. 4. 4568: 4556: 4544: 4532: 4520: 4508: 4496: 4484: 4468: 4456: 4444: 4432: 4420: 4408: 4373:, p. 5. 4351: 4339: 4327: 4300:. Retrieved 4295: 4286: 4274: 4262: 4250: 4226: 4219: 4207: 4195: 4183: 4156: 4144: 4132: 4120: 4108: 4096: 4084: 4073: 4063: 4051: 4039: 4027: 4015: 4003: 3991: 3979: 3959: 3952: 3938: 3928: 3916:. Retrieved 3911: 3885: 3880:, p. 3. 3873: 3861: 3849: 3837: 3825: 3813: 3801: 3789: 3762: 3750: 3738: 3726: 3714: 3700: 3693: 3664: 3644: 3637: 3625: 3534: 3529: 3520: 3511:Wordplay on 3507: 3494: 3473: 3455: 3447: 3442:Emily Harold 3414: 3409: 3401: 3384: 3372: 3365: 3360: 3356: 3351: 3343: 3329: 3301:John Burgess 3298: 3293: 3285: 3268: 3251:Elizabethton 3247: 3220:John Sherman 3216:Henry Wilson 3210: 3208: 3197: 3191: 3187: 3162: 3142:Henry Cooper 3137:Ku Klux Klan 3129: 3125: 3108: 3104:Dry Tortugas 3093: 3085: 3081: 3075: 3053: 3040: 3008: 2976:James Harlan 2693: 2690: 2658:expansionist 2655: 2639: 2626:Thurlow Weed 2618: 2582: 2571: 2567: 2550: 2546: 2531: 2502: 2475: 2471: 2456: 2444: 2436: 2424: 2416: 2378: 2362: 2337: 2329: 2318: 2291: 2279: 2260: 2247: 2231: 2220: 2216: 2203: 2199: 2191:its own plan 2183: 2149:Mary Surratt 2133: 2125: 2093: 2089: 2044: 2026: 2022: 2014: 1989: 1976: 1956: 1945: 1915: 1911:Murfreesboro 1899: 1889:and for the 1875: 1865: 1853: 1838: 1821: 1794: 1771: 1746: 1738: 1724: 1719: 1713: 1708: 1701: 1679: 1667:favorite son 1660: 1644: 1636:bully pulpit 1633: 1625: 1604: 1585: 1569: 1558: 1540: 1535: 1515: 1499: 1483:abolitionist 1479:Jonesborough 1475: 1454: 1430: 1399: 1383: 1369: 1362: 1322: 1303: 1299:tuberculosis 1293:(1834), and 1264: 1230: 1213: 1207: 1193: 1185:William Polk 1157: 1124: 1092: 1069: 1023:, as he was 1012: 1011: 789:Inauguration 752:Governorship 738:Bibliography 705: 667:Battles/wars 500:affiliations 454:(1875-07-31) 409:Succeeded by 386: 356:Succeeded by 333: 311:Succeeded by 287:Appointed by 276: 257:Succeeded by 234: 227:David M. Key 222:Succeeded by 199: 175:Succeeded by 144: 124:Succeeded by 104: 87: 43: 17481:1875 deaths 17476:1808 births 17274:President: 17233:(incumbent) 17185:(incumbent) 17180:President: 17029:President: 17013:Conventions 16987:Sam Houston 16950:President: 16896:Joseph Lane 16885:President: 16838:John McLean 16791:President: 16484:Steven Hahn 16333:James Bryce 15892:Amnesty Act 15373:Black Codes 14062:U.S. Senate 13809:Politicians 13731:Waite Court 13726:Chase Court 13721:Taney Court 13603:Presidents 13540:(1866–1869) 13534:(1865–1866) 13509:(1865–1869) 13490:(1866–1869) 13484:(1865–1866) 13465:(1868–1869) 13459:(1866–1868) 13453:(1865–1866) 13451:James Speed 13434:(1868–1869) 13428:(1865–1868) 13409:(1865–1869) 13381:(1865–1869) 13364:(1865–1869) 13298:Barnburners 12799:Fundraising 12720:Affiliated 12701:Puerto Rico 12535:Mississippi 12450:Connecticut 12172:Summerfield 11947:(2019–2023) 11941:(2015–2019) 11935:(2007–2015) 11929:(1999–2007) 11923:(1995–1999) 11917:(1981–1995) 11911:(1973–1981) 11905:(1965–1973) 11899:(1959–1965) 11893:(1939–1959) 11887:(1931–1939) 11881:(1925–1931) 11875:(1919–1925) 11869:(1911–1919) 11863:(1903–1911) 11857:(1899–1903) 11851:(1895–1899) 11845:(1891–1895) 11839:(1889–1891) 11833:(1883–1889) 11827:(1881–1883) 11821:(1879–1881) 11815:(1877–1879) 11809:(1875–1877) 11803:(1869–1875) 11791:(1863–1869) 11785:(1861–1863) 11779:(1860–1861) 11738:(2003–2007) 11732:(1996–2003) 11726:(1985–1996) 11720:(1980–1985) 11714:(1979–1980) 11708:(1977–1979) 11702:(1969–1977) 11696:(1959–1969) 11690:(1953–1959) 11678:(1952–1953) 11672:(1949–1952) 11666:(1944–1949) 11660:(1941–1944) 11654:(1940–1941) 11648:(1933–1940) 11642:(1929–1933) 11636:(1924–1929) 11630:(1918–1924) 11624:(1913–1918) 11618:(1911–1913) 11612:(1908–1911) 11606:(1897–1908) 11600:(1891–1897) 11594:(1885–1891) 11588:(1884–1885) 11582:(1862–1884) 11576:(1859–1862) 11556:U.S. Senate 11547:(2017–2021) 11541:(2001–2009) 11535:(1989–1993) 11529:(1981–1989) 11523:(1974–1977) 11517:(1969–1974) 11511:(1953–1961) 11505:(1929–1933) 11499:(1923–1929) 11493:(1921–1923) 11487:(1909–1913) 11481:(1901–1909) 11475:(1897–1901) 11469:(1889–1893) 11463:(1881–1885) 11451:(1877–1881) 11445:(1869–1877) 11439:(1865–1868) 11433:(1861–1865) 10624:conventions 10388:A. Anderson 10343:J. Anderson 10178:J. Anderson 9683:(2017–2021) 9677:(2009–2017) 9671:(2001–2009) 9669:Dick Cheney 9655:(1989–1993) 9649:(1981–1989) 9643:(1977–1981) 9637:(1974–1977) 9631:(1973–1974) 9629:Gerald Ford 9625:(1969–1973) 9623:Spiro Agnew 9619:(1965–1969) 9613:(1961–1963) 9607:(1953–1961) 9601:(1949–1953) 9589:(1941–1945) 9583:(1933–1941) 9577:(1929–1933) 9571:(1925–1929) 9565:(1921–1923) 9559:(1913–1921) 9553:(1909–1912) 9547:(1905–1909) 9535:(1897–1899) 9529:(1893–1897) 9523:(1889–1893) 9505:(1877–1881) 9499:(1873–1875) 9493:(1869–1873) 9481:(1861–1865) 9475:(1857–1861) 9463:(1849–1850) 9457:(1845–1849) 9445:(1837–1841) 9439:(1833–1837) 9433:(1825–1832) 9427:(1817–1825) 9421:(1813–1814) 9415:(1805–1812) 9409:(1801–1805) 9403:(1797–1801) 9397:(1789–1797) 9098:Gerald Ford 8659:Vinnie Ream 8451:John Covode 8405:Impeachment 8335:Impeachment 8186:U.S. Senate 8022:1853, 1855 7867:Mrs. Harold 7831:Sam Johnson 7811:Henry Brown 7705:Andy's Trip 7434:(1865–1869) 6908:Foner, Eric 6886:Foner, Eric 6759:Works cited 6750:Gordon-Reed 6726:Gordon-Reed 6702:Castel 1979 6675:Castel 1979 6651:Castel 1979 6639:Castel 1979 6608:Castel 1979 6569:Castel 1979 6554:Castel 1979 6530:Gordon-Reed 6460:Castel 1979 6448:Castel 1979 6370:Castel 1979 6358:Castel 1979 6346:Gordon-Reed 6307:Castel 1979 6126:Castel 1979 6081:Castel 1979 6037:1700–1799: 6017:1634–1699: 6006:Castel 1979 5850:Castel 1979 5814:Castel 1979 5721:Gordon-Reed 5697:Gordon-Reed 5685:Castel 1979 5625:Castel 1979 5601:Castel 1979 5589:Castel 1979 5577:Castel 1979 5541:Castel 1979 5526:Castel 1979 5478:Castel 1979 5430:Castel 1979 5418:Castel 1979 5346:Castel 1979 5295:Castel 1979 5271:Castel 1979 5223:Castel 1979 5211:Castel 1979 5187:Gordon-Reed 5175:Gordon-Reed 5163:Gordon-Reed 5139:Gordon-Reed 5091:Gordon-Reed 5067:Castel 1979 5055:Gordon-Reed 5043:Castel 1979 5031:Gordon-Reed 4965:Gordon-Reed 4923:Gordon-Reed 4911:Gordon-Reed 4887:Gordon-Reed 4875:Castel 1979 4822:Gordon-Reed 4774:Castel 1979 4762:Gordon-Reed 4714:Gordon-Reed 4681:Castel 2002 4669:Gordon-Reed 4621:Gordon-Reed 4597:Gordon-Reed 4573:Castel 1979 4489:Gordon-Reed 4449:Gordon-Reed 4386:Gordon-Reed 4371:Castel 1979 4344:Gordon-Reed 4302:January 31, 4200:Gordon-Reed 4188:Gordon-Reed 4161:Gordon-Reed 4149:Gordon-Reed 4044:Gordon-Reed 4020:Gordon-Reed 3996:Gordon-Reed 3918:January 21, 3878:Castel 1979 3866:Gordon-Reed 3854:Gordon-Reed 3842:Gordon-Reed 3818:Gordon-Reed 3806:Gordon-Reed 3794:Gordon-Reed 3767:Gordon-Reed 3755:Gordon-Reed 3743:Gordon-Reed 3731:Gordon-Reed 3686:Castel 2002 3669:Gordon-Reed 3630:Castel 2002 3618:Gordon-Reed 3588:Gordon-Reed 3460:– 1942 film 3397:Fawn Brodie 3243: 1935 3202:; with his 3184:Thomas Nast 3096:Samuel Mudd 3023:John Catron 2871:James Speed 2678:Wake Island 2662:Crimean War 2645:accession, 2624:and editor 2586:James Dixon 2572:pro tempore 2397:Impeachment 2381:martial law 2298:White House 2270:Thomas Nast 2235:Black Codes 2179: 1880 1565:Howell Cobb 1507:Mexican War 1357:Sam Johnson 1168:Scots-Irish 1099:Black Codes 836:Impeachment 518:(1864–1868) 513:(1829–1835) 505:Independent 493:(from 1839) 397:Preceded by 344:Preceded by 297:Preceded by 245:Preceded by 210:Preceded by 163:Preceded by 112:Preceded by 17465:Categories 17301:President: 17258:Convention 17208:President: 17164:Convention 16934:Convention 16869:Convention 16775:Convention 16610:Gilded Age 16466:Eric Foner 16170:Cattellism 16067:Red Shirts 15182:Key events 14108:U.S. House 13841:Red Shirts 12650:Washington 12570:New Mexico 12565:New Jersey 12440:California 12251:Fahrenkopf 12246:Fahrenkopf 12167:Gabrielson 11777:Pennington 11767:Conference 11753:U.S. House 11574:J. P. Hale 11564:Conference 11539:G. W. Bush 11509:Eisenhower 11291:G. W. Bush 11271:G. W. Bush 11051:Eisenhower 11031:Eisenhower 10378:A. Jackson 10263:Whitthorne 10258:H. Jackson 10168:A. Jackson 9681:Mike Pence 9653:Dan Quayle 9449:John Tyler 9407:Aaron Burr 9395:John Adams 9298:G. W. Bush 9253:Eisenhower 9203:Washington 9194:Presidency 8818:John Tyler 8738:John Adams 8172:1865–1869 8114:1862–1865 8087:1853–1857 8045:Republican 8014:Democratic 7986:1843–1853 7773:(daughter) 7755:(daughter) 7651:Politics: 7520:Presidency 6714:Lafantasie 6480:HathiTrust 6254:, p. 5874:Ka Wai Ola 5319:Fitzgerald 5283:Fitzgerald 5235:Fitzgerald 5199:Fitzgerald 4475:, p. 3944:HathiTrust 3549:References 3535:ad interim 3369:Van Heflin 2570:president 2325:Eric Foner 2166:Background 2038:acclaimed 1774:John Brown 1750:the revolt 1573:Henry Clay 1526:Lewis Cass 1441:Whig Party 1437:Democratic 1295:Andrew Jr. 1057:Republican 784:Presidency 723:Early life 613:Politician 607:Profession 579:Andrew Jr. 491:Democratic 435:1808-12-29 17431:Tennessee 17395:Biography 16952:John Bell 16230:Aftermath 15941:Virginius 15877:Modoc War 13928:Elections 13873:Stalwarts 13831:Redeemers 13630:Congress 13359:President 12971:Primaries 12907:Factional 12837:Sectional 12674:Territory 12660:Wisconsin 12625:Tennessee 12530:Minnesota 12505:Louisiana 12406:territory 12404:state and 12291:Gillespie 12276:Nicholson 12212:R. Morton 12192:T. Morton 12077:Rosewater 12067:Hitchcock 12057:Cortelyou 11879:Longworth 11742:McConnell 11622:Gallinger 11479:Roosevelt 11400:primaries 11380:primaries 11360:primaries 11340:primaries 11320:primaries 11300:primaries 11280:primaries 11260:primaries 11240:primaries 11220:primaries 11200:primaries 11180:primaries 11160:primaries 11140:primaries 11120:primaries 11100:primaries 11091:Goldwater 11080:primaries 11060:primaries 11040:primaries 11020:primaries 11000:primaries 10980:primaries 10960:primaries 10940:primaries 10920:primaries 10900:primaries 10880:primaries 10860:primaries 10855:Fairbanks 10840:primaries 10805:Fairbanks 10801:Roosevelt 10792:Roosevelt 10633:primaries 10518:Alexander 10403:Nicholson 10358:Whiteside 10313:Blackburn 10293:Brock III 10233:Patterson 10208:Nicholson 10055:Sundquist 10050:McWherter 10045:Alexander 10030:Ellington 10020:Ellington 9990:McAlister 9975:A. Taylor 9955:Patterson 9935:R. Taylor 9920:R. Taylor 9855:Trousdale 9675:Joe Biden 9663:1993–2001 9196:timelines 9178:Joe Biden 9172:2017–2021 9162:2009–2017 9152:2001–2009 9142:1993–2001 9132:1989–1993 9122:1981–1989 9112:1977–1981 9102:1974–1977 9092:1969–1974 9082:1963–1969 9072:1961–1963 9062:1953–1961 9052:1945–1953 9042:1933–1945 9032:1929–1933 9022:1923–1929 9012:1921–1923 9002:1913–1921 8992:1909–1913 8982:1901–1909 8972:1897–1901 8962:1893–1897 8952:1889–1893 8942:1885–1889 8932:1881–1885 8912:1877–1881 8902:1869–1877 8892:1865–1869 8882:1861–1865 8872:1857–1861 8862:1853–1857 8852:1850–1853 8842:1849–1850 8832:1845–1849 8822:1841–1845 8802:1837–1841 8792:1829–1837 8782:1825–1829 8772:1817–1825 8762:1809–1817 8752:1801–1809 8742:1797–1801 8732:1789–1797 8369:Inquiries 8211:John Bell 7313:from the 6952:Salon.com 6888:(2002) . 6791:0002-8762 6738:Trefousse 6542:Trefousse 6518:Trefousse 6433:Trefousse 6382:Trefousse 6331:Trefousse 6319:Trefousse 6295:Trefousse 6280:Trefousse 6268:Trefousse 6165:Trefousse 6141:Trefousse 5928:719427962 5826:Trefousse 5757:Trefousse 5745:Trefousse 5709:Trefousse 5673:Trefousse 5661:Trefousse 5649:Trefousse 5514:Trefousse 5466:Trefousse 5454:Trefousse 5331:Trefousse 5259:Trefousse 5247:Trefousse 5151:Trefousse 5127:Trefousse 5115:Trefousse 5103:Trefousse 5079:Trefousse 5016:Trefousse 5004:Trefousse 4992:Trefousse 4977:Trefousse 4950:Trefousse 4935:Trefousse 4899:Trefousse 4846:Trefousse 4834:Trefousse 4810:Trefousse 4798:Trefousse 4786:Trefousse 4750:Trefousse 4726:Trefousse 4702:Trefousse 4657:Trefousse 4645:Trefousse 4633:Trefousse 4609:Trefousse 4585:Trefousse 4561:Trefousse 4549:Trefousse 4537:Trefousse 4525:Trefousse 4513:Trefousse 4501:Trefousse 4461:Trefousse 4425:Trefousse 4413:Trefousse 4401:Trefousse 4356:Trefousse 4332:Trefousse 4320:Trefousse 4279:Trefousse 4267:Trefousse 4255:Trefousse 4212:Trefousse 4176:Trefousse 4137:Trefousse 4125:Trefousse 4113:Trefousse 4089:Trefousse 4056:Trefousse 4032:Trefousse 4008:Trefousse 3984:Trefousse 3890:Trefousse 3830:Trefousse 3782:Trefousse 3719:Trefousse 3603:Trefousse 3571:Trefousse 3554:Citations 3533:Replaced 3317:Scalawags 3224:despotism 3029:, to the 2763:President 2577:lame duck 2072:Accession 2030:Hung over 1809:John Bell 1716:plebeians 1640:John Bell 1433:Nashville 1233:Knoxville 1139:Childhood 1041:Civil War 654:1862–1865 624:Signature 387:In office 334:In office 277:In office 235:In office 200:In office 192:Tennessee 154:President 145:In office 135:16th 88:In office 78:17th 62:Portrait 17443:Politics 17407:Clothing 17267:Nominees 17173:Nominees 17022:Nominees 16943:Nominees 16878:Nominees 16784:Nominees 16708:Category 16676:Suffrage 15611:Timeline 13826:Scalawag 13804:Freedman 12996:Trumpism 12851:Chairmen 12768:Factions 12730:Congress 12645:Virginia 12595:Oklahoma 12575:New York 12550:Nebraska 12540:Missouri 12525:Michigan 12515:Maryland 12500:Kentucky 12480:Illinois 12455:Delaware 12445:Colorado 12435:Arkansas 12325:McDaniel 12301:Martínez 12237:Richards 12152:Brownell 12147:Spangler 12132:Hamilton 12127:Fletcher 12037:Campbell 12032:Clarkson 12002:Chandler 11945:McCarthy 11921:Gingrich 11760:Speakers 11688:Knowland 11497:Coolidge 11473:McKinley 11467:Harrison 11455:Garfield 10891:Coolidge 10875:Coolidge 10788:McKinley 10775:McKinley 10762:Harrison 10749:Harrison 10723:Garfield 10622:national 10513:Thompson 10503:Gore Jr. 10483:Kefauver 10393:Jarnagin 10373:Williams 10363:Campbell 10288:Gore Sr. 10283:McKellar 10238:Brownlow 10183:Campbell 10097:Category 10060:Bredesen 10010:Browning 9995:Browning 9940:McMillin 9925:Buchanan 9895:J. Brown 9885:Brownlow 9860:Campbell 9850:N. Brown 9845:A. Brown 9707:Category 9331:Category 9233:Coolidge 9208:McKinley 8359:Timeline 7931:Category 7375:LibriVox 7248:(2021). 7220:ProQuest 7136:(2019). 7112:(1989). 7067:(2009). 6987:(1904). 6963:(1960). 6926:(2011). 6823:(1979). 6809:(1973). 6503:July 18, 6400:July 10, 6042:(1992). 6022:(1997). 5966:40890919 5944:(1999). 5882:Archived 4242:Archived 3936:(1928). 3421:See also 3350:'s 1913 1977:southern 1652:nativist 1333:Florence 1289:(1832), 1285:(1830), 1281:(1828), 1179:for the 1172:Scottish 1053:enslaved 1029:Democrat 925:Cemetery 892:election 866:Timeline 552:Children 380:district 17419:History 17369:Portals 16301:Aspects 15700:Alabama 15366:Address 15189:Prelude 14145:1876–77 14140:1874–75 14135:1872–73 14130:1870–71 14125:1868–69 14120:1866–67 14115:1864–65 14099:1876–77 14094:1874–75 14089:1872–73 14084:1870–71 14079:1868–69 14074:1866–67 14069:1864–65 13355:Cabinet 12976:Debates 12964:Related 12665:Wyoming 12640:Vermont 12545:Montana 12485:Indiana 12465:Georgia 12460:Florida 12430:Arizona 12420:Alabama 12400:Parties 12330:Whatley 12320:Priebus 12296:Mehlman 12286:Racicot 12281:Gilmore 12271:Barbour 12261:Yeutter 12256:Atwater 12177:Roberts 12122:Sanders 12007:Cameron 11992:Claflin 11982:Raymond 11953:(2023–) 11951:Johnson 11933:Boehner 11927:Hastert 11897:Halleck 11873:Gillett 11807:McCrary 11795:Pomeroy 11755:leaders 11744:(2007–) 11712:Stevens 11694:Dirksen 11676:Bridges 11610:E. Hale 11604:Allison 11598:Sherman 11592:Edmunds 11586:Sherman 11580:Anthony 11558:leaders 11491:Harding 11437:Johnson 11431:Lincoln 10995:Bricker 10971:Willkie 10871:Harding 10831:Sherman 10818:Sherman 10714:Wheeler 10675:Johnson 10671:Lincoln 10658:Lincoln 10645:Frémont 10617:tickets 10578:History 10523:Hagerty 10508:Mathews 10488:Walters 10478:Stewart 10468:Bachman 10458:Brock I 10448:Shields 10438:Sanders 10428:Carmack 10368:Wharton 10331:Class 2 10273:Frazier 10243:Johnson 10228:Johnson 10156:Class 1 10040:Blanton 10025:Clement 10015:Clement 9970:Roberts 9945:Frazier 9910:Hawkins 9875:Johnson 9865:Johnson 9825:Carroll 9815:Houston 9810:Carroll 9717:Commons 9659:Al Gore 9293:Clinton 9258:Kennedy 9228:Harding 8048:nominee 7850:Related 7322:, from 7255:excerpt 7224:EP36186 6799:1854452 6252:Smalley 6153:Stewart 5838:Stewart 5799:June 7, 5769:Stewart 5733:Stewart 5637:Stewart 5613:Stewart 5565:Stewart 5553:Stewart 5502:Stewart 5490:Stewart 5442:Stewart 5394:Stewart 5370:Stewart 5307:Stewart 4738:Johnson 4473:Smalley 3165:cholera 3148:for an 3135:by the 2694:Alabama 2682:in 1898 2518:summons 1832:of the 1516:In the 1426:colonel 1412:in the 1337:William 1283:Charles 1164:English 1035:on the 861:Efforts 588:Parents 564:Charles 546: 534: 17350:Senate 17097:Senate 16593:Legacy 16585:(2001) 16572:(1939) 16559:(1915) 16546:(1905) 16538:(1902) 16525:(1876) 16509:Memory 16501:(2019) 16493:(2003) 16475:(1988) 16462:(1979) 16449:(1965) 16441:(1947) 16428:(1963) 16405:(1935) 16355:(1929) 16342:(1888) 16329:(1874) 16284:(1903) 16271:(1898) 16263:(1896) 16255:(1883) 16247:(1883) 16239:(1878) 15943:Affair 15702:Claims 15259:(1862) 15238:(1850) 15232:(1848) 15226:(1839) 15218:(1838) 15210:(1792) 13787:Others 13528:(1865) 12909:groups 12839:groups 12801:groups 12600:Oregon 12555:Nevada 12495:Kansas 12470:Hawaii 12425:Alaska 12315:Steele 12310:Duncan 12305:Duncan 12242:Laxalt 12197:Miller 12187:Alcorn 12137:Martin 12112:Huston 12102:Butler 12087:Wilcox 12082:Hilles 12042:Carter 12012:Jewell 11997:Morgan 11977:Morgan 11970:Chairs 11915:Michel 11909:Rhodes 11891:Martin 11861:Cannon 11831:Cannon 11825:Keifer 11801:Blaine 11797:(1869) 11789:Colfax 11769:chairs 11684:(1953) 11670:Wherry 11658:McNary 11652:Austin 11646:McNary 11640:Watson 11634:Curtis 11616:Cullom 11566:chairs 11527:Reagan 11503:Hoover 11461:Arthur 11457:(1881) 11331:Romney 11311:McCain 11295:Cheney 11275:Cheney 11235:Quayle 11215:Quayle 11191:Reagan 11171:Reagan 11095:Miller 11015:Warren 10975:McNary 10951:Landon 10935:Curtis 10931:Hoover 10915:Curtis 10911:Hoover 10851:Hughes 10835:Butler 10779:Hobart 10753:Morton 10736:Blaine 10727:Arthur 10701:Wilson 10688:Colfax 10662:Hamlin 10649:Dayton 10433:Taylor 10423:Turley 10418:Harris 10413:Cooper 10408:Fowler 10338:Blount 10308:Corker 10298:Sasser 10253:Bailey 10218:Turney 10213:Foster 10203:Grundy 10198:Foster 10193:Grundy 10065:Haslam 10005:McCord 10000:Cooper 9985:Horton 9960:Hooper 9930:Turney 9900:Porter 9890:Senter 9870:Harris 9830:Cannon 9805:McMinn 9800:Blount 9795:Sevier 9785:Sevier 9595:(1945) 9541:(1901) 9517:(1885) 9511:(1881) 9487:(1865) 9469:(1853) 9451:(1841) 9283:Reagan 9278:Carter 9248:Truman 9238:Hoover 9223:Wilson 8124:Acting 7799:Slaves 7749:(wife) 7740:Family 7732:(1942) 7724:(1867) 7716:(1867) 7708:(1866) 7615:Vetoes 7445:(1865) 7324:C-SPAN 7222: 7144: 7122: 7091:online 7075: 7053: 7032: 7011: 6973: 6934: 6896: 6874: 6855: 6833: 6797: 6789: 6627:Tolson 6596:Rhodes 6235: 6205: 6109: 5989: 5964: 5954: 5926: 5916: 4234: 3967: 3652: 3307:, and 2747:Office 2696:Claims 2608:, and 1404:which 1291:Robert 1279:Martha 1259:Locket 1177:porter 1170:, and 938:Family 733:Legacy 616:tailor 574:Robert 559:Martha 540: 523:Spouse 470:Stroke 461:, U.S. 444:, U.S. 17345:House 17092:House 15026:1876 14964:1875 14892:1874 14835:1873 14748:1872 14681:1871 14614:1870 14547:1869 14465:1868 14413:1867 14351:1866 14294:1865 14232:1864 14160:1863 12630:Texas 12510:Maine 12475:Idaho 12413:State 12232:Brock 12227:Smith 12207:Bliss 12202:Burch 12162:Scott 12157:Reece 12142:Walsh 12097:Adams 12052:Payne 12047:Hanna 12022:Jones 12017:Sabin 11885:Snell 11736:Frist 11718:Baker 11706:Baker 11700:Scott 11664:White 11628:Lodge 11545:Trump 11515:Nixon 11449:Hayes 11443:Grant 11395:Vance 11391:Trump 11375:Pence 11371:Trump 11355:Pence 11351:Trump 11315:Palin 11135:Agnew 11131:Nixon 11115:Agnew 11111:Nixon 11075:Lodge 11071:Nixon 11055:Nixon 11035:Nixon 11011:Dewey 10991:Dewey 10895:Dawes 10740:Logan 10710:Hayes 10697:Grant 10684:Grant 10498:Baker 10473:Berry 10453:Tyson 10383:White 10353:Smith 10348:Cocke 10303:Frist 10223:Jones 10188:Eaton 10173:Smith 10163:Cocke 9905:Marks 9840:Jones 9790:Roane 9313:Biden 9308:Trump 9303:Obama 9268:Nixon 8648:Other 8145:1865 7980:from 7791:(son) 7785:(son) 7767:(son) 7625:Trial 6795:JSTOR 6663:Beale 6584:Beale 6049:(PDF) 6029:(PDF) 5885:(PDF) 5870:(PDF) 5406:Foner 5382:Foner 5358:Foner 4858:Foner 3465:Notes 3230:Death 2497:, by 2353:Jesus 1365:Henry 1325:Dolly 920:Death 898:1868 883:1864 851:Trial 744:15th 544:) 536:( 532: 324:15th 190:from 17142:) 16753:) 16194:1877 16121:1876 16048:1875 15972:1874 15911:1873 15860:1872 15799:1871 15748:1870 15682:1869 15589:1868 15516:1867 15429:1866 15349:1865 15323:1864 15272:1863 15169:1876 15164:1874 15159:1872 15154:1870 15149:1868 15144:1866 15139:1864 15050:Nov. 15042:Apr. 14021:1876 13987:1872 13968:1868 13944:1864 13190:1864 13163:1860 13149:1856 13122:1852 13108:1848 13081:1844 13067:1840 12691:Guam 12635:Utah 12590:Ohio 12490:Iowa 12386:2024 12381:2023 12376:2021 12371:2019 12366:2017 12361:2015 12356:2013 12351:2011 12346:2009 12266:Bond 12222:Bush 12217:Dole 12182:Hall 12117:Fess 12107:Work 12092:Hays 12072:Hill 12027:Quay 11987:Ward 11939:Ryan 11903:Ford 11867:Mann 11849:Reed 11837:Reed 11819:Frye 11813:Hale 11783:Grow 11730:Lott 11724:Dole 11682:Taft 11521:Ford 11485:Taft 11335:Ryan 11255:Kemp 11251:Dole 11155:Dole 11151:Ford 10955:Knox 10827:Taft 10814:Taft 10766:Reid 10493:Bass 10463:Hull 10443:Webb 10398:Bell 10268:Bate 10107:List 10035:Dunn 9980:Peay 9915:Bate 9880:East 9835:Polk 9820:Hall 9773:list 9727:List 9341:List 9273:Ford 9218:Taft 8922:1881 8812:1841 8337:and 8054:1864 7568:1868 7563:1867 7558:1866 7459:15th 7440:16th 7429:17th 7142:ISBN 7120:ISBN 7073:ISBN 7051:ISBN 7030:ISBN 7009:ISBN 6996:and 6971:ISBN 6932:ISBN 6894:ISBN 6872:ISBN 6853:ISBN 6831:ISBN 6787:ISSN 6505:2023 6402:2023 6233:ISBN 6203:ISBN 6107:ISBN 6068:2024 5987:ISBN 5962:OCLC 5952:ISBN 5924:OCLC 5914:ISBN 5893:2020 5801:2019 4304:2024 4232:ISBN 3965:ISBN 3920:2022 3650:ISBN 2968:1865 2784:none 2753:Term 2750:Name 2405:and 2197:it. 1952:1864 1709:Whig 1663:1856 1593:1852 1335:and 1287:Mary 1088:1864 659:Rank 569:Mary 542:1827 449:Died 429:Born 105:None 15048:CT 15040:CT 14031:RNC 14026:DNC 13997:RNC 13992:DNC 13978:RNC 13973:DNC 13949:DNC 13357:of 12062:New 11962:RNC 11764:and 11561:and 10628:and 10278:Lea 10248:Key 10070:Lee 9965:Rye 9950:Cox 8341:of 7373:at 7364:at 7326:'s 6779:doi 6103:160 3537:by 3342:'s 2732:BEP 2098:by 1799:in 1780:at 1722:." 1341:Sam 1329:Liz 1247:to 1151:in 377:1st 17467:: 17343:: 17090:: 15121:WV 15116:VT 15111:SC 15106:RI 15101:NC 15096:MO 15091:MI 15086:ME 15081:MA 15076:LA 15071:KS 15066:IN 15061:IL 15056:FL 15035:CO 15030:AL 15018:WI 15013:OH 15008:OH 15003:MN 14998:ME 14993:MD 14988:MA 14983:KY 14978:IA 14973:CT 14968:CA 14956:VT 14951:SC 14946:OR 14941:NV 14936:NJ 14931:MO 14926:MI 14921:ME 14916:MA 14911:KS 14906:DE 14901:CT 14896:AL 14884:WI 14879:VA 14874:TX 14869:OH 14864:MS 14859:MN 14854:ME 14849:MA 14844:IA 14839:CT 14827:WV 14822:VT 14817:SC 14812:RI 14807:PA 14802:NC 14797:MO 14792:MI 14787:ME 14782:MA 14777:LA 14772:IN 14767:IL 14762:FL 14757:CT 14752:AL 14740:WI 14735:RI 14730:OH 14725:NJ 14720:MN 14715:ME 14710:MD 14705:MA 14700:KY 14695:IA 14690:CT 14685:CA 14673:WV 14668:VT 14663:SC 14658:RI 14653:OR 14648:MO 14643:MI 14638:ME 14633:MA 14628:DE 14623:CT 14618:AL 14606:WI 14601:VT 14596:VA 14591:RI 14586:PA 14581:OH 14576:MS 14571:MN 14566:ME 14561:MA 14556:IA 14551:CT 14539:WV 14534:VT 14529:SC 14524:NJ 14519:NC 14514:MO 14509:MI 14504:ME 14499:MA 14494:LA 14489:IN 14484:IL 14479:FL 14474:CT 14469:AL 14457:WI 14452:VT 14447:OH 14442:MN 14437:ME 14432:MD 14427:MA 14422:CT 14417:CA 14405:WV 14400:VT 14395:TX 14390:PA 14385:OR 14380:NC 14375:MI 14370:ME 14365:MA 14360:DE 14355:CT 14343:WI 14338:VT 14333:SC 14328:OH 14323:NJ 14318:MN 14313:MA 14308:LA 14303:FL 14298:CT 14286:WV 14281:VT 14276:NH 14271:MO 14266:MI 14261:MA 14256:MD 14251:LA 14246:IN 14241:IL 14236:CT 14224:WV 14219:WI 14214:VT 14209:VA 14204:PA 14199:OH 14194:NH 14189:MN 14184:MA 14179:KY 14174:CT 14169:CA 14164:AL 13669:45 13664:44 13659:43 13654:42 13649:41 13644:40 13639:39 13634:38 12402:by 11389:: 11369:: 11349:: 11329:: 11309:: 11289:: 11269:: 11249:: 11229:: 11209:: 11189:: 11169:: 11149:: 11129:: 11109:: 11089:: 11069:: 11049:: 11029:: 11009:: 10989:: 10969:: 10949:: 10929:: 10909:: 10889:: 10869:: 10849:: 10825:: 10812:: 10799:: 10786:: 10773:: 10760:: 10747:: 10734:: 10721:: 10708:: 10695:: 10682:: 10669:: 10656:: 10643:: 8213:, 7344:– 7304:– 7286:. 7100:. 6949:. 6914:. 6793:. 6785:. 6775:45 6773:. 6682:^ 6615:^ 6576:^ 6561:^ 6496:. 6440:^ 6418:. 6338:^ 6287:^ 6256:80 6217:^ 6180:. 6133:^ 6105:. 6051:. 6031:. 5960:. 5922:. 5880:. 5878:21 5872:. 5788:. 5533:^ 5338:^ 5023:^ 4984:^ 4957:^ 4942:^ 4865:^ 4477:35 4393:^ 4378:^ 4363:^ 4312:^ 4294:. 4240:. 4168:^ 4072:. 3910:. 3897:^ 3774:^ 3676:^ 3610:^ 3595:^ 3578:^ 3561:^ 3261:. 3240:c. 3160:. 3106:. 2604:, 2600:, 2596:, 2592:, 2588:, 2540:, 2176:c. 2042:. 1954:. 1815:. 1545:. 1493:, 1331:, 1309:. 1166:, 1090:. 538:m. 64:c. 17371:: 17260:) 17256:( 17166:) 17162:( 17150:) 17146:( 17138:( 17131:e 17124:t 17117:v 17015:) 17011:( 16936:) 16932:( 16871:) 16867:( 16777:) 16773:( 16761:) 16757:( 16749:( 16742:e 16735:t 16728:v 13573:e 13566:t 13559:v 13347:e 13340:t 13333:v 13192:) 13188:( 13184:/ 13165:) 13161:( 13157:/ 13151:) 13147:( 13143:/ 13124:) 13120:( 13116:/ 13110:) 13106:( 13102:/ 13083:) 13079:( 13075:/ 13069:) 13065:( 13061:/ 13030:e 13023:t 13016:v 12303:/ 12244:/ 11762:, 11757:, 11393:/ 11373:/ 11353:/ 11333:/ 11313:/ 11293:/ 11273:/ 11253:/ 11233:/ 11213:/ 11193:/ 11173:/ 11153:/ 11133:/ 11113:/ 11093:/ 11073:/ 11053:/ 11033:/ 11013:/ 10993:/ 10973:/ 10953:/ 10933:/ 10913:/ 10893:/ 10873:/ 10853:/ 10833:/ 10829:/ 10816:/ 10803:/ 10790:/ 10777:/ 10764:/ 10751:/ 10738:/ 10725:/ 10712:/ 10699:/ 10686:/ 10673:/ 10660:/ 10647:/ 10626:, 10619:, 10557:e 10550:t 10543:v 10141:e 10134:t 10127:v 9775:) 9771:( 9761:e 9754:t 9747:v 9665:) 9661:( 9375:e 9368:t 9361:v 9184:) 9180:( 9174:) 9170:( 9164:) 9160:( 9154:) 9150:( 9144:) 9140:( 9134:) 9130:( 9124:) 9120:( 9114:) 9110:( 9104:) 9100:( 9094:) 9090:( 9084:) 9080:( 9074:) 9070:( 9064:) 9060:( 9054:) 9050:( 9044:) 9040:( 9034:) 9030:( 9024:) 9020:( 9014:) 9010:( 9004:) 9000:( 8994:) 8990:( 8984:) 8980:( 8974:) 8970:( 8964:) 8960:( 8954:) 8950:( 8944:) 8940:( 8934:) 8930:( 8924:) 8920:( 8914:) 8910:( 8904:) 8900:( 8894:) 8890:( 8884:) 8880:( 8874:) 8870:( 8864:) 8860:( 8854:) 8850:( 8844:) 8840:( 8834:) 8830:( 8824:) 8820:( 8814:) 8810:( 8804:) 8800:( 8794:) 8790:( 8784:) 8780:( 8774:) 8770:( 8764:) 8760:( 8754:) 8750:( 8744:) 8740:( 8734:) 8730:( 8702:e 8695:t 8688:v 8327:e 8320:t 8313:v 7409:e 7402:t 7395:v 7292:. 7252:. 7241:. 7234:. 7226:. 7194:. 7186:. 7150:. 7128:. 7104:. 7081:. 7059:. 7038:. 7017:. 6979:. 6955:. 6940:. 6918:. 6902:. 6880:. 6861:. 6839:. 6801:. 6781:: 6716:. 6692:. 6629:. 6507:. 6482:. 6404:. 6258:. 6241:. 6211:. 6115:. 6070:. 6055:. 6035:. 5995:. 5968:. 5930:. 5895:. 5803:. 5782:" 4479:. 4306:. 4078:. 3973:. 3946:. 3922:. 3708:. 3658:. 3515:. 3502:. 1001:e 994:t 987:v 437:) 433:( 41:. 34:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.