William McKinley - Knowledge

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nations. Controversy and public interest surrounded Roosevelt throughout the seven and a half years of his presidency as memories of McKinley faded; by 1920, according to Gould, McKinley's administration was deemed no more than "a mediocre prelude to the vigor and energy of Theodore Roosevelt's." Beginning in the 1950s, McKinley received more favorable evaluations; nevertheless, in surveys ranking American presidents, he has generally been placed near the middle, often trailing contemporaries such as Hayes and Cleveland. Morgan suggests that this relatively low ranking is the result of a perception among historians that while many decisions during McKinley's presidency profoundly affected the nation's future, he more followed public opinion than led it, and that McKinley's standing has suffered from altered public expectations of the presidency.

2639:. Sherman had an outstanding reputation, but old age was fast reducing his abilities. McKinley needed to have Hanna appointed to the Senate, so Senator Sherman was moved up. Sherman's mental faculties were decaying even in 1896; this was widely spoken of in political circles, but McKinley did not believe the rumors. Nevertheless, McKinley sent his cousin, William McKinley Osborne, to have dinner with the 73-year-old senator; he reported back that Sherman seemed as lucid as ever. McKinley wrote once the appointment was announced, "the stories regarding Senator Sherman's 'mental decay' are without foundation ... When I saw him last I was convinced both of his perfect health, physically and mentally, and that the prospects of life were remarkably good." 3570: 3497: 2337: 2486: 13379: 3692: 2163:, Robert Walker, had lent money to McKinley in their younger days; in gratitude, McKinley had often guaranteed Walker's borrowings for his business. The governor had never kept track of what he was signing; he believed Walker a sound businessman. In fact, Walker had deceived McKinley, telling him that new notes were actually renewals of matured ones. Walker was ruined by the recession; McKinley was called upon for repayment in February 1893. The total owed was over $ 100,000 (equivalent to $ 3.4 million in 2023) and a despairing McKinley initially proposed to resign as governor and earn the money as an attorney. Instead, McKinley's wealthy supporters, including Hanna and Chicago publisher 2301:, sought to elect delegates pledged to vote for McKinley at the national convention in St. Louis. Cullom proved unable to stand against McKinley despite the support of local Republican machines; at the state convention at the end of April, McKinley completed a near-sweep of Illinois' delegates. Former president Harrison had been deemed a possible contender if he entered the race; when Harrison made it known he would not seek a third nomination, the McKinley organization took control of Indiana with a speed Harrison privately found unseemly. Morton operatives who journeyed to Indiana sent word back that they had found the state alive for McKinley. Wyoming Senator 3649: 2766:. As war engulfed the island, Spanish reprisals against the rebels grew ever harsher. American public opinion favored the rebels, and McKinley shared in their outrage against Spanish policies. However while public opinion called for war to liberate Cuba, McKinley favored a peaceful approach, hoping that through negotiation, Spain might be convinced to grant Cuba independence, or at least to allow the Cubans some measure of autonomy. The United States and Spain began negotiations on the subject in 1897, but it became clear that Spain would never concede Cuban independence, while the rebels (and their American supporters) would never settle for anything less. 2167:, became trustees of a fund from which the notes would be paid. Both William and Ida McKinley placed their property in the hands of the fund's trustees (who included Hanna and Kohlsaat), and the supporters raised and contributed a substantial sum of money. All of the couple's property was returned to them by the end of 1893, and when McKinley, who had promised eventual repayment, asked for the list of contributors, it was refused him. Many people who had suffered in the hard times sympathized with McKinley, whose popularity grew. He was easily re-elected in November 1893, receiving the largest percentage of the vote of any Ohio governor since the Civil War. 14394: 14161: 13913: 2995: 1077: 3667: 2082: 800: 3184: 8398: 2895: 3732: 3430:

Leech noted "the circuitous journey was a cruel ordeal for the woman who huddled in a compartment of the funeral train, praying that the Lord would take her with her Dearest Love." She was thought too weak to attend the services in Washington or Canton, although she listened at the door to the service for her husband in her house on North Market Street. She remained in Canton for the remainder of her life, setting up a shrine in her house and often visiting the receiving vault, until her death at age 59 on May 26, 1907. She died only months before the completion of

2044: 589: 16255: 8263: 3208:; they fought bravely in Cuba, and Roosevelt returned home covered in glory. Elected governor of New York on a reform platform in 1898, Roosevelt had his eye on the presidency. Many supporters recommended him to McKinley for the second spot on the ticket, and Roosevelt believed it would be an excellent stepping stone to the presidency in 1904. McKinley remained uncommitted in public, but Hanna was firmly opposed to the New York governor. The Ohio senator considered the New Yorker overly impulsive; his stance was undermined by the efforts of 2935: 12616: 2005:, who was elected president. In the bitterness that followed the convention, Hanna abandoned Foraker. For the rest of McKinley's life, the Ohio Republican Party was divided into two factions, one aligned with McKinley, Sherman, and Hanna, and the other with Foraker. Hanna came to admire McKinley and became a friend and close adviser to him. Although Hanna remained active in business and in promoting other Republicans, in the years after 1888, he spent an increasing amount of time boosting McKinley's political career. 2393: 51: 2148:, requiring him to play a public, neutral role. Hanna established an unofficial McKinley headquarters near the convention hall, though no active effort was made to convert delegates to McKinley's cause. McKinley objected to delegate votes being cast for him; nevertheless he finished second, behind the renominated Harrison, but ahead of Blaine, who had sent word he did not want to be considered. Although McKinley campaigned loyally for the Republican ticket, Harrison was defeated by former President Cleveland in 2110:

against Campbell, beginning in his birthplace of Niles. Hanna, however, was little seen in the campaign; he spent much of his time raising funds for the election of legislators pledged to vote for Sherman in the 1892 senatorial election. (State legislators still elected US Senators.) McKinley won the 1891 election by some 20,000 votes; the following January, Sherman, with considerable assistance from Hanna, turned back a challenge by Foraker to win the legislature's vote for another term in the US Senate.

8229: 2199: 2068:. Based on past results, Democrats thought the new boundaries should produce a Democratic majority of 2,000 to 3,000. The Republicans could not reverse the gerrymander, as legislative elections would not be held until 1891, but they could throw all their energies into the district. The McKinley Tariff was a main theme of the Democratic campaign nationwide, and there was considerable attention paid to McKinley's race. The Republican Party sent its leading orators to Canton, including Blaine (then 626: 16303: 1901:

people, the influence of those 63,000,000 of people elevates the rest of the world. We cannot take a step in the pathway of progress without benefiting mankind everywhere. Well, they say, "Buy where you can buy the cheapest" ... Of course, that applies to labor as to everything else. Let me give you a maxim that is a thousand times better than that, and it is the protection maxim: "Buy where you can pay the easiest." And that spot of earth is where labor wins its highest rewards.

2957:. There was strong American support for annexation, and the need for Pacific bases in wartime became clear after the Battle of Manila. McKinley came to office as a supporter of annexation, and lobbied Congress to act, warning that to do nothing would invite a royalist counter-revolution or a Japanese takeover. Foreseeing difficulty in getting two-thirds of the Senate to approve a treaty of annexation, McKinley instead supported the effort of Democratic Representative 8391: 3034:, which the two nations signed in 1850, prohibited either from establishing exclusive control over a canal there. The war had exposed the difficulty of maintaining a two-ocean navy when the Navy had to sail all the way around South America to reach the Pacific. Now, with American business and military interests even more involved in Asia, a canal seemed more essential than ever, and McKinley pressed for a renegotiation of the treaty. Hay and the British ambassador, 2554: 16279: 2256: 16291: 3312: 3169:. He also visited Confederate memorials. In his tour of the South, McKinley did not mention the racial tensions or violence. Although the president received a rapturous reception from Southern whites, many blacks, excluded from official welcoming committees, felt alienated by the president's words and actions. Gould concluded regarding race, "McKinley lacked the vision to transcend the biases of his day and to point toward a better future for all Americans". 9710: 8641: 2040:; he won anyway, causing Hayes to exult, "Oh, the good luck of McKinley! He was gerrymandered out and then beat the gerrymander! We enjoyed it as much as he did." After the 1882 election, McKinley was unseated on an election contest by a near party-line House vote. Out of office, he was briefly depressed by the setback, but soon vowed to run again. The Democrats again redistricted Stark County for the 1884 election; McKinley was returned to Congress anyway. 1810:, a daughter of a prominent Canton family. They were married on January 25, 1871, in the newly built First Presbyterian Church of Canton. Ida soon joined her husband's Methodist church. Their first child, Katherine, was born on Christmas Day 1871. A second daughter, Ida, followed in 1873 but died the same year. McKinley's wife descended into a deep depression at her baby's death and her health, never robust, declined. Two years later, Katherine died of 3300: 3113: 3055: 2610: 1569: 1750: 3038:, agreed that the United States could control a future canal, provided that it was open to all shipping and not fortified. McKinley was satisfied with the terms, but the Senate rejected them, demanding that the United States be allowed to fortify the canal. Hay was embarrassed by the rebuff and offered his resignation, but McKinley refused it and ordered him to continue negotiations to achieve the Senate's demands. He was successful, and 2458: 2853:, the power to set up legal systems and raise taxes—necessities for a long occupation. By the time the troops arrived in the Philippines at the end of June 1898, McKinley had decided that Spain would be required to surrender the archipelago to the United States. He professed to be open to all views on the subject; however, he believed that as the war progressed, the public would come to demand retention of the islands as a prize of war. 2114: 9720: 3018:. The westerners were rescued the next month, but several Congressional Democrats objected to McKinley dispatching troops without consulting the legislature. McKinley's actions set a precedent that led to most of his successors exerting similar independent control over the military. After the rebellion ended, the United States reaffirmed its commitment to the Open Door policy, which became the basis of American policy toward China. 16267: 12623: 3476: 3459: 3442: 8248: 3257: 2736: 1560:, one of the bloodiest battles of the war. The 23rd was in the thick of the fighting at Antietam, and McKinley came under heavy fire when bringing rations to the men on the line. McKinley's regiment suffered many casualties, but the Army of the Potomac was victorious, and the Confederates retreated into Virginia. McKinley's regiment was detached from the Army of the Potomac and returned by train to western Virginia. 3240:

imperialism issue was less sure, so they focused on the issue of trusts and corporate power, painting McKinley as the servant of capital and big business. As in 1896, Bryan embarked on a speaking tour around the country while McKinley stayed at home, this time making only one speech, to accept his nomination. Roosevelt emerged as the campaign's primary speaker and Hanna helped the cause working to settle a

1742: 2926:, and Spain relinquished its claims to Cuba; in exchange, the United States agreed to pay Spain $ 20 million (equivalent to $ 732 million in 2023). McKinley had difficulty convincing the Senate to approve the treaty by the requisite two-thirds vote, but his lobbying, and that of Vice President Hobart, eventually saw success, as the Senate voted in favor on February 6, 1899, 57 to 27. 2478:

their spokesman addressed McKinley. The candidate then responded, speaking on campaign issues in a speech molded to suit the interest of the delegation. The speeches were carefully scripted to avoid extemporaneous remarks; even the spokesman's remarks were approved by McKinley or a representative. This was done as the candidate feared an offhand comment by another that might rebound on him, as

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gave McKinley the nomination, which he celebrated by hugging his wife and mother as his friends fled the house, anticipating the first of many crowds that gathered at the Republican candidate's home. Thousands of partisans came from Canton and surrounding towns that evening to hear McKinley speak from his front porch. The convention nominated Republican National Committee vice chairman

3592:. Kenneth F. Warren emphasizes the national commitment to a pro-business, industrial, and modernizing program represented by McKinley. Historian Daniel P. Klinghard argued that McKinley's personal control of the 1896 campaign gave him the opportunity to reshape the presidency—rather than simply follow the party platform—by representing himself as the voice of the people. Republican 1445: 1327: 1945: 16243: 3633:. Morgan sees that historical discussion as a subset of the debate over the rise of America as a world power; he expects the debate over McKinley's actions to continue indefinitely without resolution, and notes that however one judges McKinley's actions in American expansion, one of his motivations was to change the lives of Filipinos and Cubans for the better. 2386:. Bryan's financial radicalism shocked bankers—they thought his inflationary program would bankrupt the railroads and ruin the economy. Hanna approached them for support for his strategy to win the election, and they gave $ 3.5 million for speakers and over 200 million pamphlets advocating the Republican position on the money and tariff questions. 2133:, its governor was a major figure in national politics. Although McKinley believed that the health of the nation depended on that of business, he was evenhanded in dealing with labor. He procured legislation that set up an arbitration board to settle work disputes and obtained passage of a law that fined employers who fired workers for belonging to a union. 3422:, many having waited hours in the rain. In Canton, an equal number did the same at the Stark County Courthouse on September 18. The following day, a funeral service was held at the First Methodist Church. The casket was next sealed and taken to the McKinley house, where relatives paid their final respects. It was then transported to the receiving vault at 3161:, "Before the Spanish–American War, the Negroes, in spite of some mistakes, regarded McKinley as the best friend they ever had." Under pressure from black leaders, McKinley required the War Department to commission black officers above the rank of lieutenant. McKinley toured the South in late 1898, promoting sectional reconciliation. He visited 2093:. To drive their point home, they hired young partisans to pretend to be peddlers, who went door to door offering 25-cent tinware to housewives for 50 cents, explaining the rise in prices was due to the McKinley Tariff. In the end, McKinley lost by 300 votes, but the Republicans won a statewide majority and claimed a moral victory. 3147:, the following year, were assaulted, McKinley issued no statement of condemnation. Although black leaders criticized McKinley for inaction, supporters responded by saying there was little that the president could do to intervene. Critics replied by saying that he could at least publicly condemn such events, as Harrison had done. 1683:. The next day, they moved north up the valley into winter quarters near Kernstown. In February 1865, Crook was captured by Confederate raiders. Crook's capture added to the confusion as the army was reorganized for the spring campaign, and McKinley served on the staffs of four different generals over the next fifteen days—Crook, 3477: 3460: 3443: 2590:. Phillips argues that McKinley was probably the only Republican who could have defeated Bryan—he concludes that Eastern candidates would have done badly against the Illinois-born Bryan in the crucial Midwest. While Bryan was popular among rural voters, "McKinley appealed to a very different industrialized, urbanized America." 3478: 3461: 3444: 2175:, and a Republican legislature that elected Foraker to the Senate. McKinley supported Foraker for the Senate and Bushnell (who was of Foraker's faction) for governor; in return, the new senator-elect agreed to back McKinley's presidential ambitions. With party peace in Ohio assured, McKinley turned to the national arena. 3285:. However, the first lady fell ill in California, causing her husband to limit his public events and cancel a series of speeches he had planned to give urging trade reciprocity. He also postponed the visit to the fair until September, planning a month in Washington and two in Canton before the Buffalo visit. 2803:. As pressure for war mounted in Congress, McKinley continued to negotiate for Cuban independence. Spain refused McKinley's proposals, and on April 11, McKinley turned the matter over to Congress. He did not ask for war, but Congress made the decision and declared war on April 20, with the addition of the 3600:

Phillips writes that McKinley's low rating is undeserved, and that he should be ranked just after the great presidents such as Washington and Lincoln. He pointed to McKinley's success at building an electoral coalition that kept the Republicans mostly in power for a generation. Phillips believes that

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McKinley's biographer H. Wayne Morgan remarks that McKinley died the most beloved president in history. However, the young, enthusiastic Roosevelt quickly captured public attention. The new president made little effort to secure the trade reciprocity that McKinley had intended to negotiate with other

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there agreed. News of a possible departure from the gold standard stirred up immediate opposition from its partisans, and misgivings by the Indian administration led Britain to reject the proposal. With the international effort a failure, McKinley turned away from silver coinage and embraced the gold

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passed both houses by wide margins, and McKinley signed it into law on July 8, 1898. McKinley biographer H. Wayne Morgan notes, "McKinley was the guiding spirit behind the annexation of Hawaii, showing ... a firmness in pursuing it"; the president told Cortelyou, "We need Hawaii just as much and

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McKinley proposed to open negotiations with Spain on the basis of Cuban liberation and Puerto Rican annexation, with the final status of the Philippines subject to further discussion. He stood firmly in that demand even as the military situation in Cuba began to deteriorate when the American army was

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on March 4, 1897, as his wife and mother looked on. The new president gave a lengthy inaugural address; he urged tariff reform and stated that the currency issue would have to await tariff legislation. He warned against foreign interventions, "We want no wars of conquest. We must avoid the temptation

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A controversial aspect of McKinley's presidency is territorial expansion and the question of imperialism; with the exception of the Philippines, granted independence in 1946, the United States retains the territories taken under McKinley. The territorial expansion of 1898 is often seen by historians

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exalted McKinley as the model for a sweeping political realignment behind George W. Bush in the 2000s—a realignment that did not happen. Historian Michael J. Korzi argued in 2005 that while it is tempting to see McKinley as the key figure in the transition from congressional domination of government

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The candidates were the same, but the issues of the campaign had shifted: free silver was still a question that animated many voters, but the Republicans focused on victory in war and prosperity at home as issues they believed favored their party. Democrats knew the war had been popular, even if the

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increased the monetary supply even without silver coinage. In the absence of international agreement, McKinley favored legislation to formally affirm the gold standard, but was initially deterred by the silver strength in the Senate. By 1900, with another campaign ahead and good economic conditions,

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was McKinley's choice for Secretary of the Treasury; he declined it, preferring to remain as chairman of the Ways and Means Committee. Charles Dawes, who had been Hanna's lieutenant in Chicago during the campaign, was considered for the Treasury post but by some accounts Dawes considered himself too

2521:, Hanna was viciously characterized as a plutocrat, trampling on labor. McKinley was drawn as a child, easily controlled by big business. Even today, these depictions still color the images of Hanna and McKinley: one as a heartless businessman, the other as a creature of Hanna and others of his ilk. 1911:

McKinley took his congressional seat in October 1877, when President Hayes summoned Congress into special session. With the Republicans in the minority, McKinley was given unimportant committee assignments, which he undertook conscientiously. McKinley's friendship with Hayes did McKinley little good

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Ida insisted that her husband continue his increasingly successful career in law and politics. He attended the state Republican convention that nominated Hayes for a third term as governor in 1875, and campaigned again for his old friend in the election that fall. The next year, McKinley undertook a

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plagued by scandal, Alger resigned at McKinley's request in mid-1899. Vice President Hobart, as was customary at the time, was not invited to Cabinet meetings. However, he proved a valuable adviser both for McKinley and for his Cabinet members. The wealthy Vice President leased a residence close to

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on June 16, 1896, McKinley had an ample majority of delegates. The former governor, who remained in Canton, followed events at the convention closely by telephone, and was able to hear part of Foraker's speech nominating him over the line. When Ohio was reached in the roll call of states, its votes

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had proven unpopular; there were divisions even within the Republican party as the year 1892 began and Harrison began his re-election drive. Although no declared Republican candidate opposed Harrison, many Republicans were ready to dump the president from the ticket if an alternative emerged. Among

1784:, and set up a small office. He soon formed a partnership with George W. Belden, an experienced lawyer and former judge. His practice was successful enough for him to buy a block of buildings on Main Street in Canton, which provided him with a small but consistent rental income for decades to come. 3640:

McKinley was a major actor in some of the most important events in American history. His decisions shaped future policies and public attitudes. He usually rises in the estimation of scholars who study his life in detail. Even those who disagree with his policies and decisions see him as an active,

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was growing on the walls of McKinley's stomach and slowly poisoning his blood. McKinley drifted in and out of consciousness all day, but when awake he was a model patient. By evening, McKinley too knew he was dying, "It is useless, gentlemen. I think we ought to have prayer." Relatives and friends

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the previous year. Twice he tried to remove a public reception from the president's rescheduled visit to the exposition. McKinley refused, and Cortelyou arranged for additional security for the trip. On September 5, McKinley delivered his address at the fairgrounds before a crowd of 50,000. In his

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McKinley's cabinet agreed with him that Spain must leave Cuba and Puerto Rico, but they disagreed on the Philippines, with some wishing to annex the entire archipelago and some wishing only to retain a naval base in the area. Although public sentiment seemed to favor annexation of the Philippines,

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supported him in September. By then, it was clear that public support for silver had receded, and McKinley began to emphasize the tariff issue. By the end of September, the Republicans had discontinued printing material on the silver issue and were entirely concentrating on the tariff question. On

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disgustedly stated that going to Canton had been made "cheaper than staying at home". Delegations marched through the streets from the railroad station to McKinley's home on North Market Street. Once there, they crowded close to the front porch—from which they surreptitiously whittled souvenirs—as

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by international agreement. In the final days before the convention, McKinley decided, after hearing from politicians and businessmen, that the platform should endorse the gold standard, though it should allow for bimetallism through coordination with other nations. Adoption of the platform caused

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notes, "No documents, no diaries, no confidential letters to Mark Hanna (or anyone else) contain his secret hopes or veiled stratagems." From the beginning, McKinley's preparations had the participation of Hanna, whose biographer William T. Horner noted, "What is certainly true is that in 1888 the

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There was a widespread expectation that Ida McKinley would not long survive her husband; one family friend stated, as William McKinley lay dying, that they should be prepared for a double funeral. However, this did not occur, and the former first lady accompanied her husband on the funeral train.

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were considered the leaders of the Republican party in Ohio. Sherman, who had helped to found the Republican Party, ran three times for the Republican nomination for president in the 1880s, each time failing, while Foraker began a meteoric rise in Ohio politics early in the decade. Hanna, once he

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From his first term in Congress, McKinley was a strong advocate of protective tariffs. The primary intention of such imposts was not to raise revenue, but to allow American manufacturing to develop by giving it a price advantage in the domestic market over foreign competitors. McKinley biographer

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gathered around the death bed. The first lady sobbed over him, saying, "I want to go, too. I want to go, too." Her husband replied, "We are all going, we are all going. God's will be done, not ours", and with final strength put an arm around her. He may also have sung part of his favorite hymn, "

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The expansion of the telegraph and the development of the telephone gave McKinley greater control over the day-to-day management of the war than previous presidents had enjoyed, and he used the new technologies to direct the army's and navy's movements as far as he was able. McKinley found Alger

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of Pennsylvania, who were willing to guarantee McKinley's nomination in exchange for promises regarding patronage and offices. McKinley, however, was determined to obtain the nomination without making deals, and Hanna accepted that decision. Many of their early efforts were focused on the South;

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was framed for the people ... as a defense to their industries, as a protection to the labor of their hands, as a safeguard to the happy homes of American workingmen, and as a security to their education, their wages, and their investments ... It will bring to this country a prosperity

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For the people it was a campaign of study and analysis, of exhortation and conviction—a campaign of search for economic and political truth. Pamphlets tumbled from the presses, to be read, reread, studied, debated, to become guides to economic thought and political action. They were printed and

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Another feature common to the Reed and Allison campaigns was their failure to make headway against the tide which was running toward McKinley. In fact, both campaigns from the moment they were launched were in retreat. The calm confidence with which each candidate claimed the support of his own

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the trader is the master and the producer the slave. Protection is but the law of nature, the law of self-preservation, of self-development, of securing the highest and best destiny of the race of man. that protection is immoral ... Why, if protection builds up and elevates 63,000,000 of

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in Cleveland, Czolgosz had decided to take action that he believed would advance the cause. He had managed to get close to the presidential podium, but did not fire, uncertain of hitting his target. After his failure to get close enough on September 5, Czolgosz waited until the next day at the

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in 1889, was to seek re-election in 1891. The Ohio Republican party remained divided, but McKinley quietly arranged for Foraker to nominate him at the 1891 state Republican convention, which chose McKinley by acclamation. The former congressman spent much of the second half of 1891 campaigning

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Republicans were generally successful in state and local elections around the country in 1899, and McKinley was optimistic about his chances at re-election in 1900. McKinley's popularity in his first term assured him of renomination for a second. The only question about the Republican ticket

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that June, no vice presidential candidate had overwhelming support, but Roosevelt had the broadest range of support from around the country. McKinley affirmed that the choice belonged to the convention, not to him. On June 21, McKinley was unanimously renominated and, with Hanna's reluctant

1611:, where the men charged the enemy entrenchments and drove the rebels from the field. McKinley later said the combat there was "as desperate as any witnessed during the war". Following the rout, the Union forces destroyed Confederate supplies and skirmished with the enemy again successfully. 3409:

According to Gould, "The nation experienced a wave of genuine grief at the news of McKinley's passing." The stock market, faced with sudden uncertainty, suffered a steep decline that went nearly unnoticed in the mourning. The nation focused its attention on the casket that first lay in the

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McKinley urged his aides to break the news gently to Ida, and to call off the mob that had set upon Czolgosz, a request that may have saved his assassin's life. McKinley was taken to the exposition aid station, where the doctor was unable to locate the second bullet. Although a primitive

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It is difficult to interpret the optimism with which the President's physicians looked for his recovery. There was obviously the most serious danger that his wounds would become septic. In that case, he would almost certainly die, since drugs to control infection did not exist ...

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When the Confederate states seceded and the American Civil War began in 1861, thousands of men in Ohio volunteered for service. Among them were McKinley and his cousin William McKinley Osbourne, who enlisted as privates in the newly formed Poland Guards in June 1861. The men left for

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part of McKinley's legacy is the men whom he included in his administration who dominated the Republican Party for a quarter century after his death. These officials included Cortelyou, who served in three Cabinet positions under Roosevelt, and Dawes, who became vice president under

2872:. In an intense day-long battle, the American force was victorious, although both sides suffered heavy casualties. The next day, Spain's Caribbean squadron, which had been sheltering in Santiago's harbor, broke for the open sea and was destroyed by the North Atlantic Squadron in the 3136:, and they were disappointed by his policies and appointments. Although McKinley made some appointments of black people to low-level government posts, and received some praise for that, the appointments were less than they had received under previous Republican administrations. 3391:

At 2:15 a.m. on September 14, 1901, McKinley died. Theodore Roosevelt rushed back to Buffalo and took the oath of office as president. Czolgosz, put on trial for murder nine days after McKinley's death, was found guilty, sentenced to death on September 26 and executed by

1961:, and that this may have helped form his political views. McKinley introduced and supported bills that raised protective tariffs, and opposed those that lowered them or imposed tariffs simply to raise revenue. Garfield's election as president in 1880 created a vacancy on the 1725:

commission as major. In July, the Veterans Corps was mustered out of service, and McKinley and Carroll were relieved of their duties. Carroll and Hancock encouraged McKinley to apply for a place in the peacetime army, but he declined and returned to Ohio the following month.

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McKinley campaigned widely for Republicans in the 1894 midterm congressional elections; many party candidates in districts where he spoke were successful. His political efforts in Ohio were rewarded with the election in November 1895 of a Republican successor as governor,

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on March 4, 1901, William and Ida McKinley undertook a six-week tour of the nation. Traveling mostly by rail, the McKinleys were to travel through the South to the Southwest, and then up the Pacific coast and east again, to conclude with a visit on June 13, 1901, to the

3244:. Bryan's campaigning failed to excite the voters as it had in 1896, and McKinley never doubted that he would be re-elected. On November 6, 1900, he was proven correct, winning the largest victory for any Republican since 1872. Bryan carried only four states outside the 2570:, in which McKinley's view of a stronger central government building American industry through protective tariffs and a dollar based on gold triumphed. The voting patterns established then displaced the near-deadlock the major parties had seen since the Civil War in the 1936:

of 1878, which mandated large government purchases of silver for striking into money, and also joined the large majorities in each house that overrode Hayes's veto of the legislation. In so doing, McKinley voted against the position of the House Republican leader,

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The battleground proved to be the Midwest—the South and most of the West were conceded to Bryan—and the Democrat spent much of his time in those crucial states. The Northeast was considered most likely safe for McKinley after the early-voting states of Maine and

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McKinley was successful in getting all but one of the miners acquitted. The case raised McKinley's standing among laborers, a crucial part of the Stark County electorate, and also introduced him to Hanna, who would become his strongest backer in years to come.

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In the days after the shooting, McKinley appeared to improve and doctors issued increasingly optimistic bulletins. Members of the Cabinet, who had rushed to Buffalo on hearing the news, dispersed, and Vice President Roosevelt departed on a camping trip to the

3154:, McKinley refused requests by black leaders to send in federal marshals or federal troops to protect black citizens, and ignored city residents' appeals for help to recover from the widespread destruction of the predominantly black neighborhood of Brooklyn. 3378:

On the morning of September 13, McKinley's condition deteriorated. Specialists were summoned; although at first some doctors hoped that McKinley might survive with a weakened heart, by afternoon they knew that the case was hopeless. Unknown to the doctors,

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when I speak." Instead of going to the people, McKinley would remain at home in Canton and allow the people to come to him; according to historian R. Hal Williams in his book on the 1896 election, "it was, as it turned out, a brilliant strategy. McKinley's

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was by far the worst offender in showering sanguine assurances on the correspondents. As the only big-city surgeon on the case, he was eagerly questioned and quoted, and his rosy prognostications largely contributed to the delusion of the American public.

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voters, and in August 1876, McKinley was nominated. By that time, Hayes had been nominated for president, and McKinley campaigned for him while running his own congressional campaign. Both were successful. McKinley, campaigning mostly on his support for a

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Hanna obtained a vacation home in southern Georgia where McKinley visited and met with Republican politicians from the region. McKinley needed 453½ delegate votes to gain the nomination; he gained nearly half that number from the South and

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in the Philippines. Dewey's overwhelming victory expanded the scope of the war from one centered in the Caribbean to one that would determine the fate of all of Spain's Pacific colonies. The next month, McKinley increased the number of

2374:. The issue bitterly divided the Democratic Party; President Cleveland firmly supported the gold standard, but an increasing number of rural Democrats wanted silver, especially in the South and West. The silverites took control of the 3062:

McKinley had built his reputation in Congress on high tariffs, promising protection for American business and well-paid U.S. factory workers. With the Republicans in control of Congress, Ways and Means chairman Dingley introduced the

2214:

two men began to develop a close working relationship that helped put McKinley in the White House." Sherman did not run for president again after 1888, and so Hanna could support McKinley's ambitions for that office wholeheartedly.

1369:(now Lisbon). He met Nancy Allison there, and they married later. The Allison family was of mostly English descent and among Pennsylvania's earliest settlers. The family trade on both sides was iron making. McKinley senior operated 11576: 11571: 2529:

distributed by the million ... but the people hankered for more. Favorite pamphlets became dog-eared, grimy, fell apart as their owners laboriously restudied their arguments and quoted from them in public and private debate.

16503: 1916:, as the president was not well regarded by many leaders there. The young congressman broke with Hayes on the question of the currency, but it did not affect their friendship. The United States had effectively been placed on the 3641:

responsible, informed participant in charge of decision making. His dignified demeanor and subtle operations keep him somewhat remote from public perception. But he is once again at the center of events, where he started.

1641:, tearing up railroad track as they advanced. Hunter believed the troops at Lynchburg were too powerful, however, and the brigade returned to West Virginia. Before the army could make another attempt, Confederate General 1246:

without conflict. Still, when negotiation failed, he requested and signed Congress's declaration of war to begin the Spanish-American War of 1898, in which the United States saw a quick and decisive victory. As part of

2807:, which disavowed any intention of annexing Cuba. Nick Kapur says that McKinley's actions were based on his values of arbitrationism, pacifism, humanitarianism, and manly self-restraint, and not on external pressures. 2072:), Speaker Reed, and President Harrison. The Democrats countered with their best spokesmen on tariff issues. McKinley tirelessly stumped his new district, reaching out to its 40,000 voters to explain that his tariff: 1524:

who was ill, and in April 1862 he was promoted to that rank. The regiment resumed its advance that spring with Hayes in command (Scammon led the brigade) and fought several minor engagements against the rebel forces.

2546:. Bryan had concentrated entirely on the silver issue and had not appealed to urban workers. Voters in cities supported McKinley; the only city outside the South of more than 100,000 population carried by Bryan was 1924:; when silver prices dropped significantly, many sought to make silver again a legal tender, equally with gold. Such a course would be inflationary, but advocates argued that the economic benefits of the increased 764: 2225:

sent agents outside their states to organize Republicans in support of their candidacies, they found that Hanna's agents had preceded them. According to historian Stanley Jones in his study of the 1896 election:

3716: 3067:, which would raise tariff rates on wool, sugar, and luxury goods. Congress passed the legislation with McKinley's support, and he signed it into law on July 24, 1897, less than five months into his presidency. 2880:, which met little resistance when it landed in July. The distance from Spain and the destruction of the Spanish navy made resupply impossible, and the Spanish government began to look for a way to end the war. 3340:

on the exposition grounds, where the president was to meet the public. Czolgosz concealed his gun in a handkerchief and, when he reached the head of the line, shot McKinley twice in the abdomen at close range.

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the possible candidates spoken of were McKinley, Reed, and the aging Blaine. Fearing that the Ohio governor would emerge as a candidate, Harrison's managers arranged for McKinley to be permanent chairman of

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to her husband in Canton, which was dedicated by President Roosevelt on September 30, 1907. William and Ida McKinley are interred there with their daughters atop a hillside overlooking the city of Canton.

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McKinley made himself available to the public every day except Sunday, receiving delegations from the front porch of his home. The railroads subsidized the visitors with low excursion rates—the pro-silver

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Statues bearing McKinley's image may be found in more than a dozen states, and his name has been bestowed on streets, civic organizations and libraries. In 1896, a gold prospector gave McKinley's name to

2409: 11949: 2671:, an old friend from the House, on January 30, 1897. Although McKinley was initially inclined to allow Long to choose his own assistant, there was considerable pressure on the President-elect to appoint 3536:

suggests that the significant number of major memorials to McKinley in Ohio reflect the expectation among Ohioans in the years after McKinley's death that he would be ranked among the great presidents.

3196:, who had succeeded Alger as Secretary of War, but McKinley decided that Root was doing too good a job at the War Department to move him. He considered other prominent candidates, including Allison and 1787:

When his Army friend Rutherford B. Hayes was nominated for governor in 1867, McKinley made speeches on his behalf in Stark County, his first foray into politics. The county was closely divided between

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convinced them to accept what the government had issued them; his style in dealing with the men impressed McKinley, beginning an association and friendship that would last until Hayes's death in 1893.

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as the commander of the regiment, and the men began training on the outskirts of Columbus. McKinley quickly took to the soldier's life: he wrote a series of letters to his hometown newspaper extolling

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of New Jersey for vice president, a choice actually made, by most accounts, by Hanna. Hobart, a wealthy lawyer, businessman, and former state legislator, was not widely known, but as Hanna biographer

1505:, but when the regiment entered battle, he came to appreciate the value of their relentless drilling. Their first contact with the enemy came in September when they drove back Confederate troops at 8096:

Ofek, Hillel. "A Just Peace: Grover Cleveland, William McKinley, and the Moral Basis of American Foreign Policy" (University of Texas at Austin; ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2018. 28166006).

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Labinski, Nicholas Winter. "A Transitional Moment: William McKinley's Foreign Policy Rhetoric and America's Outward Turn" (University of Kansas; ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2017. 10687965).

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final speech, McKinley urged reciprocity treaties with other nations to assure American manufacturers access to foreign markets. He intended the speech as a keynote to his plans for a second term.

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exploded and sank with 266 men killed. Public attention focused on the crisis and the consensus was that regardless of who set the bomb, Spain had lost control over Cuba. McKinley insisted that a

16388: 3545:, the tallest mountain in North America at 20,310 feet (6,190 m). The Alaska Board of Geographic Names reverted the name of the mountain to Denali, its local appellation, in 1975. The 2367:, to walk out of the convention. However, compared with the Democrats, Republican divisions on the issue were small, especially as McKinley promised future concessions to silver advocates. 3691: 3260: 2410: 763: 1660:

after the battle, was transferred to General Crook's staff. By August, Early was retreating south in the valley, with Sheridan's army in pursuit. They fended off a Confederate assault at

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Recent historiography emphasizes the humanitarian motivations for the initial war decision. Jeffrey Bloodworth, "For Love or for Money?: William McKinley and the Spanish–American War"

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political tour by train on an unprecedented scale. Hanna urged McKinley to match Bryan's tour with one of his own; the candidate declined on the grounds that the Democrat was a better

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Damiani, Brian Paul. "Advocates of Empire: William Mckinley, The Senate and American Expansion, 1898-1899" (University of Delaware; Proquest Dissertations Publishing, 1978. 7816908).

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When a group of white supremacists violently overthrew the duly elected government of Wilmington, North Carolina, on November 10, 1898, in an event that came to be recognized as the

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Backed by Hanna's money and organizational skills, McKinley quietly built support for a presidential bid through 1895 and early 1896. When other contenders such as Speaker Reed and

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of 1890 through Congress; although McKinley's work was altered through the influence of special interests in the Senate, it imposed a number of protective tariffs on foreign goods.

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Brady, David William. "A Congressional Response to a Stress Situation: Party Voting in the Mckinley Era" (The University of Iowa; Proquest Dissertations Publishing, 1970. 7023867).

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Although McKinley enjoyed meeting the public, Cortelyou was concerned with his security because of recent assassinations by anarchists in Europe, such as the assassination of King

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wrote, "The politicians are making a hard fight against him, but if the masses could speak, McKinley is the choice of at least 75% of the entire Republican voters in the Union".

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around the same time and depended strongly on her husband's presence. He remained a devoted husband and tended to his wife's medical and emotional needs for the rest of his life.

3666: 3532:. Nearly a million dollars was pledged by contributors or allocated from public funds for the construction of McKinley memorials in the year after his death. McKinley biographer 1467:

The men were unhappy to learn that, unlike Ohio's earlier volunteer regiments, they would not be permitted to elect their officers; these would be designated by Ohio's governor,

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Waksmundski, John. "Mckinley Politics and the Changing Attitudes Toward American Labor, 1870-1900" (The Ohio State University; Proquest Dissertations Publishing, 1972. 7311599).

2918:. Spain ultimately agreed to a ceasefire on those terms on August 12, and treaty negotiations began in Paris in September 1898. The talks continued until December 18, when the 10960: 2533:

McKinley always thought of himself as a tariff man and expected that the monetary issues would fade away in a month. He was mistaken, silver and gold dominated the campaign.

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magazine cover from September 1890, showing McKinley (left) having helped dispatch Speaker Reed's opponent in early-voting Maine, hurrying off with the victor to McKinley's "

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entered public affairs as a political manager and generous contributor, supported Sherman's ambitions, as well as those of Foraker. The latter relationship broke off at the

765: 2876:. Shafter laid siege to the city of Santiago, which surrendered on July 17, placing Cuba under effective American control. McKinley and Miles also ordered an invasion of 1799:

of Stark County, an office that had historically been held by Democrats, and was unexpectedly elected. When McKinley ran for re-election in 1871, the Democrats nominated

1607:. They soon resumed the offensive, marching into southwestern Virginia to destroy salt and lead mines used by the enemy. On May 9, the army engaged Confederate troops at 10953: 9815: 8727: 1260: 2795:

first determine whether the explosion was accidental. Negotiations with Spain continued as the court considered the evidence, but on March 20, the court ruled that the

9756: 1976:, where he served as chair of the Committee on Resolutions and won plaudits for his handling of the convention when called upon to preside. By 1886, McKinley, Senator 16508: 12997: 11586: 11581: 11566: 11561: 11556: 11551: 11546: 3777: 1212:" (the gold standard unless altered by international agreement) and promised that high tariffs would restore prosperity. Historians regard McKinley's victory as a 16513: 3842: 1997:, the unsuccessful Republican 1884 presidential nominee. When Blaine said he was not a candidate, Foraker returned to Sherman, but the nomination went to former 13378: 1176:. In 1876, McKinley was elected to Congress, where he became the Republican expert on the protective tariff, which he believed would bring prosperity. His 1890 15252: 14797: 14418: 8093:

Matlosz, Gregory. "The Political Symbiosis of Rutherford B. Hayes & William McKinley" (Drew University; ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2015. 3700842).

7102: 1315: 1721:, before he and Carroll were transferred to Hancock's First Veterans Corps in Washington. Just before the war's end, McKinley received his final promotion, a 16408: 16368: 16358: 15548: 15221: 15181: 14766: 3815: 3091:

standard. Even without the agreement, agitation for free silver eased as prosperity began to return to the United States and gold from recent strikes in the

2009: 1189: 1423:

fraternity. He remained at Allegheny for one year, returning home in 1860 after becoming ill and depressed. He also studied at Mount Union College, now the

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Before the Republican convention, McKinley had been a "straddle bug" on the currency question, favoring moderate positions on silver such as accomplishing

967: 6953: 1583:(present-day West Virginia), McKinley was ordered back to Ohio with some other sergeants to recruit fresh troops. When they arrived in Columbus, Governor 12181: 1679:

After Cedar Creek, the army stayed in the vicinity through election day, when McKinley cast his first presidential ballot, for the incumbent Republican,

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Even before peace negotiations began with Spain, McKinley asked Congress to set up a commission to examine trade opportunities in Asia and espoused an "

2417:

Historic recording of William McKinley. The final 1:08 of this sound file (starting at 5:40) contains an excerpt from one of his 1896 campaign speeches.

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For 1890, the Democrats gerrymandered McKinley one final time, placing Stark County in the same district as one of the strongest pro-Democrat counties,

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Korzi, Michael J. (January 2004). "A New Migration of Political Forces: Party Decline and Presidential Leadership in Late Nineteenth-Century America".

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section soon gave way to ... bitter accusations that Hanna by winning support for McKinley in their sections had violated the rules of the game.

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on July 24, where McKinley came under heavy fire and the army was defeated. Retreating into Maryland, the army was reorganized again: Major General

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There has been broad agreement among historians that McKinley's election occurred at a time of a transition between two political eras, dubbed the

3075: 1054: 2465:, before the McKinley home. Although women could not vote in most states, they might influence male relatives and were encouraged to visit Canton. 1137:

of 1898; gained control of Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines; restored prosperity after a deep depression; rejected the inflationary

16483: 14192: 13944: 13671: 13006: 12171: 12051: 9831: 9778: 9635: 9344: 8967: 8934: 8901: 8868: 8835: 8802: 8769: 2704: 2445:: "I might just as well set up a trapeze on my front lawn and compete with some professional athlete as go out speaking against Bryan. I have to 1401: 1252: 1181: 1130: 201: 14170: 13922: 13649: 9324: 7772:

Fry, Joseph A. "William McKinley and the coming of the Spanish-American War: A study of the besmirching and redemption of an historical image."

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November 3, 1896, the voters had their say. McKinley won the entire Northeast and Midwest; he won 51% of the vote and an ample majority in the

2402: 2269:, June 24, 1896, showing McKinley about to crown himself with the Republican nomination. The "priests" are Hanna (in green) and Representative 1676:

on October 19. After initially falling back from the Confederate advance, McKinley helped to rally the troops and turn the tide of the battle.

1318:. However, his take-over of the Philippines is often criticized as an act of imperialism. His popularity was soon overshadowed by Roosevelt's. 1874:

to reach the presidency. McKinley's victory came at a personal cost: his income as a congressman would be half of what he earned as a lawyer.

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American negotiators soon concluded a reciprocity treaty with France, and the two nations approached Britain to gauge British enthusiasm for

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Morgan alludes to the rise of interest in McKinley as part of the debate over the more assertive American foreign policy of recent decades:

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concerned the vice presidential nomination; McKinley needed a new running mate as Hobart had died in late 1899. McKinley initially favored

1989:, where McKinley, Foraker, and Hanna were all delegates supporting Sherman. Convinced Sherman could not win, Foraker threw his support to 1591:

in recognition of his service at Antietam. McKinley and his comrades saw little action until July 1863, when the division skirmished with

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The Democrats had pamphlets too, though not as many. Jones analyzed how voters responded to the education campaigns of the two parties:

2297:. Delegate-rich Illinois proved a crucial battleground, as McKinley supporters, such as Chicago businessman (and future vice president) 1968:

McKinley increasingly became a significant figure in national politics. In 1880, he served a brief term as Ohio's representative on the

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The McKinley administration's response to racial violence was minimal, causing him to lose black support. When black postmasters at

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In the wake of McKinley's election in 1896, black people were hopeful of progress towards equality. McKinley had spoken out against

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Even before McKinley completed his term in Congress, he met with a delegation of Ohioans urging him to run for governor. Governor

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office, where he worked both to supply his regiment, and as a clerk. In November, the regiment established winter quarters near

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while governor, and most black people who could still vote supported him in 1896. McKinley's priority, however, was in ending

1407:

In 1852, the family moved from Niles to Poland, Ohio, so that their children could attend its better schools. Graduating from

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Ohio's governor had relatively little power—for example, he could recommend legislation, but not veto it—but with Ohio a key

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had at most an estimated $ 500,000. With his eloquence and youthful energy his major assets in the race, Bryan decided on a

16538: 16523: 16109: 9783: 9695: 8584: 8147: 2999: 2664: 2651:; he recorded in his published diary that he had strongly urged McKinley to appoint as secretary the successful candidate, 588: 3597:

to the modern, powerful president, this change was an incremental process through the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

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in the Capitol before being transported to Canton by train. Approximately 100,000 people passed by the open casket in the

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were besieged and, in cooperation with other western powers, McKinley ordered 5000 troops to the city in June 1900 in the

2991:", in which all nations would freely trade with China and none would seek to violate that nation's territorial integrity. 2699:, sometimes substituted as Executive Mansion hostess when Ida McKinley was unwell. For most of McKinley's administration, 1350:

descent and had settled in western Pennsylvania in the 18th century. Their immigrant ancestor was David McKinley, born in

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was known as Mount McKinley National Park until December 2, 1980, when it was changed by legislation signed by President

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was promised independence but remained under the control of the United States Army until May 20, 1902. The United States

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was inclined to grant McKinley the award, but when the then-President-elect heard about the effort, he declined it. See

2826:. The war led to a change in McKinley's cabinet, as the president accepted Sherman's resignation as Secretary of State. 1932:" would not bring the promised benefits and would harm the United States in international trade. McKinley voted for the 16448: 13077: 12116: 11881: 11466: 11437: 10709: 9444: 3606: 2954: 2613: 2249: 1707: 17: 15702: 7822:

Klinghard, Daniel P. (2005). "Grover Cleveland, William McKinley and the Emergence of the President as Party Leader".

7748:"'I Make Politics My Recreation': Vice President Garret A. Hobart and Nineteenth Century Republican Business Politics" 16473: 16378: 16373: 15579: 15478: 14926: 14597: 13368: 13197: 12058: 11850: 11332: 10685: 10649: 9374: 9294: 8516: 7643: 7484: 6315: 3294: 2543: 1390: 1295: 1122: 988: 450: 31: 3496: 16468: 16363: 16353: 16098: 15744: 15650: 15508: 15338: 15287: 15170: 15152: 14911: 14832: 14726: 14522: 14453: 14010: 13877: 13837: 13560: 13445: 12430: 12028: 11043: 10679: 9765: 9364: 8724: 8700: 8696: 8687: 7177: 3780:

in 1967, a vacancy in the office of vice president was not filled until the next ensuing election and inauguration.

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McKinley ran on his record of prosperity and victory in 1900, winning easy re-election over William Jennings Bryan.

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had waged an intermittent campaign for freedom from Spanish colonial rule. By 1895, the conflict had expanded to a

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Before the 1896 convention, McKinley tried to avoid coming down on one side or the other of the currency question.

2069: 1814:. Ida never recovered from their daughters' deaths, and the McKinleys had no more children. Ida McKinley developed 1792: 1788: 1126: 1087: 1064: 875: 870: 480: 15798: 12975: 1540:. Delayed in passing through Washington, D.C., the 23rd Ohio did not arrive in time for the battle but joined the 14200: 14105: 13980: 13952: 13717: 13679: 12949: 12222: 11901: 11815: 11780: 10733: 10691: 10667: 10661: 9514: 9464: 9394: 9334: 9314: 9194: 9164: 9114: 8193: 8135: 3201: 3151: 2691: 917: 756: 8119: 1668:, where they broke the enemy lines and pursued them farther south. They followed up the victory with another at 14273: 14178: 14045: 13965: 13930: 13657: 13529: 13504: 13433: 13413: 12515: 12320: 12121: 11855: 11770: 11720: 11427: 10673: 10643: 9822: 9354: 9284: 9234: 9184: 9134: 9092: 8533: 8474: 8406: 8350: 8314: 8283: 3755: 3574: 3087: 2679: 2599: 1962: 1853:

McKinley's good standing with labor became useful that year as he campaigned for the Republican nomination for

1599:. Early in 1864, the Army command structure in West Virginia was reorganized, and the division was assigned to 1238:

to protect manufacturers and factory workers from foreign competition and, in 1900, secured the passage of the

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Klotz, Robert. "The 1891 McKinley-Campbell Ohio Gubernatorial Debate and the Draw That Still Splits America."

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was drafted and approved, but not before McKinley's assassination in 1901. The result under Roosevelt was the

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governor. Competent enough in peacetime, Alger proved inadequate once the conflict with Spain began. With the

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Nice, David C. (September 1984). "The Influence of War and Party System Aging on the Ranking of Presidents".

1969: 1623: 1608: 704: 16187: 6195: 2152:. In the wake of Cleveland's victory, McKinley was seen by some as the likely Republican candidate in 1896. 16518: 16383: 16004: 15572: 14213: 14110: 13782: 13429: 11956: 11845: 11735: 11700: 11650: 11635: 10764: 10739: 10703: 10637: 9534: 9414: 9384: 9274: 9254: 9174: 3618: 3030:

engaged in negotiations with Britain over the possible construction of a canal across Central America. The

2209:

It is unclear when William McKinley began to seriously prepare a run for president. As McKinley biographer

2020:; however, Speaker Reed appointed McKinley chairman of the Ways and Means Committee. The Ohioan guided the 1769:

in New York state. After studying there for less than a year, McKinley returned home and in March 1867 was

1630: 1529: 3216:, who, disliking Roosevelt's reform agenda, sought to sideline the governor by making him vice president. 2032:

Recognizing McKinley's potential, the Democrats, whenever they controlled the Ohio legislature, sought to

1483:. Delays in issuance of uniforms and weapons again brought the men into conflict with their officers, but 15406: 15048: 15025: 14669: 14323: 13287: 12804: 12669: 12390: 12242: 12068: 11983: 11937: 11765: 11660: 11640: 10967: 10727: 10715: 10623: 9504: 9474: 9214: 9144: 9076: 8429: 8340: 5736:

Nick Kapur, "William McKinley's Values and the Origins of the Spanish‐American War: A Reinterpretation."

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McKinley, along with Samuel M. Taylor and James C. Howe, co-authored and published a twelve-volume work,

1657: 1596: 1517: 1382: 937: 699: 7747: 6316:"The 1898 Wilmington Massacre Is an Essential Lesson in How State Violence Has Targeted Black Americans" 1965:; McKinley was selected to fill it, gaining a spot on the most powerful committee after only two terms. 16233: 15924: 15692: 15448: 14248: 14150: 13267: 13222: 12455: 12215: 11988: 11825: 10745: 9554: 9544: 9524: 9494: 9304: 9154: 9009: 8977: 8827: 8784: 8539: 8204: 3654: 3605:. Other McKinley appointees who later became major figures include Day, whom Roosevelt elevated to the 3546: 3431: 3370: 3200:, but none were as popular as the Republican party's rising star, Theodore Roosevelt. After a stint as 2873: 2712: 2695:

the White House; the two families visited each other without formality, and the Vice President's wife,

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in 1933, the Constitution prescribed that Congress begin its regular sessions in early December. See

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noted that Canton had become prosperous as a center for the manufacture of farm equipment because of

1580: 1545: 1537: 1424: 1243: 677: 552: 13398: 8180: 3528:. Twenty Ohio schools bear McKinley's name, and several more schools in the United States are named 16453: 16413: 13087: 13037: 12644: 12410: 11891: 11865: 11840: 11745: 11690: 11685: 11665: 11630: 11620: 9204: 9124: 8424: 8345: 8167: 8042:

Weisenburger, Francis P. (June 1934). "The Time of Mark Hanna's First Acquaintance with McKinley".

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several prominent political leaders—including Democrats Bryan, and Cleveland, and the newly formed

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William and Ida McKinley (to her husband's left) pose with members of the "Flower Delegation" from

1795:, but Hayes carried it that year in his statewide victory. In 1869, McKinley ran for the office of 1619: 1549: 1548:

as it advanced into Maryland. The 23rd was the first regiment to encounter the Confederates at the

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This article is about the president of the United States. For other people with the same name, see

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was being exhibited on the exposition grounds, it was not used. McKinley was taken to the home of

2707:. Cortelyou, who served in three Cabinet positions under Theodore Roosevelt, became a combination 15999: 13107: 12405: 12315: 11800: 11755: 11695: 11670: 11625: 11392: 11287: 9564: 8511: 8449: 3385: 3278: 3183: 3015: 2869: 2820: 2770: 2517:, whose fortune was based on silver mines. In biased reporting and through the sharp cartoons of 2514: 2497: 2438: 1416: 983: 2922:

was signed. The United States acquired Puerto Rico and the Philippines as well as the island of

2252:. Platt lamented in his memoirs, " had the South practically solid before some of us awakened." 2081: 1552:

on September 14. After severe losses, Union forces drove back the Confederates and continued to

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in present-day West Virginia. Three days after the battle, McKinley was assigned to duty in the

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Bacote, Clarence A. (July 1959). "Negro officeholders in Georgia under President McKinley".

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From the Front Porch to the Front Page: McKinley and Bryan in the 1896 Presidential Campaign

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Meanwhile, in the Caribbean theater, a large force of regulars and volunteers gathered near

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Most Democratic newspapers refused to support Bryan, the major exception being the New York

1695:. Finally assigned to Carroll's staff again, McKinley acted as the general's first and only 16343: 16328: 16307: 15763: 15497: 14881: 14318: 14075: 13985: 13697: 13127: 12375: 12093: 12083: 11352: 11347: 11337: 11187: 11182: 11091: 11073: 11061: 11049: 11037: 11031: 10251: 10231: 10055: 10051: 10005: 9440: 8608: 8380: 7792:"William McKinley's Values and the Origins of the Spanish-American War: A Reinterpretation" 7694:

Official roster of the soldiers of the state of Ohio in the War of the Rebellion, 1861–1866

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As McKinley's professional career progressed, so too did his social life blossom: he wooed

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Official Roster of the Soldiers of the State of Ohio in the War of the Rebellion, 1861–1866

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inadequate as Secretary of War, and did not get along with the Army's commanding general,

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In addition to Sherman, McKinley made one other ill-advised Cabinet appointment, that of

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Lafeber, Walter (1986). "The 'Lion in the Path': The U.S. Emergence as a World Power".

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in Canton to await the construction of the memorial to McKinley already being planned.

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1900 reelection poster with the theme that McKinley has returned prosperity to America

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pointed out, "if he did little to strengthen the ticket he did nothing to weaken it".

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cartoon, he is startling Reed and McKinley (right) as they make their plans for 1892.

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in 1891 and 1893, steering a moderate course between capital and labor interests. He

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was still seen as a possible candidate for the Republican nomination. In this 1890

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acquiescence, Roosevelt was nominated for vice president on the first ballot. The

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In January 1898, Spain promised some concessions to the rebels, but when American

1520:(today in West Virginia). McKinley spent the winter substituting for a commissary 16295: 16092: 16056: 16023: 15950: 15882: 15794: 15789: 15776: 15771: 15738: 15644: 15604: 15429: 15118: 15098: 15067: 15006: 14615: 14572: 14338: 14313: 14298: 14258: 14145: 14030: 14020: 13867: 13857: 13847: 13832: 13812: 13802: 13787: 13747: 13737: 13707: 13593: 13242: 13237: 13132: 13092: 12934: 12899: 12894: 12879: 12869: 12799: 12794: 12769: 12764: 12734: 12729: 12719: 12694: 12674: 12585: 12555: 12525: 12520: 12510: 12490: 12420: 12370: 12310: 12300: 11530: 11461: 11382: 11322: 11217: 11212: 11197: 11192: 11177: 11019: 11001: 10989: 10983: 10942: 10894: 10840: 10291: 10211: 10195: 10191: 10171: 10091: 10075: 9936: 9888: 9871: 9862: 9858: 9450: 9430: 9400: 9260: 9240: 8926: 8794: 8707: 8360: 7468: 7273: 7243: 7103:"How President William McKinley's Assassination Led to the Modern Secret Service" 3794: 3789:

In 1896, some of McKinley's comrades lobbied for him to be belatedly awarded the

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The younger William also followed in the Methodist tradition, becoming active in

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Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Ohio

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and nominated William Jennings Bryan, setting up a rematch of the 1896 contest.

2860:, for an invasion of Cuba. After lengthy delays, the army, led by Major General 16158: 16145: 16048: 15755: 15728: 15661: 15622: 15600: 15596: 15489: 15458: 14891: 14623: 14000: 13852: 13807: 13777: 13767: 13712: 13543: 13537: 13459: 13329: 13277: 13247: 13212: 13182: 13152: 13062: 13032: 12919: 12789: 12704: 12659: 12649: 12639: 12595: 12500: 12460: 12365: 12335: 12325: 12280: 12141: 12136: 11973: 11525: 11520: 11515: 11367: 11317: 11145: 11127: 11085: 10882: 10876: 10834: 10491: 10471: 10135: 10131: 10115: 10111: 9953: 9875: 9530: 9410: 9380: 9270: 9250: 9220: 9170: 8959: 8893: 8220: 7399: 7293: 5440:

Walter Dean Burnham, "The system of 1896: An analysis" in Paul Kleppner et al.

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and who succeeded Roosevelt as president. After the assassination, the present

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candidates such as Quay himself, New York Governor (and former vice president)

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Soon after Cleveland's return to office, hard times struck the nation with the

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After the war ended in 1865, McKinley decided on a career in the law and began

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McKinley's most controversial Cabinet appointment was that of John Sherman as

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Vice President Hobart died in office. As this was before the adoption of the

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had overthrown the Queen in 1893 when she rejected a limited role for herself

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The bad economic times had continued and strengthened the hand of forces for

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unparalleled in our own history and unrivalled in the history of the world."

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Murphey, Dwight D. "President McKinley: Architect of the American Century."

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and his government showed some interest in the idea and told American envoy

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or redistrict him out of office. In 1878, McKinley was redistricted to the

2008:

In 1889, with the Republicans in the majority, McKinley sought election as

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After a month of training, McKinley and the 23rd Ohio, now led by Colonel

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and shorter essays on each member of his cabinet and First Lady from the

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followed suit in August 2015 as a part of a visit to Alaska by President

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In addition to the Canton site, many other memorials honor McKinley. The

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That September, McKinley's regiment was called east to reinforce General

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The family moved to Ohio when the senior McKinley was a boy, settling in

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Gowing, Peter G. "The American Mood and the Philippines, 1898–1899." in

6334:"Letter from an African American citizen of Wilmington to the President" 5741: 5491: 5489: 5429:

Realigning America: McKinley, Bryan, and the Remarkable Election of 1896

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deemed it necessary that presidential protection be part of its duties.

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Realigning America: McKinley, Bryan and the Remarkable Election of 1896

7632:

The Triumph of William McKinley: Why the Election of 1896 Still Matters

4603: 4601: 4599: 4597: 3193: 2800: 2743:(the American people) reaches out to help oppressed Cuba in 1897 while 2553: 2426: 2281:

Quay and Platt still hoped to deny McKinley a first-ballot majority at

2203: 1897: 1835: 1476: 1251:, Spain turned over to the United States its main overseas colonies of 1173: 605: 7955: 4368: 4340: 4324: 4291: 4266: 4250: 4186: 4167: 4151: 4119: 4091: 3891: 3299: 3112: 3054: 1664:, where McKinley had a horse shot out from under him, and advanced to 16032: 15932: 15896: 14383: 14228: 13428: 13346: 13341: 13302: 12380: 11139: 10535: 10455: 9560: 8390: 7697:. Vol. X. Ohio. Roster Commission; Ohio. General Assembly; Ohio. 7627: 7430:

The Path Between the Seas: The Creation of the Panama Canal 1870–1914

7257:. American Presidency. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. 5486: 3593: 3411: 2744: 2609: 2309: 1839: 1749: 1584: 1568: 1306:. McKinley died eight days later and was succeeded by Vice President 1303: 16278: 8238: 8055: 7976: 7911: 7722: 7337:

The Winning of the Midwest: Social and Political Conflict, 1888–1896

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William McKinley, speech made October 4, 1892, Boston, Massachusetts

1830:. Lynch, McKinley's opponent in the 1871 election, and his partner, 1803:, a prominent local lawyer, and McKinley was defeated by 143 votes. 1117:(January 29, 1843 – September 14, 1901) was the 25th 15859: 13465: 12590: 12196: 11417: 10924: 10595: 10451: 10355: 9734: 8268: 8242: 7947: 4209: 4207: 4205: 4063: 3380: 3331:

hoped to assassinate McKinley. After hearing a speech by anarchist

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amid a deep economic depression and defeated his Democratic rival

14373: 8114: 7520:(revised ed.). Kent, Ohio: The Kent State University Press. 7017:

Encyclopedia of U.S. Campaigns, Elections, and Electoral Behavior

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harvnb error: no target: CITEREFUS_Senate,_Sessions_of_Congress (

2735: 2538: 1998: 1510: 1370: 1351: 1242:. He hoped to persuade Spain to grant independence to rebellious 7612:. Columbia, South Carolina: University of South Carolina Press. 6691: 4565: 4563: 4561: 4559: 4557: 4555: 4553: 4202: 4135: 1713:

a few days later, effectively ending the war. McKinley joined a

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where they were consolidated with other small units to form the

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American lawyers admitted to the practice of law by reading law

13007:

Chairmen of the United States House Committee on Ways and Means

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menaced foreigners in China. Americans and other westerners in

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Democrats ran a strong candidate in former lieutenant governor

1863: 1857:. Delegates to the county conventions thought he could attract 1326: 1220:

of the post-Civil War era gave way to the Republican-dominated

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McKinley, William; Taylor, Samuel M.; Howe, James C. (1886).

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McKinley Monument in front of Lucas County Courthouse, Toledo

2868:. Shafter's army engaged the Spanish forces on July 2 in the 2235:

Hanna, on McKinley's behalf, met with the eastern Republican

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American soldiers scale the walls of Beijing to relieve the

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During the war, McKinley also pursued the annexation of the

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swears in William McKinley as president; outgoing President

2027: 1765:. The following year, he continued his studies by attending 1633:

and soon back in contact with Confederate forces, capturing

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Unknown Soldiers for World War II and the Korean War (1958)

12246: 8201:, a documentary history of William McKinley's assassination 7963:

Nichols, Jeannette P. (December 1933). "Silver Diplomacy".

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The official Presidential portrait of William McKinley, by

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McKinley urged Congress to pass such a law, and signed the

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Candidates in the 1900 United States presidential election

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Candidates in the 1896 United States presidential election

16419:

Candidates in the 1892 United States presidential election

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From Hayes to McKinley: National Party Politics, 1877–1896

7278:. College Station, Texas: Texas A&M University Press. 6241: 5251: 5249: 4775: 4449: 4447: 4445: 3006:

American missionaries were threatened with death when the

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Presidency of William McKinley § Spanish–American War

1834:, were the opposing counsel, and the mine owners included 1572:

McKinley in 1865, just after the Civil War, photograph by

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at the age of sixteen. He was a lifelong pious Methodist.

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Offner, John L. "McKinley and the Spanish‐American War."

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on September 6, 1901, shortly before the shots were fired

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for president; he had electrified the delegates with his

2329:

For additional information on the currency question, see

1887:

For additional information on the currency question, see

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The Supreme Court under Edward Douglass White, 1910–1921

7034: 5774: 4029: 4027: 4025: 3248:, and McKinley even won Bryan's home state of Nebraska. 3116:

McKinley, (right of center) flanked by Georgia Governor

2833:

Within a fortnight, the navy had its first victory when

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replaced Hunter, and McKinley, who had been promoted to

1645:'s raid into Maryland forced their recall to the north. 1342:

and Nancy (née Allison) McKinley. The McKinleys were of

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largely dominant in the industrial states and nationwide

8080:

Full text available online through academic libraries.

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History of the Sigma Alpha Epsilon Fraternity, Volume 2

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Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

1780:

That same year, he moved to Canton, the county seat of

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secured the Republican nomination for president in 1896

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McKinley was the last president to have served in the

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President McKinley: Architect of the American Century

7363:. Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press. 7216:

A Righteous Cause: The Life of William Jennings Bryan

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Learn NC, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

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in 1913, senators were elected by state legislatures.

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and a large marble statue of McKinley is situated at

2953:. The new republic, dominated by business interests, 1928:

would be worth the inflation; opponents warned that "

1451:

was McKinley's mentor during and after the Civil War.

16544:

National presidents assassinated in the 20th century

8173:

Biographical Directory of the United States Congress

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that he would be amenable to reopening the mints in

1393:

sentiment, the latter based on the family's staunch

1381:. The McKinley household was, like many from Ohio's 1358:. William McKinley Sr. was born in Pennsylvania, in 1294:, and free silver. His second term ended early when 9091: 7132: 6906: 6839: 6214: 6173: 6112: 6046: 6031: 5814: 5747: 5718: 5706: 5654: 5629: 5617: 5471: 5396: 5372: 5261: 5234: 5222: 5198: 5138: 5126: 4979: 4967: 4943: 4931: 4871: 4847: 4835: 4787: 4763: 4637: 4635: 4622: 4620: 4579: 4533: 4482: 4470: 3808: 1826:, who were arrested for rioting after a clash with 14201:Members of the U.S. House of Representatives from 13953:Members of the U.S. House of Representatives from 13680:Members of the U.S. House of Representatives from 7928:Journal of Social, Political, and Economic Studies 7605: 7543:A History of the United States since the Civil War 7403: 7356: 7250: 7219:. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. 7194:Major McKinley: William McKinley and the Civil War 7191: 7156: 7144: 6983: 6971: 6921: 6863: 6851: 6771: 6628: 6344: 6073: 6061: 5384: 5348: 5276: 5174: 5114: 5054: 5030: 4919: 4811: 4518: 2830:agreed to serve as secretary until the war's end. 2454:' became a legend in American political history." 1579:While the regiment went into winter quarters near 1563: 846: 15975: 8470:Forest Service Organic Administration Act of 1897 8007:The Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 7452:. Canton, Ohio: Stark County Historical Society. 7058: 7013: 6878: 6810: 6786: 6735: 6723: 6589: 6561: 6481: 6296: 6127: 6085: 5949: 5937: 5826: 5605: 5336: 5300: 5210: 4647: 3947: 3399: 2849:and granted the force's commander, Major General 2718: 2582:, another realigning election with the ascent of 1556:, Maryland, where they engaged Lee's army at the 1411:in 1859, McKinley enrolled the following year at 1160:; he was the only one to begin his service as an 865: 16509:Republican Party presidents of the United States 16315: 8545:William McKinley Presidential Library and Museum 8115:William McKinley Presidential Library and Museum 7658:. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. 7381:A Godly Hero: The Life of William Jennings Bryan 7300:. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. 6995: 6951: 6019: 5802: 5666: 5593: 5521: 5360: 5102: 5090: 5078: 5066: 4895: 4823: 4739: 4683: 4632: 4617: 2667:was offered to former Massachusetts Congressman 2604: 2363:some western delegates, led by Colorado Senator 2117:Even after his final run for president in 1884, 1877: 1439: 1234:saw rapid economic growth. He promoted the 1897 1049: 27:President of the United States from 1897 to 1901 7198:. Kent, Ohio: The Kent State University Press. 4671: 4659: 3315:Artist's conception of the shooting of McKinley 2977: 2970:a good deal more than we did California. It is 2096: 1544:as it hurried north to cut off Robert E. Lee's 384: 376: 368: 360: 306: 298: 16514:Members of the Sons of the American Revolution 4955: 3879: 3783: 3564: 3104:on March 14, 1900, using a gold pen to do so. 2496:cartoon of McKinley as Hanna's creature, from 1672:on September 22 and were engaged once more at 1316:generally ranked as an above-average president 1180:was highly controversial and, together with a 993: 841: 15580: 15253: 14798: 14419: 14186: 13938: 13665: 13414: 12991: 12223: 9750: 9077: 8284: 7046: 3793:for his bravery that day; Lieutenant General 2883: 2308:By the time the national convention began in 1133:for decades. He presided over victory in the 1129:, he led a realignment that made Republicans 1095: 16409:Assassinated presidents of the United States 16369:20th-century presidents of the United States 16359:19th-century presidents of the United States 8661: 8555:McKinley Birthplace Home and Research Center 7340:. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. 3404: 2324: 2012:. He failed to gain the post, which went to 1736: 1618:as the armies broke from winter quarters to 1188:him out of office, led to his defeat in the 160:January 11, 1892 – January 13, 1896 12009:National Republican Congressional Committee 8371:William McKinley 1896 presidential campaign 6952:Hirschfeld Davis, Julie (August 30, 2015). 5442:The Evolution of American Electoral Systems 3970:. Chicago: Lakeside Press. pp. 204–19. 2193: 2189:William McKinley 1896 presidential campaign 1882: 1501:. McKinley initially thought Scammon was a 85:March 4, 1897 – September 14, 1901 15799:Unknown Soldier for the Vietnam War (1984) 15587: 15573: 15260: 15246: 14805: 14791: 14426: 14412: 14193: 14179: 13945: 13931: 13672: 13658: 13421: 13407: 12998: 12984: 12230: 12216: 12099:High School Republican National Federation 9757: 9743: 9719: 9084: 9070: 8291: 8277: 8261: 7683:Speeches and Addresses of William McKinley 7317:Ohio's Kingmaker: Mark Hanna, Man and Myth 3486:President McKinley's funeral, 1901, part 3 3469:President McKinley's funeral, 1901, part 2 3452:President McKinley's funeral, 1901, part 1 3049: 2965:of both houses of Congress. The resulting 1637:, on June 11. They continued south toward 1102: 1088: 831: 49: 16459:Members of the Methodist Episcopal Church 7763: 3120:(front row to McKinley's right) and Gen. 2780:, McKinley agreed to send the battleship 2593: 2574:. The new Republican dominance began the 2028:Gerrymandering and defeat for re-election 1334:William McKinley Jr. was born in 1843 in 15274:1900 United States presidential election 14819:1896 United States presidential election 14440:1892 United States presidential election 12192:Timeline of modern American conservatism 12024:Republican Attorneys General Association 12019:National Republican Senatorial Committee 8565:McKinley Birthplace Memorial gold dollar 8497:1900 United States presidential election 8366:1896 United States presidential election 8044:The Mississippi Valley Historical Review 8041: 8005:(July 2005). "William McKinley and Us". 6326: 4611: 3730: 3568: 3502:McKinley Birthplace Memorial gold dollar 3495: 3310: 3298: 3255: 3182: 3179:1900 United States presidential election 3111: 3053: 2993: 2933: 2893: 2739:Editorial cartoon intervention in Cuba. 2734: 2608: 2552: 2484: 2456: 2335: 2254: 2197: 2185:1896 United States presidential election 2112: 2080: 2042: 1972:. In 1884, he was elected a delegate to 1943: 1748: 1740: 1587:surprised McKinley with a commission as 1567: 1443: 1325: 1321: 1314:and pro-business sentiment, McKinley is 505: 16404:American people of Scotch-Irish descent 15302: 12014:National Republican Redistricting Trust 8507:Second inauguration of William McKinley 7319:. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press. 7298:Rutherford Hayes: Warrior and President 7171: 6954:"Mount McKinley Will Be Renamed Denali" 3609:where he remained nearly 20 years, and 1614:McKinley and his regiment moved to the 1373:throughout Ohio, in New Lisbon, Niles, 14: 16316: 15703:Unknown Soldier for World War I (1921) 12132:Republican National Coalition for Life 8420:First inauguration of William McKinley 7423: 7292: 6167: 4374: 4346: 4330: 4302: 4281: 4256: 4192: 4176: 4157: 4125: 4097: 4069: 3965: 2961:of Nevada to accomplish the result by 2561: 2331:Cross of Gold speech § Background 1889:Cross of Gold speech § Background 263:March 4, 1885 – March 3, 1891 214:March 4, 1889 – March 3, 1891 16534:Politicians assassinated in the 1900s 16434:Deaths by firearm in New York (state) 15568: 15404: 15241: 15023: 14786: 14667: 14407: 14174: 13926: 13653: 13402: 12979: 12211: 12074:Republican National Hispanic Assembly 9738: 9065: 9052: 8660: 8550:National McKinley Birthplace Memorial 8272: 8132:Text of a number of McKinley speeches 7821: 7789: 7467: 7189: 7040: 6308: 6188: 4453: 4436: 4424: 4412: 4397: 4378: 4362: 4350: 4334: 4318: 4306: 4285: 4260: 4244: 4229: 4213: 4196: 4180: 4161: 4141: 4129: 4113: 4101: 4085: 4073: 4057: 4045: 4033: 4012: 3996: 3984: 3921: 3897: 3798: 2982: 2566:The 1896 presidential election was a 2202:McKinley's close friend and adviser, 1282:McKinley defeated Bryan again in the 1172:, where he practiced law and married 325:March 4, 1877 – May 27, 1884 16499:Progressive Era in the United States 9764: 9054:Articles related to William McKinley 8298: 8190:Extensive essays on William McKinley 8075: 8001: 7745: 7686:. New York: D. Appleton and Company. 7679: 7653: 7578: 7572:the life of william mckinley olcutt. 7138: 7126: 7088: 7076: 6939: 6451: 6394: 5575: 5551: 5465: 5453: 5378: 5294: 5255: 5192: 5180: 5156: 5120: 5060: 5048: 5036: 4973: 4949: 4925: 4877: 4817: 4805: 4757: 4733: 4217: 4145: 4016: 3980: 3937: 3917: 3905: 3802: 3763: 3204:, Roosevelt had resigned and raised 3000:siege of the International Legations 2403:McKinley speaks from his front porch 1168:major. After the war, he settled in 16479:People murdered in New York (state) 15615:State funerals in the United States 8730:for President of the United States 8502:1900 Republican National Convention 8376:1896 Republican National Convention 8356:1888 Republican National Convention 8214:American Presidents: Life Portraits 8205:"Life Portrait of William McKinley" 7962: 7897: 7786:(Routledge, 2021) pp. 376–390. 7559:The Life of William McKinley, 2 vol 7447: 7271: 7100: 6915: 6896: 6845: 6247: 6121: 5282: 4653: 3615:Governor-General of the Philippines 3265:McKinley's inauguration, filmed by 2840:destroyed the Spanish fleet at the 2376:1896 Democratic National Convention 2178: 1987:1888 Republican National Convention 1866:, defeated the Democratic nominee, 1717:lodge (later renamed after him) in 1419:. He was an honorary member of the 884:25th President of the United States 24: 16484:People of the Spanish–American War 16444:Republican Party governors of Ohio 16399:American people of English descent 14203:Ohio's 18th congressional district 13955:Ohio's 17th congressional district 13682:Ohio's 16th congressional district 12117:Republican Main Street Partnership 8940:Ohio's 18th congressional district 8907:Ohio's 20th congressional district 8874:Ohio's 18th congressional district 8841:Ohio's 17th congressional district 8808:Ohio's 16th congressional district 8775:Ohio's 17th congressional district 8230:Works by or about William McKinley 8181:William McKinley: A Resource Guide 7708: 7673: 7552: 7541:Oberholtzer, Ellis Paxson (1937). 7515: 7494: 7333: 7314: 7253:The Presidency of William McKinley 7212: 7162: 7150: 6989: 6977: 6927: 6900: 6872: 6857: 6833: 6804: 6780: 6765: 6753: 6717: 6713: 6701: 6685: 6673: 6649: 6634: 6610: 6475: 6374: 6350: 6263: 6235: 6079: 6067: 6013: 5844: 5587: 5539: 5515: 5495: 5390: 5354: 5330: 5204: 5168: 5084: 5072: 5024: 5009: 4997: 4985: 4937: 4913: 4901: 4889: 4865: 4853: 4841: 4829: 4793: 4781: 4769: 4745: 4717: 4713: 4701: 4689: 4641: 4626: 4607: 4588: 4569: 4544: 4508: 4493: 4476: 4000: 3953: 3925: 3901: 3885: 3873: 3491: 3414:of the Executive Mansion and then 3242:coal miners strike in Pennsylvania 2391: 2064:, populated by solidly Democratic 1941:, a fellow Ohioan and his friend. 1855:Ohio's 17th congressional district 1338:, the seventh of nine children of 457:due to infection in gunshot wound) 25: 16555: 16349:1901 murders in the United States 12059:Congressional Hispanic Conference 8968:House Committee on Ways and Means 8517:Assassination of William McKinley 8150:collected news and commentary at 8141: 8103: 7860: 7603: 7410:. New York: Harper and Brothers. 7398: 7377: 7359:The Presidential Election of 1896 7354: 7248: 7064: 6884: 6821: 6792: 6741: 6729: 6697: 6661: 6622: 6598: 6583: 6579: 6567: 6555: 6543: 6539: 6527: 6523: 6511: 6499: 6487: 6463: 6439: 6418: 6406: 6390: 6378: 6362: 6302: 6290: 6275: 6251: 6223: 6196:"William McKinley Event Timeline" 6182: 6148: 6133: 6106: 6091: 6055: 6040: 6025: 6009: 5997: 5982: 5970: 5955: 5943: 5931: 5919: 5904: 5892: 5880: 5868: 5856: 5832: 5820: 5808: 5796: 5784: 5780: 5768: 5753: 5724: 5712: 5700: 5696: 5684: 5672: 5660: 5635: 5623: 5611: 5599: 5563: 5527: 5511: 5499: 5480: 5402: 5366: 5342: 5318: 5306: 5270: 5240: 5228: 5216: 5144: 5132: 5108: 5096: 4961: 4729: 4677: 4665: 4573: 4527: 4512: 3941: 3869: 3295:Assassination of William McKinley 1974:that year's Republican convention 771:Giving a campaign speech for his 32:William McKinley (disambiguation) 16529:University of Mount Union alumni 16301: 16289: 16277: 16265: 16253: 16241: 14392: 14159: 13911: 13475: 13377: 12621: 12614: 12029:Republican Governors Association 10568:2020 (Charlotte/other locations) 9718: 9709: 9708: 8640: 8639: 8396: 8389: 8246: 8168:"William McKinley (id: M000522)" 7933: 7836:10.1111/j.1741-5705.2005.00274.x 7808:10.1111/j.1741-5705.2010.03829.x 7626: 7518:William McKinley and His America 7450:William McKinley and Our America 7178:Bibliography of William McKinley 7094: 7052: 7007: 7001: 6945: 5730: 5641: 5434: 5421: 5408: 3715: 3690: 3665: 3647: 3474: 3457: 3440: 3288: 3172: 2908:American Anti-Imperialist League 2425:Problems playing this file? See 2407: 1761:in the office of an attorney in 1622:. Crook's corps was attached to 1354:, County Antrim, in present-day 1075: 798: 761: 624: 587: 16494:Presidents of the United States 16218:: Presidents and chief justices 9093:Presidents of the United States 9026:President of the United States 8194:Miller Center of Public Affairs 8136:Miller Center of Public Affairs 7936:The Western Political Quarterly 6200:The American Presidency Project 4459: 3202:Assistant Secretary of the Navy 3152:Wilmington insurrection of 1898 3107: 3021: 2874:largest naval battle of the war 2647:young. Dawes eventually became 2105:, a Democrat, who had defeated 1648:Early's army surprised them at 1564:Shenandoah Valley and promotion 501: 12122:Republican Majority for Choice 11950:Steering and Policy Committees 8534:McKinley at Home, Canton, Ohio 8475:Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899 8315:President of the United States 7993:Presidential Studies Quarterly 7824:Presidential Studies Quarterly 7796:Presidential Studies Quarterly 7498:The President and the Assassin 7190:Armstrong, William H. (2000). 5738:Presidential Studies Quarterly 5444:(Greenwood, 1981) pp. 147-202. 3959: 3814:Until the ratification of the 3770: 3756:McKinley at Home, Canton, Ohio 3575:Harriet Anderson Stubbs Murphy 3400:Funeral, memorials, and legacy 3251: 3165:and the famous black educator 2910:—made their opposition known. 2847:troops sent to the Philippines 2719:Cuba crisis and war with Spain 2657:First National Bank of Chicago 2600:Presidency of William McKinley 2480:had happened to Blaine in 1884 2350:, June 1896, showing McKinley 2285:by boosting support for local 1963:House Ways and Means Committee 1822:high-profile case defending a 1310:. As an innovator of American 1119:president of the United States 836: 202:House Ways and Means Committee 73:President of the United States 13: 1: 16489:Politicians from Canton, Ohio 12187:International Democracy Union 8935:U.S. House of Representatives 8902:U.S. House of Representatives 8869:U.S. House of Representatives 8836:U.S. House of Representatives 8803:U.S. House of Representatives 8770:U.S. House of Representatives 8753:U.S. House of Representatives 7746:Connolly, Michael J. (2010). 7384:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. 3621:came into existence when the 3026:Closer to home, McKinley and 2605:Inauguration and appointments 2277:is the page holding the robe. 1970:Republican National Committee 1878:Rising politician (1877–1895) 1842:businessman. Taking the case 1824:group of striking coal miners 1471:. Dennison appointed Colonel 1440:Western Virginia and Antietam 246:U.S. House of Representatives 56: 7711:The Journal of Negro History 7448:McElroy, Richard L. (1996). 7272:Harpine, William D. (2005). 7236:National Problems: 1880–1897 4466:McKinley, Taylor, Howe, 1886 3852: 3619:United States Secret Service 2978:Expanding influence overseas 2632:of territorial aggression." 2097:Governor of Ohio (1892–1896) 1948:McKinley as a Representative 1870:, by 3,300 votes. Hayes won 1434: 1360:Pine Township, Mercer County 1190:Democratic landslide of 1890 1145:, keeping the nation on the 847:U.S Representative from Ohio 7: 16539:Sigma Alpha Epsilon members 16524:United States Army officers 12069:Republican Jewish Coalition 11984:Republican Governance Group 8351:Coal miners' strike of 1873 8341:23rd Ohio Infantry Regiment 8245:(public domain audiobooks) 8125: 8108: 7965:Political Science Quarterly 7900:Political Science Quarterly 7702: 7690: 7315:Horner, William T. (2010). 4465: 3748: 3704:Alexander Phimister Proctor 3565:Legacy and historical image 3504:was minted in 1916 and 1917 3232:convened the next month in 3088:Viceroy's Executive Council 2649:Comptroller of the Currency 2557:1896 Electoral vote results 2038:16th congressional district 1597:Battle of Buffington Island 876:1893 gubernatorial election 871:1891 gubernatorial election 773:first presidential campaign 715:Shenandoah Valley campaigns 700:Battle of Buffington Island 10: 16560: 16339:1900s in the United States 16334:1890s in the United States 15985:Chestnut and Gibson (1998) 15925:Herbert C. Hoover Building 11989:Republican Study Committee 8978:William McKendree Springer 8540:McKinley National Memorial 8199:McKinley Assassination Ink 7680:McKinley, William (1893). 7562:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin 7501:. New York: Random House. 7355:Jones, Stanley L. (1964). 7213:Cherny, Robert W. (1994). 7175: 7014:Kenneth F. Warren (2008). 5590:, pp. 139–40, 240–41. 3841:Before the passage of the 3547:Department of the Interior 3292: 3176: 2887: 2884:Peace and territorial gain 2864:, on June 22, landed near 2764:war for Cuban independence 2728: 2722: 2597: 2328: 2182: 1886: 1402:the local Methodist church 1284:1900 presidential election 1121:, serving from 1897 until 710:Second Battle of Kernstown 705:Battle of Cloyd's Mountain 466:McKinley National Memorial 29: 16449:Lawyers from Canton, Ohio 16213: 16186: 16108: 16031: 16022: 15966: 15941: 15923: 15905: 15873: 15630: 15621: 15612: 15540: 15507: 15476: 15447: 15418: 15400: 15380: 15353: 15336: 15285: 15213: 15180: 15151: 15107: 15039:National Democratic Party 15037: 15019: 14979: 14942: 14909: 14874: 14847: 14830: 14758: 14725: 14717:William Jennings Demorest 14681: 14663: 14633: 14606: 14595: 14565: 14537: 14520: 14495: 14468: 14451: 14390: 14209: 14157: 13961: 13909: 13688: 13628: 13605:Secretary of the Interior 13603: 13584: 13559: 13528: 13503: 13486:Secretary of the Treasury 13484: 13473: 13444: 13391:indicates acting chairman 13386: 13375: 13013: 12630: 12612: 12253: 12164: 12127:Republican Liberty Caucus 12107: 12037: 11999: 11930: 11919: 11874: 11613: 11599: 11539: 11170: 11161: 10952: 10755: 10618: 9814: 9774: 9704: 9576: 9099: 9059: 9031: 9024: 9016: 9006: 8997: 8989: 8984: 8974: 8964: 8956: 8946: 8931: 8923: 8913: 8898: 8890: 8880: 8865: 8857: 8847: 8832: 8824: 8814: 8799: 8791: 8781: 8766: 8758: 8751: 8741: 8722: 8714: 8704: 8685: 8677: 8672: 8667: 8618: 8595: 8571:William McKinley Monument 8560:William McKinley Memorial 8525: 8405: 8387: 8333: 8306: 8239:Works by William McKinley 8221:Works by William McKinley 8019:10.1017/S1537781400002644 7875:10.1086/POLv36n2ms3235481 7654:Williams, R. Hal (2010). 7604:Pratt, Walter F. (1999). 7588:. New York: Times Books. 7534:Morgan, H. Wayne (1969). 7516:Morgan, H. Wayne (2003). 5566:, pp. 16–17, 174–76. 3674:William McKinley Monument 3613:, whom McKinley had made 3510:William McKinley Monument 3432:the large marble monument 3405:Funeral and resting place 3327:A man in the crowd named 3145:Lake City, South Carolina 3086:to silver coinage if the 2929: 2354:of the currency question. 2325:General election campaign 1872:a hotly disputed election 1737:Legal career and marriage 1546:Army of Northern Virginia 1538:Second Battle of Bull Run 1425:University of Mount Union 1298:on September 6, 1901, by 1286:in a campaign focused on 1275:in 1898, and it became a 1125:in 1901. A member of the 785: 750: 678:Second Battle of Bull Run 648: 638: 620: 612: 600: 595: 583: 566: 540: 523: 515: 486: 476: 461: 447:Manner of death 446: 429: 405: 400: 396: 353: 341: 329: 318: 291: 279: 267: 256: 242: 230: 218: 207: 198: 186: 174: 164: 153: 145: 133: 121: 89: 78: 70: 66: 48: 41: 16474:People from Poland, Ohio 16379:Allegheny College alumni 16374:Albany Law School alumni 13630:Secretary of Agriculture 11897:Northern Mariana Islands 8673:Party political offices 8662:Offices and distinctions 8346:Battle of South Mountain 8166:United States Congress. 8159: 7765:10.14713/njh.v125i1.1019 7433:. New York: Touchstone. 7334:Jensen, Richard (1971). 7249:Gould, Lewis L. (1980). 7233:Dewey, Davis R. (1907). 7183: 5498:, pp. 194–95, 285; 4784:, pp. 59–60, 72–78. 3966:Levere, William (1911). 2194:Obtaining the nomination 1883:Spokesman for protection 1550:Battle of South Mountain 807:This article is part of 757:William McKinley's voice 688:Battle of South Mountain 673:Battle of Carnifex Ferry 16469:People from Niles, Ohio 16364:20th-century Methodists 16354:19th-century Methodists 15449:Social Democratic Party 8512:Pan-American Exposition 8450:China Relief Expedition 8430:Philippine–American War 7930:44.1/2 (2019): 174–181. 7406:In the Days of McKinley 7378:Kazin, Michael (2006). 3512:stands in front of the 3386:Nearer, My God, to Thee 3279:Pan-American Exposition 3274:his second inauguration 3157:According to historian 3050:Tariffs and bimetallism 3016:China Relief Expedition 2890:Philippine–American War 2870:Battle of San Juan Hill 2758:For decades, rebels in 2515:William Randolph Hearst 2498:William Randolph Hearst 2293:, and Illinois Senator 1417:Meadville, Pennsylvania 1277:United States territory 1218:the political stalemate 1208:in which he advocated " 1184:redistricting aimed at 984:Pan American Exposition 938:Philippine–American War 730:Battle of Fisher's Hill 15875:National Statuary Hall 15363:William Jennings Bryan 15089:Julius Sterling Morton 14952:William Jennings Bryan 13613:Cornelius Newton Bliss 11979:Problem Solvers Caucus 9191:William Henry Harrison 8435:Treaty of Paris (1898) 7495:Miller, Scott (2011). 5651:(2009) 9#2 pp. 135–57. 3778:Twenty-fifth Amendment 3739: 3643: 3577: 3505: 3376: 3316: 3308: 3303:McKinley entering the 3269: 3198:Cornelius Newton Bliss 3188: 3125: 3059: 3003: 2946: 2902: 2787:. On February 15, the 2755: 2705:his personal secretary 2624: 2594:Presidency (1897–1901) 2558: 2531: 2506: 2466: 2463:Oil City, Pennsylvania 2396: 2380:William Jennings Bryan 2355: 2278: 2233: 2206: 2126: 2086: 2079: 2057: 1949: 1903: 1754: 1746: 1631:Army of the Shenandoah 1576: 1452: 1331: 1202:William Jennings Bryan 1002:Presidential campaigns 15509:Socialist Labor Party 15153:Socialist Labor Party 15057:Simon Bolivar Buckner 14968:Populist VP nominee: 14727:Socialist Labor Party 13586:Secretary of the Navy 12064:Log Cabin Republicans 9421:Franklin D. Roosevelt 8818:Jonathan T. Updegraff 8455:Hay–Pauncefote Treaty 8323:39th Governor of Ohio 8120:White House biography 7854:127.2 (2020): 32–46. 7575:outdated but detailed 7549:. Macmillan. 791 pp. 7242:June 8, 2012, at the 7020:. SAGE. p. 211. 5195:, pp. 52, 81–82. 4808:, pp. 27, 42–43. 3734: 3638: 3572: 3499: 3396:on October 29, 1901. 3366: 3314: 3302: 3264: 3230:Democratic convention 3221:Republican convention 3212:and New York Senator 3186: 3122:William Rufus Shafter 3115: 3057: 3032:Clayton–Bulwer Treaty 2997: 2937: 2897: 2862:William Rufus Shafter 2738: 2729:Further information: 2686:, former general and 2642:Maine Representative 2629:sworn in as president 2612: 2556: 2526: 2488: 2460: 2395: 2339: 2258: 2228: 2201: 2183:Further information: 2150:the November election 2116: 2084: 2074: 2046: 1947: 1894: 1752: 1744: 1733:, published in 1886. 1605:Army of West Virginia 1571: 1447: 1329: 1322:Early life and family 1232:McKinley's presidency 1224:, beginning with the 968:Judicial appointments 913:Industrial Commission 735:Battle of Cedar Creek 613:Years of service 16439:Deaths from gangrene 16394:Methodists from Ohio 15607:in the United States 15545:Other 1900 elections 15498:Ignatius L. Donnelly 15218:Other 1896 elections 14882:Thomas Brackett Reed 14763:Other 1892 elections 12243:lieutenant governors 12094:Republicans Overseas 12084:Teen Age Republicans 11887:District of Columbia 10288:1964 (San Francisco) 10248:1956 (San Francisco) 9784:National Union Party 9441:Dwight D. Eisenhower 8631:Theodore Roosevelt → 8609:William McKinley Sr. 8425:Spanish–American War 8381:Front porch campaign 7995:34.1 (2004): 50-61. 7790:Kapur, Nick (2011). 7636:Simon & Schuster 7477:Simon & Schuster 7172:General bibliography 6340:. November 13, 1898. 5333:, pp. 272, 318. 5297:, pp. 131, 226. 3822:Sessions of Congress 3629:as the beginning of 3590:Fourth Party Systems 3555:Denali National Park 3167:Booker T. Washington 3141:Hogansville, Georgia 2842:Battle of Manila Bay 2725:Spanish–American War 2697:Jennie Tuttle Hobart 2452:Front Porch Campaign 2384:Cross of Gold speech 2342:William Allen Rogers 2271:Charles H. Grosvenor 2010:Speaker of the House 1797:prosecuting attorney 1719:Winchester, Virginia 1581:Charleston, Virginia 1340:William McKinley Sr. 1249:the peace settlement 1206:front porch campaign 1135:Spanish–American War 1055:Presidential library 933:Spanish–American War 720:Battle of Berryville 531:William McKinley Sr. 410:William McKinley Jr. 16519:Union Army officers 16384:American Freemasons 15777:J. E. Hoover (1972) 15163:Charles H. Matchett 15094:William Lyne Wilson 14745:Charles H. Matchett 13575:Charles Emory Smith 12047:College Republicans 10468:2000 (Philadelphia) 10208:1948 (Philadelphia) 10168:1940 (Philadelphia) 9985:1900 (Philadelphia) 9894:1872 (Philadelphia) 9842:1856 (Philadelphia) 9794:Fourth Party System 9371:William Howard Taft 9291:Rutherford B. Hayes 8762:Laurin D. Woodworth 8603:Ida Saxton McKinley 8440:Newlands Resolution 8185:Library of Congress 7776:3.1 (1979): 77-98. 6899:, pp. 189–93; 6768:, pp. 319–320. 6756:, pp. 318–319. 6716:, pp. 315–17; 6700:, pp. 596–97; 6652:, pp. 298–300. 6542:, pp. 227–28; 6526:, pp. 226–27; 6393:, pp. 159–60; 6377:, pp. 235–37; 6202:. November 10, 2021 6012:, pp. 144–50; 5740:41.1 (2011): 18–38 5649:White House Studies 5542:, pp. 199–200. 4377:, pp. 172–73; 4349:, pp. 170–71; 4333:, pp. 168–69; 4305:, pp. 166–68; 4284:, pp. 162–64; 4259:, pp. 157–58; 4195:, pp. 146–48; 4179:, pp. 141–43; 4160:, pp. 136–41; 4128:, pp. 128–30; 4100:, pp. 125–26; 4072:, pp. 120–21; 3611:William Howard Taft 2967:Newlands Resolution 2959:Francis G. Newlands 2824:Henry Clarke Corbin 2799:was blown up by an 2754:, February 6, 1897. 2701:George B. Cortelyou 2655:, president of the 2576:Fourth Party System 2568:realigning election 2562:Realignment of 1896 2239:, such as Senators 2159:. A businessman in 1922:Coinage Act of 1873 1771:admitted to the bar 1745:Ida Saxton McKinley 1693:Winfield S. Hancock 1635:Lexington, Virginia 1542:Army of the Potomac 1488:Rutherford B. Hayes 1449:Rutherford B. Hayes 1421:Sigma Alpha Epsilon 1222:Fourth Party System 1214:realigning election 1070:Fourth Party System 979:Second inauguration 943:Hawaiian Annexation 928:Newlands Resolution 553:Mount Union College 348:Jonathan H. Wallace 336:Laurin D. Woodworth 237:William M. Springer 16260:American Civil War 15977:US Capitol rotunda 15943:Old Senate Chamber 15632:US Capitol rotunda 15519:Joseph F. Malloney 15323:Theodore Roosevelt 15200:James H. Southgate 15192:Charles E. Bentley 15143:Charles E. Bentley 15002:J. C. S. Blackburn 14992:Robert E. Pattison 14897:William B. Allison 13619:Ethan A. Hitchcock 13561:Postmaster General 13446:Secretary of State 12079:Republicans Abroad 11944:Legislative Digest 10408:1988 (New Orleans) 10348:1976 (Kansas City) 10328:1972 (Miami Beach) 10308:1968 (Miami Beach) 10108:1928 (Kansas City) 9972:1896 (Saint Louis) 9959:1892 (Minneapolis) 9804:Sixth Party System 9799:Fifth Party System 9789:Third Party System 9361:Theodore Roosevelt 9035:Theodore Roosevelt 8985:Political offices 8861:Addison S. McClure 8745:Theodore Roosevelt 8624:← Grover Cleveland 8153:The New York Times 7774:Diplomatic History 7752:New Jersey History 7650:emphasis on voters 7600:emphasis on voters 7107:Smithsonianmag.com 7091:, pp. 163–64. 7079:, pp. 156–57. 7043:, pp. 736–60. 6958:The New York Times 6836:, pp. 402–03. 6807:, pp. 321–30. 6720:, pp. 401–02. 6704:, pp. 312–15. 6688:, pp. 301–02. 6676:, pp. 300–01. 6664:, pp. 250–51. 6625:, pp. 247–49. 6613:, pp. 289–90. 6558:, pp. 549–57. 6546:, pp. 544–46. 6530:, pp. 543–44. 6514:, pp. 219–20. 6502:, pp. 540–42. 6478:, pp. 260–66. 6466:, pp. 531–33. 6454:, pp. 120–22. 6442:, pp. 215–17. 6421:, pp. 213–14. 6409:, pp. 207–08. 6365:, pp. 156–57. 6293:, pp. 153–54. 6278:, pp. 169–71. 6266:, pp. 218–19. 6238:, pp. 217–18. 6170:, pp. 256–59. 6151:, pp. 196–98. 6109:, pp. 220–22. 6000:, pp. 142–43. 5985:, pp. 120–21. 5973:, pp. 118–19. 5934:, pp. 112–13. 5922:, pp. 110–12. 5907:, pp. 253–58. 5895:, pp. 109–10. 5883:, pp. 249–52. 5871:, pp. 107–09. 5859:, pp. 214–15. 5847:, pp. 467–68. 5799:, pp. 203–07. 5771:, pp. 102–03. 5687:, pp. 171–72. 5518:, pp. 236–38. 5502:, pp. 152–53. 5468:, pp. 207–08. 5431:(2010) pp 169-170. 5321:, pp. 176–77. 5258:, pp. 130–31. 5171:, pp. 159–62. 5147:, pp. 117–19. 5135:, pp. 119–25. 5027:, pp. 130–34. 5012:, pp. 129–30. 5000:, pp. 128–29. 4916:, pp. 117–19. 4892:, pp. 151–53. 4868:, pp. 150–51. 4732:, pp. 36–37; 4720:, pp. 181–82. 4716:, pp. 46–47; 4704:, pp. 180–81. 4610:, pp. 40–41; 4572:, pp. 37–39; 4515:, pp. 12, 21. 4511:, pp. 31–33; 4456:, pp. 103–05. 4439:, pp. 99–101. 4216:, pp. 38–41; 4144:, pp. 25–29; 3920:, pp. 17–18; 3801:, pp. 38–41; 3740: 3578: 3506: 3424:West Lawn Cemetery 3321:Umberto I of Italy 3317: 3309: 3270: 3206:a cavalry regiment 3189: 3163:Tuskegee Institute 3159:Clarence A. Bacote 3143:, in 1897, and at 3126: 3060: 3004: 2983:Open door in China 2951:Republic of Hawaii 2947: 2943:Republic of Hawaii 2903: 2776:reported riots in 2756: 2673:Theodore Roosevelt 2644:Nelson Dingley Jr. 2637:Secretary of State 2625: 2588:New Deal coalition 2584:Franklin Roosevelt 2572:Third Party System 2559: 2507: 2467: 2397: 2356: 2279: 2223:William B. Allison 2207: 2137:President Harrison 2127: 2087: 2070:Secretary of State 2066:Pennsylvania Dutch 2058: 1950: 1755: 1753:Katherine McKinley 1747: 1620:resume hostilities 1595:'s cavalry at the 1577: 1558:Battle of Antietam 1495:Eliakim P. Scammon 1462:23rd Ohio Infantry 1453: 1332: 1308:Theodore Roosevelt 1273:Republic of Hawaii 1164:and ended it as a 1158:American Civil War 1151:protective tariffs 903:First inauguration 858:39th Governor of 842:Early Legal Career 693:Battle of Antietam 668:American Civil War 643:23rd Ohio Infantry 433:September 14, 1901 140:Theodore Roosevelt 112:Theodore Roosevelt 18:President McKinley 16229: 16228: 16223: 16222: 16209: 16208: 16201:Lautenberg (2013) 16110:Great Hall of the 16018: 16017: 15962: 15961: 15729:R. A. Taft (1953) 15562: 15561: 15536: 15535: 15420:Prohibition Party 15396: 15395: 15371:Adlai Stevenson I 15332: 15331: 15235: 15234: 15209: 15208: 15135:Other candidates: 15109:Prohibition Party 15065:Other candidates: 15015: 15014: 14936: 14905: 14904: 14780: 14779: 14754: 14753: 14712:Gideon T. Stewart 14709:Other candidates: 14701:James B. Cranfill 14683:Prohibition Party 14659: 14658: 14651:Walter Q. Gresham 14591: 14590: 14547:Benjamin Harrison 14516: 14515: 14486:Adlai Stevenson I 14401: 14400: 14168: 14167: 13920: 13919: 13647: 13646: 13569:James Albert Gary 13550:Philander C. Knox 13396: 13395: 12973: 12972: 12205: 12204: 12160: 12159: 12089:Young Republicans 11957:Senate Conference 11915: 11914: 11595: 11594: 9907:1876 (Cincinnati) 9732: 9731: 9511:George H. W. Bush 9461:Lyndon B. Johnson 9391:Warren G. Harding 9331:Benjamin Harrison 9311:Chester A. Arthur 9301:James A. Garfield 9161:John Quincy Adams 9111:George Washington 9046: 9045: 9041: 9040: 9032:Succeeded by 9007:Succeeded by 8993:James E. Campbell 8975:Succeeded by 8947:Succeeded by 8914:Succeeded by 8881:Succeeded by 8848:Succeeded by 8815:Succeeded by 8782:Succeeded by 8742:Succeeded by 8718:Benjamin Harrison 8705:Succeeded by 8681:Joseph B. Foraker 8654: 8653: 8492:Gold Standard Act 8487:Lacey Act of 1900 8225:Project Gutenberg 8217:, August 23, 1999 8076:PhD dissertations 7665:978-0-7006-1721-0 7619:978-1-57003-309-4 7595:978-0-8050-6953-2 7527:978-0-87338-765-1 7508:978-1-4000-6752-7 7459:978-0-9634712-1-5 7440:978-0-671-24409-5 7425:McCullough, David 7391:978-0-375-41135-9 7370:978-0-299-03094-0 7347:978-0-226-39825-9 7326:978-0-8214-1894-9 7307:978-0-7006-0641-2 7285:978-1-58544-559-2 7264:978-0-7006-0206-3 7226:978-0-8061-2667-8 7205:978-0-87338-657-9 7027:978-1-4129-5489-1 6226:, pp. 45–46. 6185:, pp. 44–45. 6058:, pp. 98–99. 6043:, pp. 49–50. 5823:, pp. 97–98. 5756:, pp. 91–93. 5727:, pp. 86–87. 5715:, pp. 79–81. 5703:, pp. 78–79. 5663:, pp. 71–72. 5638:, pp. 68–70. 5626:, pp. 65–66. 5578:, pp. 29–31. 5483:, pp. 17–18. 5456:, pp. 73–77. 5427:R. Hal Williams, 5405:, pp. 76–77. 5273:, pp. 88–89. 5243:, pp. 85–87. 5231:, pp. 10–11. 5207:, pp. 55–56. 5159:, pp. 71–72. 5051:, pp. 69–70. 4988:, pp. 92–96. 4940:, pp. 86–87. 4856:, pp. 60–62. 4844:, pp. 59–60. 4796:, pp. 80–81. 4772:, pp. 73–74. 4760:, pp. 60–61. 4736:, pp. 42–44. 4614:, pp. 78–80. 4591:, pp. 39–40. 4576:, pp. 16–20. 4547:, pp. 34–35. 4530:, pp. 11–12. 4496:, pp. 30–31. 4479:, pp. 28–30. 4427:, pp. 98–99. 4415:, pp. 95–96. 4400:, pp. 84–91. 4381:, pp. 80–82. 4365:, pp. 78–80. 4353:, pp. 75–77. 4337:, pp. 72–73. 4321:, pp. 70–71. 4309:, pp. 66–69. 4263:, pp. 47–55. 4247:, pp. 44–45. 4232:, pp. 43–44. 4199:, pp. 36–38. 4183:, pp. 33–36. 4164:, pp. 30–33. 4132:, pp. 24–25. 4116:, pp. 22–23. 4104:, pp. 18–22. 4088:, pp. 15–16. 4060:, pp. 12–14. 4048:, pp. 10–11. 4019:, pp. 20–21. 4003:, pp. 11–12. 3928:, pp. 10–11. 3764:Explanatory notes 3746: 3745: 3708:Buffalo City Hall 3699:McKinley Monument 3481: 3464: 3447: 3283:Buffalo, New York 3262: 3102:Gold Standard Act 3080:Edward O. Wolcott 3074:. Prime Minister 3036:Julian Pauncefote 2819:, and later from 2544:Electoral College 2412: 2103:James E. Campbell 2003:Benjamin Harrison 1982:Joseph B. Foraker 1934:Bland–Allison Act 1864:protective tariff 1767:Albany Law School 1702:Lee and his army 1689:Samuel S. Carroll 1685:John D. Stevenson 1616:Shenandoah Valley 1589:second lieutenant 1473:William Rosecrans 1413:Allegheny College 1330:McKinley, aged 15 1240:Gold Standard Act 1192:. He was elected 1123:his assassination 1112: 1111: 1060:McKinley Monument 963:Executive actions 948:Gold Standard Act 918:Army beef scandal 837:Civil War service 824: 823: 789: 788: 766: 725:Battle of Opequon 683:Maryland campaign 558:Albany Law School 548:Allegheny College 440:Buffalo, New York 181:James E. Campbell 16:(Redirected from 16551: 16324:William McKinley 16306: 16305: 16304: 16294: 16293: 16282: 16281: 16270: 16269: 16268: 16258: 16257: 16256: 16246: 16245: 16244: 16237: 16112:US Supreme Court 16029: 16028: 15973: 15972: 15751:MacArthur (1964) 15628: 15627: 15589: 15582: 15575: 15566: 15565: 15527:Valentine Remmel 15438:Henry B. Metcalf 15402: 15401: 15381:Other candidates 15369:Vice President: 15351: 15350: 15339:Democratic Party 15321:Vice President: 15312:William McKinley 15300: 15299: 15288:Republican Party 15262: 15255: 15248: 15239: 15238: 15084:John G. Carlisle 15078:Grover Cleveland 15073:William F. Vilas 15021: 15020: 14987:Richard P. Bland 14980:Other candidates 14970:Thomas E. Watson 14958:Vice President: 14940: 14939: 14932: 14925: 14922: 14912:Democratic Party 14875:Other candidates 14863:Vice President: 14857:William McKinley 14845: 14844: 14833:Republican Party 14807: 14800: 14793: 14784: 14783: 14665: 14664: 14646:Leonidas L. Polk 14634:Other candidates 14622:Vice President: 14604: 14603: 14578:William McKinley 14566:Other candidates 14554:Vice President: 14535: 14534: 14523:Republican Party 14496:Other candidates 14484:Vice President: 14478:Grover Cleveland 14466: 14465: 14454:Democratic Party 14428: 14421: 14414: 14405: 14404: 14396: 14395: 14195: 14188: 14181: 14172: 14171: 14163: 14162: 13947: 13940: 13933: 13924: 13923: 13915: 13914: 13674: 13667: 13660: 13651: 13650: 13530:Attorney General 13513:Russell A. Alger 13505:Secretary of War 13479: 13478: 13437:William McKinley 13423: 13416: 13409: 13400: 13399: 13381: 13000: 12993: 12986: 12977: 12976: 12625: 12624: 12618: 12617: 12232: 12225: 12218: 12209: 12208: 11962:Policy Committee 11938:House Conference 11928: 11927: 11611: 11610: 11168: 11167: 10588:2024 (Milwaukee) 10548:2016 (Cleveland) 10448:1996 (San Diego) 10148:1936 (Cleveland) 10088:1924 (Cleveland) 9868:1864 (Baltimore) 9768: 9767:Republican Party 9759: 9752: 9745: 9736: 9735: 9722: 9721: 9712: 9711: 9351:William McKinley 9341:Grover Cleveland 9321:Grover Cleveland 9281:Ulysses S. Grant 9231:Millard Fillmore 9181:Martin Van Buren 9131:Thomas Jefferson 9086: 9079: 9072: 9063: 9062: 9050: 9049: 9020:Grover Cleveland 9017:Preceded by 9000:Governor of Ohio 8990:Preceded by 8957:Preceded by 8950:Joseph D. Taylor 8924:Preceded by 8917:George W. Crouse 8891:Preceded by 8884:Jonathan Wallace 8858:Preceded by 8851:Joseph D. Taylor 8825:Preceded by 8792:Preceded by 8759:Preceded by 8715:Preceded by 8692:Governor of Ohio 8678:Preceded by 8670: 8669: 8658: 8657: 8643: 8642: 8445:Open Door Policy 8400: 8393: 8326: 8318: 8300:William McKinley 8293: 8286: 8279: 8270: 8269: 8265: 8254:William McKinley 8250: 8249: 8234:Internet Archive 8177: 8148:William McKinley 8067: 8038: 7988: 7959: 7923: 7894: 7847: 7811: 7769: 7767: 7742: 7698: 7687: 7669: 7649: 7623: 7611: 7599: 7585:William McKinley 7574: 7569: 7567: 7531: 7512: 7490: 7469:Merry, Robert W. 7463: 7444: 7420:popular history. 7419: 7409: 7395: 7374: 7362: 7351: 7330: 7311: 7289: 7268: 7256: 7230: 7209: 7197: 7166: 7160: 7154: 7148: 7142: 7136: 7130: 7124: 7118: 7117: 7115: 7113: 7098: 7092: 7086: 7080: 7074: 7068: 7062: 7056: 7050: 7044: 7038: 7032: 7031: 7011: 7005: 6999: 6993: 6987: 6981: 6975: 6969: 6968: 6966: 6964: 6949: 6943: 6937: 6931: 6925: 6919: 6913: 6904: 6894: 6888: 6882: 6876: 6870: 6861: 6855: 6849: 6843: 6837: 6831: 6825: 6819: 6808: 6802: 6796: 6790: 6784: 6778: 6769: 6763: 6757: 6751: 6745: 6739: 6733: 6727: 6721: 6711: 6705: 6695: 6689: 6683: 6677: 6671: 6665: 6659: 6653: 6647: 6638: 6632: 6626: 6620: 6614: 6608: 6602: 6596: 6587: 6577: 6571: 6565: 6559: 6553: 6547: 6537: 6531: 6521: 6515: 6509: 6503: 6497: 6491: 6485: 6479: 6473: 6467: 6461: 6455: 6449: 6443: 6437: 6422: 6416: 6410: 6404: 6398: 6388: 6382: 6372: 6366: 6360: 6354: 6348: 6342: 6341: 6330: 6324: 6323: 6312: 6306: 6300: 6294: 6288: 6279: 6273: 6267: 6261: 6255: 6245: 6239: 6233: 6227: 6221: 6212: 6211: 6209: 6207: 6192: 6186: 6180: 6171: 6165: 6152: 6146: 6137: 6131: 6125: 6119: 6110: 6104: 6095: 6089: 6083: 6077: 6071: 6065: 6059: 6053: 6044: 6038: 6029: 6023: 6017: 6007: 6001: 5995: 5986: 5980: 5974: 5968: 5959: 5953: 5947: 5941: 5935: 5929: 5923: 5917: 5908: 5902: 5896: 5890: 5884: 5878: 5872: 5866: 5860: 5854: 5848: 5842: 5836: 5830: 5824: 5818: 5812: 5806: 5800: 5794: 5788: 5778: 5772: 5766: 5757: 5751: 5745: 5734: 5728: 5722: 5716: 5710: 5704: 5694: 5688: 5682: 5676: 5670: 5664: 5658: 5652: 5645: 5639: 5633: 5627: 5621: 5615: 5609: 5603: 5597: 5591: 5585: 5579: 5573: 5567: 5561: 5555: 5549: 5543: 5537: 5531: 5525: 5519: 5509: 5503: 5493: 5484: 5478: 5469: 5463: 5457: 5451: 5445: 5438: 5432: 5425: 5419: 5418:(2003) pp 57-85. 5416:William McKinley 5414:Kevin Phillips, 5412: 5406: 5400: 5394: 5388: 5382: 5376: 5370: 5364: 5358: 5352: 5346: 5340: 5334: 5328: 5322: 5316: 5310: 5304: 5298: 5292: 5286: 5280: 5274: 5268: 5259: 5253: 5244: 5238: 5232: 5226: 5220: 5214: 5208: 5202: 5196: 5190: 5184: 5178: 5172: 5166: 5160: 5154: 5148: 5142: 5136: 5130: 5124: 5118: 5112: 5106: 5100: 5094: 5088: 5082: 5076: 5070: 5064: 5058: 5052: 5046: 5040: 5034: 5028: 5022: 5013: 5007: 5001: 4995: 4989: 4983: 4977: 4971: 4965: 4959: 4953: 4947: 4941: 4935: 4929: 4923: 4917: 4911: 4905: 4899: 4893: 4887: 4881: 4875: 4869: 4863: 4857: 4851: 4845: 4839: 4833: 4827: 4821: 4815: 4809: 4803: 4797: 4791: 4785: 4779: 4773: 4767: 4761: 4755: 4749: 4743: 4737: 4727: 4721: 4711: 4705: 4699: 4693: 4687: 4681: 4675: 4669: 4663: 4657: 4651: 4645: 4639: 4630: 4624: 4615: 4605: 4592: 4586: 4577: 4567: 4548: 4542: 4531: 4525: 4516: 4506: 4497: 4491: 4480: 4474: 4468: 4463: 4457: 4451: 4440: 4434: 4428: 4422: 4416: 4410: 4401: 4395: 4382: 4372: 4366: 4360: 4354: 4344: 4338: 4328: 4322: 4316: 4310: 4300: 4289: 4288:, p. 63–65. 4279: 4264: 4254: 4248: 4242: 4233: 4227: 4221: 4211: 4200: 4190: 4184: 4174: 4165: 4155: 4149: 4139: 4133: 4123: 4117: 4111: 4105: 4095: 4089: 4083: 4077: 4067: 4061: 4055: 4049: 4043: 4037: 4036:, pp. 8–10. 4031: 4020: 4015:, pp. 3–4; 4010: 4004: 3994: 3988: 3978: 3972: 3971: 3963: 3957: 3956:, pp. 9–10. 3951: 3945: 3935: 3929: 3915: 3909: 3904:, pp. 2–3; 3900:, pp. 4–6; 3895: 3889: 3883: 3877: 3867: 3846: 3839: 3833: 3831: 3812: 3806: 3787: 3781: 3774: 3735:McKinley on the 3727: 3726: 3719: 3694: 3681:in front of the 3669: 3651: 3483: 3482: 3466: 3465: 3449: 3448: 3263: 3118:Allen D. Candler 2989:Open Door Policy 2972:manifest destiny 2963:joint resolution 2866:Santiago de Cuba 2821:Adjutant General 2805:Teller Amendment 2793:court of inquiry 2684:Russell A. Alger 2682:, which fell to 2680:Secretary of War 2621:Grover Cleveland 2513:, controlled by 2503:New York Journal 2435:Bryan's campaign 2414: 2413: 2394: 2344:'s cartoon from 2299:Charles G. Dawes 2243:of New York and 2237:political bosses 2179:Election of 1896 2085:McKinley in 1896 1907: 1801:William A. Lynch 1711:Ulysses S. Grant 1609:Cloyd's Mountain 1593:John Hunt Morgan 1534:Army of Virginia 1499:Kanawha Division 1469:William Dennison 1356:Northern Ireland 1271:the independent 1194:governor of Ohio 1127:Republican Party 1115:William McKinley 1104: 1097: 1090: 1079: 1078: 923:Teller Amendment 820: 819: 817: 816:William McKinley 810: 802: 795: 794: 791: 790: 768: 767: 659: 628: 596:Military service 591: 509: 507: 503: 436: 420:January 29, 1843 419: 417: 401:Personal details 388: 380: 372: 364: 344: 332: 323: 310: 302: 286:Joseph D. Taylor 282: 270: 261: 233: 221: 212: 189: 177: 169:Andrew L. Harris 158: 148:Governor of Ohio 136: 128:Grover Cleveland 124: 94: 83: 61: 58: 53: 43:William McKinley 39: 38: 21: 16559: 16558: 16554: 16553: 16552: 16550: 16549: 16548: 16454:McKinley family 16414:Burials in Ohio 16314: 16313: 16312: 16302: 16300: 16288: 16276: 16266: 16264: 16254: 16252: 16242: 16240: 16232: 16230: 16225: 16224: 16219: 16205: 16182: 16178:O'Connor (2023) 16169:Ginsburg (2020, 16146:Blackmun (1999) 16128:Marshall (1993) 16111: 16104: 16014: 16010:Williams (2022) 16000:Sicknick (2021) 15958: 15937: 15919: 15901: 15888:Ginsburg (2020, 15883:Cummings (2019) 15869: 15790:Humphrey (1978) 15724:Pershing (1948) 15693:L'Enfant (1909) 15617: 15608: 15593: 15563: 15558: 15532: 15503: 15472: 15443: 15430:John G. Woolley 15414: 15392: 15376: 15342: 15328: 15291: 15281: 15266: 15236: 15231: 15205: 15176: 15171:Matthew Maguire 15147: 15119:Joshua Levering 15103: 15099:Henry Watterson 15068:Edward S. Bragg 15033: 15011: 15007:Claude Matthews 14975: 14930: 14923: 14921: 14915: 14901: 14870: 14836: 14826: 14811: 14781: 14776: 14750: 14721: 14677: 14655: 14629: 14616:James B. Weaver 14587: 14573:James G. Blaine 14561: 14526: 14512: 14491: 14457: 14447: 14432: 14402: 14397: 14393: 14388: 14205: 14199: 14169: 14164: 14160: 14155: 13957: 13951: 13921: 13916: 13912: 13907: 13684: 13678: 13648: 13643: 13624: 13599: 13594:John Davis Long 13580: 13555: 13524: 13499: 13480: 13476: 13471: 13440: 13427: 13397: 13392: 13382: 13373: 13009: 13004: 12974: 12969: 12632: 12626: 12622: 12620: 12619: 12615: 12610: 12249: 12236: 12206: 12201: 12156: 12109: 12103: 12039: 12033: 12001: 11995: 11922: 11911: 11870: 11606: 11604: 11591: 11540:Chair elections 11535: 11157: 11056:D. B. Henderson 11044:T. J. Henderson 10969: 10966: 10964: 10959: 10955: 10948: 10766: 10763: 10761: 10758: 10751: 10624:administrations 10622: 10614: 10508:2008 (St. Paul) 10488:2004 (New York) 9833: 9830: 9828: 9824: 9821: 9817: 9810: 9770: 9766: 9763: 9733: 9728: 9700: 9626:F. D. Roosevelt 9578: 9572: 9571: 9570: 9451:John F. Kennedy 9431:Harry S. Truman 9401:Calvin Coolidge 9261:Abraham Lincoln 9241:Franklin Pierce 9101: 9095: 9090: 9055: 9047: 9042: 9037: 9028: 9022: 9012: 9003: 8995: 8980: 8971: 8962: 8952: 8943: 8937: 8929: 8927:Isaac H. Taylor 8919: 8910: 8904: 8896: 8886: 8877: 8871: 8863: 8853: 8844: 8838: 8830: 8820: 8811: 8805: 8797: 8795:Lorenzo Danford 8787: 8778: 8772: 8764: 8747: 8732: 8720: 8710: 8708:Asa S. Bushnell 8695: 8683: 8663: 8655: 8650: 8614: 8591: 8521: 8409: 8401: 8395: 8394: 8385: 8361:McKinley Tariff 8329: 8321: 8310: 8302: 8297: 8247: 8162: 8144: 8128: 8111: 8106: 8078: 8073: 8071: 8056:10.2307/1896406 7977:10.2307/2142930 7912:10.2307/2150973 7784:South East Asia 7723:10.2307/2716432 7705: 7676: 7674:Primary sources 7666: 7646: 7620: 7596: 7580:Phillips, Kevin 7565: 7563: 7554:Olcott, Charles 7528: 7509: 7491:popular history 7487: 7464:popular history 7460: 7441: 7400:Leech, Margaret 7392: 7371: 7348: 7327: 7308: 7294:Hoogenboom, Ari 7286: 7265: 7244:Wayback Machine 7227: 7206: 7186: 7180: 7174: 7169: 7161: 7157: 7149: 7145: 7137: 7133: 7125: 7121: 7111: 7109: 7099: 7095: 7087: 7083: 7075: 7071: 7063: 7059: 7051: 7047: 7039: 7035: 7028: 7012: 7008: 7000: 6996: 6988: 6984: 6976: 6972: 6962: 6960: 6950: 6946: 6938: 6934: 6926: 6922: 6914: 6907: 6895: 6891: 6883: 6879: 6871: 6864: 6856: 6852: 6844: 6840: 6832: 6828: 6820: 6811: 6803: 6799: 6791: 6787: 6779: 6772: 6764: 6760: 6752: 6748: 6740: 6736: 6728: 6724: 6712: 6708: 6696: 6692: 6684: 6680: 6672: 6668: 6660: 6656: 6648: 6641: 6633: 6629: 6621: 6617: 6609: 6605: 6597: 6590: 6582:, p. 229; 6578: 6574: 6566: 6562: 6554: 6550: 6538: 6534: 6522: 6518: 6510: 6506: 6498: 6494: 6486: 6482: 6474: 6470: 6462: 6458: 6450: 6446: 6438: 6425: 6417: 6413: 6405: 6401: 6389: 6385: 6373: 6369: 6361: 6357: 6349: 6345: 6332: 6331: 6327: 6322:. July 1, 2020. 6314: 6313: 6309: 6301: 6297: 6289: 6282: 6274: 6270: 6262: 6258: 6250:, p. 586; 6246: 6242: 6234: 6230: 6222: 6215: 6205: 6203: 6194: 6193: 6189: 6181: 6174: 6166: 6155: 6147: 6140: 6132: 6128: 6120: 6113: 6105: 6098: 6090: 6086: 6078: 6074: 6066: 6062: 6054: 6047: 6039: 6032: 6024: 6020: 6008: 6004: 5996: 5989: 5981: 5977: 5969: 5962: 5954: 5950: 5942: 5938: 5930: 5926: 5918: 5911: 5903: 5899: 5891: 5887: 5879: 5875: 5867: 5863: 5855: 5851: 5843: 5839: 5831: 5827: 5819: 5815: 5807: 5803: 5795: 5791: 5779: 5775: 5767: 5760: 5752: 5748: 5735: 5731: 5723: 5719: 5711: 5707: 5699:, p. 173; 5695: 5691: 5683: 5679: 5671: 5667: 5659: 5655: 5646: 5642: 5634: 5630: 5622: 5618: 5610: 5606: 5598: 5594: 5586: 5582: 5574: 5570: 5562: 5558: 5550: 5546: 5538: 5534: 5526: 5522: 5510: 5506: 5494: 5487: 5479: 5472: 5464: 5460: 5452: 5448: 5439: 5435: 5426: 5422: 5413: 5409: 5401: 5397: 5389: 5385: 5377: 5373: 5365: 5361: 5353: 5349: 5341: 5337: 5329: 5325: 5317: 5313: 5305: 5301: 5293: 5289: 5281: 5277: 5269: 5262: 5254: 5247: 5239: 5235: 5227: 5223: 5215: 5211: 5203: 5199: 5191: 5187: 5179: 5175: 5167: 5163: 5155: 5151: 5143: 5139: 5131: 5127: 5119: 5115: 5107: 5103: 5095: 5091: 5083: 5079: 5071: 5067: 5059: 5055: 5047: 5043: 5035: 5031: 5023: 5016: 5008: 5004: 4996: 4992: 4984: 4980: 4972: 4968: 4960: 4956: 4948: 4944: 4936: 4932: 4924: 4920: 4912: 4908: 4900: 4896: 4888: 4884: 4876: 4872: 4864: 4860: 4852: 4848: 4840: 4836: 4828: 4824: 4816: 4812: 4804: 4800: 4792: 4788: 4780: 4776: 4768: 4764: 4756: 4752: 4744: 4740: 4728: 4724: 4712: 4708: 4700: 4696: 4688: 4684: 4676: 4672: 4664: 4660: 4652: 4648: 4640: 4633: 4625: 4618: 4606: 4595: 4587: 4580: 4568: 4551: 4543: 4534: 4526: 4519: 4507: 4500: 4492: 4483: 4475: 4471: 4464: 4460: 4452: 4443: 4435: 4431: 4423: 4419: 4411: 4404: 4396: 4385: 4373: 4369: 4361: 4357: 4345: 4341: 4329: 4325: 4317: 4313: 4301: 4292: 4280: 4267: 4255: 4251: 4243: 4236: 4228: 4224: 4212: 4203: 4191: 4187: 4175: 4168: 4156: 4152: 4140: 4136: 4124: 4120: 4112: 4108: 4096: 4092: 4084: 4080: 4068: 4064: 4056: 4052: 4044: 4040: 4032: 4023: 4011: 4007: 3995: 3991: 3979: 3975: 3964: 3960: 3952: 3948: 3944:, pp. 4–5. 3936: 3932: 3916: 3912: 3896: 3892: 3884: 3880: 3868: 3859: 3855: 3850: 3849: 3840: 3836: 3825: 3813: 3809: 3795:Nelson A. Miles 3788: 3784: 3775: 3771: 3766: 3751: 3723: 3720: 3711: 3695: 3686: 3683:Ohio Statehouse 3670: 3661: 3655:McKinley's tomb 3652: 3631:American empire 3567: 3530:McKinley School 3514:Ohio Statehouse 3494: 3492:Other memorials 3487: 3484: 3475: 3470: 3467: 3458: 3453: 3450: 3441: 3420:Capitol Rotunda 3407: 3402: 3351:John G. Milburn 3338:Temple of Music 3305:Temple of Music 3297: 3291: 3256: 3254: 3214:Thomas C. Platt 3181: 3175: 3110: 3052: 3024: 3008:Boxer Rebellion 2985: 2980: 2932: 2920:Treaty of Paris 2900:Treaty of Paris 2898:Signing of the 2892: 2886: 2813:Nelson A. Miles 2801:underwater mine 2733: 2727: 2721: 2709:press secretary 2669:John Davis Long 2665:Navy Department 2617:Melville Fuller 2607: 2602: 2596: 2578:that would end 2564: 2519:Homer Davenport 2494:Homer Davenport 2432: 2431: 2423: 2421: 2420: 2419: 2418: 2415: 2408: 2405: 2398: 2392: 2365:Henry M. Teller 2352:riding the rail 2347:Harper's Weekly 2334: 2327: 2260:Louis Dalrymple 2196: 2191: 2181: 2119:James G. Blaine 2099: 2091:John G. Warwick 2056:" Ohio district 2030: 2022:McKinley Tariff 1995:James G. Blaine 1980:, and Governor 1909: 1905: 1892: 1885: 1880: 1868:Levi L. Lamborn 1739: 1681:Abraham Lincoln 1654:Philip Sheridan 1566: 1442: 1437: 1409:Poland Seminary 1383:Western Reserve 1324: 1312:interventionism 1226:Progressive Era 1178:McKinley Tariff 1139:monetary policy 1108: 1076: 1074: 1046: 1043: 1003: 1000: 975: 972: 958:Platt Amendment 953:Boxer Rebellion 899: 896: 895: 885: 882: 862: 856: 852:McKinley Tariff 815: 813: 812: 811: 808: 806: 781: 780: 779: 778: 777: 775: 769: 762: 759: 746: 743: 661: 660: 655: 579: 562: 536: 511: 499: 495: 477:Political party 469: 438: 434: 421: 415: 413: 412: 411: 392: 342: 330: 324: 319: 314: 280: 268: 262: 257: 248: 244: 231: 219: 213: 208: 200: 193:Asa S. Bushnell 187: 175: 159: 154: 134: 122: 117: 114:(Mar–Sep. 1901) 113: 90: 84: 79: 62: 59: 44: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 16557: 16547: 16546: 16541: 16536: 16531: 16526: 16521: 16516: 16511: 16506: 16501: 16496: 16491: 16486: 16481: 16476: 16471: 16466: 16461: 16456: 16451: 16446: 16441: 16436: 16431: 16426: 16421: 16416: 16411: 16406: 16401: 16396: 16391: 16386: 16381: 16376: 16371: 16366: 16361: 16356: 16351: 16346: 16341: 16336: 16331: 16326: 16311: 16310: 16298: 16286: 16274: 16262: 16250: 16227: 16226: 16221: 16220: 16214: 16211: 16210: 16207: 16206: 16204: 16203: 16198: 16192: 16190: 16188:Senate Chamber 16184: 16183: 16181: 16180: 16175: 16166: 16164:Stevens (2019) 16161: 16156: 16148: 16143: 16141:Brennan (1997) 16138: 16130: 16125: 16116: 16114: 16106: 16105: 16103: 16102: 16090: 16082: 16074: 16066: 16054: 16046: 16037: 16035: 16026: 16024:Lain in repose 16020: 16019: 16016: 16015: 16013: 16012: 16007: 16002: 15997: 15992: 15987: 15981: 15979: 15970: 15964: 15963: 15960: 15959: 15957: 15956: 15947: 15945: 15939: 15938: 15936: 15935: 15929: 15927: 15921: 15920: 15918: 15917: 15911: 15909: 15903: 15902: 15900: 15899: 15894: 15885: 15879: 15877: 15871: 15870: 15868: 15867: 15862: 15857: 15852: 15840: 15835: 15830: 15818: 15806: 15801: 15792: 15787: 15779: 15774: 15772:Dirksen (1969) 15769: 15761: 15753: 15748: 15736: 15731: 15726: 15721: 15713: 15705: 15700: 15695: 15690: 15682: 15677: 15669: 15664: 15659: 15657:Stevens (1868) 15654: 15642: 15636: 15634: 15625: 15619: 15618: 15613: 15610: 15609: 15592: 15591: 15584: 15577: 15569: 15560: 15559: 15557: 15556: 15551: 15541: 15538: 15537: 15534: 15533: 15531: 15530: 15522: 15513: 15511: 15505: 15504: 15502: 15501: 15493: 15490:Wharton Barker 15484: 15482: 15479:Populist Party 15474: 15473: 15471: 15470: 15462: 15459:Eugene V. Debs 15453: 15451: 15445: 15444: 15442: 15441: 15433: 15424: 15422: 15416: 15415: 15398: 15397: 15394: 15393: 15391: 15390: 15384: 15382: 15378: 15377: 15375: 15374: 15366: 15357: 15355: 15348: 15334: 15333: 15330: 15329: 15327: 15326: 15317: 15316: 15306: 15304: 15297: 15283: 15282: 15265: 15264: 15257: 15250: 15242: 15233: 15232: 15230: 15229: 15224: 15214: 15211: 15210: 15207: 15206: 15204: 15203: 15195: 15186: 15184: 15182:National Party 15178: 15177: 15175: 15174: 15166: 15157: 15155: 15149: 15148: 15146: 15145: 15140: 15131: 15130: 15122: 15113: 15111: 15105: 15104: 15102: 15101: 15096: 15091: 15086: 15081: 15075: 15070: 15061: 15060: 15052: 15049:John M. Palmer 15043: 15041: 15035: 15034: 15017: 15016: 15013: 15012: 15010: 15009: 15004: 14999: 14994: 14989: 14983: 14981: 14977: 14976: 14974: 14973: 14964: 14963: 14955: 14946: 14944: 14937: 14907: 14906: 14903: 14902: 14900: 14899: 14894: 14892:Levi P. Morton 14889: 14884: 14878: 14876: 14872: 14871: 14869: 14868: 14860: 14851: 14849: 14842: 14828: 14827: 14810: 14809: 14802: 14795: 14787: 14778: 14777: 14775: 14774: 14769: 14759: 14756: 14755: 14752: 14751: 14749: 14748: 14740: 14731: 14729: 14723: 14722: 14720: 14719: 14714: 14705: 14704: 14696: 14687: 14685: 14679: 14678: 14661: 14660: 14657: 14656: 14654: 14653: 14648: 14643: 14637: 14635: 14631: 14630: 14628: 14627: 14624:James G. Field 14619: 14610: 14608: 14601: 14598:Populist Party 14593: 14592: 14589: 14588: 14586: 14585: 14580: 14575: 14569: 14567: 14563: 14562: 14560: 14559: 14551: 14541: 14539: 14532: 14518: 14517: 14514: 14513: 14511: 14510: 14505: 14499: 14497: 14493: 14492: 14490: 14489: 14481: 14472: 14470: 14463: 14449: 14448: 14431: 14430: 14423: 14416: 14408: 14399: 14398: 14391: 14389: 14387: 14386: 14381: 14376: 14371: 14366: 14361: 14356: 14351: 14346: 14341: 14336: 14331: 14326: 14321: 14316: 14311: 14306: 14301: 14296: 14291: 14286: 14281: 14276: 14271: 14266: 14261: 14256: 14251: 14246: 14241: 14236: 14231: 14226: 14221: 14216: 14210: 14207: 14206: 14198: 14197: 14190: 14183: 14175: 14166: 14165: 14158: 14156: 14154: 14153: 14148: 14143: 14138: 14136:J. S. Ashbrook 14133: 14131:J. M. Ashbrook 14128: 14123: 14118: 14113: 14108: 14103: 14098: 14093: 14088: 14083: 14078: 14073: 14068: 14063: 14058: 14053: 14048: 14043: 14038: 14033: 14028: 14023: 14018: 14013: 14008: 14003: 13998: 13993: 13988: 13983: 13978: 13973: 13968: 13962: 13959: 13958: 13950: 13949: 13942: 13935: 13927: 13918: 13917: 13910: 13908: 13906: 13905: 13900: 13895: 13890: 13885: 13880: 13875: 13870: 13865: 13860: 13855: 13850: 13845: 13840: 13835: 13830: 13825: 13820: 13815: 13810: 13805: 13800: 13795: 13790: 13785: 13780: 13775: 13770: 13765: 13760: 13755: 13750: 13745: 13740: 13735: 13730: 13725: 13720: 13715: 13710: 13705: 13700: 13695: 13689: 13686: 13685: 13677: 13676: 13669: 13662: 13654: 13645: 13644: 13642: 13641: 13634: 13632: 13626: 13625: 13623: 13622: 13616: 13609: 13607: 13601: 13600: 13598: 13597: 13590: 13588: 13582: 13581: 13579: 13578: 13572: 13565: 13563: 13557: 13556: 13554: 13553: 13547: 13544:John W. Griggs 13541: 13538:Joseph McKenna 13534: 13532: 13526: 13525: 13523: 13522: 13516: 13509: 13507: 13501: 13500: 13498: 13497: 13490: 13488: 13482: 13481: 13474: 13472: 13470: 13469: 13463: 13460:William R. Day 13457: 13450: 13448: 13442: 13441: 13426: 13425: 13418: 13411: 13403: 13394: 13393: 13387: 13384: 13383: 13376: 13374: 13372: 13371: 13366: 13361: 13356: 13349: 13344: 13339: 13332: 13327: 13322: 13317: 13310: 13305: 13300: 13295: 13290: 13285: 13280: 13275: 13270: 13265: 13260: 13255: 13250: 13245: 13240: 13235: 13230: 13225: 13220: 13215: 13210: 13205: 13200: 13195: 13190: 13185: 13180: 13175: 13170: 13165: 13160: 13155: 13150: 13145: 13140: 13135: 13130: 13125: 13120: 13115: 13110: 13105: 13100: 13095: 13090: 13085: 13080: 13075: 13070: 13065: 13060: 13055: 13050: 13045: 13040: 13035: 13030: 13025: 13020: 13014: 13011: 13010: 13003: 13002: 12995: 12988: 12980: 12971: 12970: 12968: 12967: 12962: 12957: 12952: 12947: 12942: 12937: 12932: 12927: 12922: 12917: 12912: 12907: 12902: 12897: 12892: 12887: 12882: 12877: 12872: 12867: 12862: 12857: 12852: 12847: 12842: 12837: 12832: 12827: 12822: 12817: 12812: 12807: 12802: 12797: 12792: 12787: 12782: 12777: 12772: 12767: 12762: 12757: 12752: 12747: 12742: 12737: 12732: 12727: 12722: 12717: 12712: 12707: 12702: 12697: 12692: 12687: 12682: 12677: 12672: 12667: 12662: 12657: 12652: 12647: 12642: 12636: 12634: 12628: 12627: 12613: 12611: 12609: 12608: 12603: 12598: 12593: 12588: 12583: 12578: 12573: 12568: 12563: 12558: 12553: 12548: 12543: 12538: 12533: 12528: 12523: 12518: 12513: 12508: 12503: 12498: 12493: 12488: 12483: 12478: 12473: 12468: 12463: 12458: 12453: 12448: 12443: 12438: 12433: 12428: 12423: 12418: 12413: 12408: 12403: 12398: 12393: 12388: 12383: 12378: 12373: 12368: 12363: 12358: 12353: 12348: 12343: 12338: 12333: 12328: 12323: 12318: 12313: 12308: 12303: 12298: 12293: 12288: 12283: 12278: 12273: 12268: 12263: 12257: 12255: 12251: 12250: 12235: 12234: 12227: 12220: 12212: 12203: 12202: 12200: 12199: 12194: 12189: 12184: 12179: 12174: 12168: 12166: 12162: 12161: 12158: 12157: 12155: 12154: 12149: 12144: 12142:Liberty Caucus 12139: 12137:ConservAmerica 12134: 12129: 12124: 12119: 12113: 12111: 12105: 12104: 12102: 12101: 12096: 12091: 12086: 12081: 12076: 12071: 12066: 12061: 12056: 12055: 12054: 12043: 12041: 12035: 12034: 12032: 12031: 12026: 12021: 12016: 12011: 12005: 12003: 11997: 11996: 11994: 11993: 11992: 11991: 11986: 11981: 11976: 11974:Freedom Caucus 11966: 11965: 11964: 11954: 11953: 11952: 11947: 11934: 11932: 11925: 11917: 11916: 11913: 11912: 11910: 11909: 11907:Virgin Islands 11904: 11899: 11894: 11889: 11884: 11882:American Samoa 11878: 11876: 11872: 11871: 11869: 11868: 11863: 11858: 11853: 11848: 11843: 11838: 11833: 11828: 11823: 11818: 11816:South Carolina 11813: 11808: 11803: 11798: 11793: 11788: 11783: 11781:North Carolina 11778: 11773: 11768: 11763: 11758: 11753: 11748: 11743: 11738: 11733: 11728: 11723: 11718: 11713: 11708: 11703: 11698: 11693: 11688: 11683: 11678: 11673: 11668: 11663: 11658: 11653: 11648: 11643: 11638: 11633: 11628: 11623: 11617: 11615: 11608: 11597: 11596: 11593: 11592: 11590: 11589: 11584: 11579: 11574: 11569: 11564: 11559: 11554: 11549: 11543: 11541: 11537: 11536: 11534: 11533: 11528: 11523: 11518: 11513: 11508: 11499: 11494: 11489: 11484: 11479: 11474: 11469: 11464: 11459: 11454: 11449: 11440: 11435: 11430: 11425: 11420: 11415: 11410: 11405: 11400: 11395: 11390: 11385: 11380: 11375: 11370: 11365: 11360: 11355: 11350: 11345: 11340: 11335: 11330: 11325: 11320: 11315: 11310: 11305: 11300: 11295: 11290: 11285: 11280: 11275: 11270: 11265: 11260: 11255: 11250: 11245: 11240: 11235: 11230: 11225: 11220: 11215: 11210: 11205: 11200: 11195: 11190: 11185: 11180: 11174: 11172: 11165: 11159: 11158: 11156: 11155: 11149: 11143: 11137: 11131: 11125: 11119: 11113: 11107: 11101: 11095: 11089: 11083: 11077: 11071: 11065: 11059: 11053: 11047: 11041: 11035: 11029: 11023: 11017: 11011: 11005: 10999: 10993: 10987: 10981: 10974: 10972: 10950: 10949: 10947: 10946: 10940: 10934: 10928: 10922: 10916: 10910: 10904: 10898: 10892: 10886: 10880: 10874: 10868: 10862: 10856: 10850: 10844: 10838: 10832: 10826: 10820: 10814: 10808: 10802: 10796: 10790: 10784: 10778: 10771: 10769: 10753: 10752: 10750: 10749: 10743: 10737: 10731: 10725: 10719: 10713: 10707: 10701: 10695: 10689: 10683: 10677: 10671: 10665: 10659: 10653: 10647: 10641: 10635: 10628: 10626: 10616: 10615: 10613: 10612: 10609:2028 (Houston) 10605: 10604: 10603: 10585: 10584: 10583: 10565: 10564: 10563: 10545: 10544: 10543: 10525: 10524: 10523: 10505: 10504: 10503: 10485: 10484: 10483: 10465: 10464: 10463: 10445: 10444: 10443: 10428:1992 (Houston) 10425: 10424: 10423: 10405: 10404: 10403: 10385: 10384: 10383: 10368:1980 (Detroit) 10365: 10364: 10363: 10345: 10344: 10343: 10325: 10324: 10323: 10305: 10304: 10303: 10285: 10284: 10283: 10268:1960 (Chicago) 10265: 10264: 10263: 10245: 10244: 10243: 10228:1952 (Chicago) 10225: 10224: 10223: 10205: 10204: 10203: 10188:1944 (Chicago) 10185: 10184: 10183: 10165: 10164: 10163: 10145: 10144: 10143: 10128:1932 (Chicago) 10125: 10124: 10123: 10105: 10104: 10103: 10085: 10084: 10083: 10068:1920 (Chicago) 10065: 10064: 10063: 10048:1916 (Chicago) 10045: 10044: 10043: 10024:1912 (Chicago) 10021: 10011:1908 (Chicago) 10008: 9998:1904 (Chicago) 9995: 9982: 9969: 9956: 9946:1888 (Chicago) 9943: 9933:1884 (Chicago) 9930: 9920:1880 (Chicago) 9917: 9904: 9891: 9881:1868 (Chicago) 9878: 9865: 9855:1860 (Chicago) 9852: 9838: 9836: 9812: 9811: 9809: 9808: 9807: 9806: 9801: 9796: 9791: 9786: 9775: 9772: 9771: 9762: 9761: 9754: 9747: 9739: 9730: 9729: 9727: 9726: 9716: 9705: 9702: 9701: 9699: 9698: 9693: 9688: 9683: 9678: 9673: 9668: 9663: 9658: 9653: 9648: 9643: 9638: 9633: 9628: 9623: 9618: 9613: 9608: 9603: 9598: 9593: 9588: 9582: 9580: 9574: 9573: 9569: 9568: 9558: 9548: 9538: 9531:George W. Bush 9528: 9518: 9508: 9498: 9488: 9478: 9468: 9458: 9448: 9438: 9428: 9418: 9411:Herbert Hoover 9408: 9398: 9388: 9381:Woodrow Wilson 9378: 9368: 9358: 9348: 9338: 9328: 9318: 9308: 9298: 9288: 9278: 9271:Andrew Johnson 9268: 9258: 9251:James Buchanan 9248: 9238: 9228: 9221:Zachary Taylor 9218: 9208: 9198: 9188: 9178: 9171:Andrew Jackson 9168: 9158: 9148: 9138: 9128: 9118: 9107: 9106: 9105: 9103: 9100:Presidents and 9097: 9096: 9089: 9088: 9081: 9074: 9066: 9060: 9057: 9056: 9044: 9043: 9039: 9038: 9033: 9030: 9023: 9018: 9014: 9013: 9008: 9005: 8996: 8991: 8987: 8986: 8982: 8981: 8976: 8973: 8963: 8960:Roger Q. Mills 8958: 8954: 8953: 8948: 8945: 8933:Member of the 8930: 8925: 8921: 8920: 8915: 8912: 8900:Member of the 8897: 8894:David R. Paige 8892: 8888: 8887: 8882: 8879: 8867:Member of the 8864: 8859: 8855: 8854: 8849: 8846: 8834:Member of the 8831: 8826: 8822: 8821: 8816: 8813: 8801:Member of the 8798: 8793: 8789: 8788: 8783: 8780: 8768:Member of the 8765: 8760: 8756: 8755: 8749: 8748: 8743: 8740: 8721: 8716: 8712: 8711: 8706: 8703: 8684: 8679: 8675: 8674: 8668: 8665: 8664: 8652: 8651: 8649: 8648: 8635: 8634: 8627: 8619: 8616: 8615: 8613: 8612: 8606: 8599: 8597: 8593: 8592: 8590: 8589: 8588: 8587: 8582: 8574: 8567: 8562: 8557: 8552: 8547: 8542: 8537: 8529: 8527: 8523: 8522: 8520: 8519: 8514: 8509: 8504: 8499: 8494: 8489: 8484: 8483: 8482: 8472: 8467: 8462: 8457: 8452: 8447: 8442: 8437: 8432: 8427: 8422: 8416: 8414: 8403: 8402: 8388: 8386: 8384: 8383: 8378: 8373: 8368: 8363: 8358: 8353: 8348: 8343: 8337: 8335: 8331: 8330: 8328: 8327: 8319: 8307: 8304: 8303: 8296: 8295: 8288: 8281: 8273: 8267: 8266: 8251: 8236: 8227: 8218: 8202: 8196: 8187: 8178: 8161: 8158: 8157: 8156: 8143: 8142:Media coverage 8140: 8139: 8138: 8127: 8124: 8123: 8122: 8117: 8110: 8107: 8105: 8104:External links 8102: 8101: 8100: 8097: 8094: 8091: 8088: 8085: 8077: 8074: 8069: 8068: 8039: 8003:Rauchway, Eric 7999: 7989: 7960: 7948:10.2307/448445 7931: 7924: 7895: 7858: 7848: 7819: 7787: 7780: 7770: 7743: 7704: 7701: 7700: 7699: 7688: 7675: 7672: 7671: 7670: 7664: 7651: 7644: 7624: 7618: 7601: 7594: 7576: 7550: 7539: 7532: 7526: 7513: 7507: 7492: 7485: 7465: 7458: 7445: 7439: 7421: 7396: 7390: 7375: 7369: 7352: 7346: 7331: 7325: 7312: 7306: 7290: 7284: 7269: 7263: 7246: 7231: 7225: 7210: 7204: 7185: 7182: 7181: 7176:Main article: 7173: 7170: 7168: 7167: 7165:, p. 473. 7155: 7153:, p. 468. 7143: 7131: 7129:, p. 154. 7119: 7101:Eschner, Kat. 7093: 7081: 7069: 7067:, p. 281. 7057: 7045: 7033: 7026: 7006: 7004:, p. 448. 6994: 6992:, p. 472. 6982: 6980:, p. 404. 6970: 6944: 6942:, p. 161. 6932: 6930:, p. 388. 6920: 6918:, p. 189. 6905: 6903:, p. 406. 6889: 6887:, p. 602. 6877: 6875:, p. 348. 6862: 6860:, p. 403. 6850: 6848:, p. 167. 6838: 6826: 6824:, p. 252. 6809: 6797: 6795:, p. 601. 6785: 6783:, p. 320. 6770: 6758: 6746: 6744:, p. 600. 6734: 6732:, p. 599. 6722: 6706: 6690: 6678: 6666: 6654: 6639: 6637:, p. 294. 6627: 6615: 6603: 6601:, p. 559. 6588: 6586:, p. 558. 6572: 6570:, p. 228. 6560: 6548: 6532: 6516: 6504: 6492: 6490:, p. 218. 6480: 6468: 6456: 6444: 6423: 6411: 6399: 6397:, p. 149. 6383: 6381:, p. 348. 6367: 6355: 6353:, p. 234. 6343: 6325: 6307: 6305:, p. 155. 6295: 6280: 6268: 6256: 6240: 6228: 6213: 6187: 6172: 6153: 6138: 6136:, p. 233. 6126: 6124:, p. 714. 6111: 6096: 6094:, p. 201. 6084: 6082:, p. 225. 6072: 6070:, p. 223. 6060: 6045: 6030: 6018: 6016:, p. 320. 6002: 5987: 5975: 5960: 5958:, p. 116. 5948: 5946:, p. 117. 5936: 5924: 5909: 5897: 5885: 5873: 5861: 5849: 5837: 5835:, p. 101. 5825: 5813: 5801: 5789: 5787:, p. 191. 5783:, p. 94; 5773: 5758: 5746: 5729: 5717: 5705: 5689: 5677: 5665: 5653: 5640: 5628: 5616: 5614:, p. 148. 5604: 5592: 5580: 5568: 5556: 5554:, p. 127. 5544: 5532: 5520: 5514:, p. 15; 5504: 5485: 5470: 5458: 5446: 5433: 5420: 5407: 5395: 5393:, p. 184. 5383: 5371: 5359: 5357:, p. 170. 5347: 5345:, p. 332. 5335: 5323: 5311: 5309:, p. 285. 5299: 5287: 5275: 5260: 5245: 5233: 5221: 5219:, p. 177. 5209: 5197: 5185: 5173: 5161: 5149: 5137: 5125: 5113: 5111:, p. 105. 5101: 5099:, p. 103. 5089: 5077: 5065: 5053: 5041: 5029: 5014: 5002: 4990: 4978: 4976:, p. 122. 4966: 4954: 4952:, p. 117. 4942: 4930: 4918: 4906: 4894: 4882: 4880:, p. 464. 4870: 4858: 4846: 4834: 4822: 4810: 4798: 4786: 4774: 4762: 4750: 4738: 4722: 4706: 4694: 4682: 4670: 4658: 4646: 4631: 4616: 4593: 4578: 4549: 4532: 4517: 4498: 4481: 4469: 4458: 4441: 4429: 4417: 4402: 4383: 4367: 4355: 4339: 4323: 4311: 4290: 4265: 4249: 4234: 4222: 4201: 4185: 4166: 4150: 4134: 4118: 4106: 4090: 4078: 4062: 4050: 4038: 4021: 4005: 3989: 3983:, p. 20; 3973: 3958: 3946: 3940:, p. 16; 3930: 3910: 3890: 3878: 3856: 3854: 3851: 3848: 3847: 3834: 3816:20th Amendment 3807: 3791:Medal of Honor 3782: 3768: 3767: 3765: 3762: 3761: 3760: 3750: 3747: 3744: 3743: 3741: 3725: 3724: 3721: 3714: 3712: 3696: 3689: 3687: 3679:Hermon MacNeil 3671: 3664: 3662: 3653: 3646: 3566: 3563: 3534:Kevin Phillips 3522:his birthplace 3493: 3490: 3489: 3488: 3485: 3473: 3471: 3468: 3456: 3454: 3451: 3439: 3406: 3403: 3401: 3398: 3394:electric chair 3364:Leech wrote: 3293:Main article: 3290: 3287: 3253: 3250: 3210:political boss 3177:Main article: 3174: 3171: 3109: 3106: 3076:Lord Salisbury 3051: 3048: 3023: 3020: 2984: 2981: 2979: 2976: 2931: 2928: 2885: 2882: 2858:Tampa, Florida 2851:Wesley Merritt 2828:William R. Day 2817:John Schofield 2723:Main article: 2720: 2717: 2713:chief of staff 2692:War Department 2606: 2603: 2598:Main article: 2595: 2592: 2563: 2560: 2422: 2416: 2406: 2401: 2400: 2399: 2390: 2389: 2388: 2326: 2323: 2303:Francis Warren 2291:Levi P. Morton 2283:the convention 2275:H. H. Kohlsaat 2211:Kevin Phillips 2195: 2192: 2180: 2177: 2165:H. H. Kohlsaat 2142:the convention 2098: 2095: 2029: 2026: 2014:Thomas B. Reed 1955:Margaret Leech 1939:James Garfield 1893: 1884: 1881: 1879: 1876: 1832:William R. Day 1828:strikebreakers 1738: 1735: 1565: 1562: 1507:Carnifex Ferry 1441: 1438: 1436: 1433: 1429:Alliance, Ohio 1377:, and finally 1323: 1320: 1236:Dingley Tariff 1186:gerrymandering 1110: 1109: 1107: 1106: 1099: 1092: 1084: 1081: 1080: 1073: 1072: 1067: 1062: 1057: 1052: 1044: 1042: 1041: 1040: 1039: 1034: 1025: 1024: 1023: 1022: 1017: 1012: 1001: 999: 998: 997: 996: 986: 981: 973: 971: 970: 965: 960: 955: 950: 945: 940: 935: 930: 925: 920: 915: 910: 908:Dingley Tariff 905: 897: 886: 883: 881: 880: 879: 878: 873: 857: 855: 854: 849: 844: 839: 834: 826: 825: 822: 821: 809:a series about 805: 803: 787: 786: 783: 782: 770: 760: 755: 754: 753: 752: 751: 748: 747: 745: 744: 742: 741: 740: 739: 738: 737: 732: 727: 722: 712: 707: 702: 697: 696: 695: 690: 680: 675: 664: 654: 653: 652: 650: 646: 645: 640: 636: 635: 622: 618: 617: 614: 610: 609: 602: 601:Branch/service 598: 597: 593: 592: 585: 581: 580: 578: 577: 574: 570: 568: 564: 563: 561: 560: 555: 550: 544: 542: 538: 537: 535: 534: 527: 525: 521: 520: 517: 513: 512: 497: 491: 490: 488: 484: 483: 478: 474: 473: 463: 459: 458: 448: 444: 443: 437:(aged 58) 431: 427: 426: 409: 407: 403: 402: 398: 397: 394: 393: 391: 390: 382: 374: 366: 357: 355: 351: 350: 345: 339: 338: 333: 327: 326: 316: 315: 313: 312: 304: 295: 293: 289: 288: 283: 277: 276: 274:David R. Paige 271: 265: 264: 254: 253: 240: 239: 234: 228: 227: 225:Roger Q. Mills 222: 216: 215: 205: 204: 196: 195: 190: 184: 183: 178: 172: 171: 166: 162: 161: 151: 150: 143: 142: 137: 131: 130: 125: 119: 118: 116: 115: 110: 104: 97: 95: 92:Vice President 87: 86: 76: 75: 68: 67: 64: 63: 54: 46: 45: 42: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 16556: 16545: 16542: 16540: 16537: 16535: 16532: 16530: 16527: 16525: 16522: 16520: 16517: 16515: 16512: 16510: 16507: 16505: 16502: 16500: 16497: 16495: 16492: 16490: 16487: 16485: 16482: 16480: 16477: 16475: 16472: 16470: 16467: 16465: 16462: 16460: 16457: 16455: 16452: 16450: 16447: 16445: 16442: 16440: 16437: 16435: 16432: 16430: 16427: 16425: 16422: 16420: 16417: 16415: 16412: 16410: 16407: 16405: 16402: 16400: 16397: 16395: 16392: 16390: 16387: 16385: 16382: 16380: 16377: 16375: 16372: 16370: 16367: 16365: 16362: 16360: 16357: 16355: 16352: 16350: 16347: 16345: 16342: 16340: 16337: 16335: 16332: 16330: 16327: 16325: 16322: 16321: 16319: 16309: 16308:United States 16299: 16297: 16292: 16287: 16285: 16280: 16275: 16273: 16263: 16261: 16251: 16249: 16239: 16238: 16235: 16217: 16212: 16202: 16199: 16197: 16194: 16193: 16191: 16189: 16185: 16179: 16176: 16173: 16170: 16167: 16165: 16162: 16160: 16159:Scalia (2016) 16157: 16155: 16153: 16149: 16147: 16144: 16142: 16139: 16137: 16135: 16131: 16129: 16126: 16124: 16122: 16118: 16117: 16115: 16113: 16107: 16100: 16097: 16095: 16091: 16089: 16087: 16083: 16081: 16079: 16075: 16073: 16071: 16067: 16064: 16061: 16059: 16055: 16053: 16051: 16047: 16045: 16043: 16039: 16038: 16036: 16034: 16030: 16027: 16025: 16021: 16011: 16008: 16006: 16003: 16001: 15998: 15996: 15995:Graham (2018) 15993: 15991: 15988: 15986: 15983: 15982: 15980: 15978: 15974: 15971: 15969: 15968:Lain in honor 15965: 15955: 15953: 15949: 15948: 15946: 15944: 15940: 15934: 15931: 15930: 15928: 15926: 15922: 15916: 15915:Hooper (1875) 15913: 15912: 15910: 15908: 15907:House Chamber 15904: 15898: 15895: 15892: 15889: 15886: 15884: 15881: 15880: 15878: 15876: 15872: 15866: 15863: 15861: 15858: 15856: 15853: 15850: 15847: 15845: 15841: 15839: 15838:McCain (2018) 15836: 15834: 15833:Inouye (2012) 15831: 15828: 15825: 15823: 15819: 15816: 15813: 15811: 15807: 15805: 15804:Pepper (1989) 15802: 15800: 15796: 15793: 15791: 15788: 15786: 15784: 15780: 15778: 15775: 15773: 15770: 15768: 15766: 15762: 15760: 15758: 15754: 15752: 15749: 15746: 15743: 15741: 15737: 15735: 15732: 15730: 15727: 15725: 15722: 15720: 15718: 15714: 15712: 15710: 15706: 15704: 15701: 15699: 15696: 15694: 15691: 15689: 15687: 15683: 15681: 15678: 15676: 15674: 15670: 15668: 15667:Wilson (1875) 15665: 15663: 15662:Sumner (1874) 15660: 15658: 15655: 15652: 15649: 15647: 15643: 15641: 15638: 15637: 15635: 15633: 15629: 15626: 15624: 15623:Lain in state 15620: 15616: 15611: 15606: 15602: 15598: 15597:lain in state 15590: 15585: 15583: 15578: 15576: 15571: 15570: 15567: 15555: 15552: 15550: 15546: 15543: 15542: 15539: 15529: 15528: 15523: 15521: 15520: 15515: 15514: 15512: 15510: 15506: 15500: 15499: 15494: 15492: 15491: 15486: 15485: 15483: 15481: 15480: 15475: 15469: 15468: 15463: 15461: 15460: 15455: 15454: 15452: 15450: 15446: 15440: 15439: 15434: 15432: 15431: 15426: 15425: 15423: 15421: 15417: 15412: 15408: 15403: 15399: 15389: 15386: 15385: 15383: 15379: 15373: 15372: 15367: 15365: 15364: 15359: 15358: 15356: 15352: 15349: 15346: 15341: 15340: 15335: 15325: 15324: 15319: 15318: 15314: 15313: 15308: 15307: 15305: 15301: 15298: 15295: 15290: 15289: 15284: 15279: 15275: 15271: 15263: 15258: 15256: 15251: 15249: 15244: 15243: 15240: 15228: 15225: 15223: 15219: 15216: 15215: 15212: 15202: 15201: 15196: 15194: 15193: 15188: 15187: 15185: 15183: 15179: 15173: 15172: 15167: 15165: 15164: 15159: 15158: 15156: 15154: 15150: 15144: 15141: 15139: 15136: 15133: 15132: 15129: 15128: 15123: 15121: 15120: 15115: 15114: 15112: 15110: 15106: 15100: 15097: 15095: 15092: 15090: 15087: 15085: 15082: 15079: 15076: 15074: 15071: 15069: 15066: 15063: 15062: 15059: 15058: 15053: 15051: 15050: 15045: 15044: 15042: 15040: 15036: 15031: 15027: 15022: 15018: 15008: 15005: 15003: 15000: 14998: 14995: 14993: 14990: 14988: 14985: 14984: 14982: 14978: 14972: 14971: 14966: 14965: 14962: 14961: 14960:Arthur Sewall 14956: 14954: 14953: 14948: 14947: 14945: 14941: 14938: 14935: 14928: 14919: 14914: 14913: 14908: 14898: 14895: 14893: 14890: 14888: 14885: 14883: 14880: 14879: 14877: 14873: 14867: 14866: 14865:Garret Hobart 14861: 14859: 14858: 14853: 14852: 14850: 14846: 14843: 14840: 14835: 14834: 14829: 14824: 14820: 14816: 14808: 14803: 14801: 14796: 14794: 14789: 14788: 14785: 14773: 14770: 14768: 14764: 14761: 14760: 14757: 14747: 14746: 14741: 14739: 14738: 14733: 14732: 14730: 14728: 14724: 14718: 14715: 14713: 14710: 14707: 14706: 14703: 14702: 14697: 14695: 14694: 14689: 14688: 14686: 14684: 14680: 14675: 14671: 14666: 14662: 14652: 14649: 14647: 14644: 14642: 14641:James H. Kyle 14639: 14638: 14636: 14632: 14626: 14625: 14620: 14618: 14617: 14612: 14611: 14609: 14605: 14602: 14600: 14599: 14594: 14584: 14581: 14579: 14576: 14574: 14571: 14570: 14568: 14564: 14558: 14557: 14556:Whitelaw Reid 14552: 14549: 14548: 14543: 14542: 14540: 14536: 14533: 14530: 14525: 14524: 14519: 14509: 14506: 14504: 14503:David B. Hill 14501: 14500: 14498: 14494: 14488: 14487: 14482: 14480: 14479: 14474: 14473: 14471: 14467: 14464: 14461: 14456: 14455: 14450: 14445: 14441: 14437: 14429: 14424: 14422: 14417: 14415: 14410: 14409: 14406: 14385: 14382: 14380: 14377: 14375: 14372: 14370: 14367: 14365: 14362: 14360: 14357: 14355: 14352: 14350: 14347: 14345: 14342: 14340: 14337: 14335: 14334:Hollingsworth 14332: 14330: 14327: 14325: 14322: 14320: 14317: 14315: 14312: 14310: 14307: 14305: 14302: 14300: 14297: 14295: 14292: 14290: 14287: 14285: 14282: 14280: 14277: 14275: 14272: 14270: 14267: 14265: 14262: 14260: 14257: 14255: 14252: 14250: 14247: 14245: 14242: 14240: 14237: 14235: 14232: 14230: 14227: 14225: 14222: 14220: 14217: 14215: 14212: 14211: 14208: 14204: 14196: 14191: 14189: 14184: 14182: 14177: 14176: 14173: 14152: 14149: 14147: 14144: 14142: 14139: 14137: 14134: 14132: 14129: 14127: 14124: 14122: 14119: 14117: 14114: 14112: 14109: 14107: 14104: 14102: 14099: 14097: 14094: 14092: 14089: 14087: 14084: 14082: 14079: 14077: 14074: 14072: 14069: 14067: 14064: 14062: 14059: 14057: 14054: 14052: 14049: 14047: 14044: 14042: 14039: 14037: 14034: 14032: 14029: 14027: 14024: 14022: 14019: 14017: 14014: 14012: 14009: 14007: 14004: 14002: 13999: 13997: 13994: 13992: 13989: 13987: 13984: 13982: 13979: 13977: 13974: 13972: 13969: 13967: 13964: 13963: 13960: 13956: 13948: 13943: 13941: 13936: 13934: 13929: 13928: 13925: 13904: 13901: 13899: 13896: 13894: 13891: 13889: 13886: 13884: 13881: 13879: 13876: 13874: 13871: 13869: 13866: 13864: 13861: 13859: 13856: 13854: 13851: 13849: 13846: 13844: 13841: 13839: 13836: 13834: 13831: 13829: 13826: 13824: 13821: 13819: 13818:Hollingsworth 13816: 13814: 13811: 13809: 13806: 13804: 13801: 13799: 13796: 13794: 13791: 13789: 13786: 13784: 13781: 13779: 13776: 13774: 13771: 13769: 13766: 13764: 13761: 13759: 13756: 13754: 13751: 13749: 13746: 13744: 13741: 13739: 13736: 13734: 13731: 13729: 13726: 13724: 13721: 13719: 13716: 13714: 13711: 13709: 13706: 13704: 13701: 13699: 13696: 13694: 13691: 13690: 13687: 13683: 13675: 13670: 13668: 13663: 13661: 13656: 13655: 13652: 13639: 13636: 13635: 13633: 13631: 13627: 13620: 13617: 13614: 13611: 13610: 13608: 13606: 13602: 13595: 13592: 13591: 13589: 13587: 13583: 13576: 13573: 13570: 13567: 13566: 13564: 13562: 13558: 13551: 13548: 13545: 13542: 13539: 13536: 13535: 13533: 13531: 13527: 13520: 13517: 13514: 13511: 13510: 13508: 13506: 13502: 13495: 13494:Lyman J. Gage 13492: 13491: 13489: 13487: 13483: 13467: 13464: 13461: 13458: 13455: 13452: 13451: 13449: 13447: 13443: 13438: 13435: 13431: 13424: 13419: 13417: 13412: 13410: 13405: 13404: 13401: 13390: 13385: 13380: 13370: 13367: 13365: 13362: 13360: 13357: 13355: 13354: 13350: 13348: 13345: 13343: 13340: 13338: 13337: 13333: 13331: 13328: 13326: 13323: 13321: 13318: 13316: 13315: 13311: 13309: 13306: 13304: 13301: 13299: 13296: 13294: 13291: 13289: 13286: 13284: 13281: 13279: 13276: 13274: 13271: 13269: 13266: 13264: 13261: 13259: 13256: 13254: 13251: 13249: 13246: 13244: 13241: 13239: 13236: 13234: 13231: 13229: 13226: 13224: 13221: 13219: 13216: 13214: 13211: 13209: 13206: 13204: 13201: 13199: 13196: 13194: 13191: 13189: 13186: 13184: 13181: 13179: 13176: 13174: 13171: 13169: 13166: 13164: 13161: 13159: 13156: 13154: 13151: 13149: 13146: 13144: 13141: 13139: 13136: 13134: 13131: 13129: 13126: 13124: 13121: 13119: 13116: 13114: 13111: 13109: 13106: 13104: 13101: 13099: 13096: 13094: 13091: 13089: 13086: 13084: 13081: 13079: 13076: 13074: 13071: 13069: 13066: 13064: 13061: 13059: 13056: 13054: 13051: 13049: 13046: 13044: 13041: 13039: 13036: 13034: 13031: 13029: 13026: 13024: 13021: 13019: 13016: 13015: 13012: 13008: 13001: 12996: 12994: 12989: 12987: 12982: 12981: 12978: 12966: 12963: 12961: 12958: 12956: 12953: 12951: 12948: 12946: 12943: 12941: 12938: 12936: 12933: 12931: 12928: 12926: 12923: 12921: 12918: 12916: 12913: 12911: 12908: 12906: 12903: 12901: 12898: 12896: 12893: 12891: 12888: 12886: 12883: 12881: 12878: 12876: 12873: 12871: 12868: 12866: 12863: 12861: 12858: 12856: 12853: 12851: 12848: 12846: 12843: 12841: 12838: 12836: 12833: 12831: 12828: 12826: 12823: 12821: 12818: 12816: 12813: 12811: 12808: 12806: 12803: 12801: 12798: 12796: 12793: 12791: 12788: 12786: 12783: 12781: 12778: 12776: 12773: 12771: 12768: 12766: 12763: 12761: 12758: 12756: 12753: 12751: 12748: 12746: 12743: 12741: 12738: 12736: 12733: 12731: 12728: 12726: 12723: 12721: 12718: 12716: 12713: 12711: 12708: 12706: 12703: 12701: 12698: 12696: 12693: 12691: 12688: 12686: 12683: 12681: 12678: 12676: 12673: 12671: 12668: 12666: 12663: 12661: 12658: 12656: 12653: 12651: 12648: 12646: 12643: 12641: 12638: 12637: 12635: 12629: 12607: 12604: 12602: 12599: 12597: 12594: 12592: 12589: 12587: 12584: 12582: 12579: 12577: 12574: 12572: 12569: 12567: 12564: 12562: 12559: 12557: 12554: 12552: 12549: 12547: 12544: 12542: 12539: 12537: 12534: 12532: 12529: 12527: 12524: 12522: 12519: 12517: 12514: 12512: 12509: 12507: 12504: 12502: 12499: 12497: 12494: 12492: 12489: 12487: 12484: 12482: 12479: 12477: 12474: 12472: 12469: 12467: 12464: 12462: 12459: 12457: 12454: 12452: 12449: 12447: 12444: 12442: 12439: 12437: 12434: 12432: 12429: 12427: 12424: 12422: 12419: 12417: 12414: 12412: 12409: 12407: 12404: 12402: 12399: 12397: 12394: 12392: 12389: 12387: 12384: 12382: 12379: 12377: 12374: 12372: 12369: 12367: 12364: 12362: 12359: 12357: 12354: 12352: 12349: 12347: 12344: 12342: 12339: 12337: 12334: 12332: 12329: 12327: 12324: 12322: 12319: 12317: 12314: 12312: 12309: 12307: 12304: 12302: 12299: 12297: 12294: 12292: 12289: 12287: 12284: 12282: 12279: 12277: 12274: 12272: 12269: 12267: 12264: 12262: 12259: 12258: 12256: 12252: 12248: 12244: 12240: 12233: 12228: 12226: 12221: 12219: 12214: 12213: 12210: 12198: 12195: 12193: 12190: 12188: 12185: 12183: 12180: 12178: 12175: 12173: 12170: 12169: 12167: 12163: 12153: 12152:The Wish List 12150: 12148: 12147:Ripon Society 12145: 12143: 12140: 12138: 12135: 12133: 12130: 12128: 12125: 12123: 12120: 12118: 12115: 12114: 12112: 12106: 12100: 12097: 12095: 12092: 12090: 12087: 12085: 12082: 12080: 12077: 12075: 12072: 12070: 12067: 12065: 12062: 12060: 12057: 12053: 12050: 12049: 12048: 12045: 12044: 12042: 12036: 12030: 12027: 12025: 12022: 12020: 12017: 12015: 12012: 12010: 12007: 12006: 12004: 11998: 11990: 11987: 11985: 11982: 11980: 11977: 11975: 11972: 11971: 11970: 11967: 11963: 11960: 11959: 11958: 11955: 11951: 11948: 11946: 11945: 11941: 11940: 11939: 11936: 11935: 11933: 11929: 11926: 11924: 11923:organizations 11918: 11908: 11905: 11903: 11900: 11898: 11895: 11893: 11890: 11888: 11885: 11883: 11880: 11879: 11877: 11873: 11867: 11864: 11862: 11859: 11857: 11856:West Virginia 11854: 11852: 11849: 11847: 11844: 11842: 11839: 11837: 11834: 11832: 11829: 11827: 11824: 11822: 11819: 11817: 11814: 11812: 11809: 11807: 11804: 11802: 11799: 11797: 11794: 11792: 11789: 11787: 11784: 11782: 11779: 11777: 11774: 11772: 11769: 11767: 11764: 11762: 11761:New Hampshire 11759: 11757: 11754: 11752: 11749: 11747: 11744: 11742: 11739: 11737: 11734: 11732: 11729: 11727: 11724: 11722: 11721:Massachusetts 11719: 11717: 11714: 11712: 11709: 11707: 11704: 11702: 11699: 11697: 11694: 11692: 11689: 11687: 11684: 11682: 11679: 11677: 11674: 11672: 11669: 11667: 11664: 11662: 11659: 11657: 11654: 11652: 11649: 11647: 11644: 11642: 11639: 11637: 11634: 11632: 11629: 11627: 11624: 11622: 11619: 11618: 11616: 11612: 11609: 11602: 11598: 11588: 11585: 11583: 11580: 11578: 11575: 11573: 11570: 11568: 11565: 11563: 11560: 11558: 11555: 11553: 11550: 11548: 11545: 11544: 11542: 11538: 11532: 11529: 11527: 11524: 11522: 11519: 11517: 11514: 11512: 11509: 11507: 11503: 11500: 11498: 11495: 11493: 11490: 11488: 11485: 11483: 11480: 11478: 11475: 11473: 11470: 11468: 11465: 11463: 11460: 11458: 11455: 11453: 11450: 11448: 11444: 11441: 11439: 11436: 11434: 11431: 11429: 11426: 11424: 11421: 11419: 11416: 11414: 11411: 11409: 11406: 11404: 11401: 11399: 11396: 11394: 11391: 11389: 11386: 11384: 11381: 11379: 11376: 11374: 11371: 11369: 11366: 11364: 11361: 11359: 11356: 11354: 11351: 11349: 11346: 11344: 11341: 11339: 11336: 11334: 11331: 11329: 11326: 11324: 11321: 11319: 11316: 11314: 11311: 11309: 11306: 11304: 11301: 11299: 11296: 11294: 11291: 11289: 11286: 11284: 11281: 11279: 11276: 11274: 11271: 11269: 11266: 11264: 11261: 11259: 11256: 11254: 11251: 11249: 11246: 11244: 11241: 11239: 11236: 11234: 11231: 11229: 11226: 11224: 11221: 11219: 11216: 11214: 11211: 11209: 11206: 11204: 11201: 11199: 11196: 11194: 11191: 11189: 11186: 11184: 11181: 11179: 11176: 11175: 11173: 11169: 11166: 11164: 11160: 11153: 11150: 11147: 11144: 11141: 11138: 11135: 11132: 11129: 11126: 11123: 11120: 11117: 11114: 11111: 11108: 11105: 11102: 11099: 11096: 11093: 11090: 11087: 11084: 11081: 11078: 11075: 11072: 11069: 11066: 11063: 11060: 11057: 11054: 11051: 11048: 11045: 11042: 11039: 11036: 11033: 11030: 11027: 11024: 11021: 11018: 11015: 11012: 11009: 11006: 11003: 11000: 10997: 10994: 10991: 10988: 10985: 10982: 10979: 10976: 10975: 10973: 10971: 10962: 10957: 10951: 10944: 10941: 10938: 10935: 10932: 10929: 10926: 10923: 10920: 10917: 10914: 10911: 10908: 10905: 10902: 10899: 10896: 10893: 10890: 10887: 10884: 10881: 10878: 10875: 10872: 10869: 10866: 10863: 10860: 10857: 10854: 10851: 10848: 10845: 10842: 10839: 10836: 10833: 10830: 10827: 10824: 10821: 10818: 10815: 10812: 10809: 10806: 10803: 10800: 10797: 10794: 10791: 10788: 10785: 10782: 10779: 10776: 10773: 10772: 10770: 10768: 10760: 10754: 10747: 10744: 10741: 10738: 10735: 10734:G. H. W. Bush 10732: 10729: 10726: 10723: 10720: 10717: 10714: 10711: 10708: 10705: 10702: 10699: 10696: 10693: 10690: 10687: 10684: 10681: 10678: 10675: 10672: 10669: 10666: 10663: 10660: 10657: 10654: 10651: 10648: 10645: 10642: 10639: 10636: 10633: 10630: 10629: 10627: 10625: 10621: 10617: 10611: 10610: 10606: 10602: 10599: 10598: 10597: 10593: 10589: 10586: 10582: 10579: 10578: 10577: 10573: 10569: 10566: 10562: 10559: 10558: 10557: 10553: 10549: 10546: 10542: 10539: 10538: 10537: 10533: 10529: 10526: 10522: 10519: 10518: 10517: 10513: 10509: 10506: 10502: 10499: 10498: 10497: 10493: 10489: 10486: 10482: 10479: 10478: 10477: 10473: 10469: 10466: 10462: 10459: 10458: 10457: 10453: 10449: 10446: 10442: 10439: 10438: 10437: 10433: 10432:G. H. W. Bush 10429: 10426: 10422: 10419: 10418: 10417: 10413: 10412:G. H. W. Bush 10409: 10406: 10402: 10399: 10398: 10397: 10396:G. H. W. Bush 10393: 10389: 10388:1984 (Dallas) 10386: 10382: 10379: 10378: 10377: 10376:G. H. W. Bush 10373: 10369: 10366: 10362: 10359: 10358: 10357: 10353: 10349: 10346: 10342: 10339: 10338: 10337: 10333: 10329: 10326: 10322: 10319: 10318: 10317: 10313: 10309: 10306: 10302: 10299: 10298: 10297: 10293: 10289: 10286: 10282: 10279: 10278: 10277: 10273: 10269: 10266: 10262: 10259: 10258: 10257: 10253: 10249: 10246: 10242: 10239: 10238: 10237: 10233: 10229: 10226: 10222: 10219: 10218: 10217: 10213: 10209: 10206: 10202: 10199: 10198: 10197: 10193: 10189: 10186: 10182: 10179: 10178: 10177: 10173: 10169: 10166: 10162: 10159: 10158: 10157: 10153: 10149: 10146: 10142: 10139: 10138: 10137: 10133: 10129: 10126: 10122: 10119: 10118: 10117: 10113: 10109: 10106: 10102: 10099: 10098: 10097: 10093: 10089: 10086: 10082: 10079: 10078: 10077: 10073: 10069: 10066: 10062: 10059: 10058: 10057: 10053: 10049: 10046: 10042: 10039: 10038: 10037: 10033: 10029: 10025: 10022: 10020: 10016: 10012: 10009: 10007: 10003: 9999: 9996: 9994: 9990: 9986: 9983: 9981: 9977: 9973: 9970: 9968: 9964: 9960: 9957: 9955: 9951: 9947: 9944: 9942: 9938: 9934: 9931: 9929: 9925: 9921: 9918: 9916: 9912: 9908: 9905: 9903: 9899: 9895: 9892: 9890: 9886: 9882: 9879: 9877: 9873: 9869: 9866: 9864: 9860: 9856: 9853: 9851: 9847: 9843: 9840: 9839: 9837: 9835: 9826: 9819: 9813: 9805: 9802: 9800: 9797: 9795: 9792: 9790: 9787: 9785: 9782: 9781: 9780: 9777: 9776: 9773: 9769: 9760: 9755: 9753: 9748: 9746: 9741: 9740: 9737: 9725: 9717: 9715: 9707: 9706: 9703: 9697: 9694: 9692: 9689: 9687: 9684: 9682: 9679: 9677: 9674: 9672: 9671:G. H. W. Bush 9669: 9667: 9664: 9662: 9659: 9657: 9654: 9652: 9649: 9647: 9646:L. B. Johnson 9644: 9642: 9639: 9637: 9634: 9632: 9629: 9627: 9624: 9622: 9619: 9617: 9614: 9612: 9609: 9607: 9604: 9602: 9599: 9597: 9594: 9592: 9589: 9587: 9584: 9583: 9581: 9575: 9566: 9562: 9559: 9556: 9552: 9549: 9546: 9542: 9539: 9536: 9532: 9529: 9526: 9522: 9519: 9516: 9512: 9509: 9506: 9502: 9501:Ronald Reagan 9499: 9496: 9492: 9489: 9486: 9482: 9479: 9476: 9472: 9471:Richard Nixon 9469: 9466: 9462: 9459: 9456: 9452: 9449: 9446: 9442: 9439: 9436: 9432: 9429: 9426: 9422: 9419: 9416: 9412: 9409: 9406: 9402: 9399: 9396: 9392: 9389: 9386: 9382: 9379: 9376: 9372: 9369: 9366: 9362: 9359: 9356: 9352: 9349: 9346: 9342: 9339: 9336: 9332: 9329: 9326: 9322: 9319: 9316: 9312: 9309: 9306: 9302: 9299: 9296: 9292: 9289: 9286: 9282: 9279: 9276: 9272: 9269: 9266: 9262: 9259: 9256: 9252: 9249: 9246: 9242: 9239: 9236: 9232: 9229: 9226: 9222: 9219: 9216: 9212: 9211:James K. Polk 9209: 9206: 9202: 9199: 9196: 9192: 9189: 9186: 9182: 9179: 9176: 9172: 9169: 9166: 9162: 9159: 9156: 9152: 9149: 9146: 9142: 9141:James Madison 9139: 9136: 9132: 9129: 9126: 9122: 9119: 9116: 9112: 9109: 9108: 9104: 9098: 9094: 9087: 9082: 9080: 9075: 9073: 9068: 9067: 9064: 9058: 9051: 9036: 9027: 9021: 9015: 9011: 9002: 9001: 8994: 8988: 8983: 8979: 8970: 8969: 8966:Chair of the 8961: 8955: 8951: 8942: 8941: 8936: 8928: 8922: 8918: 8909: 8908: 8903: 8895: 8889: 8885: 8876: 8875: 8870: 8862: 8856: 8852: 8843: 8842: 8837: 8829: 8823: 8819: 8810: 8809: 8804: 8796: 8790: 8786: 8777: 8776: 8771: 8763: 8757: 8754: 8750: 8746: 8739: 8735: 8731: 8729: 8726: 8719: 8713: 8709: 8702: 8698: 8694: 8693: 8689: 8682: 8676: 8671: 8666: 8659: 8647: 8646: 8637: 8636: 8633: 8632: 8628: 8626: 8625: 8621: 8620: 8617: 8610: 8607: 8604: 8601: 8600: 8598: 8594: 8586: 8583: 8581: 8578: 8577: 8575: 8573: 8572: 8568: 8566: 8563: 8561: 8558: 8556: 8553: 8551: 8548: 8546: 8543: 8541: 8538: 8536: 8535: 8531: 8530: 8528: 8524: 8518: 8515: 8513: 8510: 8508: 8505: 8503: 8500: 8498: 8495: 8493: 8490: 8488: 8485: 8481: 8478: 8477: 8476: 8473: 8471: 8468: 8466: 8463: 8461: 8458: 8456: 8453: 8451: 8448: 8446: 8443: 8441: 8438: 8436: 8433: 8431: 8428: 8426: 8423: 8421: 8418: 8417: 8415: 8413: 8408: 8404: 8399: 8392: 8382: 8379: 8377: 8374: 8372: 8369: 8367: 8364: 8362: 8359: 8357: 8354: 8352: 8349: 8347: 8344: 8342: 8339: 8338: 8336: 8332: 8324: 8320: 8316: 8313: 8309: 8308: 8305: 8301: 8294: 8289: 8287: 8282: 8280: 8275: 8274: 8271: 8264: 8259: 8255: 8252: 8244: 8240: 8237: 8235: 8231: 8228: 8226: 8222: 8219: 8216: 8215: 8210: 8206: 8203: 8200: 8197: 8195: 8191: 8188: 8186: 8182: 8179: 8175: 8174: 8169: 8164: 8163: 8155: 8154: 8149: 8146: 8145: 8137: 8133: 8130: 8129: 8121: 8118: 8116: 8113: 8112: 8098: 8095: 8092: 8089: 8086: 8083: 8082: 8081: 8072: 8065: 8061: 8057: 8053: 8049: 8045: 8040: 8036: 8032: 8028: 8024: 8020: 8016: 8013:(3): 235–53. 8012: 8008: 8004: 8000: 7998: 7994: 7990: 7986: 7982: 7978: 7974: 7971:(4): 565–88. 7970: 7966: 7961: 7957: 7953: 7949: 7945: 7942:(3): 443–55. 7941: 7937: 7932: 7929: 7925: 7921: 7917: 7913: 7909: 7906:(5): 705–18. 7905: 7901: 7896: 7892: 7888: 7884: 7880: 7876: 7872: 7869:(2): 251–82. 7868: 7864: 7859: 7857: 7853: 7849: 7845: 7841: 7837: 7833: 7830:(4): 736–60. 7829: 7825: 7820: 7818: 7814: 7809: 7805: 7801: 7797: 7793: 7788: 7785: 7781: 7779: 7775: 7771: 7766: 7761: 7757: 7753: 7749: 7744: 7740: 7736: 7732: 7728: 7724: 7720: 7717:(3): 217–39. 7716: 7712: 7707: 7706: 7696: 7695: 7689: 7685: 7684: 7678: 7677: 7667: 7661: 7657: 7652: 7647: 7645:9781476752952 7641: 7637: 7633: 7629: 7625: 7621: 7615: 7610: 7609: 7602: 7597: 7591: 7587: 7586: 7581: 7577: 7573: 7561: 7560: 7555: 7551: 7548: 7544: 7540: 7537: 7533: 7529: 7523: 7519: 7514: 7510: 7504: 7500: 7499: 7493: 7488: 7486:9781451625448 7482: 7478: 7474: 7470: 7466: 7461: 7455: 7451: 7446: 7442: 7436: 7432: 7431: 7426: 7422: 7417: 7413: 7408: 7407: 7401: 7397: 7393: 7387: 7383: 7382: 7376: 7372: 7366: 7361: 7360: 7353: 7349: 7343: 7339: 7338: 7332: 7328: 7322: 7318: 7313: 7309: 7303: 7299: 7295: 7291: 7287: 7281: 7277: 7276: 7270: 7266: 7260: 7255: 7254: 7247: 7245: 7241: 7238: 7237: 7232: 7228: 7222: 7218: 7217: 7211: 7207: 7201: 7196: 7195: 7188: 7187: 7179: 7164: 7159: 7152: 7147: 7141:, p. 99. 7140: 7135: 7128: 7123: 7108: 7104: 7097: 7090: 7085: 7078: 7073: 7066: 7061: 7054: 7049: 7042: 7037: 7029: 7023: 7019: 7018: 7010: 7003: 6998: 6991: 6986: 6979: 6974: 6959: 6955: 6948: 6941: 6936: 6929: 6924: 6917: 6912: 6910: 6902: 6898: 6893: 6886: 6881: 6874: 6869: 6867: 6859: 6854: 6847: 6842: 6835: 6830: 6823: 6818: 6816: 6814: 6806: 6801: 6794: 6789: 6782: 6777: 6775: 6767: 6762: 6755: 6750: 6743: 6738: 6731: 6726: 6719: 6715: 6710: 6703: 6699: 6694: 6687: 6682: 6675: 6670: 6663: 6658: 6651: 6646: 6644: 6636: 6631: 6624: 6619: 6612: 6607: 6600: 6595: 6593: 6585: 6581: 6576: 6569: 6564: 6557: 6552: 6545: 6541: 6536: 6529: 6525: 6520: 6513: 6508: 6501: 6496: 6489: 6484: 6477: 6472: 6465: 6460: 6453: 6448: 6441: 6436: 6434: 6432: 6430: 6428: 6420: 6415: 6408: 6403: 6396: 6392: 6387: 6380: 6376: 6371: 6364: 6359: 6352: 6347: 6339: 6335: 6329: 6321: 6320:Time Magazine 6317: 6311: 6304: 6299: 6292: 6287: 6285: 6277: 6272: 6265: 6260: 6254:, p. 46. 6253: 6249: 6244: 6237: 6232: 6225: 6220: 6218: 6201: 6197: 6191: 6184: 6179: 6177: 6169: 6164: 6162: 6160: 6158: 6150: 6145: 6143: 6135: 6130: 6123: 6118: 6116: 6108: 6103: 6101: 6093: 6088: 6081: 6076: 6069: 6064: 6057: 6052: 6050: 6042: 6037: 6035: 6028:, p. 48. 6027: 6022: 6015: 6011: 6006: 5999: 5994: 5992: 5984: 5979: 5972: 5967: 5965: 5957: 5952: 5945: 5940: 5933: 5928: 5921: 5916: 5914: 5906: 5901: 5894: 5889: 5882: 5877: 5870: 5865: 5858: 5853: 5846: 5841: 5834: 5829: 5822: 5817: 5811:, p. 96. 5810: 5805: 5798: 5793: 5786: 5782: 5777: 5770: 5765: 5763: 5755: 5750: 5743: 5739: 5733: 5726: 5721: 5714: 5709: 5702: 5698: 5693: 5686: 5681: 5675:, p. 74. 5674: 5669: 5662: 5657: 5650: 5644: 5637: 5632: 5625: 5620: 5613: 5608: 5602:, p. 60. 5601: 5596: 5589: 5584: 5577: 5572: 5565: 5560: 5553: 5548: 5541: 5536: 5530:, p. 14. 5529: 5524: 5517: 5513: 5508: 5501: 5497: 5492: 5490: 5482: 5477: 5475: 5467: 5462: 5455: 5450: 5443: 5437: 5430: 5424: 5417: 5411: 5404: 5399: 5392: 5387: 5381:, p. 75. 5380: 5375: 5369:, p. 68. 5368: 5363: 5356: 5351: 5344: 5339: 5332: 5327: 5320: 5315: 5308: 5303: 5296: 5291: 5285:, p. 52. 5284: 5279: 5272: 5267: 5265: 5257: 5252: 5250: 5242: 5237: 5230: 5225: 5218: 5213: 5206: 5201: 5194: 5189: 5183:, p. 59. 5182: 5177: 5170: 5165: 5158: 5153: 5146: 5141: 5134: 5129: 5123:, p. 57. 5122: 5117: 5110: 5105: 5098: 5093: 5087:, p. 92. 5086: 5081: 5075:, p. 81. 5074: 5069: 5063:, p. 61. 5062: 5057: 5050: 5045: 5039:, p. 67. 5038: 5033: 5026: 5021: 5019: 5011: 5006: 4999: 4994: 4987: 4982: 4975: 4970: 4963: 4958: 4951: 4946: 4939: 4934: 4928:, p. 50. 4927: 4922: 4915: 4910: 4904:, p. 46. 4903: 4898: 4891: 4886: 4879: 4874: 4867: 4862: 4855: 4850: 4843: 4838: 4832:, p. 54. 4831: 4826: 4820:, p. 27. 4819: 4814: 4807: 4802: 4795: 4790: 4783: 4778: 4771: 4766: 4759: 4754: 4748:, p. 55. 4747: 4742: 4735: 4731: 4726: 4719: 4715: 4710: 4703: 4698: 4692:, p. 47. 4691: 4686: 4680:, p. 37. 4679: 4674: 4668:, p. 20. 4667: 4662: 4656:, p. 31. 4655: 4650: 4644:, p. 43. 4643: 4638: 4636: 4629:, p. 42. 4628: 4623: 4621: 4613: 4609: 4604: 4602: 4600: 4598: 4590: 4585: 4583: 4575: 4571: 4566: 4564: 4562: 4560: 4558: 4556: 4554: 4546: 4541: 4539: 4537: 4529: 4524: 4522: 4514: 4510: 4505: 4503: 4495: 4490: 4488: 4486: 4478: 4473: 4467: 4462: 4455: 4450: 4448: 4446: 4438: 4433: 4426: 4421: 4414: 4409: 4407: 4399: 4394: 4392: 4390: 4388: 4380: 4376: 4371: 4364: 4359: 4352: 4348: 4343: 4336: 4332: 4327: 4320: 4315: 4308: 4304: 4299: 4297: 4295: 4287: 4283: 4278: 4276: 4274: 4272: 4270: 4262: 4258: 4253: 4246: 4241: 4239: 4231: 4226: 4220:, p. 21. 4219: 4215: 4210: 4208: 4206: 4198: 4194: 4189: 4182: 4178: 4173: 4171: 4163: 4159: 4154: 4148:, p. 21. 4147: 4143: 4138: 4131: 4127: 4122: 4115: 4110: 4103: 4099: 4094: 4087: 4082: 4076:, p. 14. 4075: 4071: 4066: 4059: 4054: 4047: 4042: 4035: 4030: 4028: 4026: 4018: 4014: 4009: 4002: 3999:, p. 6; 3998: 3993: 3986: 3982: 3977: 3969: 3962: 3955: 3950: 3943: 3939: 3934: 3927: 3924:, p. 8; 3923: 3919: 3914: 3908:, p. 13. 3907: 3903: 3899: 3894: 3887: 3882: 3875: 3872:, p. 4; 3871: 3866: 3864: 3862: 3857: 3844: 3838: 3829: 3824: 3823: 3817: 3811: 3805:, p. 21. 3804: 3800: 3796: 3792: 3786: 3779: 3773: 3769: 3758: 3757: 3753: 3752: 3742: 3738: 3733: 3729: 3728: 3718: 3713: 3709: 3705: 3701: 3700: 3693: 3688: 3684: 3680: 3676: 3675: 3668: 3663: 3660: 3656: 3650: 3645: 3644: 3642: 3637: 3634: 3632: 3626: 3624: 3620: 3616: 3612: 3608: 3607:Supreme Court 3604: 3598: 3595: 3591: 3587: 3582: 3576: 3571: 3562: 3560: 3556: 3553:. Similarly, 3552: 3548: 3544: 3538: 3535: 3531: 3527: 3523: 3519: 3515: 3511: 3503: 3498: 3472: 3455: 3438: 3437: 3436: 3433: 3427: 3425: 3421: 3417: 3413: 3397: 3395: 3389: 3387: 3382: 3375: 3372: 3365: 3362: 3360: 3354: 3352: 3348: 3347:X-ray machine 3342: 3339: 3334: 3330: 3329:Leon Czolgosz 3325: 3322: 3313: 3306: 3301: 3296: 3289:Assassination 3286: 3284: 3280: 3275: 3268: 3267:Thomas Edison 3249: 3247: 3243: 3237: 3235: 3231: 3226: 3222: 3217: 3215: 3211: 3207: 3203: 3199: 3195: 3185: 3180: 3173:1900 election 3170: 3168: 3164: 3160: 3155: 3153: 3148: 3146: 3142: 3137: 3135: 3131: 3123: 3119: 3114: 3105: 3103: 3098: 3094: 3089: 3085: 3081: 3077: 3073: 3068: 3066: 3056: 3047: 3045: 3041: 3037: 3033: 3029: 3019: 3017: 3013: 3009: 3002:, August 1900 3001: 2996: 2992: 2990: 2975: 2973: 2968: 2964: 2960: 2956: 2952: 2944: 2940: 2936: 2927: 2925: 2921: 2917: 2911: 2909: 2901: 2896: 2891: 2881: 2879: 2875: 2871: 2867: 2863: 2859: 2854: 2852: 2848: 2843: 2839: 2836: 2831: 2829: 2825: 2822: 2818: 2814: 2808: 2806: 2802: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2785: 2779: 2775: 2772: 2767: 2765: 2761: 2753: 2751: 2746: 2742: 2737: 2732: 2726: 2716: 2715:to McKinley. 2714: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2693: 2689: 2685: 2681: 2676: 2674: 2670: 2666: 2662: 2661:Gold Democrat 2658: 2654: 2653:Lyman J. Gage 2650: 2645: 2640: 2638: 2633: 2630: 2627:McKinley was 2622: 2618: 2615: 2614:Chief Justice 2611: 2601: 2591: 2589: 2585: 2581: 2577: 2573: 2569: 2555: 2551: 2549: 2545: 2540: 2534: 2530: 2525: 2522: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2505: 2504: 2499: 2495: 2491: 2490:A Man of Mark 2487: 2483: 2481: 2476: 2475: 2464: 2459: 2455: 2453: 2448: 2444: 2443:stump speaker 2440: 2436: 2430: 2428: 2404: 2387: 2385: 2381: 2377: 2373: 2368: 2366: 2361: 2353: 2349: 2348: 2343: 2338: 2332: 2322: 2320: 2319:Herbert Croly 2316: 2315:Garret Hobart 2311: 2306: 2304: 2300: 2296: 2295:Shelby Cullom 2292: 2288: 2284: 2276: 2272: 2268: 2266: 2262:cartoon from 2261: 2257: 2253: 2251: 2250:border states 2246: 2242: 2238: 2232: 2227: 2224: 2220: 2215: 2212: 2205: 2200: 2190: 2186: 2176: 2174: 2168: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2157:Panic of 1893 2153: 2151: 2147: 2143: 2138: 2134: 2132: 2124: 2120: 2115: 2111: 2108: 2104: 2094: 2092: 2083: 2078: 2073: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2055: 2054:jerrymandered 2051: 2050: 2045: 2041: 2039: 2035: 2025: 2023: 2019: 2015: 2011: 2006: 2004: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1966: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1946: 1942: 1940: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1918:gold standard 1915: 1908: 1902: 1899: 1890: 1875: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1860: 1856: 1851: 1848: 1846: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1819: 1817: 1813: 1812:typhoid fever 1809: 1804: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1785: 1783: 1778: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1751: 1743: 1734: 1732: 1727: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1709: 1705: 1700: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1677: 1675: 1671: 1670:Fisher's Hill 1667: 1666:Opequon Creek 1663: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1646: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1625: 1624:Major General 1621: 1617: 1612: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1575: 1570: 1561: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1526: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1514:quartermaster 1512: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1491: 1489: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1465: 1463: 1459: 1450: 1446: 1432: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1405: 1403: 1398: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1385:, steeped in 1384: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1363: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1328: 1319: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1300:Leon Czolgosz 1297: 1293: 1292:protectionism 1289: 1285: 1280: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1154: 1152: 1149:; and raised 1148: 1147:gold standard 1144: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1105: 1100: 1098: 1093: 1091: 1086: 1085: 1083: 1082: 1071: 1068: 1066: 1063: 1061: 1058: 1056: 1053: 1051: 1048: 1047: 1038: 1035: 1033: 1030: 1029: 1027: 1026: 1021: 1018: 1016: 1013: 1011: 1008: 1007: 1005: 1004: 995: 992: 991: 990: 989:Assassination 987: 985: 982: 980: 977: 976: 969: 966: 964: 961: 959: 956: 954: 951: 949: 946: 944: 941: 939: 936: 934: 931: 929: 926: 924: 921: 919: 916: 914: 911: 909: 906: 904: 901: 900: 893: 889: 877: 874: 872: 869: 868: 867: 864: 863: 861: 853: 850: 848: 845: 843: 840: 838: 835: 833: 830: 829: 828: 827: 818: 804: 801: 797: 796: 793: 792: 784: 776:Recorded 1896 774: 758: 749: 736: 733: 731: 728: 726: 723: 721: 718: 717: 716: 713: 711: 708: 706: 703: 701: 698: 694: 691: 689: 686: 685: 684: 681: 679: 676: 674: 671: 670: 669: 666: 665: 663: 662: 658: 651: 647: 644: 641: 637: 634: 631: 627: 623: 619: 615: 611: 607: 603: 599: 594: 590: 586: 582: 575: 572: 571: 569: 565: 559: 556: 554: 551: 549: 546: 545: 543: 539: 532: 529: 528: 526: 522: 518: 514: 494: 489: 485: 482: 479: 475: 472: 467: 464: 462:Resting place 460: 456: 452: 451:Assassination 449: 445: 441: 432: 428: 424: 408: 404: 399: 395: 387: 386:18th district 383: 379: 378:17th district 375: 371: 370:16th district 367: 363: 362:17th district 359: 358: 356: 352: 349: 346: 340: 337: 334: 328: 322: 317: 309: 308:18th district 305: 301: 300:20th district 297: 296: 294: 290: 287: 284: 278: 275: 272: 266: 260: 255: 252: 247: 243:Member of the 241: 238: 235: 229: 226: 223: 217: 211: 206: 203: 197: 194: 191: 185: 182: 179: 173: 170: 167: 163: 157: 152: 149: 144: 141: 138: 132: 129: 126: 120: 111: 108: 105: 102: 101:Garret Hobart 99: 98: 96: 93: 88: 82: 77: 74: 69: 65: 52: 47: 40: 37: 33: 19: 16464:Ohio lawyers 16215: 16151: 16133: 16120: 16093: 16085: 16077: 16069: 16068: 16057: 16049: 16041: 16005:Evans (2021) 15990:Parks (2005) 15951: 15933:Brown (1996) 15897:Young (2022) 15855:Lewis (2020) 15843: 15821: 15809: 15782: 15764: 15756: 15739: 15716: 15708: 15698:Dewey (1917) 15685: 15684: 15680:Logan (1886) 15672: 15645: 15595:Individuals 15544: 15525:VP nominee: 15524: 15516: 15496:VP nominee: 15495: 15487: 15477: 15467:Job Harriman 15465:VP nominee: 15464: 15456: 15436:VP nominee: 15435: 15427: 15388:George Dewey 15368: 15360: 15337: 15320: 15311: 15309: 15286: 15278:→ 1904 15270:← 1896 15217: 15198:VP nominee: 15197: 15189: 15169:VP nominee: 15168: 15160: 15138:L. C. Hughes 15134: 15127:Hale Johnson 15125:VP nominee: 15124: 15116: 15064: 15055:VP nominee: 15054: 15046: 14997:Horace Boies 14967: 14957: 14949: 14910: 14887:Matthew Quay 14862: 14856: 14854: 14831: 14823:1900 → 14815:← 1892 14762: 14743:VP nominee: 14742: 14734: 14708: 14699:VP nominee: 14698: 14693:John Bidwell 14690: 14621: 14613: 14596: 14583:John Sherman 14577: 14553: 14544: 14521: 14508:Horace Boies 14483: 14475: 14452: 14444:1896 → 14436:← 1888 14303: 14288: 14234:Starkweather 14224:Starkweather 14050: 14040: 13752: 13638:James Wilson 13454:John Sherman 13436: 13388: 13351: 13334: 13312: 13308:Rostenkowski 13217: 12710:Hickenlooper 12450: 12182:Bibliography 11942: 11821:South Dakota 11811:Rhode Island 11806:Pennsylvania 11786:North Dakota 10620:Presidential 10607: 10528:2012 (Tampa) 9988: 9975: 9832:presidential 9816:Presidential 9596:T. Roosevelt 9565:2021–present 9551:Donald Trump 9541:Barack Obama 9521:Bill Clinton 9491:Jimmy Carter 9350: 9151:James Monroe 9102:presidencies 9025: 9010:Asa Bushnell 8998: 8965: 8932: 8899: 8866: 8833: 8828:James Monroe 8800: 8785:James Monroe 8767: 8723: 8690:nominee for 8686: 8638: 8629: 8622: 8580:Canton, Ohio 8569: 8532: 8526:Public image 8299: 8212: 8171: 8151: 8079: 8070: 8050:(1): 78–80. 8047: 8043: 8010: 8006: 7992: 7968: 7964: 7939: 7935: 7927: 7903: 7899: 7866: 7862: 7852:Ohio History 7851: 7827: 7823: 7802:(1): 18–38. 7799: 7795: 7783: 7773: 7758:(1): 29–31. 7755: 7751: 7714: 7710: 7693: 7682: 7655: 7634:. New York: 7631: 7607: 7584: 7571: 7564:. Retrieved 7558: 7546: 7545:. Volume V: 7542: 7535: 7517: 7497: 7475:. New York: 7472: 7449: 7429: 7405: 7380: 7358: 7336: 7316: 7297: 7274: 7252: 7235: 7215: 7193: 7158: 7146: 7134: 7122: 7112:December 14, 7110:. Retrieved 7106: 7096: 7084: 7072: 7060: 7048: 7036: 7016: 7009: 6997: 6985: 6973: 6961:. Retrieved 6957: 6947: 6935: 6923: 6892: 6880: 6853: 6841: 6829: 6800: 6788: 6761: 6749: 6737: 6725: 6709: 6693: 6681: 6669: 6657: 6630: 6618: 6606: 6575: 6563: 6551: 6535: 6519: 6507: 6495: 6483: 6471: 6459: 6447: 6414: 6402: 6386: 6370: 6358: 6346: 6337: 6328: 6319: 6310: 6298: 6271: 6259: 6243: 6231: 6204:. Retrieved 6199: 6190: 6129: 6087: 6075: 6063: 6021: 6005: 5978: 5951: 5939: 5927: 5900: 5888: 5876: 5864: 5852: 5840: 5828: 5816: 5804: 5792: 5776: 5749: 5737: 5732: 5720: 5708: 5692: 5680: 5668: 5656: 5648: 5643: 5631: 5619: 5607: 5595: 5583: 5571: 5559: 5547: 5535: 5523: 5507: 5461: 5449: 5441: 5436: 5428: 5423: 5415: 5410: 5398: 5386: 5374: 5362: 5350: 5338: 5326: 5314: 5302: 5290: 5278: 5236: 5224: 5212: 5200: 5188: 5176: 5164: 5152: 5140: 5128: 5116: 5104: 5092: 5080: 5068: 5056: 5044: 5032: 5005: 4993: 4981: 4969: 4964:, p. 7. 4957: 4945: 4933: 4921: 4909: 4897: 4885: 4873: 4861: 4849: 4837: 4825: 4813: 4801: 4789: 4777: 4765: 4753: 4741: 4725: 4709: 4697: 4685: 4673: 4661: 4649: 4612:Weisenburger 4472: 4461: 4432: 4420: 4370: 4358: 4342: 4326: 4314: 4252: 4225: 4188: 4153: 4137: 4121: 4109: 4093: 4081: 4065: 4053: 4041: 4008: 3992: 3987:, p. 5. 3976: 3967: 3961: 3949: 3933: 3913: 3893: 3888:, p. 3. 3881: 3876:, p. 2. 3837: 3821: 3810: 3785: 3772: 3754: 3706:in front of 3697: 3672: 3659:Canton, Ohio 3639: 3635: 3627: 3599: 3583: 3579: 3559:Jimmy Carter 3551:Barack Obama 3539: 3507: 3428: 3416:lay in state 3408: 3390: 3377: 3371:Dr. McBurney 3367: 3363: 3355: 3343: 3333:Emma Goldman 3326: 3318: 3271: 3238: 3225:Philadelphia 3218: 3190: 3156: 3149: 3138: 3134:sectionalism 3127: 3108:Civil rights 3069: 3061: 3044:Panama Canal 3040:a new treaty 3025: 3022:Panama canal 3005: 2986: 2948: 2916:yellow fever 2914:struck with 2912: 2904: 2855: 2838:George Dewey 2832: 2809: 2796: 2788: 2783: 2774:Fitzhugh Lee 2768: 2757: 2749: 2677: 2641: 2634: 2626: 2565: 2550:, Colorado. 2535: 2532: 2527: 2523: 2510: 2508: 2501: 2489: 2474:Plain Dealer 2473: 2468: 2446: 2439:whistle-stop 2433: 2424: 2369: 2357: 2345: 2307: 2287:favorite son 2280: 2264: 2245:Matthew Quay 2241:Thomas Platt 2234: 2229: 2216: 2208: 2173:Asa Bushnell 2169: 2154: 2135: 2128: 2122: 2100: 2088: 2075: 2059: 2047: 2031: 2007: 1978:John Sherman 1967: 1951: 1926:money supply 1914:Capitol Hill 1910: 1904: 1895: 1852: 1843: 1820: 1805: 1786: 1782:Stark County 1779: 1775:Warren, Ohio 1763:Poland, Ohio 1756: 1730: 1728: 1701: 1678: 1647: 1627:David Hunter 1613: 1601:George Crook 1578: 1574:Mathew Brady 1527: 1518:Fayetteville 1492: 1466: 1454: 1406: 1399: 1391:abolitionist 1364: 1333: 1281: 1230: 1170:Canton, Ohio 1162:enlisted man 1155: 1114: 1113: 1065:Bibliography 866:Governorship 814: 656: 649:Battles/wars 471:Canton, Ohio 435:(1901-09-14) 354:Constituency 343:Succeeded by 320: 292:Constituency 281:Succeeded by 258: 232:Succeeded by 209: 199:Chair of the 188:Succeeded by 155: 135:Succeeded by 106: 80: 36: 16344:1901 deaths 16329:1843 births 16196:Byrd (2010) 15865:Reid (2022) 15860:Dole (2021) 15640:Clay (1852) 15411:independent 15407:Third-party 15361:President: 15315:(incumbent) 15310:President: 15080:(incumbent) 15030:independent 15026:Third party 14950:President: 14855:President: 14674:independent 14670:Third-party 14614:President: 14550:(incumbent) 14545:President: 14476:President: 14116:W. Ashbrook 14101:W. Ashbrook 13640:(1897–1901) 13621:(1899–1901) 13615:(1897–1899) 13596:(1897–1901) 13577:(1898–1901) 13571:(1897–1898) 13546:(1898–1901) 13540:(1897–1898) 13521:(1899–1901) 13515:(1897–1899) 13496:(1897–1901) 13468:(1898–1901) 13456:(1897–1898) 13439:(1897–1901) 13148:J. G. Jones 13143:L. Campbell 13113:J. W. Jones 13048:G. Campbell 12905:J. W. Brown 12890:J. W. Brown 12845:J. T. Brown 12286:Worthington 12000:Fundraising 11921:Affiliated 11902:Puerto Rico 11736:Mississippi 11651:Connecticut 11373:Summerfield 11148:(2019–2023) 11142:(2015–2019) 11136:(2007–2015) 11130:(1999–2007) 11124:(1995–1999) 11118:(1981–1995) 11112:(1973–1981) 11106:(1965–1973) 11100:(1959–1965) 11094:(1939–1959) 11088:(1931–1939) 11082:(1925–1931) 11076:(1919–1925) 11070:(1911–1919) 11064:(1903–1911) 11058:(1899–1903) 11052:(1895–1899) 11046:(1891–1895) 11040:(1889–1891) 11034:(1883–1889) 11028:(1881–1883) 11022:(1879–1881) 11016:(1877–1879) 11010:(1875–1877) 11004:(1869–1875) 10992:(1863–1869) 10986:(1861–1863) 10980:(1860–1861) 10939:(2003–2007) 10933:(1996–2003) 10927:(1985–1996) 10921:(1980–1985) 10915:(1979–1980) 10909:(1977–1979) 10903:(1969–1977) 10897:(1959–1969) 10891:(1953–1959) 10879:(1952–1953) 10873:(1949–1952) 10867:(1944–1949) 10861:(1941–1944) 10855:(1940–1941) 10849:(1933–1940) 10843:(1929–1933) 10837:(1924–1929) 10831:(1918–1924) 10825:(1913–1918) 10819:(1911–1913) 10813:(1908–1911) 10807:(1897–1908) 10801:(1891–1897) 10795:(1885–1891) 10789:(1884–1885) 10783:(1862–1884) 10777:(1859–1862) 10757:U.S. Senate 10748:(2017–2021) 10742:(2001–2009) 10736:(1989–1993) 10730:(1981–1989) 10724:(1974–1977) 10718:(1969–1974) 10712:(1953–1961) 10706:(1929–1933) 10700:(1923–1929) 10694:(1921–1923) 10688:(1909–1913) 10682:(1901–1909) 10676:(1897–1901) 10670:(1889–1893) 10664:(1881–1885) 10652:(1877–1881) 10646:(1869–1877) 10640:(1865–1868) 10634:(1861–1865) 9825:conventions 9481:Gerald Ford 8460:Dingley Act 8325:(1892–1896) 8317:(1897–1901) 7538:, scholarly 3820:US Senate, 3759:(1896 film) 3359:Adirondacks 3272:Soon after 3252:Second term 3246:solid South 3234:Kansas City 3072:bimetallism 3065:Dingley Act 2878:Puerto Rico 2372:free silver 2360:bimetallism 2146:Minneapolis 2131:swing state 2034:gerrymander 1930:free silver 1859:blue-collar 1793:Republicans 1704:surrendered 1674:Cedar Creek 1643:Jubal Early 1481:Union cause 1348:Scots-Irish 1336:Niles, Ohio 1296:he was shot 1288:imperialism 1261:Philippines 1253:Puerto Rico 1210:sound money 1143:free silver 974:Second term 604:U.S. Army ( 423:Niles, Ohio 389:(1883–1884) 381:(1881–1883) 373:(1879–1881) 365:(1877–1879) 331:Preceded by 311:(1887–1891) 303:(1885–1887) 269:Preceded by 220:Preceded by 176:Preceded by 123:Preceded by 109:(1899–1901) 103:(1897–1899) 60: 1900 16318:Categories 15765:Eisenhower 15717:W. 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Bush 9636:Eisenhower 9586:Washington 9577:Presidency 9201:John Tyler 9121:John Adams 9029:1897–1901 9004:1892–1896 8972:1889–1891 8944:1887–1891 8911:1885–1887 8878:1883–1884 8845:1881–1883 8812:1879–1881 8779:1877–1879 8725:Republican 8688:Republican 8480:Refuse Act 8465:Erdman Act 8407:Presidency 7628:Rove, Karl 6963:August 30, 6168:McCullough 4375:Hoogenboom 4347:Hoogenboom 4331:Hoogenboom 4303:Hoogenboom 4282:Hoogenboom 4257:Hoogenboom 4193:Hoogenboom 4177:Hoogenboom 4158:Hoogenboom 4126:Hoogenboom 4098:Hoogenboom 4070:Hoogenboom 3737:$ 500 bill 3685:, Columbus 3194:Elihu Root 2939:Annexation 2888:See also: 2703:served as 2472:Cleveland 2427:media help 2378:and chose 2204:Mark Hanna 2161:Youngstown 1959:protection 1898:free trade 1836:Mark Hanna 1808:Ida Saxton 1662:Berryville 1554:Sharpsburg 1367:New Lisbon 1182:Democratic 1174:Ida Saxton 1032:convention 1010:convention 898:First term 888:Presidency 832:Early life 606:Union Army 573:Politician 567:Profession 493:Ida Saxton 481:Republican 416:1843-01-29 165:Lieutenant 55:McKinley 16248:Biography 16152:Rehnquist 16086:Roosevelt 16033:East Room 15824:(2006–07, 15757:H. Hoover 15605:in repose 15517:Nominee: 15488:Nominee: 15457:Nominee: 15428:Nominee: 15190:Nominee: 15161:Nominee: 15117:Nominee: 15047:Nominee: 14735:Nominee: 14691:Nominee: 14369:Applegate 14309:J. Taylor 14299:I. Taylor 14279:Updegraff 14146:Traficant 14036:Woodworth 13986:McCauslen 13878:McSweeney 13838:McSweeney 13828:McCulloch 13758:Updegraff 13434:President 13243:Underwood 13098:Verplanck 12935:Hollister 12920:Shoemaker 12915:Voinovich 12800:Greenlund 12633:governors 12586:Hollister 12581:Voinovich 12496:J. M. Cox 12486:J. M. Cox 12396:J. D. Cox 12254:Governors 12239:Governors 12172:Primaries 12108:Factional 12038:Sectional 11875:Territory 11861:Wisconsin 11826:Tennessee 11731:Minnesota 11706:Louisiana 11607:territory 11605:state and 11492:Gillespie 11477:Nicholson 11413:R. Morton 11393:T. Morton 11278:Rosewater 11268:Hitchcock 11258:Cortelyou 11080:Longworth 10943:McConnell 10823:Gallinger 10680:Roosevelt 10601:primaries 10581:primaries 10561:primaries 10541:primaries 10521:primaries 10501:primaries 10481:primaries 10461:primaries 10441:primaries 10421:primaries 10401:primaries 10381:primaries 10361:primaries 10341:primaries 10321:primaries 10301:primaries 10292:Goldwater 10281:primaries 10261:primaries 10241:primaries 10221:primaries 10201:primaries 10181:primaries 10161:primaries 10141:primaries 10121:primaries 10101:primaries 10081:primaries 10061:primaries 10056:Fairbanks 10041:primaries 10006:Fairbanks 10002:Roosevelt 9993:Roosevelt 9834:primaries 9579:timelines 9561:Joe Biden 9555:2017–2021 9545:2009–2017 9535:2001–2009 9525:1993–2001 9515:1989–1993 9505:1981–1989 9495:1977–1981 9485:1974–1977 9475:1969–1974 9465:1963–1969 9455:1961–1963 9445:1953–1961 9435:1945–1953 9425:1933–1945 9415:1929–1933 9405:1923–1929 9395:1921–1923 9385:1913–1921 9375:1909–1913 9365:1901–1909 9355:1897–1901 9345:1893–1897 9335:1889–1893 9325:1885–1889 9315:1881–1885 9295:1877–1881 9285:1869–1877 9275:1865–1869 9265:1861–1865 9255:1857–1861 9245:1853–1857 9235:1850–1853 9225:1849–1850 9215:1845–1849 9205:1841–1845 9185:1837–1841 9175:1829–1837 9165:1825–1829 9155:1817–1825 9145:1809–1817 9135:1801–1809 9125:1797–1801 9115:1789–1797 8412:timeline) 8035:162552066 7891:157657655 7739:150351395 7566:March 23, 7547:1888–1901 7041:Klinghard 4454:Armstrong 4437:Armstrong 4425:Armstrong 4413:Armstrong 4398:Armstrong 4379:Armstrong 4363:Armstrong 4351:Armstrong 4335:Armstrong 4319:Armstrong 4307:Armstrong 4286:Armstrong 4261:Armstrong 4245:Armstrong 4230:Armstrong 4214:Armstrong 4197:Armstrong 4181:Armstrong 4162:Armstrong 4142:Armstrong 4130:Armstrong 4114:Armstrong 4102:Armstrong 4086:Armstrong 4074:Armstrong 4058:Armstrong 4046:Armstrong 4034:Armstrong 4013:Armstrong 3997:Armstrong 3985:Armstrong 3922:Armstrong 3898:Armstrong 3853:Citations 3799:Armstrong 3710:, Buffalo 3594:Karl Rove 3412:East Room 3223:began in 3219:When the 3097:Australia 2835:Commodore 2745:Uncle Sam 2310:St. Louis 1840:Cleveland 1789:Democrats 1715:Freemason 1650:Kernstown 1639:Lynchburg 1585:David Tod 1530:John Pope 1435:Civil War 1397:beliefs. 1395:Methodist 1371:foundries 1304:anarchist 1216:in which 616:1861–1865 584:Signature 541:Education 321:In office 259:In office 210:In office 156:In office 81:In office 71:25th 16296:Politics 16070:McKinley 16042:Harrison 15686:McKinley 15673:Garfield 15601:in honor 15354:Nominees 15303:Nominees 14943:Nominees 14927:Populist 14848:Nominees 14607:Nominees 14538:Nominees 14469:Nominees 14329:Whitacre 14304:McKinley 14289:McKinley 14264:Spalding 14259:Edgerton 14141:Williams 14126:Levering 14121:McGregor 14086:McDowell 14076:Richards 14051:McKinley 14041:McKinley 14011:Lawrence 14006:Albright 13981:Hastings 13903:Gonzalez 13893:Boccieri 13853:Seccombe 13753:McKinley 13728:Tompkins 13713:Hoagland 13698:Giddings 13466:John Hay 13369:J. 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