1202:
821:
1436:
60:
866:
1460:
1448:
617:
960:
672:
1307:
1009:
1272:
1489:
2471:
646:
441:
76:
200:
1237:
911:
1342:
697:
211:
752:
498:
561:
1086:
2519:
2504:
2489:
1847:
3470:
3140:
2700:
2680:
2555:
2400:
2831:
2826:
2816:
2575:
2509:
2886:
2499:
3609:
2791:
2565:
2670:
2582:
3285:
2763:
2768:
2587:
2494:
3594:
2695:
1377:
2783:
2705:
2675:
2690:
2685:
2514:
635:
3604:
2836:
2821:
2811:
2736:
2292:
294:(KSÄŚ) from 1948 to 1989. The post was titled as chairman from 1948 to 1953, first secretary from 1953 to 1971, and general secretary from 1971 to 1989. After the
2570:
1424:
3614:
2617:
1960:
1201:
820:
2879:
1823:
1422:
1528:
2872:
2374:
1418:
1435:
1874:
2285:
3380:
3345:
2440:
2022:
607:
2639:
1684:
17:
1953:
1695:
2751:
2629:
1852:
1781:
1561:
1417:
1063:
798:
284:
225:
1862:
1816:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
2278:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1036:
1032:
1028:
983:
979:
934:
930:
885:
840:
771:
716:
580:
517:
472:
468:
464:
460:
1459:
1447:
3255:
2455:
712:
1796:
1419:
3599:
3589:
3390:
1946:
1416:
64:
1415:
3500:
3305:
2955:
2460:
2145:
1869:
1072:
277:
2658:
2592:
2367:
2031:
1809:
627:
1414:
865:
295:
2724:
1421:
720:
3526:
3420:
3415:
2305:
1566:
1050:
997:
948:
899:
854:
343:
291:
129:
1926:
2067:
656:
3531:
2975:
2450:
2107:
2049:
1893:
1857:
1724:
1420:
807:
689:
204:
59:
3547:
3170:
2801:
2741:
2545:
2360:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
3485:
3155:
2602:
1751:
273:
3410:
3370:
3270:
3196:
3090:
2612:
2560:
2435:
2004:
1714:
544:
3385:
3085:
2758:
2710:
2550:
2445:
2430:
2089:
1981:
1719:
1709:
1591:
785:
735:
531:
424:
333:
269:
2270:
3516:
3465:
3460:
3435:
3405:
3290:
3201:
2773:
1886:
1479:
3495:
3440:
3400:
3355:
3350:
3330:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3295:
3280:
3275:
3260:
3250:
3217:
3050:
2392:
1842:
1736:
265:
2120:
871:
3521:
3480:
3455:
3445:
3430:
3425:
3375:
3340:
3325:
2796:
1837:
1730:
959:
616:
3475:
3395:
3365:
3080:
3040:
2940:
2853:
2634:
1576:
94:
3060:
3055:
2806:
2607:
1571:
671:
661:
594:
486:
370:
1306:
1008:
3335:
3265:
3186:
3135:
3130:
3105:
2960:
2925:
2301:
1881:
215:
3165:
3110:
3070:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3005:
3000:
2990:
2985:
2965:
2945:
2935:
2930:
2920:
2321:
2125:
1242:
1143:
916:
307:
2864:
8:
3490:
3300:
3191:
3160:
3125:
3115:
3100:
3045:
3010:
2995:
2980:
2970:
2950:
2470:
2326:
1488:
1277:
1271:
645:
440:
283:
In periods when the presidency was vacant, most presidential duties were assumed by the
75:
3231:
3150:
3095:
3075:
3065:
3035:
2415:
2405:
1989:
446:
157:
106:
83:
3145:
2597:
2410:
2331:
2135:
1312:
1014:
701:
311:
115:
2130:
965:
2336:
2316:
2115:
1347:
1207:
826:
707:
685:
303:
2341:
1382:
3450:
3120:
2746:
2425:
2420:
1930:
1236:
910:
249:
46:
2153:
2097:
2075:
1994:
1091:
757:
650:
503:
167:
2533:
2383:
1973:
1938:
1924:
Heavily illustrated rare big original 1943 Nazi book on
Eastern Europe and Asia
261:
241:
199:
38:
3583:
2901:
1923:
257:
111:
2039:
2012:
1912:
1848:
Lists of political office-holders in the
Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
621:
566:
665:
639:
2352:
1341:
2644:
2300:
1135:
353:
1144:
General secretaries of the
Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (1948–1989)
3564:
1. Partially or entirely in Asia, depending on geographical definition.
2057:
1760:
696:
676:
99:
3360:
751:
560:
497:
1150:
210:
1321:
1286:
1023:
1391:
1356:
1251:
1216:
1100:
1085:
974:
925:
880:
835:
766:
681:
660:, which was the government of Czechoslovakia recognized by the
575:
512:
455:
1413:
1148:
Except for the final office-holder, the leader of the KSÄŚ was
1157:
Title: Chairman (1948–1953) and first secretary (1953–1971).
1071:
Official names: Czechoslovak
Socialist Republic (1989–1990),
1154:
the most powerful person in the country during this period.
3015:
2894:
1376:
317:
314:) also served as president at some point in their tenures.
3610:
Lists of political office-holders in the Czech
Republic
3567:
2. Recognised by at least one United
Nations member.
3595:
806:Official names: Czechoslovak Republic (1948–1960),
3605:Leaders of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
3581:
3570:3. Not recognised by any United Nations members.
1968:
680:became President of the quasi-independent, pro-
302:chief executive. However, three party leaders (
3615:Lists of political office-holders in Slovakia
2880:
2368:
2286:
1954:
1875:List of prime ministers of the Czech Republic
1817:
290:The second section lists the leaders of the
2382:
2887:
2873:
2375:
2361:
2293:
2279:
1961:
1947:
1824:
1810:
1853:List of prime ministers of Czechoslovakia
1427:
2441:Occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938–1945)
1863:List of presidents of the Czech Republic
654:proclaimed himself President within the
318:Presidents of Czechoslovakia (1918–1992)
2895:Heads of state and government of Europe
14:
3582:
2456:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia
2868:
2752:Germans in Czechoslovakia (1918–1938)
2356:
2274:
1942:
298:, the KSÄŚ's leader was the country's
2461:Czech and Slovak Federative Republic
2146:Czech and Slovak Federative Republic
1870:Prime Minister of the Czech Republic
1073:Czech and Slovak Federative Republic
278:Czech and Slovak Federative Republic
1913:Rare 1943 Third Reich facts booklet
628:Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
88:14 November 1918 – 14 December 1935
24:
334:Czechoslovak National Social Party
25:
3626:
3471:Sovereign Military Order of Malta
3141:Sovereign Military Order of Malta
344:Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
292:Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
65:Presidential Standard (1918–1960)
2469:
2304:of the Central Committee of the
1487:
1458:
1446:
1434:
1375:
1340:
1305:
1270:
1235:
1200:
1084:
1007:
958:
909:
864:
819:
750:
695:
670:
657:Czechoslovak government-in-exile
644:
615:
559:
496:
439:
226:Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia
209:
198:
74:
58:
2451:Czechoslovak Socialist Republic
2108:Czechoslovak Socialist Republic
1894:List of Czech presidential pets
1858:President of the Czech Republic
1725:Czechoslovak Socialist Republic
808:Czechoslovak Socialist Republic
205:President of the Czech Republic
2618:Cold War border fortifications
1917:
1906:
1163:
625:became State President of the
378:
13:
1:
1899:
1332:18 years, 244 days
1262:14 years, 297 days
1047:14 years, 195 days
945:10 years, 124 days
3600:Presidents of Czechoslovakia
3590:Lists of national presidents
2436:Second Czechoslovak Republic
2005:Second Czechoslovak Republic
1715:Second Czechoslovak Republic
1132:2 years, 204 days
896:4 years, 237 days
851:4 years, 273 days
545:Second Czechoslovak Republic
528:2 years, 291 days
483:17 years, 30 days
7:
2446:Third Czechoslovak Republic
2431:First Czechoslovak Republic
2090:Third Czechoslovak Republic
1982:First Czechoslovak Republic
1720:Third Czechoslovak Republic
1710:First Czechoslovak Republic
1470:
1408:
1367:1 year, 342 days
1297:1 year, 102 days
1227:5 years, 41 days
994:7 years, 60 days
782:3 years, 64 days
736:Third Czechoslovak Republic
425:First Czechoslovak Republic
270:First Czechoslovak Republic
238:president of Czechoslovakia
32:President of Czechoslovakia
18:President of Czechoslovakia
10:
3631:
1887:Prime Minister of Slovakia
1480:Politics of Czechoslovakia
3560:
3540:
3509:
3241:
3230:
3210:
3179:
2911:
2900:
2849:
2782:
2732:
2723:
2666:
2657:
2541:
2532:
2485:
2478:
2467:
2391:
2312:
2162:
2144:
2106:
2088:
2066:
2048:
2030:
2021:
2003:
1980:
1843:List of Bohemian monarchs
1737:Slovak Socialist Republic
1180:
1177:
1170:
1167:
1162:
1060:
1056:
795:
791:
732:
728:
604:
600:
541:
537:
421:
417:
401:
398:
395:
392:
385:
382:
377:
254:prezident ÄŚesko-Slovenska
221:
191:
173:
163:
153:
135:
125:
105:
93:
71:
57:
51:Prezident ÄŚesko-Slovenska
36:
31:
1838:List of rulers of Czechs
1731:Czech Socialist Republic
1696:Administrative divisions
705:became President of the
246:prezident ÄŚeskoslovenska
43:Prezident ÄŚeskoslovenska
3346:Holy See (Vatican City)
3016:Holy See (Vatican City)
1782:Communist foreign trade
1577:Slovak National Council
141:; 105 years ago
3286:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2956:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1572:Czech National Council
1428:Presidential standards
253:
245:
179:; 32 years ago
50:
42:
2050:First Slovak Republic
1882:President of Slovakia
216:President of Slovakia
139:14 November 1918
3510:Partially recognised
3180:Partially recognised
2520:World Heritage Sites
1441:1918–1939, 1945–1960
3541:Unrecognised states
3211:Unrecognised states
2068:Government-in-exile
280:on 1 January 1993.
3446:Russian Federation
3116:Russian Federation
2701:Telecommunications
2416:Congress of Vienna
2406:Kingdom of Bohemia
1929:2009-04-10 at the
1064:Post–Communist Era
721:Kingdom of Hungary
638:incorporated into
272:in 1918 until the
3577:
3576:
3556:
3555:
3242:UN members
3226:
3225:
2912:UN members
2862:
2861:
2845:
2844:
2719:
2718:
2653:
2652:
2640:Political parties
2556:Foreign relations
2528:
2527:
2411:Habsburg monarchy
2350:
2349:
2302:First Secretaries
2268:
2267:
2121:AntonĂn ZápotockĂ˝
2084:
2083:
2023:German occupation
1834:
1833:
1775:Foreign relations
1685:Political parties
1406:
1405:
1399:20 December 1989
1396:24 November 1989
1364:24 November 1989
1361:17 December 1987
1329:17 December 1987
1141:
1140:
1126:29 December 1989
1044:10 December 1989
939:19 November 1957
893:13 November 1957
872:AntonĂn ZápotockĂ˝
702:Avgustyn Voloshyn
636:autonomous region
585:30 November 1938
522:18 December 1935
480:14 December 1935
477:14 November 1918
324:Political parties
234:
233:
177:20 July 1992
116:Bratislava Castle
16:(Redirected from
3622:
3239:
3238:
2909:
2908:
2889:
2882:
2875:
2866:
2865:
2730:
2729:
2664:
2663:
2539:
2538:
2483:
2482:
2473:
2377:
2370:
2363:
2354:
2353:
2327:Alexander DubÄŤek
2317:Klement Gottwald
2295:
2288:
2281:
2272:
2271:
2116:Klement Gottwald
2028:
2027:
1963:
1956:
1949:
1940:
1939:
1933:
1921:
1915:
1910:
1826:
1819:
1812:
1567:Federal Assembly
1491:
1475:
1474:
1462:
1450:
1438:
1388:
1379:
1353:
1344:
1318:
1309:
1283:
1278:Alexander DubÄŤek
1274:
1248:
1239:
1213:
1208:Klement Gottwald
1204:
1175:
1165:
1160:
1159:
1123:
1097:
1088:
1076:
1020:
1011:
971:
962:
922:
913:
877:
868:
832:
827:Klement Gottwald
823:
811:
763:
754:
742:
724:
711:few days before
708:Carpatho-Ukraine
699:
674:
648:
619:
572:
563:
551:
509:
500:
452:
443:
431:
402:Political party
390:
380:
375:
374:
368:
351:
341:
331:
304:Klement Gottwald
296:1948 coup d'Ă©tat
230:
214:
213:
203:
202:
194:
187:
185:
180:
149:
147:
142:
130:Federal Assembly
121:
78:
62:
53:
29:
28:
21:
3630:
3629:
3625:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3620:
3619:
3580:
3579:
3578:
3573:
3552:
3536:
3527:Northern Cyprus
3505:
3421:North Macedonia
3243:
3233:
3222:
3206:
3197:Northern Cyprus
3175:
3091:North Macedonia
2913:
2903:
2896:
2893:
2863:
2858:
2841:
2832:Public holidays
2827:National anthem
2778:
2747:Sudeten Germans
2715:
2649:
2524:
2474:
2465:
2426:Austria-Hungary
2421:Austrian Empire
2387:
2381:
2351:
2346:
2322:AntonĂn NovotnĂ˝
2308:
2299:
2269:
2264:
2158:
2140:
2126:AntonĂn NovotnĂ˝
2102:
2080:
2062:
2044:
2017:
1999:
1976:
1967:
1937:
1936:
1931:Wayback Machine
1922:
1918:
1911:
1907:
1902:
1830:
1801:
1797:Other countries
1788:
1787:
1786:
1776:
1768:
1767:
1766:
1763:
1754:
1744:
1743:
1733:
1705:
1690:
1689:
1679:
1594:
1584:
1583:
1562:Prime Ministers
1552:
1551:
1535:
1534:
1533:
1503:
1482:
1473:
1466:
1463:
1454:
1451:
1442:
1439:
1430:
1425:
1423:
1411:
1386:
1385:
1351:
1350:
1316:
1315:
1291:5 January 1968
1281:
1280:
1259:5 January 1968
1246:
1245:
1243:AntonĂn NovotnĂ˝
1211:
1210:
1192:Time in office
1181:Term of office
1173:
1172:
1146:
1117:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1095:
1094:
1070:
1068:
1067:
1035:
1031:
1018:
1017:
982:
969:
968:
933:
920:
919:
917:AntonĂn NovotnĂ˝
875:
874:
830:
829:
805:
803:
802:
761:
760:
740:
739:
694:
690:Slovak Republic
669:
643:
614:
612:
611:
570:
569:
549:
548:
525:5 October 1938
507:
506:
471:
467:
463:
450:
449:
429:
428:
413:Time in office
399:Term of office
388:
387:
373:
366:
357:
349:
347:
339:
337:
329:
320:
308:AntonĂn NovotnĂ˝
228:
208:
207:
197:
192:
183:
181:
178:
145:
143:
140:
119:
118:
114:
89:
87:
82:
81:Longest serving
79:
67:
45:
37:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3628:
3618:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3575:
3574:
3572:
3571:
3568:
3565:
3561:
3558:
3557:
3554:
3553:
3551:
3550:
3544:
3542:
3538:
3537:
3535:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3513:
3511:
3507:
3506:
3504:
3503:
3501:United Kingdom
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3306:Czech Republic
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3247:
3245:
3236:
3228:
3227:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3220:
3214:
3212:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3183:
3181:
3177:
3176:
3174:
3173:
3171:United Kingdom
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2976:Czech Republic
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2917:
2915:
2906:
2898:
2897:
2892:
2891:
2884:
2877:
2869:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2856:
2850:
2847:
2846:
2843:
2842:
2840:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2788:
2786:
2780:
2779:
2777:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2755:
2754:
2749:
2739:
2733:
2727:
2721:
2720:
2717:
2716:
2714:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2667:
2661:
2655:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2630:Prime Minister
2627:
2622:
2621:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2579:
2578:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2542:
2536:
2530:
2529:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2486:
2480:
2476:
2475:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2397:
2395:
2389:
2388:
2386: articles
2384:Czechoslovakia
2380:
2379:
2372:
2365:
2357:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2298:
2297:
2290:
2283:
2275:
2266:
2265:
2263:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2166:
2164:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2156:
2150:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2138:
2133:
2131:LudvĂk Svoboda
2128:
2123:
2118:
2112:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2100:
2094:
2092:
2086:
2085:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2078:
2072:
2070:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2060:
2054:
2052:
2046:
2045:
2043:
2042:
2036:
2034:
2025:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2015:
2009:
2007:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1997:
1992:
1986:
1984:
1978:
1977:
1974:Czechoslovakia
1966:
1965:
1958:
1951:
1943:
1935:
1934:
1916:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1896:
1891:
1890:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1878:
1877:
1867:
1866:
1865:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1832:
1831:
1829:
1828:
1821:
1814:
1806:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1799:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1785:
1784:
1778:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1765:
1764:
1759:
1756:
1755:
1750:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1742:
1741:
1740:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1706:
1703:
1702:
1699:
1698:
1692:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1682:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1601:
1598:Parliamentary
1595:
1590:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1579:
1574:
1564:
1559:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1546:
1542:
1541:
1540:
1537:
1536:
1532:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1505:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1484:
1483:
1478:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1467:
1464:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1433:
1429:
1426:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1389:
1380:
1373:
1369:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1354:
1345:
1338:
1334:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1326:17 April 1969
1324:
1319:
1310:
1303:
1299:
1298:
1295:
1294:17 April 1969
1292:
1289:
1284:
1275:
1268:
1264:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1256:14 March 1953
1254:
1249:
1240:
1233:
1229:
1228:
1225:
1224:14 March 1953
1222:
1221:February 1948
1219:
1214:
1205:
1198:
1194:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1183:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1169:
1166:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1103:
1098:
1089:
1082:
1078:
1077:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1026:
1021:
1012:
1005:
1001:
1000:
995:
992:
989:
988:30 March 1968
986:
977:
972:
966:LudvĂk Svoboda
963:
956:
952:
951:
946:
943:
942:22 March 1968
940:
937:
928:
923:
914:
907:
903:
902:
897:
894:
891:
890:21 March 1953
888:
883:
878:
869:
862:
858:
857:
852:
849:
848:14 March 1953
846:
843:
838:
833:
824:
817:
813:
812:
796:
793:
792:
789:
788:
783:
780:
777:
774:
769:
764:
755:
748:
744:
743:
733:
730:
729:
726:
725:
605:
602:
601:
598:
597:
592:
591:105 days
589:
588:15 March 1939
586:
583:
578:
573:
564:
557:
553:
552:
542:
539:
538:
535:
534:
529:
526:
523:
520:
515:
510:
501:
494:
490:
489:
484:
481:
478:
475:
458:
453:
444:
437:
433:
432:
422:
419:
418:
415:
414:
411:
408:
404:
403:
400:
397:
394:
391:
384:
381:
365:
364:
363:
361:Other factions
348:
338:
328:
327:
326:
319:
316:
285:prime minister
262:Czechoslovakia
232:
231:
223:
219:
218:
195:
189:
188:
175:
171:
170:
165:
161:
160:
155:
151:
150:
137:
133:
132:
127:
123:
122:
109:
103:
102:
100:His Excellency
97:
91:
90:
73:
72:
69:
68:
63:
55:
54:
34:
33:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3627:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3569:
3566:
3563:
3562:
3559:
3549:
3546:
3545:
3543:
3539:
3533:
3532:South Ossetia
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3514:
3512:
3508:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3381:Liechtenstein
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3244:and observers
3240:
3237:
3235:
3229:
3219:
3216:
3215:
3213:
3209:
3203:
3202:South Ossetia
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3178:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3051:Liechtenstein
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2918:
2916:
2914:and observers
2910:
2907:
2905:
2899:
2890:
2885:
2883:
2878:
2876:
2871:
2870:
2867:
2855:
2852:
2851:
2848:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2789:
2787:
2785:
2781:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2744:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2734:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2722:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2656:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2603:People's Army
2601:
2599:
2596:
2595:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2577:
2574:
2573:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2543:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2531:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2487:
2484:
2481:
2477:
2472:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2398:
2396:
2394:
2390:
2385:
2378:
2373:
2371:
2366:
2364:
2359:
2358:
2355:
2343:
2342:Karel Urbánek
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2314:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2296:
2291:
2289:
2284:
2282:
2277:
2276:
2273:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2161:
2155:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2143:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2099:
2096:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2087:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2065:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2047:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2020:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2002:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1990:Tomáš Masaryk
1988:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1964:
1959:
1957:
1952:
1950:
1945:
1944:
1941:
1932:
1928:
1925:
1920:
1914:
1909:
1905:
1895:
1892:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1876:
1873:
1872:
1871:
1868:
1864:
1861:
1860:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1840:
1839:
1836:
1835:
1827:
1822:
1820:
1815:
1813:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1804:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1791:
1783:
1780:
1779:
1772:
1771:
1762:
1758:
1757:
1753:
1748:
1747:
1738:
1735:
1732:
1728:
1727:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1701:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1693:
1686:
1683:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1599:
1597:
1596:
1593:
1588:
1587:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1547:
1544:
1543:
1539:
1538:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1499:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1476:
1461:
1456:
1449:
1444:
1437:
1432:
1431:
1402:26 days
1401:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1384:
1383:Karel Urbánek
1381:
1378:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1199:
1196:
1195:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1174:(Birth–Death)
1161:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1152:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1129:20 July 1992
1128:
1125:
1121:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1074:
1066:
1065:
1059:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1006:
1003:
1002:
999:
996:
993:
990:
987:
985:
981:
978:
976:
973:
967:
964:
961:
957:
954:
953:
950:
947:
944:
941:
938:
936:
932:
929:
927:
924:
918:
915:
912:
908:
905:
904:
901:
898:
895:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
873:
870:
867:
863:
860:
859:
856:
853:
850:
847:
845:14 June 1948
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
828:
825:
822:
818:
815:
814:
809:
801:
800:
799:Communist Era
794:
790:
787:
784:
781:
778:
776:4 April 1945
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
759:
756:
753:
749:
746:
745:
738:
737:
731:
727:
722:
718:
714:
710:
709:
704:
703:
698:
692:
691:
687:
686:clero-fascist
683:
679:
678:
673:
667:
663:
659:
658:
653:
652:
647:
641:
637:
634:
630:
629:
624:
623:
618:
610:
609:
603:
599:
596:
593:
590:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
568:
565:
562:
558:
555:
554:
547:
546:
540:
536:
533:
530:
527:
524:
521:
519:
516:
514:
511:
505:
502:
499:
495:
492:
491:
488:
485:
482:
479:
476:
474:
470:
466:
462:
459:
457:
454:
448:
447:Tomáš Masaryk
445:
442:
438:
435:
434:
427:
426:
420:
416:
412:
409:
406:
405:
389:(Birth–Death)
376:
372:
362:
359:
358:
355:
345:
335:
325:
322:
321:
315:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
288:
286:
281:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
258:head of state
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
227:
224:
220:
217:
212:
206:
201:
196:
193:Superseded by
190:
176:
172:
169:
166:
162:
159:
158:Tomáš Masaryk
156:
152:
138:
134:
131:
128:
124:
117:
113:
112:Prague Castle
110:
108:
104:
101:
98:
96:
92:
86:
85:
84:Tomáš Masaryk
77:
70:
66:
61:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
35:
30:
27:
19:
3548:Transnistria
3218:Transnistria
2802:Coat of arms
2792:Architecture
2742:Demographics
2624:
2613:Naval Forces
2588:Legal system
2566:Human rights
2546:Constitution
2332:Gustáv Husák
2154:Václav Havel
2136:Gustáv Husák
2098:Edvard Beneš
2076:Edvard Beneš
2032:Protectorate
1995:Edvard Beneš
1969:
1919:
1908:
1556:
1502:Constitution
1313:Gustáv Husák
1189:Left office
1186:Took office
1156:
1149:
1147:
1119:
1092:Václav Havel
1062:
1041:29 May 1975
1015:Gustáv Husák
991:29 May 1975
797:
779:7 June 1948
758:Edvard Beneš
734:
706:
700:
688:
675:
666:World War II
655:
651:Edvard Beneš
649:
640:Nazi Germany
632:
626:
620:
606:
543:
504:Edvard Beneš
423:
410:Left office
407:Took office
360:
323:
312:Gustáv Husák
299:
289:
282:
237:
235:
168:Václav Havel
164:Final holder
154:First holder
80:
26:
3486:Switzerland
3416:Netherlands
3156:Switzerland
3086:Netherlands
2764:Health care
2671:Agriculture
2645:Sudetenland
2583:LGBT rights
2576:enforcement
2337:Miloš Jakeš
1752:Dissolution
1548:Legislative
1387:(born 1941)
1352:(1922–2020)
1348:Miloš Jakeš
1317:(1913–1991)
1282:(1921–1992)
1247:(1904–1975)
1212:(1896–1953)
1096:(1936–2011)
1075:(1990–1992)
1069:(1989–1992)
1019:(1913–1991)
970:(1895–1979)
921:(1904–1975)
876:(1884–1957)
831:(1896–1953)
810:(1960–1989)
804:(1948–1989)
762:(1884–1948)
741:(1945–1948)
613:(1939–1945)
595:Independent
571:(1872–1945)
550:(1938–1939)
508:(1884–1948)
487:Independent
451:(1850–1937)
430:(1918–1938)
371:Independent
354:Civic Forum
274:dissolution
264:, from the
229:(1948–1992)
3584:Categories
3451:San Marino
3411:Montenegro
3391:Luxembourg
3371:Kazakhstan
3271:Azerbaijan
3234:government
3121:San Marino
3081:Montenegro
3061:Luxembourg
3041:Kazakhstan
2941:Azerbaijan
2635:Parliament
2561:Government
2058:Jozef Tiso
2040:Emil Hácha
2013:Emil Hácha
1970:Presidents
1900:References
1761:Hyphen War
1557:Presidents
1178:Ethnicity
717:occupation
677:Jozef Tiso
622:Emil Hácha
608:Occupation
567:Emil Hácha
393:Ethnicity
256:) was the
184:1992-07-20
146:1918-11-14
3386:Lithuania
3056:Lithuania
2769:Languages
2759:Education
2711:Transport
2681:Companies
2625:President
2608:Air Force
2551:Elections
2505:Mountains
2495:Districts
2479:Geography
2163:Elections
1592:Elections
1545:Executive
1465:1990–1992
1453:1960–1990
1168:Portrait
383:Portrait
174:Abolished
136:Formation
126:Appointer
120:(1969–92)
107:Residence
3517:Abkhazia
3466:Slovenia
3461:Slovakia
3436:Portugal
3291:Bulgaria
3232:Heads of
3187:Abkhazia
3136:Slovenia
3131:Slovakia
3106:Portugal
2961:Bulgaria
2904:of state
2854:Category
2774:Religion
2696:Taxation
2593:Military
2534:Politics
2401:Timeline
1927:Archived
1471:See also
1409:Timeline
1151:de facto
713:invasion
396:Elected
300:de facto
266:creation
3496:Ukraine
3441:Romania
3401:Moldova
3361:Ireland
3356:Iceland
3351:Hungary
3336:Germany
3331:Georgia
3321:Finland
3316:Estonia
3311:Denmark
3296:Croatia
3281:Belgium
3276:Belarus
3266:Austria
3261:Armenia
3256:Andorra
3251:Albania
3166:Ukraine
3111:Romania
3071:Moldova
3031:Ireland
3026:Iceland
3021:Hungary
3006:Germany
3001:Georgia
2991:Finland
2986:Estonia
2981:Denmark
2966:Croatia
2951:Belgium
2946:Belarus
2936:Austria
2931:Armenia
2926:Andorra
2921:Albania
2817:Museums
2784:Culture
2725:Society
2706:Tourism
2676:Banking
2659:Economy
2393:History
719:by the
664:during
633:de jure
276:of the
268:of the
182: (
144: (
3522:Kosovo
3491:Turkey
3481:Sweden
3456:Serbia
3431:Poland
3426:Norway
3406:Monaco
3376:Latvia
3341:Greece
3326:France
3301:Cyprus
3192:Kosovo
3161:Turkey
3151:Sweden
3126:Serbia
3101:Poland
3096:Norway
3076:Monaco
3046:Latvia
3011:Greece
2996:France
2971:Cyprus
2797:Cinema
2691:Mining
2686:Energy
2515:States
2510:Rivers
2490:Cities
1704:States
1322:Slovak
1287:Slovak
1120:failed
1024:Slovak
662:Allies
369:
367:
352:
350:
342:
340:
336:(ÄŚSNS)
332:
330:
250:Slovak
222:Deputy
47:Slovak
3476:Spain
3396:Malta
3366:Italy
3146:Spain
3066:Malta
3036:Italy
2902:Heads
2837:Sport
2822:Music
2812:Media
2737:Crime
2500:Lakes
1392:Czech
1357:Czech
1252:Czech
1217:Czech
1101:Czech
975:Czech
926:Czech
881:Czech
836:Czech
767:Czech
576:Czech
513:Czech
456:Czech
346:(KSÄŚ)
242:Czech
95:Style
39:Czech
2807:Flag
2598:Army
2260:1992
2255:1990
2250:1989
2245:1985
2240:1980
2235:1975
2230:1973
2225:1968
2220:1964
2215:1957
2210:1953
2205:1948
2200:1946
2195:1938
2190:1935
2185:1934
2180:1927
2175:1920
2170:1918
1675:1992
1670:1990
1665:1986
1660:1981
1655:1976
1650:1971
1645:1964
1640:1960
1635:1954
1630:1948
1625:1946
1620:1935
1615:1929
1610:1925
1605:1920
1529:1968
1524:1960
1519:1948
1514:1920
1509:1918
1171:Name
1114:1992
1110:1990
1106:1989
1037:1985
1033:1980
1029:1975
984:1973
980:1968
935:1964
931:1957
886:1953
841:1948
786:ÄŚSNS
772:1946
715:and
684:and
682:Nazi
631:, a
581:1938
532:ÄŚSNS
518:1935
473:1934
469:1927
465:1920
461:1918
386:Name
356:(OF)
310:and
260:of
236:The
2571:Law
2306:KSÄŚ
1972:of
1164:No.
1051:KSÄŚ
998:KSÄŚ
949:KSÄŚ
900:KSÄŚ
855:KSÄŚ
379:No.
3586::
1372:6
1337:5
1302:4
1267:3
1232:2
1197:1
1136:OF
1081:9
1004:8
955:7
906:6
861:5
816:4
747:2
556:3
493:2
436:1
306:,
287:.
252::
248:,
244::
49::
41::
2888:e
2881:t
2874:v
2376:e
2369:t
2362:v
2294:e
2287:t
2280:v
1962:e
1955:t
1948:v
1825:e
1818:t
1811:v
1122:)
1118:(
723:.
693:.
668:.
642:.
240:(
186:)
148:)
20:)
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