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On 14 February 2019, the
Egyptian parliament voted overwhelmingly to approve draft amendments to the country's 2014 constitution; among other things, these amendments extend the duration of presidential terms from four years to six years, and allow incumbent president Abdel Fattah el-Sisi to extend
1613:
The commission is composed of ten members, presided by the chief justice of the
Supreme Constitutional Court and four other ex officio members of the judiciary who are the most senior serving deputy president of each of the Supreme Constitutional, the Court of Cassation, and the High Administrative
1481:
A successful candidate must be elected by the majority of the votes. If no candidate attains such a majority, elections will be repeated after at least seven days between the two candidates having the highest votes. In case of a tie between the candidate who attained the second highest votes and a
1878:
In case of the vacancy of the presidential office or the permanent incapacitation of the
President, the Speaker of the People's Assembly shall temporarily assume the presidency. In case the People's Assembly is dissolved at such a time, the President of the Supreme Constitutional Court shall take
1624:
It also has final judicial competence to rule on any contesting or challenge submitted in relation to the presidential elections, and its decisions are final and subject to no appeal. The committee may issue its own regulations and shall be competent to establish general sub-committees from among
1558:
in foreign relations and has the power to ratify treaties, can issue decrees having the force of law when the House of
Representatives is in recess, and such decrees are subject to approval by the House after resuming its sessions at the end of the recess, and acts as the supreme commander of the
1549:
provided for a semi-presidential form of government in which the president shares executive powers with the prime minister, until it was suspended following Morsi's removal from office. This structure was retained by the 2014 Constitution, which was drafted following Morsi's ousting and came into
1633:
In accordance with
Article 79 of the constitution, the president must take the following oath or affirmation before exercising his functions: "I swear by Allah the Almighty to sincerely maintain the Republican system, to respect the Constitution and law, to fully care about the interests of the
1620:
Decisions of this
Committee shall be passed by a majority of seven votes. This commission has a term of five years and is exclusively competent to supervise the presidential election process, including accepting nominations, announcing the names of accepted candidates, supervision of election
1500:, by which the Supreme Constitutional Court shall have the right of prior review of national legislation to decide on its compatibility with the Constitution. This differs from the practice thus far by which the review process undertaken by the Court on national legislation was done by
1526:, the President also appoints deans of faculties and majors, and can also enlist or oust people in the private sector. The President then also has the power to issue regulations for the enforcement of laws, ensuring proper public services, etc., which have been transferred to the
1553:
Under the present 2014 Constitution, the president is the head of state as well as that of the executive. The president lays down, along with the prime minister and the cabinet, the state's general policy and oversees its implementation. The president represents
1885:
Although, the constitution does not directly stipulate any role for the vice president in the process of presidential succession, it had become a tradition for the People's
Assembly to nominate a vice president for the vacant office of the president. Both
1521:
as well as appoints the
Cabinet per the latter's recommendation, while in reality, he was the head of both the state and of the government, as well as being the top foreign policy maker and holding supreme command over the military. During
1609:
The amendment to
Article 76 of the constitution provides for the establishment of a "Presidential Election Commission" that would have complete independence and would be charged with the supervision of the presidential election process.
1327:. In April 2019, Egypt's parliament extended presidential terms from four to six years. President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi was also allowed to run for third term in next election in 2024. In December 2023, President al-Sisi won the
408:
1879:
over the presidency on condition that neither shall nominate themselves for the presidency. Both are also limited in power as in they cannot dissolve the parliament, remove the cabinet, or propose constitutional amendments.
1646:
his current term to the 6 year length, as well as serve a third and final term, exempting him from the two-term limit that otherwise applies to the office of president. These amendments were subsequently ratified in the
1362:
A candidate needs at least a two-thirds majority in the
Assembly in order to win the nomination. In the second stage, the candidate is confirmed in office by popular plebiscite of all eligible voters in the country.
1894:
served as vice-presidents at the time the presidential office became vacant; however, on Mubarak's succession in 1981 as president, he did not appoint a vice-president until 29 January 2011, when during
1290:
on 24 June; he was the first president to gain power solely through an election via popular vote. However, Morsi's presidency was short-lived, and slightly more than a year later on 3 July 2013 he was
1882:
The People's Assembly shall then proclaim the vacancy of the office of president, and a new president shall be chosen within a maximum period of sixty days from the date of the vacancy of the office.
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Additional requirements were provisioned in Article 142 of the Egyptian constitution concerning candidates for the president's office. Candidates must have the recommendation of 20 members of the
1485:
The amendment also provides that a law will be passed to regulate the relevant election procedures. This law is expected to regulate the various aspects of the election process itself, including
1343:
has had various forms since the establishment of the republic in 1953. In all iterations of the republican constitution until 2005, the method of electing the president is based on that of the
1359:. In this two-stage system, the Egyptian legislature, the National Assembly (a name also inspired by its French counterpart), nominates one of a number of candidates for the presidency.
4221:
1875:. However, the person who takes office is limited in power as the new president cannot dissolve the parliament, propose constitutional amendments or remove the cabinet from office.
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The rest of the commission is made up from five independent and neutral public figures: three to be selected by the People's Assembly and two to be selected by the Shoura Council.
5181:
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1245:, who held office from 14 October 1981 until 11 February 2011, was forced to resign following mass nationwide protests demanding his removal from office. On 10 February 2011
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Partially or entirely in Asia, depending on the definition of the Europe–Asia border. Partially or entirely in Asia, depending on the definition of the Africa–Asia border.
2901:
1921:, before retracting it following mass demonstrations from the Egyptian public. President Mubarak also resigned on 11 February 2011 during mass protests against his regime.
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third candidate, the third candidate shall participate in the second round. The candidate who receives the highest votes in the second round shall be declared president.
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Under the previous Constitution, the president served for a term of four years. The president is limited to two terms, whether the terms are successive or separated.
1594:, be born to Egyptian parents (never having dual nationality), have participated in the military or been exempted from it, and cannot be less than forty years old.
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If the president-elect is announced before the end of the incumbent president's term, the incumbent president continues in office until the end of their term.
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members of the judiciary, to monitor the various phases of the election process, under its supervision. The election process shall be completed in one day.
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1253:. Suleiman's wielding of presidential powers was a momentary formality, as the position of president of Egypt was then officially vacated, and the
4316:
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2405:
1847:
362:
1315:, who served as Defense Minister under Morsi's presidency and retained his post after Morsi's removal from office, permanently retired from the
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1933:
operates eight presidential residences in addition to other presidential guest houses. The official residence and office of the president is
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in 1962 in Favour of direct presidential elections, eliminating the role of the legislature in the election of the French president. In the
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1215:, who was elected by plebiscite in October 1970. Sadat served as president until his assassination in October 1981, and shared the
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In the case of temporary incapacitation of the president, the constitution provides the president to relinquish his powers to the
1813:
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The establishment of a presidential election commission that would enjoy complete independence to supervise the election process.
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who had participated with him in the revolution. Thereafter, the office of president remained vacant until January 1956, when
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and marked the end of British colonial rule. Though Farouk's infant son was formally declared by the revolutionaries as King
978:
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https://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/520318/Egypt/Politics-/President-Sisi-swears-in-for-third-presidential-te.aspx
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The president may resign by delivering their resignation to the People's Assembly under the 2012 and 2014 Constitutions.
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system of government adopted after the revolution were strongly influenced by the legal and political tradition of
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armed forces. The president also has the power of pardon and can exercise necessary powers in times of emergency.
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2001:
1323:, being sworn in as president on 8 June 2014. He was later re-elected to a second term in 2018 after winning the
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2265:"Egypt's Sisi wins third term as president after amending constitution | Egypt | the Guardian"
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During their tenure in office, the president is not allowed to be a formal member of a political party.
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or the endorsement of 25,000 people across 15 governorates, with at least 1,000 signatures from each.
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Election procedures are taken within sixty days before the end of the incumbent president's term.
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The following provisions regarding the election process are stipulated in Article 76 as amended:
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2027:
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1344:
1316:
1205:, which lasted from 1958 to 1971, until his sudden death in September 1970 at the age of 52.
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8:
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establishes the requirements one must meet in order to become president. They must be an
1348:
1038:
1023:
1008:
1003:
948:
913:
866:
352:
5159:
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in 1953, in periods that included short transitional periods. They began with President
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3199:
3177:
3073:
2975:
2846:
2733:
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1961:
1914:
1208:
1194:
1186:
1143:
1073:
943:
876:
717:
682:
455:
396:
105:
2342:
5599:
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4028:
3922:
3722:
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3533:
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3134:
3115:
2948:
2622:
2617:
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2531:
2514:
2399:
1934:
1634:
people, and to maintain the independence and territorial integrity of the Homeland."
1513:
Under the system created by the 1980, 2003 and 2007 constitutional amendments to the
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587:
219:
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2494:
2295:"Egypt's newly-approved constitution to be followed by tackling key political laws"
2096:
1486:
1151:
1063:
1047:
851:
809:
776:
702:
372:
327:
320:
228:
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1501:
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58:
1181:
Naguib resigned as president in November 1954, following a severe rift with the
5814:
5320:
5240:
4245:
4236:
4148:
4132:
4022:
3976:
3830:
3769:
3553:
3354:
2866:
2794:
2653:
2587:
1971:
1955:
1453:
Ensuring that multiple candidates be put forward for the people to choose from.
1234:, who was elected president by plebiscite and remained so for nearly 30 years.
1223:
1175:
1139:
1131:
958:
871:
758:
713:
381:
182:
151:
118:
2294:
1496:
to opine on its constitutionality. This establishes an important precedent in
5859:
5390:
5196:
4166:
4154:
3905:
3893:
3888:
3568:
2658:
2366:"Mubarak deputy insists president will not bow out before Egyptian elections"
1945:
1891:
1539:
1447:
1305:
1283:
1271:
1258:
1246:
1242:
1231:
901:
748:
729:
725:
674:
560:
249:
244:
133:
63:
708:
Six presidents took over the presidency of Egypt after the abolition of the
4172:
4032:
3622:
3031:
2690:
1090:
615:
1375:, the name of the National Assembly was changed to the People's Assembly.
1249:
transferred presidential powers to his recently appointed vice president,
4142:
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2782:
2772:
2565:
1918:
1887:
1531:
1523:
1212:
824:
819:
721:
413:
260:
255:
2392:"The 2012 Constitution of Egypt, Translated by Nivien Saleh, with Index"
1917:
submitted his resignation after the overwhelming Egyptian defeat in the
1301:
3100:
3058:
1965:
1684:
1190:
1127:
98:
74:
2390:
February 13, Ed O'Rourke on; Said, 2013 at 6:36 Pm (9 February 2013).
1308:, the first democratically elected and civilian president of the Egypt
5004:
3939:
3411:
2173:"Muslim Brotherhood's Morsi becomes Egypt's first civilian president"
1949:
933:
2612:
1517:, the President is the pre-eminent executive figure, who names the
1230:
between the two countries. He was succeeded by his vice president,
1171:
2229:"Egypt's Sisi wins 97 percent in election with no real opposition"
768:
1465:
first presidential elections to be held in light of the amendment
2004:, for a comprehensive list of Egyptian heads of state since 1805
1489:, equal access to the media, and guarantees of fair competition.
2644:
2602:
2449:
1492:
As required by the amendment, the law will be submitted to the
1368:
1356:
1274:, 4th President of Egypt. He was president for nearly 30 years.
834:
829:
200:
1331:
for a third term in office. He was inaugurated in April 2024.
4104:
4096:
2675:
2480:
2318:"Egypt's Parliament Moves to Extend Presidential Term Limits"
1938:
1930:
1555:
1364:
1198:
1167:
1154:, all effective executive power was vested in Naguib and the
1084:
678:
2437:
1530:
under the 2012 and 2014 Constitutions. Egypt had been under
4229:
3088:
1621:
procedures, vote counting and announcement of the results.
5189:
2247:"Egypt parliament extends presidential term to six years"
1538:
in 2011 that ousted the 30-year regime of then President
2111:"Egypt crisis: Army in pledge to end state of emergency"
1614:
Court, and the president of the Cairo Court of Appeal.
2089:
2060:
1473:
Ensuring judicial supervision over the voting process.
1378:
1367:
maintained this system even after it was abandoned by
1146:, led the Egyptian Revolution of 1952 that overthrew
32:
1446:
Election of the president of the republic by direct
1604:
1463:to put forward one of their leaders to contest the
1456:
Ensuring the credibility of the nomination process.
1286:was sworn in as President of Egypt, having won the
1628:
1442:. Principles in the amended constitution include:
5857:
2363:
2389:
1158:. On 18 June 1953, just under a year after the
5175:
4215:
4079:
2465:
2364:McGreal, Chris; Ian Black (3 February 2011).
2343:"Egyptian voters back constitutional changes"
2155:"Mohamed Morsi sworn in as Egypt's president"
1848:
1581:
1542:, the martial law was temporarily suspended.
1108:
642:
2020:
736:, who has been in office since 8 June 2014.
2404:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
681:and the de facto appointer of the official
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1855:
1841:
1264:, assumed executive control of the state.
1115:
1101:
701:, and head of the executive branch of the
649:
635:
1504:subsequent to the passage of legislation.
1426:Learn how and when to remove this message
2315:
2040:
1300:
1266:
1126:
4230:Heads of state and government of Africa
2282:
2080:
1648:2019 Egyptian constitutional referendum
1450:by citizens who have the right to vote.
1334:
5858:
2422:. St. Martin's Press, 2004. pp.268–269
1941:. Other presidential palaces include:
1924:
1508:
689:. Under the various iterations of the
5190:Heads of state and government of Asia
5163:
4203:
4067:
3498:
3309:
3132:
2973:
2492:
2453:
2316:Yeranian, Edward (14 February 2019).
1984:
1211:was succeeded by his vice president,
699:supreme commander of the Armed Forces
16:Head of state and government of Egypt
4048:
2211:"Sisi sworn in as Egypt's president"
2043:"Egypt's Sisi sworn in as president"
1637:
1382:
1319:in 2014 and then went on to win the
670:
33:
4038:
2133:"Egypt's Mubarak resigns as leader"
1577:2023 Egyptian presidential election
1550:effect after a referendum in 2014.
1440:constitutional amendments were made
1379:2005/2007 constitutional amendments
1288:2012 Egyptian presidential election
1255:Supreme Council of the Armed Forces
13:
4118:
1398:tone or style may not reflect the
734:Field Marshal Abdel Farrah el-Sisi
663:President of the Republic of Egypt
14:
5882:
3419:Role of the Egyptian Armed Forces
2429:
2041:Kingsley, Patrick (8 June 2014).
1138:The first president of Egypt was
250:Member State of the African Union
4858:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
4631:Democratic Republic of the Congo
4539:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
4312:Democratic Republic of the Congo
4095:
4047:
4037:
4027:
4018:
4017:
3276:Refugees of the Syrian civil war
2479:
2081:St John, Robert (21 June 2023).
1899:demanding reforms, he appointed
1605:Presidential Election Commission
1570:
1408:guide to writing better articles
1387:
1083:
767:
609:
254:
243:
227:
73:
57:
43:
3760:Identification card controversy
2412:
2383:
2357:
2335:
2309:
2297:. Ahram Online. 19 January 2014
2271:
2257:
2239:
2221:
2203:
2185:
2002:List of heads of state of Egypt
1723:
1629:Inauguration and oath of office
1189:was elected as president via a
724:. He was followed by President
261:Member State of the Arab League
161:
2666:Khedivate and Kingdom of Egypt
2165:
2147:
2125:
2103:
2074:
2034:
1906:
1459:Providing the opportunity for
1296:mass protests against his rule
1201:, as well as president of the
1134:, the first president of Egypt
1:
4192:: acting or interim president
2974:
2178:The Christian Science Monitor
2028:"Salary Abdel Fattah Al Sisi"
2013:
1659:
1373:Egyptian Constitution of 1971
1197:would remain as president of
1156:Revolutionary Command Council
687:Egyptian Constitution of 2014
3293:Twin towns and sister cities
3133:
2805:Assassination of Anwar Sadat
2135:. BBC News. 11 February 2011
2113:. BBC News. 11 February 2011
1494:Supreme Constitutional Court
1162:, the Council abolished the
697:, the president is also the
404:Supreme Constitutional Court
7:
3821:Vehicle registration plates
3499:
3475:Water supply and sanitation
3310:
2493:
1995:
1991:List of presidents of Egypt
1562:
1239:Egyptian Revolution of 2011
1164:monarchy of Egypt and Sudan
732:. The current president is
695:Egyptian Revolution of 1952
552:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
333:Mostafa Madbouly's ministry
10:
5887:
3480:Water resources management
2193:"Egypt's Morsi overthrown"
1988:
1980:Al-Oroba Palace, in Cairo.
1977:Al-Tahra Palace, in Cairo;
1582:Requirements and candidacy
1574:
1347:. Both the pre-revolution
1329:2023 presidential election
1325:2018 presidential election
1321:2014 presidential election
739:
5846:
5813:
5779:limited recognized states
5778:
5515:
5504:
5470:limited recognized states
5469:
5206:
5195:
4878:
4849:
4568:
4559:
4530:
4244:
4235:
4187:
4128:
4116:
4013:
3839:
3511:
3507:
3494:
3375:Impact on the environment
3365:Entrepreneurship policies
3318:
3305:
3141:
3128:
2982:
2969:
2937:
2839:
2505:
2501:
2488:
1183:younger military officers
195:
177:
167:
157:
147:
139:
129:
117:
104:
92:
70:
56:
42:
31:
30:
23:
4616:Central African Republic
4297:Central African Republic
3146:Administrative divisions
2822:2011 Egyptian revolution
2763:1952 Egyptian revolution
2559:Lighthouse of Alexandria
2008:Lists of rulers of Egypt
1599:House of Representatives
747:This article is part of
431:Administrative divisions
358:House of Representatives
5068:South African Republic
4917:Central African Empire
3350:Egyptian stock exchange
1519:Prime Minister of Egypt
1498:Egypt's legal tradition
1262:Mohamed Hussein Tantawi
1226:in 1978 for initiating
172:Vice-President of Egypt
4124:
3681:International rankings
2686:Egyptian–Ethiopian War
1534:since 1981. After the
1309:
1275:
1221:Israeli prime minister
1135:
571:Diplomatic missions of
87:since 8 June 2014
4776:São Tomé and Príncipe
4636:Republic of the Congo
4457:São Tomé and Príncipe
4317:Republic of the Congo
4123:Coat of arms of Egypt
4122:
3286:Terrorism and tourism
2744:1948 Arab–Israeli War
2576:Library of Alexandria
2420:Nasser: The Last Arab
1588:Egyptian Constitution
1345:French Fifth Republic
1341:Egyptian Constitution
1317:Egyptian Armed Forces
1304:
1278:On 30 June 2012, the
1270:
1130:
691:Constitution of Egypt
64:Presidential Standard
5755:United Arab Emirates
5446:United Arab Emirates
4941:Muhammad Ali dynasty
4179:Abdel Fattah el-Sisi
3997:World Heritage Sites
3816:Units of measurement
3271:Proposed new capital
3017:Environmental issues
2778:United Arab Republic
2671:Muhammad Ali dynasty
2083:"Gamal Abdel Nasser"
1897:substantial protests
1676:Orders of succession
1335:Old electoral system
1313:Abdel Fattah el-Sisi
1203:United Arab Republic
979:World Heritage Sites
793:Ancient Egyptian art
304:Abdel Fattah el-Sisi
83:Abdel Fattah el-Sisi
5871:Government of Egypt
5866:Presidents of Egypt
4561:Heads of government
3669:Freedom of religion
3564:Mass sexual assault
2929:Timekeeping devices
2827:2013 Rabaa massacre
2800:Egyptian–Libyan War
2267:. 19 December 2023.
2030:. 10 November 2023.
1925:Official residences
1586:Article 141 of the
1536:Egyptian revolution
1509:Presidential powers
1349:Egyptian Civil Code
1292:removed from office
703:Egyptian government
673:) is the executive
5048:Orange Free State
4138:Gamal Abdel Nasser
4125:
3859:Art (contemporary)
3539:Capital punishment
3429:Telecommunications
3106:Towns and villages
3074:Qattara Depression
2887:Muslim Brotherhood
2857:Cigarette industry
2717:British occupation
2628:Crusader invasions
2598:Rashidun Caliphate
2068:"Britain in Egypt"
1985:List of presidents
1962:Ras Al-Teen Palace
1929:The presidency in
1915:Gamal Abdel Nasser
1438:In 2005 and 2007,
1310:
1280:Muslim Brotherhood
1276:
1187:Gamal Abdel Nasser
1178:as its president.
1144:Gamal Abdel Nasser
1142:, who, along with
1136:
1069:Telecommunications
718:Gamal Abdel Nasser
683:head of government
162:Line of succession
99:His/Her Excellency
5853:
5852:
5809:
5808:
5516:UN members
5500:
5499:
5207:UN members
5157:
5156:
5001:Kingdom of Kongo
4874:
4873:
4651:Equatorial Guinea
4555:
4554:
4332:Equatorial Guinea
4197:
4196:
4061:
4060:
4009:
4008:
4005:
4004:
3933:Football stadiums
3864:Botanical gardens
3743:Catholic dioceses
3635:Gender inequality
3559:Human trafficking
3490:
3489:
3424:Tallest buildings
3385:Military industry
3301:
3300:
3242:Political parties
3195:Islamic extremism
3183:Foreign relations
3124:
3123:
2965:
2964:
2961:
2960:
2705:French occupation
2623:Fatimid Caliphate
2618:Ikhshidid dynasty
2197:www.aljazeera.com
2159:www.aljazeera.com
1935:Heliopolis Palace
1865:
1864:
1638:Term(s) of office
1547:2012 Constitution
1515:1971 Constitution
1461:political parties
1436:
1435:
1428:
1402:used on Knowledge
1400:encyclopedic tone
1353:semi-presidential
1217:Nobel Peace Prize
1125:
1124:
1034:Foreign relations
1014:Political parties
728:, then President
720:, then President
716:, then President
659:
658:
593:Visa requirements
545:Foreign relations
527:Political parties
462:Recent elections
220:Politics of Egypt
213:
212:
111:Heliopolis Palace
50:Presidential seal
26:Republic of Egypt
5878:
5513:
5512:
5204:
5203:
5184:
5177:
5170:
5161:
5160:
5082:Governor-General
4569:UN member states
4566:
4565:
4242:
4241:
4224:
4217:
4210:
4201:
4200:
4161:Muhammad Tantawi
4100:
4099:
4088:
4081:
4074:
4065:
4064:
4051:
4050:
4041:
4040:
4031:
4021:
4020:
3826:Waste management
3591:Academic grading
3509:
3508:
3496:
3495:
3468:Railway stations
3446:Cultural tourism
3345:Economic regions
3307:
3306:
3130:
3129:
2971:
2970:
2640:Mamluk Sultanate
2571:Diocese of Egypt
2554:Battle of Actium
2503:
2502:
2490:
2489:
2474:
2467:
2460:
2451:
2450:
2446:
2441:
2440:
2438:Official website
2423:
2416:
2410:
2409:
2403:
2395:
2387:
2381:
2380:
2378:
2376:
2361:
2355:
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2313:
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2255:
2254:
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2236:
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2219:
2218:
2207:
2201:
2200:
2189:
2183:
2182:
2169:
2163:
2162:
2151:
2145:
2144:
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2140:
2129:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2107:
2101:
2100:
2093:
2087:
2086:
2078:
2072:
2071:
2064:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2038:
2032:
2031:
2024:
1974:, in Alexandria;
1857:
1850:
1843:
1678:
1664:
1663:
1592:Egyptian citizen
1487:campaign funding
1431:
1424:
1420:
1417:
1411:
1410:for suggestions.
1406:See Knowledge's
1391:
1390:
1383:
1117:
1110:
1103:
1088:
1087:
1050:
990:
925:
779:
771:
761:
751:
744:
743:
672:
671:رئيس جمهورية مصر
651:
644:
637:
616:Egypt portal
614:
613:
612:
537:
536:
373:Hanafy El Gebaly
321:Mostafa Madbouly
281:
280:
263:
259:
258:
248:
247:
231:
215:
214:
209:
206:
204:
202:
191:72,000) annually
186:
77:
61:
47:
37:
36:
35:
34:رئيس جمهورية مصر
24:President of the
21:
20:
5886:
5885:
5881:
5880:
5879:
5877:
5876:
5875:
5856:
5855:
5854:
5849:
5842:
5815:Supreme leaders
5805:
5791:Northern Cyprus
5774:
5517:
5507:
5496:
5482:Northern Cyprus
5465:
5208:
5198:
5191:
5188:
5158:
5153:
5087:State President
5072:State President
5052:State President
5028:Merina Kingdom
4887:Ashanti Empire
4881:and governments
4880:
4870:
4845:
4551:
4526:
4231:
4228:
4198:
4193:
4183:
4126:
4112:
4094:
4092:
4062:
4057:
4001:
3992:Public holidays
3982:National anthem
3835:
3748:Coptic Churches
3691:Egyptian Arabic
3601:Medical schools
3503:
3486:
3402:Nuclear program
3314:
3297:
3227:Nationality law
3220:Supreme Council
3205:Law enforcement
3137:
3120:
3096:Sinai Peninsula
3079:Red Sea Riviera
2978:
2957:
2933:
2835:
2722:1919 revolution
2710:Revolt of Cairo
2635:Ayyubid dynasty
2613:Tulunid dynasty
2497:
2484:
2478:
2436:
2435:
2432:
2427:
2426:
2418:Aburish, Said.
2417:
2413:
2397:
2396:
2388:
2384:
2374:
2372:
2362:
2358:
2348:
2346:
2345:. 24 April 2019
2341:
2340:
2336:
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2314:
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2293:
2292:
2283:
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2258:
2245:
2244:
2240:
2235:. 2 April 2018.
2227:
2226:
2222:
2209:
2208:
2204:
2191:
2190:
2186:
2181:. 24 June 2012.
2171:
2170:
2166:
2153:
2152:
2148:
2138:
2136:
2131:
2130:
2126:
2116:
2114:
2109:
2108:
2104:
2099:. 24 June 2023.
2095:
2094:
2090:
2079:
2075:
2066:
2065:
2061:
2051:
2049:
2039:
2035:
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2025:
2021:
2016:
1998:
1993:
1987:
1927:
1909:
1861:
1674:
1672:
1662:
1640:
1631:
1607:
1584:
1579:
1573:
1565:
1511:
1502:judicial review
1432:
1421:
1415:
1412:
1405:
1396:This section's
1392:
1388:
1381:
1337:
1166:, and declared
1121:
1089:
1082:
1048:
1029:Law enforcement
988:
923:
777:
759:
749:
742:
667:Egyptian Arabic
655:
626:
622:Other countries
610:
608:
603:
602:
583:Nationality law
579:
567:
547:
530:
529:
521:
520:
515:
498:
485:Parliamentary:
479:
458:
448:
447:
433:
423:
422:
399:
389:
388:
348:
340:
339:
289:
274:
273:
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242:
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222:
199:
181:
124:
88:
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81:
78:
66:
52:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5884:
5874:
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5868:
5851:
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5841:
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5810:
5807:
5806:
5804:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5788:
5782:
5780:
5776:
5775:
5773:
5772:
5767:
5762:
5757:
5752:
5747:
5742:
5737:
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5727:
5722:
5717:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5697:
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5672:
5667:
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5443:
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5179:
5172:
5164:
5155:
5154:
5152:
5151:
5150:
5149:
5141:
5140:
5139:
5137:Prime Minister
5131:
5130:
5129:
5127:Prime Minister
5121:
5120:
5119:
5117:Prime Minister
5114:
5106:
5105:
5104:
5096:
5095:
5094:
5092:Prime Minister
5089:
5084:
5076:
5075:
5074:
5066:
5065:
5064:
5056:
5055:
5054:
5046:
5045:
5044:
5042:Prime Minister
5036:
5035:
5034:
5026:
5025:
5024:
5022:Prime Minister
5016:
5015:
5014:
5013:
5012:
4999:
4998:
4997:
4995:Prime Minister
4989:
4988:
4987:
4985:Prime Minister
4979:
4978:
4977:
4975:Prime Minister
4969:
4968:
4967:
4966:
4965:
4952:
4951:
4950:
4949:
4948:
4935:
4934:
4933:
4925:
4924:
4923:
4915:
4914:
4913:
4905:
4904:
4903:
4901:Prime Minister
4895:
4894:
4893:
4884:
4882:
4879:Defunct states
4876:
4875:
4872:
4871:
4869:
4868:
4861:
4853:
4851:
4847:
4846:
4844:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4813:
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4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
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4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
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4608:
4603:
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4509:
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4479:
4474:
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4464:
4459:
4454:
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4439:
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4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4253:
4251:
4239:
4237:Heads of state
4233:
4232:
4227:
4226:
4219:
4212:
4204:
4195:
4194:
4188:
4185:
4184:
4182:
4181:
4176:
4169:
4164:
4157:
4152:
4149:Sufi Abu Taleb
4145:
4140:
4135:
4133:Mohamed Naguib
4129:
4127:
4117:
4114:
4113:
4091:
4090:
4083:
4076:
4068:
4059:
4058:
4056:
4055:
4045:
4035:
4025:
4014:
4011:
4010:
4007:
4006:
4003:
4002:
4000:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3968:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3942:
3937:
3936:
3935:
3930:
3928:Football clubs
3920:
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3918:
3913:
3903:
3898:
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3881:
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3818:
3813:
3808:
3807:
3806:
3801:
3800:
3799:
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3787:
3782:
3777:
3767:
3762:
3757:
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3735:
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3720:
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3710:
3705:
3704:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3683:
3678:
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3676:
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3661:
3656:
3655:
3654:
3649:
3639:
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3627:
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3615:
3614:
3613:
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3598:
3593:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3572:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3524:Animal welfare
3521:
3515:
3513:
3505:
3504:
3492:
3491:
3488:
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2217:. 8 June 2014.
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2070:. 10 May 2019.
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2018:
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1989:Main article:
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1176:Mohamed Naguib
1140:Mohamed Naguib
1132:Mohamed Naguib
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4691:Guinea-Bissau
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4398:
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4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4372:Guinea-Bissau
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
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4343:
4340:
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4308:
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4300:
4298:
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4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4254:
4252:
4250:
4249:member states
4247:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4234:
4225:
4220:
4218:
4213:
4211:
4206:
4205:
4202:
4191:
4186:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4174:
4170:
4168:
4167:Mohamed Morsi
4165:
4163:
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4158:
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4155:Hosni Mubarak
4153:
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4102:Presidents of
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3733:Blasphemy law
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3701:Sign Language
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3696:Saʽidi Arabic
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3358:
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3333:National Bank
3331:
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5750:Turkmenistan
5710:Saudi Arabia
5441:Turkmenistan
5401:Saudi Arabia
5270:
4863:
4856:
4850:Other states
4801:South Africa
4791:Sierra Leone
4596:Burkina Faso
4544:
4537:
4531:Other states
4482:South Africa
4472:Sierra Leone
4326:
4277:Burkina Faso
4189:
4173:Adly Mansour
4171:
4159:
4147:
4101:
3879:Coat of arms
3849:Architecture
3738:Christianity
3718:Prostitution
3664:Human rights
3623:Abaza family
3611:Universities
3576:Demographics
3529:Billionaires
3246:
3173:Constitution
3168:Conscription
3151:Governorates
3032:Halfaya Pass
2902:1954–present
2862:Constitution
2817:2010s Crisis
2729:World War II
2691:Urabi revolt
2608:Islamization
2542:31st Dynasty
2537:27th Dynasty
2419:
2414:
2385:
2373:. Retrieved
2370:The Guardian
2369:
2359:
2349:21 September
2347:. Retrieved
2337:
2325:. Retrieved
2321:
2311:
2299:. Retrieved
2273:
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2137:. Retrieved
2127:
2115:. Retrieved
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2050:. Retrieved
2047:the Guardian
2046:
2036:
2022:
1928:
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1282:-affiliated
1277:
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1091:Egypt portal
998:
964:Human rights
949:Demographics
798:Contemporary
788:Architecture
707:
662:
660:
504:Referendum:
492:
443:Subdivisions
438:Governorates
293:
271:Constitution
240:
148:First holder
143:18 June 1953
18:
5838:North Korea
5823:Afghanistan
5725:South Korea
5695:Philippines
5675:North Korea
5525:Afghanistan
5416:South Korea
5386:Philippines
5366:North Korea
5216:Afghanistan
4971:The Gambia
4806:South Sudan
4696:Ivory Coast
4487:South Sudan
4377:Ivory Coast
4143:Anwar Sadat
4043:WikiProject
3804:Scientology
3674:LGBT rights
3596:Law schools
3380:Lighthouses
3323:Agriculture
3052:Mount Sinai
3012:Earthquakes
2812:Mubarak era
2783:Six-Day War
2773:Suez Crisis
2768:Land reform
2515:Prehistoric
2139:11 February
2117:11 February
1958:, in Cairo;
1919:Six-Day War
1907:Resignation
1888:Anwar Sadat
1789:Philippines
1769:South Korea
1532:martial law
1524:martial law
1228:peace talks
1213:Anwar Sadat
1160:coup d'état
1148:King Farouk
825:Raqs sharqi
820:Belly dance
722:Anwar Sadat
598:Visa policy
414:Saeed Marie
347:Legislature
203:.presidency
119:Term length
5860:Categories
5760:Uzbekistan
5735:Tajikistan
5635:Kyrgyzstan
5625:Kazakhstan
5575:East Timor
5545:Bangladesh
5535:Azerbaijan
5508:government
5451:Uzbekistan
5426:Tajikistan
5326:Kyrgyzstan
5316:Kazakhstan
5266:East Timor
5236:Bangladesh
5226:Azerbaijan
4865:Somaliland
4786:Seychelles
4751:Mozambique
4736:Mauritania
4721:Madagascar
4676:The Gambia
4611:Cape Verde
4546:Somaliland
4467:Seychelles
4432:Mozambique
4417:Mauritania
4402:Madagascar
4357:The Gambia
4292:Cape Verde
3955:Newspapers
3945:Mass media
3797:Synagogues
3765:Irreligion
3713:Literature
3708:Liberalism
3647:Healthcare
3549:Corruption
3232:Parliament
3163:Corruption
3158:Civil Code
3101:Suez Canal
3059:Nile Delta
2944:Alexandria
2914:Population
2909:Parliament
2877:Healthcare
2758:Nasser era
2532:Achaemenid
2507:Chronology
2301:19 January
2014:References
1966:Alexandria
1660:Succession
1351:, and the
1294:following
1191:plebiscite
1024:Corruption
1009:Parliament
1004:Government
999:Presidency
914:Television
867:Literature
685:under the
409:Chancellor
353:Parliament
288:Government
158:Succession
5720:Sri Lanka
5715:Singapore
5690:Palestine
5595:Indonesia
5411:Sri Lanka
5406:Singapore
5381:Palestine
5286:Indonesia
5133:Zimbabwe
5108:Zanzibar
4954:Ethiopia
4741:Mauritius
4422:Mauritius
3950:Magazines
3940:Egyptians
3775:Ahmadiyya
3686:Languages
3652:Hospitals
3586:Education
3453:Transport
3412:Aswan Dam
3340:Companies
3281:Terrorism
3247:President
3210:Massacres
3200:Judiciary
3178:Elections
3047:Mountains
2976:Geography
2954:Port Said
2897:1939–1954
2892:1928–1938
2847:Anarchism
2790:Sadat era
2734:Sultanate
2681:Khedivate
2581:Christian
2549:Ptolemaic
2375:28 August
2215:France 24
1950:Old Cairo
1809:Sri Lanka
1749:Indonesia
1694:Argentina
1257:, led by
944:Education
887:Sculpture
877:Mythology
456:Elections
397:Judiciary
294:President
187:(approx.
185:2,224,548
140:Formation
130:Precursor
123:Six years
106:Residence
80:Incumbent
5786:Abkhazia
5740:Thailand
5685:Pakistan
5660:Mongolia
5655:Maldives
5650:Malaysia
5560:Cambodia
5506:Heads of
5477:Abkhazia
5431:Thailand
5376:Pakistan
5351:Mongolia
5346:Maldives
5341:Malaysia
5251:Cambodia
5199:of state
5098:Tunisia
5038:Nigeria
4927:Dahomey
4907:Burundi
4841:Zimbabwe
4816:Tanzania
4666:Ethiopia
4661:Eswatini
4641:Djibouti
4606:Cameroon
4591:Botswana
4522:Zimbabwe
4497:Tanzania
4347:Ethiopia
4342:Eswatini
4322:Djibouti
4287:Cameroon
4272:Botswana
4023:Category
3987:Olympics
3923:Football
3755:Hinduism
3723:Religion
3630:Feminism
3618:Families
3581:Diaspora
3544:Censuses
3534:Cannabis
3519:Abortion
3463:Airports
3458:Airlines
3434:Internet
3237:Passport
3215:Military
3188:Missions
3135:Politics
3116:Wildlife
2840:By topic
2753:Republic
2588:Sassanid
2400:cite web
2322:VOA News
1996:See also
1799:Portugal
1779:Pakistan
1719:DR Congo
1709:Colombia
1669:a series
1667:Part of
1563:Election
1172:republic
1019:Military
989:Politics
974:Wildlife
969:Religion
939:Identity
862:Language
857:Holidays
750:a series
710:monarchy
588:Passport
575:in Egypt
557:Minister
5765:Vietnam
5665:Myanmar
5645:Lebanon
5585:Georgia
5540:Bahrain
5530:Armenia
5456:Vietnam
5356:Myanmar
5336:Lebanon
5276:Georgia
5231:Bahrain
5221:Armenia
5123:Zambia
5058:Rwanda
5032:Monarch
5018:Malawi
5005:Monarch
4958:Emperor
4946:Monarch
4921:Emperor
4891:Monarch
4826:Tunisia
4796:Somalia
4781:Senegal
4766:Nigeria
4756:Namibia
4746:Morocco
4711:Liberia
4706:Lesotho
4656:Eritrea
4626:Comoros
4601:Burundi
4576:Algeria
4507:Tunisia
4477:Somalia
4462:Senegal
4447:Nigeria
4437:Namibia
4427:Morocco
4392:Liberia
4387:Lesotho
4337:Eritrea
4307:Comoros
4282:Burundi
4257:Algeria
4053:Commons
3972:Museums
3916:regions
3884:Cuisine
3869:Castles
3841:Culture
3811:Smoking
3792:Judaism
3780:Mosques
3659:Housing
3606:Schools
3512:General
3501:Society
3441:Tourism
3370:Fishing
3328:Banking
3312:Economy
3037:Islands
3027:Geology
3022:Fossils
3007:Deserts
3002:Climate
2992:Borders
2938:By city
2924:Saladin
2872:Genetic
2852:Capital
2739:Kingdom
2654:Ottoman
2520:Ancient
2495:History
2233:Reuters
1871:or the
1829:Vietnam
1824:Uruguay
1804:Romania
1764:Ireland
1739:Germany
1729:Finland
1699:Austria
1247:Mubarak
1243:Mubarak
1237:In the
1174:, with
1152:Fuad II
1064:Tourism
1049:Economy
924:Society
897:Symbols
852:History
847:Fashion
840:Tanoura
810:Cuisine
778:Culture
740:History
363:Speaker
328:Cabinet
277:history
196:Website
38:
5801:Taiwan
5745:Turkey
5705:Russia
5630:Kuwait
5620:Jordan
5610:Israel
5570:Cyprus
5555:Brunei
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