Roads in the United Kingdom

543: 513: 61: 1071: 936: 1442: 1833: 1317: 3769:, para 30: "Distasteful though we find the whole idea, we think that some deliberate limitation of the volume of motor traffic is quite unavoidable. The need for it just can't be escaped. Even when everything that it is possibly to do by way of building new roads and expanding public transport has been done, there would still be, in the absence of deliberate limitation, more cars trying to move into, or within our cities than could possibly be accommodated." 3757:, para 22: "The American policy of providing motorways for commuters can succeed, even in American conditions, only if there is a disregard for all considerations other than the free flow of traffic which seems sometimes to be almost ruthless. Our British cities are not only packed with buildings, they are also packed with history and to drive motorways through them on the American scale would inevitably destroy much that ought to be preserved. 254: 290: 278: 266: 3781:: Introduction para 31: "It is a difficult and dangerous thing, in a democracy, to try to prevent a substantial part of the population from doing things that they do not regard as wrong; black markets and corruption are the invariable fruit of such attempts to prohibition. Even if this overriding objection could be removed, there would still be severe difficulties in pushing any of the particular methods very far" 577:. Signs may be of an informative, warning or instructional nature. Instructional signs are generally circular, warnings are triangular and informative signs are rectangular or square. Motorway informative signs use white text on a blue background, primary routes are indicated by green directional and distance signs with yellow text, whilst secondary roads use black text on a white background. 1724:. While it advocated the construction and reorganisation of towns to accommodate the motor car and lorry, it stressed that this would have to be balanced with restrictions, in accordance with local needs. It highlighted the urgency of the problem of dealing with the expected massive growth in road traffic, the damage it could cause to our towns and cities if unplanned, the eventual need for 1507:. The statutory process included the appointment of enclosure commissioners. Commissioners were given authorisation to replace old roads and country lanes with new roads that were wider and straighter than those they replaced. Straight roads of early origin, if not Roman were probably enclosure roads. They were established in the period between 1750 and 1850. 3745:, "It is impossible to spend any time on the study of the future of traffic in towns without at once being appalled by the magnitude of the emergency that is coming upon us. We are nourishing at immense cost a monster of great potential destructiveness, and yet we love him dearly. To refuse to accept the challenge it presents would be an act of defeatism." 1046:(officially 'The Prince of Wales Bridge') included tolls. However, after being closed for toll removal for three days, the bridge opened up again on 17 December starting with a formal ceremony. Toll payment was scrapped and it marked history as it is believed to be the first time in 400 years that the crossing will be free. 1151:. This rural single carriageway saw an 88 per cent drop in the number of fatal or serious collisions in the last six years, taking it from a medium risk road to one of the safest. According to the Foundation, this has been achieved by introducing traffic lights, speed limit reductions and village pedestrian facilities. 1619:

to improve roads, particularly where labour was recruited from areas of high unemployment and adjoining areas, and men with dependants. Two unemployment relief programmes were run, the first from 1920 to 1925 and the second from 1929 to 1930. Government grants were limited to trunk roads and bridges,

1569:

companies responsible for the maintenance of the shared surface of the tramway and several feet either side, as a condition of being granted a licence. This was a popular move as maintenance was removed from the public purse. The local authority could also purchase the whole line at a later date at a

302:

Numbered roads in the UK are signed as M (Motorway), A, or B roads (legal "classification" varies between countries), as well as various categories of more minor roads: for internal purposes, local authorities may also use C, D and U (the letter standing for "Unclassified"); use of C and U numbers on

1119:

between Macclesfield and Buxton was named as Britain's most dangerous road. The single-carriageway road has been the scene of 43 fatal or serious collisions since 2001, nearly three-quarters of them involving motorcyclists. When collisions involving motorcyclists are removed from the analysis, the

527:

are commonly used on long-distance routes throughout the country alongside primary destinations. They are displayed on signs in capitals to distinguish them from towns and cities. The boundaries of these regional destinations are not specifically defined and apply to generalised areas. The regions

1731:

In 1966, a revision of design standards was proposed which would, it was stated, save "acres of land" and £22,000 per mile in construction costs. The revision involved reducing from 10 ft (3.0 m) to 5 ft (1.5 m) the width of roadside grass verges on newly constructed "rural"

1534:. Following several attempts at reform, detrunking began in the 1860s with the last trust ending in 1885. The protests prompted several reforms, including a royal commission into the question of toll roads. The growing popularity of cycling also prompted calls for road improvements, with the 1289:

The primary function of Roman roads was to allow the rapid movement of troops and military supplies, but it also provided vital infrastructure for trade and the transport of goods. The roads were paved, a first for the island, and could carry heavy goods in all weathers. Following the Roman

621:. With a few exceptions, they are in multiples of 10, ranging from 20 miles per hour (32 km/h) to 70 miles per hour (113 km/h). Unless a lower speed limit is posted on a road, the national speed limit applies, which varies between class of vehicles and the type of road. In a 4310: 228:

metres (though the units are not given). These repeat the information given on the co-sited surveyors' marker post which, since the 1960s, have reported distances on such roads in kilometres from a datum—usually the start of the road, or the planned start-point of the road.

1953:

In 2002, the government proposed a new major road building program with 360 miles (580 km) of the strategic road network to be widened, 80 major new trunk road schemes to improve safety and 100 new bypasses on trunk and local roads. The protesters reformed.

127:

In the UK, road safety policy is part of transport policy. "Transport 2010; The 10 Year Plan" states that the basic principle is that "people travel safely and feel secure whether they are on foot or bicycle, in a car, on a train, or bus, at sea or on a plane".

3793:, para 68: "Indeed it can be said in advance that the measures required to deal with the full potential amount of motor traffic in big cities are so formidable that society will have to ask itself seriously how far it is prepared to go with the motor vehicle." 111:

Although some roads have much older origins, the network was heavily developed from the 1950s to the mid-1990s to meet the demands of modern traffic. Construction of roads has become increasingly problematic with various opposition groups such as

385:

and large towns, to which, as a result of their size, a high volume of traffic is expected to go. However, in rural areas, smaller towns or villages may be given primary status if located at junctions of significant roads: for example,

1912:

old department" in an article titled "Head-on collision over transport: The British government has received its sternest warning yet that its unflagging support for the car is seriously at odds with its own green principles".

339:. There is no available explanation for the allocation of road numbers in Northern Ireland. The majority of the major inter-urban routes are motorways, and are designed to carry long-distance traffic. The next category is the 1945:

In 1998, it was proposed to transfer parts of the English trunk road network to local councils, retaining central control for the network connecting major population centres, ports, airports, key cross-border links and the

136:

The UK has a road network totalling about 262,300 miles (422,100 km) of paved roads—246,500 miles (396,700 km) in Great Britain (England, Scotland and Wales) and 15,800 miles (25,500 km) in Northern Ireland.

1624:

were built by 1935, about half of what was originally planned at the start of the programmes. In 1930, responsibility for all roads was vested in the county councils. The first inter-urban new road built in the UK was the

181:

travel. Scotland has 2,174 miles (3,499 km) (about 7% of the total roads in Scotland), accounting for 35% of all road journeys and over 50% of lorry movements. Wales has 1,000 miles (1,600 km) of trunk roads. In

3981: 1968:

was introduced to parliament which would speed up the process of approving new roads and other transport infrastructure but which has raised concerns that it may erode democracy and be a "developer's charter".

1882:

The Standing Advisory Committee on Trunk Road Assessment had also concluded in 1994 that building new roads simply generated more traffic, and was therefore largely self-defeating. By 1994, following the

1111:

In June 2008, the Road Safety Foundation reported that 30 per cent of the primary route network in Great Britain failed to rate as safe, and a quarter of all motorways were outside the safest risk band.

970:. Since 1910, the proceeds of road vehicle excise duties were dedicated to fund the building and maintenance of the road system. From 1920 to 1937, most roads in the United Kingdom were funded from the 1769: 4335: 3577: 1728:

but with implications of restricting the mass of the population from doing something they didn't see as wrong, and of the inevitable need for a change in policy as the social costs increased.

2290: 1608:

created a classification system for the important routes connecting large population centres or for through traffic, with the definitive list being published in 1922/3 and revised in 1926/7.

1887:, a significant number of remaining schemes were cancelled, although the government still intended to continue with others using private financing. The Secretary for state for transport, Dr 4471: 4311:"Head-on collision over transport: The British government has received its sternest warning yet that its unflagging support for the car is seriously at odds with its own green principles" 1175:

The earliest evidence of engineered roads dates back to the 1st century BC. A metalled and cambered road, 1.5 metres high and six metres wide, was unearthed at Bayston Hill quarry, near

1829:, whereby the government predicted the required capacity in forthcoming years and built roads to match. From 1985 to 1995, the road network expanded by 24,000 miles (38,624 km). 1492:

In the second half of the 18th century, turnpike trusts became numerous, with trusts also set up in Wales and lowland Scotland. This expansion was facilitated by the ability to use

528:

are: Mid Wales, North Wales, Scotland, South Wales, The East, The Lakes, The Dales, The Midlands, The North, The North East, The North West, The South, The South West and The West.

2381: 1871:

saw some of the largest protests against a road in the UK. Proposed originally in the 1980s, the bypass was subject to strong support and opposition. Also in this time frame, the

84:

and from the 17th century onwards. Whilst control has been transferred between local and central bodies, current management and development of the road network is shared between

2682: 5216: 373: 1461:. Road rates were introduced in England and Wales in the 17th century. The first turnpike road, whereby travellers paid tolls to be used for road upkeep, was authorised by the 4847:

Ishaque, Muhammad M., and Robert B. Noland. "Making roads safe for pedestrians or keeping them out of the way? An historical perspective on pedestrian policies in Britain."

569:

The signage system currently in use was developed in the late 1950s and the early 1960s by the Anderson Committee, which established the motorway signing system, and by the

5575: 3851:...the construction industry was commissioned, in sequences of contracts spread over the years, to build 1,000 miles (1,600 km) of new motorway and duly so by 1972... 1891:

launched a "Great Debate" about the future direction for transport in the UK and the required level of road building stating that the road network was "broadly complete".

1546:

in October 1886; this focused on producing technical literature distributed to highways boards and surveyors to promote improved construction and maintenance methods. The

3989: 3033: 1154:

Research undertaken in July 2008 has shown that investment in a safe road infrastructure programme could yield a one-third reduction in road deaths, saving as much as £6

5542: 1743:

billion of new urban trunk roads outside London in order to "alleviate traffic congestion", complemented by parking controls, traffic management and public transport.

562:

whilst height and width restrictions are required to be shown in feet and inches (though the metric measurements may optionally also appear). In September 2007 the

5547: 5399: 4011: 4805: 3676: 1640:. During the 1930s, both the Institution of Highway Engineers and The County Surveyors' Society had published plans for a network of high-speed roads, whilst the 625:(usually indicated by street lights), unless signs indicate otherwise, a limit of 30 miles per hour (48 km/h) applies. Other limits are shown in the table. 5552: 5176: 5171: 5166: 5161: 5156: 5151: 5146: 5141: 5136: 5115: 5110: 5105: 5100: 5095: 5090: 5085: 5080: 5075: 4936: 4546: 1449:

in Cumbria. The roads were made as straight as possible, and the boundaries much wider than a cart width to reduce the ground damage of driving sheep and cattle.

2895: 5469: 4852: 3209: 4689: 3603: 3451: 1768:

Work on planning motorways in Northern Ireland had begun before the Second World War, but the legal authority for motorways was not provided for until the

1351:

to supplement the use of rivers as a system of transportation. Many of these roadways were developed as a result of trading of goods and services, such as

2148: 5600: 5585: 5532: 2489: 1462: 410:

is not even a village—merely a hotel and a few other buildings—yet has the status of a primary destination due to its location at the interchange of the

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Rosevear, Alan, Dan Bogart, and Leigh Shaw-Taylor. "Government, trusts, and the making of better roads in early nineteenth century England and Wales."

1867:

protests against a major road in the country. Building work was delayed considerably, and anti-roads protesters gained large amounts of publicity. The

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signs is unusual but examples can be found in all four countries in the UK. Each road is given a number which is combined with the prefix, for example

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and required to keep to the left except when overtaking, turning right or passing pedestrians, parked vehicles and other obstructions in the road. In

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in 1962, though did so under temporary powers until the Special Roads Act had been passed. Work on the motorways continued until the 1970s, when the

3353: 2294: 2220: 1909: 574: 3064: 1934:

After the election of the Labour government in 1997, most remaining road schemes were cancelled and problem areas of the road network subject to

1732:

motorways, and removing 1-foot (0.30 m) of the width of the "marginal strips" that separated each carriageway from the central reservation.

4994: 434:

have been designated as primary destinations. Conversely, some towns with a population of over 50,000 are not primary destinations, including

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with South Wales, the Midlands and London in capitals, although London is a not a regional destination, therefore should not be in capitals

3723: 3100: 3047: 2017:

in which transport planning aims to achieve a desired level of road use rather than unconstrained growth as before, also aiming to secure

1821:

and predicted an increase of road traffic of 142% by 2025. It would have involved the doubling of the trunk road capacity with around 150

5201: 1899: 4107: 1667:

During World War II, government plans were drawn up to create a new network of high-speed routes across the country. The passing of the

4914: 4242: 2690: 1902:", was published in October 1994 to highlight the serious environmental consequences of UK's transport system in response to which the 1604:. As road traffic began to grow, the condition of the road network became an issue, with most of it in a poor state of repair. The new 4872: 4815: 3923: 2094: 5249: 4825: 3268: 1929: 1884: 41:(mph) or by the use of the national speed limit (NSL) symbol. Some vehicle categories have various lower maximum limits enforced by 5695: 4479: 2656: 1749:

Roads outside urban areas continued to be built throughout the 1970s, but the urban routes soon ran into opposition. Plans by the

316: 5211: 5023: 4941: 2060: 1793: 1579: 1102: 930: 614: 590: 34: 5803: 5748: 1106: 4714: 4441: 4076: 4052: 3900: 3509: 3434: 2268: 1939: 4663: 4037: 1746:

The first 1,000 miles (1,600 km) of motorway had been built by 1972, followed by more motorways opened into the 1980s.

1496:

to fund the work. By 1821 there were 18,000 miles (29,000 km) of turnpike roads in England, with 1,000 trusts by 1845.

7039: 5633: 5060: 3409: 2385: 353:(b) in any other case after consultation with the traffic authority for the road comprised in the route is of the opinion, 166: 4946: 573:, which reformed signing for existing all-purpose (non-motorway) roads. It was introduced in 1965 and is governed by the 5181: 5120: 5018: 4163: 1503:

land had been happening since medieval times. During the 17th century a practice developed of obtaining authorisation by

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Matthijs Koornstra; David Lynam; Göran Nilsson; Piet Noordzij; Hans-Erik Pettersson; Fred Wegman; Peter Wouters (2002).

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was completed. In 1989, it announced a large-scale roads programme (stated to be the largest since the Romans) in the

1660:

proposed a new scheme for a motorway and it was agreed to go ahead. This was, however, postponed due to the start of

4370: 4290: 3844: 3557: 3384: 3312: 3193: 2132: 1879:. Costs increased rapidly, the Newbury bypass being 50% over budget and many other schemes showed increases of 100%. 1671:

gave the government legal powers to build roads that were not automatically rights of way for certain types of user.

1466: 608: 382: 191: 7013: 5377: 5038: 4501: 2122:

SUNflower: A comparative study of the development of road safety in Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands

1983:

with construction to start in September 2015 and to finish in 2035. Another plan is underway to do the same to the

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Whilst generally they are trunk roads, some motorways are the responsibility of local authorities, for example the

105: 3955: 1328: 6143: 6108: 5307: 4911:

The Life of Thomas Telford, Civil Engineer: With an Introductory History of Roads and Travelling in Great Britain

3217: 3129: 2072: 2055: 1958: 121: 4780:"Oxfordshire County Council Approve Implementing 'Decide & Provide': Requirements for Transport Assessments" 3632: 3607: 3004:

Legislation to remove the fee was given royal assent last month. It means Scotland now has no chargeable roads.

1920:

in Northern Ireland) opened in 1994. In 1996 the total length of motorways reached 2,000 miles (3,200 km).

7018: 6133: 6118: 5733: 2797: 1957:

In 2004, the Government announced in the Queen's speech a major new funding source from transport schemes, the

1917: 1773: 1523: 1012:, which is one of the most heavily used roads in the country. There were two public toll roads (Roydon Road in 512: 4837:

Fuller, G. Joan. "The Development of Roads in the Surrey. Sussex Weald and Coastlands between 1700 and 1900."

4650: 2839: 347:...a route, not being a route comprising any part of a motorway, in respect of which the Secretary of State — 6995: 6985: 6222: 6113: 5758: 5242: 5048: 5033: 5028: 4980: 4951: 3107: 3071: 2038: 1721: 1543: 1519: 1159: 586: 210:

is responsible for all 5,592 miles (8,999 km) roads. The pan-UK total is 15,260 miles (24,560 km).

542: 465:. The concept of primary roads was introduced in the 1960s as part of a national reclassification of roads. 60: 6990: 6804: 6329: 6192: 6148: 4956: 4862: 3658: 3015: 2873: 2002:, who had previously been banned from driving on motorways, were allowed to use them when accompanied by a 1965: 622: 555: 170: 17: 5708: 4779: 6711: 6601: 5327: 4523: 2363:

The Portsmouth City Council (M275 Northbound Motorway Slip Road) Scheme 1996 Confirmation Instrument 1997

1947: 1852: 1837: 1539: 1436: 2224: 5889: 5352: 4595: 2712: 2630: 2604: 2026: 502: 494: 490: 478: 3075: 7000: 6819: 5675: 2246: 2065: 1657: 1547: 482: 356:

that it provides the most satisfactory route for through traffic between places of traffic importance

177:. England's 4,300 miles (6,920 km) of trunk roads account for 33% of all road travel and 50% of 6647: 4822:

The online historical atlas of transport, urbanization and economic development in England and Wales

4633: 4620: 1802:

from 1979 adopted a pro-roads policy. During this period, numerous road upgrades were built and the

6980: 6706: 6701: 6676: 5793: 5713: 5626: 5590: 5439: 5434: 5235: 4882: 3697: 3246: 1856: 1709: 1605: 1486: 1032: 1028: 450: 2752: 2449: 1692: 1144: 411: 324: 4894: 1162:, which is calling on the UK Government to make safe road design a national transport priority. 33:

totalling about 262,300 miles (422,100 km). Road distances are shown in miles or yards and

6913: 6880: 6217: 6187: 6128: 6093: 5768: 3727: 3044: 2010:

in the United Kingdom, these measures were put in place in an effort to teach motorway safety.

1818: 1750: 1668: 1243: 1200: 1043: 982:. Since 1937, roads have been funded from general taxation with all motoring duties, including 498: 486: 224:

have appeared on motorways and major A roads in England, situated generally at intervals of 500

4268: 2338: 2199: 1972:

Traffic has increased by 80% between 1980 and 2005 whilst road capacity has increased by 10%.

6875: 6596: 6212: 6103: 5703: 4115: 1872: 1478: 1228: 967: 506: 474: 221: 4246: 1908:

commented "Rarely, if ever, can a ministry have emerged so badly from an official report as

1481:

through a Turnpike Act in 1706. Scotland continued to maintain its own Parliament until the

149:

and non-trunk routes. Trunk roads, which are the most important roads, are administered by

6918: 6616: 6339: 6237: 6123: 5723: 5499: 3930: 2098: 1807: 1637: 1527: 975: 328: 187: 4572: 3157: 566:

ruled that the United Kingdom would never be required by them to convert signs to metric.

360:

A new standard was set in April 2015 to formally designate certain high-quality routes as

8: 6870: 6744: 6463: 6419: 6307: 6159: 6098: 5854: 5839: 5834: 5728: 5662: 5619: 5429: 5409: 5389: 5292: 5043: 4243:"PRIVATE FINANCE THE "CENTREPIECE" OF REVISED NATIONAL ROAD PROGRAMME - SIR GEORGE YOUNG" 3276: 2410: 2043: 1999: 1984: 1980: 1593: 1550:

created borough and county councils with responsibility for maintaining the major roads.

1408: 1116: 1000:

Tolls or congestion charges are used for some major bridges and tunnels, for example the

979: 895: 563: 458: 364:, but whether this will result in any existing road classifications changing is unclear. 3863: 3402:

Transforming Fell and Valley Landscape and Parliamentary Enclosure in North West England

1084:

Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

1008:, originally the Birmingham Northern Relief Road, is designed to relieve the M6 through 6774: 6588: 6573: 6384: 6319: 6242: 6227: 6172: 6076: 6010: 6000: 5971: 5908: 5778: 5743: 5580: 5404: 3805: 2660: 2119: 2003: 1976: 1765:

in London were also hit by determined opposition over a 20-year period from the 1970s.

1758: 1482: 332: 158: 4812:

The Secret History of the Roman Roads of Britain: And their Impact on Military History

4765: 2921: 2501: 1518:

took place, in Wales, between 1839 and 1843. The riots ceased after some ringleaders,

6834: 6637: 6568: 6518: 6257: 6138: 5976: 5948: 5933: 5918: 5788: 5783: 5773: 5484: 5479: 5454: 5312: 4366: 4048: 3896: 3840: 3553: 3505: 3430: 3405: 3380: 3308: 3189: 2973: 2186: 2128: 1636:, the Ministry of Transport took direct control of the core road network through the 1558: 1458: 1283: 1267: 1050: 1001: 596: 570: 454: 199: 150: 101: 85: 4415: 4389: 4216: 3065:"Getting Ahead: Returning Britain to European leadership in road casualty reduction" 1278:

was constructed on the northern boundary. However, the Roman legions withdrew in 164

1158:

billion per year. A consortium of 13 major road safety stakeholders have formed the

6691: 6666: 6453: 6369: 6364: 6279: 6082: 6037: 5879: 5685: 5680: 5509: 5459: 5419: 5372: 5367: 5357: 5342: 5337: 5332: 5317: 5302: 5297: 5287: 5282: 5277: 5272: 3741: 3331: 2316: 1895: 1704: 1562: 1554: 1303: 1013: 958:, roads have been funded from taxation. Two new vehicle duties were introduced—the 462: 407: 203: 117: 104:

in England. Certain aspects of the legal framework remain under the control of the

97: 73: 54: 4449: 4084: 3474: 2987: 6928: 6888: 6799: 6789: 6759: 6749: 6734: 6696: 6652: 6478: 6468: 6399: 6015: 5718: 5595: 5537: 5504: 5494: 5474: 5464: 5449: 5444: 5394: 5362: 5347: 5322: 5258: 3051: 3022: 2469: 1888: 1777: 1754: 1601: 1583: 1054: 913: 768: 738: 343:

network, formed from parts of the A-road network. A primary route is defined as:

2359: 1938:

studies to investigate non-road alternatives, following the introduction of the

1875:

saw protracted disturbance during the upgrading of a section of the A12 through

190:

is responsible for all trunk roads and other major roads, which are part of the

6898: 6860: 6829: 6809: 6794: 6606: 6488: 6030: 5958: 5829: 5824: 5763: 5753: 5645: 5489: 5414: 5384: 4502:"Select Committee on Transport, Local Government and the Regions Eighth Report" 2582: 2006:

in a car with dual controls. As motorway driving is not offered as part of the

1868: 1814: 1717: 1680: 1616: 1589: 1504: 1474: 1432: 1420: 1233: 955: 708: 618: 559: 554:

norms, though a number of signs are unique to Britain and direction signs omit

195: 38: 4972: 2795: 935: 7033: 6908: 6865: 6814: 6754: 6719: 6686: 6553: 6503: 6493: 6394: 6324: 6314: 6207: 6177: 6066: 6025: 5943: 5819: 5653: 2947: 1904: 1864: 1822: 1645: 1633: 1621: 1600:

on road vehicles and from the sale of licences for horse-drawn carriages and

1515: 1470: 1412: 1275: 1148: 600: 439: 403: 214: 113: 77: 72:

The earliest specifically engineered roads were built during the prehistoric

50: 42: 4189: 2556: 2530: 1847:

This road building programme continued into the start of the premiership of

80:. Some of these roads still remain to this day. New roads were added in the 6933: 6923: 6824: 6779: 6739: 6729: 6724: 6681: 6563: 6558: 6483: 6409: 6379: 6271: 6252: 6182: 6020: 5928: 5670: 3134: 3130:"Britannia Superior: Why Roman roads may not be quite as Roman as we think" 2007: 1860: 1841: 1803: 1781: 1762: 1661: 1404: 1024: 948: 891: 604: 304: 2013:

In the 2020s, there was a policy shift away from "predict and provide" to

1832: 1620:

with the money coming from the Road Fund. Some 500 miles (800 km) of

1441: 6903: 6548: 6538: 6513: 6438: 6349: 6302: 6297: 6247: 6052: 5984: 5953: 3636: 3578:"A history of the "motorway concept" before construction began in the UK" 2435: 1935: 1876: 1810: 1688: 1684: 1612: 1597: 1368: 1348: 1299: 1290:

withdrawal from Britain, road maintenance became a very ad hoc activity.

1223: 1214: 1039: 517: 443: 395: 81: 1316: 57:, there is no available explanation for the allocation of road numbers. 6893: 6769: 6642: 6578: 6543: 6523: 6404: 6374: 6344: 6284: 6232: 5884: 4952:

International Transport Statistics Database: Transport in Great Britain

4904: 4739: 1848: 1535: 1384: 1248: 1218: 1210: 1176: 1009: 940: 677: 673: 558:

numbers. All length distances are shown in miles or yards, speed is in

449:

The status of both primary destinations and roads is maintained by the

312: 146: 4842: 4547:"Not in our backyard! A Bill that threatens historic right to protest" 4524:"Direct action road protest veterans delegation to Dept for Transport" 2029:

was the first local authority to adopt it formally as Council policy.

1772:, similar to that in the 1949 Act. The first motorway to open was the 1629:, which was built between 1929 and 1934 at a cost of £8 million. 1266:

due to their inability to subjugate the local population. Part of the

1057:

Road Bridges in 2008, there are no longer any toll roads in Scotland.

890:

For a road to be classed as a dual carriageway, the two directions of

6764: 6611: 6498: 6458: 6448: 6443: 6334: 6202: 6197: 6047: 5966: 5923: 5874: 5864: 5859: 5849: 2095:"Northern Ireland Assembly - WRITTEN ANSWERS Friday 15 December 2000" 1992: 1713: 1626: 1531: 1500: 1493: 1416: 1407:

was one of four highways that appear in the literature of the 1130s.

1392: 1307: 1180: 1136: 1129: 971: 905: 387: 207: 65: 4967: 4857:

Mackie, Peter, and Nigel Smith. "Financing roads in great Britain."

4045:

Towards a Sustainable Transport System: Growth in a Low Carbon World

3956:"Conceptions and early history of the motorways in Northern Ireland" 3034:

Britain's persistently higher-risk roads (2001-2003 & 2004-2006)

1398: 1375:, harbours and ports. Other roadways developed to meet the needs of 1255:. As Roman influence expanded, so did the network, until around 180 1187:, with tree rings suggesting a date of 75 BC, probably built by the 6957: 6952: 6784: 6533: 6528: 6389: 6354: 6292: 5938: 5913: 5738: 4802:

STREET Competition, Entrepreneurship, and the Future of Roads SMART

3162: 2018: 1988: 1649: 1263: 1238: 1140: 1135:

Between 2003 and 2006, the most improved safety record was for the

1125: 1121: 423: 415: 399: 308: 162: 89: 5227: 2770: 2738: 1950:. Around 40% of the network was transferred to local authorities. 1510:

The high cost of tolls, on the turnpikes, caused social unrest in

253: 6855: 6839: 6508: 6359: 5869: 5844: 5681:

Dual carriageway / Divided highway / Expressway

5611: 4377:

With 2000 miles of motorway completed and in operation by 1996...

4295: 3677:"Region: North West - The origins of the motorways of the region" 3475:"Jones, John (fl. 1811-1858; 'Shoni Sguborfawr'), Rebecca rioter" 2181:. UK Government (Crown copyright). 28 September 2017. p. 57. 1653: 1454: 1446: 1376: 1184: 1017: 1005: 944: 419: 154: 29:

The United Kingdom has a well developed and extensive network of

4947:

Interactive Map of Average Daily Traffic for every major UK Road

289: 6962: 6632: 6042: 6005: 4798:

The Rise and Fall of Non-Government Roads in the United Kingdom

2796:

House of Commons Environmental Audit Committee (22 July 2008).

1388: 1380: 1372: 1360: 1252: 1205:

Roads built in the first phase of Roman occupation (43–68

909: 551: 435: 431: 427: 374:

List of primary destinations on the United Kingdom road network

183: 3864:"Opening dates for Motorways in the UK in chronological order" 1615:

led the Minister of Transport to provide grant funding to the

277: 265: 4621:

Work begins on dualling A9 from Inverness to Perth - BBC News

4108:"Broken promises leave dozens of towns in queue for a bypass" 2870:

Statement by The Minister of State for Transport (Dr Ladyman)

2022: 1851:. In the early-1990s, the government decided to complete the 1511: 1356: 1188: 391: 178: 174: 93: 5642: 4820:

Bogart, Dan. "The turnpike roads of England and Wales." in

4476:

A new deal for transport: better for everyone - white paper

3332:"Key dates in Land, Road, Building Great Britain 1200-1899" 2872:. Department for Transport. 19 October 2006. Archived from 2866:"Charging regime at the Dartford -Thurrock river crossings" 1570:

discount, or force the tram company to reinstate the road.

1566: 1364: 1352: 319:

may still be used or heard occasionally: for instance, the

30: 4961: 4839:

Transactions and Papers (Institute of British Geographers)

1784:

both intervened, causing the abandonment of many schemes.

1423:

and Icknield Way had been constructed by royal authority.

1209:

AD) connected London with the ports used in the invasion (

6473: 2753:"50mph lorry speed limit on A9 single carriageway agreed" 2384:. Department for Transport. 5 August 2005. Archived from 983: 764: 734: 681: 194:. All other roads are the responsibility of the relevant 4299:. House of Commons. 19 December 1994. col. 874–875. 3659:"Proposals for Motorway Netwirks Published in the 1930s" 4877:

Moran, Joe. "Crossing the road in Britain, 1931–1976."

4740:"Learner drivers allowed on motorways after law change" 3045:

Britain's most improved roads (2001-2003 vs. 2004-2006)

1739:

planned to complement the new interurban routes with £1

1514:. A protest against the tolls that became known as the 350:(a) in the case of a trunk road is of the opinion, and 2466:"Driving forward: a new era for England's major roads" 1930:

Road protest in the United Kingdom § 1997–present

1757:

were cancelled following extensive protests headed by

1702:

In 1963, a report on urban transport planning policy,

1347:

A network of roadways was developed in Britain in the

3604:"Early Highways: Liverpool-East Lancashire Road A580" 2846:. British Broadcasting Corporation. 21 September 2000 2508:. British Broadcasting Corporation. 11 September 2007 1557:

damaging the road surface, Parliament introduced the

4634:"A9 dualling project delayed by 10 years until 2035" 2896:"M6 Toll (formerly Birmingham Northern Relief Road)" 2563:. British Broadcasting Corporation. 23 February 2006 2537:. British Broadcasting Corporation. 23 February 2006 2417:. British Broadcasting Corporation. 13 December 2007 2269:"Scottish trunk road network and Transport Scotland" 1132:

was found to be the most dangerous road in Britain.

145:

Responsibility for the road network differs between

4573:"Planning bill could fast track environmental harm" 4336:"M3 Dock Street to Bridge end and Sydenham By-pass" 4170:. British Broadcasting Corporation. 18 January 1996 3504:. Newcastle: Red Kite Prayer/Front Page Creations. 3249:. University of Portsmouth, Department of Geography 2490:

The design and use of directional informatory signs

2177:"Northern Ireland Transport Statistics 2016-2017". 2089: 2087: 1794:

Road protest in the United Kingdom § 1979–1997

4964:, a list of unusual or "lost" motorways in Britain 4390:"UK Politics - More than 100 road schemes shelved" 4047:. London: Department for Transport. October 2007. 2683:"DfT Circular 01/2006: Setting Local Speed Limits" 473:Several terms redirect here. For other uses, see 4587: 4269:"Interview with Brian Mawhinney by John Humphrys" 4196:. British Broadcasting Corporation. 15 April 2006 3726:. Colin Buchanan and Partners Ltd. Archived from 2376: 2374: 2372: 2370: 1916:The last new motorway in the United Kingdom (The 7031: 4422:. British Broadcasting Corporation. 31 July 1998 4396:. British Broadcasting Corporation. 31 July 1998 4144:. British Broadcasting Corporation. 9 March 2004 2928:. British Broadcasting Corporation. 9 April 2006 2158:. UK Government (Crown copyright). 27 April 2017 2084: 575:Traffic Signs Regulations and General Directions 5002: 4664:"Learner drivers on motorways from 4 June 2018" 3683:. The Motorway Archive Trust. 18 November 2007. 3665:. The Motorway Archive Trust. 18 November 2007. 3543: 3541: 3539: 3537: 3241: 3239: 3237: 3235: 1998:On 4 June 2018, a change in the law meant that 989: 843:Scotland except A9 between Perth and Inverness 3982:"M1 Belfast to Dungannon and M12 to Craigavon" 3803:"News and views: revised motorway standards". 3275:. Hertfordshire County Council. Archived from 3093: 2525: 2523: 2445: 2443: 2405: 2403: 2367: 1679:In 1958, the first motorway was opened as the 1485:, when the two parliaments merged to form the 617:apply only to motor vehicles and are shown in 550:Signage on the UK network conforms broadly to 5627: 5243: 4988: 4924:The Technical development of roads in Britain 4782:. Transport Planning Society. 4 October 2022. 3796: 3351: 3121: 2974:Abolition of Bridge Tolls (Scotland) Act 2008 1596:, with the government receiving revenue from 1499:Also, in England, the process of land owners 4545:Grice, Andrew; Russell, Ben (24 June 2008). 4544: 4360: 4138:"Features - Spiritual Places - Twyford Down" 4114:. London: News International. Archived from 3988:. The Motorway Archive Trust. Archived from 3834: 3547: 3534: 3232: 3183: 3101:"SAFE ROAD DESIGN TO SAVE UK£6BN EVERY YEAR" 3056: 2549: 1813:. It proposed 500 road schemes at a cost of 1800:Conservative government of Margaret Thatcher 4416:"UK Politics - Road scheme details in full" 4291:"Written Questions: National Roads Program" 4099: 3888: 3627: 3625: 3606:. Lancashire County Council. Archived from 3326: 3324: 2948:"M4 Severn bridge to shut for toll removal" 2832: 2798:Vehicle Excise Duty as an environmental tax 2659:. Department of Environment. Archived from 2520: 2494: 2440: 2400: 1825:being built, caricatured in later years as 1735:The 1968–1969 Ministry of Transport report 1687:. The first major motorway to open was the 1217:), and with the earlier legionary bases at 546:A typical roundabout sign on a primary road 246:Examples of road numbers and colour schemes 76:. The road network was expanded during the 5634: 5620: 5250: 5236: 4995: 4981: 4690:"Learner drivers now allowed on motorways" 4478:. Department for Transport. Archived from 4074: 4068: 3692: 3690: 3572: 3570: 3298: 3296: 3294: 2223:. Department for Transport. Archived from 122:ongoing and planned road building projects 4602:. London: Guardian News and Media Limited 4077:"Do we have to set England alight again?" 3635:. Cheshire County Council. Archived from 3596: 3519: 3149: 1770:Special Roads Act (Northern Ireland) 1963 1179:. A timber road was preserved in peat in 629:National speed limits on roads in the UK 4214: 3820:"Trunk roads to get priority in 1970s". 3622: 3321: 2803:(Report). The Stationery Office Limited. 2046:have traditional conventions in the UK. 1831: 1761:and a rise in costs. Plans to widen the 1440: 1259:AD when the known network was complete. 934: 541: 511: 468: 59: 4957:EuroRAP GB Tracking Survey Results 2008 4164:"1996: Green groups join bypass battle" 4105: 3892:Transport Planning, Vision and Practice 3813: 3687: 3567: 3493: 3404:. University of Lancaster. p. 63. 3302: 3291: 3016:EuroRAP GB Tracking Survey Results 2008 2215: 2213: 2211: 2209: 2061:List of motorways in the United Kingdom 1981:dual the A9 between Perth and Inverness 1580:Motoring taxation in the United Kingdom 1399:The "Four Highways" of medieval England 1103:Road speed limits in the United Kingdom 986:, being paid directly to the Treasury. 931:Motoring taxation in the United Kingdom 591:Road speed limits in the United Kingdom 367: 14: 7032: 4715:"Learner drivers allowed on motorways" 4596:"Smooth-flowing traffic is on the way" 4593: 4538: 3424: 3127: 1282:AD to their former northern boundary, 1107:Reported Road Casualties Great Britain 1060: 6730:Median / Central reservation 5615: 5231: 4976: 3449: 3399: 3377:The Sutton Companion to Local History 3374: 3307:. Stroud: Tempus Publishing Limited. 3247:"Timeline of British Turnpike Trusts" 2789: 1940:A New Deal for Trunk Roads in England 1020:) and about five private toll roads. 633: 4905:https://doi.org/10.1093/ereh/head030 4859:Research in Transportation Economics 4434: 3499: 3472: 2293:. Transport Scotland. Archived from 2247:"Trunk Road Proposals and Your Home" 2206: 2149:"Road Lengths in Great Britain 2016" 2021:. This concept was developed by the 1445:A parliamentary enclosure road near 1311: 1064: 1049:Since the abolition of tolls on the 924: 919: 167:North and Mid Wales Trunk Road Agent 5257: 4901:European Review of Economic History 4190:"Anti-road protests 'boosted cost'" 3716: 3305:Roads: Archaeology and Architecture 3158:"Iron Age road link to Iceni tribe" 3155: 2657:"Highway Code for Northern Ireland" 2502:"Q&A: Pounds, pints and the EU" 1923: 1611:High unemployment after the end of 1426: 1391:from isolated communities to local 902:Enforcement of UK road speed limits 317:their informal or traditional names 239:Great Britain road numbering scheme 68:is an example of an urban motorway. 24: 6648:Risk compensation (road transport) 5641: 4790: 4651:A96 Dualling Inverness to Aberdeen 4594:Murray, Louise (26 October 2005). 4472:"Chapter 3 - Integrated Transport" 4361:Porter, John; Bridle, Ron (2002). 4223:. British Broadcasting Corporation 4106:Webster, Ben (11 September 2006). 3835:Porter, John; Bridle, Ron (2002). 3552:. London: Thomas Telford Limited. 3427:Parliamentary Enclosure in England 3379:. Sutton Publishing. p. 146. 3184:Porter, John; Bridle, Ron (2002). 2988:"Tolls removed from Scots bridges" 2531:"Call for metric road sign switch" 2453:The Traffic Signs Regulations 2002 2450:Statutory Instrument 2002 No. 3113 2411:"Road speed limits to be reviewed" 2360:Statutory Instrument 1997 No. 2683 996:Road pricing in the United Kingdom 894:must be physically separated by a 607:applies. In Northern Ireland, the 88:, the devolved administrations of 25: 7051: 4930: 4448:. Highways Agency. Archived from 4075:Kingsnorth, Paul (30 June 2003). 3429:. London: Routledge. p. 48. 2922:"Toll road lawyers in award hope" 2713:"117-126: Control of the vehicle" 2605:"133-143:Multi-lane carriageways" 2557:"EU gives up on 'metric Britain'" 2221:"How roads are managed in the UK" 1855:by building a six-lane road in a 1293: 1115:In 2006, the 8-mile (13 km) 609:Highway Code for Northern Ireland 595:In the UK, vehicles are normally 232: 192:Transport for London Road Network 140: 7014:Glossary of road transport terms 4772: 4758: 4732: 4707: 4682: 4656: 4644: 4626: 4614: 4565: 4516: 4215:Montague, Simon (14 July 1998). 3128:Morris, Steven (15 March 2011). 3062: 2341:. Roads Service Northern Ireland 1453:The first legislated control in 1315: 1194: 1069: 538:Road signs in the United Kingdom 288: 276: 264: 252: 4494: 4464: 4442:"What are Multi-Modal Studies?" 4408: 4382: 4365:. Thomas Telford. p. 189. 4354: 4328: 4303: 4296:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 4283: 4261: 4235: 4208: 4182: 4156: 4130: 4030: 4004: 3974: 3948: 3916: 3882: 3856: 3839:. Thomas Telford. p. 223. 3828: 3784: 3772: 3760: 3748: 3734: 3669: 3651: 3466: 3443: 3418: 3393: 3368: 3345: 3261: 3202: 3177: 3038: 3027: 3009: 2980: 2966: 2940: 2914: 2888: 2858: 2807: 2763: 2745: 2731: 2705: 2689:. 8 August 2006. Archived from 2675: 2649: 2623: 2597: 2575: 2483: 2458: 2429: 2353: 2331: 2073:List of road projects in the UK 2056:Transport in the United Kingdom 1959:Transport Innovation Fund (TIF) 1270:came under Roman control in 142 912:systems and automated roadside 874: 868: 866:A9 between Perth and Inverness 857: 851: 845: 834: 828: 822: 808: 802: 796: 794:Goods vehicle below 7.5 tonnes 785: 779: 773: 755: 749: 743: 725: 719: 713: 698: 692: 686: 418:. For similar reasons, certain 131: 4832:A History of British Motorways 4245:. The Treasury. Archived from 3724:"Professor Sir Colin Buchanan" 3550:A History of British Motorways 3156:Ord, Louise (15 August 2011). 2382:"FOI Request - Road numbering" 2309: 2283: 2261: 2239: 2170: 2141: 2127:(Report). Leidschendam: SWOV. 2113: 1542:pooling resources to form the 1262:Few Roman roads extended into 817:Goods vehicle over 7.5 tonnes 516:Regional destinations, on the 13: 1: 6996:Pavement performance modeling 6986:International roughness index 4766:"Decide and Provide Guidance" 3548:Charlesworth, George (1984). 3502:Roads Were Not Built For Cars 3479:Dictionary of Welsh Biography 3188:. Thomas Telford. p. 3. 3108:Campaign for Safe Road Design 3072:Campaign for Safe Road Design 2179:Department for Infrastructure 2077: 2039:Odonymy in the United Kingdom 1900:Transport and the Environment 1632:For the first time since the 1544:Roads Improvement Association 1520:John Jones (Shoni Sguborfawr) 1160:Campaign for Safe Road Design 1038:Before 14 December 2018, the 1004:has a congestion charge. The 587:Driving in the United Kingdom 6991:Present serviceability index 6785:Sidewalk / Pavement 6330:Diamond grinding of pavement 4937:Highways England network map 4849:Journal of Transport History 4342:. The Motorway Archive Trust 4018:. The Motorway Archive Trust 3962:. The Motorway Archive Trust 3929:. Road Block. Archived from 3870:. The Motorway Archive Trust 3704:. The Motorway Archive Trust 3584:. The Motorway Archive Trust 3303:Morriss, Richard K. (2005). 3269:"The World's First Turnpike" 2976:. Scottish Parliament. 2008. 2902:. The Motorway Archive Trust 1885:recession of the early 1990s 1787: 1674: 1573: 990:Tolls and congestion charges 597:driven or ridden on the left 171:South Wales Trunk Road Agent 7: 7040:Roads in the United Kingdom 6963:Underpass / Tunnel 6958:Overpass / Flyover 6712:High-occupancy vehicle lane 6602:Driving under the influence 5676:Freeway / Motorway 5004:Roads in the United Kingdom 4942:Map of Scottish Trunk Roads 4768:. TRICS Consortium Limited. 3895:. Routledge & K. Paul. 3481:. National Library of Wales 3216:. Channel 4. Archived from 3214:Roman Occupation 43 AD-c410 2319:. Welsh Assembly Government 2049: 1948:Trans-European Road Network 1863:. This attracted the first 1553:After complaints about the 1524:David Davies (Dai'r Cantwr) 1437:Toll roads in Great Britain 1170: 10: 7056: 5890:Highway systems by country 5202:Anomalously numbered roads 4869:On roads: a hidden history 2585:. Department for Transport 2436:www.roads.org.uk - C roads 2070: 2036: 2027:Oxfordshire County Council 1927: 1791: 1710:UK Department of Transport 1577: 1430: 1297: 1198: 1165: 1100: 993: 928: 584: 580: 535: 531: 503:Southwest (disambiguation) 495:Northwest (disambiguation) 491:Northeast (disambiguation) 479:The Lakes (disambiguation) 472: 371: 335:). These numbers follow a 236: 7009: 7001:Granular base equivalency 6971: 6942: 6848: 6820:Traffic signal preemption 6665: 6625: 6587: 6429: 6418: 6270: 6228:Right-in/right-out (RIRO) 6157: 6134:Single-point urban (SPUI) 6074: 6065: 5993: 5898: 5812: 5694: 5661: 5652: 5561: 5523: 5265: 5194: 5129: 5068: 5059: 5010: 3809:: 1154. 25 November 1966. 2317:"Transport - Who are we?" 2066:Roads in Northern Ireland 2032: 1658:Lancashire County Council 1548:Local Government Act 1888 1457:was introduced under the 1078:This section needs to be 816: 793: 763: 733: 706: 672: 647: 644: 641: 636: 483:Midlands (disambiguation) 106:United Kingdom parliament 6981:Pavement condition index 6707:High-occupancy toll lane 6702:Contraflow lane reversal 6677:Barrier transfer machine 5049:Gaelic-speaking Scotland 5017:Road numbering schemes: 4363:The Motorway Achievement 4217:"Better late than never" 3837:The Motorway Achievement 3452:"Rebecca Riots - Part 1" 3210:"Roman roads in Britain" 3186:The Motorway Achievement 2840:"UK fuel tax: The facts" 2687:Department for Transport 1712:by a team headed by the 1540:National Cyclists' Union 1487:Kingdom of Great Britain 974:using taxes raised from 451:Department for Transport 402:. As a further example, 5835:Express-collector setup 4871:(Profile Books, 2010). 4834:(Thomas Telford, 1984). 4814:(Pen and Sword, 2014). 4575:. RSPB. 7 November 2007 3924:"A road can be stopped" 3375:Friar, Stephen (2004). 3356:. London: UK Parliament 2156:DfT Statistical Release 1708:, was produced for the 1477:was established by the 1387:, and for transporting 1367:. They linked together 7019:Road types by features 6914:Raised pavement marker 6881:Constant-slope barrier 6805:Traffic directionality 6795:Street running railway 6218:Protected intersection 5308:Bosnia and Herzegovina 4881:49.2 (2006): 477-496. 4879:The Historical Journal 4851:27.1 (2006): 115-137. 4830:Charlesworth, George. 4653:Retrieved 17 July 2024 4600:Society - The Guardian 4168:BBC News - On This Day 3633:"Trunk Roads Homepage" 3500:Reid, Carlton (2014). 3352:UK Parliament (2021). 2008:practical driving test 1844: 1751:Greater London Council 1669:Special Roads Act 1949 1652:under construction in 1536:Cyclists' Touring Club 1450: 1201:Roman roads in Britain 1044:Second Severn Crossing 1027:has been in operation 951: 547: 521: 499:South (disambiguation) 487:North (disambiguation) 358: 69: 6876:Concrete step barrier 6213:Offset T-intersection 4824:(2017) pp:1680-1911. 4038:"History and context" 4012:"Westlink (M1 to M2)" 3730:on 28 September 2007. 3425:Mingay, G.E. (2014). 1873:M11 link road protest 1835: 1642:Minister of Transport 1606:Ministry of Transport 1526:, were convicted and 1479:Parliament of England 1465:for a section of the 1444: 954:After the end of the 938: 741:up to 12 metres long 545: 525:Regional destinations 515: 507:West (disambiguation) 475:East (disambiguation) 469:Regional destinations 345: 222:location marker posts 63: 6919:Road surface marking 6617:Single-vehicle crash 6340:Full depth recycling 6238:Seagull intersection 5217:Primary destinations 4968:The Motorway Archive 4861:15 (2005): 215-229. 4087:on 11 September 2016 3889:Adams, John (1981). 3354:"Enclosing the Land" 3081:on 22 September 2013 3050:26 July 2011 at the 2900:The Motorway Archive 2271:. Transport Scotland 2015:"decide and provide" 1808:Roads for Prosperity 1638:Trunk Roads Act 1936 1555:first tram companies 1016:and College Road in 771:12 metres or longer 453:in combination with 379:Primary destinations 368:Primary destinations 329:Great Cambridge Road 188:Transport for London 120:. There are various 6745:Pedestrian crossing 6308:Reinforced concrete 6144:Three-level diamond 5855:Two-lane expressway 5840:Farm-to-market road 5524:States with limited 4804:(Routledge, 2017). 4640:. 20 December 2023. 4452:on 26 December 2007 4446:Multi-Modal Studies 3936:on 16 February 2008 3610:on 29 December 2007 3526:"Street Tramways". 3400:Whyte, Ian (2003). 3279:on 20 February 2001 3021:15 May 2012 at the 2101:on 23 December 2008 1979:proposed a plan to 1827:predict and provide 1648:, also visited the 1409:Henry of Huntingdon 1117:Cat and Fiddle Road 1061:Road traffic safety 1025:congestion charging 980:Vehicle Excise Duty 896:central reservation 642:Single carriageway 630: 564:European Commission 459:Scottish Government 457:(for England), the 6775:Runaway truck ramp 6597:Driver's education 6385:Rubberized asphalt 6320:Crocodile cracking 6243:Split intersection 6011:Hierarchy of roads 5972:Single carriageway 4962:Pathetic Motorways 4926:(Routledge, 2019). 4913:(J. Murray, 1867) 4841:19 (1953): 37-49. 4623:September 10, 2015 4504:. House of Commons 4249:on 7 November 2007 3824:. 30 October 1969. 3639:on 17 October 2007 3462:on 12 August 2007. 3220:on 4 November 2007 2994:. 11 February 2008 2954:. 19 November 2018 2759:. 21 October 2014. 2693:on 6 February 2007 2583:"The Highway Code" 2227:on 25 October 2007 2004:driving instructor 1977:Transport Scotland 1845: 1759:Homes before Roads 1683:, now part of the 1483:Acts of Union 1707 1451: 1327:. You can help by 952: 904:increasingly uses 820:England and Wales 628: 548: 522: 505:, and 283:Non-primary A road 159:Transport Scotland 70: 7027: 7026: 6835:Wide outside lane 6661: 6660: 6638:Automotive safety 6519:Road slipperiness 6266: 6265: 6114:Diverging diamond 6061: 6060: 5977:Single-track road 5919:Bicycle boulevard 5609: 5608: 5225: 5224: 5190: 5189: 5024:Motoring taxation 4796:Benson, Bruce L. 4054:978-0-10-172262-9 3902:978-0-7100-0844-2 3511:978-0-9930057-0-1 3473:Williams, David. 3450:Griffiths, Ivor. 3436:978-0-582-25725-2 2663:on 3 January 2007 2249:. Highways Agency 2194:Missing or empty 1726:demand management 1563:33 & 34 Vict. 1559:Tramways Act 1870 1505:Act of Parliament 1463:Highways Act 1663 1459:Highways Act 1555 1345: 1344: 1268:Scottish Lowlands 1099: 1098: 1002:Dartford Crossing 925:Motoring taxation 920:Taxes and charges 888: 887: 645:Dual carriageway 571:Worboys Committee 455:National Highways 323:(now part of the 200:unitary authority 151:National Highways 118:environmentalists 102:National Highways 86:local authorities 37:are indicated in 16:(Redirected from 7047: 6871:Cat's eye (road) 6692:Complete streets 6464:Dead Man's Curve 6427: 6426: 6365:Pavement milling 6280:Asphalt concrete 6223:Quadrant roadway 6164: 6086: 6072: 6071: 6038:Street hierarchy 5686:Elevated highway 5659: 5658: 5636: 5629: 5622: 5613: 5612: 5562:Dependencies and 5266:Sovereign states 5259:Roads in Europe 5252: 5245: 5238: 5229: 5228: 5182:Northern Ireland 5121:Northern Ireland 5066: 5065: 4997: 4990: 4983: 4974: 4973: 4909:Smiles, Samuel. 4784: 4783: 4776: 4770: 4769: 4762: 4756: 4755: 4753: 4751: 4736: 4730: 4729: 4727: 4725: 4719:www.confused.com 4711: 4705: 4704: 4702: 4700: 4686: 4680: 4679: 4677: 4675: 4660: 4654: 4648: 4642: 4641: 4630: 4624: 4618: 4612: 4611: 4609: 4607: 4591: 4585: 4584: 4582: 4580: 4569: 4563: 4562: 4560: 4558: 4542: 4536: 4535: 4533: 4531: 4520: 4514: 4513: 4511: 4509: 4498: 4492: 4491: 4489: 4487: 4468: 4462: 4461: 4459: 4457: 4438: 4432: 4431: 4429: 4427: 4412: 4406: 4405: 4403: 4401: 4386: 4380: 4379: 4358: 4352: 4351: 4349: 4347: 4340:Motorway Archive 4332: 4326: 4325: 4323: 4321: 4307: 4301: 4300: 4287: 4281: 4280: 4278: 4276: 4265: 4259: 4258: 4256: 4254: 4239: 4233: 4232: 4230: 4228: 4212: 4206: 4205: 4203: 4201: 4186: 4180: 4179: 4177: 4175: 4160: 4154: 4153: 4151: 4149: 4134: 4128: 4127: 4125: 4123: 4103: 4097: 4096: 4094: 4092: 4083:. Archived from 4072: 4066: 4065: 4063: 4061: 4042: 4034: 4028: 4027: 4025: 4023: 4016:Motorway Archive 4008: 4002: 4001: 3999: 3997: 3992:on 25 April 2012 3986:Motorway Archive 3978: 3972: 3971: 3969: 3967: 3960:Motorway Archive 3952: 3946: 3945: 3943: 3941: 3935: 3928: 3920: 3914: 3913: 3911: 3909: 3886: 3880: 3879: 3877: 3875: 3868:Motorway Archive 3860: 3854: 3853: 3832: 3826: 3825: 3817: 3811: 3810: 3800: 3794: 3791:Traffic in Towns 3788: 3782: 3779:Traffic in Towns 3776: 3770: 3767:Traffic in Towns 3764: 3758: 3755:Traffic in Towns 3752: 3746: 3742:Traffic in Towns 3738: 3732: 3731: 3720: 3714: 3713: 3711: 3709: 3702:Motorway Archive 3694: 3685: 3684: 3681:Motorway Archive 3673: 3667: 3666: 3663:Motorway Archive 3655: 3649: 3648: 3646: 3644: 3629: 3620: 3619: 3617: 3615: 3600: 3594: 3593: 3591: 3589: 3582:Motorway Archive 3574: 3565: 3563: 3545: 3532: 3531: 3523: 3517: 3515: 3497: 3491: 3490: 3488: 3486: 3470: 3464: 3463: 3458:. Archived from 3447: 3441: 3440: 3422: 3416: 3415: 3411:978-18622-0132-3 3397: 3391: 3390: 3372: 3366: 3365: 3363: 3361: 3349: 3343: 3342: 3340: 3338: 3328: 3319: 3318: 3300: 3289: 3288: 3286: 3284: 3265: 3259: 3258: 3256: 3254: 3243: 3230: 3229: 3227: 3225: 3206: 3200: 3199: 3181: 3175: 3174: 3172: 3170: 3153: 3147: 3146: 3144: 3142: 3125: 3119: 3118: 3116: 3114: 3105: 3097: 3091: 3090: 3088: 3086: 3080: 3074:. Archived from 3069: 3060: 3054: 3042: 3036: 3031: 3025: 3013: 3007: 3006: 3001: 2999: 2984: 2978: 2977: 2970: 2964: 2963: 2961: 2959: 2944: 2938: 2937: 2935: 2933: 2918: 2912: 2911: 2909: 2907: 2892: 2886: 2885: 2883: 2881: 2862: 2856: 2855: 2853: 2851: 2836: 2830: 2829: 2827: 2825: 2811: 2805: 2804: 2802: 2793: 2787: 2786: 2784: 2782: 2767: 2761: 2760: 2749: 2743: 2742: 2735: 2729: 2728: 2726: 2724: 2717:The Highway Code 2709: 2703: 2702: 2700: 2698: 2679: 2673: 2672: 2670: 2668: 2653: 2647: 2646: 2644: 2642: 2627: 2621: 2620: 2618: 2616: 2609:The Highway Code 2601: 2595: 2594: 2592: 2590: 2579: 2573: 2572: 2570: 2568: 2553: 2547: 2546: 2544: 2542: 2527: 2518: 2517: 2515: 2513: 2498: 2492: 2487: 2481: 2480: 2478: 2476: 2462: 2456: 2447: 2438: 2433: 2427: 2426: 2424: 2422: 2407: 2398: 2397: 2395: 2393: 2378: 2365: 2357: 2351: 2350: 2348: 2346: 2335: 2329: 2328: 2326: 2324: 2313: 2307: 2306: 2304: 2302: 2297:on 16 March 2012 2287: 2281: 2280: 2278: 2276: 2265: 2259: 2258: 2256: 2254: 2243: 2237: 2236: 2234: 2232: 2217: 2204: 2203: 2197: 2192: 2190: 2182: 2174: 2168: 2167: 2165: 2163: 2153: 2145: 2139: 2138: 2126: 2117: 2111: 2110: 2108: 2106: 2097:. Archived from 2091: 2023:TRICS Consortium 1924:1997–present day 1910:John MacGregor's 1896:Royal Commission 1753:for a series of 1742: 1737:Roads in England 1705:Traffic in Towns 1634:Roman occupation 1602:driving licences 1467:Great North Road 1427:Early modern era 1340: 1337: 1319: 1312: 1281: 1273: 1258: 1208: 1157: 1094: 1091: 1085: 1073: 1072: 1065: 1014:Stanstead Abbots 634:Type of vehicle 631: 627: 463:Welsh Government 408:northern England 321:Great North Road 292: 280: 268: 256: 227: 204:Northern Ireland 98:Northern Ireland 78:Roman occupation 74:British Iron Age 55:Northern Ireland 49:is in place for 47:numbering system 21: 7055: 7054: 7050: 7049: 7048: 7046: 7045: 7044: 7030: 7029: 7028: 7023: 7005: 6973: 6967: 6938: 6929:Traffic barrier 6889:F-Shape barrier 6844: 6800:Traffic calming 6760:Reversible lane 6750:Pedestrian zone 6735:Motorcycle lane 6697:Contraflow lane 6669:time allocation 6668: 6657: 6653:Underride guard 6621: 6583: 6469:Expansion joint 6431: 6421: 6414: 6400:Stamped asphalt 6262: 6193:Continuous flow 6166: 6162: 6161: 6153: 6087: 6083:grade-separated 6080: 6079: 6057: 6016:Private highway 5989: 5894: 5808: 5690: 5648: 5640: 5610: 5605: 5563: 5557: 5543:Northern Cyprus 5525: 5519: 5440:North Macedonia 5261: 5256: 5226: 5221: 5186: 5125: 5055: 5006: 5001: 4933: 4793: 4791:Further reading 4788: 4787: 4778: 4777: 4773: 4764: 4763: 4759: 4749: 4747: 4738: 4737: 4733: 4723: 4721: 4713: 4712: 4708: 4698: 4696: 4688: 4687: 4683: 4673: 4671: 4662: 4661: 4657: 4649: 4645: 4632: 4631: 4627: 4619: 4615: 4605: 4603: 4592: 4588: 4578: 4576: 4571: 4570: 4566: 4556: 4554: 4551:The Independent 4543: 4539: 4529: 4527: 4522: 4521: 4517: 4507: 4505: 4500: 4499: 4495: 4485: 4483: 4482:on 3 March 2010 4470: 4469: 4465: 4455: 4453: 4440: 4439: 4435: 4425: 4423: 4414: 4413: 4409: 4399: 4397: 4388: 4387: 4383: 4373: 4359: 4355: 4345: 4343: 4334: 4333: 4329: 4319: 4317: 4309: 4308: 4304: 4289: 4288: 4284: 4274: 4272: 4267: 4266: 4262: 4252: 4250: 4241: 4240: 4236: 4226: 4224: 4213: 4209: 4199: 4197: 4188: 4187: 4183: 4173: 4171: 4162: 4161: 4157: 4147: 4145: 4142:BBC Southampton 4136: 4135: 4131: 4121: 4119: 4104: 4100: 4090: 4088: 4073: 4069: 4059: 4057: 4055: 4040: 4036: 4035: 4031: 4021: 4019: 4010: 4009: 4005: 3995: 3993: 3980: 3979: 3975: 3965: 3963: 3954: 3953: 3949: 3939: 3937: 3933: 3926: 3922: 3921: 3917: 3907: 3905: 3903: 3887: 3883: 3873: 3871: 3862: 3861: 3857: 3847: 3833: 3829: 3819: 3818: 3814: 3802: 3801: 3797: 3789: 3785: 3777: 3773: 3765: 3761: 3753: 3749: 3739: 3735: 3722: 3721: 3717: 3707: 3705: 3696: 3695: 3688: 3675: 3674: 3670: 3657: 3656: 3652: 3642: 3640: 3631: 3630: 3623: 3613: 3611: 3602: 3601: 3597: 3587: 3585: 3576: 3575: 3568: 3560: 3546: 3535: 3525: 3524: 3520: 3512: 3498: 3494: 3484: 3482: 3471: 3467: 3448: 3444: 3437: 3423: 3419: 3412: 3398: 3394: 3387: 3373: 3369: 3359: 3357: 3350: 3346: 3336: 3334: 3330: 3329: 3322: 3315: 3301: 3292: 3282: 3280: 3267: 3266: 3262: 3252: 3250: 3245: 3244: 3233: 3223: 3221: 3208: 3207: 3203: 3196: 3182: 3178: 3168: 3166: 3154: 3150: 3140: 3138: 3126: 3122: 3112: 3110: 3103: 3099: 3098: 3094: 3084: 3082: 3078: 3067: 3061: 3057: 3052:Wayback Machine 3043: 3039: 3032: 3028: 3023:Wayback Machine 3014: 3010: 2997: 2995: 2986: 2985: 2981: 2972: 2971: 2967: 2957: 2955: 2946: 2945: 2941: 2931: 2929: 2920: 2919: 2915: 2905: 2903: 2894: 2893: 2889: 2879: 2877: 2876:on 16 July 2007 2864: 2863: 2859: 2849: 2847: 2838: 2837: 2833: 2823: 2821: 2815:"Car tax rules" 2813: 2812: 2808: 2800: 2794: 2790: 2780: 2778: 2777:. UK Government 2769: 2768: 2764: 2751: 2750: 2746: 2737: 2736: 2732: 2722: 2720: 2711: 2710: 2706: 2696: 2694: 2681: 2680: 2676: 2666: 2664: 2655: 2654: 2650: 2640: 2638: 2629: 2628: 2624: 2614: 2612: 2603: 2602: 2598: 2588: 2586: 2581: 2580: 2576: 2566: 2564: 2555: 2554: 2550: 2540: 2538: 2529: 2528: 2521: 2511: 2509: 2500: 2499: 2495: 2488: 2484: 2474: 2472: 2470:Highways Agency 2464: 2463: 2459: 2455:, regulation 4. 2448: 2441: 2434: 2430: 2420: 2418: 2409: 2408: 2401: 2391: 2389: 2388:on 3 April 2007 2380: 2379: 2368: 2358: 2354: 2344: 2342: 2337: 2336: 2332: 2322: 2320: 2315: 2314: 2310: 2300: 2298: 2289: 2288: 2284: 2274: 2272: 2267: 2266: 2262: 2252: 2250: 2245: 2244: 2240: 2230: 2228: 2219: 2218: 2207: 2195: 2193: 2184: 2183: 2176: 2175: 2171: 2161: 2159: 2151: 2147: 2146: 2142: 2135: 2124: 2118: 2114: 2104: 2102: 2093: 2092: 2085: 2080: 2075: 2052: 2041: 2035: 2000:learner drivers 1964:In 2007, a new 1932: 1926: 1889:Brian Mawhinney 1796: 1790: 1740: 1677: 1627:East Lancs Road 1617:county councils 1592:brought in the 1586: 1584:driving licence 1576: 1565:c. 78), making 1439: 1429: 1411:wrote that the 1401: 1341: 1335: 1332: 1325:needs expansion 1310: 1296: 1279: 1271: 1256: 1206: 1203: 1197: 1173: 1168: 1155: 1109: 1095: 1089: 1086: 1083: 1074: 1070: 1063: 998: 992: 964:trade cart duty 960:locomotive duty 956:Turnpike trusts 933: 927: 922: 914:traffic cameras 684:up to 2 tonnes 615:UK speed limits 593: 583: 540: 534: 510: 471: 376: 370: 300: 299: 298: 297: 296: 293: 285: 284: 281: 273: 272: 269: 261: 260: 257: 248: 247: 241: 235: 225: 143: 134: 64:Motorway M1 in 35:UK speed limits 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7053: 7043: 7042: 7025: 7024: 7022: 7021: 7016: 7010: 7007: 7006: 7004: 7003: 6998: 6993: 6988: 6983: 6977: 6975: 6969: 6968: 6966: 6965: 6960: 6955: 6950: 6946: 6944: 6940: 6939: 6937: 6936: 6931: 6926: 6921: 6916: 6911: 6906: 6901: 6899:Jersey barrier 6896: 6891: 6886: 6883: 6878: 6873: 6868: 6863: 6858: 6852: 6850: 6846: 6845: 6843: 6842: 6837: 6832: 6830:Unused highway 6827: 6822: 6817: 6812: 6810:Traffic island 6807: 6802: 6797: 6792: 6787: 6782: 6777: 6772: 6767: 6762: 6757: 6752: 6747: 6742: 6737: 6732: 6727: 6722: 6717: 6714: 6709: 6704: 6699: 6694: 6689: 6684: 6679: 6673: 6671: 6663: 6662: 6659: 6658: 6656: 6655: 6650: 6645: 6640: 6635: 6629: 6627: 6623: 6622: 6620: 6619: 6614: 6609: 6607:Drowsy driving 6604: 6599: 6593: 6591: 6585: 6584: 6582: 6581: 6576: 6571: 6566: 6561: 6556: 6551: 6546: 6541: 6536: 6531: 6526: 6521: 6516: 6511: 6506: 6501: 6496: 6491: 6489:Level crossing 6486: 6481: 6476: 6471: 6466: 6461: 6456: 6451: 6446: 6441: 6435: 6433: 6424: 6416: 6415: 6413: 6412: 6407: 6402: 6397: 6392: 6387: 6382: 6377: 6372: 6367: 6362: 6357: 6352: 6347: 6342: 6337: 6332: 6327: 6322: 6317: 6312: 6311: 6310: 6300: 6295: 6290: 6287: 6282: 6276: 6274: 6268: 6267: 6264: 6263: 6261: 6260: 6255: 6250: 6245: 6240: 6235: 6230: 6225: 6220: 6215: 6210: 6205: 6200: 6195: 6190: 6188:Channelization 6185: 6180: 6175: 6173:3-way junction 6169: 6167: 6158: 6155: 6154: 6152: 6151: 6146: 6141: 6136: 6131: 6126: 6121: 6116: 6111: 6106: 6101: 6096: 6090: 6088: 6075: 6069: 6067:Road junctions 6063: 6062: 6059: 6058: 6056: 6055: 6050: 6045: 6040: 6035: 6034: 6033: 6031:business route 6028: 6018: 6013: 6008: 6003: 5997: 5995: 5991: 5990: 5988: 5987: 5982: 5979: 5974: 5969: 5964: 5961: 5959:Primitive road 5956: 5951: 5946: 5941: 5936: 5931: 5926: 5921: 5916: 5911: 5906: 5902: 5900: 5896: 5895: 5893: 5892: 5887: 5882: 5877: 5872: 5867: 5862: 5857: 5852: 5847: 5842: 5837: 5832: 5830:County highway 5827: 5825:Collector road 5822: 5816: 5814: 5810: 5809: 5807: 5806: 5801: 5799:United Kingdom 5796: 5791: 5786: 5781: 5776: 5771: 5766: 5761: 5756: 5751: 5746: 5741: 5736: 5734:Czech Republic 5731: 5726: 5721: 5716: 5711: 5706: 5700: 5698: 5692: 5691: 5689: 5688: 5683: 5678: 5673: 5667: 5665: 5663:Limited-access 5656: 5650: 5649: 5639: 5638: 5631: 5624: 5616: 5607: 5606: 5604: 5603: 5598: 5593: 5588: 5583: 5578: 5573: 5567: 5565: 5564:other entities 5559: 5558: 5556: 5555: 5550: 5545: 5540: 5535: 5529: 5527: 5521: 5520: 5518: 5517: 5515:United Kingdom 5512: 5507: 5502: 5497: 5492: 5487: 5482: 5477: 5472: 5467: 5462: 5457: 5452: 5447: 5442: 5437: 5432: 5427: 5422: 5417: 5412: 5407: 5402: 5397: 5392: 5387: 5382: 5380: 5375: 5370: 5365: 5360: 5355: 5350: 5345: 5340: 5335: 5330: 5328:Czech Republic 5325: 5320: 5315: 5310: 5305: 5300: 5295: 5290: 5285: 5280: 5275: 5269: 5267: 5263: 5262: 5255: 5254: 5247: 5240: 5232: 5223: 5222: 5220: 5219: 5214: 5209: 5204: 5198: 5196: 5192: 5191: 5188: 5187: 5185: 5184: 5179: 5174: 5169: 5164: 5159: 5154: 5149: 5144: 5139: 5133: 5131: 5127: 5126: 5124: 5123: 5118: 5113: 5108: 5103: 5098: 5093: 5088: 5083: 5078: 5072: 5070: 5063: 5057: 5056: 5054: 5053: 5052: 5051: 5046: 5036: 5031: 5026: 5021: 5014: 5012: 5008: 5007: 5000: 4999: 4992: 4985: 4977: 4971: 4970: 4965: 4959: 4954: 4949: 4944: 4939: 4932: 4931:External links 4929: 4928: 4927: 4922:West, Graham. 4919: 4918: 4907: 4897: 4891:Thomas Telford 4889:Rolt, L.T. C. 4886: 4885: 4875: 4865: 4855: 4845: 4835: 4828: 4818: 4810:Bishop, M. C. 4808: 4792: 4789: 4786: 4785: 4771: 4757: 4731: 4706: 4681: 4655: 4643: 4625: 4613: 4586: 4564: 4537: 4515: 4493: 4463: 4433: 4407: 4381: 4371: 4353: 4327: 4302: 4282: 4260: 4234: 4207: 4181: 4155: 4129: 4118:on 24 May 2011 4098: 4067: 4053: 4029: 4003: 3973: 3947: 3915: 3901: 3881: 3855: 3845: 3827: 3812: 3795: 3783: 3771: 3759: 3747: 3733: 3715: 3686: 3668: 3650: 3621: 3595: 3566: 3558: 3533: 3530:. 26 May 1869. 3518: 3510: 3492: 3465: 3442: 3435: 3417: 3410: 3392: 3385: 3367: 3344: 3320: 3313: 3290: 3273:Herts Heritage 3260: 3231: 3201: 3194: 3176: 3148: 3120: 3092: 3063:Hill, Joanne. 3055: 3037: 3026: 3008: 2979: 2965: 2939: 2913: 2887: 2857: 2831: 2806: 2788: 2771:"Speed limits" 2762: 2744: 2739:"Speed limits" 2730: 2704: 2674: 2648: 2631:"Introduction" 2622: 2596: 2574: 2548: 2519: 2493: 2482: 2457: 2439: 2428: 2399: 2366: 2352: 2330: 2308: 2291:"Road details" 2282: 2260: 2238: 2205: 2169: 2140: 2133: 2112: 2082: 2081: 2079: 2076: 2069: 2068: 2063: 2058: 2051: 2048: 2037:Main article: 2034: 2031: 1925: 1922: 1869:Newbury bypass 1789: 1786: 1722:Colin Buchanan 1718:civil engineer 1681:Preston Bypass 1676: 1673: 1590:Roads Act 1920 1575: 1572: 1475:turnpike trust 1433:Turnpike trust 1428: 1425: 1421:Watling Street 1400: 1397: 1343: 1342: 1322: 1320: 1295: 1294:Medieval roads 1292: 1284:Hadrian's Wall 1196: 1193: 1172: 1169: 1167: 1164: 1097: 1096: 1077: 1075: 1068: 1062: 1059: 994:Main article: 991: 988: 929:Main article: 926: 923: 921: 918: 886: 885: 882: 879: 876: 873: 870: 867: 863: 862: 859: 856: 853: 850: 847: 844: 840: 839: 836: 833: 830: 827: 824: 821: 818: 814: 813: 810: 807: 804: 801: 798: 795: 791: 790: 787: 784: 781: 778: 775: 772: 761: 760: 757: 754: 751: 748: 745: 742: 731: 730: 727: 724: 721: 718: 715: 712: 704: 703: 700: 697: 694: 691: 688: 685: 680:, car-derived 670: 669: 666: 663: 660: 657: 654: 650: 649: 646: 643: 639: 638: 635: 582: 579: 560:miles per hour 556:European route 536:Main article: 533: 530: 470: 467: 372:Main article: 369: 366: 294: 287: 286: 282: 275: 274: 270: 263: 262: 258: 251: 250: 249: 245: 244: 243: 242: 234: 233:Classification 231: 196:county council 142: 141:Administration 139: 133: 130: 116:campaigns and 43:speed limiters 39:miles per hour 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7052: 7041: 7038: 7037: 7035: 7020: 7017: 7015: 7012: 7011: 7008: 7002: 6999: 6997: 6994: 6992: 6989: 6987: 6984: 6982: 6979: 6978: 6976: 6970: 6964: 6961: 6959: 6956: 6954: 6951: 6948: 6947: 6945: 6941: 6935: 6932: 6930: 6927: 6925: 6922: 6920: 6917: 6915: 6912: 6910: 6909:Noise barrier 6907: 6905: 6902: 6900: 6897: 6895: 6892: 6890: 6887: 6884: 6882: 6879: 6877: 6874: 6872: 6869: 6867: 6866:Cable barrier 6864: 6862: 6859: 6857: 6854: 6853: 6851: 6847: 6841: 6838: 6836: 6833: 6831: 6828: 6826: 6823: 6821: 6818: 6816: 6815:Traffic lanes 6813: 6811: 6808: 6806: 6803: 6801: 6798: 6796: 6793: 6791: 6788: 6786: 6783: 6781: 6778: 6776: 6773: 6771: 6768: 6766: 6763: 6761: 6758: 6756: 6755:Refuge island 6753: 6751: 6748: 6746: 6743: 6741: 6738: 6736: 6733: 6731: 6728: 6726: 6723: 6721: 6720:Living street 6718: 6715: 6713: 6710: 6708: 6705: 6703: 6700: 6698: 6695: 6693: 6690: 6688: 6687:Climbing lane 6685: 6683: 6680: 6678: 6675: 6674: 6672: 6670: 6664: 6654: 6651: 6649: 6646: 6644: 6641: 6639: 6636: 6634: 6631: 6630: 6628: 6624: 6618: 6615: 6613: 6610: 6608: 6605: 6603: 6600: 6598: 6595: 6594: 6592: 6590: 6589:Human factors 6586: 6580: 6577: 6575: 6572: 6570: 6567: 6565: 6562: 6560: 6557: 6555: 6554:Traffic light 6552: 6550: 6547: 6545: 6542: 6540: 6537: 6535: 6532: 6530: 6527: 6525: 6522: 6520: 6517: 6515: 6512: 6510: 6507: 6505: 6504:Oversize load 6502: 6500: 6497: 6495: 6494:Manhole cover 6492: 6490: 6487: 6485: 6482: 6480: 6477: 6475: 6472: 6470: 6467: 6465: 6462: 6460: 6457: 6455: 6452: 6450: 6447: 6445: 6442: 6440: 6437: 6436: 6434: 6428: 6425: 6423: 6417: 6411: 6408: 6406: 6403: 6401: 6398: 6396: 6393: 6391: 6388: 6386: 6383: 6381: 6378: 6376: 6373: 6371: 6368: 6366: 6363: 6361: 6358: 6356: 6353: 6351: 6348: 6346: 6343: 6341: 6338: 6336: 6333: 6331: 6328: 6326: 6325:Crushed stone 6323: 6321: 6318: 6316: 6313: 6309: 6306: 6305: 6304: 6301: 6299: 6296: 6294: 6291: 6288: 6286: 6283: 6281: 6278: 6277: 6275: 6273: 6269: 6259: 6256: 6254: 6251: 6249: 6246: 6244: 6241: 6239: 6236: 6234: 6231: 6229: 6226: 6224: 6221: 6219: 6216: 6214: 6211: 6209: 6208:Michigan left 6206: 6204: 6201: 6199: 6196: 6194: 6191: 6189: 6186: 6184: 6181: 6179: 6176: 6174: 6171: 6170: 6168: 6165: 6160:Intersections 6156: 6150: 6147: 6145: 6142: 6140: 6137: 6135: 6132: 6130: 6127: 6125: 6122: 6120: 6117: 6115: 6112: 6110: 6109:Directional T 6107: 6105: 6102: 6100: 6097: 6095: 6092: 6091: 6089: 6084: 6078: 6073: 6070: 6068: 6064: 6054: 6051: 6049: 6046: 6044: 6041: 6039: 6036: 6032: 6029: 6027: 6026:special route 6024: 6023: 6022: 6019: 6017: 6014: 6012: 6009: 6007: 6004: 6002: 5999: 5998: 5996: 5992: 5986: 5983: 5980: 5978: 5975: 5973: 5970: 5968: 5965: 5962: 5960: 5957: 5955: 5952: 5950: 5947: 5945: 5944:Frontage road 5942: 5940: 5937: 5935: 5932: 5930: 5927: 5925: 5922: 5920: 5917: 5915: 5912: 5910: 5907: 5904: 5903: 5901: 5897: 5891: 5888: 5886: 5883: 5881: 5878: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5861: 5858: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5848: 5846: 5843: 5841: 5838: 5836: 5833: 5831: 5828: 5826: 5823: 5821: 5820:Arterial road 5818: 5817: 5815: 5811: 5805: 5804:United States 5802: 5800: 5797: 5795: 5792: 5790: 5787: 5785: 5782: 5780: 5777: 5775: 5772: 5770: 5767: 5765: 5762: 5760: 5757: 5755: 5752: 5750: 5747: 5745: 5742: 5740: 5737: 5735: 5732: 5730: 5727: 5725: 5722: 5720: 5717: 5715: 5712: 5710: 5707: 5705: 5702: 5701: 5699: 5697: 5693: 5687: 5684: 5682: 5679: 5677: 5674: 5672: 5669: 5668: 5666: 5664: 5660: 5657: 5655: 5654:Types of road 5651: 5647: 5644: 5637: 5632: 5630: 5625: 5623: 5618: 5617: 5614: 5602: 5599: 5597: 5594: 5592: 5589: 5587: 5584: 5582: 5579: 5577: 5576:Faroe Islands 5574: 5572: 5569: 5568: 5566: 5560: 5554: 5551: 5549: 5548:South Ossetia 5546: 5544: 5541: 5539: 5536: 5534: 5531: 5530: 5528: 5522: 5516: 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2040: 2030: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2011: 2009: 2005: 2001: 1996: 1994: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1973: 1970: 1967: 1966:Planning Bill 1962: 1960: 1955: 1951: 1949: 1943: 1942:White Paper. 1941: 1937: 1931: 1921: 1919: 1914: 1911: 1907: 1906: 1905:New Scientist 1901: 1897: 1892: 1890: 1886: 1880: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1865:direct action 1862: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1843: 1839: 1834: 1830: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1795: 1785: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1766: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1747: 1744: 1738: 1733: 1729: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1706: 1700: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1672: 1670: 1665: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1646:Leslie Burgin 1643: 1639: 1635: 1630: 1628: 1623: 1618: 1614: 1609: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1585: 1581: 1571: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1551: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1516:Rebecca Riots 1513: 1508: 1506: 1502: 1497: 1495: 1490: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1471:Hertfordshire 1468: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1448: 1443: 1438: 1434: 1424: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1413:Ermine Street 1410: 1406: 1396: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1371:, towns with 1370: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1339: 1330: 1326: 1323:This section 1321: 1318: 1314: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1304:Drovers' road 1301: 1291: 1287: 1285: 1277: 1276:Antonine Wall 1269: 1265: 1260: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1245: 1240: 1236: 1235: 1230: 1226: 1225: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1202: 1195:Roman Britain 1192: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1163: 1161: 1152: 1150: 1149:Staffordshire 1146: 1142: 1138: 1133: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1118: 1113: 1108: 1104: 1093: 1090:November 2017 1081: 1076: 1067: 1066: 1058: 1056: 1052: 1047: 1045: 1041: 1036: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1021: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1003: 997: 987: 985: 981: 977: 973: 969: 965: 961: 957: 950: 946: 942: 937: 932: 917: 915: 911: 907: 903: 899: 897: 893: 883: 880: 877: 871: 865: 864: 860: 854: 848: 842: 841: 837: 831: 825: 819: 815: 811: 805: 799: 792: 788: 782: 776: 770: 767:, Minibus or 766: 762: 758: 752: 746: 740: 737:, Minibus or 736: 732: 728: 722: 716: 710: 705: 701: 695: 689: 683: 679: 675: 671: 667: 664: 661: 658: 655: 652: 651: 640: 632: 626: 624: 623:built-up area 620: 616: 612: 610: 606: 602: 601:Great Britain 598: 592: 588: 578: 576: 572: 567: 565: 561: 557: 553: 544: 539: 529: 526: 519: 514: 508: 504: 500: 496: 492: 488: 484: 480: 476: 466: 464: 460: 456: 452: 447: 445: 441: 437: 433: 429: 425: 421: 417: 413: 409: 405: 404:Scotch Corner 401: 397: 393: 389: 384: 380: 375: 365: 363: 357: 354: 351: 348: 344: 342: 341:primary route 338: 334: 330: 326: 322: 318: 314: 310: 306: 291: 279: 271:Primary route 267: 255: 240: 230: 223: 218: 216: 211: 209: 205: 201: 197: 193: 189: 185: 180: 176: 172: 168: 164: 160: 156: 152: 148: 138: 129: 125: 123: 119: 115: 114:direct action 109: 107: 103: 99: 95: 91: 87: 83: 79: 75: 67: 62: 58: 56: 52: 51:Great Britain 48: 44: 40: 36: 32: 27: 19: 6934:Traffic cone 6924:Rumble strip 6825:Truck bypass 6780:Shared space 6740:Passing lane 6725:Managed lane 6682:Bicycle lane 6564:Washboarding 6559:Traffic sign 6484:Hairpin turn 6253:Texas U-turn 6183:Box junction 6077:Interchanges 6021:Route number 5929:Country lane 5798: 5671:Bike freeway 5553:Transnistria 5514: 5130:B-road lists 5069:A-road lists 5003: 4923: 4910: 4900: 4890: 4878: 4868: 4867:Moran, Joe. 4858: 4848: 4838: 4831: 4821: 4811: 4801: 4797: 4774: 4760: 4748:. Retrieved 4743: 4734: 4722:. Retrieved 4718: 4709: 4697:. Retrieved 4694:Auto Express 4693: 4684: 4672:. Retrieved 4670:. March 2018 4667: 4658: 4646: 4637: 4628: 4616: 4604:. Retrieved 4599: 4589: 4577:. Retrieved 4567: 4555:. Retrieved 4550: 4540: 4528:. Retrieved 4518: 4506:. Retrieved 4496: 4484:. Retrieved 4480:the original 4475: 4466: 4454:. Retrieved 4450:the original 4445: 4436: 4424:. Retrieved 4419: 4410: 4398:. Retrieved 4393: 4384: 4376: 4362: 4356: 4344:. Retrieved 4339: 4330: 4318:. Retrieved 4314: 4305: 4294: 4285: 4273:. Retrieved 4263: 4251:. Retrieved 4247:the original 4237: 4225:. Retrieved 4220: 4210: 4198:. Retrieved 4193: 4184: 4172:. Retrieved 4167: 4158: 4146:. Retrieved 4141: 4132: 4120:. Retrieved 4116:the original 4111: 4101: 4089:. Retrieved 4085:the original 4080: 4070: 4058:. Retrieved 4044: 4032: 4020:. Retrieved 4015: 4006: 3994:. Retrieved 3990:the original 3985: 3976: 3964:. Retrieved 3959: 3950: 3938:. Retrieved 3931:the original 3918: 3906:. 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Retrieved 2099:the original 2042: 2014: 2012: 1997: 1974: 1971: 1963: 1956: 1952: 1944: 1933: 1915: 1903: 1893: 1881: 1861:Twyford Down 1846: 1842:Twyford Down 1826: 1804:M25 motorway 1797: 1782:The Troubles 1767: 1763:Archway Road 1748: 1745: 1736: 1734: 1730: 1720:and planner 1703: 1701: 1678: 1666: 1662:World War II 1631: 1610: 1587: 1552: 1509: 1498: 1491: 1473:. The first 1452: 1405:Icknield Way 1402: 1369:market towns 1346: 1336:January 2008 1333: 1329:adding to it 1324: 1288: 1274:AD, and the 1261: 1242: 1232: 1222: 1204: 1174: 1153: 1134: 1114: 1110: 1087: 1079: 1048: 1037: 1023:Since 2006, 1022: 999: 966:in the 1888 963: 959: 953: 949:Great Wyrley 908:, automated 900: 892:traffic flow 889: 637:Speed limit 613: 605:Highway Code 594: 568: 549: 524: 523: 448: 381:are usually 378: 377: 361: 359: 355: 352: 349: 346: 340: 337:zonal system 301: 220:Since 2008, 219: 212: 144: 135: 132:Road network 126: 110: 71: 53:, whilst in 45:. A unified 28: 26: 18:Primary road 6972:Performance 6904:Kassel kerb 6861:Botts' dots 6849:Demarcation 6549:Storm drain 6514:Road debris 6439:Aquaplaning 6432:environment 6420:Road safety 6298:Cobblestone 6248:Superstreet 6053:Winter road 6001:Concurrency 5994:Other terms 5985:Sunken lane 5954:Main street 5899:Local roads 5591:Isle of Man 5526:recognition 5500:Switzerland 5435:Netherlands 5195:Other lists 4606:31 December 4526:. indymedia 4486:18 November 4426:18 November 4400:18 November 4346:31 December 4227:28 December 4200:18 November 4174:18 November 4148:18 November 4122:18 November 4091:28 December 4060:18 November 4022:31 December 3996:31 December 3966:31 December 3874:18 November 3708:18 November 3643:18 November 3588:18 November 3360:5 September 3337:18 November 3283:18 November 3253:18 November 3224:28 December 2932:23 November 2906:18 November 2880:18 November 2824:18 November 2723:18 November 2697:10 February 2641:18 November 2615:18 November 2589:18 November 2567:29 December 2541:29 December 2512:29 December 2392:27 December 2345:18 November 2323:18 November 2301:18 November 2275:18 November 2253:10 December 2231:18 November 2162:14 November 2105:19 November 1936:multi-modal 1918:M3 motorway 1877:East London 1853:M3 motorway 1840:cutting at 1838:M3 motorway 1811:White Paper 1774:M1 motorway 1685:M6 motorway 1613:World War I 1598:excise duty 1528:transported 1349:Middle Ages 1300:Corpse road 1224:Camulodunum 1215:Richborough 711:or trailer 518:M5 motorway 444:Cumbernauld 396:Crianlarich 362:Expressways 315:, although 82:Middle Ages 6974:indicators 6943:Structures 6894:Guard rail 6770:Road verge 6643:Seat belts 6579:Snowsquall 6544:Speed bump 6524:Road train 6345:Glassphalt 6285:Bioasphalt 6258:Turnaround 6233:Roundabout 6163:(at-grade) 6129:Roundabout 6094:Cloverleaf 5949:Green lane 5885:Trunk road 5813:Main roads 5696:By country 5470:San Marino 5430:Montenegro 5410:Luxembourg 5390:Kazakhstan 5293:Azerbaijan 5039:Road signs 4579:8 November 4557:8 November 4530:13 January 4508:16 January 4275:8 November 4253:8 November 3940:8 November 3908:7 November 3614:23 January 3485:12 January 3104:(Word DOC) 2998:15 October 2958:13 January 2196:|url= 2078:References 2071:See also: 2044:Road names 1928:See also: 1849:John Major 1792:See also: 1778:oil crisis 1697:Berrygrove 1578:See also: 1431:See also: 1393:graveyards 1385:Walsingham 1383:, such as 1298:See also: 1249:Gloucester 1244:Viroconium 1219:Colchester 1211:Chichester 1199:See also: 1177:Shrewsbury 1101:See also: 1010:Birmingham 941:toll plaza 910:in-vehicle 906:speed guns 678:motorcycle 585:See also: 327:) and the 237:See also: 6765:Road diet 6667:Space and 6612:Road rage 6499:Oil spill 6459:Crosswind 6449:Black ice 6444:Avalanche 6370:Permeable 6203:Jughandle 6198:Hook turn 6104:Free-flow 6048:Toll road 5967:Side road 5924:Boulevard 5880:Super two 5875:Ring road 5850:Link road 5749:Hong Kong 5704:Australia 5646:hierarchy 5581:Gibraltar 5405:Lithuania 5212:Motorways 5207:Junctions 4456:1 January 4112:The Times 3822:The Times 3528:The Times 3169:16 August 3113:1 October 3085:1 October 2850:5 January 2819:Directgov 2781:27 August 2421:1 January 1993:Inverness 1975:In 2011, 1898:report, " 1788:1979–1997 1714:architect 1675:1950–1979 1594:Road Fund 1574:1900–1950 1532:Australia 1501:enclosing 1494:mortgages 1417:Fosse Way 1379:visiting 1308:Salt road 1181:Geldeston 1139:from the 1130:Wakefield 1033:in Durham 1029:in London 976:fuel duty 972:Road Fund 707:Car with 648:Motorway 611:applies. 424:sea ports 416:A66 roads 388:Llangurig 208:DfI Roads 66:Yorkshire 7034:Category 6953:Causeway 6790:Shoulder 6626:Vehicles 6574:Whiteout 6534:Rockfall 6529:Roadkill 6454:Bleeding 6430:Road and 6390:Sealcoat 6315:Corduroy 6303:Concrete 6293:Chipseal 6272:Surfaces 6124:Raindrop 5939:Driveway 5934:Dead end 5914:Backroad 5865:2+2 road 5860:2+1 road 5784:Portugal 5774:Pakistan 5601:Svalbard 5586:Guernsey 5533:Abkhazia 5485:Slovenia 5480:Slovakia 5455:Portugal 5313:Bulgaria 5011:Articles 4903:(2023) 4806:abstract 4750:10 April 4744:BBC News 4724:10 April 4699:10 April 4674:10 April 4638:BBC News 4553:. London 4420:BBC News 4394:BBC News 4320:11 March 4221:BBC News 4194:BBC News 3163:BBC News 3141:16 March 3048:Archived 3019:Archived 2992:BBC News 2952:BBC News 2926:BBC News 2844:BBC News 2757:BBC News 2667:30 March 2561:BBC News 2535:BBC News 2506:BBC News 2415:BBC News 2187:cite web 2050:See also 2019:Net Zero 1989:Aberdeen 1987:between 1894:A major 1859:through 1823:bypasses 1755:ringways 1691:between 1650:autobahn 1622:bypasses 1377:pilgrims 1264:Scotland 1239:Wroxeter 1171:Iron Age 1145:Tamworth 1126:Barnsley 1124:between 962:and the 552:European 461:and the 420:airports 400:Scotland 331:(modern 259:Motorway 163:Scotland 90:Scotland 6856:Bollard 6840:Woonerf 6569:Washout 6509:Pothole 6422:factors 6410:Texture 6380:Plastic 6360:Macadam 6149:Trumpet 6099:Diamond 5870:Parkway 5845:Highway 5759:Ireland 5739:Germany 5729:Croatia 5709:Belgium 5510:Ukraine 5460:Romania 5420:Moldova 5378:Ireland 5373:Iceland 5368:Hungary 5358:Germany 5353:Georgia 5343:Finland 5338:Estonia 5333:Denmark 5318:Croatia 5303:Belgium 5298:Belarus 5288:Austria 5283:Armenia 5278:Andorra 5273:Albania 5034:Odonymy 5029:Driving 4893:(1958) 3806:Autocar 3516:, p.131 1857:cutting 1819:billion 1654:Germany 1455:England 1447:Lazonby 1389:corpses 1381:shrines 1373:bridges 1229:Lincoln 1191:tribe. 1185:Norfolk 1166:History 1080:updated 1018:Dulwich 1006:M6 Toll 945:M6 Toll 943:on the 709:caravan 581:Driving 532:Signage 440:Chatham 432:tunnels 428:bridges 155:England 6949:Bridge 6633:Airbag 6405:Tarmac 6350:Gravel 6178:Bowtie 6119:Parclo 6043:Stroad 6006:Detour 5981:Street 5909:Avenue 5794:Taiwan 5779:Poland 5744:Greece 5719:Canada 5714:Brazil 5596:Jersey 5538:Kosovo 5505:Turkey 5495:Sweden 5475:Serbia 5465:Russia 5450:Poland 5445:Norway 5425:Monaco 5395:Latvia 5363:Greece 5348:France 5323:Cyprus 4915:online 4895:online 4883:online 4873:online 4863:online 4853:online 4843:online 4826:online 4816:online 4668:GOV.UK 4369: 4051: 3899: 3843: 3556: 3508: 3433: 3408: 3383: 3311: 3192: 2775:UK Gov 2719:. 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