Primo Levi - Knowledge

1230: 921:'s physical and psychological health declined. Lorenzo had been a civilian forced worker in Auschwitz, who for six months had given part of his ration and a piece of bread to Levi without asking for anything in return. The gesture saved Levi's life. In his memoir, Levi contrasted Lorenzo with everyone else in the camp, prisoners and guards alike, as someone who managed to preserve his humanity. After the war, Lorenzo could not cope with the memories of what he had seen and descended into alcoholism. Levi made several trips to rescue his old friend from the streets, but in 1952 Lorenzo died. In gratitude for his kindness in Auschwitz, Levi named both of his children, Lisa Lorenza and Renzo, after him. 689: 430:," a mixture of racial and ideological antisemitic theories from ancient and modern sources. This treatise formed the basis for the Italian Racial Laws of October 1938. After its enactment Italian Jews lost their basic civil rights, positions in public offices, and their assets. Their books were prohibited: Jewish writers could no longer publish in magazines owned by Aryans. Jewish students who had begun their course of study were permitted to continue, but new Jewish students were barred from entering university. Levi had matriculated a year earlier than scheduled enabling him to take a degree. 423:, which established Catholicism as the State religion, allowed the Church to influence many sectors of education and public life, and relegated other religions to the status of "tolerated cults". In 1936 Italy's conquest of Ethiopia and the expansion of what the regime regarded as the Italian "colonial empire" brought the question of "race" to the forefront. In the context set by these events, and the 1940 alliance with Hitler's Germany, the situation of the Jews of Italy changed radically. 1284:) was published. In it he tried to analyse why people behaved the way they did at Auschwitz and why some survived whilst others perished. In his typical style, he makes no judgments but presents the evidence and asks the questions. For example, one essay examines what he calls "The grey zone", those Jews who did the Germans' dirty work for them and kept the rest of the prisoners in line. He questioned, what made a concert violinist behave as a callous taskmaster? 4225: 592: 3944:"... nei Lager tedeschi la strage era pressoché totale: non si fermava neppure davanti ai bambini, che furono uccisi nelle camere a gas a centinaia di migliaia, cosa unica fra tutte le atrocità della storia umana." "... in the German camps the massacre was almost total: it did not even stop in front of children, who were killed in the gas chambers by the hundreds of thousands, something unique among all of the 741: 484:. The project was to extract nickel from the mine spoil, a challenge he accepted with pleasure. Levi later understood that, if successful, he would be aiding the German war effort, which was suffering nickel shortages in the production of armaments. The job required Levi to work under a false name with false papers. Three months later, in March 1942, his father died. Levi left the mine in June to work in 285: 2291:

in his family. What he didn’t know about it was that it had come out not once but twice in his grandfather’s generation and he did not know that Michele himself had thrown himself to his death from a height, as he himself would do 99 years later. Michele had even leapt into a small inner courtyard, as he would leapt from a stairwell.'

871:. Every day he scribbled notes on train tickets and scraps of paper as memories came to him. At the end of February, he had ten pages detailing the last ten days between the German evacuation and the arrival of the Red Army. For the next ten months, the book took shape in his dormitory as he typed up his recollections each night. 1552:, Rwandan genocide survivor Kate Ashby has a therapy session addressing her survivors' guilt and suicide attempt. She tells her therapist that she has read the Primo Levi book he'd assigned her and that if she chooses to attempt suicide, she'll "take a leaf out of Mr Levi's book and jump straight out the window." 438:“To see Sandro in the mountains reconciled you with the world and made you forget the nightmare weighing on Europe He stirred in me a new communion with earth and sky, in which my need for freedom, the fullness of my powers, and the hunger to understand things that had driven me to chemistry converged.” 1397:

noted that Levi left no suicide note, nor any other indication that he was considering suicide. Documents and testimony suggested that he had plans for both the short- and longer-term at the time. In the days before his death, he had complained to his physician of dizziness due to an operation he had

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Levi died on 11 April 1987 after a fall from the interior landing of his third-story apartment in Turin to the ground floor below. The coroner ruled his death a suicide. Three of his biographers (Angier, Thomson and Anissimov) agreed, but other writers (including at least one who knew him personally)

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into English, and it was published in the UK in 1959 by Orion Press. Also in 1959 Heinz Riedt, also under close supervision by Levi, translated it into German. As one of Levi's primary reasons for writing the book was to get the German people to realise what had been done in their name, and to accept

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At the end of June 1947, Levi suddenly left DUCO and teamed up with an old friend Alberto Salmoni to run a chemical consultancy from the top floor of Salmoni's parents' house. Many of Levi's experiences of this time found their way into his later writing. They made most of their money from making and

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uniform, he returned to Corso Re Umberto. The next few months gave him an opportunity to recover physically, re-establish contact with surviving friends and family, and start looking for work. Levi suffered from the psychological trauma of his experiences. Having been unable to find work in Turin, he

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We were given, on a regular basis, a food ration destined for the soldiers and at the end of January 1944, we were taken to Fossoli on a passenger train. Our conditions in the camp were quite good. There was no talk of executions and the atmosphere was quite calm. We were allowed to keep the money we

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was published, Levi stated that he did not hate German people because hating a whole ethnic group would be too much like Nazism. However, he also stated that he did not forgive "the culprits". According to Levi, the German people largely knew about the concentration camps but did not know the extent

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He published two volumes of science fiction short stories under the pen name of Damiano Malabaila, which explored ethical and philosophical questions. These imagined the effects on society of inventions which many would consider beneficial, but which, he saw, would have serious implications. Many of

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on 27 January 1945. Before their arrival, people were sorted according to whether they could work or not. An acquaintance said that it would make no difference, in the end, and declared he was unable to work and was killed immediately. Of the 650 Italian Jews in his transport, Levi was one of twenty

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Penguin 2002 p.35:'Although Cesare never talked about his father he called his son after him, Primo Michele – I don’t know whether Primo thought of this as a fateful link but at the end of his life he thought more than once of his grandfather. Several times he spoke of a hereditary taint of suicide

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In 1950, having demonstrated his chemical talents to Accatti, Levi was promoted to Technical Director at SIVA. As SIVA's principal chemist and troubleshooter, Levi travelled abroad. He made several trips to Germany and carefully engineered his contacts with senior German businessmen and scientists.

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His view was that the Nazi death camps and the attempted annihilation of the Jews were a horror unique in history because the goal was the complete destruction of a race by one that saw itself as superior. He noted that it was highly organized and mechanized; it entailed the degradation of Jews to

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In 1963, he suffered his first major bout of depression. At the time he had two young children, and a responsible job at a factory where accidents could and did have terrible consequences. He travelled and became a public figure. But the memory of what happened less than twenty years earlier still

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for the Swiss firm of A Wander Ltd on a project to extract an anti-diabetic from vegetable matter. Recruited through a fellow student at Turin University, he took the job in a Swiss company to escape the race laws. It soon became clear that the project had no chance of succeeding, but it was in no

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division, and spent every Saturday during the season on the slopes above Turin. As a young boy Levi was plagued by illness, particularly chest infections, but he was keen to participate in physical activity. In his teens, Levi and a few friends would sneak into a disused sports stadium and conduct

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Royal Gymnasium a year ahead of normal entrance requirements. In class he was the youngest, the shortest and the cleverest, as well as being the only Jew. Only two boys there bullied him for being Jewish, but their animosity was traumatic. In August 1932, following two years attendance also at the

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Levi knew some German from reading German publications on chemistry; he worked to orient quickly to life in the camp without attracting the attention of the privileged inmates. He used bread to pay a more experienced Italian prisoner for German lessons and orientation in Auschwitz. He was given a

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primary school in Turin. A thin and delicate child, he was shy and considered himself ugly; he excelled academically. His school record includes long periods of absence during which he was tutored at home, at first by Emilia Glauda and then by Marisa Zini, daughter of philosopher Zino Zini. The

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and included "collective condemnations, coloured by the author's rage, of the German people". However, Levi's opinion of Germans improved through his friendship with a German woman named Hety Schmitt-Maas. Her father had lost his job and she had been expelled from school due to their anti-Nazi

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was published with a print run of 2,000 copies. In April 1948, with Lucia pregnant with their first child, Levi decided that the life of an independent chemist was too precarious. He agreed to work for Accatti in the family paint business which traded under the name SIVA. In October 1948, his

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Thomson 2019 p. 44:'Half a century later, he could still remember 200 words, but had little idea what they meant. The sole aim of the Torah, it seemed to Levi was to teach boys how to read their prayer books so fluently that their grandparents could reap honours with them on Bar Mitzvah

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is a collection of mostly autobiographical short stories and also includes two fictional stories that he wrote while being employed in 1941 at the asbestos mine in San Vittore. Each story is named after a chemical element and the story matter is related to that element. At London's

1386:, Levi telephoned him for the first time ten minutes before the incident. Levi said he found it impossible to look at his mother, who was ill with cancer, without recalling the faces of people stretched out on benches in Auschwitz. The Nobel laureate and fellow Holocaust survivor 396:: "We have the singular merit of being brave to the utmost degree." Distracted and terrified by the draft accusation, he failed the exam—the first poor grade of his life—and was devastated. His father was able to keep him out of the Navy by enrolling him in the Fascist militia ( 1381:

In his later life, Levi indicated that he was suffering from depression; factors likely included responsibility for his elderly mother and mother-in-law, with whom he was living, and lingering traumatic memories of his experiences. According to the chief rabbi of Rome

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Fossoli was then taken over by the Germans, who started arranging the deportations of the Jews to eastern concentration and death camps. On the second of these transports, on 21 February 1944, Levi and other inmates were transported in twelve cramped cattle trucks to

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is difficult to categorize. Some reviews describe it as a collection of stories about work and workers told by a narrator who resembles Levi. Others have called it a novel, created by the linked stories and characters. Set in the Fiat-run Russian company town of

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On 22 December 1946, the manuscript was complete. Lucia, who now reciprocated Levi's love, helped him to edit it, to make the narrative flow more naturally. In January 1947, Levi was taking the finished manuscript around to publishers. It was rejected by

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Levi is frequently referred to as a "Holocaust writer", a label he disliked. He is considered to have composed some of the most important writing about the Holocaust which has greatly contributed to the memory and understanding of the Holocaust.

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Although liberated on 27 January 1945, Levi did not reach Turin until 19 October 1945. After spending some time in a Soviet camp for former concentration camp inmates, he embarked on an arduous journey home in the company of former Italian

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children spent summers with their mother in the Waldensian valleys southwest of Turin, where Rina rented a farmhouse. His father remained in the city, partly because of his dislike of the rural life, but also because of his infidelities.

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In the liberal period as well as in the first decade of the Fascist regime, Jews held many public positions, and were prominent in literature, science and politics. In 1929 Mussolini signed an agreement with the Catholic Church, the

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Levi died in 1987 from injuries sustained in a fall from a third-story apartment landing. His death was officially ruled a suicide, although this has been disputed by some of his friends and associates and attributed to an accident.

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In 1939, Levi discovered a passion for mountain hiking. A friend, Sandro Delmastro, taught him how to hike, and they spent many weekends in the mountains above Turin. Levi later wrote about this time in the chapter "Iron" in

825:. His long railway journey home to Turin took him on a circuitous route from Poland, through Belarus, Ukraine, Romania, Hungary, Austria, and Germany – an arduous journey described especially in his 1963 work 891:, an opinion which contributed to the neglect of his work in that country for four decades. The social wounds of the war years were still too fresh, and he had no literary experience to give him a reputation as an author. 864:

paint factory outside Turin. Because of the extremely limited train service, Levi stayed in the factory dormitory during the week. This gave him the opportunity to write undisturbed. He started to write the first draft of

1322:, in her biography of Levi, describes how she tracked some of these essays down. She wrote that others were being kept from public view by Levi's close friends, to whom he gave them, and they may have been destroyed. 936:

to mark the ninth anniversary of the camp's liberation from the Nazis. Levi dutifully attended many such anniversary events over the years and recounted his own experiences. In July 1957, his son Renzo was born.

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At a Jewish New Year party in 1946, he met Lucia Morpurgo, who offered to teach him to dance. Levi fell in love with Lucia. At about this time, he started writing poetry about his experiences in Auschwitz.

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burned in his mind. Today the link between such trauma and depression is better understood. Doctors prescribed several different drugs over the years, but these had variable efficacy and side effects.

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had brought with us and to receive money from the outside. We worked in the kitchen in turn and performed other services in the camp. We even prepared a dining room, a rather sparse one, I must admit.

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became increasingly active in the German-occupied zone. Levi and some comrades took to the foothills of the Alps, and in October formed a partisan group in the hope of being affiliated to the liberal

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Eventually, Levi found a publisher, Franco Antonicelli, through a friend of his sister's. Antonicelli was an amateur publisher, but as an active anti-Fascist, he supported the idea of the book.

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Einaudi vol. 1 1987 pp. 464–473 . The vignette commemorates the memory of his friend, who was indifferent to Levi's Jewish origins, and who was the first resistance fighter of the anti-fascist

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eulogized him as someone who "set out systematically to remember the German hell on earth, steadfastly to think it through, and then to render it comprehensible in lucid, unpretentious prose".

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texts, is dedicated to the memory of Levi, "who had the moral fortitude to refuse false consolation even while enduring the 'selection' process in Auschwitz". The dedication quotes Levi in

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became a standard text in Italian schools. In 1985, he flew to the United States for a 20-day speaking tour. Although he was accompanied by Lucia, the trip was very draining for him.

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in freezing outdoor temperatures he was able to survive; also, by stealing materials from the laboratory and trading them for extra food. Shortly before the camp was liberated by the

1402:, a close friend of Levi, agreed. "As a chemical engineer," she said, "he might have chosen a better way than jumping into a narrow stairwell with the risk of remaining paralyzed." 1226:, a country formed partly by Jewish survivors who lived through horrors similar to those Levi described, many of his works were not translated and published until after his death. 1046:

In 1974 Levi arranged to go into semi-retirement from SIVA in order to have more time to write. He also wanted to escape the burden of responsibility for managing the paint plant.

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Because of the new racial laws and the increasing intensity of prevalent fascism, Levi had difficulty finding an advisor for his Ph.D dissertation, which was on the subject of

1208:. At one point in the journey, a band of Zionists hitched their wagon to the refugee train. Levi was impressed by their strength, resolve, organisation, and sense of purpose. 4061: 6408: 1443:

in Paris to provide services to torture survivors. The Center was named for Levi because his name is "synonymous with the refusal of inhuman, cruel and degrading treatment".

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in 1979 and brought Levi a wider audience in Italy, though left-wing critics regretted that he did not describe the harsh working conditions on the assembly lines at Fiat.

373:, who later became one of Italy's best-known novelists. Levi continued to be bullied during his time at the Lyceum, although six other Jews were in his class. Upon reading 6626: 6763: 6714: 1398:

undergone some three weeks earlier. After visiting the apartment complex, Gambetta suggested that Levi lost his balance and fell accidentally. The Nobel laureate

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to fall in action when he was shot in the neck by a burst of a machine-gun wielded by a 'monstruous child-executor', a paid-up adolescent henchman of the diehard

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to a site further from the front, which resulted in the deaths of the vast majority of the remaining prisoners on the march. Levi's illness spared him this fate.

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beliefs. For 17 years, Levi and Schmitt-Maas discussed "their shared hatred of Nazism" together in their letters to each other until Schmitt-Maas died in 1983.

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on Turin began two days later. Levi's studies continued during the bombardments. The family suffered additional strain as his father became bedridden with

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The Primo Levi Center, a non-profit organisation dedicated to studying the history and culture of Italian Jewry, was established in New York City in 2003.

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The SIVA factory has been turned into the Museo della Chimica, a chemistry museum for children. Levi's former office now holds an exhibit about his life.

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In 1977 at the age of 58, Levi retired as a part-time consultant at the SIVA paint factory to devote himself full-time to writing. Like all his books,

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skills; many stories come from the author's personal experience. The underlying philosophy is that pride in one's work is necessary for fulfilment.

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of the atrocities occurring there. However, "most Germans didn’t know because they didn’t want to know. Because, indeed, they wanted not to know".

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for mirror makers, delivering the unstable chemical by bicycle across the city. The attempts to make lipsticks from reptile excreta and a coloured

473:. His degree certificate bore the remark, "of Jewish race". The racial laws prevented Levi from finding a suitable permanent job after graduation. 1173:

behind German lines during World War II as they seek to survive and continue their fight against the occupier. With the ultimate goal of reaching

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to coat teeth were turned into short stories. Accidents in their laboratory filled the Salmoni house with unpleasant smells and corrosive gases.

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at the rate of about one a week. The essays ranged from book reviews and ponderings about strange things in nature, to fictional short stories.

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in Auschwitz and witnesses them discuss how they should write about the Holocaust. Levi says they should be "accurate and dispassionate" while

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atom. Eventually taken on by Dr. Nicolò Dallaporta, he graduated in mid-1941 with full marks and merit, having submitted additional theses on

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In 2008, the City of Turin and other partners established the International Primo Levi Studies Center to preserve and promote Levi's legacy.

6565: 6525: 6094: 3323: 992:, as it covers his long return through eastern Europe from Auschwitz. Levi's reputation was growing. He regularly contributed articles to 7370: 4401: 1838: 1099: 512:, a puppet state in German-occupied northern Italy. Levi returned to Turin to find his mother and sister in refuge in their holiday home 228: 160: 760:, one of the three main camps in the Auschwitz concentration camp complex. Levi (record number 174517) spent eleven months there before 6819: 3479: 3089: 1937: 761: 7575: 1342:, about a fictitious weapon that is fatal at close range but harmless more than a meter away. It originally appeared in his 1971 book 7515: 7475: 7460: 7276: 7033: 6010: 3557: 1185:

in territory held by the Western allies. Finally, they succeed in reaching Italy, on their way to Palestine. The novel won both the

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his early works were not accepted by censors as he had portrayed Soviet soldiers as slovenly and disorderly rather than heroic. In

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started to look for work in Milan. On his train journeys, he began to tell people he met stories about his time at Auschwitz.

208:. He was the author of several books, collections of short stories, essays, poems and one novel. His best-known works include 7600: 7215: 4178: 4159: 4140: 4117: 3798: 2656: 1430:, calling him "the visionary of the Holocaust, its presiding spirit and the most perceptive of all writers on this subject." 392:—one day before he was to write a final examination on Italy's participation in the Spanish Civil War, based on a quote from 7525: 4344: 4086: 4020: 2396: 7605: 7455: 3035: 1505:, asserting, "I too entered the Lager as a nonbeliever, and as a nonbeliever I was liberated and have lived to this day." 656: 3118: 7465: 7445: 3480:"Italy commemorates the 2019 International Holocaust Remembrance Day in the USA on the centenary of Primo Levi's birth" 1463:

In 2019, Levi's 100th birthday was commemorated throughout the world, including the United States, Portugal, and Italy.

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to study chemistry. As one of 80 candidates, he spent three months taking lectures, and in February, after passing his

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He became involved in organisations pledged to remembering and recording the horror of the camps. In 1954 he visited

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with the Allies. When the armistice was made public on 8 September, the Germans occupied northern and central Italy,

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of 1938 forced his expulsion. Levi later recounted this series of events in the short story "Fra Diavolo on the Po".

261:, Italy, at Corso Re Umberto 75, into a liberal Jewish family. His father, Cesare, worked for the manufacturing firm 3996:"Primo Levi's Heartbreaking, Heroic Answers to the Most Common Questions He Was Asked About 'Survival in Auschwitz'" 3768: 3753: 831: – noting the millions of displaced people on the roads and trains throughout Europe in that period. 744: 7615: 7470: 4705: 1654:

was the extermination of the Jewish race in Europe, and no one could renounce Judaism; the Nazis considered Jews a

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According to biographer Ian Thomson, Levi intentionally excluded any experiences with Germans who helped him from

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early in 1961; it was published in 1963, almost 16 years after his first book. That year it won the first annual

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who left the camps alive. The average life expectancy of a new entrant at the camp was three to four months.

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It is often reported that Pavese was Levi's teacher of Italian. This is refuted strongly by Thomson (2002).

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In 1921 Anna Maria, Levi's sister, was born; he remained close to her all her life. In 1925 he entered the

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The book was inspired by events during Levi's train journey home after release from the camp, narrated in

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and spent much of his time working abroad in Hungary, where Ganz was based. Cesare was an avid reader and

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In December 1941, Levi received an informal job offer from an Italian officer to work as a chemist at an

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In June 1940, Italy declared war as an ally of Germany against Britain and France, and the first Allied

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school in Turin to pick up the elements of doctrine and culture, he sang in the local synagogue for his

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Levi became a major literary figure in Italy, and his books were translated into many other languages.

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hurriedly evacuated the camp as the Red Army approached, forcing all but the gravely ill on a long

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upon him. Of the many children who were deported to the camps, almost all of them were murdered.

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In 1937, he was summoned before the War Ministry and accused of ignoring a draft notice from the

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However, several of Levi's friends and associates have argued otherwise. The Oxford sociologist

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At the time of his death in April 1987, Levi was working on another selection of essays called

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at least partial responsibility, this translation was perhaps the most significant to him.

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A quotation from Levi appears on the sleeve of the second album by the Welsh rock band

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In March 1985, he wrote the introduction to the re-publication of the autobiography of

1174: 400:). He remained a member through his first year of university, until the passage of the 354: 350: 205: 426:

In July 1938 a group of prominent Italian scientists and intellectuals published the "

7176: 7151: 6965: 6945: 6875: 6870: 6797: 6298: 6269: 6056: 5913: 5881: 5809: 5694: 5630: 5515: 5271: 5048: 4977: 4971: 4876: 4312: 4174: 4155: 4136: 4113: 3969: 3794: 3331: 3252: 3180: 2907: 2895: 2858: 2674: 2652: 2451: 2243: 1648:, though it is a "lugubrious comparison between two models of hell." The goal of the 1557: 1440: 1182: 1105: 899: 888: 558: 427: 378: 233: 5988: 5555: 4811: 4658: 7570: 7363: 7299: 6985: 6930: 6885: 6829: 6650: 6646: 6533: 6517: 6497: 6424: 6184: 6164: 6135: 6062: 5929: 5726: 5614: 5579: 5483: 5419: 5220: 5208: 5147: 5036: 5030: 4995: 4965: 4941: 4823: 4799: 4734: 4623: 4504: 4454: 4422: 4286: 4229: 3244: 2887: 2446: 2233: 2190: 2048: 1734: 1585: 1301: 1196: 1188: 1170: 985: 880: 867: 790: 562: 458: 210: 196: 153: 56: 6151: 4853: 4571: 7166: 7156: 7125: 6995: 6925: 6915: 6910: 6850: 6845: 6771: 6674: 6670: 6553: 6537: 6432: 6294: 6257: 6249: 6233: 6229: 6188: 6143: 6131: 6084: 6020: 5953: 5945: 5790: 5686: 5646: 5598: 5491: 5427: 5395: 5295: 5265: 5236: 5230: 5224: 5204: 5097: 5083: 5060: 4959: 4953: 4817: 4415: 2125: 1888: 1816: 1671: 1139: 918: 818: 805:

and was placed in the camp's sanatorium (camp hospital). On 18 January 1945, the

774: 505: 497: 366: 326: 4307: 4028: 3018: 6975: 6970: 6955: 6935: 6920: 6895: 6855: 6787: 6783: 6739: 6718: 6682: 6614: 6549: 6505: 6468: 6464: 6351: 6314: 6273: 6245: 6212: 6196: 6108: 5969: 5937: 5921: 5873: 5865: 5833: 5774: 5766: 5678: 5606: 5507: 5387: 5259: 5118: 5102: 5054: 4983: 4764: 1394: 876: 530: 420: 3697: 1241: 1233: 7424: 7181: 7171: 7120: 7115: 7058: 6980: 6900: 6840: 6541: 6416: 6306: 6261: 6200: 6176: 6168: 6038: 6034: 5782: 5718: 5662: 5539: 5499: 5459: 5411: 5368: 5344: 5242: 5182: 5024: 4947: 4918: 4906: 4900: 4894: 4782: 4758: 4603: 3973: 3381: 3335: 3256: 3184: 2899: 2455: 2226: 1562: 1540: 1536: 1524:

has Primo Levi's Auschwitz camp number, 174517, tattooed on his left forearm.

1319: 941: 806: 802: 778: 716: 702: 370: 322: 218:

in the United States), his account of the year he spent as a prisoner in the

3248: 947: 407:

He retook and passed his final examinations, and in October enrolled at the

7294: 7240: 7220: 6990: 6860: 6658: 6501: 6400: 6375: 6363: 6318: 6310: 6241: 6139: 6127: 5531: 5475: 5443: 5435: 5327: 5153: 5108: 5012: 4989: 4912: 4888: 4847: 4829: 4682: 4549: 3532:"Lisbon: celebrations for the 100th anniversary of the birth of Primo Levi" 3233:"A Secular Alternative: Primo Levi's Place in American Holocaust Discourse" 2648: 2310: 2179: 1663: 1528: 1521: 1219: 1178: 1149: 964: 925:

Wearing short-sleeved shirts, he made sure they saw his prison camp number

903: 794: 553:. Untrained for such a venture, he and his companions were arrested by the 521: 446: 389: 362: 314: 223: 321:. In 1933, as was expected of all young Italian schoolboys, he joined the 7011: 6950: 6751: 6593: 6440: 6436: 6383: 6290: 5638: 5130: 5066: 4664: 4203:

Giffuni, Cathe. "An English Bibliography of the Writings of Primo Levi,"

2891: 2238: 1594: 1421: 1417: 1387: 861: 845: 554: 318: 3583: 3402: 909:

In September 1947, Levi married Lucia and a month later, on 11 October,

7191: 6330: 6192: 4882: 4646: 4369: 3356: 2183: 1910: 1383: 1144: 1120: 933: 728:

Site of Buna Werke plant approximately 10km or 6.2 miles from Auschwitz

616: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 393: 330: 266: 4322: 4260: 1263:). Levi used to write these stories and hoard them, releasing them to 361:, and was admitted that year. The school was noted for its well-known 7161: 4511: 3890: 2673:. Translated by Woolf, Stuart. New York: Touchstone. pp. 13–14. 1761: 1390:

said, at the time, "Primo Levi died at Auschwitz forty years later."

1287:

Also in 1986, a collection of short stories, previously published in

1054:

In 1975, a collection of Levi's poetry was published under the title

995: 960:, a major publisher, published it in a revised form and promoted it. 827: 782: 481: 442: 1439:

In 1995, five health and human rights organizations established the

591: 2696:"Scholar Unearths Previously Unknown Primo Levi Text at Yad Vashem" 2248: 1479:(1999), uses a part of the quatrain by Coleridge quoted by Levi in 1135: 849: 798: 765: 748: 693: 477: 358: 16:

Italian Jewish partisan, Holocaust survivor and writer (1919–1987)

3698:"Manic Street Preachers interview, Raw Soup 1993 (higher quality)" 3173:"Why Do We View Primo Levi's Work Through the Prism of His Death?" 848:

had bloated his face. Sporting a scrawny beard and wearing an old

4239: 3842: 3702: 3536:

Ministero degli Affari Esteri e della Cooperazione Internazionale

2700: 1518:. The quote is from Levi's poem "Song of Those Who Died in Vain". 1496: 382: 89: 2876:"Primo Levi's Gray Zone: Implications for Post-Holocaust Ethics" 1452:

Beginning in 2017, the Primo Levi Prize has been awarded by the

572:

Levi later wrote the following about the conditions at Fossoli:

1358:, a collection of seventeen stories translated into English by 1223: 926: 740: 566: 513: 496:

deposed Mussolini and appointed a new government under Marshal

462: 346: 1247:

Also in 1985, a volume of his essays, previously published in

200:; 31 July 1919 – 11 April 1987) was a Jewish-Italian chemist, 1640: 1156: 535:, a rebellious area highly suitable for guerilla activities. 485: 466: 284: 258: 52: 32: 3025:. New York: Metropolitan Books, Henry Holt and Company, 2003 4248: 3050:

Elie Wiesel: "Con l'incubo che tutto sia accaduto invano."

2576:

The Jews in Mussolini's Italy: From Equality to Persecution

262: 4244: 3636:"Do not NOT touch: the new MU-CH Chemistry Museum is open" 3297:"Martin Amis and Ian Thomson on the legacy of Primo Levi" 1039:, 1971) were later collected and published in English as 1012: 988:

literary award. It is often published in one volume with

334: 1574: 341:

In July 1934 at the age of 14, he sat the exams for the

80:

Damiano Malabaila (used for some of his fictional works)

3145:"Primo Levi's Unlikely Suicide Haunts His Lasting Work" 2247:

in 2004. A version of this production was broadcast on

1631:

the point of using their ashes as materials for paths.

1583:

attitudes in German historiography that emerged in the

1460:

to honor chemists for their commitment to human rights.

1424:

has credited Levi's work with assisting him in writing

1097:

deals with characters he observed during imprisonment.

844:

Levi was almost unrecognisable on his return to Turin.

6827: 2306:"Levi's memoir beats Darwin to win science book title" 557:

on 13 December 1943. Believing he would be shot as an

6018: 3769:"Holocaust Noir: A Man Lies Dreaming by Lavie Tidhar" 2615:

in April 1944 while escaping from detention. (p. 473)

1362:

and Alessandra Bastagli was published in April 2007.

1007:

In 1964 Levi collaborated on a radio play based upon

561:, Levi confessed to being Jewish. He was sent to the 281:, where Primo Levi lived for almost his entire life. 4269:

by Diego Gambetta, Boston Review, Summer 1999 issue.

4051:"100 Tage 1700 Jahre – Jüdisches Leben in Darmstadt" 3558:"Primo Levi's Centennial Program Presented in Turin" 1299:(some of which were published in the English volume 777:, an Italian civilian bricklayer working there as a 4601: 4263:

page by the Operatist who composed in honor of Levi

4087:"Press Office – Primo: a unique drama for BBC Four" 1348:but was published in English for the first time by 508:from imprisonment and appointed him as head of the 5325: 4128: 3731:Popular Music, Critique and Manic Street Preachers 2439: 1477:Till My Tale is Told: Women's Memoirs of the Gulag 4207:, Vol. 50 No. 3 September 1993, pp. 213–221. 1336:published an English translation of Levi's story 1169:is counted. It traces the fortunes of a group of 7422: 3610:"Factory where Primo Levi worked becomes museum" 3321: 2781: 2779: 967:, in close collaboration with Levi, translated 860:On 21 January 1946, he started work at DUCO, a 7405:Pope Pius XII and the raid on the Roman ghetto 7342:Centro di Documentazione Ebraica Contemporanea 4272: 3838:Ernesto Ferrero, 'Cronologia,' in Primo Levi, 3230: 3036:'Primo Levi's Plunge: A Case Against Suicide,' 2193:during the opening event of the festival year 883:, and in the United States was turned down by 538: 7027: 6813: 6004: 5311: 4587: 4338: 3942: 3936: 3930: 3924: 3855: 3766: 2993:"Primo Levi's Work Outshines His Murky Death" 2359:"Primo Levi's Work Outshines His Murky Death" 2214: 2056: 2034: 2012: 1990: 1967: 1945: 1923: 1896: 1869: 1846: 1824: 1797: 1774: 1747: 1720: 1608: 1343: 1337: 1313: 1294: 1288: 1273: 1264: 1254: 1248: 1194: 1186: 1082: 1072: 1055: 1030: 1020: 993: 945: 514:'La Saccarello' in the hills outside the city 398:Milizia Volontaria per la Sicurezza Nazionale 307: 297: 276: 270: 3231:Rothberg, Michael; Druker, Jonathan (2009). 3119:"Primo Levi, Holocaust Writer is Dead at 67" 2852: 2776: 2417: 2415: 1649: 1638:was not the same as the purpose of Stalin's 2299: 2297: 2189:in 1987. In 2021 the work was performed by 1071:He wrote two other highly praised memoirs, 7041: 7034: 7020: 6820: 6806: 6011: 5997: 5318: 5304: 4594: 4580: 4345: 4331: 3923:Appendix to an Italian schools edition of 3854:Appendix to an Italian schools edition of 3673: 2931:"A Tranquil Star –Primo Levi – Penguin UK" 2563:Primo Levi’s Universe: A Writer’s Journey, 2075:The Voice of Memory: Interviews, 1961–1987 1938:The Search for Roots: A Personal Anthology 1325: 31: 4285: 4126: 3407:Centro Internazionale di Studi Primo Levi 3116: 2412: 2303: 2288:The Double Bond: Primo Levi: A Biography, 2196:1700 Jahre jüdisches Leben in Deutschland 1887:. Some stories from Parts 2 and 3 are in 1015:, and in 1966 with a theatre production. 676:Learn how and when to remove this message 4275:"Primo Levi, The Art of Fiction No. 140" 4187: 4110:The Double Bond: Primo Levi: A Biography 3453:Goedecke, Catharina (4 September 2023). 3452: 3081: 3065: 3059: 2726:See the chapter "Cerium" in Levi's book 2693: 2441:"Primo Levi, The Art of Fiction No. 140" 2392:"LEVI, Primo in "Dizionario Biografico"" 2294: 2210:in the territory of present-day Germany. 1228: 789:laboratory that was intended to produce 739: 687: 283: 7378:My Italian Secret: The Forgotten Heroes 4352: 4235:International Primo Levi Studies Center 4168: 4060:(in German). p. 10. Archived from 4043: 3959: 2450:. Vol. Spring 1995, no. 134. 1125:(1978), published in the US in 1986 as 7481:Auschwitz concentration camp survivors 7423: 4149: 4107: 3788: 3743: 3728: 3167: 3165: 3142: 3112: 3110: 2965: 2437: 2331: 1535:, the protagonist encounters Levi and 381:, Levi decided that he wanted to be a 7250:Biblioteca della Comunità Israelitica 7015: 6801: 5992: 5299: 4575: 4326: 4318:Thames Television interview from 1972 4152:The Cambridge Companion to Primo Levi 3710:from the original on 11 December 2021 3206:"Primo Levi's First Draft Of History" 1575:Nazi death camps versus Soviet gulags 1470: 1177:to take part in the development of a 365:teachers, among them the philosopher 195: 174:Lucia Morpurgo (1947–1987, his death) 3993: 3322:Gilles van Kote (3 September 2014). 3087: 2668: 2433: 2431: 2429: 2427: 2397:Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani 2386: 2384: 2382: 2380: 2304:Randerson, James (20 October 2006). 2058:Conversazioni e interviste 1963–1987 1433: 1410: 1405: 614:adding citations to reliable sources 585: 3864:Einaudi, 1987 vol. 1, pp. 185–212 . 3789:Tidhar, Lavie (2014). "Chapter 8". 3678:[The Drowned and the Saved] 3455:"Primo Levi Prize for Henning Hopf" 3433:Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker e.V 3324:"L'indispensable Centre Primo-Levi" 3162: 3107: 2873: 2206:commemorating the first documented 1565:is entitled "Primo on the Parapet". 306:In September 1930 Levi entered the 13: 4131:Primo Levi: Tragedy of an Optimist 3793:. London: Hodder & Stoughton. 3744:Belkin, Douglas (15 August 2004). 3733:. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 179. 3271:"New Primo Levi Stories Published" 3143:Kirsch, Adam (15 September 2015). 2694:Rapoport, Meron (3 October 2007). 1543:advocates "the language of pulp". 1312:which took the form of letters to 1064:). It was published in English as 461:, a study of the asymmetry of the 14: 7627: 4211: 3905:(1986) Abacus ed. (1988) p. 100. 3767:Mahvesh Murad (28 October 2014). 3117:TAGLIABUE, JOHN (12 April 1987). 2769:Ian Thomson, 'Talked into Life,' 2424: 2377: 1670:and the Nazi camps impressed his 1293:, was assembled and published as 1155:In 1984, Levi published his only 834: 773:smuggled soup ration each day by 141:Autobiography, short story, essay 7516:Italian male short story writers 7476:Action Party (Italy) politicians 7461:20th-century Italian politicians 4706:Pier Antonio Quarantotti Gambini 4245:"Primo Levi's journeys of peace" 4220:The Complete Works of Primo Levi 3994:Levi, Primo (17 February 1986). 2874:Lee, Sander H. (1 August 2016). 2806:Chapter – 'The Events of Summer' 2708:from the original on 21 May 2024 2241:into a one-man stage production 2145:(Selection from A Tranquil Star) 1677: 1589:led by the works of people like 1367:The Complete Works of Primo Levi 1253:, was published under the title 590: 7521:Italian science fiction writers 7410:Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust 4251:by Clive Sinclair, 11 July 2007 4079: 4013: 3987: 3953: 3917: 3908: 3896: 3880: 3867: 3848: 3832: 3807: 3782: 3760: 3737: 3722: 3690: 3667: 3654: 3628: 3602: 3576: 3550: 3524: 3498: 3472: 3446: 3421: 3395: 3374: 3349: 3315: 3289: 3263: 3224: 3198: 3136: 3066:Gambetta, Diego (9 July 2012). 3044: 3028: 3011: 2985: 2959: 2941: 2923: 2914: 2867: 2845: 2836: 2827: 2818: 2809: 2797: 2788: 2763: 2750: 2741: 2732: 2720: 2687: 2662: 2636: 2627: 2618: 2590: 2581: 2569: 2554: 2542: 2533: 2524: 2515: 2505: 2496: 2487: 2478: 2251:in the UK on 20 September 2007. 1644:, Levi wrote in an appendix to 1378:questioned that determination. 1236:immediately before being hanged 1019:the stories from the two books 917:During this period, his friend 601:needs additional citations for 375:Concerning the Nature of Things 7576:Members of Giustizia e Libertà 7566:Jews in the Italian resistance 7451:20th-century Italian novelists 4273:Gabriel Motola (Spring 1995). 4021:"Shemà | Music of Remembrance" 3941:Einaudi, Torino (1989) p. 339 2880:Holocaust and Genocide Studies 2469: 2351: 2325: 2280: 2267: 2152: 1715:English language translations 1495:, a collection of extracts of 1: 7501:20th-century Italian chemists 4395:The Sixth Day and Other Tales 4313:BBC Interview with Primo Levi 3960:Thomson, Ian (7 April 2007). 3562:Pagine Ebraiche International 2949:"A Tranquil Star (Main Page)" 2255: 2208:mention of Jewish communities 2070:Conversations with Primo Levi 1813:The Sixth Day and Other Tales 1790:The Sixth Day and Other Tales 1041:The Sixth Day and Other Tales 940:Despite a positive review by 500:, which prepared to sign the 289: 252: 7601:Suicides by jumping in Italy 7395:History of the Jews in Italy 6226:Giovanni Battista Angioletti 5452:Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa 5361:Giovanni Battista Angioletti 4296:The Periodic Table of Videos 4226:Works by or about Primo Levi 3054:Turin, 14 April 1987, p. 3. 2187:Shema: 5 Poems of Primo Levi 2178:) have been set to music by 1049: 975: 839: 581: 452: 247: 220:Auschwitz concentration camp 7: 7526:Writers about the Holocaust 4512:The Truce (The Reawakening) 4462:The Black Hole of Auschwitz 3946:atrocities of human history 3929:, section 6, reprinted in: 3815:"The Noise - Peter Hammill" 3090:"Forgive, but don't forget" 3068:"Primo Levi's Last Moments" 2968:"Primo Levi's Last Moments" 2334:"Primo Levi's Last Moments" 2092:The Black Hole of Auschwitz 1579:Levi vigorously repudiated 1365:In 2015, Penguin published 1011:with the state broadcaster 545:Italian resistance movement 539:Italian resistance movement 10: 7632: 7606:University of Turin alumni 7456:20th-century Italian poets 4618:Giovan Battista Angioletti 4240:Centro Primo Levi New York 4127:Anissimov, Myriam (1999). 3888:Il buco nero di Auschwitz, 2121:Short stories (posthumous) 563:internment camp at Fossoli 489:one's interest to say so. 7466:20th-century male writers 7446:20th-century Italian Jews 7387: 7355: 7334: 7308: 7285: 7259: 7239: 7200: 7134: 7093: 7067: 7049: 6836: 6764:Silvia Sciorilli Borrelli 6734: 6609: 6476: 6395: 6342: 6281: 6220: 6159: 6118: 6027: 5799: 5588: 5377: 5334: 5252: 5169: 5076: 5005: 4934: 4863: 4792: 4721: 4692: 4639: 4610: 4542: 4496: 4471: 4448:The Drowned and the Saved 4432: 4386: 4361: 4267:Primo Levi's Last Moments 3914:(Abacus 2001 ed., p. 391) 3903:The Drowned and the Saved 3484:ambwashingtondc.esteri.it 3330:(in French). LeMonde.fr. 2851:Commandant of Auschwitz: 2771:Times Literary Supplement 2027:The Drowned and the Saved 1690:Almost forty years after 1502:The Drowned and the Saved 1481:The Drowned and the Saved 1281:The Drowned and the Saved 1165:—or his second novel, if 1129:and in the UK in 1987 as 885:Little, Brown and Company 821:who had been part of the 257:Levi was born in 1919 in 178: 170: 145: 137: 129: 119: 111: 103: 95: 84: 76: 62: 39: 30: 23: 7591:Premio Campiello winners 7400:Axis war crimes in Italy 6881:Pasquale Festa Campanile 4301:University of Nottingham 4257:Includes writing by Levi 4255:Scriptorium – Primo Levi 4205:Bulletin of Bibliography 4188:Vincenti, Fiora (1981). 4154:. Cambridge: Cambridge. 3729:Peters, Mathijs (2020). 2609:Piemont Military Command 2438:Motola, Gabriel (1995). 1698: 1634:The purpose of the Nazi 1625:Nazi concentration camps 1569: 1546:In the pilot episode of 1458:Italian Chemical Society 1372: 914:daughter Lisa was born. 516:. The three embarked to 343:Liceo Classico D'Azeglio 7616:Viareggio Prize winners 7471:20th-century memoirists 7267:Italian Social Republic 6091:Vittorio Giovanni Rossi 4387:Short story collections 4150:Gordon, Robert (2007). 4108:Angier, Carole (2002). 3249:10.5703/shofar.28.1.104 2773:29 June 2012 pp. 13–15 2760:(2003) 2019 pp. 241–242 1925:La ricerca delle radici 1454:German Chemical Society 1326:Posthumous publications 1112:was declared to be the 952:, only 1,500 copies of 887:on the advice of rabbi 717:50.036094°N 19.275534°E 510:Italian Social Republic 338:athletic competitions. 197:[ˈpriːmoˈlɛːvi] 7556:Jewish Italian writers 7506:Italian male novelists 7486:Fossoli camp survivors 7356:Publications and films 7326:RSI Police Order No. 5 7068:Massacres and roundups 7043:The Holocaust in Italy 6699:Gianfranco Calligarich 6254:Angelo Maria Ripellino 5189:Gianfranco Calligarich 4135:. New York: Overlook. 4025:musicofremembrance.org 3943: 3937: 3931: 3925: 3856: 3676:"sommersi e i salvati" 2966:Intern (9 July 2012). 2853: 2332:Intern (9 July 2012). 2215: 2158:Five of Levi's poems ( 2057: 2035: 2014:I sommersi e i salvati 2013: 1991: 1968: 1946: 1924: 1897: 1871:Lilìt e altri racconti 1870: 1847: 1825: 1815:. Some stories are in 1798: 1779:(as Damiano Malabaila) 1775: 1748: 1721: 1650: 1620: 1609: 1599:Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn 1581:historical revisionist 1510:Manic Street Preachers 1344: 1338: 1314: 1295: 1289: 1275:I sommersi e i salvati 1274: 1265: 1255: 1249: 1237: 1195: 1187: 1114:best science book ever 1083: 1074:Lilit e altri racconti 1073: 1066:Shema: Collected Poems 1056: 1031: 1021: 994: 946: 823:Italian Army in Russia 762:the camp was liberated 752: 737: 579: 502:Armistice of Cassibile 357:) specializing in the 308: 298: 293: 277: 272:Istituto Maria Letizia 271: 238:best science book ever 226:-occupied Poland; and 7586:Scientists from Turin 7491:Italian anti-fascists 7347:Memoriale della Shoah 7101:Leonardo de Benedetti 7094:Victims and survivors 6590:Eugenio De Signoribus 5826:Melania Gaia Mazzucco 5751:Mariateresa Di Lascia 5160:Melania Gaia Mazzucco 4441:Other People's Trades 4173:. London: Hutchison. 4169:Thomson, Ian (2002). 2937:on 27 September 2007. 2671:Survival in Auschwitz 2566:Macmillan 2009 p. 12. 2277:(2019) pp. 17–18, 138 2005:Other People's Trades 1740:Survival in Auschwitz 1607:and that of the Nazi 1604:The Gulag Archipelago 1515:Gold Against the Soul 1261:Other People's Trades 1232: 743: 696:(near Auschwitz) 1941 692:IG Farben factory in 691: 574: 377:by English scientist 287: 216:Survival in Auschwitz 7596:Strega Prize winners 7546:Jewish anti-fascists 7226:Risiera di San Sabba 6510:Alfonso Berardinelli 5094:Serena Vitale (2001) 4480:The Search for Roots 4409:The Search for Roots 4281:. Spring 1995 (134). 4247:: an article in the 3845:vol. 1, 1987 p. lxi. 3706:. 8 September 2009. 3662:The Portable Atheist 2669:Levi, Primo (1958). 2597:Il sistema periodico 2549:The Search for Roots 2104:Factual (posthumous) 2066:Various (posthumous) 1826:Il sistema periodico 1492:The Portable Atheist 1487:Christopher Hitchens 1427:The Zone of Interest 1400:Rita Levi-Montalcini 1179:Jewish national home 1108:on 19 October 2006, 1084:Il sistema periodico 1062:The Bremen Beer Hall 722:50.036094; 19.275534 610:improve this article 471:electrostatic energy 214:(1947, published as 7321:Manifesto of Verona 7316:Italian Racial Laws 7142:Friedrich Boßhammer 6906:Margaret Mazzantini 6679:Massimo Bucciantini 6635:Gian Mario Villalta 6582:Francesca Sanvitale 6522:Andrea Tagliapietra 6482:Giorgio van Straten 6457:Giorgio Pressburger 6413:Antonio Debenedetti 6266:Raffaello Brignetti 6205:Pier Paolo Pasolini 6148:Arturo Carlo Jemolo 5818:Margaret Mazzantini 5743:Giorgio Montefoschi 5711:Sebastiano Vassalli 5548:Raffaello Brignetti 5404:Massimo Bontempelli 5353:Vincenzo Cardarelli 5043:Daniele Del Giudice 4771:Pier Angelo Soldini 4741:Francesco Serantini 4712:Giulio Confalonieri 4653:Giovanni Titta Rosa 4630:Vincenzo Cardarelli 4533:The Voice of Memory 4519:Moments of Reprieve 4112:. London: Penguin. 3932:Se questo è un uomo 3926:Se questo è un uomo 3857:Se questo è un uomo 3791:A Man Lies Dreaming 3746:"Jews With Tattoos" 3674:Primo Levi (1986). 3614:The Times of Israel 3588:Museo della Chimica 3506:"Primo Levi at 100" 3017:George Jochnowitz, 2087:Essays (posthumous) 1947:Se non ora, quando? 1916:The Monkey's Wrench 1885:Moments of Reprieve 1722:Se questo è un uomo 1668:Italian racial laws 1636:extermination camps 1621:konzentrationslager 1533:A Man Lies Dreaming 1094:Moments of Reprieve 1079:Moments of Reprieve 980:Levi began writing 956:were sold. In 1958 801:, he fell ill with 712: / 550:Giustizia e Libertà 506:liberated Mussolini 494:Victor Emmanuel III 492:In July 1943, King 436:The Periodic Table: 409:University of Turin 402:Italian Racial Laws 325:movement for young 124:University of Turin 115:Degree in chemistry 7531:Italian memoirists 7511:Italian male poets 7371:The Periodic Table 7216:Borgo San Dalmazzo 7135:Major perpetrators 6961:Mario Rigoni Stern 6941:Giuseppe Pontiggia 6866:Alberto Bevilacqua 6828:Recipients of the 6768:Pietro Castellitto 6703:Giuseppe Montesano 6663:Francesco Pecoraro 6623:Pierluigi Cappello 6530:Raffaele La Capria 6514:Giuseppe Montesano 6421:Alessandro Baricco 6388:Salvatore Mannuzzu 6360:Giuliana Morandini 6335:Giorgio Manganelli 6303:Clotilde Marghieri 6209:Ernesto de Martino 6181:Carlo Emilio Gadda 6079:Riccardo Bacchelli 6073:Stefano Pirandello 6019:Recipients of the 5898:Alessandro Piperno 5759:Alessandro Barbero 5703:Giuseppe Pontiggia 5524:Alberto Bevilacqua 5468:Raffaele La Capria 5326:Recipients of the 5114:Edoardo Sanguineti 5089:Mariano Bargellini 4925:Mario Rigoni Stern 4729:Vitaliano Brancati 4671:Carlo Emilio Gadda 4602:Recipients of the 4402:The Periodic Table 4308:Primo Levi's house 3756:on 18 August 2004. 3429:"Primo Levi Prize" 3382:"About Primo Levi" 3303:. 13 December 2019 3123:The New York Times 3039:The New York Times 3021:Primo Levi: A Life 2999:. 11 November 2019 2892:10.1093/hgs/dcw037 2728:The Periodic Table 2365:. 11 November 2019 2168:Il canto del corvo 1933:Personal anthology 1898:La chiave a stella 1848:L'osteria di Brema 1839:The Periodic Table 1591:Andreas Hillgruber 1555:The last track on 1549:Black Earth Rising 1471:In popular culture 1272:In 1986, his book 1238: 1122:La chiave a stella 1110:The Periodic Table 1100:The Periodic Table 1089:The Periodic Table 1057:L'osteria di Brema 846:Malnutrition edema 753: 738: 390:Italian Royal Navy 355:senior high school 294: 229:The Periodic Table 206:Holocaust survivor 189:Primo Michele Levi 161:The Periodic Table 7581:Modernist writers 7536:Jewish memoirists 7418: 7417: 7309:Anti-Semitic laws 7177:Martin Sandberger 7152:Theodor Dannecker 7009: 7008: 6966:Giampaolo Rugarli 6946:Rosella Postorino 6876:Francesca Duranti 6871:Gesualdo Bufalino 6795: 6794: 6744:Luciano Cecchinel 6655:Giulio Guidorizzi 6494:Michele Ranchetti 6445:Claudio Piersanti 6429:Maurizio Maggiani 6327:Antonio Altomonte 6299:Achille Campanile 6270:Libero Bigiaretti 6057:Achille Campanile 6051:Antonino Foschini 5986: 5985: 5914:Francesco Piccolo 5882:Antonio Pennacchi 5842:Maurizio Maggiani 5810:Domenico Starnone 5695:Gesualdo Bufalino 5631:Vittorio Gorresio 5572:Guglielmo Petroni 5516:Anna Maria Ortese 5293: 5292: 5272:Benedetta Craveri 5199:Antonella Tarpino 5193:Giovanni Mariotti 5049:Raffaello Baldini 4978:Leonardo Sciascia 4972:Francesca Duranti 4877:Piero Gadda Conti 4747:Leonardo Borghese 4569: 4568: 4433:Essay collections 4377:If Not Now, When? 4287:Poliakoff, Martyn 4180:978-0-09-178531-4 4161:978-0-521-60461-1 4142:978-0-87951-806-6 4119:978-0-14-016587-6 4067:on 14 August 2021 4031:on 28 August 2022 3962:"The good German" 3800:978 1 444 76296 9 3584:"Visita il museo" 3510:Primo Levi Center 3486:. 29 January 2019 3361:Centre Primo Levi 3212:. 13 January 2007 2955:on 20 April 2007. 2657:978-1-448-18073-8 2601:Primo Levi, Opere 2150: 2149: 1992:L'altrui mestiere 1960:If Not Now, When? 1672:identity as a Jew 1441:Primo Levi Center 1434:Posthumous honors 1411:Holocaust writing 1406:Legacy and impact 1333:Harper's Magazine 1256:L'altrui mestiere 1183:displaced persons 1167:The Monkey Wrench 1162:If Not Now, When? 1127:The Monkey Wrench 1106:Royal Institution 1037:Structural Defect 1027:Natural Histories 900:stannous chloride 879:on the advice of 686: 685: 678: 660: 428:Manifesto of Race 379:Sir William Bragg 309:Massimo d'Azeglio 234:Royal Institution 186: 185: 7623: 7561:Jewish partisans 7496:Italian atheists 7388:Related articles 7364:If This Is a Man 7300:Giorgio Perlasca 7277:Adriatic Littora 7272:Alpine Foothills 7055: 7036: 7029: 7022: 7013: 7012: 6986:Antonio Tabucchi 6931:Salvatore Niffoi 6886:Gianni Granzotto 6830:Premio Campiello 6822: 6815: 6808: 6799: 6798: 6651:Paolo Di Stefano 6647:Antonella Anedda 6643:Franco Lo Piparo 6598:Adriano Prosperi 6574:Paolo Colagrande 6534:Alberto Arbasino 6518:Edoardo Albinati 6498:Giorgio Pestelli 6490:Niccolò Ammaniti 6425:Antonio Tabucchi 6409:Maurizio Calvesi 6185:Rocco Scotellaro 6165:Francesco Jovine 6136:Aldo Palazzeschi 6101:Arnaldo Frateili 6063:Raffaele Calzini 6013: 6006: 5999: 5990: 5989: 5976: 5968: 5960: 5952: 5944: 5936: 5930:Edoardo Albinati 5928: 5920: 5912: 5904: 5896: 5888: 5880: 5872: 5864: 5858:Niccolò Ammaniti 5856: 5848: 5840: 5832: 5824: 5816: 5808: 5789: 5781: 5773: 5765: 5757: 5749: 5741: 5733: 5727:Vincenzo Consolo 5725: 5717: 5709: 5701: 5693: 5685: 5677: 5669: 5661: 5653: 5645: 5637: 5629: 5621: 5615:Ferdinando Camon 5613: 5605: 5597: 5580:Tommaso Landolfi 5578: 5570: 5562: 5554: 5546: 5538: 5530: 5522: 5514: 5506: 5498: 5490: 5484:Natalia Ginzburg 5482: 5474: 5466: 5458: 5450: 5442: 5434: 5426: 5420:Giovanni Comisso 5418: 5410: 5402: 5394: 5386: 5367: 5359: 5351: 5343: 5320: 5313: 5306: 5297: 5296: 5284:Gianni Biondillo 5221:Paolo Di Stefano 5209:Valerio Magrelli 5148:Alessandro Spina 5037:Alberto Arbasino 5031:Giovanni Giudici 4996:Luigi Meneghello 4966:Natalia Ginzburg 4942:Giovanni Macchia 4871:Alberto Vigevani 4824:Tommaso Landolfi 4800:Enrico Emanuelli 4753:Giuseppe Marotta 4735:Indro Montanelli 4677:Enrico Sacchetti 4624:Giovanni Comisso 4596: 4589: 4582: 4573: 4572: 4526:Auschwitz Report 4505:If This Is a Man 4455:The Mirror Maker 4423:The Mirror Maker 4347: 4340: 4333: 4324: 4323: 4304: 4282: 4279:The Paris Review 4230:Internet Archive 4218:Announcement of 4193: 4184: 4165: 4146: 4134: 4123: 4095: 4094: 4083: 4077: 4076: 4074: 4072: 4066: 4055: 4047: 4041: 4040: 4038: 4036: 4027:. 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5414: 5406: 5398: 5390: 5388:Corrado Alvaro 5381: 5379: 5375: 5374: 5372: 5371: 5363: 5355: 5347: 5338: 5336: 5332: 5331: 5323: 5322: 5315: 5308: 5300: 5291: 5290: 5288: 5287: 5281: 5275: 5269: 5263: 5260:Enrico Deaglio 5256: 5254: 5250: 5249: 5247: 5246: 5240: 5234: 5228: 5218: 5212: 5202: 5196: 5186: 5180: 5173: 5171: 5167: 5166: 5164: 5163: 5157: 5151: 5145: 5142:Eugenio Borgna 5139: 5134: 5128: 5125:Franco Cordero 5122: 5119:Eva Cantarella 5116: 5111: 5106: 5103:Giorgio Orelli 5100: 5095: 5092: 5086: 5080: 5078: 5074: 5073: 5071: 5070: 5064: 5058: 5055:Sergio Ferrero 5052: 5046: 5040: 5034: 5028: 5022: 5019:Livio Garzanti 5016: 5009: 5007: 5003: 5002: 5000: 4999: 4993: 4987: 4984:Claudio Magris 4981: 4975: 4969: 4963: 4957: 4951: 4945: 4938: 4936: 4932: 4931: 4929: 4928: 4922: 4916: 4910: 4904: 4898: 4892: 4886: 4880: 4874: 4867: 4865: 4861: 4860: 4858: 4857: 4851: 4845: 4839: 4833: 4827: 4821: 4815: 4812:Giuseppe Dessì 4809: 4806:Giorgio Vigolo 4803: 4796: 4794: 4790: 4789: 4787: 4786: 4780: 4774: 4768: 4765:Giuseppe Lanza 4762: 4756: 4750: 4744: 4738: 4732: 4725: 4723: 4719: 4718: 4716: 4715: 4709: 4703: 4700:Dario Ortolani 4696: 4694: 4690: 4689: 4687: 4686: 4680: 4674: 4668: 4662: 4659:Leonida Rèpaci 4656: 4650: 4643: 4641: 4637: 4636: 4634: 4633: 4627: 4621: 4614: 4612: 4608: 4607: 4599: 4598: 4591: 4584: 4576: 4567: 4566: 4564: 4563: 4555: 4546: 4544: 4540: 4539: 4537: 4536: 4529: 4522: 4515: 4508: 4500: 4498: 4494: 4493: 4491: 4490: 4483: 4475: 4473: 4469: 4468: 4466: 4465: 4458: 4451: 4444: 4436: 4434: 4430: 4429: 4427: 4426: 4419: 4412: 4405: 4398: 4390: 4388: 4384: 4383: 4381: 4380: 4373: 4365: 4363: 4359: 4358: 4350: 4349: 4342: 4335: 4327: 4321: 4320: 4315: 4310: 4305: 4283: 4270: 4264: 4258: 4252: 4242: 4237: 4232: 4223: 4213: 4212:External links 4210: 4209: 4208: 4195: 4194: 4185: 4179: 4166: 4160: 4147: 4141: 4124: 4118: 4097: 4096: 4078: 4042: 4012: 3986: 3952: 3916: 3907: 3895: 3879: 3866: 3847: 3831: 3806: 3799: 3781: 3759: 3736: 3721: 3689: 3666: 3653: 3642:. 30 June 2022 3627: 3601: 3575: 3549: 3523: 3497: 3471: 3459:ChemistryViews 3445: 3420: 3394: 3373: 3348: 3314: 3288: 3262: 3243:(1): 104–126. 3223: 3197: 3161: 3135: 3106: 3094:Economic Times 3088:Nadkarni, VC. 3080: 3058: 3043: 3027: 3010: 2984: 2958: 2940: 2922: 2913: 2886:(2): 276–297. 2866: 2844: 2835: 2826: 2817: 2808: 2804:If This Is Man 2796: 2787: 2775: 2762: 2756:Ian Thompson, 2749: 2740: 2738:Thomson p. 229 2731: 2719: 2686: 2679: 2661: 2635: 2633:Thomson p 119. 2626: 2624:Angier p. 174. 2617: 2589: 2580: 2568: 2560:Sam Magavern, 2553: 2541: 2539:Thomson p. 55. 2532: 2523: 2514: 2504: 2495: 2493:Thomson p. 40. 2486: 2484:Angier, p. 62. 2477: 2475:Angier, p. 44. 2468: 2423: 2411: 2376: 2350: 2324: 2293: 2286:Carole Angier, 2279: 2265: 2264: 2257: 2254: 2253: 2252: 2230: 2213:The 1997 film 2211: 2154: 2151: 2148: 2147: 2139: 2136: 2133: 2130: 2129: 2122: 2119: 2116: 2113: 2112: 2105: 2102: 2099: 2096: 2095: 2088: 2085: 2082: 2079: 2078: 2067: 2064: 2061: 2053: 2052: 2045: 2042: 2039: 2031: 2030: 2023: 2020: 2017: 2009: 2008: 2001: 1998: 1995: 1987: 1986: 1978: 1975: 1972: 1969:Ad ora incerta 1964: 1963: 1956: 1953: 1950: 1942: 1941: 1934: 1931: 1928: 1920: 1919: 1907: 1904: 1901: 1893: 1892: 1880: 1877: 1874: 1866: 1865: 1857: 1854: 1851: 1843: 1842: 1835: 1832: 1829: 1821: 1820: 1808: 1805: 1802: 1799:Vizio di forma 1794: 1793: 1786: 1783: 1780: 1771: 1770: 1758: 1755: 1752: 1744: 1743: 1731: 1728: 1725: 1717: 1716: 1713: 1710: 1707: 1700: 1697: 1679: 1676: 1658:rather than a 1576: 1573: 1571: 1568: 1567: 1566: 1553: 1544: 1525: 1519: 1506: 1484: 1472: 1469: 1468: 1467: 1464: 1461: 1450: 1447: 1444: 1435: 1432: 1412: 1409: 1407: 1404: 1395:Diego Gambetta 1374: 1371: 1345:Vizio di forma 1327: 1324: 1315:"La Signorina" 1051: 1048: 1032:Vizio di forma 977: 974: 889:Joshua Liebman 841: 838: 836: 835:Writing career 833: 793:. By avoiding 684: 683: 598: 596: 589: 583: 580: 540: 537: 454: 451: 421:Lateran Treaty 254: 251: 249: 246: 204:, writer, and 184: 183: 180: 176: 175: 172: 168: 167: 165: 164: 157: 149: 147: 143: 142: 139: 135: 134: 131: 127: 126: 121: 117: 116: 113: 109: 108: 105: 101: 100: 97: 93: 92: 86: 82: 81: 78: 74: 73: 70:(aged 67) 64: 60: 59: 41: 37: 36: 28: 27: 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7628: 7617: 7614: 7612: 7609: 7607: 7604: 7602: 7599: 7597: 7594: 7592: 7589: 7587: 7584: 7582: 7579: 7577: 7574: 7572: 7569: 7567: 7564: 7562: 7559: 7557: 7554: 7552: 7549: 7547: 7544: 7542: 7539: 7537: 7534: 7532: 7529: 7527: 7524: 7522: 7519: 7517: 7514: 7512: 7509: 7507: 7504: 7502: 7499: 7497: 7494: 7492: 7489: 7487: 7484: 7482: 7479: 7477: 7474: 7472: 7469: 7467: 7464: 7462: 7459: 7457: 7454: 7452: 7449: 7447: 7444: 7442: 7441:1987 suicides 7439: 7437: 7434: 7432: 7429: 7428: 7426: 7411: 7408: 7406: 7403: 7401: 7398: 7396: 7393: 7392: 7390: 7386: 7380: 7379: 7375: 7373: 7372: 7368: 7366: 7365: 7361: 7360: 7358: 7354: 7348: 7345: 7343: 7340: 7339: 7337: 7335:Commemoration 7333: 7327: 7324: 7322: 7319: 7317: 7314: 7313: 7311: 7307: 7301: 7298: 7296: 7293: 7292: 7290: 7288: 7284: 7278: 7275: 7273: 7270: 7268: 7265: 7264: 7262: 7258: 7252: 7251: 7247: 7246: 7244: 7242: 7238: 7232: 7229: 7227: 7224: 7222: 7219: 7217: 7214: 7212: 7209: 7208: 7206: 7203: 7199: 7193: 7190: 7188: 7185: 7183: 7182:Theo Saevecke 7180: 7178: 7175: 7173: 7172:Erich Priebke 7170: 7168: 7165: 7163: 7160: 7158: 7155: 7153: 7150: 7148: 7145: 7143: 7140: 7139: 7137: 7133: 7127: 7124: 7122: 7121:Liliana Segre 7119: 7117: 7116:Ettore Ovazza 7114: 7112: 7109: 7107: 7104: 7102: 7099: 7098: 7096: 7092: 7086: 7083: 7081: 7078: 7076: 7075:Lake Maggiore 7073: 7072: 7070: 7066: 7060: 7059:The Holocaust 7057: 7052: 7051: 7048: 7044: 7037: 7032: 7030: 7025: 7023: 7018: 7017: 7014: 7002: 6999: 6997: 6994: 6992: 6989: 6987: 6984: 6982: 6981:Mario Soldati 6979: 6977: 6974: 6972: 6969: 6967: 6964: 6962: 6959: 6957: 6954: 6952: 6949: 6947: 6944: 6942: 6939: 6937: 6934: 6932: 6929: 6927: 6924: 6922: 6919: 6917: 6914: 6912: 6909: 6907: 6904: 6902: 6901:Dacia Maraini 6899: 6897: 6894: 6892: 6889: 6887: 6884: 6882: 6879: 6877: 6874: 6872: 6869: 6867: 6864: 6862: 6859: 6857: 6854: 6852: 6849: 6847: 6844: 6842: 6841:Carmine Abate 6839: 6838: 6835: 6831: 6823: 6818: 6816: 6811: 6809: 6804: 6803: 6800: 6789: 6785: 6781: 6777: 6773: 6769: 6765: 6761: 6757: 6753: 6749: 6745: 6741: 6737: 6733: 6728: 6727:Saverio Ricci 6724: 6723:Renato Minore 6720: 6716: 6715:Giuseppe Lupo 6712: 6708: 6704: 6700: 6696: 6695:Sonia Gentili 6692: 6688: 6684: 6680: 6676: 6672: 6668: 6667:Alessandro Fo 6664: 6660: 6656: 6652: 6648: 6644: 6640: 6636: 6632: 6628: 6624: 6620: 6619:Michele Emmer 6616: 6612: 6608: 6603: 6602:Ennio Cavalli 6599: 6595: 6591: 6587: 6583: 6579: 6575: 6571: 6567: 6563: 6559: 6558:Filippo Tuena 6555: 6551: 6547: 6543: 6542:Gianni Celati 6539: 6535: 6531: 6527: 6523: 6519: 6515: 6511: 6507: 6503: 6499: 6495: 6491: 6487: 6483: 6479: 6475: 6470: 6466: 6462: 6458: 6454: 6450: 6446: 6442: 6438: 6434: 6430: 6426: 6422: 6418: 6417:Luigi Malerba 6414: 6410: 6406: 6402: 6398: 6394: 6389: 6385: 6381: 6377: 6373: 6369: 6368:Bruno Gentili 6365: 6361: 6357: 6353: 6349: 6348:Stefano Terra 6345: 6341: 6336: 6332: 6328: 6324: 6323:Davide Lajolo 6320: 6316: 6312: 6308: 6307:Paolo Volponi 6304: 6300: 6296: 6292: 6288: 6284: 6280: 6275: 6271: 6267: 6263: 6262:Alfonso Gatto 6259: 6255: 6251: 6247: 6243: 6239: 6235: 6231: 6227: 6223: 6219: 6214: 6210: 6206: 6202: 6201:Italo Calvino 6198: 6194: 6190: 6186: 6182: 6178: 6177:Tommaso Fiore 6174: 6170: 6169:Carlo Bernari 6166: 6162: 6158: 6153: 6152:Renata Viganò 6149: 6145: 6141: 6137: 6133: 6129: 6125: 6121: 6117: 6110: 6106: 6102: 6099: 6096: 6092: 6089: 6086: 6083: 6080: 6077: 6074: 6070: 6067: 6064: 6061: 6058: 6055: 6052: 6049: 6046: 6043: 6040: 6039:Lorenzo Viani 6036: 6035:Anselmo Bucci 6033: 6032: 6030: 6026: 6022: 6014: 6009: 6007: 6002: 6000: 5995: 5994: 5991: 5979: 5978:Mario Desiati 5973: 5971: 5965: 5963: 5957: 5955: 5949: 5947: 5941: 5939: 5933: 5931: 5925: 5923: 5917: 5915: 5909: 5907: 5901: 5899: 5893: 5891: 5885: 5883: 5877: 5875: 5869: 5867: 5861: 5859: 5853: 5851: 5845: 5843: 5837: 5835: 5829: 5827: 5821: 5819: 5813: 5811: 5805: 5804: 5802: 5798: 5792: 5786: 5784: 5783:Dacia Maraini 5778: 5776: 5770: 5768: 5762: 5760: 5754: 5752: 5746: 5744: 5738: 5736: 5730: 5728: 5722: 5720: 5719:Paolo Volponi 5714: 5712: 5706: 5704: 5698: 5696: 5690: 5688: 5682: 5680: 5674: 5672: 5671:Carlo Sgorlon 5666: 5664: 5663:Pietro Citati 5658: 5656: 5655:Mario Pomilio 5650: 5648: 5642: 5640: 5634: 5632: 5626: 5624: 5618: 5616: 5610: 5608: 5602: 5600: 5594: 5593: 5591: 5587: 5581: 5575: 5573: 5567: 5565: 5559: 5557: 5551: 5549: 5543: 5541: 5540:Guido Piovene 5535: 5533: 5527: 5525: 5519: 5517: 5511: 5509: 5503: 5501: 5500:Paolo Volponi 5495: 5493: 5487: 5485: 5479: 5477: 5471: 5469: 5463: 5461: 5460:Carlo Cassola 5455: 5453: 5447: 5445: 5439: 5437: 5431: 5429: 5423: 5421: 5415: 5413: 5412:Mario Soldati 5407: 5405: 5399: 5397: 5391: 5389: 5383: 5382: 5380: 5376: 5370: 5369:Cesare Pavese 5364: 5362: 5356: 5354: 5348: 5346: 5345:Ennio Flaiano 5340: 5339: 5337: 5333: 5329: 5321: 5316: 5314: 5309: 5307: 5302: 5301: 5298: 5285: 5282: 5279: 5276: 5273: 5270: 5267: 5264: 5261: 5258: 5257: 5255: 5251: 5244: 5243:Marco Balzano 5241: 5238: 5235: 5232: 5229: 5226: 5222: 5219: 5216: 5213: 5210: 5206: 5203: 5200: 5197: 5194: 5190: 5187: 5184: 5183:Andrea Bajani 5181: 5178: 5175: 5174: 5172: 5168: 5161: 5158: 5155: 5152: 5149: 5146: 5143: 5140: 5138: 5137:Filippo Tuena 5135: 5132: 5129: 5126: 5123: 5120: 5117: 5115: 5112: 5110: 5107: 5104: 5101: 5099: 5096: 5093: 5090: 5087: 5085: 5082: 5081: 5079: 5075: 5068: 5065: 5062: 5059: 5056: 5053: 5050: 5047: 5044: 5041: 5038: 5035: 5032: 5029: 5026: 5025:Giorgio Bocca 5023: 5020: 5017: 5014: 5011: 5010: 5008: 5004: 4997: 4994: 4991: 4988: 4985: 4982: 4979: 4976: 4973: 4970: 4967: 4964: 4961: 4958: 4955: 4952: 4949: 4948:Pietro Citati 4946: 4943: 4940: 4939: 4937: 4933: 4926: 4923: 4920: 4919:Carlo Cassola 4917: 4914: 4911: 4908: 4907:Mario Soldati 4905: 4902: 4901:Enzo Forcella 4899: 4896: 4895:Gianni Celati 4893: 4890: 4887: 4884: 4881: 4878: 4875: 4872: 4869: 4868: 4866: 4862: 4855: 4854:Niccolò Tucci 4852: 4849: 4846: 4843: 4840: 4837: 4834: 4831: 4828: 4825: 4822: 4819: 4816: 4813: 4810: 4807: 4804: 4801: 4798: 4797: 4795: 4791: 4784: 4783:Italo Calvino 4781: 4778: 4775: 4772: 4769: 4766: 4763: 4760: 4759:Alfonso Gatto 4757: 4754: 4751: 4748: 4745: 4742: 4739: 4736: 4733: 4730: 4727: 4726: 4724: 4720: 4713: 4710: 4707: 4704: 4701: 4698: 4697: 4695: 4691: 4684: 4681: 4678: 4675: 4672: 4669: 4666: 4663: 4660: 4657: 4654: 4651: 4648: 4645: 4644: 4642: 4638: 4631: 4628: 4625: 4622: 4619: 4616: 4615: 4613: 4609: 4605: 4604:Bagutta Prize 4597: 4592: 4590: 4585: 4583: 4578: 4577: 4574: 4562: 4560: 4556: 4554: 4552: 4548: 4547: 4545: 4541: 4535: 4534: 4530: 4528: 4527: 4523: 4521: 4520: 4516: 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Mursia. 4071:28 August 4035:28 August 3974:0261-3077 3938:La tregua 3891:La Stampa 3873:Thomson, 3336:1950-6244 3301:CBC Radio 3257:0882-8539 3185:0028-6583 3099:6 October 2908:151930376 2900:8756-6583 2456:0031-2037 2222:The Truce 2216:La Tregua 1762:The Truce 1749:La tregua 1616:‹See Tfd› 1558:The Noise 1512:, titled 1290:La Stampa 1266:La Stampa 1250:La Stampa 1213:The Truce 1206:The Truce 1175:Palestine 1116:written. 1091:, 1975). 1050:1975–1987 996:La Stampa 982:The Truce 976:1961–1974 840:1946–1960 828:The Truce 783:IG Farben 582:Auschwitz 453:Chemistry 443:air raids 413:colloquio 248:Biography 240:written. 133:1947–1986 112:Education 7287:Rescuers 4289:(2010). 3819:AllMusic 3708:Archived 3073:10 April 2706:Archived 2551:, p. 31. 2317:30 March 2249:BBC Four 1883:Part 1: 1619:German: 1456:and the 1350:Harper's 1193:and the 1148:won the 963:In 1958 927:tattooed 850:Red Army 799:Red Army 766:Red Army 758:Monowitz 749:Monowitz 694:Monowitz 480:mine in 478:asbestos 359:classics 327:Fascists 202:partisan 193:Italian: 179:Children 96:Language 88:Writer, 77:Pen name 7571:Levites 7241:Looting 7221:Fossoli 7211:Bolzano 7054:Part of 4228:at the 3979:21 June 3843:Einaudi 3703:YouTube 3366:20 June 3307:10 June 3281:11 June 3216:10 June 3190:10 June 3154:10 June 3128:10 June 2701:Haaretz 2182:in the 2176:Congedo 2172:Cantare 1497:atheist 1489:' book 1339:"Knall" 1218:In the 958:Einaudi 948:L'Unità 877:Einaudi 764:by the 650:scholar 520:in the 383:chemist 107:Italian 99:Italian 90:chemist 6790:(2022) 6729:(2019) 6604:(2009) 6471:(1999) 6390:(1989) 6337:(1979) 6276:(1969) 6215:(1959) 6154:(1949) 6111:(1939) 6097:(1938) 6087:(1937) 6081:(1936) 6075:(1935) 6065:(1934) 6059:(1933) 6053:(1932) 6047:(1931) 6041:(1930) 5286:(2024) 5280:(2023) 5274:(2022) 5268:(2021) 5262:(2020) 5245:(2019) 5239:(2018) 5233:(2017) 5227:(2016) 5217:(2015) 5211:(2014) 5201:(2013) 5195:(2012) 5185:(2011) 5179:(2010) 5162:(2009) 5156:(2008) 5150:(2007) 5144:(2006) 5133:(2005) 5127:(2004) 5121:(2003) 5105:(2002) 5091:(2000) 5069:(1999) 5063:(1998) 5057:(1997) 5051:(1996) 5045:(1995) 5039:(1994) 5033:(1993) 5027:(1992) 5021:(1991) 5015:(1990) 4998:(1989) 4992:(1988) 4986:(1987) 4980:(1986) 4974:(1985) 4968:(1984) 4962:(1983) 4956:(1982) 4950:(1981) 4944:(1980) 4927:(1979) 4921:(1978) 4915:(1977) 4909:(1976) 4903:(1975) 4897:(1974) 4891:(1973) 4885:(1972) 4879:(1971) 4873:(1970) 4856:(1969) 4850:(1968) 4844:(1967) 4838:(1966) 4832:(1965) 4826:(1964) 4820:(1963) 4814:(1962) 4808:(1961) 4802:(1960) 4785:(1959) 4779:(1958) 4773:(1957) 4767:(1956) 4761:(1955) 4755:(1954) 4749:(1953) 4743:(1952) 4737:(1951) 4731:(1950) 4714:(1949) 4708:(1948) 4702:(1947) 4685:(1936) 4679:(1935) 4673:(1934) 4667:(1933) 4661:(1932) 4655:(1931) 4649:(1930) 4632:(1929) 4626:(1928) 4620:(1927) 4561:(film) 4553:(film) 4472:Poetry 4362:Novels 4177: 4158: 4139: 4116: 3972: 3840:Opere, 3824:9 June 3797: 3714:19 May 3646:9 June 3620:9 June 3594:9 June 3568:7 June 3542:7 June 3516:7 June 3490:7 June 3464:9 June 3438:9 June 3413:9 June 3334: 3255: 3237:Shofar 3183: 3149:Tablet 2906: 2898: 2861: 2712:20 May 2677: 2655: 2454: 2044:Essays 2022:Essays 2000:Essays 1757:Memoir 1730:Memoir 1641:gulags 1623:; 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