2370:
25:
135:
2319:
649:, who was deposed twice between his succession in 1016 and his death in 1050. He was originally an ally of the Byzantines and remained allied with them against all his neighbours until the end. His reign was occupied by constant disputes with the church, whose bishops and abbots he treated with disdain, and with the coastal duchies of Naples, Gaeta, and
735:
More than a decade of constant war followed thereafter between the
Normans and the Lombard principalities, the Papal States, and the Holy Roman Empire. Ultimately during the summer of 1139, Pope Innocent II invaded the kingdom of Sicily with a large army. On 22 July 1139, at Galluccio, Pope Innocent
724:. The latter was only reinstalled with the aid of his fellow Normans and thus Capua became dependent on the Hautevilles and their duchy, though the princes continued to try and influence papal elections and act as papal protectors. With the death of the religious
538:. He declared Capua and Benevento inseparable and introduced the principle of co-rule, whereby sons would be associated with their fathers and brothers with each other, a principle soon borrowed by Salerno. Atenulf associated his son,
557:
in 915. Landulf mostly continued the policies of his father and spent most of his career after
Garigliano trying to weaken the Byzantine authority in Apulia and the Campania. In this, he was only moderately successful. His son,
736:
was captured by Roger's son, Roger III. Days later, by means of the Treaty of
Mignano, the pope proclaimed Roger II rex Siciliae ducatus Apuliae et principatus Capuae (King of Sicily, Duke of Apulia and commander of Capua).
517:
established himself and his princely status with the aid of the aforementioned
Athanasius of Naples. Atenulf would try to avert future succession crises and to vindicate the independent pretensions of Capua
689:
for another four years. Richard immediately increased his prestige with the princely title and his power by the territory which came under his authority. He became a neighbour of the
1039:
350:
325:
669:, and took his principalities. Despite the importance of Capua in the region, the city declined under Pandulf's successors until it was eventually taken by the
493:
declared Capua independent of
Salerno. On his death in the following year, the succession to the county was thrown into dispute. His son was deposed by
765:
1032:
610:
keeping a Capua much reduced in power. In the 990s, Capua experienced debilitating turmoil as one prince was assassinated, another deposed by the
553:
Atenulf also began planning the eventual reconquest of Muslim-occupied territory in the region, but died before his plans came to fruition at the
637:
The chief interest of
Lombard Capua in this, its declining period, was the control of a seaport, especially a large and important one, such as
54:
2603:
1025:
693:
and was both their protector and supporter and also an enemy who spent his last years in excommunication, as did his son and successor,
482:
ends the civil war by decreeing that
Benevento be split into two distinct principates - Benevento and Salerno. In 851, as a part of the
505:. Disputes over the bishopric and the countship befell Capua on Landulf's death and a civil war enveloped the principality between
583:
was unified one last time, however, when
Pandulf usurped his brother's share from his nephew on Landulf's death in 969 and became
2285:
1390:
513:, another grandson of Landulf I. Salerno allied with Lando and Benevento with Pandenulf. A succession crisis followed in 887 and
566:. Like his father, he attacked Byzantine possessions, but was defeated and forced to submit to nominal Byzantine suzerainty.
2427:
134:
716:
With the death of Jordan I, the principality declined fast. From 1090 to 1098, the city of Capua itself was in the hands of
436:
Old Capua was an ancient
Italian city, the greatest Roman city of the south. It was the centre of Lombard gastaldate in the
2662:
1692:
1410:
569:
Under
Landulf's sons, the union of Capua and Benevento broke down although they remained legally bound. During this time,
2205:
1948:
1896:
878:
Chalandon, Ferdinand (1926). "The Norman Kingdom of Sicily". In Tanner, J.R.; Previte-Orton, C.W.; Brooke, Z.N. (eds.).
2307:
2087:
1758:
2199:
1807:
896:
76:
47:
1048:
2217:
290:• The Normans defeat Pope Innocent. Roger II becomes King of Sicily, Duke of Apulia, and commander of Capua
2647:
2544:
2193:
2097:
2041:
1199:
2652:
2514:
2082:
2016:
1815:
1547:
1470:
1321:
1012:
2433:
2464:
2354:
2211:
2163:
1854:
1341:
440:, although little is known of this part of its history. It first enters history as a Lombard state under
2459:
2454:
2157:
2151:
2102:
2092:
1522:
1507:
1370:
981:
592:
2369:
697:, who carved out a chunk of papal territory for the principality. At Richard's death, his family, the
2269:
1552:
732:, who in 1130 united the Sicilian and peninsular domains of his family into the Kingdom of Sicily.
531:
37:
2580:
2560:
2175:
1527:
1380:
1316:
745:
574:
554:
460:
175:
41:
33:
2315:
412:. Towards the end of the 10th century the Principality reached its apogee, occupying most of the
2642:
2499:
2263:
1938:
1830:
1792:
1287:
1217:
627:
607:
596:
559:
425:
330:
258:• Atenulf declares Capua and Benevento inseparable and introduced the principle of co-rule
2300:
2223:
2169:
2117:
2107:
1943:
1886:
1557:
539:
58:
2565:
2539:
2401:
2378:
2344:
2187:
2031:
1983:
1969:
1537:
1450:
1400:
1079:
1062:
686:
662:
600:
150:
Originally part of the Duchies of Benevento and Salerno, vassal states of the Lombard Kingdom
2529:
2339:
2235:
2112:
2051:
2036:
1959:
1923:
1879:
1869:
1647:
1619:
1425:
1269:
1167:
1111:
654:
623:
498:
8:
2359:
2349:
2257:
1988:
1891:
1874:
1864:
1719:
1642:
1465:
1460:
1395:
1295:
1205:
987:
931:
721:
646:
631:
563:
494:
452:
448:
2489:
2411:
2331:
2181:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2046:
2011:
2006:
1964:
1928:
1787:
1682:
1604:
1577:
1517:
1420:
1405:
1243:
1223:
729:
725:
666:
514:
510:
506:
441:
437:
207:
194:
2591:
2570:
2509:
2449:
2293:
2026:
2021:
1954:
1913:
1907:
1748:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1455:
1435:
1385:
1375:
1356:
892:
717:
702:
694:
682:
584:
579:
479:
445:
343:
244:• Atenulf is victorious in a war of succession and becomes the Prince of Capua
2575:
2519:
2243:
1825:
1820:
1743:
1677:
1672:
1542:
1512:
1480:
1336:
1281:
1260:
1238:
1017:
611:
570:
464:
393:
118:
2504:
2484:
2416:
1766:
1734:
1729:
1709:
1572:
1532:
1502:
1485:
1445:
1430:
1415:
1346:
1331:
1248:
1228:
1101:
658:
650:
588:
543:
413:
1624:
2657:
2421:
2249:
2145:
2139:
1739:
1714:
1587:
1582:
1567:
1562:
1497:
1492:
1475:
1440:
1233:
1211:
1155:
1094:
547:
490:
409:
381:
104:
681:
In 1058, a year after the death of Pandulf's weak successor, the Norman count
2636:
2618:
2605:
2469:
1933:
1771:
1275:
1149:
1121:
973:
969:
710:
720:, a Lombard count who was raised by the citizens in opposition to the young
2474:
2386:
1306:
1161:
1141:
955:
706:
2479:
1859:
1724:
562:, allied against the Lombard principality of Salerno, but failed to oust
222:
542:, as co-prince and built up alliances with the local Greek states, like
766:"Capua, da gioiello della Roma Repubblicana a Capitale del Principato"
1126:
535:
497:
who thus united the ecclesiastical and secular rule of the region as
906:
Pacaut, Marcel (2002). "Innocent II". In Levillain, Philippe (ed.).
634:. Thus, Capua and Benevento were briefly united for the last time.
2323:
2318:
1844:
1326:
1131:
1074:
995:
661:. His personal character, however, soon involved him in a war with
456:
401:
168:
280:• Roger II, the Count of Sicily claims overlordship of Capua
2406:
2396:
2391:
1106:
1067:
698:
670:
471:
the nearby hill of Triflisco on which was built "New Capua": the
417:
1614:
999:
963:
642:
502:
421:
1592:
1116:
1089:
939:
690:
638:
587:
in 978. Before his death in 981, Pandulf gained the title of
472:
405:
368:
158:
880:
The Cambridge Medieval History: Contest of empire and papacy
843:
685:
conquered Capua, but left the city itself in the control of
606:
Shortly thereafter, Benevento and Capua split legally, with
234:• After Pando's proclamation, Capua acts independently
1084:
949:
468:
595:. Afterward, Pandulf split his dominion between his sons,
478:
A civil war between Benevento and Salerno ensues. In 849,
936:
Histoire de la domination normande en Italie et en Sicile
910:. Vol. 2: Gaius-Proxies. Routledge. p. 783-785.
728:
in 1127, the principality became the object of desire of
705:, but they acted in a different sphere of influence: the
819:
831:
550:, which alliances were continued under his successor.
455:. In 841, Capua was sacked and completely destroyed by
795:
653:. He desired to give Capua a seaport and deposed both
486:
of Louis II, Capua is included as a part of Salerno.
1047:
855:
807:
783:
2634:
917:Politics and culture in medieval Spain and Italy
701:, had a prestige and power to match that of the
46:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
2233:
451:in 839. Landulf and his sons were partisans of
882:. Cambridge University Press. p. 184-207.
622:The old dynasty was reinstalled in 1000 under
2301:
1033:
110:
1436:Patria del Friuli (Patriarchate of Aquileia)
914:
891:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania.
849:
96:
2308:
2294:
1040:
1026:
978:The Cambridge Medieval History: Volume III
133:
877:
837:
763:
77:Learn how and when to remove this message
614:, and a third deposed by the citizens.
509:, the earlier deposed son of Pando, and
270:• Richard of Aversa conquers Capua
1391:Princely County of Gorizia and Gradisca
645:. Capua experienced a new zenith under
525:
2635:
905:
886:
861:
825:
813:
801:
789:
2289:
1021:
946:Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani
501:was to do near-contemporaneously in
18:
919:. Edizioni di storia e letteratura.
13:
992:The Normans in the South 1016-1130
925:
14:
2674:
2200:United Provinces of Central Italy
1006:
2368:
2317:
1049:List of historic states of Italy
573:ruled separately in Capua while
522:those of Benevento and Salerno.
348:
323:
23:
2182:Provisional Government of Milan
617:
2545:List of presidents of Campania
1381:City of Fiume and its District
757:
676:
599:receiving Benevento-Capua and
463:. Landulf and his eldest son,
444:with the assassination of the
1:
1816:County of Apulia and Calabria
1322:Campagna e Marittima Province
915:Wieruszowski, Helene (1971).
870:
665:, who had him deposed by the
2515:Duchy of Apulia and Calabria
751:
7:
2663:Former monarchies of Europe
2218:Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia
2212:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
2164:Duchy of Parma and Piacenza
1342:Duchy of Parma and Piacenza
908:The Papacy: An Encyclopedia
887:Kreutz, Barbara M. (1996).
739:
10:
2679:
2428:Cities, towns and villages
2158:Duchy of Modena and Reggio
2152:Duchy of Massa and Carrara
1553:Prince-Bishopric of Trento
1523:Duchy of Modena and Reggio
1508:Duchy of Massa and Carrara
982:Cambridge University Press
431:
416:area. It was originally a
141:shown within Italy in 1000
2589:
2553:
2528:
2442:
2377:
2366:
2330:
2270:Free Territory of Trieste
2130:
2060:
1999:
1982:
1906:
1843:
1806:
1788:Principality of Benevento
1780:
1757:
1702:
1691:
1633:
1603:
1355:
1305:
1259:
1190:
1177:
1140:
1055:
530:In 899, Atenulf defeated
467:, took the initiative in
364:
302:
298:
288:
278:
268:
256:
242:
232:
228:
218:
214:
201:
188:
184:
174:
164:
154:
146:
139:The Principality of Capua
132:
127:
91:
2176:Italian United Provinces
1528:Principality of Piombino
1317:Patrimony of Saint Peter
764:Redazione (2018-01-07).
746:List of Princes of Capua
626:, who made his brother,
555:Battle of the Garigliano
461:Radelchis I of Benevento
32:This article includes a
2500:Principality of Salerno
2264:Italian Social Republic
1939:Principality of Taranto
1831:Principality of Taranto
1793:Principality of Salerno
1548:Bishopric of Tarantasia
1371:Bishopric of Bressanone
1288:Duchy of the Pentapolis
630:, regent for his heir,
628:Pandulf II of Benevento
426:principality of Salerno
331:Principality of Salerno
61:more precise citations.
2170:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
1944:Terra Sancti Benedicti
1848:(from the 9th century)
1558:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
397:
385:
111:
97:
2648:Former principalities
2540:Elections in Campania
2495:Principality of Capua
2188:Republic of San Marco
1970:Crown Colony of Malta
1798:Principality of Capua
1538:Marquisate of Saluzzo
1401:County of Santa Fiora
1063:Etruscan civilization
960:The Dark Ages 476-918
952:, 1960–Present.
663:Guaimar IV of Salerno
378:Principality of Capua
93:Principality of Capua
2653:Capua (ancient city)
2412:Sorrentine Peninsula
1984:French Revolutionary
1924:State of the Presidi
1648:Republic of Florence
1620:Domini di Terraferma
1270:Exarchate of Ravenna
1168:Western Roman Empire
1112:Nuragic civilization
988:Norwich, John Julius
932:Chalandon, Ferdinand
655:Sergius IV of Naples
577:ruled in Benevento.
526:Union with Benevento
2619:41.1667°N 14.2833°E
2615: /
2258:Free State of Fiume
2206:Kingdom of Sardinia
1949:Neapolitan Republic
1897:Kingdom of Sardinia
1892:Republic of Sassari
1720:Catepanate of Italy
1643:Republic of Cospaia
1466:Duchy of Montferrat
1461:March of Montferrat
1396:County of Guastalla
1296:Exarchate of Africa
828:, pp. 120–122.
673:allies of Guaimar.
632:Pandulf II of Capua
603:receiving Salerno.
491:Pando the Rapacious
453:Siconulf of Salerno
398:Principato di Capua
112:Principato di Capua
2490:Duchy of Benevento
2088:Lucca and Piombino
1965:Malta Protectorate
1929:Duke of San Donato
1683:Republic of Ancona
1605:Republic of Venice
1518:Duchy of Mirandola
1406:Duchy of Guastalla
1244:Duchy of Tridentum
1224:Duchy of Benevento
1191:Barbarian kingdoms
889:Before the Normans
667:Holy Roman Emperor
438:duchy of Benevento
386:Principatus Capuae
98:Principatus Capuae
34:list of references
2598:
2597:
2510:Duchy of Sorrento
2450:Kingdom of Naples
2283:
2282:
2279:
2278:
2126:
2125:
2093:Massa and Carrara
1978:
1977:
1955:Hospitaller Malta
1914:Kingdom of Naples
1908:Kingdom of Sicily
1839:
1838:
1749:Duchy of Sorrento
1668:Republic of Genoa
1663:Republic of Siena
1658:Republic of Massa
1653:Republic of Lucca
1386:County of Gorizia
1376:Corsican Republic
1357:Holy Roman Empire
850:Wieruszowski 1971
804:, pp. 32–33.
703:Hauteville family
683:Richard of Aversa
585:Prince of Salerno
580:Langobardia minor
404:state centred on
374:
373:
360:
359:
356:
355:
344:Kingdom of Sicily
336:
335:
203:• 1127–1156
87:
86:
79:
2670:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2626:
2625:
2624:41.1667; 14.2833
2620:
2616:
2613:
2612:
2611:
2608:
2520:Ancient Campania
2434:List of communes
2372:
2322:
2321:
2310:
2303:
2296:
2287:
2286:
2244:Kingdom of Italy
2231:
2230:
1997:
1996:
1826:County of Sicily
1821:County of Aversa
1744:Byzantine Sicily
1730:Theme of Lucania
1700:
1699:
1678:Republic of Pisa
1673:Republic of Noli
1543:Duchy of Spoleto
1513:Duchy of Merania
1411:Kingdom of Italy
1337:Duchy of Ferrara
1282:Duchy of Perugia
1261:Byzantine Empire
1239:Duchy of Spoleto
1206:Ostrogothic rule
1188:
1187:
1056:Pre-Roman period
1042:
1035:
1028:
1019:
1018:
920:
911:
902:
883:
865:
859:
853:
852:, p. 55-56.
847:
841:
835:
829:
823:
817:
811:
805:
799:
793:
787:
781:
780:
778:
777:
761:
612:Emperor Otto III
571:Pandulf Ironhead
480:Emperor Louis II
352:
351:
340:
339:
327:
326:
320:
319:
304:
303:
137:
122:
114:
108:
100:
89:
88:
82:
75:
71:
68:
62:
57:this article by
48:inline citations
27:
26:
19:
2678:
2677:
2673:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2668:
2667:
2633:
2632:
2623:
2621:
2617:
2614:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2602:
2601:
2599:
2594:
2585:
2549:
2531:
2524:
2505:Duchy of Amalfi
2485:Duchy of Naples
2480:Italia province
2438:
2417:Terra di Lavoro
2373:
2364:
2326:
2316:
2314:
2284:
2275:
2229:
2132:
2131:Post-Napoleonic
2122:
2056:
1992:
1986:
1974:
1916:
1912:
1911:(1130–1816) and
1910:
1902:
1847:
1835:
1802:
1776:
1767:Emirate of Bari
1753:
1740:Theme of Sicily
1735:Duchy of Naples
1710:Duchy of Amalfi
1695:
1687:
1635:
1634:Other Republics
1629:
1607:
1599:
1593:County of Tenda
1573:County of Savoy
1533:Duchy of Reggio
1503:Duchy of Mantua
1431:March of Friuli
1363:
1361:
1359:
1351:
1347:Duchy of Urbino
1332:Duchy of Castro
1309:
1301:
1255:
1249:Duchy of Tuscia
1229:Duchy of Friuli
1192:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1173:
1152:(753 BC–509 BC)
1136:
1051:
1046:
1009:
928:
926:Further reading
923:
899:
873:
868:
860:
856:
848:
844:
836:
832:
824:
820:
812:
808:
800:
796:
788:
784:
775:
773:
762:
758:
754:
742:
679:
659:John V of Gaeta
620:
589:Duke of Spoleto
528:
446:Beneventan duke
442:Landulf the Old
434:
414:Terra di Lavoro
349:
324:
291:
281:
271:
263:
259:
251:
249:
245:
235:
204:
191:
190:• 887–910
142:
140:
123:
116:
109:
102:
94:
83:
72:
66:
63:
52:
38:related reading
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2676:
2666:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2643:Italian states
2596:
2595:
2590:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2557:
2555:
2551:
2550:
2548:
2547:
2542:
2536:
2534:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2446:
2444:
2440:
2439:
2437:
2436:
2431:
2424:
2422:Vallo di Diano
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2383:
2381:
2375:
2374:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2336:
2334:
2328:
2327:
2313:
2312:
2305:
2298:
2290:
2281:
2280:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2273:
2267:
2261:
2255:
2254:
2253:
2250:Italian Empire
2240:
2238:
2228:
2227:
2221:
2215:
2209:
2203:
2197:
2194:Roman Republic
2191:
2185:
2179:
2173:
2167:
2161:
2155:
2149:
2146:Duchy of Lucca
2143:
2140:Duchy of Genoa
2136:
2134:
2128:
2127:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2064:
2062:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2003:
2001:
1994:
1980:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1920:
1918:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1900:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1883:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1851:
1849:
1841:
1840:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1812:
1810:
1804:
1803:
1801:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1784:
1782:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1774:
1769:
1763:
1761:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1751:
1746:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1715:Duchy of Gaeta
1712:
1706:
1704:
1697:
1693:Southern Italy
1689:
1688:
1686:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1639:
1637:
1636:(c. 1000–1797)
1631:
1630:
1628:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1611:
1609:
1601:
1600:
1598:
1597:
1596:
1595:
1590:
1588:County of Nice
1585:
1583:Duchy of Aosta
1580:
1575:
1570:
1563:Savoyard state
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1498:Duchy of Milan
1495:
1493:Duchy of Ivrea
1490:
1489:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1367:
1365:
1353:
1352:
1350:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1313:
1311:
1303:
1302:
1300:
1299:
1293:
1292:
1291:
1285:
1279:
1266:
1264:
1257:
1256:
1254:
1253:
1252:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1234:Duchy of Ivrea
1231:
1226:
1215:
1209:
1203:
1200:Odoacer's rule
1196:
1194:
1185:
1175:
1174:
1172:
1171:
1165:
1164:(27 BC–395 AD)
1159:
1158:(509 BC–27 BC)
1156:Roman Republic
1153:
1146:
1144:
1138:
1137:
1135:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1095:Cisalpine Gaul
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1071:
1070:
1059:
1057:
1053:
1052:
1045:
1044:
1037:
1030:
1022:
1016:
1015:
1013:Medieval Capua
1008:
1007:External links
1005:
1004:
1003:
985:
967:
962:. Rivingtons:
953:
943:
927:
924:
922:
921:
912:
903:
897:
884:
874:
872:
869:
867:
866:
864:, p. 784.
854:
842:
840:, p. 187.
838:Chalandon 1926
830:
818:
806:
794:
782:
755:
753:
750:
749:
748:
741:
738:
678:
675:
619:
616:
534:and conquered
527:
524:
495:Bishop Landulf
459:in the pay of
433:
430:
410:Southern Italy
372:
371:
366:
362:
361:
358:
357:
354:
353:
346:
337:
334:
333:
328:
316:
315:
310:
300:
299:
296:
295:
292:
289:
286:
285:
282:
279:
276:
275:
272:
269:
266:
265:
260:
257:
254:
253:
246:
243:
240:
239:
236:
233:
230:
229:
226:
225:
220:
219:Historical era
216:
215:
212:
211:
205:
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199:
198:
192:
189:
186:
185:
182:
181:
178:
172:
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156:
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148:
144:
143:
138:
130:
129:
125:
124:
95:
92:
85:
84:
42:external links
31:
29:
22:
16:Medieval State
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2675:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2631:
2628:
2593:
2588:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2552:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2533:
2527:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2470:Magna Graecia
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2447:
2445:
2441:
2435:
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2430:
2429:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
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2398:
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2262:
2259:
2256:
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2248:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2232:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2213:
2210:
2207:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2183:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2129:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
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2065:
2063:
2059:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2004:
2002:
1998:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1981:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1934:Duchy of Sora
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1915:
1909:
1905:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1857:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1805:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1779:
1773:
1772:Muslim Sicily
1770:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1756:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1701:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1632:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
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1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
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1444:
1442:
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1424:
1422:
1419:
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1414:
1413:
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1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
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1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1366:
1358:
1354:
1348:
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1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1297:
1294:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1276:Duchy of Rome
1274:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1258:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1213:
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1201:
1198:
1197:
1195:
1189:
1186:
1176:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1150:Roman Kingdom
1148:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1139:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1122:Magna Graecia
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1043:
1038:
1036:
1031:
1029:
1024:
1023:
1020:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
986:
983:
979:
975:
974:Whitney, J.P.
971:
970:Gwatkin, H.M.
968:
965:
961:
957:
956:Oman, Charles
954:
951:
947:
944:
941:
937:
933:
930:
929:
918:
913:
909:
904:
900:
898:0-8122-1587-7
894:
890:
885:
881:
876:
875:
863:
858:
851:
846:
839:
834:
827:
826:Kreutz (1996)
822:
816:, p. 40.
815:
814:Kreutz (1996)
810:
803:
802:Kreutz (1996)
798:
792:, p. 23.
791:
790:Kreutz (1996)
786:
771:
767:
760:
756:
747:
744:
743:
737:
733:
731:
727:
723:
719:
714:
712:
711:central Italy
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
674:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
635:
633:
629:
625:
615:
613:
609:
604:
602:
598:
594:
591:from Emperor
590:
586:
582:
581:
576:
572:
567:
565:
561:
556:
551:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
523:
521:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
487:
485:
481:
476:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
447:
443:
439:
429:
427:
424:, within the
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
370:
367:
365:Today part of
363:
347:
345:
342:
341:
338:
332:
329:
322:
321:
318:
317:
314:
311:
309:
306:
305:
301:
297:
293:
287:
283:
277:
273:
267:
261:
255:
247:
241:
237:
231:
227:
224:
221:
217:
213:
209:
206:
200:
196:
193:
187:
183:
179:
177:
173:
170:
167:
163:
160:
157:
153:
149:
145:
136:
131:
126:
120:
113:
106:
99:
90:
81:
78:
70:
60:
56:
50:
49:
43:
39:
35:
30:
21:
20:
2600:
2581:Coat of arms
2561:Demographics
2530:Politics and
2494:
2475:Samnite Wars
2465:Two Sicilies
2426:
2387:Amalfi Coast
2246:(1861–1946)
2224:Papal States
2052:Transpadania
1797:
1625:Stato da Màr
1307:Papal States
1218:Lombard rule
1182:Early Modern
1170:(395–476 AD)
1162:Roman Empire
1142:Ancient Rome
991:
977:
976:(ed) et al.
959:
945:
935:
916:
907:
888:
879:
857:
845:
833:
821:
809:
797:
785:
774:. Retrieved
772:(in Italian)
770:Vesuvio Live
769:
759:
734:
715:
713:primarily.
707:Papal States
687:Landulf VIII
680:
636:
621:
618:11th century
605:
578:
568:
552:
532:Radelchis II
529:
519:
488:
483:
477:
435:
389:
377:
375:
313:Succeeded by
312:
307:
73:
64:
53:Please help
45:
2622: /
2272:(1947–1954)
2266:(1943–1945)
2260:(1920–1924)
2252:(1882–1960)
2236:unification
2226:(1814–1870)
2220:(1815–1866)
2214:(1816–1861)
2208:(1814–1860)
2202:(1859–1860)
2196:(1849–1850)
2190:(1848–1849)
2172:(1815–1859)
2166:(1814–1859)
2160:(1814–1859)
2154:(1814–1829)
2148:(1815–1847)
2142:(1815–1848)
2032:Parthenopea
1993:(1792–1815)
1951:(1647–1648)
1917:(1282–1816)
1899:(1324–1861)
1860:Agugliastra
1725:Longobardia
1362:independent
1212:Vandal rule
862:Pacaut 2002
677:Norman rule
624:Landulf VII
575:Landulf III
475:of today.
308:Preceded by
223:Middle Ages
59:introducing
2637:Categories
2610:14°17′00″E
2607:41°10′00″N
2592:Categories
2532:government
2103:Pontecorvo
2061:Monarchies
2047:Subalpinia
2012:Cispadania
2007:Cisalpinia
1989:Napoleonic
1696:(774–1139)
1608:(697–1797)
1310:(754–1870)
1272:(584–751)
1220:(568–774)
871:References
776:2023-07-06
722:Richard II
647:Pandulf IV
608:Landulf IV
601:Pandulf II
597:Landulf IV
560:Landulf II
499:Athanasius
469:fortifying
418:gastaldate
165:Government
2566:Geography
2345:Benevento
2332:Provinces
2078:Guastalla
2068:Benevento
2000:Republics
1855:Judicates
1703:Byzantine
1360:and other
1298:(585–698)
1290:(554–752)
1284:(554–752)
1278:(533–751)
1263:(584–751)
1214:(435–534)
1208:(493–553)
1202:(476–493)
1193:(476–774)
1127:Iapygians
752:Citations
726:Jordan II
536:Benevento
515:Atenulf I
511:Lando III
507:Pandenulf
420:, then a
208:Robert II
195:Atenulf I
67:June 2017
2460:Viceroys
2455:Monarchs
2340:Avellino
2324:Campania
2037:Piedmont
1887:Oristano
1880:Logudoro
1870:Cagliari
1845:Sardinia
1578:Piedmont
1327:Holy See
1178:Medieval
1132:Picentes
1075:Samnites
996:Longmans
740:See also
730:Roger II
695:Jordan I
564:Gisulf I
489:In 861,
457:Saracens
400:) was a
169:Monarchy
128:861–1139
2554:Culture
2443:History
2407:Samnium
2402:Islands
2397:Irpinia
2392:Cilento
2360:Salerno
2350:Caserta
2118:Corsica
2108:Tuscany
2073:Etruria
2022:Liguria
1875:Gallura
1865:Arborea
1781:Lombard
1481:Tuscany
1471:Trieste
1107:Ligures
1068:Etruria
1002:, 1967.
984:, 1926.
966:, 1914.
942:, 1907.
699:Drengot
540:Landulf
484:Divisio
465:Lando I
432:Origins
402:Lombard
394:Italian
197:(first)
155:Capital
119:Italian
55:improve
2379:Places
2355:Naples
2184:(1848)
2178:(1831)
2133:states
2098:Naples
1808:Norman
1615:Dogado
1486:Verona
1451:Mantua
1446:Istria
1426:Finale
1416:Ancona
1364:states
1184:states
1102:Veneti
1080:Latins
1000:London
964:London
895:
671:Norman
651:Amalfi
643:Naples
593:Otto I
544:Naples
503:Naples
449:Sicard
422:county
262:
250:
248:
210:(last)
180:
176:Prince
147:Status
115:
101:
2658:Capua
2571:Music
2234:Post-
2083:Italy
2027:Lucca
2017:Italy
1568:Savoy
1476:Turin
1456:Milan
1441:Ivrea
1117:Umbri
1090:Celts
940:Paris
718:Lando
691:popes
639:Gaeta
548:Gaeta
473:Capua
406:Capua
390:Capue
382:Latin
369:Italy
159:Capua
105:Latin
40:, or
2576:Flag
2113:Elba
2042:Rome
1991:eras
1987:and
1960:Gozo
1759:Arab
1742:and
1421:Ceva
1085:Osci
950:Rome
893:ISBN
709:and
657:and
546:and
520:à la
376:The
294:1139
284:1127
274:1058
1180:and
641:or
428:.
408:in
388:or
264:899
252:887
238:861
2639::
998::
994:.
990:.
980:.
972:,
958:.
948:.
938:.
934:.
768:.
396::
392:,
384::
44:,
36:,
2309:e
2302:t
2295:v
1041:e
1034:t
1027:v
901:.
779:.
380:(
121:)
117:(
107:)
103:(
80:)
74:(
69:)
65:(
51:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
