890:
58:
268:
221:
1482:
196:
1026:
2446:
1565:
41:
980:
During the early 18th century, Guria faced an increasing political and economic downfall due to the
Ottoman encroachments as well as repeated occasions of civil strife. Attempts by the Gurian princes to enter into alliances with other Georgian rulers and Russia resulted in a series of Turkish
1048:
customs and habits, Mamia initiated a series of reforms and modernized administration, economy, and education. He remained loyal to the
Russian crown even in 1820, when his uncle, Kaikhosro, joined the rebellion in Imereti and Guria, which broke out spontaneously in protest to the Russian
1044:(1803â26) accepted Russian suzerainty, receiving insignia of investiture from the Tsar. Guria joined the empire as an autonomous principality, retaining its self-governance and a local code. Very desirous of adopting
1064:. On September 2, 1829, the Russian authorities deposed David and forced Sophia into exile to Turkey. Guria was annexed to the Russian Empire, first under a provisional governance, and then, in 1840, as the Ozurgeti
937:. The incessant feudal wars in western Georgia resulted in the decline of Guria, which eventually succumbed to the vassalage of the neighboring principality of Mingrelia. Yet, several princes of Guria, most notably
1632:
933:(1600â1625) managed to reconquer Adjara in 1609, but was eventually forced to renounce, on December 13, 1614, any claims to the region and pay annual tribute to the
3140:
1513:
1270:
1009:
and
Turkish inroads, resulted in a virtual depopulation of several areas of Guria towards the late 18th century. The population of Guria was estimated by
3130:
2056:
1781:
945:(1689â1714) managed to occasionally attain to the crown of Mingrelia and even of Imereti. The princely vassals of the Gurieli included the houses of
1005:
being the surest way to escape slavery. The rest of the
Christian population had to move to safer regions of Georgia. This, combined with extensive
1930:
1014:
822:
of
Georgia was on the decline, the Vardanisdze-Gurieli dynasty joined a rebellion of the great nobles of western Georgia, led by a royal kinsman,
3145:
742:
2679:
2566:
2561:
2553:
2302:
1940:
1733:
1675:
1670:
608:
3091:
2526:
1776:
3063:
2069:
1998:
1801:
1771:
1652:
1506:
807:) ascended the throne, the Svans revolted to the northeast of Guria. Bagrat defeated them but subsequently ceded Guria to the Eristav of
2971:
2582:
1791:
1680:
1263:
2491:
1831:
1796:
1647:
2486:
2414:
1826:
1685:
1642:
1609:
671:
2908:
2750:
2542:
989:
to the
Ottomans and the whole coastline of Guria had been garrisoned by the Turks. The Gurian support to the Russians during the
624:
2938:
2725:
2536:
2424:
2358:
2049:
1499:
881:
in the north of
Abkhazia. This setback enabled the king of Imereti to reassert his hegemony over Guria, but for a short time.
842:) for each of his major allies, including the Gurieli family which became semi-independent rulers of Guria with their seat at
2914:
2766:
2430:
1256:
251:
2893:
2664:
2516:
2404:
656:
2531:
2521:
925:(1534â64). The situation became even more precarious after the allied army of Georgian dynasts suffered a defeat at the
838:, i.e., western Georgia. However, in return for their aid, the new monarch was obliged to create a vassal principality (
57:
2506:
2481:
2471:
2348:
1462:
1102:
620:
488:
3003:
2925:
2798:
2652:
2632:
2317:
2198:
2042:
1841:
1139:
1037:
990:
596:
452:
2715:
2657:
889:
2960:
2873:
2674:
2647:
2593:
2368:
2255:
2245:
1061:
2933:
2760:
2637:
2454:
2333:
1457:
612:
512:
2898:
2620:
1723:
1311:
504:
1171:
901:
independence from
Imereti, but faced much more serious threat from its newly emerged southern neighbor, the
3056:
2781:
2755:
2703:
2642:
2343:
2077:
1993:
1283:
1049:
mistreatment of
Georgian church and heavy taxation. When Mamia died on October 26, 1826, his underage son,
681:
616:
500:
352:
259:
1481:
865:. The polities of western Georgia fought one another for supremacy, particularly the Gurieli of Guria and
745:. Its boundaries fluctuated in the course of permanent conflicts with neighboring Georgian rulers and the
2740:
2730:
2466:
2409:
2240:
2218:
2097:
782:
666:
484:
468:
408:
284:
3072:
2965:
2903:
2878:
2399:
2152:
1920:
651:
492:
376:
348:
321:
3008:
2689:
2669:
2307:
2280:
1447:
1399:
1224:
1198:
1057:
850:(1483â1512) was recognized as a sovereign prince. From this time on, the Gurieli also invested local
589:
576:
560:
464:
364:
3077:
2720:
2419:
2265:
2223:
2208:
2142:
1404:
1366:
1131:
859:
709:
676:
564:
476:
356:
344:
109:
1060:. Anxious to secure her autonomy from the Russian government, she sided with the Turks during the
3135:
3023:
2745:
2270:
2193:
2102:
1958:
1414:
1350:
556:
436:
420:
288:
2168:
1874:
1334:
905:, which imposed, in the 1540s, a naval blockade of Guria and annexed its southern provinces of
862:
827:
472:
404:
785:
and started asserting its independence in the 1280s, but the
Mongols forced them to submit to
267:
974:
873:. They forged a temporary alliance and organized, in January 1533, an ultimately disastrous
2684:
2178:
823:
812:
525:
412:
1564:
8:
2858:
2835:
2496:
2338:
2312:
2235:
2188:
2092:
1339:
1212:
1186:
926:
797:
786:
480:
440:
340:
277:
48:
40:
2883:
2378:
2363:
2292:
2260:
2250:
2213:
2183:
2173:
1431:
1426:
1394:
1389:
1371:
1069:
1006:
938:
835:
831:
819:
762:
661:
628:
600:
548:
544:
536:
456:
428:
416:
201:
69:
2953:
2948:
2844:
2813:
2445:
2287:
2228:
2203:
2132:
2065:
1743:
1523:
1467:
1421:
1361:
1248:
1135:
1108:
1098:
942:
718:
698:
540:
448:
432:
336:
99:
3013:
2818:
2793:
2501:
2394:
2112:
2107:
1054:
1036:
The latter-day princes of Guria firmly chose a pro-Russian orientation. During the
1010:
930:
847:
808:
738:
646:
389:
372:
300:
296:
834:. As a result, George VIII lost all the western provinces, and Bagrat was crowned
749:, and the principality enjoyed various degrees of autonomy until being annexed by
3035:
2511:
2373:
2353:
2297:
2147:
1452:
1344:
1166:
1162:
1041:
1025:
954:
874:
858:, Jumati, and Khinotsminda, nominally under the spiritual superintendence of the
750:
734:
604:
568:
508:
496:
368:
76:
1491:
2830:
2008:
1968:
1158:
922:
902:
770:
746:
572:
532:
460:
444:
239:
214:
3124:
3106:
3093:
2993:
2888:
2865:
2823:
2735:
2606:
1988:
1220:
1194:
1112:
1050:
966:
934:
3018:
2851:
2803:
1950:
1912:
1710:
998:
332:
2988:
2003:
1554:
962:
766:
396:
761:
Since the beginning of 13th century, Guria, one of the provinces of the
3030:
1935:
1821:
1581:
1029:
970:
958:
950:
918:
855:
741:
from the 1460s to 1829. The principality emerged during the process of
777:). The Gurian ruler to which the Georgian crown attached the title of
2943:
2476:
2023:
1978:
1897:
1892:
1854:
1786:
1637:
1279:
870:
730:
400:
2998:
2601:
2034:
2018:
2013:
1963:
1756:
1751:
1728:
1718:
1695:
1586:
1531:
1354:
1002:
997:
and the surrounding area were detached from Guria and subjected to
994:
946:
914:
898:
843:
774:
424:
89:
830:. In 1463, Bagrat and his allies met and defeated the king at the
2571:
2127:
2122:
1983:
1925:
1902:
1864:
1849:
1811:
1700:
1662:
1627:
1619:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1306:
1301:
910:
866:
839:
778:
328:
304:
292:
128:
124:
1973:
2808:
2576:
2137:
2117:
1887:
1882:
1766:
1761:
1690:
1604:
1573:
1316:
1045:
986:
982:
906:
851:
726:
360:
308:
1859:
1816:
1806:
1596:
1065:
878:
737:, and was ruled by a succession of twenty-two princes of the
722:
1242:(in Georgian). Vol. 3. Tbilisi. 1978. pp. 314â315.
897:
From the mid-16th century, the princes of Guria enjoyed a
1278:
993:
caused a severe reaction from the Ottoman government.
1095:
The Byzantine monuments and topography of the Pontos
1238:"ááŁá ááᥠáĄáááááá á" [Principality of Guria].
1217:The Last Years of the Georgian Monarchy: 1658-1832
1191:The Last Years of the Georgian Monarchy: 1658-1832
811:in c. 1362, and the Guria was usually held by the
1521:
1053:succeeded him on the throne under the regency of
3122:
3141:States and territories established in the 1460s
1157:
1153:
1151:
1128:The Making of the Georgian Nation: 2nd edition
981:punitive raids. By 1723, the Gurieli had lost
826:, who refused to accept the authority of King
702:
2050:
1507:
1264:
743:fragmentation of a unified Kingdom of Georgia
609:Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic
1148:
884:
3131:Former principalities of Georgia (country)
2057:
2043:
1514:
1500:
1271:
1257:
773:was administered by hereditary governors (
56:
1024:
1020:
888:
729:in Georgia, it was located between the
47:18th century coat of arms according to
3146:Tributary states of the Ottoman Empire
3123:
2038:
1495:
1252:
1092:
921:, which had earlier been acquired by
796:) in about 1330. However, soon after
497:Armenia within the Kingdom of Georgia
161:⢠Annexation by Imperial Russia
2064:
1211:
1185:
1125:
1088:
1086:
1084:
818:In the 1460s, when the power of the
1179:
1119:
781:("of Guria") took advantage of the
13:
2349:Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic
621:Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic
14:
3157:
2199:Unification of the Georgian realm
1842:Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti
1081:
893:The Principality of Guria in 1490
597:Georgia within the Russian Empire
453:Unification of the Georgian realm
2444:
2318:Absorption by the Russian Empire
1563:
1480:
1017:at 6,000 families in the 1770s.
756:
266:
219:
194:
39:
16:Historical state in the Caucasus
877:against the piratical tribe of
802:
791:
2334:Democratic Republic of Georgia
1458:Democratic Republic of Georgia
1231:
1205:
714:
613:Democratic Republic of Georgia
513:Collapse of the Georgian realm
489:Kingdom of Georgia (1256â1329)
151:⢠Feudal wars in Georgia
1:
1075:
1062:Russo-Turkish War (1828â1829)
1038:Russo-Turkish War (1806â1812)
991:Russo-Turkish War (1768â1774)
505:Turkoman invasions of Georgia
2594:Russian-occupied territories
2425:Timeline of Georgian history
1240:áĽáá ááŁáá áĄáááááá áááŞááááááááá
1126:Suny, Ronald Grigor (1994).
717:) was a historical state in
617:Red Army invasion of Georgia
501:Timurid invasions of Georgia
7:
485:Mongol invasions of Georgia
409:Umayyad invasion of Georgia
10:
3162:
2153:Christianization of Iberia
1561:
1172:EncyclopĂŚdia metropolitana
1169:, eds. (1845). "Georgia".
783:Mongol invasion of Georgia
493:Kingdom of Western Georgia
377:Christianization of Iberia
349:Artaxiad dynasty of Iberia
3050:
2981:
2924:
2789:
2780:
2711:
2702:
2628:
2619:
2592:
2552:
2462:
2453:
2442:
2387:
2326:
2308:Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti
2281:Principality of Mingrelia
2161:
2085:
2076:
1949:
1911:
1873:
1840:
1742:
1709:
1661:
1618:
1595:
1572:
1530:
1478:
1448:Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti
1440:
1400:Principality of Mingrelia
1380:
1325:
1294:
1290:
1225:Columbia University Press
1199:Columbia University Press
721:. Centered on modern-day
703:
577:Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti
561:Principality of Mingrelia
465:Kingdom of Kakheti-Hereti
365:Arsacid dynasty of Iberia
235:
173:
169:
159:
149:
145:
137:
123:
115:
105:
95:
85:
64:
55:
36:
31:
21:
2562:Administrative divisions
2303:Shah Abbas I's invasions
2266:Principality of Abkhazia
2209:First Kingdom of Kakheti
1432:Principality of Samtskhe
1405:Principality of Abkhazia
1367:First Kingdom of Kakheti
1132:Indiana University Press
885:Under the Ottoman Empire
787:George V "the Brilliant"
565:Principality of Abkhazia
345:Georgia in the Roman era
2271:Principality of Svaneti
2194:Kingdom of the Iberians
2098:ShulaveriâShomu culture
1415:Principality of Svaneti
1093:Bryer, Anthony (2008).
557:Principality of Svaneti
469:ByzantineâGeorgian wars
437:Kingdom of the Iberians
285:ShulaveriâShomu culture
2169:Principality of Iberia
1875:Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti
1522:Historical regions of
1335:Principality of Iberia
1033:
894:
863:Catholicos of Abkhazia
828:George VIII of Georgia
473:Great Turkish Invasion
405:Principality of Iberia
2313:1795 Persian Invasion
2276:Principality of Guria
1410:Principality of Guria
1028:
1021:Under Imperial Russia
975:Eristavi-Shervashidze
892:
695:Principality of Guria
553:Principality of Guria
96:Common languages
23:Principality of Guria
2909:World Heritage Sites
2492:Environmental issues
1040:, on June 19, 1810,
813:House of Vardanisdze
526:Early modern history
477:GeorgianâSeljuk wars
413:Arab rule in Georgia
357:IberianâArmenian War
3107:41.9333°N 41.9833°E
3103: /
2359:Independent Georgia
2189:Kingdom of Abkhazia
2103:KuraâAraxes culture
2093:Prehistoric Georgia
1340:Kingdom of Abkhazia
927:Battle of Sokhoista
798:Bagrat V of Georgia
481:Georgian Golden Age
441:Kingdom of Abkhazia
341:Pharnavazid dynasty
289:KuraâAraxes culture
278:Prehistoric Georgia
2751:Telecommunications
2379:Russo-Georgian War
2293:Kingdom of Kakheti
2261:Kingdom of Imereti
2256:Turkmen incursions
2251:Samtskhe atabegate
2214:Kingdom of Georgia
2184:Emirate of Tbilisi
2174:Bagrationi dynasty
1427:Kingdom of Kakheti
1395:Kingdom of Imereti
1390:Kingdom of Georgia
1372:Emirate of Tbilisi
1349:Principalities of
1282:states throughout
1070:Kutais Governorate
1034:
939:Giorgi III Gurieli
895:
832:Battle of Chikhori
820:Bagrationi dynasty
765:, located between
763:Kingdom of Georgia
629:Russo-Georgian War
625:Georgia since 1991
601:1832 Georgian plot
549:Kingdom of Imereti
545:Kingdom of Kakheti
537:Samtskhe-Saatabago
457:Kingdom of Georgia
429:Bagrationi dynasty
417:Emirate of Tbilisi
353:Campaign of Pompey
260:History of Georgia
202:Kingdom of Imereti
70:Kingdom of Imereti
3086:
3085:
3046:
3045:
2939:Ethnic minorities
2868:
2861:
2854:
2847:
2776:
2775:
2698:
2697:
2680:Political parties
2643:Foreign relations
2615:
2614:
2440:
2439:
2344:Red Army invasion
2288:Kingdom of Kartli
2246:Timur's invasions
2229:Battle of Didgori
2204:Kingdom of Hereti
2133:Kingdom of Iberia
2032:
2031:
1744:Mtskheta-Mtianeti
1489:
1488:
1476:
1475:
1453:Republic of Guria
1422:Kingdom of Kartli
1362:Kingdom of Hereti
1013:at 5,000, and by
943:Mamia III Gurieli
860:Georgian Orthodox
725:, a southwestern
691:
690:
541:Kingdom of Kartli
449:Duchy of Kldekari
433:Kingdom of Hereti
425:Duchy of Klarjeti
337:Kingdom of Iberia
293:Legend of Kartlos
245:
244:
231:
230:
227:
226:
207:
206:
110:Georgian Orthodox
3153:
3118:
3117:
3115:
3114:
3113:
3112:41.9333; 41.9833
3108:
3104:
3101:
3100:
3099:
3096:
3066:
3059:
2864:
2857:
2850:
2843:
2787:
2786:
2709:
2708:
2626:
2625:
2567:Cities and towns
2502:Greater Caucasus
2460:
2459:
2448:
2410:Military history
2395:Names of Georgia
2241:Mongol invasions
2113:Colchian culture
2108:Trialeti culture
2083:
2082:
2059:
2052:
2045:
2036:
2035:
1782:Tskhradzmiskhevi
1567:
1516:
1509:
1502:
1493:
1492:
1484:
1292:
1291:
1273:
1266:
1259:
1250:
1249:
1244:
1243:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1209:
1203:
1202:
1183:
1177:
1176:
1167:Rose, Henry John
1163:Rose, Hugh James
1155:
1146:
1145:
1123:
1117:
1116:
1090:
1055:Princess Dowager
1032:from Guria, 1887
931:Mamia II Gurieli
848:Giorgi I Gurieli
806:
805: 1360â1390
804:
795:
794: 1299â1346
793:
739:House of Gurieli
716:
713:
706:
705:
667:Military history
641:History by topic
373:Chosroid dynasty
301:Colchian culture
297:Trialeti culture
270:
247:
246:
223:
222:
211:
210:
198:
197:
191:
190:
175:
174:
165:September 2 1829
81:
74:
68:Client state of
60:
43:
19:
18:
3161:
3160:
3156:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3151:
3150:
3121:
3120:
3111:
3109:
3105:
3102:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3082:
3069:
3062:
3055:
3042:
2977:
2920:
2894:Public holidays
2772:
2736:Lari (currency)
2694:
2665:Law enforcement
2611:
2588:
2548:
2527:Protected areas
2512:Lesser Caucasus
2449:
2436:
2383:
2374:Rose Revolution
2369:War in Abkhazia
2354:April 9 tragedy
2322:
2298:Safavid Georgia
2157:
2148:Sasanian Iberia
2072:
2063:
2033:
2028:
1945:
1907:
1869:
1836:
1738:
1705:
1657:
1614:
1591:
1568:
1559:
1526:
1520:
1490:
1485:
1472:
1436:
1382:
1376:
1345:Bagratid Iberia
1327:
1321:
1286:
1277:
1247:
1237:
1236:
1232:
1210:
1206:
1184:
1180:
1159:Smedley, Edward
1156:
1149:
1142:
1124:
1120:
1105:
1091:
1082:
1078:
1042:Mamia V Gurieli
1023:
955:Maksimenishvili
941:(1669â84), and
887:
836:king of Imereti
801:
790:
759:
751:Imperial Russia
735:Lesser Caucasus
715:guriis samtavro
708:
704:ááŁá ááᥠáĄáááááá á
687:
686:
642:
634:
633:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
605:Gurian Republic
603:
599:
592:
582:
581:
575:
571:
569:Safavid Georgia
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
528:
518:
517:
511:
509:Duchy of Aragvi
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
445:Theme of Iberia
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
392:
382:
381:
375:
371:
369:Sasanian Iberia
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
324:
322:Ancient history
314:
313:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
280:
220:
195:
162:
152:
79:
77:Imperial Russia
75:
72:
51:
45:
44:
27:
26:ááŁá ááᥠáĄáááááá á
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3159:
3149:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3136:Russian Empire
3133:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3080:
3075:
3068:
3067:
3060:
3052:
3051:
3048:
3047:
3044:
3043:
3041:
3040:
3039:
3038:
3028:
3027:
3026:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2985:
2983:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2975:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2957:
2956:
2951:
2941:
2936:
2930:
2928:
2922:
2921:
2919:
2918:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2870:
2869:
2862:
2855:
2848:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2827:
2826:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2790:
2784:
2778:
2777:
2774:
2773:
2771:
2770:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2746:Stock Exchange
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2712:
2706:
2700:
2699:
2696:
2695:
2693:
2692:
2690:Prime Minister
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2661:
2660:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2629:
2623:
2617:
2616:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2609:
2604:
2598:
2596:
2590:
2589:
2587:
2586:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2558:
2556:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2546:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2522:National parks
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2463:
2457:
2451:
2450:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2434:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2391:
2389:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2330:
2328:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2284:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2232:
2231:
2221:
2219:Byzantine wars
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2165:
2163:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2089:
2087:
2080:
2074:
2073:
2062:
2061:
2054:
2047:
2039:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1955:
1953:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1931:Maghrandvaleti
1928:
1923:
1917:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1879:
1877:
1871:
1870:
1868:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1846:
1844:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1748:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1715:
1713:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1667:
1665:
1659:
1658:
1656:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1624:
1622:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1612:
1607:
1601:
1599:
1593:
1592:
1590:
1589:
1584:
1578:
1576:
1570:
1569:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1536:
1534:
1528:
1527:
1519:
1518:
1511:
1504:
1496:
1487:
1486:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1444:
1442:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1418:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1392:
1386:
1384:
1378:
1377:
1375:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1358:
1357:
1342:
1337:
1331:
1329:
1323:
1322:
1320:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1298:
1296:
1288:
1287:
1276:
1275:
1268:
1261:
1253:
1246:
1245:
1230:
1213:Lang, David M.
1204:
1187:Lang, David M.
1178:
1175:. p. 532.
1147:
1140:
1134:. p. 45.
1118:
1104:978159740317-7
1103:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1022:
1019:
923:Rostom Gurieli
903:Ottoman Empire
886:
883:
771:Chorokhi river
758:
755:
747:Ottoman Empire
689:
688:
685:
684:
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
654:
649:
643:
640:
639:
636:
635:
632:
631:
593:
590:Modern history
588:
587:
584:
583:
580:
579:
573:Childir Eyalet
533:Duchy of Ksani
529:
524:
523:
520:
519:
516:
515:
461:Duchy of Racha
393:
388:
387:
384:
383:
380:
379:
325:
320:
319:
316:
315:
312:
311:
281:
276:
275:
272:
271:
263:
262:
256:
255:
243:
242:
240:Guria, Georgia
237:
233:
232:
229:
228:
225:
224:
217:
215:Russian Empire
208:
205:
204:
199:
187:
186:
181:
171:
170:
167:
166:
163:
160:
157:
156:
153:
150:
147:
146:
143:
142:
139:
135:
134:
131:
121:
120:
117:
113:
112:
107:
103:
102:
97:
93:
92:
87:
83:
82:
66:
62:
61:
53:
52:
46:
38:
37:
34:
33:
29:
28:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3158:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3128:
3126:
3119:
3116:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3070:
3065:
3061:
3058:
3054:
3053:
3049:
3037:
3034:
3033:
3032:
3029:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2994:Bolnisi cross
2992:
2990:
2987:
2986:
2984:
2980:
2974:
2973:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2946:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2931:
2929:
2927:
2923:
2917:
2916:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2867:
2863:
2860:
2856:
2853:
2849:
2846:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2791:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2779:
2769:
2768:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2713:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2701:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2659:
2656:
2655:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2618:
2608:
2607:South Ossetia
2605:
2603:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2595:
2591:
2585:
2584:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2551:
2545:
2544:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2464:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2452:
2447:
2433:
2432:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2386:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2331:
2329:
2325:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2263:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2160:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2060:
2055:
2053:
2048:
2046:
2041:
2040:
2037:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1948:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1872:
1866:
1865:Kvemo Svaneti
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1839:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1741:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1708:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1660:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1617:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1594:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1571:
1566:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1517:
1512:
1510:
1505:
1503:
1498:
1497:
1494:
1483:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1443:
1441:Modern period
1439:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1381:High and Late
1379:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1347:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1324:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1274:
1269:
1267:
1262:
1260:
1255:
1254:
1251:
1241:
1234:
1227:. p. 56.
1226:
1222:
1221:New York City
1218:
1214:
1208:
1201:. p. 52.
1200:
1196:
1195:New York City
1192:
1188:
1182:
1174:
1173:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1154:
1152:
1143:
1141:0-253-20915-3
1137:
1133:
1129:
1122:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1100:
1096:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1080:
1073:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1056:
1052:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1031:
1027:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
978:
976:
972:
968:
967:Shalikashvili
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
935:Sublime Porte
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
891:
882:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
816:
814:
810:
799:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
757:Early history
754:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
711:
700:
696:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
644:
638:
637:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
595:
594:
591:
586:
585:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
531:
530:
527:
522:
521:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
395:
394:
391:
386:
385:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
327:
326:
323:
318:
317:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
283:
282:
279:
274:
273:
269:
265:
264:
261:
258:
257:
253:
249:
248:
241:
238:
236:Today part of
234:
218:
216:
213:
212:
209:
203:
200:
193:
192:
189:
188:
185:
182:
180:
177:
176:
172:
168:
164:
158:
154:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
111:
108:
104:
101:
98:
94:
91:
88:
84:
78:
71:
67:
63:
59:
54:
50:
42:
35:
30:
20:
3088:
3019:Saint George
3004:Coat of arms
2970:
2926:Demographics
2913:
2799:Architecture
2765:
2721:Central bank
2653:Human rights
2633:Constitution
2581:
2554:Subdivisions
2541:
2429:
2339:Armenian War
2275:
1951:Tao-Klarjeti
1913:Shida Kartli
1711:Kvemo Kartli
1463:Georgian SSR
1409:
1239:
1233:
1216:
1207:
1190:
1181:
1170:
1127:
1121:
1094:
1035:
999:Islamization
979:
913:(latter-day
896:
817:
815:thereafter.
760:
694:
692:
552:
421:Duchy of Tao
333:Aryan Kartli
184:Succeeded by
183:
178:
119:Principality
73:(1460sâ1810)
3110: /
2961:Health care
2716:Agriculture
2487:Earthquakes
2224:Seljuk wars
2004:Zemo Kartli
1941:Zena Sopeli
1734:Dmaniskhevi
1676:Gagmamkhari
1671:Garekakheti
1555:Samurzakano
1383:Middle Ages
1328:Middle Ages
1068:within the
1011:Gßldenstädt
1007:slave trade
963:Tavdgiridze
909:, Northern
397:Iberian War
390:Middle Ages
179:Preceded by
80:(1810â1828)
3125:Categories
3098:41°59â˛00âłE
3095:41°56â˛00âłN
3031:Saint Nino
2859:Mingrelian
2840:Languages
2675:Parliament
2648:Government
2236:Golden Age
1936:Samachablo
1822:Khevsureti
1777:Ksniskhevi
1582:Machakhela
1076:References
1030:Militiamen
971:Zedginidze
959:Nakashidze
951:Machutadze
919:Machakheli
875:expedition
856:Shemokmedi
682:Chronology
116:Government
32:1460sâ1829
2944:Georgians
2934:Education
2884:Mythology
2761:Transport
2726:Companies
2685:President
2638:Elections
2537:Volcanoes
2477:Black Sea
2455:Geography
2364:Civil War
2179:Arab rule
2143:Roman era
2024:Javakheti
1999:Sokhoista
1979:Shavsheti
1898:Samegrelo
1893:Sabediano
1855:Lechkhumi
1802:Tchartali
1787:Tsanareti
1772:Tskhavati
1724:Gardabani
1653:Sajavakho
1638:Mukhurisi
1540:Abkhazeti
1295:Antiquity
1113:681432739
871:Mingrelia
846:In 1491,
753:in 1829.
731:Black Sea
710:romanized
647:Etymology
401:Lazic War
106:Religion
49:Vakhushti
3073:Category
2999:Borjgali
2954:Diaspora
2899:Religion
2845:Georgian
2836:Gambling
2794:Alphabet
2670:Military
2621:Politics
2602:Abkhazia
2497:Glaciers
2400:Monarchs
2388:By topic
2070:articles
2019:Samtskhe
2014:Trialeti
1964:Klarjeti
1921:Bazaleti
1792:Tsilkani
1757:Mukhrani
1752:Mtiuleti
1729:Gachiani
1719:Borchalo
1696:Saingilo
1681:Gujareti
1550:Tsebelda
1532:Abkhazia
1355:Klarjeti
1280:Georgian
1215:(1957).
1189:(1957).
1046:European
1015:Reineggs
1003:apostasy
995:Kobuleti
947:Gugunava
915:Lazistan
899:de facto
844:Ozurgeti
840:samtavro
775:Eristavi
699:Georgian
652:Monarchs
252:a series
250:Part of
100:Georgian
90:Ozurgeti
3057:Outline
2982:Symbols
2819:Cuisine
2782:Culture
2756:Tourism
2704:Economy
2577:Regions
2572:Tbilisi
2517:Mammals
2482:Climate
2467:Borders
2420:Battles
2128:Colchis
2123:Diauehi
2078:History
2066:Georgia
1994:Basiani
1984:Ardahan
1926:Dvaleti
1903:Svaneti
1850:Takveri
1832:Khorkhi
1812:Khandro
1797:Tsobeni
1701:Tusheti
1663:Kakheti
1648:Sachino
1628:Argveti
1620:Imereti
1587:Chaneti
1524:Georgia
1468:Georgia
1307:Colchis
1302:Diauehi
1284:history
917:), and
911:Chaneti
867:Dadiani
852:bishops
809:Svaneti
779:Gurieli
719:Georgia
677:Battles
662:Tbilisi
329:Colchis
305:Diauehi
138:History
129:Gurieli
86:Capital
3078:Portal
2989:Anthem
2904:Sports
2814:Cinema
2809:Chokha
2741:Mining
2731:Energy
2532:Rivers
2405:States
2327:Modern
2162:Middle
2138:Lazica
2118:Mushki
2068:
1989:Nigali
1888:Odishi
1883:Egrisi
1827:Kherki
1767:Pkhovi
1762:Pshavi
1691:Hereti
1686:Kiziki
1643:Okriba
1610:Surebi
1605:Lazika
1574:Adjara
1545:Abzhua
1353:&
1317:Lazica
1312:Iberia
1138:
1111:
1101:
1058:Sophia
987:Chakvi
983:Batumi
973:, and
907:Adjara
824:Bagrat
727:region
701::
657:States
361:Lazica
309:Mushki
254:on the
141:
133:
125:Prince
65:Status
3064:Index
3036:cross
3024:cross
3014:Motto
2966:Women
2889:Names
2879:Music
2874:Media
2831:Dance
2507:Lakes
2472:Birds
2086:Early
1969:Speri
1860:Racha
1817:Khevi
1807:Khada
1597:Guria
1326:Early
1066:uyezd
1051:David
1001:, an
879:Zygii
767:Rioni
723:Guria
155:1460s
3009:Flag
2972:more
2949:List
2915:more
2866:Svan
2824:Wine
2767:more
2658:LGBT
2583:more
2543:more
2431:more
2415:Wars
2009:Tori
1974:Kola
1633:Vake
1136:ISBN
1109:OCLC
1099:ISBN
1097:. .
985:and
769:and
733:and
693:The
672:Wars
2852:Laz
2804:Art
1959:Tao
1351:Tao
869:of
854:at
3127::
1223::
1219:.
1197::
1193:.
1165:;
1161:;
1150:^
1130:.
1107:.
1083:^
1072:.
977:.
969:,
965:,
961:,
957:,
953:,
949:,
929:.
803:r.
792:r.
707:,
2058:e
2051:t
2044:v
1515:e
1508:t
1501:v
1272:e
1265:t
1258:v
1144:.
1115:.
800:(
789:(
712::
697:(
127:-
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