507:
385:
165:
731:
410:
762:. In the face of this violent repression, the princes of Tver, Nizhny Novgorod and others immediately submitted to Tokhtamysh. Dmitry of Moscow did so as well, minting coins after 1382 stating proudly "Grand Prince Dimitry Ivanovich" on one side, but submissively "Sultan Tokhtamysh: Long may he live" on the other. Thus, Moscow was still not able to command Tver, Nizhny Novgorod, the Novgorod Republic or Ryazan in the aftermath of Kulikovo and the sack of Moscow.
25:
179:
595:
was founded during the reign of
Yaroslav, sometime before his death in 1271. No other important events are known to have occurred in the principality during the reigns of Yaroslav and his son Sviatoslav, who died in the first half of the 1280s. Nevertheless, Tver had an advantageous location on the
790:(1425–1453) broke out, the principalities of Tver, Rostov, Yaroslavl, Ryazan, Novgorod and Pskov were all still independent of Moscow, and usually in alliance with Lithuania against Moscow, which however did have more territory and resources than the other northeastern Rus' principalities by 1425.
637:. Konchaka later died in captivity in Tver, where Yuri was able to blame Mikhail for the death of the khan's sister. Mikhail was summoned to the Golden Horde and tried there in 1318, where he faced a month of imprisonment and torture before being executed. His son and successor,
853:) which essentially discriminated against Tver. When Mikhail II tried to compensate for the treaties by seeking an alliance with Lithuania, the army of Ivan III swiftly conquered Tver in 1485. The principality was then annexed by Moscow. Tver was given to his son
561:
was less severe in the regions around Tver, Moscow, and
Yaroslavl, which sometimes received refugees from more war-torn areas. In particular, Tver and Moscow received many displaced inhabitants of Vladimir, and experienced population growth during the early
813:). Charles Halperin instead argues that Foma did not suggest Tver as Constantinople's successor and that he also did not seek to identify Tver with the Russian land, as the concept had been taken over by Moscow, instead suggesting that the Tverian land (
708:
was the last prince of Tver ever appointed as the grand prince of
Vladimir. The reign of Mikhail is usually considered as the last period when Tver still could rival Moscow and oppose the Golden Horde. When Algirdas sued for peace with Moscow and
632:
of Moscow against
Mikhail, supported by Özbeg in 1317. Mikhail met Yuri's army at a small village called Bortenevo, where he was victorious. In the same encounter, Özbeg's sister and Yuri's wife, Konchaka, was captured by Mikhail and made a
656:
was later granted the title of grand prince of
Vladimir, in which Moscow became the preeminent Russian principality. Moscow remained on good terms with the Tatars, and absorbed surrounding principalities. The head of the
896:
Throughout its history as an independent principality, there is no information about any annexations made by the princes of Tver. Its boundaries were likely the same throughout the 13th to 15th centuries.
668:. This created the whole system of principalities dependent on Tver. These included Kashin, Kholm, and Zubtsov. Some of them became independent to the point that they conducted war with Tver.
837:
In the subsequent 1425–1533 period, the rulers of Moscow nevertheless managed to gain the economic and military overhand, switch the order of dynastic succession from the chaotic
821:) were equals in the land, and questioning whether Moscow and the Russian land were one, as Muscovite texts seemed to have implied, such as in the retelling of events at the
845:, reincorporate all Suzdalian appanages, and during wars with Lithuania even annex Ryazan, Novgorod, Pskov, and Smolensk into the Muscovite realm. In the 1470s,
1588:
723:
of grand prince of
Vladimir. But the same year, a Muscovite-led expedition besieged Tver for four weeks, forcing Mikhail to sign a treaty recognising
652:
in Tver was suppressed. The city of Tver was burned down, and the principality lost a considerable part of its population. Tver never recovered, and
770:
In the early 15th century, the power of the Golden Horde was waning, while
Lithuania rapidly gained strength. Initially pushed back in 1399 at the
624:, a son of Yaroslav of Tver, succeeded his father and became the prince of Tver. In 1305 he became the grand prince of Vladimir as well; however,
549:(1237–1241) and subsequent Mongol raids for about 25 years devastated many cities, towns and their countryside in northeastern Rus', such as
701:
604:. It was one of the first northeastern Rus' cities to begin post-invasion major construction works, such as the Transfiguration Church (
801:, attributed to the monk Foma, have led to scholars to conclude that Tver held similar aspirations as Moscow to become the heir of the
778:(Vitovt) gained direct control over Smolensk (1404), indirect control over certain Novgorodian holdings (1408, 1428), an alliance with
493:
with the aim to become the center of the unified
Russian state. Eventually it lost, decayed, and in 1485, it was annexed by Moscow.
628:
of the Golden Horde decided that Tver became too strong, and supported Moscow against Tver. This led to a military campaign led by
89:
506:
61:
208:
942:
1554:
1513:
1482:
1222:
1051:
42:
727:
as his "elder brother" and the rightful grand prince of
Vladimir, and to pledge military support in the case of a conflict.
68:
1583:
1578:
917:
1024:
164:
75:
1532:
546:
108:
755:
1544:
57:
566:
hegemony. After the 1264 death of
Alexander "Nevsky" Yaroslavich, his brothers Yaroslav Yaroslavich of Tver and
1593:
642:
46:
1573:
403:
661:
also moved to Moscow, which gave it the status as the spiritual center and the seat of Russian Orthodoxy.
787:
771:
600:
for luxury goods transported by traders from the far north down the river towards the Jochid capital of
178:
1112:
809:
as an expression of aspirations by Tver to become the center for the unification of the Russian land (
1082:
957:
932:
952:
689:
571:
523:
82:
658:
519:
489:
was given the western slice of his father's patrimony. During the 14th century, Tver rivaled the
440:
253:
35:
947:
937:
759:
746:
However, no troops of Tver were sent to reinforce Dmitry Donskoy's anti-Mamai coalition at the
490:
922:
697:
649:
567:
1598:
527:
482:
8:
846:
826:
822:
511:
301:
1108:
1422:
850:
783:
747:
710:
705:
641:, was executed in the Golden Horde in 1326, and another son and also a prince of Tver,
542:, and the principality was ruled by his descendants until 1485, when it was abolished.
758:
in 1381, causing Dmitry Donskoy to flee and leaving the Muscovites to their fate when
1550:
1528:
1509:
1478:
1414:
1218:
1047:
1020:
927:
838:
685:
263:
730:
1406:
802:
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when he sought to expand Lithuanian control over the Pskov and Novgorod republics,
664:
In the 14th century, some parts of the principality were temporarily given away as
653:
605:
550:
535:
531:
486:
431:
289:
243:
136:
1503:
1472:
1212:
1041:
962:
782:(1427) and Ryazan (1430), and considerable influence over the Muscovite court as
634:
621:
592:
471:
390:
1474:
Succession to the Throne in Early Modern Russia: The Transfer of Power 1450–1725
906:
878:
854:
739:
724:
677:
638:
629:
539:
478:
466:. The principality was located approximately in the area currently occupied by
451:
270:
1567:
1418:
981:
870:
842:
798:
779:
223:
210:
1076:
625:
886:
681:
601:
588:(patent) confirmed Yaroslav of Tver as the next Vladimirian grand prince.
563:
558:
459:
192:
1525:
Russia and the Golden Horde: The Mongol Impact on Medieval Russian History
1410:
462:
which existed between the 13th and the 15th centuries with its capital in
890:
597:
467:
1426:
1394:
982:
Introduction into the Latin epigraphy (Введение в латинскую эпиграфику)
751:
700:(1362/3). Thereafter, Tver sided with Lithuania against Moscow in the
575:
530:
principality (where it previously belonged), and gave it to his son
24:
858:
775:
693:
665:
645:, was executed there in 1339 as well together with his son Fyodor.
1043:
An Atlas of Russian History: Eleven Centuries of Changing Borders
874:
671:
719:
584:
554:
1374:
750:
in 1380. The symbolic victory had little practical effect, as
1214:
Russia: A Reference Guide from the Renaissance to the Present
1138:
882:
714:
713:, Tver swifted its allegiance to the powerful Mongol warlord
579:
1265:
1263:
1238:
1236:
1234:
738: Principality of Tver in the 14th century, during the
485:
principality, Tver became an independent principality when
463:
202:
688:
which weakened it internally and externally, allowing the
1440:
1362:
1299:
1260:
1231:
1177:
615:
1316:
1314:
1155:
1153:
1126:
998:
996:
994:
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990:
849:
had to sign a number of treaties with Moscow (ruled by
477:
It was one of the states established after the fall of
578:, had done twice before in 1249 and 1252, his brother
1452:
1350:
1338:
1326:
1311:
1287:
1275:
1248:
1189:
1165:
1150:
987:
445:
144:
1395:"Tverian Political Thought in the Fifteenth Century"
1089:
825:which define the Russian land as the area ruled by
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1546:Medieval Russia: 980–1584. Second Edition. E-book
786:'s father-in-law between 1406 and 1430. When the
570:got into a succession struggle over the title of
1565:
889:, a tributary of the Shosha, which flowed from
717:. In 1375, Mamai again granted Mikhail II the
1589:States and territories disestablished in 1485
672:Rivalry with Moscow during the Great Troubles
510:Execution of Mikhail at the Golden Horde, by
128:
885:, was included in the south, as well as the
760:Tokhamysh besieged and sacked Moscow in 1382
1470:
1477:. Cambridge University Press. p. 53.
177:
1549:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1101:
696:(Olgerd) to score a major victory at the
574:. As the first khan of the Golden Horde,
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1522:
1392:
1305:
1269:
1242:
1206:
1204:
729:
505:
1505:The Crisis of Medieval Russia 1200-1304
1501:
1210:
1002:
832:
765:
358:28,450 km (10,980 sq mi)
1566:
1542:
1458:
1446:
1380:
1368:
1356:
1344:
1332:
1320:
1293:
1281:
1254:
1195:
1183:
1171:
1159:
1144:
1132:
1095:
943:Principality of Nizhny Novgorod-Suzdal
616:Emergence and decline as a great power
1201:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1046:. Yale University Press. p. 32.
1019:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 43.
1014:
805:. Scholars have also interpreted the
526:, detached the city of Tver from the
1399:Cahiers du Monde russe et soviétique
1217:. Infobase Publishing. p. 178.
1039:
534:. In 1246, another son of Yaroslav,
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
1527:. Indiana University. p. 222.
1471:Bushkovitch, Paul (18 March 2021).
183:Principality of Tver (blue) in 1389
13:
1060:
900:
610:Спасо-Преображенский собор (Тверь)
14:
1610:
1502:Fennell, John (13 October 2014).
1040:Chew, Allen F. (1 January 1970).
877:in the west. The entirety of the
754:defeated and killed Mamai at the
869:The principality stretched from
408:
383:
163:
23:
16:Russian principality (1246–1485)
1495:
1464:
1386:
582:settled the dispute and with a
34:needs additional citations for
1033:
1008:
975:
547:Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus'
532:Alexander "Nevsky" Yaroslavich
1:
1523:Halperin, Charles J. (1987).
1393:Halperin, Charles J. (1977).
968:
864:
612:) in the late 13th century.
404:Grand Principality of Moscow
7:
911:
788:Muscovite War of Succession
772:Battle of the Vorskla River
518:In the 1230s or the 1240s,
446:
145:
10:
1615:
1584:Former countries in Europe
1579:Medieval history of Russia
1211:Borrero, Mauricio (2009).
904:
893:, a Novgorodian outpost.
501:
496:
1083:Great Soviet Encyclopedia
958:Principality of Yaroslavl
933:Principality of Beloozero
756:Battle of the Kalka River
609:
481:. Originally part of the
435:
362:
352:
347:
343:
333:
323:
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311:
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259:
249:
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198:
188:
176:
160:
155:
129:
123:
1383:, pp. 253–254, 262.
1147:, pp. 162–163, 184.
953:Principality of Smolensk
702:Lithuanian–Muscovite War
690:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
572:grand prince of Vladimir
524:grand prince of Vladimir
470:and the eastern part of
1113:Encyclopædia Britannica
1015:Figes, Orlando (2022).
704:of 1368–1372. In 1371,
659:Russian Orthodox Church
551:Vladimir on the Klyazma
1543:Martin, Janet (2007).
948:Principality of Ryazan
938:Principality of Moscow
918:Tver as the Third Rome
817:) and Muscovite land (
797:("word of praise") to
793:The passages from the
743:
643:Aleksandr Mikhailovich
520:Yaroslav Vsevolodovich
515:
491:Principality of Moscow
455:
58:"Principality of Tver"
1594:Former principalities
1411:10.3406/cmr.1977.1294
1405:(3). EHESS: 267–273.
923:Tver Uprising of 1327
881:, a tributary of the
733:
698:Battle of Blue Waters
509:
447:Tverskoye knyazhestvo
240:Common languages
146:Tverskoye knyazhestvo
1574:Principality of Tver
843:vertical inheritance
833:Muscovite annexation
766:Lithuanian vassalage
536:Yaroslav Yaroslavich
528:Pereyaslavl-Zalessky
487:Yaroslav Yaroslavich
483:Pereyaslavl-Zalessky
428:Principality of Tver
125:Principality of Tver
43:improve this article
1449:, pp. 262–263.
1371:, pp. 240–241.
1186:, pp. 187–188.
1135:, pp. 162–163.
1017:The Story of Russia
847:Mikhail III of Tver
823:Council of Florence
650:anti-Tatar uprising
538:, became the first
512:Vasily Vereshchagin
325:• Established
220: /
1078:Тверское_княжество
819:moskovskaia zemlia
748:Battle of Kulikovo
744:
706:Mikhail II of Tver
568:Andrey Yaroslavich
516:
436:Тверское княжество
335:• Annexation
130:Тверское княжество
1556:978-0-511-36800-4
1515:978-1-317-87314-3
1484:978-1-108-47934-9
1272:, pp. 73–75.
1245:, pp. 72–73.
1224:978-0-8160-7475-4
1053:978-0-300-01445-7
928:Novgorod Republic
795:pokhval'noe slovo
711:retreated in 1372
686:war of succession
684:descended into a
680:(1359–1381), the
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424:
423:
420:
419:
416:
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396:
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297:• 1461–1485
285:• 1247–1271
264:Absolute monarchy
254:Russian Orthodoxy
224:57.000°N 36.000°E
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803:Byzantine Empire
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654:Ivan I of Moscow
611:
458:) was a Russian
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963:Vladimir-Suzdal
914:
909:
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901:List of princes
873:in the east to
867:
835:
811:russkaia zemlia
768:
742:
735:
674:
635:prisoner of war
630:Yuri Danilovich
622:Mikhail of Tver
618:
504:
499:
472:Smolensk Oblast
409:
391:Vladimir-Suzdal
384:
355:
336:
326:
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1461:, p. 281.
1451:
1439:
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1373:
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1359:, p. 240.
1349:
1347:, p. 239.
1337:
1335:, p. 238.
1325:
1323:, p. 237.
1310:
1298:
1296:, p. 236.
1286:
1284:, p. 235.
1274:
1259:
1257:, p. 234.
1247:
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1223:
1200:
1198:, p. 186.
1188:
1176:
1174:, p. 188.
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1162:, p. 184.
1149:
1137:
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1098:, p. 176.
1088:
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1005:, p. 127.
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855:Ivan the Young
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740:Great Troubles
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725:Dmitry Donskoy
678:Great Troubles
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540:prince of Tver
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1508:. Routledge.
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559:Depopulation
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354:• Total
193:Principality
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41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1599:Tver Oblast
1459:Martin 2007
1447:Martin 2007
1381:Martin 2007
1369:Martin 2007
1357:Martin 2007
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1333:Martin 2007
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1096:Martin 2007
676:During the
598:Upper Volga
479:Kievan Rus'
474:in Russia.
468:Tver Oblast
368:Preceded by
302:Mikhail III
227: /
1568:Categories
969:References
887:Lama River
839:horizontal
752:Tokhtamysh
626:Özbeg Khan
580:Berke Khan
260:Government
69:newspapers
1539:(e-book).
1419:0008-0160
865:Geography
827:Vasily II
666:appanages
620:In 1285,
593:bishopric
441:romanized
250:Religion
156:1246–1485
99:June 2023
1432:17 March
1427:27669454
1118:19 April
912:See also
859:appanage
851:Ivan III
784:Vasily I
776:Vytautas
694:Algirdas
290:Yaroslav
875:Zubtsov
606:Russian
502:Origins
497:History
456:Tferiae
443::
432:Russian
312:History
244:Russian
215:36°00′E
212:57°00′N
199:Capital
137:Russian
83:scholar
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1109:"Tver"
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639:Dmitry
585:jarlig
555:Ryazan
522:, the
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271:Prince
189:Status
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1423:JSTOR
883:Volga
807:Slovo
715:Mamai
602:Sarai
452:Latin
90:JSTOR
76:books
1551:ISBN
1529:ISBN
1510:ISBN
1479:ISBN
1434:2024
1415:ISSN
1219:ISBN
1120:2015
1048:ISBN
1021:ISBN
576:Batu
553:and
545:The
464:Tver
426:The
348:Area
339:1485
329:1246
203:Tver
170:Seal
62:news
1407:doi
841:to
45:by
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