Printing - Knowledge

1419: 1354: 1257: 1745: 1893: 1685: 1245: 1327:, published in 1377, is the earliest known metal printed book. Type-casting was used, adapted from the method of casting coins. The character was cut in beech wood, which was then pressed into a soft clay to form a mould, and bronze poured into the mould, and finally the type was polished. Eastern metal movable type was spread to Europe between the late 14th and early 15th centuries. The Korean form of metal movable type was described by the French scholar Henri-Jean Martin as "extremely similar to Gutenberg's". Authoritative historians 86: 2663: 2520: 1184: 8293: 6263: 5426: 1748: 22: 1747: 1753: 1751: 1746: 5436: 1335: 1752: 5416: 1750: 1926: 6273: 988: 1453:, ultimately allowed millions of copies of a page in a single day. Mass production of printed works flourished after the transition to rolled paper, as continuous feed allowed the presses to run at a much faster pace. Hoe's original design operated at up to 2,000 revolutions per hour where each revolution deposited 4 page images, giving the press a throughput of 8,000 pages per hour. By 1891, The 2037: 1996:, beginning in 1470 in Rome, then spreading to other cities including Bari, Pisa, Livorno, and Mantua. Local rulers had the authority to grant or revoke licenses to publish Hebrew books, and many of those printed during this period carry the words 'con licenza de superiori' (indicating their printing having been officially licensed) on their title pages. 1766:

transfer moves the image to a printing substrate (typically paper), making the image right-reading again. Offset printing uses a lithographic process which is based on the repulsion of oil and water. The offset process employs a flat (planographic) image carrier (plate) which is mounted on a press cylinder. The image to be printed obtains

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did not see a need for a university library based on the idea that professor were the library. Libraries also began receiving so many books from gifts and purchases that they began to run out of room. However, the issue was solved in 1589 by a man named Merton who decided books should be stored on horizontal shelves rather than

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Briggs, Asa and Burke, Peter (2002) However, more correctly it should be described as the other way around. Gutenberg's form of metal movable type was extremely similar to the Korean Jikji's, which was printed 78 years prior to the Gutenberg Bible. A Social History of the Media: from Gutenberg to the

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The printed press changed university libraries in many ways. Professors were finally able to compare the opinions of different authors rather than being forced to look at only one or two specific authors. Textbooks themselves were also being printed in different levels of difficulty, rather than just

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It was thought that the introduction of printing 'would strengthen religion and enhance the power of monarchs.' The majority of books were of a religious nature, with the church and crown regulating the content. The consequences of printing 'wrong' material were extreme. Meyrowitz used the example of

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At this time, universities began establishing accompanying libraries. "Cambridge made the chaplain responsible for the library in the fifteenth century but this position was abolished in 1570 and in 1577 Cambridge established the new office of university librarian. Although, the University of Leuven

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series, and the InfoPrint 5000. The iGen3 and Nexpress use toner particles and the Indigo uses liquid ink. The InfoPrint 5000 is a full-color, continuous forms inkjet drop-on-demand printing system. All handle variable data, and rival offset in quality. Digital offset presses are also called direct

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technique, where the image being printed is made up of small depressions in the surface of the printing plate. The cells are filled with ink, and the excess is scraped off the surface with a doctor blade. Then a rubber-covered roller presses paper onto the surface of the plate and into contact with

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At the present time, the only known authoritative account of the invention of movable type by a commoner named Pi Sheng (c. 990–1051) is the contemporary record of Shen Kua (1031–) Although the process went into eclipse after its inception, it was a complete invention and fully four hundred years

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Vendors typically stress the total cost to operate the equipment, involving complex calculations that include all cost factors involved in the operation as well as the capital equipment costs, amortization, etc. For the most part, toner systems are more economical than inkjet in the long run, even

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Offset printing is a widely used modern printing process. This technology is best described as when a positive (right-reading) image on a printing plate is inked and transferred (or "offset") from the plate to a rubber blanket. The blanket image becomes a mirror image of the plate image. An offset

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by 1298 had carved a more durable type from wood. He also developed a complex system of revolving tables and number-association with written Chinese characters that made typesetting and printing more efficient. Still, the main method in use there remained woodblock printing (xylography), which

2635:) primarily uses an electrical charge to transfer toner or liquid ink to the substrate onto which it is printed. Digital print quality has steadily improved from early color and black and white copiers to sophisticated colour digital presses such as the Xerox iGen3, the Kodak Nexpress, the HP 1199:

Block printing first came to Europe as a method for printing on cloth, where it was common by 1300. Images printed on cloth for religious purposes could be quite large and elaborate. When paper became relatively easily available, around 1400, the technique transferred very quickly to small

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Before the invention of the printing press, most written material was in Latin. However, after the invention of printing the number of books printed expanded as well as the vernacular. Latin was not replaced completely, but remained an international language until the eighteenth century.

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To print an image without a blank area around the image, the non-printing areas must be trimmed after printing. Crop marks can be used to show the printer where the printing area ends, and the non-printing area begins. The part of the image which is trimmed off is called

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from ink rollers, while the non-printing area attracts an (acidic) film of water, keeping the non-image areas ink-free. Most offset presses use three cylinders: Plate, blanket, impression. Currently, most books and newspapers are printed using offset lithography.

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Private reading: Reading was linked to the rise of individualism because, before print, reading was often a group event in which one person would read to a group. With print, both literacy and the availability of texts increased, and solitary reading became the

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Gravure printing is known for its ability to produce high-quality, high-resolution images with accurate color reproduction and using viscosity control equipment during production. Ink evaporation control affects the change in the color of the printed image.

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Gravure printing is used for long, high-quality print runs such as magazines, mail-order catalogues, packaging and printing onto fabric and wallpaper. It is also used for printing postage stamps and decorative plastic laminates, such as kitchen worktops.

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Dangerous reading: Reading was seen as a dangerous pursuit because it was considered rebellious and unsociable, especially in the case of women, because reading could stir up dangerous emotions such as love, and if women could read, they could read love

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Extensive reading: Once print made a wide range of texts available, earlier habits of intensive reading of texts from start to finish began to change, and people began reading selected excerpts, allowing much more extensive reading on a wider range of

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were the most common. There is still some controversy among scholars as to whether their introduction preceded or, in the majority view, followed the introduction of movable type, with the estimated range of dates being between about 1440 and 1460.

1837:, used typically to print a small number of books or packaging, and also to print a variety of materials: from high quality papers simulating offset printing, to floor tiles. Inkjet is also used to apply mailing addresses to direct mail pieces 4476: 2016:

Print gave a broader range of readers access to knowledge and enabled later generations to build directly on the intellectual achievements of earlier ones without the changes arising within verbal traditions. Print, according to

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and enthusiastic about social and cultural reforms, wrote in 1641 that "the art of printing will so spread knowledge that the common people, knowing their own rights and liberties, will not be governed by way of oppression".

2696:. As of 2019, the precision, repeatability, and material range of 3D printing have increased to the point that some 3D printing processes are considered viable as an industrial-production technology, whereby the term 1817:. The process is used for flexible packaging, corrugated board, labels, newspapers and more. In this market it competes with gravure printing by holding 80% of the market in US, 50% in Europe but only 20% in Asia. 2984: 1985:. It operated until 1742, producing altogether seventeen works, all of which were concerned with non-religious, utilitarian matters. Printing did not become common in the Islamic world until the 19th century. 2688:

using 3D printers. The objects are created by laying down or building up many thin layers of material in succession. The technique is also known as additive manufacturing, rapid prototyping, or fabricating.

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it, and presses paper against it to transfer the ink from the type which creates an impression on the paper. There is different paper for different works the quality of paper shows different ink to use.

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It is estimated that following the innovation of Gutenberg's printing press, the European book output rose from a few million to around one billion copies within a span of less than four centuries.

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In 1997, Time–Life magazine picked Gutenberg's invention to be the most important of the second millennium. In 1999, the A&E Network voted Johannes Gutenberg "Man of the Millennium". See also

1843:(toner printing) mainly used in offices and for transactional printing (bills, bank documents). Laser printing is commonly used by direct mail companies to create variable data letters or coupons. 1650:, in which the printing areas are on fine mesh screens through which ink can penetrate, and the non-printing areas are a stencil over the screen to block the flow of ink in those areas, examples: 1114:. By the tenth century, 400,000 copies of some sutras and pictures were printed, and the Confucian classics were in print. A skilled printer could print up to 2,000 double-page sheets per day. 1376:, adaptations to the screw-press, the use of an oil-based ink, and the creation of a softer and more absorbent paper. Gutenberg was the first to create his type pieces from an alloy of lead, 1460:

The rotary printing press uses impressions curved around a cylinder to print on long continuous rolls of paper or other substrates. Rotary drum printing was later significantly improved by

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identifies two long-term effects of the invention of printing. She claims that print created a sustained and uniform reference for knowledge and allowed comparisons of incompatible views.

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Buringh, Eltjo; van Zanden, Jan Luiten: "Charting the 'Rise of the West': Manuscripts and Printed Books in Europe, A Long-Term Perspective from the Sixth through Eighteenth Centuries",

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Lam, Hugo K.S.; Ding, Li; Cheng, T.C.E.; Zhou, Honggeng (January 1, 2019). "The impact of 3D printing implementation on stock returns: A contingent dynamic capabilities perspective".

3566: 1608:, in which the printing and non-printing areas are on the same plane surface and the difference between them is maintained chemically or by physical properties, the examples are: 2736:

of using needles pushed through a stencil onto the target paper, fabric or plaster, to provide guidelines for subsequent artwork: this cannot reasonably be described as printing.

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claimed that "The Asian priority of invention movable type is now firmly established, and that Chinese-Korean technique, or a report of it traveled westward is almost certain."

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In the 1980s, 3D printing techniques were considered suitable only for the production of functional or aesthetic prototypes, and a more appropriate term for it at the time was

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the ink in the cells. The printing cylinders are usually made from copper plated steel, which is subsequently chromed, and may be produced by diamond engraving; etching, or

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Gutenberg's printing press had profound impacts on universities as well. Universities were influenced in their "language of scholarship, libraries, curriculum, pedagogy"

4806: 1395:, movable type page setting and printing using a press was faster and more durable. Also, the metal type pieces were sturdier and the lettering more uniform, leading to 2981: 2064:

Critical reading: Because texts finally became accessible to the general population, critical reading emerged as people were able to form their own opinions on texts.

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Paulsen, Jason A.; Renn, Michael; Christenson, Kurt; Plourde, Richard (October 2012). "Printing conformal electronics on 3D structures with Aerosol Jet technology".

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using a number of other scripts. This technique then spread to Persia and Russia. This technique was transmitted to Europe by around 1400 and was used on paper for

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The earliest examples of ink-squeeze rubbings and potential stone printing blocks appear in the mid-sixth century in China. A type of printing called mechanical

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is a technique for printing text, images or patterns that was used widely throughout East Asia. It originated in China in antiquity as a method of printing on

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imaging presses, although these presses can receive computer files and automatically turn them into print-ready plates, they cannot insert variable data.

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around 1436, in partnership with Andreas Dritzehen – whom he had previously instructed in gem-cutting – and Andreas Heilmann, the owner of a paper mill.

1631:, in which the non-printing areas are on a plane surface and the printing area are etched or engraved below the surface, examples: steel die engraving, 8604: 4261: 4221: 6309: 1953:

was in Hebrew in 1493, after which both religious and non-religious texts were able to be printed in Hebrew. According to an imperial ambassador to

1219:, woodcut books with both text and images, usually carved in the same block, emerged as a cheaper alternative to manuscripts and books printed with 4196: 6747: 4421: 4130: 4059: 2859: 1175:. The printing technique in Egypt was embraced by reproducing texts on paper strips and supplying them in different copies to meet the demand. 2071:

Creative reading: Printing allowed people to read texts and interpret them creatively, often in very different ways than the author intended.

1625:, in which the printing areas are on a plane surface and the non printing areas are below the surface, examples: flexography and letterpress. 1407:(1455) established the superiority of movable type for Western languages. The printing press rapidly spread across Europe, leading up to the 450: 6173: 2920: 3033: 1418: 8510: 7881: 919:

made on paper or cloth from texts on stone tablets, used during the sixth century. Printing by pressing an inked image onto paper (using

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established the first press for printing in Arabic in the Ottoman Empire, against opposition from the calligraphers and parts of the

3125: 1265:, "Selected Teachings of Buddhist Sages and Son Masters" from Korea, the earliest known book printed with movable metal type, 1377. 3807: 3437:

Deutsche Sprachgeschichte vom Spätmittelalter bis zur Gegenwart: I. Einführung, Grundbegriffe, Deutsch in der frühbürgerlichen Zeit

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Deutsche Sprachgeschichte vom Spätmittelalter bis zur Gegenwart: I. Einführung, Grundbegriffe, Deutsch in der frühbürgerlichen Zeit

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would last, that what was written would be accessible to all, that such an occultation of knowledge and ideas as had depressed the

1223:. These were all short, heavily illustrated works, the bestsellers of the day, repeated in many different block-book versions: the 3478: 2709: 8597: 1965:

issued a decree under which the practice of printing would be punishable by death. At the end of the sixteenth century, Sultan

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Copper movable type printing originated in China at the beginning of the 12th century. It was used in large-scale printing of

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emerged as a new group of artisans for whom literacy was essential, while the much more labour-intensive occupation of the

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introduced the first movable type printing system in Europe. He advanced innovations in casting type based on a matrix and

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By 2005, digital printing accounted for approximately 9% of the 45 trillion pages printed annually around the world.

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dynasty pagoda that was repaired in 751, was undated but must have been created sometime before the reconstruction of the

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Hu, Guohua; Kang, Joohoon; Ng, Leonard W. T.; Zhu, Xiaoxi; Howe, Richard C. T.; Jones, Christopher G.; Hersam, Mark C.;

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magazine called Gutenberg's innovations in movable type printing the most important invention of the second millennium.

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Digital Printers can now not just print leaflets and documents, but also scan, fax, copy and make booklets plus more.

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and Philadelphia Item were operating presses producing either 90,000 4-page sheets per hour or 48,000 8-page sheets.

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Master E S, five hundredth anniversary exhibition, September fifth through October third, Philadelphia Museum of Art

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Egan, Grace, and Colin Johnston. “‘Serving the Turn’: Collaboration and Proof in Illegal Hand-Press Period Books.”

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who in 1584 printed a pro-Catholic pamphlet in Protestant-dominated England. The consequence of his action was

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Movable type is the system of printing and typography using movable pieces of metal type, made by casting from

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Woong-Jin-Wee-In-Jun-Gi No. 11 Jang Young Sil by Baek Sauk Gi. 1987 Woongjin Publishing Co., Ltd. p. 61.

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By the ninth century, printing on paper had taken off, and the first completely surviving printed book is the

8067: 7020: 6087: 4814:– Documents printed by R. Mathison Jr., The Job Printer, in Vancouver, B.C. – UBC Library Digital Collections 4778: 1930: 947:

and laid the material basis for the modern knowledge-based economy and the spread of learning to the masses.

4269: 8960: 8955: 7223: 4213: 3365: 1412: 1328: 436: 3760:(2002) A Social History of the Media: from Gutenberg to the Internet, Polity, Cambridge, pp. 15–23, 61–73. 8470: 8389: 8112: 7996: 7228: 7010: 5738: 5208: 1892: 3288: 1941:, partially due to the high artistic renown of the art of traditional calligraphy. However, printing in 1171:, lead, or clay. The techniques employed are uncertain. Block printing later went out of use during the 1167:. There is some evidence to suggest that these print blocks were made from non-wood materials, possibly 7755: 6034: 5955: 5213: 5026: 4193: 3070:. Science and Civilisation in China. Vol. 5 part 1. Cambridge University Press. pp. 158, 201. 1461: 807: 3544:

The International Cyclopædia A Compendium of Human Knowledge, Revised with Large Additions · Volume 12

8210: 8172: 8102: 8092: 7030: 6890: 6817: 6732: 1464:. There are multiple types of rotary printing press technologies that are still used today: sheetfed 397: 4795: 4086: 4015: 3011:

Gutenberg and the Koreans: Cast-Type Printing in Korea's Goryeo Dynasty (918–1392). Rightreading.com

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step), each printing process has definitive means of separating the image from the non-image areas.

1384:, copper and bismuth – the same components still used today. Johannes Gutenberg started work on his 8097: 7966: 7565: 6985: 6955: 6845: 5566: 5193: 4016:"Colloidal nanoparticle inks for printing functional devices: emerging trends and future prospects" 2548:

wide format (up to 3' or 914mm wide rolls of paper), as used in drafting and design establishments.

1758: 1050: 531: 352: 5701: 2831:. Vol. V:1 (Reprint ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 159, 201–205. 1307:"proved to be cheaper and more efficient for printing Chinese, with its thousands of characters". 8924: 8904: 8884: 8712: 8677: 8627: 8500: 8127: 7750: 7670: 7530: 7058: 6695: 6148: 6082: 6039: 4995: 4573: 4554: 3757: 2057: 2001: 1937:

In the Muslim world, printing, especially in Arabic scripts, was strongly opposed throughout the

1829: 1045:, an example of woodblock printing from the eighth century was discovered in 1966. A copy of the 876: 822: 802: 787: 601: 576: 551: 491: 2906: 8515: 8321: 7846: 7555: 7258: 6990: 6970: 6569: 6276: 6062: 5078: 4919: 3307: 3080: 3037: 2091:

naturally declined. Proof-correcting arose as a new occupation, while a rise in the numbers of

1867: 1628: 1362: 912: 611: 122: 4764: 3167: 2794: 1099:, Kyongju Province in 751. The document is estimated to have been created no later than 704. 8899: 8753: 8692: 8672: 8495: 8275: 8225: 8205: 8152: 7485: 7435: 7158: 7153: 6812: 6802: 6777: 6626: 6351: 6341: 5981: 5706: 5591: 5364: 5295: 4990: 4350: 1605: 1444: 1291:. Movable type allowed for much more flexible processes than hand copying or block printing. 1160: 944: 797: 649: 561: 546: 242: 212: 54: 6092: 3821: 3770: 3712: 3159: 1730:

was developed. More recently, letterpress printing has seen a revival in an artisanal form.

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in the 15th century. The technology of printing played a key role in the development of the

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using a master form or template. The earliest non-paper products involving printing include

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Taiwan Culture Portal: Ri Xing Type Foundry – preserving the true character of Chinese type

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for a variety of applications ranging from T-shirts to floor tiles, and on uneven surfaces

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Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present

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Hargrave, J. (2013). Disruptive Technological History: Papermaking to Digital Printing.

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small format (up to ledger size paper sheets), as used in business offices and libraries

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identify five kinds of reading that developed in relation to the introduction of print:

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Meyrowitz: "Mediating Communication: What Happens?" in "Questioning the Media", p. 41.

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See Geoffrey Roper, Muslim Printing Before Gutenberg and the references cited therein.

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The invention of printing also changed the occupational structure of European cities.

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The table lists the maximum number of pages which various press designs could print

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The steam-powered rotary printing press, invented in 1843 in the United States by

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Historia de las cosas más notables, ritos y costumbres del gran reyno de la China

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Letterpress printing was the normal form of printing text from its invention by

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All printing process are concerned with two kinds of areas on the final output:

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Printing at home, an office, or an engineering environment is subdivided into:

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1,000 Years, 1,000 People: Ranking The Men and Women Who Shaped The Millennium

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An early method of reproduction that has been traced to the second century is

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is a form of manufacturing technology where physical objects are created from

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Around 1230, Koreans invented a metal type movable printing using bronze. The

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issued by the Northern Song dynasty. Movable type spread to Korea during the

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Bolza, Hans (1967). "Friedrich Koenig und die Erfindung der Druckmaschine".

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Cathedral, Forge, and Waterwheel: Technology and Invention in the Middle Age

2369:

High PQ, excellent image reproduction, wide range of media, very thin image

8844: 7801: 7730: 7660: 7650: 7640: 7625: 7560: 7465: 7345: 7325: 7318: 7308: 7303: 7208: 7133: 7103: 7068: 7035: 6935: 6910: 6454: 6426: 6395: 6228: 6127: 6044: 6001: 5900: 5810: 5783: 5778: 5773: 5718: 5686: 5666: 5641: 5439: 5300: 5048: 5033: 4963: 4946: 4118: 3200: 2574: 2571:– which produces arbitrary patterns of dots with an array of printing studs 1852: 1846: 1814: 1739: 1707: 1288: 1278: 1226: 1220: 1205: 1138: 1030: 996: 924: 112: 34: 6287: 4446: 4398: 2485:

mass-production method of applying an image to a curved or uneven surface

1961:, particularly Turkish Muslims, to print religious books. In 1515, Sultan 1041:

en masse around 770, and distributed them to temples throughout Japan. In

8909: 8743: 8662: 8541: 8445: 8424: 8384: 8082: 8047: 7921: 7710: 7585: 7570: 7535: 7515: 7505: 7445: 7425: 7370: 7293: 7108: 7040: 7025: 6975: 6860: 6574: 6459: 6421: 6411: 6390: 6243: 6208: 6203: 6122: 5885: 5870: 5815: 5805: 5788: 5768: 5753: 5646: 5596: 5496: 5242: 5152: 5063: 5038: 5000: 4985: 4904: 4897: 4887: 4605:. Winchester and Newcastle: St Paul's Bibliographies and Oak Knoll Press. 2685: 2681: 2676: 2562: 2250: 2219: 2095:

and librarians naturally followed the explosion in the numbers of books.

2092: 2030: 2026: 1810: 1780: 1640: 1612: 1473: 1469: 1408: 1311: 1294:

Around 1040, the first known movable type system was created in China by

1034: 940: 916: 900: 659: 634: 526: 407: 192: 62: 42: 5733: 4154:

2012 Future of Instrumentation International Workshop (FIIW) Proceedings

3789:, Gözlem Gazetecilik Basın ve Yayın A.Ş., İstanbul, January 2012, p. 90 3594:

Pollak, Michael (1972). "The performance of the wooden printing press".

3263:"Did East Asian Printing Traditions Influence the European Renaissance?" 3162:

Paper Before Print: The History and Impact of Paper in the Islamic World

1849:, popular for its ability to print on complex three-dimensional surfaces 1813:

is a type of relief printing. The relief plates are typically made from

1338:

A case of cast metal type pieces and typeset matter in a composing stick

1183: 8919: 8525: 8162: 8142: 8032: 7901: 7826: 7715: 7630: 7495: 7455: 7430: 7395: 7365: 7288: 7263: 7213: 7083: 6915: 6900: 6875: 6855: 6797: 6646: 6180: 6107: 6029: 5986: 5960: 5950: 5880: 5860: 5835: 5800: 5763: 5676: 5656: 5317: 5021: 4958: 4892: 4102: 4031: 3615: 2656: 2652: 2606: 2053: 1396: 1373: 817: 312: 252: 222: 5188: 4618:

Dictionary of Terms Used in the Paper, Printing, and Allied Industries

4047: 3567:"JMC 107 Design and Graphics- Printing Process (Gravure & Screen)" 1896:

European output of books printed by movable type from ca. 1450 to 1800

21: 8874: 8803: 8613: 8566: 8490: 8255: 8062: 7856: 7745: 7735: 7725: 7680: 7655: 7500: 7385: 7340: 7283: 7050: 6895: 6827: 6711: 6545: 6357: 6218: 5976: 5940: 5920: 5890: 5825: 5820: 5671: 5332: 5262: 5083: 5073: 4980: 4973: 4968: 4941: 4763: 3693: 3123:

Medieval Arabic Tarsh: A Forgotten Chapter in the History of Printing

2612: 2556: 1966: 1659: 1616: 1432: 1358: 1334: 1299: 1092: 777: 709: 466: 387: 162: 4822: 2716:

material, is the most common 3D printing process in use as of 2020.

1992:

in some Germanic states; as a result, Hebrew printing flourished in

8465: 8364: 8354: 8077: 8027: 7806: 7765: 7595: 7520: 7510: 7415: 7350: 7253: 7238: 7183: 7123: 7000: 6965: 6865: 6233: 6077: 6067: 6024: 5748: 5342: 5254: 5247: 5145: 5118: 5058: 5042: 3607: 2733: 2154: 1954: 1689: 1595: 1381: 1295: 1122: 1111: 1084: 1046: 1008: 976: 928: 182: 4792:– trade association for printers and companies in the graphic arts 3805:

Watson, William J., "İbrāhīm Müteferriḳa and Turkish Incunabula",

3000:

Gutenberg and the Koreans: Asian Woodblock Books. Rightreading.com

2519: 1949:

was often permitted. Thus, the first movable type printing in the

8632: 8450: 8429: 8394: 7816: 7811: 7760: 7470: 7218: 7073: 6579: 6365: 5996: 5541: 5535: 5140: 5130: 5123: 4909: 4422:"Additive manufacturing and 3D printing are two different things" 2624:

though inkjets are less expensive in the initial purchase price.

2461: 2430: 2399: 2210: 2204: 2122: 2044:

Print was instrumental in changing the social nature of reading.

2005: 1962: 1636: 1632: 1201: 1192: 1188: 1130: 1012: 496: 147: 4673:. London and Newcastle: The British Library and Oak Knoll Press. 4580:, Cambridge University Press, September 1980, Paperback, 832 p. 3736: 3734: 8637: 8230: 7615: 7313: 7178: 7143: 7138: 7113: 7093: 5352: 4827: 4817: 4747: 4293:

International Journal of Operations & Production Management

2609:

where the charged image is written pixel by pixel using a laser

2586: 2088: 1970: 1925: 1880: 1834: 1315: 1164: 1126: 501: 4715:

Moxon, Joseph (1962) . Herbert, Davies; Carter, Harry (eds.).

4244:"Learning Course: Additive Manufacturing – Additive Fertigung" 987: 8748: 8379: 8374: 8345: 8337: 7620: 7540: 7440: 7163: 6600: 5930: 5925: 5631: 5481: 5374: 5357: 5272: 5267: 5068: 4151: 3731: 2705: 2632: 2616: 2596: 1993: 1989: 1982: 1974: 1957:

in the middle of the sixteenth century, it was a sin for the

1791: 1323: 1261: 1163:

during the ninth and tenth centuries, mostly for prayers and

1151: 1118: 1088: 1064: 1042: 664: 644: 8582: 6680: 4801: 3987:

Handbook of print media: technologies and production methods

3957:

Handbook of print media: technologies and production methods

3921:

Handbook of print media: technologies and production methods

3485:

which was composed by four prominent US journalists in 1998.

2358:

image formation by Electrostatics and transfer while fixing

2036: 1594:

After the information has been prepared for production (the

1212:

were produced in very large numbers from about 1425 onward.

8306: 7450: 7390: 7128: 5369: 4873: 4789: 4341:. Vol. 64, no. 917. October 3, 1974. p. 80. 4087:"Functional inks and printing of two-dimensional materials" 3690:"What are crop marks and why would you want to print them?" 3502:(Third ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. p. 147. 3421:

Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved November 27, 2006, from

2577:– where formed characters are applied to the paper by lines 1400: 4725:

A somewhat later one, showing 18th century developments is

4690:

Studying Early Printed Books, 1450-1800: A Practical Guide

3710: 3312:

The Invention of Printing in China and its Spread Westward

3085:

The Invention of Printing in China and its Spread Westward

2854: 2852: 1870:, used mainly for high value documents such as currencies. 7545: 7248: 7243: 7233: 7118: 7088: 6559: 4798:. English website of the Gutenberg-Museum Mainz (Germany) 4779:

Prints & People: A Social History of Printed Pictures

3101:. Vol. 5–18. Princeton: Metropolitan Museum of Art. 2784: 2782: 2780: 1767: 1711: 1377: 1168: 5450: 4842: 4832: 4812:

A collection of printing materials from the 19th Century

4214:"Rapid Prototyping - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics" 3822:

A Lifetime's Collection of Texts in Hebrew, at Sotheby's

3524:"Richard March Hoe | American inventor and manufacturer" 3287: 3744:, Vol. 69, No. 2 (2009), pp. 409–45 (417, table 2) 2849: 3671: 3669: 3439:(in German). New York/Berlin: Gruyter, Walter de GmbH. 3250:(in German). New York/Berlin: Gruyter, Walter de GmbH. 2777: 2565:– where pre-formed characters are applied individually 4710:

The classic manual of early hand-press technology is

3329:

A Global History: From Prehistory to the 21st Century

2828:

Science and civilisation in China: Paper and printing

1969:

permitted the sale of non-religious printed books in

4833:

Hamilton Wood Type and Printing Museum, WI, Web site

4531:; also published in Taipei: Caves Books, Ltd., 1986. 4014:

Zeng, Minxiang; Zhang, Yanliang (October 22, 2019).

3423:

Encyclopædia Britannica Ultimate Reference Suite DVD

2940: 2938: 2789:

Suarez, Michael F.; Woudhuysen, H. R., eds. (2013).

2755: 2753: 2619:

sticks of ink are melted to make liquid ink or toner

2033:

would never recur, that not an idea would be lost".

1761:

were the largest in the world when installed in 2000

1078: 4828:

American Printing History Association, NY, Web site

4818:

International Printing Museum, Carson, CA, Web site

4628:

The Gutenberg Galaxy: The Making of Typographic Man

4545:Barker, Nicholas. (1978). "Invention of Printing." 4413: 3960:(Illustrated ed.). Springer. pp. 976–79. 3924:(Illustrated ed.). Springer. pp. 130–44. 3714:

Printing on Polymers: Fundamentals and Applications

3711:Joanna Izdebska; Sabu Thomas (September 24, 2015). 3666: 3654: 3642: 3630: 2765: 2552:Some of the more common printing technologies are: 1988:Hebrew language printers were banned from printing 1825:The other significant printing techniques include: 1578: 1403:. The high quality and relatively low price of the 1302:. Bi Sheng used clay type, which broke easily, but 915:. The earliest known form of printing evolved from 4519:. Vol. 5 part 1. Cambridge University Press. 3990:(Illustrated ed.). Springer. pp. 48–52. 3704: 3359: 3260: 3245: 3058: 2887:Johannes Gutenberg: Inventor of the Printing Press 2599:is attracted to a charged image and then developed 6541:Collabora Office Draw and Collabora Office Writer 4719:(reprint ed.). New York: Dover Publications. 4186: 3949: 3947: 3945: 3943: 3941: 2935: 2750: 2137: 1601:Conventional printing has four types of process: 8937: 4717:Mechanick Exercises on the Whole Art of Printing 4290: 3687: 3331:(7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: 3323: 3314:, The Ronald Press, NY 2nd ed. 1955, pp. 176–178 2788: 1973:characters, yet the majority were imported from 1726:until the second half of the 20th century, when 1357:The invention of printing, anonymous, design by 1033:, and subsequently spread throughout East Asia. 6748:Modified atmosphere/modified humidity packaging 6510: 3979: 3977: 3772:A Description of the Famous Kingdome of Macaria 3752: 3750: 3087:, The Ronald Press, NY 2nd ed. 1955, pp. 176–78 1029:on paper started during the 7th century in the 3938: 3911: 3849: 3847: 3356:Internet, Polity, Cambridge, pp. 15–23, 61–73. 2982:Early Printing in Korea. Korea Cultural Center 2106: 8598: 8322: 6696: 6496: 6303: 5466: 4858: 4649: 3874: 3872: 3870: 3868: 3166:. New Haven: Yale University Press. pp. 2712:(FDM), which uses a continuous filament of a 2474:thermal transfer film or water release decal 1724:remained in wide use for books and other uses 877: 444: 49:press used for modern lithographic printing, 4650:Saunders, Gill; Miles, Rosie (May 1, 2006). 4009: 4007: 3974: 3747: 2817: 2134:one introductory text being made available. 1881:Impact of German movable type printing press 1820: 1266: 1068: 1058: 8511:United Kingdom food information regulations 7882:Hazard analysis and critical control points 6317: 4080: 3862:Eisenstein in Briggs and Burke, 2002: p. 21 3844: 2793:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 1224: 899:is a process for mass reproducing text and 8605: 8591: 8329: 8315: 6703: 6689: 6503: 6489: 6310: 6296: 5528: 5473: 5459: 4865: 4851: 4547:U.S. Library of Congress Quarterly Journal 3865: 3428: 3397:(3rd ed.). Harmondsworth, Middlesex: 2457:special paper required to reduce bleeding 2426:special paper required to reduce bleeding 2395:special paper required to reduce bleeding 884: 870: 451: 437: 84: 8552:Automatic identification and data capture 7792:Automatic identification and data capture 4823:Museum of Printing, Andover, MA, Web site 4705: 4668: 4013: 4004: 3389: 1688:Miehle press printing Le Samedi journal. 1252:paper money with ten bronze movable types 4735:(reprint ed.). London: Gregg Press. 4578:The Printing Press as an Agent of Change 4419: 3808:Journal of the American Oriental Society 3787:Bizans'tan 20. Yüzyıla – Türk Yahudileri 3488: 3190: 3134:Journal of the American Oriental Society 2661: 2518: 2035: 1924: 1891: 1743: 1683: 1438: 1417: 1352: 1333: 1255: 1243: 1239: 1182: 986: 20: 4640: 4620:. Toronto: H. Smith Paper Mills. 110 p. 4597: 4552: 4262:"3-D Printing Steps into the Spotlight" 4194:When 2% Leads to a Major Industry Shift 3983: 3953: 3917: 3814: 3547:. Dodd, Mead & Company. p. 168 3052: 2643:Small press and fanzines generally use 2115: 2025:, gave "assurance that the work of the 1887: 1702:Letterpress printing is a technique of 16:Process for reproducing text and images 8938: 4730: 4697:On the effects of Gutenberg's printing 4652:Prints Now: Directions and Definitions 4643:The History and Technique of Lettering 3593: 3434: 3151: 3074: 2959:Everlasting Flower: A History of Korea 2242:edges of letters and lines are jagged 1929:Replica of the Gutenberg press at the 8586: 8310: 6684: 6484: 6291: 5454: 4846: 4758:. Vol. 22 (11th ed.). 1911. 4714: 4507: 4494: 4366:"3D printing: you read it here first" 4363: 4224:from the original on October 26, 2022 3881:"Gutenberg's Effects on Universities" 3878: 3688:Bob deLaubenfels (February 9, 2011). 3675: 3660: 3648: 3636: 3494: 3265:. Arts of Asia Magazine (to appear). 3233: 3157: 3096: 2956: 2950: 2944: 2923:from the original on December 8, 2022 2862:. Minnesota-china.com. Archived from 2771: 2759: 2307:pressing ink through holes in screen 2098: 1342: 1144: 1125:, but the technique was also used in 961: 7194:Flexible intermediate bulk container 6272: 4796:The development of book and printing 4364:Ellam, Richard (February 26, 2019). 3540: 3269:from the original on August 11, 2019 3217:, Princeton University Press, 2009, 3022:North Korea – Silla. Country Studies 2907:"Cat 262: Printed dated copy of the 1757:The 910-ton printing presses at the 1479: 4790:Printing Industries of the Americas 4391:"3D Printing: All You Need To Know" 4203:" Patrick Scaglia, August 30, 2007. 4133:from the original on April 13, 2020 4062:from the original on April 12, 2020 2666:Printing payment self service kiosk 2559:– and related chemical technologies 2527: 1909: 1590:Non-image area (non-printing areas) 1121:and Japan, which also used Chinese 25:From top to bottom, left to right: 13: 8178:Vertical form fill sealing machine 4785:Centre for the History of the Book 4603:A New Introduction to Bibliography 4553:Edwards, Eiluned (December 2015). 4539: 4420:Zelinski, Peter (August 4, 2017), 3811:, 1968, volume 88, issue 3, p. 436 1215:Around the mid-fifteenth-century, 991:The intricate frontispiece of the 14: 8972: 8481:List of food labeling regulations 8148:Rotary wheel blow molding systems 6996:Purdue Improved Crop Storage bags 4740: 4517:Science and Civilization in China 3785:or soon after; Naim A. Güleryüz, 3717:. Elsevier Science. p. 199. 3372:, New York : HarperCollins, 3036:. British Library. Archived from 1080:Mugu jeonggwang dae darani-gyeong 8292: 8291: 8118:Mechanical brake stretch wrapper 6271: 6262: 6261: 5434: 5425: 5424: 5414: 4487: 4268:. April 11, 2013. Archived from 4020:Journal of Materials Chemistry A 3455:education.nationalgeographic.org 2957:Pratt, Keith (August 15, 2007). 2686:three-dimensional digital models 2495:Aerosolized inks carried by gas 2040:Bookprinting in the 16th century 2011: 1579:Conventional printing technology 1269:Bibliothèque Nationale de France 1021:History of printing in East Asia 8476:Fair Packaging and Labeling Act 7852:Electronic article surveillance 7706:Shock and vibration data logger 7551:Linear low-density polyethylene 5415: 4802:BPSnet British Printing Society 4611:Journal of Scholarly Publishing 4556:Block Printed Textiles of India 4464: 4439: 4383: 4357: 4327: 4284: 4254: 4236: 4206: 4145: 4074: 3856: 3799: 3779: 3763: 3742:The Journal of Economic History 3681: 3587: 3559: 3534: 3516: 3468: 3443: 3415: 3383: 3349: 3317: 3301: 3281: 3254: 3239: 3227: 3207: 3184: 3142: 3115: 3090: 3034:"Oneline Gallery: Sacred Texts" 3026: 3015: 3004: 2993: 2975: 2143:Comparison of printing methods 982: 8506:Radio-frequency identification 7957:Radio-frequency identification 4838:History of Printing – Timeline 4771:New International Encyclopedia 4683:The Wall Street Journal Online 4671:Five Hundred Years of Printing 4654:. Victoria and Albert Museum. 4616:Lafontaine, Gerard S. (1958). 3541:Peck, Harry Thurston. (1895). 3395:Five Hundred Years of Printing 3366:Gies, Frances and Gies, Joseph 3195:. Philadelphia Museum of Art. 2961:. Reaktion Books. p. 74. 2899: 2878: 2811: 2726: 2700:can be used synonymously with 2670: 2240:excellent image reproduction, 2138:Comparison of printing methods 1805: 1706:. A worker composes and locks 1679: 1248:Copperplate of 1215–1216 5000 1069: 1059: 1: 8612: 8068:Extended core stretch wrapper 7021:Single-serve coffee container 6710: 6594:Online - cloud based software 6088:Environmental impact of paper 2743: 2708:structures to reduce weight. 2128: 1931:International Printing Museum 1666: 1521: 1508: 1423: 377: 152: 137: 8336: 7224:Insulated shipping container 5338:Conservation and restoration 3897:10.1080/0046760X.2014.930186 3121:Richard W. Bulliet (1987), " 1722:in the mid-15th century and 1329:Frances Gies and Joseph Gies 1178: 7: 8390:Pressure-sensitive adhesive 8113:Material-handling equipment 7997:Verification and validation 7229:Intermediate bulk container 7011:Self-heating food packaging 6512:Desktop publishing software 6432:List of proofreader's marks 4641:Nesbitt, Alexander (1957). 3500:A History of Graphic Design 3451:"Gutenberg Bible Published" 3435:Polenz, Peter von. (1991). 3261:Thomas Christensen (2007). 3246:Polenz, Peter von. (1991). 3128:September 21, 2017, at the 2238:thick ink layers possible, 2170:Ink thickness on substrate 2107:The language of scholarship 1587:Image area (printing areas) 1079: 1005:Library Cave of Mogao Caves 29:of a scene, block used for 10: 8977: 7756:Time temperature indicator 6519:Desktop installed software 6035:Surface chemistry of paper 5538:(Zuo Bo/Tso Po/Tso Tzǔ-yi) 4305:10.1108/IJOPM-01-2019-0075 4199:February 16, 2008, at the 3213:Beckwith, Christopher I., 2860:"Great Chinese Inventions" 2791:The Book: A Global History 2674: 2531: 2509:Good printing resolution, 2355:Liquid electrophotography 2176:Cost-effective run length 1899: 1778: 1774: 1737: 1695: 1619:, and screenless printing. 1442: 1346: 1276: 1018: 1011:, but probably printed in 965: 954: 950: 808:Promotional representative 8827: 8736: 8620: 8534: 8438: 8344: 8289: 8211:Environmental engineering 8186: 8173:Turntable stretch wrapper 8103:Lineshaft roller conveyor 8093:Injection molding machine 8005: 7774: 7404: 7049: 7031:Toothpaste pump dispenser 6891:Disposable food packaging 6836: 6733:Child-resistant packaging 6718: 6655: 6619: 6593: 6518: 6442: 6404: 6323: 6257: 6196: 6141: 6053: 6010: 5969: 5614: 5584: 5554: 5505: 5488: 5480: 5410: 5288: 5222: 5161: 5009: 4880: 4872: 4685:, February 13, 2006 p. R8 4162:10.1109/FIIW.2012.6378343 3827:January 22, 2019, at the 3481:October 12, 2007, at the 2710:Fused deposition modeling 1821:Other printing techniques 1733: 1710:into the bed of a press, 1546: 1541: 1536: 1528: 1515: 1505: 1503: 1498: 1495: 1267: 1117:Printing spread early to 1110:) of 868, uncovered from 1049:Dharani Sutra called the 416: 406: 398:Thermal-transfer printing 396: 386: 371: 361: 351: 341: 331: 321: 311: 301: 291: 281: 271: 261: 251: 241: 231: 221: 211: 201: 191: 181: 171: 161: 146: 131: 121: 111: 101: 8098:Label printer applicator 7967:Shearing (manufacturing) 7566:Low-density polyethylene 6986:Pharmaceutical packaging 6956:Low plastic water bottle 6846:Alternative wine closure 5567:Friedrich Gottlob Keller 4669:Steinberg, S.H. (1996). 4266:Upstate Business Journal 4091:Chemical Society Reviews 3984:Kipphan, Helmut (2001). 3954:Kipphan, Helmut (2001). 3918:Kipphan, Helmut (2001). 3289:Juan González de Mendoza 3158:Bloom, Jonathan (2001). 2719: 2500:2–5 microns in diameter 1759:Las Vegas Review-Journal 1208:printed on paper. These 1051:Pure Light Dharani Sutra 907:and objects such as the 273:Photostat and rectigraph 8905:Promotional merchandise 8885:Out-of-home advertising 8713:Account-based marketing 8501:Plain tobacco packaging 8461:Cigarette warning label 8128:Orbital stretch wrapper 7751:Temperature data logger 7671:Pressure-sensitive tape 7531:Humidity indicator card 7059:Aerosol spray dispenser 6318:Book publishing process 6083:Elemental chlorine free 6040:Units of paper quantity 4996:Collection (publishing) 4920:Illuminated manuscripts 4755:Encyclopædia Britannica 4731:Stower, Caleb (1965) . 4574:Elizabeth L. Eisenstein 3528:Encyclopedia Britannica 3191:Shestack, Alan (1967). 3097:Mayor, A Hyatt (1980). 2023:On the Study of History 1830:Dye-sublimation printer 1785:Gravure printing is an 1149:Block printing, called 803:Promotional merchandise 788:Out-of-home advertising 577:Account-based marketing 72:Part of a series on the 7847:Die forming (plastics) 7556:Liquid packaging board 7259:Multilayered packaging 6991:Plastic milk container 6971:Optical disc packaging 6063:Bleaching of wood pulp 4706:Early printers manuals 4426:Additive Manufacturing 3308:Thomas Franklin Carter 3081:Thomas Franklin Carter 2892:April 6, 2023, at the 2698:additive manufacturing 2667: 2524: 2454:< 0.5 μm 2423:< 0.5 μm 2392:< 0.5 μm 2269:high quality (now HD) 2041: 1934: 1897: 1762: 1693: 1499:Steam-powered presses 1496:Hand-operated presses 1429: 1365: 1363:Plantin-Moretus Museum 1339: 1274: 1253: 1225: 1196: 1016: 913:Cylinders of Nabonidus 612:Horizontal integration 123:Intaglio (printmaking) 66: 8900:Product demonstration 8754:Corporate anniversary 8496:Nutrition facts label 8276:Sustainable packaging 8226:Life-cycle assessment 8206:Closed-loop box reuse 8153:Seed-counting machine 7486:Corrugated fiberboard 7436:Biodegradable plastic 7159:Corrugated box design 6813:Sustainable packaging 6803:Shelf-ready packaging 6778:Packaging engineering 6627:Electronic publishing 6606:Collabora Online Draw 6352:intellectual property 5982:Corrugated fiberboard 5739:Electrical insulation 5592:Thomas Francis Carter 5365:Intellectual property 4991:Volume (bibliography) 4733:The Printer's Grammar 4594:71.2 (2018): 129–152. 4218:www.sciencedirect.com 3756:Ref: Briggs, Asa and 3596:The Library Quarterly 3574:www.davuniversity.org 2665: 2522: 2386:5–30 picolitres (pl) 2317:< 12 μm 2039: 1933:in Carson, California 1928: 1895: 1756: 1687: 1554:Impressions per hour 1445:Rotary printing press 1439:Rotary printing press 1421: 1356: 1337: 1259: 1247: 1240:Movable-type printing 1204:religious images and 1195:, with hand-colouring 1186: 1003:), discovered at the 990: 979:and later on paper. 945:Scientific Revolution 798:Product demonstration 650:Corporate anniversary 243:Hot metal typesetting 55:hot metal typesetting 24: 8915:Visual merchandising 8835:Behavioral targeting 8737:Promotional contents 8246:PET bottle recycling 8108:Logistics automation 7636:Plastic-coated paper 6783:Resealable packaging 6632:List of PDF software 6381:Developmental editor 6376:Commissioning editor 6348:Contract negotiation 4272:on December 20, 2019 3885:History of Education 3040:on November 10, 2013 2637:Indigo Digital Press 2506:< 1 μm 2492:Aerosol-jet printer 2277:Letterpress printing 2116:University libraries 2048:Elizabeth Eisenstein 2021:in his 1895 lecture 1917:, who was exiled in 1888:Quantitative aspects 1698:Letterpress printing 1422:Page-setting room – 1413:all around the world 931:around 1040 and the 813:Visual merchandising 743:Behavioral targeting 617:Vertical integration 597:Influencer marketing 263:Daisy wheel printing 8961:History of printing 8956:Textual scholarship 8860:In-game advertising 8850:Display advertising 8486:Mandatory labelling 8298:Category: Packaging 8133:Packaging machinery 7942:Product development 7741:Tamper-evident band 7581:Modified atmosphere 6921:Foam food container 6565:Microsoft Publisher 6360:rates, format, etc. 4688:Werner, S. (2018). 4679:The New Paper Trail 4026:(41): 23301–23336. 3841:, February 11, 2009 2947:, pp. 149, 150 2866:on December 3, 2010 2844:ahead of Gutenberg. 2200:high print quality 2144: 1979:Ibrahim Muteferrika 1939:early modern period 1902:History of printing 1187:The earliest known 1173:Timurid Renaissance 957:History of printing 763:In-game advertising 753:Display advertising 629:Promotional content 303:Dot matrix printing 78:History of printing 8880:Online advertising 8870:Native advertising 8865:Mobile advertising 8814:Sex in advertising 8668:Corporate identity 8370:In-mould labelling 8261:Reusable packaging 8221:Industrial ecology 7982:Ultrasonic welding 7947:Production control 7897:Injection moulding 7782:Aseptic processing 7491:Corrugated plastic 7361:Steel and tin cans 7331:Shipping container 7269:Packet (container) 7006:Seasonal packaging 6906:Evidence packaging 6886:Currency packaging 6881:Cosmetic packaging 6788:Reusable packaging 6555:LibreOffice Writer 6531:Affinity Publisher 6342:Publisher's reader 5402:World Book Capital 4549:35 (March): 64–76. 4515:. Needham, Joseph 4513:Paper and Printing 4509:Tsien, Tsuen-Hsuin 4401:on August 20, 2022 4395:explainedideas.com 4299:(6/7/8): 935–961. 4103:10.1039/C8CS00084K 4032:10.1039/C9TA07552F 3700:on April 24, 2022. 3425:– entry "printing" 3068:Paper and Printing 3060:Tsuen-Hsuin, Tsien 2987:2009-02-08 at the 2823:Tsien, Tsuen-hsuin 2668: 2593:electrophotography 2525: 2330:Electrophotography 2320:versatile method, 2314:1000–10,000 mPa·s 2245:> 500,000 2209:> 30,000 ( 2142: 2099:Educational impact 2042: 1935: 1898: 1855:, mainly used for 1763: 1720:Johannes Gutenberg 1694: 1656:stencil duplicator 1430: 1393:woodblock printing 1370:Johannes Gutenberg 1366: 1343:The printing press 1340: 1275: 1254: 1197: 1145:In the Middle East 1027:woodblock printing 1017: 973:Woodblock printing 968:Woodblock printing 962:Woodblock printing 937:Johannes Gutenberg 921:woodblock printing 846:Marketing research 783:Online advertising 773:Native advertising 768:Mobile advertising 720:Sex in advertising 537:Consumer behaviour 388:Solid ink printing 103:Woodblock printing 67: 31:woodblock printing 8933: 8932: 8828:Promotional media 8819:Underwriting spot 8794:Product placement 8774:On-hold messaging 8764:Loyalty marketing 8723:Product marketing 8718:Digital marketing 8580: 8579: 8456:Country of origin 8415:Security printing 8405:Security hologram 8360:Die cutting (web) 8304: 8303: 8266:Reverse logistics 8251:Plastic recycling 8123:Multihead weigher 8043:Cartoning machine 8038:Cap torque tester 7952:Quality assurance 7927:Plastic extrusion 7892:Induction sealing 7862:Extrusion coating 7721:Staple (fastener) 7691:Security printing 7526:Hot-melt adhesive 7099:Biodegradable bag 6941:Glass milk bottle 6823:Tamper resistance 6763:Package pilferage 6738:Contract packager 6678: 6677: 6637:Mobile publishing 6536:Apache OpenOffice 6478: 6477: 6285: 6284: 5610: 5609: 5602:Tsien Tsuen-hsuin 5580: 5579: 5550: 5549: 5493:Paper engineering 5448: 5447: 5280:Coffee table book 5111:Bookworm (insect) 4661:978-1-85177-480-7 4613:, 44(3). 221–227. 4566:978-93-85285-03-5 4497:Technikgeschichte 4353:on July 24, 2020. 4171:978-1-4673-2482-3 3997:978-3-540-67326-2 3967:978-3-540-67326-2 3931:978-3-540-67326-2 3879:Modie, G (2014). 3795:978-9944-994-54-5 3724:978-0-323-37500-9 3509:978-0-471-29198-5 3408:978-0-14-020343-1 3342:978-0-13-923897-0 3223:978-0-691-15034-5 3108:978-0-691-00326-9 3099:Prints and People 2838:978-0-521-08690-5 2694:rapid prototyping 2649:spirit duplicator 2517: 2516: 2203:> 5,000 ( 2166:Dynamic viscosity 2148:Printing process 1787:intaglio printing 1754: 1576: 1575: 1480:Printing capacity 1135:old master prints 1093:Shakyamuni Pagoda 1083:), discovered in 1039:Hyakumantō Darani 894: 893: 856:Consumer research 737:Promotional media 725:Underwriting spot 700:Product placement 680:On-hold messaging 670:Loyalty marketing 587:Product marketing 582:Digital marketing 461: 460: 426: 425: 293:Spirit duplicator 203:Chromolithography 8968: 8840:Brand ambassador 8779:Personal selling 8769:Mobile marketing 8759:Direct marketing 8728:Social marketing 8658:Brand management 8607: 8600: 8593: 8584: 8583: 8331: 8324: 8317: 8308: 8307: 8295: 8294: 8281:Waste management 8271:Source reduction 8088:Industrial robot 7992:Vacuum packaging 7917:Package tracking 7872:Glass production 7832:Corona treatment 7822:Containerization 7686:Screw cap (wine) 7601:Oxygen scavenger 7064:Aluminium bottle 7016:Screw cap (wine) 6961:Luxury packaging 6793:Reuse of bottles 6758:Package delivery 6743:Edible packaging 6728:Active packaging 6705: 6698: 6691: 6682: 6681: 6551:LibreOffice Draw 6505: 6498: 6491: 6482: 6481: 6312: 6305: 6298: 6289: 6288: 6275: 6274: 6265: 6264: 6249:Beverage cartons 6239:Watercolor paper 6098:Hollander beater 5582: 5581: 5552: 5551: 5526: 5525: 5475: 5468: 5461: 5452: 5451: 5438: 5428: 5427: 5418: 5417: 5348:History of books 4867: 4860: 4853: 4844: 4843: 4775: 4767: 4765:"Printing" 4759: 4751: 4749:"Printing" 4736: 4720: 4674: 4665: 4646: 4624:Marshall McLuhan 4606: 4592:Ilha do Desterro 4570: 4559:. Niyogi Books. 4530: 4504: 4481: 4480: 4479: 4475: 4468: 4462: 4461: 4459: 4457: 4443: 4437: 4436: 4434: 4432: 4417: 4411: 4410: 4408: 4406: 4397:. Archived from 4387: 4381: 4380: 4378: 4376: 4361: 4355: 4354: 4349:. Archived from 4331: 4325: 4324: 4288: 4282: 4281: 4279: 4277: 4258: 4252: 4251: 4240: 4234: 4233: 4231: 4229: 4210: 4204: 4190: 4184: 4183: 4156:. pp. 1–4. 4149: 4143: 4142: 4140: 4138: 4097:(9): 3265–3300. 4078: 4072: 4071: 4069: 4067: 4011: 4002: 4001: 3981: 3972: 3971: 3951: 3936: 3935: 3915: 3909: 3908: 3876: 3863: 3860: 3854: 3851: 3842: 3833:Edward Rothstein 3818: 3812: 3803: 3797: 3783: 3777: 3776: 3767: 3761: 3754: 3745: 3738: 3729: 3728: 3708: 3702: 3701: 3696:. Archived from 3685: 3679: 3673: 3664: 3658: 3652: 3646: 3640: 3634: 3628: 3627: 3591: 3585: 3584: 3582: 3580: 3571: 3563: 3557: 3556: 3554: 3552: 3538: 3532: 3531: 3520: 3514: 3513: 3496:Meggs, Philip B. 3492: 3486: 3472: 3466: 3465: 3463: 3461: 3447: 3441: 3440: 3432: 3426: 3419: 3413: 3412: 3391:Steinberg, S. H. 3387: 3381: 3363: 3357: 3353: 3347: 3346: 3325:L. S. Stavrianos 3321: 3315: 3305: 3299: 3298: 3285: 3279: 3278: 3276: 3274: 3258: 3252: 3251: 3243: 3237: 3231: 3225: 3211: 3205: 3204: 3188: 3182: 3181: 3165: 3155: 3149: 3146: 3140: 3139:(3), pp. 427–38. 3119: 3113: 3112: 3094: 3088: 3078: 3072: 3071: 3056: 3050: 3049: 3047: 3045: 3030: 3024: 3019: 3013: 3008: 3002: 2997: 2991: 2979: 2973: 2972: 2954: 2948: 2942: 2933: 2932: 2930: 2928: 2903: 2897: 2882: 2876: 2875: 2873: 2871: 2856: 2847: 2846: 2825:, eds. (2001) . 2815: 2809: 2808: 2786: 2775: 2769: 2763: 2757: 2737: 2730: 2645:digital printing 2629:digital printing 2615:printer – where 2534:Digital printing 2528:Digital printing 2292:0.5–1.5 μm 2266:0.8–2.5 μm 2197:0.5–1.5 μm 2151:Transfer method 2145: 2141: 1910:Religious impact 1874:Thermal printing 1755: 1526: 1523: 1513: 1510: 1506:Gutenberg-style 1491: 1490: 1428: 1425: 1272: 1271: 1230: 1082: 1072: 1071: 1062: 1061: 886: 879: 872: 851:Mystery shopping 748:Brand ambassador 685:Personal selling 675:Mobile marketing 655:Direct marketing 640:Ambush marketing 607:Annoyance factor 592:Social marketing 542:Consumer culture 522:Brand management 463: 462: 453: 446: 439: 418:Digital printing 382: 379: 373:Thermal printing 333:Phototypesetting 157: 154: 142: 139: 99: 98: 88: 69: 68: 51:linotype machine 8976: 8975: 8971: 8970: 8969: 8967: 8966: 8965: 8936: 8935: 8934: 8929: 8823: 8809:Sales promotion 8732: 8653:Brand licensing 8616: 8611: 8581: 8576: 8572:Track and trace 8557:Label dispenser 8530: 8471:EU energy label 8434: 8340: 8335: 8305: 8300: 8285: 8241:Paper recycling 8236:Packaging waste 8216:Glass recycling 8188: 8182: 8138:Pallet inverter 8058:Conveyor system 8013:Barcode printer 8001: 7977:Track and trace 7932:Plastic welding 7867:Flame treatment 7837:Curtain coating 7770: 7591:Nonwoven fabric 7576:Metallised film 7481:Container glass 7408: 7406: 7400: 7376:Tub (container) 7274:Padded envelope 7045: 6871:Case-ready meat 6838: 6832: 6768:Package testing 6720: 6714: 6709: 6679: 6674: 6651: 6615: 6589: 6514: 6509: 6479: 6474: 6443:Book production 6438: 6400: 6386:Authors' editor 6371:Literary editor 6319: 6316: 6286: 6281: 6253: 6192: 6137: 6133:Sulfite process 6118:Paper recycling 6073:Conical refiner 6055: 6049: 6006: 5992:Paper chemicals 5965: 5606: 5576: 5572:Charles Fenerty 5546: 5524: 5520:Missal of Silos 5515:Battle of Talas 5501: 5484: 5479: 5449: 5444: 5406: 5391:The Philobiblon 5284: 5218: 5157: 5005: 4952:limited edition 4876: 4871: 4762: 4746: 4743: 4708: 4702: 4662: 4599:Gaskell, Philip 4567: 4542: 4540:Further reading 4536: 4534: 4527: 4490: 4485: 4484: 4477: 4470: 4469: 4465: 4455: 4453: 4445: 4444: 4440: 4430: 4428: 4418: 4414: 4404: 4402: 4389: 4388: 4384: 4374: 4372: 4362: 4358: 4333: 4332: 4328: 4289: 4285: 4275: 4273: 4260: 4259: 4255: 4248:tmg-muenchen.de 4242: 4241: 4237: 4227: 4225: 4212: 4211: 4207: 4201:Wayback Machine 4191: 4187: 4172: 4150: 4146: 4136: 4134: 4085:(May 8, 2018). 4083:Hasan, Tawfique 4079: 4075: 4065: 4063: 4012: 4005: 3998: 3982: 3975: 3968: 3952: 3939: 3932: 3916: 3912: 3877: 3866: 3861: 3857: 3852: 3845: 3829:Wayback Machine 3819: 3815: 3804: 3800: 3784: 3780: 3775:. London. 1641. 3769: 3768: 3764: 3755: 3748: 3739: 3732: 3725: 3709: 3705: 3686: 3682: 3674: 3667: 3659: 3655: 3647: 3643: 3635: 3631: 3592: 3588: 3578: 3576: 3569: 3565: 3564: 3560: 3550: 3548: 3539: 3535: 3522: 3521: 3517: 3510: 3493: 3489: 3483:Wayback Machine 3473: 3469: 3459: 3457: 3449: 3448: 3444: 3433: 3429: 3420: 3416: 3409: 3388: 3384: 3364: 3360: 3354: 3350: 3343: 3322: 3318: 3306: 3302: 3286: 3282: 3272: 3270: 3259: 3255: 3244: 3240: 3232: 3228: 3212: 3208: 3189: 3185: 3178: 3156: 3152: 3147: 3143: 3130:Wayback Machine 3120: 3116: 3109: 3095: 3091: 3079: 3075: 3064:Needham, Joseph 3057: 3053: 3043: 3041: 3032: 3031: 3027: 3020: 3016: 3009: 3005: 2998: 2994: 2989:Wayback Machine 2980: 2976: 2969: 2955: 2951: 2943: 2936: 2926: 2924: 2905: 2904: 2900: 2894:Wayback Machine 2883: 2879: 2869: 2867: 2858: 2857: 2850: 2839: 2819:Needham, Joseph 2816: 2812: 2805: 2787: 2778: 2770: 2766: 2758: 2751: 2746: 2741: 2740: 2731: 2727: 2722: 2679: 2673: 2536: 2530: 2510: 2460:< 350 ( 2429:< 350 ( 2398:< 350 ( 2321: 2303:Screen-printing 2241: 2239: 2182:Offset printing 2140: 2131: 2118: 2109: 2101: 2014: 1947:Armenian script 1912: 1904: 1890: 1883: 1862:Screen printing 1823: 1808: 1783: 1777: 1744: 1742: 1736: 1728:offset printing 1704:relief printing 1700: 1682: 1669: 1652:screen printing 1581: 1548: 1543: 1538: 1533: 1524: 1520: 1511: 1507: 1482: 1462:William Bullock 1447: 1441: 1426: 1405:Gutenberg Bible 1351: 1345: 1281: 1242: 1233:Biblia pauperum 1181: 1159:, developed in 1147: 1108:British Library 1023: 1001:British Library 999:China, AD 868 ( 985: 970: 964: 959: 953: 890: 861: 860: 841:Market research 836: 828: 827: 738: 730: 729: 715:Sales promotion 630: 622: 621: 517:Brand licensing 487: 457: 428: 427: 380: 353:Dye-sublimation 343:Inkjet printing 283:Screen printing 233:Offset printing 173:Relief printing 155: 140: 96: 59:digital printer 17: 12: 11: 5: 8974: 8964: 8963: 8958: 8953: 8948: 8931: 8930: 8928: 8927: 8922: 8917: 8912: 8907: 8902: 8897: 8892: 8887: 8882: 8877: 8872: 8867: 8862: 8857: 8855:Drip marketing 8852: 8847: 8842: 8837: 8831: 8829: 8825: 8824: 8822: 8821: 8816: 8811: 8806: 8801: 8796: 8791: 8786: 8781: 8776: 8771: 8766: 8761: 8756: 8751: 8746: 8740: 8738: 8734: 8733: 8731: 8730: 8725: 8720: 8715: 8710: 8705: 8700: 8695: 8690: 8685: 8680: 8675: 8670: 8665: 8660: 8655: 8650: 8645: 8640: 8635: 8630: 8624: 8622: 8618: 8617: 8610: 8609: 8602: 8595: 8587: 8578: 8577: 8575: 8574: 8569: 8564: 8559: 8554: 8549: 8547:Authentication 8544: 8538: 8536: 8532: 8531: 8529: 8528: 8523: 8518: 8513: 8508: 8503: 8498: 8493: 8488: 8483: 8478: 8473: 8468: 8463: 8458: 8453: 8448: 8442: 8440: 8436: 8435: 8433: 8432: 8427: 8422: 8420:Security label 8417: 8412: 8407: 8402: 8397: 8392: 8387: 8382: 8377: 8372: 8367: 8362: 8357: 8351: 8349: 8342: 8341: 8334: 8333: 8326: 8319: 8311: 8302: 8301: 8290: 8287: 8286: 8284: 8283: 8278: 8273: 8268: 8263: 8258: 8253: 8248: 8243: 8238: 8233: 8228: 8223: 8218: 8213: 8208: 8203: 8201:Can collecting 8198: 8196:Biodegradation 8192: 8190: 8184: 8183: 8181: 8180: 8175: 8170: 8168:Tape dispenser 8165: 8160: 8155: 8150: 8145: 8140: 8135: 8130: 8125: 8120: 8115: 8110: 8105: 8100: 8095: 8090: 8085: 8080: 8075: 8070: 8065: 8060: 8055: 8050: 8045: 8040: 8035: 8030: 8025: 8020: 8018:Barcode reader 8015: 8009: 8007: 8003: 8002: 8000: 7999: 7994: 7989: 7987:Vacuum forming 7984: 7979: 7974: 7969: 7964: 7959: 7954: 7949: 7944: 7939: 7934: 7929: 7924: 7919: 7914: 7909: 7904: 7899: 7894: 7889: 7884: 7879: 7877:Graphic design 7874: 7869: 7864: 7859: 7854: 7849: 7844: 7839: 7834: 7829: 7824: 7819: 7814: 7809: 7804: 7799: 7797:Blow fill seal 7794: 7789: 7787:Authentication 7784: 7778: 7776: 7772: 7771: 7769: 7768: 7763: 7758: 7753: 7748: 7743: 7738: 7733: 7728: 7723: 7718: 7713: 7708: 7703: 7701:Shock detector 7698: 7693: 7688: 7683: 7678: 7676:Pump dispenser 7673: 7668: 7663: 7658: 7653: 7648: 7646:Plastic pallet 7643: 7638: 7633: 7628: 7623: 7618: 7613: 7608: 7606:Package handle 7603: 7598: 7593: 7588: 7583: 7578: 7573: 7568: 7563: 7558: 7553: 7548: 7543: 7538: 7533: 7528: 7523: 7518: 7513: 7508: 7503: 7498: 7493: 7488: 7483: 7478: 7473: 7468: 7463: 7458: 7453: 7448: 7443: 7438: 7433: 7428: 7423: 7421:Aluminium foil 7418: 7412: 7410: 7402: 7401: 7399: 7398: 7393: 7388: 7383: 7378: 7373: 7368: 7363: 7358: 7356:Stand-up pouch 7353: 7348: 7343: 7338: 7333: 7328: 7323: 7322: 7321: 7311: 7306: 7301: 7299:Plastic bottle 7296: 7291: 7286: 7281: 7276: 7271: 7266: 7261: 7256: 7251: 7246: 7241: 7236: 7231: 7226: 7221: 7216: 7211: 7206: 7204:Folding carton 7201: 7196: 7191: 7189:Euro container 7186: 7181: 7176: 7171: 7169:Disposable cup 7166: 7161: 7156: 7151: 7146: 7141: 7136: 7131: 7126: 7121: 7116: 7111: 7106: 7101: 7096: 7091: 7086: 7081: 7079:Antistatic bag 7076: 7071: 7066: 7061: 7055: 7053: 7047: 7046: 7044: 7043: 7038: 7033: 7028: 7023: 7018: 7013: 7008: 7003: 6998: 6993: 6988: 6983: 6978: 6973: 6968: 6963: 6958: 6953: 6948: 6943: 6938: 6933: 6931:Fuel container 6928: 6926:Food packaging 6923: 6918: 6913: 6908: 6903: 6898: 6893: 6888: 6883: 6878: 6873: 6868: 6863: 6858: 6853: 6851:Ammunition box 6848: 6842: 6840: 6834: 6833: 6831: 6830: 6825: 6820: 6818:Tamper-evident 6815: 6810: 6805: 6800: 6795: 6790: 6785: 6780: 6775: 6770: 6765: 6760: 6755: 6750: 6745: 6740: 6735: 6730: 6724: 6722: 6716: 6715: 6708: 6707: 6700: 6693: 6685: 6676: 6675: 6673: 6672: 6667: 6662: 6656: 6653: 6652: 6650: 6649: 6644: 6639: 6634: 6629: 6623: 6621: 6617: 6616: 6614: 6613: 6608: 6603: 6597: 6595: 6591: 6590: 6588: 6587: 6585:The Print Shop 6582: 6577: 6572: 6567: 6562: 6557: 6548: 6543: 6538: 6533: 6528: 6526:Adobe InDesign 6522: 6520: 6516: 6515: 6508: 6507: 6500: 6493: 6485: 6476: 6475: 6473: 6472: 6467: 6462: 6457: 6452: 6446: 6444: 6440: 6439: 6437: 6436: 6435: 6434: 6424: 6419: 6414: 6408: 6406: 6402: 6401: 6399: 6398: 6393: 6388: 6383: 6378: 6373: 6368: 6362: 6361: 6355: 6349: 6345: 6344: 6339: 6337:Literary agent 6334: 6330: 6328: 6321: 6320: 6315: 6314: 6307: 6300: 6292: 6283: 6282: 6280: 6279: 6269: 6258: 6255: 6254: 6252: 6251: 6246: 6241: 6236: 6231: 6226: 6221: 6216: 6211: 6206: 6200: 6198: 6194: 6193: 6191: 6190: 6189: 6188: 6178: 6177: 6176: 6171: 6166: 6161: 6156: 6149:Paper industry 6145: 6143: 6139: 6138: 6136: 6135: 6130: 6125: 6120: 6115: 6110: 6105: 6100: 6095: 6093:Handmade paper 6090: 6085: 6080: 6075: 6070: 6065: 6059: 6057: 6051: 6050: 6048: 6047: 6042: 6037: 6032: 6027: 6022: 6016: 6014: 6012:Specifications 6008: 6007: 6005: 6004: 5999: 5994: 5989: 5984: 5979: 5973: 5971: 5967: 5966: 5964: 5963: 5958: 5953: 5948: 5943: 5938: 5933: 5928: 5923: 5918: 5913: 5908: 5903: 5898: 5893: 5888: 5883: 5878: 5873: 5868: 5863: 5858: 5853: 5851:Plastic-coated 5848: 5843: 5838: 5833: 5828: 5823: 5818: 5813: 5808: 5803: 5798: 5797: 5796: 5786: 5781: 5776: 5771: 5766: 5761: 5756: 5751: 5746: 5741: 5736: 5731: 5726: 5721: 5716: 5711: 5710: 5709: 5699: 5694: 5689: 5684: 5679: 5674: 5669: 5664: 5659: 5654: 5649: 5644: 5639: 5634: 5629: 5624: 5618: 5616: 5612: 5611: 5608: 5607: 5605: 5604: 5599: 5594: 5588: 5586: 5578: 5577: 5575: 5574: 5569: 5564: 5562:Matthias Koops 5558: 5556: 5548: 5547: 5545: 5544: 5539: 5532: 5530: 5523: 5522: 5517: 5511: 5509: 5503: 5502: 5500: 5499: 5489: 5486: 5485: 5478: 5477: 5470: 5463: 5455: 5446: 5445: 5443: 5442: 5432: 5422: 5411: 5408: 5407: 5405: 5404: 5399: 5397:World Book Day 5394: 5387: 5382: 5377: 5372: 5367: 5362: 5361: 5360: 5355: 5345: 5340: 5335: 5330: 5325: 5323:Book packaging 5320: 5315: 5314: 5313: 5308: 5298: 5292: 5290: 5286: 5285: 5283: 5282: 5277: 5276: 5275: 5270: 5265: 5257: 5252: 5251: 5250: 5245: 5240: 5235: 5226: 5224: 5220: 5219: 5217: 5216: 5211: 5209:United Kingdom 5206: 5201: 5196: 5191: 5186: 5181: 5176: 5171: 5165: 5163: 5159: 5158: 5156: 5155: 5150: 5149: 5148: 5138: 5133: 5128: 5127: 5126: 5121: 5113: 5108: 5103: 5098: 5093: 5088: 5087: 5086: 5081: 5076: 5071: 5061: 5056: 5051: 5046: 5036: 5031: 5030: 5029: 5019: 5013: 5011: 5007: 5006: 5004: 5003: 4998: 4993: 4988: 4983: 4978: 4977: 4976: 4971: 4966: 4956: 4955: 4954: 4949: 4944: 4939: 4934: 4924: 4923: 4922: 4912: 4907: 4902: 4901: 4900: 4890: 4884: 4882: 4878: 4877: 4870: 4869: 4862: 4855: 4847: 4841: 4840: 4835: 4830: 4825: 4820: 4815: 4809: 4804: 4799: 4793: 4787: 4782: 4776: 4760: 4742: 4741:External links 4739: 4738: 4737: 4727: 4726: 4722: 4721: 4707: 4704: 4700: 4699: 4693: 4686: 4677:Tam, Pui-Wing 4675: 4666: 4660: 4647: 4645:. Dover Books. 4638: 4621: 4614: 4607: 4595: 4588: 4571: 4565: 4550: 4541: 4538: 4533: 4532: 4525: 4505: 4491: 4489: 4486: 4483: 4482: 4463: 4438: 4412: 4382: 4356: 4326: 4283: 4253: 4235: 4205: 4185: 4170: 4144: 4073: 4003: 3996: 3973: 3966: 3937: 3930: 3910: 3864: 3855: 3843: 3838:New York Times 3813: 3798: 3778: 3762: 3746: 3730: 3723: 3703: 3680: 3665: 3653: 3641: 3629: 3608:10.1086/620028 3586: 3558: 3533: 3515: 3508: 3487: 3467: 3442: 3427: 3414: 3407: 3382: 3380:, p. 241. 3358: 3348: 3341: 3316: 3300: 3280: 3253: 3238: 3226: 3206: 3183: 3176: 3150: 3141: 3114: 3107: 3089: 3073: 3051: 3025: 3014: 3003: 2992: 2974: 2968:978-1861893352 2967: 2949: 2934: 2898: 2877: 2848: 2837: 2810: 2803: 2776: 2774:, p. 146. 2764: 2748: 2747: 2745: 2742: 2739: 2738: 2724: 2723: 2721: 2718: 2675:Main article: 2672: 2669: 2621: 2620: 2610: 2600: 2590: 2584: 2578: 2572: 2566: 2560: 2550: 2549: 2546: 2532:Main article: 2529: 2526: 2515: 2514: 2512: 2507: 2504: 2501: 2498: 2496: 2493: 2489: 2488: 2486: 2483: 2481: 2479: 2477: 2475: 2472: 2470:Transfer-print 2466: 2465: 2458: 2455: 2452: 2449: 2446: 2444: 2441: 2439:Inkjet printer 2435: 2434: 2427: 2424: 2421: 2418: 2415: 2413: 2412:piezoelectric 2410: 2408:Inkjet printer 2404: 2403: 2396: 2393: 2390: 2387: 2384: 2382: 2379: 2377:Inkjet printer 2373: 2372: 2370: 2367: 2365: 2363: 2361: 2359: 2356: 2352: 2351: 2349: 2346: 2343: 2341: 2339: 2337: 2335:electrostatics 2332: 2326: 2325: 2323: 2318: 2315: 2312: 2310: 2308: 2305: 2299: 2298: 2296: 2293: 2290: 2287: 2285: 2282: 2279: 2273: 2272: 2270: 2267: 2264: 2261: 2259: 2256: 2253: 2247: 2246: 2243: 2236: 2235:0.8–8 μm 2233: 2230: 2228: 2225: 2222: 2216: 2215: 2201: 2198: 2195: 2192: 2190: 2187: 2184: 2178: 2177: 2174: 2171: 2168: 2163: 2158: 2152: 2149: 2139: 2136: 2130: 2127: 2117: 2114: 2108: 2105: 2100: 2097: 2081: 2080: 2076: 2072: 2069: 2065: 2013: 2010: 2002:William Carter 1951:Ottoman Empire 1915:Samuel Hartlib 1911: 1908: 1900:Main article: 1889: 1886: 1882: 1879: 1878: 1877: 1871: 1865: 1859: 1850: 1844: 1841:Laser printing 1838: 1832: 1822: 1819: 1807: 1804: 1779:Main article: 1776: 1773: 1738:Main article: 1735: 1732: 1696:Main article: 1681: 1678: 1668: 1665: 1664: 1663: 1644: 1626: 1620: 1592: 1591: 1588: 1580: 1577: 1574: 1573: 1570: 1567: 1564: 1561: 1558: 1555: 1551: 1550: 1545: 1540: 1535: 1527: 1514: 1504: 1501: 1500: 1497: 1494: 1481: 1478: 1455:New York World 1451:Richard M. Hoe 1443:Main article: 1440: 1437: 1386:printing press 1349:Printing press 1347:Main article: 1344: 1341: 1277:Main article: 1241: 1238: 1180: 1177: 1146: 1143: 1019:Main article: 984: 981: 966:Main article: 963: 960: 955:Main article: 952: 949: 933:printing press 909:Cyrus Cylinder 905:cylinder seals 892: 891: 889: 888: 881: 874: 866: 863: 862: 859: 858: 853: 848: 843: 837: 834: 833: 830: 829: 826: 825: 820: 815: 810: 805: 800: 795: 790: 785: 780: 775: 770: 765: 760: 758:Drip marketing 755: 750: 745: 739: 736: 735: 732: 731: 728: 727: 722: 717: 712: 707: 702: 697: 692: 687: 682: 677: 672: 667: 662: 657: 652: 647: 642: 637: 631: 628: 627: 624: 623: 620: 619: 614: 609: 604: 599: 594: 589: 584: 579: 574: 569: 564: 559: 554: 549: 544: 539: 534: 532:Communications 529: 524: 519: 514: 509: 504: 499: 494: 488: 485: 484: 481: 480: 479: 478: 470: 469: 459: 458: 456: 455: 448: 441: 433: 430: 429: 424: 423: 420: 414: 413: 410: 404: 403: 400: 394: 393: 390: 384: 383: 375: 369: 368: 365: 363:Laser printing 359: 358: 355: 349: 348: 345: 339: 338: 335: 329: 328: 325: 323:Spark printing 319: 318: 315: 309: 308: 305: 299: 298: 295: 289: 288: 285: 279: 278: 275: 269: 268: 265: 259: 258: 255: 249: 248: 245: 239: 238: 235: 229: 228: 225: 219: 218: 215: 209: 208: 205: 199: 198: 195: 189: 188: 185: 179: 178: 175: 169: 168: 165: 159: 158: 150: 144: 143: 135: 133:Printing press 129: 128: 125: 119: 118: 115: 109: 108: 105: 97: 94: 93: 90: 89: 81: 80: 74: 73: 39:printing press 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8973: 8962: 8959: 8957: 8954: 8952: 8949: 8947: 8944: 8943: 8941: 8926: 8925:Word-of-mouth 8923: 8921: 8918: 8916: 8913: 8911: 8908: 8906: 8903: 8901: 8898: 8896: 8893: 8891: 8890:Point of sale 8888: 8886: 8883: 8881: 8878: 8876: 8873: 8871: 8868: 8866: 8863: 8861: 8858: 8856: 8853: 8851: 8848: 8846: 8843: 8841: 8838: 8836: 8833: 8832: 8830: 8826: 8820: 8817: 8815: 8812: 8810: 8807: 8805: 8802: 8800: 8797: 8795: 8792: 8790: 8787: 8785: 8782: 8780: 8777: 8775: 8772: 8770: 8767: 8765: 8762: 8760: 8757: 8755: 8752: 8750: 8747: 8745: 8742: 8741: 8739: 8735: 8729: 8726: 8724: 8721: 8719: 8716: 8714: 8711: 8709: 8706: 8704: 8701: 8699: 8696: 8694: 8691: 8689: 8686: 8684: 8681: 8679: 8678:Effectiveness 8676: 8674: 8671: 8669: 8666: 8664: 8661: 8659: 8656: 8654: 8651: 8649: 8646: 8644: 8641: 8639: 8636: 8634: 8631: 8629: 8626: 8625: 8623: 8619: 8615: 8608: 8603: 8601: 8596: 8594: 8589: 8588: 8585: 8573: 8570: 8568: 8565: 8563: 8562:Label printer 8560: 8558: 8555: 8553: 8550: 8548: 8545: 8543: 8540: 8539: 8537: 8533: 8527: 8524: 8522: 8521:Warning label 8519: 8517: 8514: 8512: 8509: 8507: 8504: 8502: 8499: 8497: 8494: 8492: 8489: 8487: 8484: 8482: 8479: 8477: 8474: 8472: 8469: 8467: 8464: 8462: 8459: 8457: 8454: 8452: 8449: 8447: 8444: 8443: 8441: 8437: 8431: 8428: 8426: 8423: 8421: 8418: 8416: 8413: 8411: 8410:Release liner 8408: 8406: 8403: 8401: 8398: 8396: 8393: 8391: 8388: 8386: 8383: 8381: 8378: 8376: 8373: 8371: 8368: 8366: 8363: 8361: 8358: 8356: 8353: 8352: 8350: 8347: 8343: 8339: 8332: 8327: 8325: 8320: 8318: 8313: 8312: 8309: 8299: 8288: 8282: 8279: 8277: 8274: 8272: 8269: 8267: 8264: 8262: 8259: 8257: 8254: 8252: 8249: 8247: 8244: 8242: 8239: 8237: 8234: 8232: 8229: 8227: 8224: 8222: 8219: 8217: 8214: 8212: 8209: 8207: 8204: 8202: 8199: 8197: 8194: 8193: 8191: 8185: 8179: 8176: 8174: 8171: 8169: 8166: 8164: 8161: 8159: 8158:Shrink tunnel 8156: 8154: 8151: 8149: 8146: 8144: 8141: 8139: 8136: 8134: 8131: 8129: 8126: 8124: 8121: 8119: 8116: 8114: 8111: 8109: 8106: 8104: 8101: 8099: 8096: 8094: 8091: 8089: 8086: 8084: 8081: 8079: 8076: 8074: 8071: 8069: 8066: 8064: 8061: 8059: 8056: 8054: 8053:Check weigher 8051: 8049: 8046: 8044: 8041: 8039: 8036: 8034: 8031: 8029: 8026: 8024: 8023:Bottling line 8021: 8019: 8016: 8014: 8011: 8010: 8008: 8004: 7998: 7995: 7993: 7990: 7988: 7985: 7983: 7980: 7978: 7975: 7973: 7972:Thermoforming 7970: 7968: 7965: 7963: 7962:Roll slitting 7960: 7958: 7955: 7953: 7950: 7948: 7945: 7943: 7940: 7938: 7935: 7933: 7930: 7928: 7925: 7923: 7920: 7918: 7915: 7913: 7910: 7908: 7907:Laser cutting 7905: 7903: 7900: 7898: 7895: 7893: 7890: 7888: 7887:Hermetic seal 7885: 7883: 7880: 7878: 7875: 7873: 7870: 7868: 7865: 7863: 7860: 7858: 7855: 7853: 7850: 7848: 7845: 7843: 7840: 7838: 7835: 7833: 7830: 7828: 7825: 7823: 7820: 7818: 7815: 7813: 7810: 7808: 7805: 7803: 7800: 7798: 7795: 7793: 7790: 7788: 7785: 7783: 7780: 7779: 7777: 7773: 7767: 7764: 7762: 7759: 7757: 7754: 7752: 7749: 7747: 7744: 7742: 7739: 7737: 7734: 7732: 7729: 7727: 7724: 7722: 7719: 7717: 7714: 7712: 7709: 7707: 7704: 7702: 7699: 7697: 7696:Security tape 7694: 7692: 7689: 7687: 7684: 7682: 7679: 7677: 7674: 7672: 7669: 7667: 7666:Polypropylene 7664: 7662: 7659: 7657: 7654: 7652: 7649: 7647: 7644: 7642: 7639: 7637: 7634: 7632: 7629: 7627: 7624: 7622: 7619: 7617: 7614: 7612: 7611:Packaging gas 7609: 7607: 7604: 7602: 7599: 7597: 7594: 7592: 7589: 7587: 7584: 7582: 7579: 7577: 7574: 7572: 7569: 7567: 7564: 7562: 7559: 7557: 7554: 7552: 7549: 7547: 7544: 7542: 7539: 7537: 7534: 7532: 7529: 7527: 7524: 7522: 7519: 7517: 7514: 7512: 7509: 7507: 7504: 7502: 7499: 7497: 7494: 7492: 7489: 7487: 7484: 7482: 7479: 7477: 7474: 7472: 7469: 7467: 7464: 7462: 7459: 7457: 7454: 7452: 7449: 7447: 7444: 7442: 7439: 7437: 7434: 7432: 7429: 7427: 7424: 7422: 7419: 7417: 7414: 7413: 7411: 7403: 7397: 7394: 7392: 7389: 7387: 7384: 7382: 7379: 7377: 7374: 7372: 7369: 7367: 7364: 7362: 7359: 7357: 7354: 7352: 7349: 7347: 7344: 7342: 7339: 7337: 7336:Shipping tube 7334: 7332: 7329: 7327: 7324: 7320: 7317: 7316: 7315: 7312: 7310: 7307: 7305: 7302: 7300: 7297: 7295: 7292: 7290: 7287: 7285: 7282: 7280: 7277: 7275: 7272: 7270: 7267: 7265: 7262: 7260: 7257: 7255: 7252: 7250: 7247: 7245: 7242: 7240: 7237: 7235: 7232: 7230: 7227: 7225: 7222: 7220: 7217: 7215: 7212: 7210: 7207: 7205: 7202: 7200: 7199:Flexible tank 7197: 7195: 7192: 7190: 7187: 7185: 7182: 7180: 7177: 7175: 7172: 7170: 7167: 7165: 7162: 7160: 7157: 7155: 7152: 7150: 7147: 7145: 7142: 7140: 7137: 7135: 7132: 7130: 7127: 7125: 7122: 7120: 7117: 7115: 7112: 7110: 7107: 7105: 7102: 7100: 7097: 7095: 7092: 7090: 7087: 7085: 7082: 7080: 7077: 7075: 7072: 7070: 7067: 7065: 7062: 7060: 7057: 7056: 7054: 7052: 7048: 7042: 7039: 7037: 7034: 7032: 7029: 7027: 7024: 7022: 7019: 7017: 7014: 7012: 7009: 7007: 7004: 7002: 6999: 6997: 6994: 6992: 6989: 6987: 6984: 6982: 6979: 6977: 6974: 6972: 6969: 6967: 6964: 6962: 6959: 6957: 6954: 6952: 6949: 6947: 6944: 6942: 6939: 6937: 6934: 6932: 6929: 6927: 6924: 6922: 6919: 6917: 6914: 6912: 6909: 6907: 6904: 6902: 6899: 6897: 6894: 6892: 6889: 6887: 6884: 6882: 6879: 6877: 6874: 6872: 6869: 6867: 6864: 6862: 6859: 6857: 6854: 6852: 6849: 6847: 6844: 6843: 6841: 6835: 6829: 6826: 6824: 6821: 6819: 6816: 6814: 6811: 6809: 6806: 6804: 6801: 6799: 6796: 6794: 6791: 6789: 6786: 6784: 6781: 6779: 6776: 6774: 6773:Package theft 6771: 6769: 6766: 6764: 6761: 6759: 6756: 6754: 6753:Overpackaging 6751: 6749: 6746: 6744: 6741: 6739: 6736: 6734: 6731: 6729: 6726: 6725: 6723: 6717: 6713: 6706: 6701: 6699: 6694: 6692: 6687: 6686: 6683: 6671: 6668: 6666: 6663: 6661: 6658: 6657: 6654: 6648: 6645: 6643: 6640: 6638: 6635: 6633: 6630: 6628: 6625: 6624: 6622: 6618: 6612: 6609: 6607: 6604: 6602: 6599: 6598: 6596: 6592: 6586: 6583: 6581: 6578: 6576: 6573: 6571: 6568: 6566: 6563: 6561: 6558: 6556: 6552: 6549: 6547: 6544: 6542: 6539: 6537: 6534: 6532: 6529: 6527: 6524: 6523: 6521: 6517: 6513: 6506: 6501: 6499: 6494: 6492: 6487: 6486: 6483: 6471: 6468: 6466: 6463: 6461: 6458: 6456: 6453: 6451: 6448: 6447: 6445: 6441: 6433: 6430: 6429: 6428: 6427:Proof-reading 6425: 6423: 6420: 6418: 6415: 6413: 6410: 6409: 6407: 6403: 6397: 6394: 6392: 6389: 6387: 6384: 6382: 6379: 6377: 6374: 6372: 6369: 6367: 6364: 6363: 6359: 6356: 6353: 6350: 6347: 6346: 6343: 6340: 6338: 6335: 6332: 6331: 6329: 6326: 6322: 6313: 6308: 6306: 6301: 6299: 6294: 6293: 6290: 6278: 6270: 6268: 6260: 6259: 6256: 6250: 6247: 6245: 6242: 6240: 6237: 6235: 6232: 6230: 6227: 6225: 6222: 6220: 6217: 6215: 6212: 6210: 6207: 6205: 6202: 6201: 6199: 6195: 6187: 6184: 6183: 6182: 6179: 6175: 6174:United States 6172: 6170: 6167: 6165: 6162: 6160: 6157: 6155: 6152: 6151: 6150: 6147: 6146: 6144: 6140: 6134: 6131: 6129: 6126: 6124: 6121: 6119: 6116: 6114: 6113:Paper machine 6111: 6109: 6106: 6104: 6103:Kraft process 6101: 6099: 6096: 6094: 6091: 6089: 6086: 6084: 6081: 6079: 6076: 6074: 6071: 6069: 6066: 6064: 6061: 6060: 6058: 6052: 6046: 6043: 6041: 6038: 6036: 6033: 6031: 6028: 6026: 6023: 6021: 6018: 6017: 6015: 6013: 6009: 6003: 6000: 5998: 5995: 5993: 5990: 5988: 5985: 5983: 5980: 5978: 5975: 5974: 5972: 5968: 5962: 5959: 5957: 5954: 5952: 5949: 5947: 5944: 5942: 5939: 5937: 5934: 5932: 5929: 5927: 5924: 5922: 5919: 5917: 5914: 5912: 5909: 5907: 5904: 5902: 5899: 5897: 5894: 5892: 5889: 5887: 5884: 5882: 5879: 5877: 5874: 5872: 5869: 5867: 5864: 5862: 5859: 5857: 5854: 5852: 5849: 5847: 5844: 5842: 5839: 5837: 5834: 5832: 5829: 5827: 5824: 5822: 5819: 5817: 5814: 5812: 5809: 5807: 5804: 5802: 5799: 5795: 5792: 5791: 5790: 5787: 5785: 5782: 5780: 5777: 5775: 5772: 5770: 5767: 5765: 5762: 5760: 5757: 5755: 5752: 5750: 5747: 5745: 5742: 5740: 5737: 5735: 5732: 5730: 5727: 5725: 5722: 5720: 5717: 5715: 5712: 5708: 5705: 5704: 5703: 5700: 5698: 5695: 5693: 5690: 5688: 5685: 5683: 5680: 5678: 5675: 5673: 5670: 5668: 5665: 5663: 5660: 5658: 5655: 5653: 5650: 5648: 5645: 5643: 5640: 5638: 5635: 5633: 5630: 5628: 5625: 5623: 5620: 5619: 5617: 5613: 5603: 5600: 5598: 5595: 5593: 5590: 5589: 5587: 5583: 5573: 5570: 5568: 5565: 5563: 5560: 5559: 5557: 5553: 5543: 5540: 5537: 5534: 5533: 5531: 5527: 5521: 5518: 5516: 5513: 5512: 5510: 5508: 5504: 5498: 5494: 5491: 5490: 5487: 5483: 5476: 5471: 5469: 5464: 5462: 5457: 5456: 5453: 5441: 5437: 5433: 5431: 5423: 5421: 5413: 5412: 5409: 5403: 5400: 5398: 5395: 5393: 5392: 5388: 5386: 5383: 5381: 5378: 5376: 5373: 5371: 5368: 5366: 5363: 5359: 5356: 5354: 5351: 5350: 5349: 5346: 5344: 5341: 5339: 5336: 5334: 5331: 5329: 5328:Book swapping 5326: 5324: 5321: 5319: 5316: 5312: 5309: 5307: 5304: 5303: 5302: 5299: 5297: 5294: 5293: 5291: 5287: 5281: 5278: 5274: 5271: 5269: 5266: 5264: 5261: 5260: 5258: 5256: 5253: 5249: 5246: 5244: 5241: 5239: 5236: 5234: 5231: 5230: 5228: 5227: 5225: 5221: 5215: 5214:United States 5212: 5210: 5207: 5205: 5202: 5200: 5197: 5195: 5192: 5190: 5187: 5185: 5182: 5180: 5177: 5175: 5172: 5170: 5167: 5166: 5164: 5160: 5154: 5151: 5147: 5144: 5143: 5142: 5139: 5137: 5136:Print culture 5134: 5132: 5129: 5125: 5122: 5120: 5117: 5116: 5114: 5112: 5109: 5107: 5104: 5102: 5099: 5097: 5094: 5092: 5089: 5085: 5082: 5080: 5077: 5075: 5072: 5070: 5067: 5066: 5065: 5062: 5060: 5057: 5055: 5054:Bibliotherapy 5052: 5050: 5047: 5044: 5040: 5037: 5035: 5032: 5028: 5025: 5024: 5023: 5020: 5018: 5015: 5014: 5012: 5008: 5002: 4999: 4997: 4994: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4979: 4975: 4972: 4970: 4967: 4965: 4962: 4961: 4960: 4957: 4953: 4950: 4948: 4945: 4943: 4940: 4938: 4935: 4933: 4930: 4929: 4928: 4925: 4921: 4918: 4917: 4916: 4913: 4911: 4908: 4906: 4903: 4899: 4896: 4895: 4894: 4891: 4889: 4886: 4885: 4883: 4879: 4875: 4868: 4863: 4861: 4856: 4854: 4849: 4848: 4845: 4839: 4836: 4834: 4831: 4829: 4826: 4824: 4821: 4819: 4816: 4813: 4810: 4808: 4805: 4803: 4800: 4797: 4794: 4791: 4788: 4786: 4783: 4780: 4777: 4773: 4772: 4766: 4761: 4757: 4756: 4750: 4745: 4744: 4734: 4729: 4728: 4724: 4723: 4718: 4713: 4712: 4711: 4703: 4698: 4694: 4691: 4687: 4684: 4680: 4676: 4672: 4667: 4663: 4657: 4653: 4648: 4644: 4639: 4637: 4636:0-7100-1818-5 4633: 4629: 4625: 4622: 4619: 4615: 4612: 4608: 4604: 4600: 4596: 4593: 4589: 4587: 4586:0-521-29955-1 4583: 4579: 4575: 4572: 4568: 4562: 4558: 4557: 4551: 4548: 4544: 4543: 4537: 4528: 4526:0-521-08690-6 4522: 4518: 4514: 4510: 4506: 4502: 4498: 4493: 4492: 4488:Major sources 4473: 4472:JP-S56-144478 4467: 4452: 4448: 4442: 4427: 4423: 4416: 4400: 4396: 4392: 4386: 4371: 4370:New Scientist 4367: 4360: 4352: 4348: 4344: 4340: 4339:New Scientist 4336: 4330: 4322: 4318: 4314: 4310: 4306: 4302: 4298: 4294: 4287: 4271: 4267: 4263: 4257: 4249: 4245: 4239: 4223: 4219: 4215: 4209: 4202: 4198: 4195: 4189: 4181: 4177: 4173: 4167: 4163: 4159: 4155: 4148: 4132: 4128: 4124: 4120: 4116: 4112: 4108: 4104: 4100: 4096: 4092: 4088: 4084: 4077: 4061: 4057: 4053: 4049: 4045: 4041: 4037: 4033: 4029: 4025: 4021: 4017: 4010: 4008: 3999: 3993: 3989: 3988: 3980: 3978: 3969: 3963: 3959: 3958: 3950: 3948: 3946: 3944: 3942: 3933: 3927: 3923: 3922: 3914: 3906: 3902: 3898: 3894: 3890: 3886: 3882: 3875: 3873: 3871: 3869: 3859: 3850: 3848: 3840: 3839: 3834: 3830: 3826: 3823: 3817: 3810: 3809: 3802: 3796: 3792: 3788: 3782: 3774: 3773: 3766: 3759: 3753: 3751: 3743: 3737: 3735: 3726: 3720: 3716: 3715: 3707: 3699: 3695: 3691: 3684: 3678:, p. 88. 3677: 3672: 3670: 3663:, p. 87. 3662: 3657: 3651:, p. 83. 3650: 3645: 3639:, p. 80. 3638: 3633: 3625: 3621: 3617: 3613: 3609: 3605: 3602:(2): 218–64. 3601: 3597: 3590: 3575: 3568: 3562: 3546: 3545: 3537: 3529: 3525: 3519: 3511: 3505: 3501: 3497: 3491: 3484: 3480: 3477: 3471: 3456: 3452: 3446: 3438: 3431: 3424: 3418: 3410: 3404: 3400: 3396: 3392: 3386: 3379: 3378:0-06-016590-1 3375: 3371: 3367: 3362: 3352: 3344: 3338: 3334: 3333:Prentice Hall 3330: 3326: 3320: 3313: 3309: 3304: 3297:(in Spanish). 3296: 3295: 3290: 3284: 3268: 3264: 3257: 3249: 3242: 3236:, p. 330 3235: 3230: 3224: 3220: 3216: 3210: 3202: 3198: 3194: 3187: 3179: 3177:0-300-08955-4 3173: 3169: 3164: 3163: 3154: 3145: 3138: 3135: 3131: 3127: 3124: 3118: 3110: 3104: 3100: 3093: 3086: 3082: 3077: 3069: 3065: 3061: 3055: 3039: 3035: 3029: 3023: 3018: 3012: 3007: 3001: 2996: 2990: 2986: 2983: 2978: 2970: 2964: 2960: 2953: 2946: 2941: 2939: 2922: 2918: 2917: 2912: 2910: 2909:Diamond Sutra 2902: 2896: 2895: 2891: 2888: 2881: 2865: 2861: 2855: 2853: 2845: 2840: 2834: 2830: 2829: 2824: 2820: 2814: 2806: 2804:9780191668746 2800: 2796: 2792: 2785: 2783: 2781: 2773: 2768: 2761: 2756: 2754: 2749: 2735: 2729: 2725: 2717: 2715: 2714:thermoplastic 2711: 2707: 2703: 2699: 2695: 2690: 2687: 2683: 2678: 2664: 2660: 2658: 2654: 2650: 2646: 2641: 2638: 2634: 2630: 2627:Professional 2625: 2618: 2614: 2611: 2608: 2604: 2601: 2598: 2594: 2591: 2588: 2585: 2582: 2581:heat transfer 2579: 2576: 2575:line printing 2573: 2570: 2567: 2564: 2561: 2558: 2555: 2554: 2553: 2547: 2544: 2543: 2542: 2539: 2535: 2521: 2513: 2511:High quality 2508: 2505: 2503:1–1000 mPa s 2502: 2499: 2497: 2494: 2491: 2490: 2487: 2484: 2482: 2480: 2478: 2476: 2473: 2471: 2468: 2467: 2463: 2459: 2456: 2453: 2450: 2447: 2445: 2442: 2440: 2437: 2436: 2432: 2428: 2425: 2422: 2419: 2416: 2414: 2411: 2409: 2406: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2394: 2391: 2388: 2385: 2383: 2380: 2378: 2375: 2374: 2371: 2368: 2366: 2364: 2362: 2360: 2357: 2354: 2353: 2350: 2347: 2345:5–10 μm 2344: 2342: 2340: 2338: 2336: 2333: 2331: 2328: 2327: 2324: 2319: 2316: 2313: 2311: 2309: 2306: 2304: 2301: 2300: 2297: 2294: 2291: 2288: 2286: 2283: 2280: 2278: 2275: 2274: 2271: 2268: 2265: 2263:50–500 mPa·s 2262: 2260: 2257: 2254: 2252: 2249: 2248: 2244: 2237: 2234: 2232:50–200 mPa·s 2231: 2229: 2226: 2223: 2221: 2218: 2217: 2214: 2212: 2207:, sheet-fed) 2206: 2202: 2199: 2196: 2193: 2191: 2188: 2185: 2183: 2180: 2179: 2175: 2172: 2169: 2167: 2164: 2162: 2159: 2156: 2153: 2150: 2147: 2146: 2135: 2126: 2124: 2113: 2104: 2096: 2094: 2090: 2086: 2077: 2073: 2070: 2066: 2063: 2062: 2061: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2049: 2045: 2038: 2034: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2012:Social impact 2009: 2007: 2003: 1997: 1995: 1991: 1986: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1932: 1927: 1923: 1920: 1916: 1907: 1903: 1894: 1885: 1875: 1872: 1869: 1866: 1863: 1860: 1858: 1854: 1851: 1848: 1845: 1842: 1839: 1836: 1833: 1831: 1828: 1827: 1826: 1818: 1816: 1815:photopolymers 1812: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1793: 1788: 1782: 1772: 1769: 1760: 1741: 1731: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1716: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1699: 1691: 1686: 1677: 1675: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1627: 1624: 1621: 1618: 1614: 1611: 1607: 1606:Planographics 1604: 1603: 1602: 1599: 1597: 1589: 1586: 1585: 1584: 1571: 1568: 1565: 1562: 1559: 1556: 1553: 1552: 1547:Koenig press 1542:Koenig press 1537:Koenig press 1531: 1518: 1502: 1493: 1492: 1489: 1487: 1477: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1458: 1456: 1452: 1446: 1436: 1434: 1420: 1416: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1389: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1368:Around 1450, 1364: 1361:, collection 1360: 1355: 1350: 1336: 1332: 1330: 1326: 1325: 1319: 1317: 1313: 1308: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1292: 1290: 1289:letterpunches 1286: 1280: 1270: 1264: 1263: 1258: 1251: 1246: 1237: 1234: 1229: 1228: 1222: 1218: 1213: 1211: 1207: 1206:playing cards 1203: 1194: 1190: 1185: 1176: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1153: 1142: 1140: 1139:playing cards 1136: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1115: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1104:Diamond Sutra 1100: 1098: 1097:Bulguk Temple 1094: 1090: 1086: 1081: 1076: 1066: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1022: 1014: 1010: 1006: 1002: 998: 994: 993:Diamond Sutra 989: 980: 978: 974: 969: 958: 948: 946: 942: 938: 934: 930: 926: 922: 918: 914: 910: 906: 902: 898: 887: 882: 880: 875: 873: 868: 867: 865: 864: 857: 854: 852: 849: 847: 844: 842: 839: 838: 832: 831: 824: 823:Word-of-mouth 821: 819: 816: 814: 811: 809: 806: 804: 801: 799: 796: 794: 793:Point of sale 791: 789: 786: 784: 781: 779: 776: 774: 771: 769: 766: 764: 761: 759: 756: 754: 751: 749: 746: 744: 741: 740: 734: 733: 726: 723: 721: 718: 716: 713: 711: 708: 706: 703: 701: 698: 696: 693: 691: 688: 686: 683: 681: 678: 676: 673: 671: 668: 666: 663: 661: 658: 656: 653: 651: 648: 646: 643: 641: 638: 636: 633: 632: 626: 625: 618: 615: 613: 610: 608: 605: 603: 600: 598: 595: 593: 590: 588: 585: 583: 580: 578: 575: 573: 570: 568: 565: 563: 560: 558: 555: 553: 552:Effectiveness 550: 548: 545: 543: 540: 538: 535: 533: 530: 528: 525: 523: 520: 518: 515: 513: 510: 508: 505: 503: 500: 498: 495: 493: 490: 489: 483: 482: 477: 474: 473: 472: 471: 468: 465: 464: 454: 449: 447: 442: 440: 435: 434: 432: 431: 421: 419: 415: 411: 409: 405: 401: 399: 395: 391: 389: 385: 376: 374: 370: 366: 364: 360: 356: 354: 350: 346: 344: 340: 336: 334: 330: 326: 324: 320: 316: 314: 310: 306: 304: 300: 296: 294: 290: 286: 284: 280: 276: 274: 270: 266: 264: 260: 256: 254: 250: 246: 244: 240: 236: 234: 230: 226: 224: 220: 216: 214: 210: 206: 204: 200: 196: 194: 190: 186: 184: 180: 176: 174: 170: 166: 164: 160: 151: 149: 145: 136: 134: 130: 126: 124: 120: 116: 114: 110: 106: 104: 100: 92: 91: 87: 83: 82: 79: 76: 75: 71: 70: 64: 60: 56: 52: 48: 44: 40: 36: 32: 28: 27:cylinder seal 23: 19: 8894: 8845:Broadcasting 8703:Segmentation 8628:Distribution 8621:Key concepts 8399: 8348:construction 8187:Environment, 7936: 7802:Blow molding 7731:Stretch wrap 7661:Polyethylene 7651:Plastic wrap 7641:Plastic film 7626:Paper pallet 7561:Living hinge 7466:Coated paper 7346:Spray bottle 7326:Security bag 7319:Water sachet 7309:Salvage drum 7304:Retort pouch 7209:Glass bottle 7104:Blister pack 7069:Aluminum can 7036:Water bottle 6936:Gas cylinder 6911:Field ration 6808:Shelf-stable 6641: 6449: 6396:Copy editing 6214:Papier-mâché 6209:Paper towels 6128:Soda pulping 6045:Wet strength 5846:Photographic 5719:Cotton (rag) 5692:Construction 5389: 5385:Preservation 5301:Book burning 5296:Banned books 5049:Bibliophilia 5034:Bibliography 4964:advance copy 4947:instant book 4926: 4915:Illustration 4898:dust jackets 4769: 4753: 4732: 4716: 4709: 4701: 4696: 4689: 4682: 4678: 4670: 4651: 4642: 4627: 4617: 4610: 4602: 4591: 4577: 4555: 4546: 4535: 4516: 4512: 4500: 4496: 4466: 4454:. Retrieved 4450: 4441: 4429:, retrieved 4425: 4415: 4403:. Retrieved 4399:the original 4394: 4385: 4373:. Retrieved 4369: 4359: 4351:the original 4338: 4329: 4296: 4292: 4286: 4276:December 20, 4274:. Retrieved 4270:the original 4265: 4256: 4247: 4238: 4226:. Retrieved 4217: 4208: 4188: 4153: 4147: 4135:. Retrieved 4094: 4090: 4076: 4064:. Retrieved 4023: 4019: 3986: 3956: 3920: 3913: 3888: 3884: 3858: 3836: 3816: 3806: 3801: 3786: 3781: 3771: 3765: 3758:Burke, Peter 3741: 3713: 3706: 3698:the original 3683: 3656: 3644: 3632: 3599: 3595: 3589: 3577:. Retrieved 3573: 3561: 3549:. Retrieved 3543: 3536: 3527: 3518: 3499: 3490: 3470: 3458:. Retrieved 3454: 3445: 3436: 3430: 3417: 3394: 3385: 3369: 3361: 3351: 3328: 3319: 3311: 3303: 3293: 3283: 3271:. Retrieved 3256: 3247: 3241: 3229: 3214: 3209: 3192: 3186: 3170:–10, 42–45. 3161: 3153: 3144: 3136: 3133: 3117: 3098: 3092: 3084: 3076: 3067: 3054: 3042:. Retrieved 3038:the original 3028: 3017: 3006: 2995: 2977: 2958: 2952: 2925:. Retrieved 2914: 2908: 2901: 2885: 2884:Rees, Fran. 2880: 2868:. Retrieved 2864:the original 2842: 2827: 2813: 2790: 2767: 2762:, p. 8. 2734:the practice 2728: 2701: 2697: 2691: 2680: 2659:was common. 2642: 2626: 2622: 2605:– a type of 2551: 2540: 2537: 2462:A3 trim size 2431:A3 trim size 2400:A3 trim size 2322:low quality 2295:slow drying 2289:50–150 Pa·s 2211:A3 trim size 2208: 2205:A3 trim size 2194:40–100 Pa·s 2132: 2119: 2110: 2102: 2082: 2052: 2046: 2043: 2022: 2015: 1998: 1987: 1936: 1913: 1905: 1884: 1853:Relief print 1847:Pad printing 1824: 1809: 1800: 1796: 1784: 1764: 1740:Offset press 1717: 1708:movable type 1701: 1670: 1600: 1593: 1582: 1485: 1483: 1474:flexographic 1459: 1448: 1431: 1411:, and later 1391:Compared to 1390: 1367: 1322: 1320: 1309: 1293: 1282: 1279:Movable type 1260: 1227:Ars moriendi 1221:movable type 1216: 1214: 1198: 1161:Arabic Egypt 1150: 1148: 1116: 1101: 1037:printed the 1031:Tang dynasty 1024: 997:Tang dynasty 983:In East Asia 971: 935:invented by 927:invented by 925:movable type 917:ink rubbings 896: 895: 567:Segmentation 492:Distribution 486:Key concepts 213:Rotary press 113:Movable type 35:movable type 18: 8910:Publication 8744:Advertising 8663:Co-creation 8542:Advertising 8446:Advertising 8425:Smart label 8385:Perforation 8083:Heat sealer 8048:Case sealer 7922:Papermaking 7842:Die cutting 7807:Calendering 7711:Shrink wrap 7586:Molded pulp 7571:Meat diaper 7536:Kraft paper 7516:Foam peanut 7506:Double seam 7476:Coextrusion 7446:Bubble wrap 7426:Bail handle 7371:Thermal bag 7294:Plastic bag 7109:Boil-in-bag 7041:Wine bottle 7026:Spray paint 6981:Popcorn bag 6976:Oyster pail 6861:Beer bottle 6575:QuarkXPress 6422:Typesetting 6391:Book editor 6327:preparation 6244:Paper money 6204:Lined paper 6123:Papermaking 6056:and process 6054:Manufacture 6030:Paper sizes 5759:Greaseproof 5744:Genkō yōshi 5597:Dard Hunter 5529:Originators 5497:Papermaking 5318:Book curses 5194:Netherlands 5064:Bookselling 5039:Bibliomania 5022:Bestsellers 5010:Consumption 5001:Book series 4986:Typesetting 4503:(1): 79–89. 4228:October 26, 3273:October 18, 2927:December 8, 2702:3D printing 2682:3D printing 2677:3D printing 2671:3D printing 2563:daisy wheel 2443:continuous 2420:5–20 mPa s 2251:Flexography 2220:Rotogravure 2213:, web-fed) 2093:booksellers 2058:Peter Burke 2031:Middle Ages 2027:Renaissance 1811:Flexography 1806:Flexography 1781:Rotogravure 1680:Letterpress 1613:lithography 1525: 1800 1512: 1600 1470:rotogravure 1427: 1920 1409:Renaissance 1312:paper money 1217:block-books 1077:: 1067:: 1057:: 941:Renaissance 660:Franchising 635:Advertising 602:Attribution 527:Co-creation 408:3D printing 381: 1972 193:Lithography 156: 1515 141: 1440 8940:Categories 8920:Web banner 8799:Propaganda 8688:Management 8648:Activation 8526:Wine label 8163:Staple gun 8143:Palletizer 8033:Can seamer 7902:Lamination 7827:Converting 7716:Slip sheet 7631:Paperboard 7496:Cushioning 7456:Cellophane 7431:Bioplastic 7409:components 7396:Wooden box 7366:Tetra Brik 7289:Paper sack 7264:Multi-pack 7214:Gunny sack 7084:Bag-in-box 7051:Containers 6916:Flour sack 6901:Egg carton 6876:Coffee bag 6856:Banana box 6798:Shelf life 6665:Comparison 6647:Web design 6333:Submission 6181:Paper mill 6108:Organosolv 5987:Fiber crop 5977:China clay 5936:Waterproof 5836:Paperboard 5714:Correction 5707:Carbonless 5555:Developers 5263:audiobooks 5162:By country 5115:Furniture 5106:Digitizing 5101:Collecting 5091:Censorship 5074:book towns 4959:Publishing 4942:incunabula 4881:Production 4431:August 11, 4405:August 11, 4375:August 23, 3676:Bolza 1967 3661:Bolza 1967 3649:Bolza 1967 3637:Bolza 1967 3234:Tsien 1985 2945:Tsien 1985 2772:Tsien 1985 2760:Tsien 1985 2744:References 2657:mimeograph 2653:hectograph 2607:xerography 2569:dot-matrix 2451:1–5 mPa·s 2389:1–5 mPa·s 2348:thick ink 2129:Curriculum 2054:Asa Briggs 1857:catalogues 1794:ablation. 1667:Crop marks 1646:Porous or 1641:collagraph 1476:printing. 1397:typography 1374:hand mould 1287:struck by 1035:Nara Japan 818:Web banner 705:Propaganda 512:Activation 476:Management 313:Xerography 253:Mimeograph 223:Hectograph 95:Techniques 65:in action. 63:3D printer 43:lithograph 8951:Documents 8875:New media 8804:Publicity 8693:Promotion 8673:Dominance 8614:Marketing 8567:Packaging 8491:Nameplate 8256:Recycling 8063:Drum pump 8006:Machinery 7857:Extrusion 7775:Processes 7746:Tear tape 7736:Susceptor 7726:Strapping 7681:Screw cap 7656:Polyester 7501:Desiccant 7405:Materials 7386:Unit load 7341:Skin pack 7284:Paper bag 7154:Clamshell 6896:Drink can 6828:Wrap rage 6712:Packaging 6546:CorelDRAW 6234:Notebooks 6219:Cardboard 6002:Wood pulp 5970:Materials 5946:Wood-free 5921:Wallpaper 5916:Tree-free 5856:Red rosin 5841:Parchment 5826:Onionskin 5821:Newsprint 5682:Cartridge 5677:Cardstock 5672:Cardboard 5622:Acid-free 5333:Book tour 5306:incidents 5238:miniature 5233:fictional 5119:bookcases 5059:Bookmarks 4974:paperback 4969:hardcover 4347:0262-4079 4335:"Ariadne" 4321:211386031 4313:0144-3577 4137:April 13, 4111:1460-4744 4066:April 21, 4056:203945576 4040:2050-7496 3905:145093891 3891:(4): 17. 3694:Microsoft 3624:144726990 3327:(1998) . 3044:March 10, 2916:idp.bl.uk 2613:solid ink 2557:blueprint 2448:5–100 pl 2161:Drop size 1967:Murad III 1660:risograph 1617:collotype 1433:Time Life 1359:Stradanus 1318:dynasty. 1304:Wang Zhen 1300:porcelain 1179:In Europe 1123:logograms 1070:無垢淨光大陀羅尼經 1060:무구정광대다라니경 778:New media 710:Publicity 562:Promotion 547:Dominance 467:Marketing 163:Mezzotint 8946:Printing 8895:Printing 8784:Premiums 8749:Branding 8708:Strategy 8698:Research 8466:Ecolabel 8400:Printing 8365:Hologram 8355:Adhesive 8338:Labeling 8189:post-use 8078:Heat gun 8028:Calender 7937:Printing 7766:Velostat 7761:Tinplate 7596:Overwrap 7521:Gel pack 7511:Flip-top 7416:Adhesive 7351:Squround 7254:Mesh bag 7239:Jerrycan 7184:Envelope 7124:Bulk box 7001:Sand bag 6966:Milk bag 6951:Juicebox 6866:Box wine 6839:packages 6660:Category 6642:Printing 6620:See also 6465:Trimming 6450:Printing 6417:Indexing 6405:Prepress 6267:Category 6224:Clothing 6142:Industry 6078:Deinking 6068:Calender 6025:Grammage 5911:Transfer 5876:Security 5749:Glassine 5652:Blotting 5627:Air-laid 5585:Scholars 5430:Category 5343:Dog ears 5259:Formats 5255:Grimoire 5248:textbook 5199:Pakistan 5146:literacy 5124:bookends 5043:tsundoku 4927:Printing 4692:. 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