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underclothing of unbleached muslin and woolen stockings--garments that are hot in the summer and cold in winter, and given to prisoners regardless of season." Two years after their incarceration at
Occoquan and at a city jail in Washington, D.C., the women on the Prison Special hoped to use these same uniforms as evidence of the hardship of their struggle. While the adoption of the prison uniform helped to dramatize the struggle for women's suffrage, scholars also point to the ways in which the status of the "Prison Specialists" as elite white women was foregrounded. Newspaper accounts often remarked on their "refinement" and "education" and noted that they were "women of wealth who have chosen to humiliate themselves that attention may be drawn to the cause for which they are fighting." Journalist Carolyn Vance Bell wrote that the women on the Prison Special "were primed to unfold a harrowing tale... the secrets of the prison house which...are guaranteed to freeze the feminine blood..." Such representations suggested that the injuries to these women—as opposed to working-class women or to African-American women—were injuries that mattered.
322:"preached the doctrine of suffrage" while other suffragists distributed literature to the gathered crowd. They carried flags with the suffrage colors of gold, purple, and white and stood on a step so that they could speak through the train platform's grill, which mimicked the bars of a prison. In an interview with the newspaper, Abby Scott Baker provided some insight into the women's experience as public speakers: "It is not easy to begin speaking on the street", she said. "Even though you are in the midst of a crowd, you have to begin talking to the air. But when you start out 'Ladies and gentlemen, the cause of liberty is sacred,' some of them will stop to see what is going on and, if you keep on, you will get them interested".
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496:. By 1919, the more radical NWP declared that this tour "would endeavor to acquaint the country with the lawless and brutal lengths to which the Administration has gone to suppress the lawful agitation for suffrage." To pursue that goal, the women would detail the time they spent in prison for what they insisted was peaceable assembly. Initially, the women wanted to paint the train car they would travel in with prison bars, but the Railway Administration would "not allow the painting of the cars to look like prison cells, nor any other insignia denoting the character and purpose of the car."
542:
Other suffragists wanted to separate themselves from the more radical tactics of the NWP, whose members had burned an effigy of
President Wilson the previous year. In Columbia, South Carolina, the mayor warned the women that "disloyal utterances would not be tolerated." The Equal Franchise League in El Paso, Texas, declared that it was "not in sympathy with the militant suffraget class." Often, however, the crowds were in sympathy with the tactics of the Prison Specialists, booing and hissing their treatment and crying "Shame! Shame on our government!"
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112:, prompting another wave of arrests. Ultimately, 168 women would serve prison time. In February 1919, the woman's suffrage amendment was defeated by just one vote in the Senate. To secure public support and pressure legislators into passing the amendment before the end of the congressional session in March, the NWP launched a campaign they dubbed "From Prison to People," a three-week train tour across the United States.
512:, the official cartoonist for the NWP, shows a suffragist holding a copy of the "Senate Record" and carrying luggage labeled "N.W.P. Democracy Limited" about to board the Prison Special. During the tour, the women held mass meetings, often greeted by delegations of women—NWP members, club women, and others—at local hotels. The women on the Prison Special also used "motion pictures", likely a
305:
federal amendment, and through the
Northern states and the Northeast, ending in New York City. In addition to its published itinerary, the Prison Special also made several unscheduled stops which the women took full advantage of. In El Paso, Texas, a "flat wheel" on the Prison Special car forced an overnight stay. The
504:
newspaper reports commented on her dignity and poise. Abby Scott Baker would often speak next; other speakers included Lucy Burns, Mary Winsor, who had spent 66 days in jail, and Lucy
Branham. Often, while one woman was speaking, others, dressed in their prison clothes, would stand silently behind her.
541:
The Prison
Special was a draw for crowds: Abby Scott Baker reported that the police estimated that 2,000 people attended the stop in Charleston, South Carolina. But their reception was not always enthusiastic. Some newspapers reported the meetings encouraged "decidedly unnatural feminine sentiments."
525:, Louisine Havemeyer recalls being asked to take a publicity photo with a police captain because "it will make such a good cut for the newspapers." She was careful to make sure the captain was shaking her hand when the picture was taken so that no one would think she was being arrested on tour.
304:
The route moved systematically through the
Southern states, where the NWP hoped to sway the sentiment of the Democratic Party, which had resisted the cause of women's suffrage, on to the Western states, where the NWP expected to rally women already enfranchised by their states to the cause of a
499:
Instead, the women opted to highlight their prison experiences by appearing in public dressed in their prison uniforms (or replicas of those uniforms), which they once referred to as the "cloth of guilt" and which had been described as "the clumsiest sort of clothing--heavy, shapeless dresses;
503:
While programs varied from stop to stop, certain speakers were consistently featured. Louisine
Havemeyer regularly spoke first, and was introduced as a grandmother of 11 children and one of the richest women in New York. She often spoke about the cause of women's suffrage being a just one and
128:
Designed to educate the public about the "brutal and lawless measures of the
Administration to suppress suffrage," the "Prison Special" train tour stopped at 16 cities across the United States to highlight the arrest, incarceration, and ill-treatment of women who had participated in protests
86:
in
Washington, D.C., demanding the vote for women. Over the course of the summer and fall, many of the women were arrested, often on charges of obstructing traffic, and fined. When they refused to pay those fines, they were jailed. At first, penalties were relatively light, but as the
107:
Public pressure forced officials to release the women held at
Occoquan, but arrests continued throughout 1918 as the NWP intensified its lobbying efforts on behalf of women's suffrage. At the beginning of 1919, members of the NWP lit watch fires at both the White House and in nearby
554:
in June 1919. State-by-state ratification of the 19th Amendment would end in the successful adoption of the amendment a year later, in August 1920. The NWP, along with several members of the Prison Special tour, would continue the fight for women's rights by supporting the
507:
In addition to distributing the pamphlet "Jailed for Freedom", the women also handed out a list of grievances against the Wilson Administration, noting that President Wilson "speaks for" women's suffrage, but "does nothing to promote it." A political cartoon drawn by
1178:
by Sean McGovern and Samantha Morales. Included in Biographical Database of Militant Woman Suffragists, 1913-1920. Database assembled and introduction by Jill Zahniser. Biographical sketches have been crowdsourced. (Alexandria, VA: Alexander Street Press,
95:
in Virginia. In their belief that they were political prisoners, they refused to eat prison food, to perform work, or to wear the rough-cut prison uniforms provided to prisoners. By the fall, three of the women who had been participating in a
1164:. Included in Biographical Database of Militant Woman Suffragists, 1913-1920. Database assembled and introduction by Jill Zahniser. Biographical sketches have been crowdsourced. (Alexandria, VA: Alexander Street Press, 2015)
178:, as "calico wrappers designed exactly after the pattern of those which they were forced to wear in the work-house, thereby making the accounts of their experiences in the jail more vivid."
1863:
2302:
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persisted in their vigil, sentences became more harsh. In July and August of that year, women were sentenced to unusually harsh sentences of sixty days and many were imprisoned at
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2092:
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452:
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1923:
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1982:
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work published in 1920 under the same title). Perhaps most significantly, they dressed in replicas of their prison uniforms—described in the NWP publication,
1978:
407:
2297:
160:
To make their argument, they gave speeches from rented halls, train platforms, and automobiles, they sang jail songs from their time in prison, including "
1860:
1621:
422:
315:
124:
Two National Woman's Party members standing with luggage and supplies for the "Prison Special" tour, in front of the NWP headquarters in Washington, D.C.
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2314:
1972:
3231:
392:
387:
1957:
1393:
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377:
168:, they reenacted their arrests through dramatic readings, and they distributed pamphlets, including "Jailed for Freedom" (not to be confused with
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2683:
1397:
775:
3241:
2191:
1952:
3246:
205:
The Prison Special left Union Station in Washington, D.C., on February 15, 1919, the anniversary of the birthday of women's rights activist
2677:
467:
2196:
129:
supporting women's suffrage. The NWP members aboard the chartered train (nicknamed "The Democracy Limited") included veteran organizers
2900:
2488:
2344:
2336:
1893:
1888:
3181:
2862:
2248:
1937:
1643:
35:
1310:
https://www.loc.gov/collections/women-of-protest/articles-and-essays/historial-timeline-of-the-national-womans-party/1915-to-1916/
181:
The tour was expensive and the cost—about $ 20,000—was funded by state branches of the NWP and individual donations from members.
2756:
2165:
489:
2236:
62:, and were typically dressed in their prison uniforms. The tour, which concluded in March 1919, helped create support for the
2809:
2493:
2201:
1918:
2726:
2287:
1967:
1845:
2426:
2370:
2319:
1942:
1883:
1825:
189:, a businessman, philanthropist, and supporter of women's suffrage, paid for the literature distributed during the tour.
1452:"Call Prison Special Democracy Limited: Militant Suffragists Will Attack President Wilson on Three Week Tour of Country"
1050:
The Library of Congress, American Memory. Women of Protest: Photographs from the Records of the National Woman’s Party.
927:
The Library of Congress, American Memory. Women of Protest: Photographs from the Records of the National Woman’s Party.
845:"Call Prison Special Democracy Limited: Militant Suffragists Will Attack President Wilson on Three Week Tour of Country"
691:
The Library of Congress, American Memory. Women of Protest: Photographs from the Records of the National Woman’s Party.
2309:
1962:
1932:
1878:
1855:
1674:
876:
333:
The participants of the Prison Special tour, all women who had served time in jail for supporting suffrage, included:
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2421:
1122:
109:
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2150:
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1868:
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1947:
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Policeman in Syracuse welcoming Mrs. Henry O. Havemeyer and Miss Vida Milholland on arrival of Prison Special
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877:"Ella Riegel Dead; Suffrage Leader; Managed Movement's Famous 'Prison Special' on National Tour for Votes"
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Some of the women aboard the Prison Special had some experience with train tours, having worked with the
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Just three months after the conclusion of the Prison Special tour, Congress voted for passage of the
79:
47:
46:
in support of passage of the federal women's suffrage amendment. In February 1919, 26 members of the
1586:
Palczewski, Catherine H. (2016). "The 1919 Prison Special: Constituting White Women's Citizenship".
1416:
Palczewski, Catherine H. (2016). "The 1919 Prison Special: Constituting White Women's Citizenship".
1333:
Palczewski, Catherine H. (2016). "The 1919 Prison Special: Constituting White Women's Citizenship".
1275:
Palczewski, Catherine H. (2016). "The 1919 Prison Special: Constituting White Women's Citizenship".
54:
They visited cities across the country where they spoke to large crowds about their experiences as
2719:
2145:
2099:
1371:
Cassondra St. Cyr, Anne Peterson, Taylor Franks, National Woman's Party Project, Chapter 4 (2015).
633:
Feo Kelly, Katherine (2011). "Performing Prison: Dress, Modernity, and the Radical Suffrage Body".
3113:
3058:
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2603:
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447:
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556:
521:
225:
186:
3018:
2968:
2160:
1783:
1114:
1107:
753:
Mapping American Social Movements Through the 20th Century, University of Washington (2016).
382:
291:
219:
3128:
1235:
19:
2983:
2841:
2595:
2564:
2503:
2357:
1727:
1191:
789:
Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers, Library of Congress (February 4, 1919).
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1256:"Amelia "Mimi" Walker (July 24, 1880 – July 19, 1974) | Turning Point Suffragist Memorial"
978:"Amelia "Mimi" Walker (July 24, 1880 – July 19, 1974) | Turning Point Suffragist Memorial"
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Participants in the Prison Special tour were capable publicists. In an article for
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39:
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185:, a wealthy New York socialite and suffragist, also donated $ 1500 to the cause.
146:
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3165:
2762:
2577:
2258:
2221:
2211:
1722:
1717:
1370:
174:
594:
Women of Protest: Photographs from the Records of the National Woman's Party.
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show, as another visual way to represent their experiences of incarceration.
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169:
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101:
97:
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1081:
3118:
3088:
2948:
2933:
2627:
2619:
1507:
Havenmeyer, Louisine (1922). "The Prison Special: Memories of a Militant".
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154:
63:
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150:
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596:"Tactics and Techniques of the National Woman's Party Suffrage Campaign"
3048:
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2735:
1737:
372:
138:
2436:
267:
2878:
1683:
1236:"Vida Milholland (1889 – 1952) | Turning Point Suffragist Memorial"
209:. The published itinerary included stops in the following cities:
903:""The Democracy Limited" To Tour the United States on February 9"
273:
261:
50:
boarded a chartered train they dubbed the "Democracy Limited" in
285:
255:
1192:"Suffragists in Louisiana | Turning Point Suffragist Memorial"
724:"Representing Injustice: Justice as an Icon of Woman Suffrage"
3203:
2834:
2704:
2652:
1162:
Biographical Sketch of Estella Eylward by Blake Bellefontaine
1373:"Mapping American Social Movements Through the 20th Century"
42:
and other demonstrations, had been jailed for picketing the
1652:
1052:"Detailed Chronology of the National Woman's Party History"
929:"Detailed Chronology of the National Woman's Party History"
693:"Detailed Chronology of the National Woman's Party History"
165:
755:"National Woman's Party: a year-by-year history 1913-1922"
2689:
Art in the women's suffrage movement in the United States
1533:
2858:
Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
26:, in prison dress, speaking on the Prison Special tour
3267:
Women's suffrage advocacy groups in the United States
1484:"Center for the Historical Study of Women and Gender"
957:
2409:
Centenary of Women's Suffrage Commemorative Fountain
1562:"Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers"
1536:"Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers"
1049:
1026:"Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers"
1023:
960:"Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers"
926:
690:
1622:"Historical Overview of the National Womans Party"
1106:
3218:
2694:Music and women's suffrage in the United States
2315:Women's suffrage organizations and publications
1534:The Watchman and Southron (February 19, 1919).
2202:National Women's Rights Convention (1850–1869)
1559:
1212:"Hilles, Elizabeth McShane, 1891-1976. @ SNAC"
1139:"Miss Lucy Ewing, Chicago, Ill[inois]"
998:"Hilles, Elizabeth McShane, 1891-1976. @ SNAC"
791:"Prison Special with Suffragets Aboard Coming"
3237:History of voting rights in the United States
2894:
2720:
1668:
1392:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
958:Evening Public Ledger (February 17, 1919).
774:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
66:effort that ended with the adoption of the
2901:
2887:
2727:
2713:
2345:Emmeline and Christabel Pankhurst Memorial
1675:
1661:
1585:
1506:
1415:
1396:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1332:
1274:
82:(NWP) began to stage protests outside the
2678:Women's Suffrage Centennial silver dollar
1024:Library of Congress (February 26, 1919).
816:"White House Pickets to Meet Wilson Here"
632:
2249:1920 United States presidential election
728:Yale Journal of Law & the Humanities
532:
324:
119:
18:
16:1919 train tour organized by suffragists
2489:Women's Rights National Historical Park
1478:
1476:
1366:
1364:
907:The Bridgeport Times and Evening Farmer
900:
721:
670:
3262:Feminist protests in the United States
3219:
2757:Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage
2166:Suffragette bombing and arson campaign
1411:
1409:
1407:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1019:
1017:
901:Porritt, Annie G. (February 1, 1919).
871:
869:
490:Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage
78:In the summer of 1917, members of the
3242:History of women in the United States
3232:Women's suffrage in the United States
3182:Women's suffrage in the United States
2882:
2863:Women's suffrage in the United States
2708:
2207:Trial of Susan B. Anthony (1872–1873)
2022:International Woman Suffrage Alliance
1656:
1176:Biographical Sketch of Gladys Greiner
666:
664:
628:
626:
624:
622:
620:
618:
589:
587:
585:
583:
3247:Progressive Era in the United States
2908:
2560:"The March of the Women" (1910 song)
2288:List of suffragists and suffragettes
2151:Women's Coronation Procession (1911)
1560:El Paso Herald (February 17, 1919).
1473:
1361:
1104:
686:
684:
1579:
1444:
1404:
1315:
1248:
1204:
1043:
1014:
920:
866:
559:, a struggle that continues today.
13:
2810:Women's Social and Political Union
2530:National Voting Rights Museum (US)
2494:Women's Suffrage National Monument
2310:Historiography of the Suffragettes
2264:Selma to Montgomery marches (1965)
1268:
1113:. Yale University Press. pp.
990:
970:
661:
615:
580:
252:, California (February 28-March 1)
14:
3278:
3144:Turning Point Suffragist Memorial
2422:Turning Point Suffragist Memorial
1637:
837:
681:
216:, South Carolina (February 16–17)
3127:
2573:"Sister Suffragette" (1964 song)
2371:Women's Rights Pioneers Monument
2217:Woman Suffrage Procession (1913)
2187:Declaration of Sentiments (1848)
1109:The Grounding of Modern Feminism
647:10.2752/175174111X13028583328801
329:Abby Scott Baker in prison dress
34:" was a train tour organized by
2386:Kate Sheppard National Memorial
2146:Battle of Downing Street (1910)
1789:1902 Commonwealth Franchise Act
1614:
1553:
1527:
1500:
1303:
1228:
1184:
1169:
1155:
1131:
1098:
1074:
951:
894:
722:Collins, Kristin (2013-05-08).
2752:1913 Woman Suffrage Procession
2734:
2197:Ohio Women's Convention (1850)
2182:Seneca Falls Convention (1848)
808:
782:
746:
715:
1:
3094:Evelyn Wotherspoon Wainwright
1600:10.1080/00335630.2016.1154185
1430:10.1080/00335630.2016.1154185
1347:10.1080/00335630.2016.1154185
1289:10.1080/00335630.2016.1154185
574:
246:, California (February 26–27)
145:(the NWP's "oldest picket"),
73:
3029:Sophie Gooding Rose Meredith
2303:in majority-Muslim countries
2293:Timeline of women's suffrage
2232:Silent Sentinels (1917–1919)
2161:Open Christmas Letter (1914)
2110:2019–2020 Hong Kong protests
1682:
545:
528:
288:, Massachusetts (March 9–10)
234:, Louisiana (February 22–23)
228:, Tennessee (February 20–21)
200:
7:
2673:New Zealand ten-dollar note
2340:(Emmeline Pankhurst statue)
2254:"Give Us the Ballot" (1957)
2192:Rochester Convention (1848)
1977:Constitutional amendments:
1763:Women's liberation movement
1588:Quarterly Journal of Speech
1418:Quarterly Journal of Speech
1335:Quarterly Journal of Speech
1277:Quarterly Journal of Speech
562:
193:managed tour logistics and
115:
10:
3283:
2212:Suffrage Hikes (1912–1914)
483:
222:, Florida (February 18–19)
3152:
3136:
3125:
2916:
2850:
2818:
2802:
2742:
2680:(2020 U.S. commemorative)
2543:
2517:
2499:International Women's Day
2276:
2174:
2118:
2017:
2010:
1771:
1690:
311:reports that Lucy Burns,
2583:Women's suffrage in film
2554:The Women's Marseillaise
2442:Suffragette Handkerchief
2320:Women's rights activists
2100:Hong Kong 1 July marches
881:timesmachine.nytimes.com
492:in 1916 to organize the
294:, Connecticut (March 10)
162:The Women's Marseillaise
3114:Margaret Fay Whittemore
3059:Elizabeth Selden Rogers
2994:Alison Turnbull Hopkins
2684:2020 US ten-dollar bill
2668:Susan B. Anthony dollar
2605:Not for Ourselves Alone
2227:Suffrage Special (1916)
2156:Great Pilgrimage (1913)
2105:2014 Hong Kong protests
1703:Right to run for office
1105:Cott, Nancy F. (1987).
671:Stevens, Doris (1920).
448:Elizabeth Selden Rogers
38:who, as members of the
3160:National Woman's Party
2989:Florence Bayard Hilles
2776:National Woman's Party
2351:Elizabeth Cady Stanton
2000:1965 Voting Rights Act
557:Equal Rights Amendment
538:
330:
282:, New York (March 8–9)
264:, Illinois (March 5–7)
258:, Colorado (March 3–4)
125:
80:National Woman's Party
48:National Woman's Party
27:
3019:Anne Henrietta Martin
2969:Sarah Tarleton Colvin
2332:Belmont–Paul Monument
2259:Freedom Summer (1964)
2136:Women's Sunday (1908)
677:. Boni and Liveright.
536:
328:
300:, New York (March 10)
270:, Wisconsin (March 6)
240:, Texas (February 24)
197:served as publicist.
123:
22:
2984:Matilda Hall Gardner
2842:Lucy Burns Institute
2597:Shoulder to Shoulder
2566:The Mother of Us All
2509:Women's Equality Day
2504:Susan B. Anthony Day
2358:Suffragette Memorial
1963:District of Columbia
1733:Non-resident citizen
1521:2027/uc1.a0002502425
1488:chswg.binghamton.edu
418:Willie Grace Johnson
276:, Michigan (March 7)
70:on August 26, 1920.
68:Nineteenth Amendment
3099:Amelia Himes Walker
3079:Mary Church Terrell
3054:Alice Gram Robinson
2954:Lucy Gwynne Branham
2464:Hunger Strike Medal
2141:Black Friday (1910)
1627:Library of Congress
1566:Library of Congress
1540:Library of Congress
1216:snaccooperative.org
1143:Library of Congress
1086:Library of Congress
1060:Library of Congress
1002:snaccooperative.org
964:Library of Congress
937:Library of Congress
825:. February 12, 1919
701:Library of Congress
601:Library of Congress
522:Scribner's Magazine
463:Amelia Himes Walker
408:Mrs. Raymond Hunter
368:Lucy Gwynne Branham
313:Amelia Himes Walker
187:William B. Thompson
135:Lucy Gwynne Branham
56:political prisoners
3227:Political activism
3188:Jailed for Freedom
3172:Occoquan Workhouse
2607:(1999 documentary)
2474:Suffrage jewellery
1698:Universal suffrage
1461:. January 27, 1919
1459:The New York Times
883:. January 27, 1937
854:. January 27, 1919
852:The New York Times
823:The New York Times
674:Jailed for Freedom
539:
403:Louisine Havemeyer
331:
183:Louisine Havemeyer
164:", and played the
126:
100:were subjected to
93:Occoquan Workhouse
60:Occoquan Workhouse
28:
3214:
3213:
3196:Iron Jawed Angels
3109:Sue Shelton White
2944:Mary Ritter Beard
2876:
2875:
2827:Iron Jawed Angels
2702:
2701:
2613:Iron Jawed Angels
2535:Umbrella Movement
2479:Suffragette penny
2393:Millicent Fawcett
2364:Portrait Monument
2272:
2271:
2126:WSPU march (1906)
1943:African Americans
1861:Spain (Civil War,
1753:Compulsory voting
1644:Political cartoon
473:Sue Shelton White
423:Elizabeth McShane
363:Josephine Bennett
320:Sue Shelton White
316:Elizabeth McShane
3274:
3131:
3074:Betty Gram Swing
3064:Caroline Spencer
3004:Mary Hall Ingham
2939:Abby Scott Baker
2929:Nina E. Allender
2910:Silent Sentinels
2903:
2896:
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2880:
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2868:Women's suffrage
2782:Silent Sentinels
2769:Suffrage Special
2729:
2722:
2715:
2706:
2705:
2525:Age of candidacy
2458:Holloway Jingles
2432:Pankhurst Centre
2403:(2008 sculpture)
2326:Leser v. Garnett
2131:Mud March (1907)
2015:
2014:
1948:Native Americans
1758:Disfranchisement
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569:Suffrage Special
494:Suffrage Special
413:Mary Hall Ingham
358:Abby Scott Baker
207:Susan B. Anthony
195:Abby Scott Baker
131:Abby Scott Baker
89:Silent Sentinels
52:Washington, D.C.
40:Silent Sentinels
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3084:Phyllis Terrell
3039:Katherine Morey
3034:Vida Milholland
3009:Paula O. Jakobi
2964:Iris Calderhead
2912:
2907:
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2872:
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2814:
2798:
2787:Night of Terror
2744:
2743:Suffrage events
2738:
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2703:
2698:
2663:(upcoming film)
2589:Votes for Women
2545:
2539:
2513:
2452:Holloway brooch
2447:Holloway banner
2278:
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2237:Night of Terror
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1082:"Berthe Arnold"
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581:
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548:
531:
486:
428:Vida Milholland
393:Estelle Eylward
388:Lucy Hyde Ewing
383:Sarah T. Colvin
353:Lillian Ascough
203:
147:Vida Milholland
118:
102:forced feedings
76:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3280:
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3259:
3254:
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3209:
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3207:(2022 musical)
3200:
3192:
3184:
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3177:Prison Special
3174:
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3166:The Suffragist
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2838:(2022 musical)
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2800:
2799:
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2792:Prison Special
2789:
2779:
2773:
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2766:
2763:The Suffragist
2754:
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2745:(co-organized)
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2656:(2022 musical)
2649:
2648:(2018 musical)
2641:
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2609:
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2578:Suffrage plays
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2401:Great Petition
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2338:Rise up, Women
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2256:
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2242:Prison Special
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2222:Suffrage Torch
2219:
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2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
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1894:Cayman Islands
1884:United Kingdom
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1638:External links
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3069:Doris Stevens
3067:
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3044:Mary A. Nolan
3042:
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2999:Julia Hurlbut
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2024:conferences
1691:Basic topics
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1571:December 17,
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155:Mabel Vernon
127:
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64:ratification
31:
29:
24:Lucy Branham
3199:(2004 film)
3191:(1920 book)
3024:Nell Mercer
2979:Julia Emory
2974:Dorothy Day
2924:Edith Ainge
2829:(2004 film)
2639:(2015 film)
2637:Suffragette
2631:(2014 film)
2615:(2004 film)
2591:(1912 film)
2427:Eagle House
2280:(memorials)
1968:Puerto Rico
1879:Switzerland
1856:New Zealand
1748:Suffragette
1728:Non-citizen
1515:: 661–676.
607:16 November
478:Mary Winsor
443:Ella Riegel
433:Agnes Morey
343:Edith Ainge
244:Los Angeles
238:San Antonio
232:New Orleans
226:Chattanooga
191:Ella Riegel
151:Agnes Morey
84:White House
44:White House
36:suffragists
3221:Categories
3049:Alice Paul
3014:Dora Lewis
2959:Lucy Burns
2736:Lucy Burns
2416:Resilience
1958:foreigners
1864:Francoist)
1794:aboriginal
1772:By country
1738:Voting age
1509:Scribner's
1493:2018-12-17
1261:2018-12-14
1241:2019-12-16
1221:2018-12-14
1197:2018-12-14
1148:2018-12-14
1091:2018-12-14
1007:2018-12-14
983:2018-12-14
887:2018-12-14
575:References
468:Cora Weeks
438:Mary Nolan
373:Lucy Burns
214:Charleston
143:Mary Nolan
139:Lucy Burns
74:Background
3137:Memorials
2917:Sentinels
2437:Paulsdale
1869:Sri Lanka
1826:Hong Kong
1784:Australia
1646:drawn by
1608:147626401
1438:147626401
1355:147626401
1297:147626401
740:1041-6374
655:143881070
546:Aftermath
529:Responses
268:Milwaukee
201:Itinerary
1899:Scotland
1816:Colombia
1684:Suffrage
1388:cite web
770:cite web
563:See also
298:New York
292:Hartford
280:Syracuse
116:The tour
3153:Related
2851:Related
2661:Lioness
2546:culture
2544:Popular
2518:Related
2378:Forward
1821:Ecuador
1779:Austria
484:Tactics
274:Detroit
262:Chicago
3252:Trains
2819:Legacy
2645:Sylvia
2395:statue
2380:statue
2353:statue
2011:Events
1973:states
1953:felons
1874:Sweden
1851:Mexico
1841:Kuwait
1806:Canada
1606:
1436:
1353:
1295:
1179:2015).
1121:
738:
653:
318:, and
286:Boston
256:Denver
3204:Suffs
2835:Suffs
2653:Suffs
2629:Selma
2277:Women
1938:women
1910:laws
1904:Wales
1889:women
1836:Japan
1831:India
1811:Chile
1799:women
1723:Youth
1718:Black
1708:Women
1604:S2CID
1455:(PDF)
1434:S2CID
1351:S2CID
1293:S2CID
1115:65–73
1055:(PDF)
932:(PDF)
848:(PDF)
819:(PDF)
734:(1).
696:(PDF)
651:S2CID
30:The "
2803:Life
2093:14th
2088:13th
2083:12th
2078:11th
2073:10th
1995:26th
1991:24th
1987:23rd
1983:19th
1979:15th
1924:1928
1919:1918
1914:1832
1573:2018
1547:2018
1467:2018
1398:link
1394:link
1380:2018
1119:ISBN
1068:2018
1037:2018
945:2018
914:2018
860:2018
831:2018
802:2018
776:link
762:2018
736:ISSN
709:2018
639:15:3
609:2018
166:comb
153:and
2068:9th
2063:8th
2058:7th
2053:6th
2048:5th
2043:4th
2038:3rd
2033:2nd
2028:1st
1985:,
1713:Men
1596:doi
1592:102
1517:hdl
1426:doi
1422:102
1343:doi
1339:102
1285:doi
1281:102
643:doi
58:at
3223::
2298:US
2175:US
2119:UK
1993:,
1989:,
1981:,
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