Privacy concerns with social networking services

1562:

the recipient—is up. However, the FTC made a case claiming this was false, making Snapchat in violation of regulations implemented to prevent deceptive consumer information. One focus of the case was that the reality of a "snap" lifespan is longer than most users perceive; the app's privacy policy stated that Snapchat itself temporarily stored all snaps sent, but neglected to offer users a time period during which snaps had yet to be permanently deleted and could still be retrieved. As a result, many third-party applications were easily created for consumers that hold the ability to save "snaps" sent by users and screenshot "snaps" without notifying the sender. The FTC also claimed that Snapchat took information from its users such as location and contact information without their consent. Despite not being written in their privacy policy, Snapchat transmitted location information from mobile devices to its analytics tracking service provider. Although "Snapchat's privacy policy claimed that the app collected only your email, phone number, and Facebook ID to find friends for you to connect with, if you're an IOS user and entered your phone number to find friends, Snapchat collected the names and phone numbers of all the contacts in your mobile device address books without your notice or consent." It was disclosed that the Gibsonsec security group warned Snapchat of potential issues with their security, however no actions were taken to reinforce the system. In early 2014, 4.6 million matched usernames and phone numbers of users were publicly leaked, adding to the existing privacy controversy of the application. Finally, the FTC claimed that Snapchat failed to secure its "find friends" feature by not requiring phone number verification in the registration process. Users could register accounts from numbers other than their own, giving users the ability to impersonate anyone they chose. Snapchat had to release a public statement of apology to alert users of the misconducts and change their purpose to be a "fast and fun way to communicate with photos".

698:

as well their thoughts and opinions. They tend to share this information because they do not want to feel left out or judged by other adolescents who are practicing these sharing activities already. Teens are motivated to keep themselves up to date with the latest gossip, current trends, and trending news and, in doing so they are allowing themselves to become victims of cyberbullying, stalking, and in the future, could potentially harm them when pursuing job opportunities, and in the context of privacy, become more inclined to share their private information to the public. This is concerning because preteens and teenagers are the least educated on how public social media is, how to protect themselves online, and the detrimental consequences that could come from sharing too much personal information online. As more and more young individuals are joining social media sites, they believe it is acceptable to post whatever they are thinking, as they don't realize the potential harm that information can do to them and how they are sacrificing their own privacy. "Teens are sharing more information about themselves on social media sites than they did in the past." Preteens and teenagers are sharing information on social media sites such as Facebook, Snapchat, Instagram, Twitter, Pinterest, and more by posting pictures and videos of themselves unaware of the privacy they are sacrificing. Adolescents post their real name, birthdays, and email addresses to their social media profiles. Children have less mobility than they have had in the past. Everything these teenagers do online is so they can stay in the loop of social opportunities, and the concern with this is that they do this in a way that is not only traceable but in a very persistent environment that motivates people to continue sharing information about themselves as well. Consequently, they continue to use social media sites such as Facebook, despite knowing there exists potential privacy risks.

877:

about users and their friends to advertisers and internet tracking companies, which is a violation of Facebook's privacy policy. The Wall Street Journal analyzed the ten most popular Facebook apps, including Zynga's FarmVille with 57 million users, and Zynga's Mafia Wars with 21.9 million users, and found that they were transmitting Facebook user IDs to data aggregators. Every online move leaves cyber footprints that are rapidly becoming fodder for research without people ever realizing it. Using social media for academic research is accelerating and raising ethical concerns along the way, as vast amounts of information collected by private companies — including Google, Microsoft, Facebook and Twitter — are giving new insight into all aspects of everyday life. Our social media "audience" is bigger than we actually know; our followers or friends aren't the only ones that can see information about us. Social media sites are collecting data from us just by searching something such as "favorite restaurant" on our search engine. Facebook is transformed from a public space to a behavioral laboratory," says the study, which cites a Harvard-based research project of 1,700 college-based Facebook users in which it became possible to "deanonymize parts of the data set," or cross-reference anonymous data to make student identification possible. Some of Facebook's research on user behavior found that 71% of people drafted at least one post that they never posted. Another analyzed 400,000 posts and found that children's communication with parents decreases in frequency from age 13 but then rises when they move out.

1361:

app geotags an uploaded image regardless of whether the user chose to share its location or not. Therefore, anybody can view the exact location where an image was uploaded on a map. This is concerning due to the fact that most people upload photos from their home or other locations they frequent a lot, and the fact that locations are so easily shared raises privacy concerns of stalking and sexual predators being able to find their target in person after discovering them online. The new Search function on Instagram combines the search of places, people, and tags to look at nearly any location on earth, allowing them to scout out a vacation spot, look inside a restaurant, and even to experience an event like they were there in person. The privacy implications of this fact is that people and companies can now see into every corner of the world, culture, and people's private lives. Additionally, this is concerning for individual privacy, because when someone searches through these features on Instagram for a specific location or place, Instagram shows them the personal photos that their users have posted, along with the likes and comments on that photo regardless of whether the poster's account is private or not. With these features, completely random people, businesses, and governments can see aspects of Instagram users' private lives. The Search and Explore pages that collect data based on user tagging illustrates how Instagram was able to create value out of the

270:. It was revealed that 89% of the users gave genuine names, and 61% gave a photograph of themselves for easier identification. Majority of users also had not altered their privacy setting, allowing a large number of unknown users to have access to their personal information (the default setting originally allowed friends, friends of friends, and non-friends of the same network to have the full view of a user's profile). It is possible for users to block other users from locating them on Facebook, but this must be done by individual basis, and would, therefore, appear not to be commonly used for a wide number of people. Most users do not realize that while they may make use of the security features on Facebook the default setting is restored after each update. All of this has led to many concerns that users are displaying far too much information on social networking sites which may have serious implications on their privacy. Facebook was criticized due to the perceived laxity regarding privacy in the default setting for users. 1377:

coins and stickers through competitions with other users. If a user is on Swarm, their exact location may be broadcast even if they didn't select their location to be "checked-in." When users turn on their "Neighborhood Sharing" feature, their location is shared as the specific intersection that they are at, and this location in current time can be viewed simply by tapping their profile image. This is concerning because Swarm users may believe they are being discreet by sharing only which neighborhood they are in, while in fact they are sharing the exact pinpoint of their location. The privacy implications of this is that people are inadvertently sharing their exact location when they do not know that they are. This plays into the privacy concerns of social media in general, because it makes it easier for other users as well as the companies this location data is shared with to track Swarm members. This tracking makes it easier for people to find their next targets for identity theft, stalking, and sexual harassment.

241:, the author, Danah Boyd, explains that some people “believe that a willingness to share in public spaces—and, most certainly, any act of exhibitionism and publicity—is incompatible with a desire for personal privacy." Once something is posted on the internet, it becomes accessible to multiple people and can even be shared beyond just assumed friends or followers. Many employers now look at a person's social media before hiring them for a job or position. Social media has become a tool that people use to find out information about a person's life. Someone can learn a lot about a person based on what they post before they even meet them once in person. The ability to achieve privacy is a never ending process. Boyd describes that “achieving privacy requires the ability to control the social situation by navigating complex contextual cues, technical affordances, and social dynamics." Society is constantly changing; therefore, the ability to understand social situations to obtain privacy regularly has to be changed. 616:, small files that stockpile the data on someone's device. Companies, such as Facebook, carry extensive amounts of private user information on file, regarding individuals’, “likes, dislikes, and preferences”, which are of high value to marketers. As Facebook reveals user information to advertising and marketing organizations, personalized endorsements will appear on news feeds based on “surfing behavior, hobbies, or pop culture preferences”. For those reasons, Facebook's critics fear that social networking companies may seek business ventures with stockholders by sharing user information in the exchange of profits. Additionally, they argue that since Facebook demonstrates an illusion of privacy presented by a “for-friends-only” type of platform, individuals find themselves more inclined to showcase more personal information online. According to the critics, users might notice that the sponsorships and commercials are tailored to their disclosed private data, which could result in a sense of betrayal. 1532:

their content to the application. This new product has received negative feedback because the Spectacles do not stand out from normal sunglasses beyond the small cameras on the lenses. Therefore, users have the ability to record strangers without them knowing. Furthermore, the simplistic design may result in people using the glasses accidentally, mistaking them for regular glasses. Critics of Snapchat Spectacles argue that this product is an invasion of privacy for the people who do not know they are being recorded by individuals who are wearing the glasses. Many people believe that these spectacles pose a risk in a way that their physical location might be disclosed to various parties, making the user vulnerable. Proponents disagree, saying that the glasses are distinguishable enough that users and people around them will notice them. Another argument in favor of the glasses is that people are already exposing themselves to similar scenarios by being in public.

1284:

from hackers to send advertisements to friends of users. When friends see the advertisements, they will have opinion about them, because "People will follow it because they believe it was a friend that told them to go to this link," said Randy Abrams, director of technical education with security vendor Eset. There were 2.2232% of the population on Facebook that believed or followed the advertisements of their friends. Even though the percentage is small, the amount of overall users on Facebook is more than 400 million worldwide. The influence of advertisements on Facebook is so huge and obvious. According to the blog of Alan who just posted advertisements on the Facebook, he earned $ 300 over the 4 days. That means he can earn $ 3 for every $ 1 put into it. The huge profit attracts hackers to steal users' login information on Facebook, and business people who want to buy accounts from hackers send advertisements to users' friends on Facebook.

1488:

recipients of a snap try and screenshot the photo or video sent, a notification is sent to the original sender that it was screenshot and by whom. Snapchat also has a "stories" feature where users can send photos to their "story" and friends can view the story as many times as they want until it disappears after twenty-four hours. Users have the ability to make their snapchat stories viewable to all of their friends on their friends list, only specific friends, or the story can be made public and viewed by anyone that has a snapchat account. In addition to the stories feature, messages can be sent through Snapchat. Messages disappear after they are opened unless manually saved by the user by holding down on the message until a "saved" notification pops up. There is no notification sent to the users that their message has been saved by the recipient, however, there is a notification sent if the message is screenshot.

1228:

those with .edu address could open an account. Furthermore, only those within one's university network could see their page. Some argue that initial users were much more willing to share private information for these reasons. As time went on, Facebook became more public allowing those outside universities, and furthermore, those without a specific network, to join and see pages of those in networks that were not their own. In 2006 Facebook introduced the News Feed, a feature that would highlight recent friend activity. By 2009, Facebook made "more and more information public by default". For example, in December 2009, "Facebook drastically changed its privacy policies, allowing users to see each others' lists of friends, even if users had previously indicated they wanted to keep these lists private". Also, "the new settings made photos publicly available by default, often without users' knowledge".

903:

that “...social media handles, aliases, associated identifiable information and search results...” would be included in an applicant's immigration file. This announcement, which was made relatively quietly, has received criticism from privacy advocates. The Department of Homeland Security issued a statement in late September 2017 asserting that the planned use of social media is nothing new, with one department spokesperson saying DHS has been using social media to collect information for years. According to a statement made to National Public Radio, DHS uses “...social media handles, aliases, associated identifiable information, and search results” to keep updated records on persons of interest. According to the DHS, the posting to the Federal Register was an effort to be transparent regarding information about social media that is already being collected from immigrants.

1349:

are still accepting people as "friends" that they have only heard of through others or do not know at all and, therefore, most have very large groups of "friends" that have access to widely uploaded information such as full names, birthdates, hometowns, and many pictures. This study suggests that social network privacy does not merely exist within the realm of privacy settings, but privacy control is much within the hands of the user. Commentators have noted that online social networking poses a fundamental challenge to the theory of privacy as control. The stakes have been raised because digital technologies lack "the relative transience of human memory," and can be trolled or data mined for information. For users who are unaware of all privacy concerns and issues, further education on the safety of disclosing certain types of information on Facebook is highly recommended.

1247:

fundamental and very much appreciated part of the Facebook experience. In response to user complaints, Facebook continued to add more and more privacy settings resulting in "50 settings and more than 170 privacy options." However, many users complained that the new privacy settings were too confusing and were aimed at increasing the amount of public information on Facebook. Facebook management responded that "there are always trade offs between providing comprehensive and precise granular controls and offering simple tools that may be broad and blunt." It appears as though users sometimes do not pay enough attention to privacy settings and arguably allow their information to be public even though it is possible to make it private. Studies have shown that users actually pay little attention to "permissions they give to third party apps."

366:. Cambridge Analytica was collecting data from Facebook users after they agreed to take a psychology questionnaire. Not only could Cambridge Analytica access the data of the person who took the survey, they could also access all of the data of that person's Facebook friends. This data was then used to hopefully sway people's’ beliefs in hopes that they would vote for a certain politician. While what Cambridge Analytica did by collecting the data may or may not be illegal, they then transferred the data they acquired to third parties so that it could be used to sway voters. Facebook was fined £500,000 in the UK, $ 5bn (£4bn) in the US, and in 2020, the company was taken to court by Australia's privacy regulator with the perspective of imposing a fine of A$ 1.7m (£860,000). 868:. Some studies have shown that social network victimization appears largely in adolescent and teens, and the type of victimization includes sexual advances and harassment. Recent research has reported approximately 9% of online victimization involves social network activities. It has been noted that many of these victims are girls who have been sexually victimized over these social network sites. Research concludes that many of social network victimizations are associated with user behaviors and interaction with one another. Negative social behaviors such as aggressive attitudes and discussing sexual related topics motivate the offenders to achieve their goals. All in all, positive online social behaviors is promoted to help reduce and avoid online victimization. 278:

extend to social media accounts. Some of these basic or simple security steps would include deleting cookies, browser history, or checking one's computer for spyware. Some may attribute this lack of action to “third-person bias”. This occurs when people are aware of risks, but then do not believe that these risks apply or relate to them as individuals. Another explanation is a simple risk reward analysis. Individuals may be willing to risk their privacy to reap the rewards of being active on social media. Oftentimes, the risk of being exploited for the private information shared on the internet is overshadowed by the rewards of exclusively sharing personal information that bolsters the appeal of the social media user.

955:

information within these networks can cause privacy concerns among mobile users. Foursquare defines another framework of action for the user. It appears to be in the interest of Foursquare that users provide many personal data that are set as public. This is illustrated, among others, by the fact that, although all the respondents want high control over the (location) privacy settings, almost none of them ever checked the Foursquare privacy settings before. Although there are algorithms using encryption, k-anonymity and noise injection algorithms, its better to understand how the location sharing works in these applications to see if they have good algorithms in place to protect location privacy.

676:. In 2009, researchers at Carnegie Mellon University published a study showing that it is possible to predict most and sometimes all of an individual's 9-digit Social Security number using information gleaned from social networks and online databases. (See Predicting Social Security Numbers from Public Data by Acquisti and Gross). In response, various groups have advised that users either do not display their number, or hide it from Facebook 'friends' they do not personally know. Cases have also appeared of users having photographs stolen from social networking sites in order to assist in identity theft. According to the Huffington Post, Bulgarian IT consultant Bogomil Shopov claimed in a 1326:

school and college attended, major, hometown, graduation year and even what dorm a student may have lived in. The study revealed that only 5% of people thought to change their friend's list to private. For other users, 58% displayed university attended, 42% revealed employers, 35% revealed interests and 19% gave viewers public access to where they were located. Due to the correlation of Facebook friends and universities they attend, it was easy to discover where a Facebook user was based on their list of friends. This fact is one that has become very useful to advertisers targeting their audiences but is also a big risk for the privacy of all those with Facebook accounts.

229:, posts on the internet can still be shared with people beyond a user's followers or friends. One reason for this is that “English law is currently incapable of protecting those who share on social media from having their information disseminated further than they intend." Information always has the chance to be unintentionally spread online. Once something is posted on the internet, it becomes public and is no longer private. Users can turn privacy settings on for their accounts; however, that does not guarantee that information will not go beyond their intended audience. Pictures and posts can be saved and posts may never really get deleted. In 2013, the 821:

which have been considered disparaging to their current employers or fellow workers. In 2009, sixteen-year-old Kimberley Swann was sacked from her position at Ivell Marketing and Logistics Limited after describing her job as 'boring'. In 2008, Virgin Atlantic sacked thirteen cabin crew staff, after it emerged they used had criticized the company's safety standards and called passengers 'chavs' on Facebook. There is no federal law that we are aware of that an employer is breaking by monitoring employees on social networking sites. In fact, employers can even hire third-party companies to monitor online employee activity for them. According to an

1270:

industries will soon need to increase their protection for online users. Because online users often unknowingly opt in on making their information public, the FTC is urging Internet companies to make privacy notes simpler and easier for the public to understand, therefore increasing their option to opt out. Perhaps this new policy should also be implemented in the Facebook world. The Commerce Department claims that Americans, "have been ill-served by a patchwork of privacy laws that contain broad gaps". Because of these broad gaps, Americans are more susceptible to identity theft and having their online activity tracked by others.

762:

Here Now," and (4) uncheck "Places I've Visited.". Moreover, the Federal Trade Commission has received two complaints in regards to Facebook's "unfair and deceptive" trade practices, which are used to target advertising sectors of the online community. "Places" tracks user location information and is used primarily for advertising purposes. Each location tracked allows third party advertisers to customize advertisements that suit one's interests. Currently, the Federal Trade Commissioner along with the Electronic Privacy Information Center are shedding light on the issues of location data tracking on social networking sites.

1497:

features require saving content to snapchat servers in order to release to other users at a later time. The update stated that it has the rights to reproduce, modify, and republish photos, as well as save those photos to Snapchat servers. Users felt uncomfortable with the idea that all photo content was saved and the idea of “disappearing photos” advertised by Snapchat didn't actually disappear. There is no way to control what content is saved and what isn't. Snapchat responded to backlash by saying they needed this license to access our information in order to create new features, like the live snapchat feature.

1573:, created in 2009, is a platform that allows users to communicate via text and voice message, video chatting, and document sharing for free. WhatsApp was acquired by Facebook in 2014, but the brand continues to be promote as a secure and reliable form of communication. The app can be downloaded and used on Android, iPhone, Mac or Windows PC, and Windows Phone devices without SMS fees or charges from a carrier. While asterisks across the WhatsApp website denote some hazards of fees and additional charges, this has become a popular application for consumers that communication with people overseas. 744:

of information that users post about themselves online, it is easy for users to become a victim of stalking without even being aware of the risk. 63% of Facebook profiles are visible to the public, meaning if you Google someone's name and you add "+Facebook" in the search bar you pretty much will see most of the person profile. A study of Facebook profiles from students at Carnegie Mellon University revealed that about 800 profiles included current resident and at least two classes being studied, theoretically allowing viewers to know the precise location of individuals at specific times.

303:, irrespective of the ability to monitor or control that other party" (p. 712)". A survey was conducted by Carnegie Mellon University, a majority of users provided their living city, phone numbers among other personal information, while user is clearly unaware of consequences of sharing certain information. Adding to this insight, is the social networking users are from various cities, remote villages, towns, cultures, traditions, religions, background, economic classes, education background, time zones and so on that highlight the significant gap in awareness. 1523:

over hackers getting into personal Snapchat accounts. To reassure users, Snapchat has added to their Support webpage explaining the expiration of snapchats after 30 days yet it is still very unclear. To clarify, this is exactly what happens: after 30 days, any unopened Snapchats will automatically be deleted or expire (which appears to the user as the same thing as being opened automatically). Therefore, this will change the user's Snapscore. After snaps expire, it will look like all of the snapchats have been opened, shown by many unfilled or open boxes.

771:

concept that includes removing one's information from the media that was once available to the public. The right to be forgotten is currently enforced in the European Union and Argentina, and has been recognized in various cases in the United States, particularly in the case of Melvin v. Reid. However, there is controversy surrounding the right to be forgotten in the United States as it conflicts with the public's right to know and the Constitution's First Amendment, restricting one's “right to freedom of speech and freedom of expression” (Amendment I).

6586: 1304:, Facebook would have to record everything its users say. This kind of “constant audio surveillance would produce about 33 times more data daily than Facebook currently consumes”. Additionally, it would become immediately apparent to the user as their phone's battery life would be swiftly drained by the amount of power it would take to record every conversation. Finally, it is clear that Facebook doesn't need to listen in on its users’ conversations because it already has plenty of access to their data and internet search history through 1603:

not for dynamic addresses. California regulations say IP addresses need to be treated as personal information if the business itself, not a third party, can link them to name and street address. In 2020, An Alberta court ruled that police can obtain the IP addresses and the names and addresses associated with them, without a search warrant. An investigation found the IP addresses which initiated online crimes, and the service provider gave police the names and addresses associated with those IP addresses.

1259:

one's Internet usage whether users are logged into the social media site or not. A user may notice personalized ads under the 'Sponsored' area of the page. "The company uses cookies to log data such as the date, time, URL, and your IP address whenever you visit a site that has a Facebook plug-in, such as a 'Like' button." Facebook claims this data is used to help improve one's experience on the website and to protect against 'malicious' activity. Another issue of privacy that Facebook uses is the new

290:. Researchers found that “it is a place where teenage patients stay up-to-date about their social life—it is not seen as a place to discuss their diagnosis and treatment.” Therefore, social media is a forum that needs self-protection and privacy. Privacy should be a main concern, especially for teens who may not be entirely informed about the importance and consequences of public versus private use. For example, the “discrepancy between stated privacy concerns and the disclosure of private information.” 103:. The massive influx of personal information that has become available online and stored in the cloud has put user privacy at the forefront of discussion regarding the database's ability to safely store such personal information. The extent to which users and social media platform administrators can access user profiles has become a new topic of ethical consideration, and the legality, awareness, and boundaries of subsequent privacy violations are critical concerns in advance of the technological age. 1396:. In September, 2010, Jennifer Purcell claimed that the FCRA was violated by Spokeo marketing her personal information. Her case is pending in court. Also in 2010, Thomas Robins claimed that his personal information on the website was inaccurate and he was unable to edit it for accuracy. The case was dismissed because Robins did not claim that the site directly caused him actual harm. On February 15, 2011, Robins filed another suit, this time stating Spokeo has caused him "imminent and ongoing" harm. 1553:. Because of this, third parties have the ability to access Snapchats while they are being transferred from one device to another. The report also claimed that Snapchat does not explicitly inform users in its privacy policy of the application's level of encryption or any threats the application may pose to users’ rights, which further reduced its overall score. Regardless of this report, Snapchat is currently considered the most trustworthy social media platform among users. 1421:

protect their users privacy, personal information can still be dangerous to share. There have been incidents of leaked tweets on Twitter. Leaked tweets are tweets that have been published from a private account but have been made public. This occurs when friends of someone with a private account retweet, or copy and paste, that person's tweet and so on and so forth until the tweet is made public. This can make private information public, and could possibly be dangerous.

358:

it is easy to identify users' names. For example, Take With Me Learning is an app that allows teachers and students to keep track of their academic process. The app requires personal information that includes, school name, user's name, email, and age. But Take With Me Learning was created by a company that was known for illegally gathering student's personal information without their knowledge and selling it to advertisement companies. This company had violated the

649:, which affirms a commitment to upholding privacy as a fundamental right. In 2008, a study was performed in fourteen public libraries in the UK which found that 50% blocked access to social networking sites. Many school libraries have also blocked Facebook out of fear that children may be disclosing too much information on Facebook. However, as of 2011, Facebook has taken efforts to combat this concern by deleting profiles of users under the age of thirteen. 1232:

accessible to third party members, but it is still possible for third party members to have access to less exact personal information, like one's hometown and employment, if the user has entered the information into Facebook. EPIC Executive Director Marc Rotenberg said "Facebook is trying to blur the line between public and private information. And the request for permission does not make clear to the user why the information is needed or how it will be used."

6560: 377:(API) is a set of routines, protocols, and tools for building software applications. By using query language, sharing content and data between communities and applications became much easier. APIs simplify all that by limiting outside program access to a specific set of features—often enough, requests for data of one sort or another. APIs clearly define exactly how a program will interact with the rest of the software world—saving time. 254:, where most people prefer to be anonymous. Thus, linking users to their real identity can sometimes be rather difficult. Nevertheless, individuals can sometimes be identified with face re-identification. Studies have been done on two major social networking sites, and it is found that by overlapping 15% of the similar photographs, profile pictures with similar pictures over multiple sites can be matched to identify the users. 694:

in regards to online privacy. Additionally, other studies have also found that the heightening of adolescents' concern towards their privacy will also lead to a greater probability that they will utilize privacy-protecting behaviors. In the technological culture that society is developing into, not only should adolescents' and parent's awareness be risen, but society as a whole should acknowledge the importance of online privacy.

1582:

or updates from certain users, a list of all updates will be shown to the previously blocked user (including the previously hidden status/updates). Similar to apps such as Snapchat and Instagram, users are notified when a story is forwarded, viewed, screenshotted, or shared. WhatsApp developers have added the Frequently Forwarded feature that notifies users if a message, status, or update has been forwarded 4 or more times.

1425:

their personal home address. This information is represented as a latitude and longitude, which is completely open for any website or application to access. People also tweet about going on vacation and giving the times and places of where they are going and how long they will be gone for. This has led to numerous break ins and robberies. Twitter users can avoid location services by disabling them in their privacy settings.

720:

number of sexual predators caught using social networking sites has been increasing, and has now reached an almost weekly basis. In worst cases children have become victims of pedophiles or lured to meet strangers.They say that sexual predators can lurk anonymously through the wormholes of cyberspace and access victim profiles online. A number of highly publicized cases have demonstrated the threat posed for users, such as

1098: 995: 797:

candidates' alcohol and drug use to be a top concern. Other concerns investigated via social networking sites included poor communication skills, inappropriate photographs, inaccurate qualifications and bad-mouthing former employers/colleagues. However, 24% manager claimed that information found on a social networking site persuaded them to hire a candidate, suggesting that a user image can be used in a positive way.

24: 1251:

what information can be displayed on their profile. In most cases profiles are open to either "all my network and friends" or "all of my friends." Also, information that shows on a user's profile such as birthday, religious views, and relationship status can be removed via the privacy settings. If a user is under 13 years old they are not able to make a Facebook or a MySpace account, however, this is not regulated.

690:

fact comes privacy concerns such as identity theft, stealing of personal information, and data usage by advertising companies. Besides from using social media to connect, teenagers use social networking services for political purposes and obtaining information. However, sometimes social media can become the place for harassment and disrespectful political debates that fuels resentment and rises privacy concerns.

805:

to social media web sites of their employees and prospective employees. A number of other states that are also considering such prohibitory legislation (California, Delaware, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, South Carolina and Washington), as is the United States Congress. In April 2012, the Social Networking Online Protection Act (2012 H.R. 5050) was introduced in the

417:

used matters less than the result which holds that the content produced is coupled with the geographical location where the user produced it. Additionally, many applications attach the contents of other forms of information like OS language, device type and capture time. The result is that by posting, tweeting or taking pictures, users produce and share an enormous amount of personal information.

1345:

the perceived threats to privacy. The most common strategy for privacy protection—decreasing profile visibility through restricting access to friends—is also a very weak mechanism; a quick fix rather than a systematic approach to protecting privacy. This study suggests that more education about privacy on Facebook would be beneficial to the majority of the Facebook user population.

895:. One example of investigators using Facebook to nab a criminal is the case of Maxi Sopo. Charged with bank fraud, and having escaped to Mexico, he was nowhere to be found until he started posting on Facebook. Although his profile was private, his list of friends was not, and through this vector, where he met a former official of the Justice Department, he was eventually caught. 1470:

This is a privacy concern because users can say whatever they choose and the receiver of the message may never know who they are communicating with. Sites such as these allow for a large chance or cyberbullying or cyberstalking to occur. People seem to believe that since they can be anonymous, they have the freedom to say anything no matter how mean or malicious.

1243:

Facebook obliged and created a tool which was located in the Help Section but later removed. To locate the tool to permanently delete a user's Facebook, he or she must manually search through Facebook's Help section by entering the request to delete the Facebook in the search box. Only then will a link be provided to prompt the user to delete his or her profile.

641:

particularly vocal in voicing their concerns. Some have argued that the lack of privacy found on social networking sites is contrary to the ethics supported by Library organizations, and the latter should thus be extremely apprehensive about dealing with the former. Supporters of this view present their argument from the code of ethics held by both the

1255:

current social norms are." Their statements suggest that the Internet is becoming a more open, public space, and changes in Facebook privacy settings reflect this. However, Zuckerberg did admit that in the initial release of the News Feed, they "did a bad job of explaining what the new features were and an even worse job of giving you control of them."

191:. While these two social media platforms were introduced, additional forms of social networking included: online multiplayer games, blog and forum sites, newsgroups, mailings lists and dating services. They created a backbone for the new modern sites. Since the start of these sites, privacy has become a concern for the public. In 1996, a young woman in 977:

operators. Giving rise to the moral obligation and responsibility of the sites operators to maintain private information to be within user control. However, due to the legality of outsourcing of user data upon registration- without prior discretion, data outsourcing has been frequented by SNSs operating systems- regardless of user privacy settings.

753:

smartphones are able to embed the longitude and latitude coordinates into the photo and automatically send this information to the application. Anybody using the application can search for a specific person and then find their immediate location. This poses many potential threats to users who share their information with a large group of followers.

1308:. Facebook specifically states in their Cookies Policy that they use cookies to help display ads that will peak the users interest. They then use this information to help make recommendations for numerous businesses, organizations, associations, etc. to individuals who may be interested in the products, services or causes they offer. 1341:

randomly selected to unknowingly partake in a study to determine the effect of "emotional alteration" by Facebook posts. Apart from the ethical issue of conducting such a study with human emotion in the first place, this is just one of the means in which data outsourcing has been used as a breach of privacy without user disclosure.

381:

point of the privacy conversation, because while the data can be anonymous, the difficulty is understanding when it becomes an invasion of privacy. Personal information can be collected in mass, but the debate over whether it breaches personal privacy is due to the inability to match this information with specific people.

163:. These social networking sites have seen a boom in their popularity beginning in the late 2000s. Through these websites many people are giving their personal information out on the internet. These social networks keep track of all interactions used on their sites and save them for later use. Issues include 612:, have greatly diminished user confidentiality in numerous ways. For one thing, when social media platforms store private data, they also have complete access to that material as well. To sustain their profitability, applications like Facebook examine and market personal information by logging data through 946:, has drawn attention to the need to take action on protecting privacy on the internet. This movement is described by Lord Justice Leveson as a global megaphone for gossip: "There is not only a danger of trial by Twitter, but also of an unending punishment, and no prospect of rehabilitation, by Google". 1514:

On Snapchat, there is a new feature that was incorporated into the app in 2017 called Snap Maps. Snap Maps allows users to track other users’ locations, but when people “first use the feature, users can select whether they want to make their location visible to all of their friends, a select group of

1505:

With the 2015 new update of Snapchat, users are able to do “Live Stories,” which are a “collection of crowdsourced snaps for a specific event or region.” By doing that, you are allowing snapchat to share your location with not just your friends, but with everyone. According to Snapchat, once you pick

1469:

Certain social media sites such as Ask.fm, Whisper, and Yik Yak allow users to interact anonymously. The problem with websites such as these is that “despite safeguards that allow users to report abuse, people on the site believe they can say almost anything without fear or consequences—and they do."

1424:

Another issue involving privacy on Twitter deals with users unknowingly disclosing their information through tweets. Twitter has location services attached to tweets, which some users don't even know are enabled. Many users tweet about being at home and attach their location to their tweet, revealing

1348:

The study also offers the perspective that most users do not realize that restricting access to their data does not sufficiently address the risks resulting from the amount, quality, and persistence of data they provide. Facebook users in our study report familiarity and use of privacy settings, they

1278:

The illegal activities on Facebook are very widespread, in particular, phishing attacks, allowing attackers to steal other people's passwords. The Facebook users are led to land on a page where they are asked for their login information, and their personal information is stolen in that way. According

967:

Privacy agreements oftentimes say that they can track a user's location and activity based on the device used for the site. For example, the privacy agreement for Facebook states that "all devices that a person uses to access Facebook are recorded such as IP addresses, phone numbers, operating system

963:

Another privacy issue with social networks is the privacy agreement. The privacy agreement states that the social network owns all of the content that users upload. This includes pictures, videos, and messages are all stored in the social networks database even if the user decides to terminate his or

898:

In recent years, some state and local law enforcement agencies have also begun to rely on social media websites as resources. Although obtaining records of information not shared publicly by or about site users often requires a subpoena, public pages on sites such as Facebook and MySpace offer access

701:

California is also taking steps to protect the privacy of some social media users from users’ own judgments. In 2013, California enacted a law that would require social media sites to allow young registered users to erase their own comments from sites. This is a first step in the United States toward

306:

The survey results of the paper suggest, "These results show that the interaction of trust and privacy concern in social networking sites is not yet understood to a sufficient degree to allow accurate modeling of behavior and activity. The results of the study encourage further research in the effort

236:

A person's life becomes much more public because of social networking. Social media sites have allowed people to connect with many more people than with just in person interactions. People can connect with users from all across the world that they may never have the chance to meet in person. This can

1478:

On July 6, 2010, Blizzard Entertainment announced that it would display the real names tied to user accounts in its game forums. On July 9, 2010, CEO and cofounder of Blizzard Mike Morhaime announced a reversal of the decision to force posters' real names to appear on Blizzard's forums. The reversal

1376:

is a mobile app that lets users check-in to a location and potentially make plans and set up future meetings with people nearby. This app has made it easier for people in online communities to share their locations, as well as interact with others in this community through collecting rewards such as

1344:

Several issues about Facebook are due to privacy concerns. An article titled "Facebook and Online Privacy: Attitudes, Behaviors, and Unintended Consequences" examines the awareness that Facebook users have on privacy issues. This study shows that the gratifications of using Facebook tend to outweigh

1283:

which was published on April 22, 2010, we can know that a hacker named Kirllos illegally stole and sold 1.5 million Facebook IDs to some business companies who want to attract potential customers by using advertisements on Facebook. Their illegal approach is that they used accounts which were bought

1258:

Facebook's privacy settings have greatly evolved and are continuing to change over time. Zuckerberg "believes the age of privacy is 'over,' and that norms have evolved considerably since he first co-founded the social networking site". Additionally, Facebook has been under fire for keeping track of

1246:

These new privacy settings enraged some users, one of whom claimed, "Facebook is trying to dupe hundreds of millions of users they've spent years attracting into exposing their data for Facebook's personal gain." However, other features like the News Feed faced an initial backlash but later became a

902:

On October 18, 2017, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) was scheduled to begin using personal information collected using social media platforms to screen immigrants arriving in the U.S. The department made this new measure known in a posting to the Federal Register in September 2017, noting

876:

While the concept of a worldwide communicative network seems to adhere to the public sphere model, market forces control access to such a resource. In 2010, investigation by The Wall Street Journal found that many of the most popular applications on Facebook were transmitting identifying information

761:

is automated and must be turned off manually. Various settings must be turned off and manipulated in order for the user to ensure privacy. According to epic.org, Facebook users are recommended to: (1) disable "Friends can check me in to Places," (2) customize "Places I Check In," (3) disable "People

743:

users on social networking sites has been noted and shared. Popular social networking sites make it easy to build a web of friends and acquaintances and share with them your photos, whereabouts, contact information, and interests without ever getting the chance to actually meet them. With the amount

697:

Preteens and early teenagers are particularly susceptible to social pressures that encourage young people to reveal personal data when posting online. Teens often post information about their personal life, such as activities they are doing, sharing their current locations, who they spend time with,

693:

There have been age restrictions put on numerous websites but how effective they are is debatable. Findings have unveiled that informative opportunities regarding internet privacy as well as concerns from parents, teachers, and peers, play a significant role in impacting the internet user's behavior

416:

On most social media websites, user's geographical location can be gathered either by users (through voluntary check-in applications like Foursquare and Facebook Places) or by applications (through technologies like IP address geolocation, cellphone network triangulation, RFID and GPS). The approach

327:

To improve user's awareness, a possible method is to have privacy-related trainings for people to understand privacy concerns with the use of social media websites or apps. The trainings can include information of how certain companies or apps help secure user's privacy, and skills to protect user's

281:

In the study by Van der Velden and El Emam, teenagers are described as “active users of social media, who seem to care about privacy, but who also reveal a considerable amount of personal information.” This brings up the issue of what should be managed privately on social media, and is an example of

1581:

In 2019, WhatsApp incorporated new privacy and security measures for their users including- Hide Muted Status and Frequently Forwarded. The hide muted status feature allows users to hide specific updates or interactions with specific users; however, if the user would decide to "unhide" their status

1518:

This feature however has raised privacy concerns because “‘It is very easy to accidentally share everything that you've got with more people than you need too, and that's the scariest portion’. Cyber security expert Charles Tendell told ABC News of the Snapchat update.” For protecting younger users

1325:

A study was conducted at Northeastern University by Alan Mislove and his colleagues at the Max Planck Institute for Software Systems, where an algorithm was created to try and discover personal attributes of a Facebook user by looking at their friend's list. They looked for information such as high

1227:

Facebook has been scrutinized for a variety of privacy concerns due to changes in its privacy settings on the site generally over time as well as privacy concerns within Facebook applications. Mark Zuckerberg, CEO of Facebook, first launched Facebook in 2004, it was focused on universities and only

825:

employers use the service to "make sure that employees don't leak sensitive information on social networks or engage in any behavior that could damage a company's reputation." While employers may have found such usages of social networking sites convenient, complaints have been put forward by civil

804:

If a potential employer uses a social networking site to check out a job candidate and then rejects that person based on what they see, he or she could be charged with discrimination. On August 1, 2012, Illinois joined the state of Maryland (law passed in March 2012) in prohibiting employer access

783:

was posted on the internet without his consent. The video quickly became a hit, much to the embarrassment of the teenager, who claims to have suffered as a result. Along with other incidents of videos being posted on social networking sites, this highlights the ability for personal information to

748:

attracted controversy over its instant messenger AIM which permits users to add 'buddies' without their knowing, and therefore track when a user is online. Concerns have also been raised over the relative ease for people to read private messages or e-mails on social networking sites. Cyberstalking

600:

have highlighted the feasibility of aggregating social data across social sites as well as integrating it with public records. A 2011 study highlighted these issues by measuring the amount of unintended information leakage over a large number of users with the varying number of social networks. It

357:

says they can provide "any of the non-personally identifiable attributes we have collected" to advertisers, they violate this policy. If a user clicked a specific ad in a page, Facebook will send the user address of this page to advertisers, which will directly lead to a profile page. In this case,

344:

photos that allows users to view the exact location of where a person is visiting or staying. Geotagged photos make it easy for third party users to see where an individual is located or traveling to. There is also growing use of phishing, which reveals sensitive information through secretive links

1602:

are. The Court of Justice of the European Union has ruled they need to be treated as personally identifiable information if the business receiving them, or a third party like a service provider, knows the name or street address of the IP address holder, which would be true for static IP addresses,

1561:

In 2014, allegations were made against Snapchat by the Federal Trade Commission "FTC" for deceiving users on its privacy and security measures. Snapchat's main appeal is its marketed ability to have users' photos disappear completely after the one to ten second time frame—selected by the sender to

1522:

An additional concern users have with the privacy of Snapchat is the deletion of Snapchat's after 30 days. Many users become confused as to why it looks like someone has gotten into their account and opened all of their snapchat's which then increases their Snapscore. This has caused great concern

1388:

is a "people-related" search engine with results compiled through data aggregation. The site contains information such as age, relationship status, estimated personal wealth, immediate family members and home address of individual people. This information is compiled through what is already on the

1360:

tracks users' photos even if they do not post them using a geotag. This is through the information within metadata, which is in all photos. Metadata contains information like the lens type, location, time, and more of the photo. Users can be tracked through metadata without the use of geotags. The

1254:

Although Zuckerberg, the Facebook CEO, and others in the management team usually respond in some manner to user concerns, they have been unapologetic about the trend towards less privacy. They have stated that they must continually "be innovating and updating what our system is to reflect what the

1238:

is an example of a Facebook "cyberstalking" app, which was taken down on 23 February 2011. The app was later unblocked. The application notifies the user when the person they selected changes their relationship status. The concept became very popular, with the site attracting 700,000 visits in the

1182:

Be familiar with the privacy protection provided. Users should take the extra time to get to know the privacy protection systems of various social networks they are or will be using. Only friends should be allowed to access their information. Check the privacy or security settings on every social

976:

The ethical dilemma lies in that upon the agreement to register for SNSs, the personal information disclosed is legally accessible and managed by the sites privately established online security operators and operating systems; leaving access of user data to be "under the discretion" of the site(s)

820:

Monitoring of social networking sites is not limited to potential workers. Issues relating to privacy are becoming an increasing concern for those currently in employment. A number of high-profile cases have appeared in which individuals have been sacked for posting comments on social networking

774:

Privacy concerns have also been raised over a number of high-profile incidents which can be considered embarrassing for users. Various internet memes have been started on social networking sites or been used as a means towards their spread across the internet. In 2002, a Canadian teenager became

756:

Facebook "Places," is a Facebook service, which publicizes user location information to the networking community. Users are allowed to "check-in" at various locations including retail stores, convenience stores, and restaurants. Also, users are able to create their own "place," disclosing personal

724:

who, under a false name, added over 3,000 friends and went on to rape and murder a 17-year-old girl in 2009. In another case, a 12-year-old, Evergreen girl was safely found by the FBI with the help of Facebook, due to her mother learning of her daughter's conversation with a man she had met on the

719:

online. Further, lack of age verification mechanisms is a cause of concern in these social networking platforms. However, it was also suggested that the majority of these simply transferred to using the services provided by Facebook. While the numbers may remain small, it has been noted that the

714:

Most major social networking sites are committed to ensuring that use of their services are as safe as possible. However, due to the high content of personal information placed on social networking sites, as well as the ability to hide behind a pseudo-identity, such sites have become increasingly

689:

Among all other age groups, in general, the most vulnerable victims of private-information-sharing behavior are preteens and early teenagers. According to research, many teens report that social media and social networking services are important to building relationships and friendships. With this

403:

are an easy way to find information without scanning every site yourself. Keywords that are typed into a search box will lead to the results. So it is necessary to make sure that the keywords typed are precise and correct. There are many such search engines, some of which may lead the user to fake

380:

An API allows software to “speak with other software.” Furthermore, an API can collect and provide information that is not publicly accessible. This is extremely enticing for researchers due to the greater number of possible avenues of research. The use of an API for data collection can be a focal

249:

Social networking sites vary in the levels of privacy offered. For some social networking sites like Facebook, providing real names and other personal information is encouraged by the site (onto a page known as a 'Profile'). This information usually consists of the birth date, current address, and

211:

According to Kelly Quinn, “the use of social media has become ubiquitous, with 73% of all U.S. adults using social network sites today and significantly higher levels of use among young adults and females." Social media sites have grown in popularity over the past decade, and they only continue to

1340:

Recently, Facebook knowingly agreed and facilitated a controversial experiment; the experiment blatantly bypassed user privacy and demonstrates the dangers and complex ethical nature of the current networking management system. The "one week study in January of 2012" where over 600,000 users were

1250:

Most users are not aware that they can modify the privacy settings and unless they modify them, their information is open to the public. On Facebook privacy settings can be accessed via the drop down menu under account in the top right corner. There users can change who can view their profile and

906:

Government use of SMMS, or “Social Media Monitoring Software", may geographically track us as we communicate. It can chart out our relationships, networks, and associations. It can monitor protests, identify the leaders of political and social movements, and measure our influence.” SMMS is also a

837:

Monitoring of staff's social networking activities is also becoming an increasingly common method of ensuring that employees are not browsing websites during work hours. It was estimated in 2010 that an average of two million employees spent over an hour a day on social networking sites, costing

816:

With the recent concerns about new technologies, the United States is now developing laws and regulations to protect certain aspects of people's information on different medias. For example, 12 states in the US currently have laws specifically restricting employers from demanding access to their

770:

Unintentional fame can harm a person's character, reputation, relationships, chance of employment, and privacy- ultimately infringing upon a person's right to the pursuit of happiness. Many cases of unintentional fame have led its victims to take legal action. The right to be forgotten is a legal

680:

to have purchased personal information on more than 1 million Facebook users, for the shockingly low price of US$ 5.00. The data reportedly included users' full names, email addresses, and links to their Facebook pages. The following information could be used to steal the users' identities :

519:

Disclosure in this context refers to any means of communication, be it written, oral, electronic or mechanical. This states that agencies are forbidden to give out, or disclose, the information of an individual without being given consent by the individual to release that information. However, it

1531:

In 2016, Snapchat released a new product called “Snapchat Spectacles,” which are sunglasses featuring a small camera that allow users to take photos and record up to 10 seconds of footage. The cameras in the Spectacles are connected to users’ existing Snapchat accounts, so they can easily upload

1433:

Teachers' privacy on MySpace has created controversy across the world. They are forewarned by The Ohio News Association that if they have a MySpace account, it should be deleted. Eschool News warns, "Teachers, watch what you post online." The ONA also posted a memo advising teachers not to join

1408:

cases. This outcome of this case is questionable because it deals with the user's First Amendment rights. Twitter moved to reverse the court order, and supported the idea that internet users should be notified and given an opportunity to defend their constitutional rights in court before their

1269:

Similar to Rotenberg's claim that Facebook users are unclear of how or why their information has gone public, recently the Federal Trade Commission and Commerce Department have become involved. The Federal Trade Commission has recently released a report claiming that Internet companies and other

1052:

Most social networking sites require users to agree to Terms of Use policies before they use their services. Controversially, these Terms of Use declarations that users must agree to often contain clauses permitting social networking operators to store data on users, or even share it with third

800:

While there is little doubt that employers will continue to use social networking sites as a means of monitoring staff and screening potential candidates, it has been noted that such actions may be illegal under in jurisdictions. According to Workforce.com, employers who use Facebook or Myspace

323:

There is hence a dire need for improving User's awareness swiftly, in order to address growing security and privacy concerns caused due to merely user's unawareness. Social networking sites themselves can take a responsibility and make such awareness possible by means of participatory methods by

1242:

In 2008, four years after the first introduction of Facebook, Facebook created an option to permanently delete information. Until then, the only option was to deactivate one's Facebook account, which still left the user's information within Facebook servers. After thousands of users complaints,

796:

that one in five employers search social networking sites in order to screen potential candidates (increasing from only 11% in 2006). For the majority of employers, such action is to acquire negative information about candidates. For example, 41% of managers considered information relating to

298:

Users are often the targets as well as the source of information in social networking. Users leave digital imprints during browsing of social networking sites or services. It has been identified from few of the online studies, that users trust websites and social networking sites. As per trust

277:

is a phenomenon that occurs when individuals, who state that they have concerns about their privacy online, take no action to secure their accounts. Furthermore, while individuals may take extra security steps for other online accounts, such as those related to banking or finance, this does not

199:

In the past, social networking sites primarily consisted of the capability to chat with others in a chat room, which was far less popular than social networks today. People using these sites were seen as "techies" unlike users in the current era. One of the early privacy cases was in regards to

1487:

Snapchat is a mobile application created by Stanford graduates Evan Spiegel and Bobby Murphy in September 2011. Snapchat's main feature is that the application allows users to send a photo or video, referred to as a "snap", to recipients of choice for up to ten seconds before it disappears. If

1420:

Twitter allows people to share information with their followers. Any messages that are not switched from the default privacy setting are public, and thus can be viewed by anyone with a Twitter account. The most recent 20 tweets are posted on a public timeline. Despite Twitter's best efforts to

1316:

In September 2018, there was an incident of a security breach within Facebook. Hackers were able to access and steal personal information in nearly half of the 30 million accounts. The company initially believed that even more, around 50 million users, were affected in an attack that gave the

1156:

There are people out there who want—and will do just about anything—to get someone's private information. It's essential to realize that it's difficult to keep your privacy secured all the time. Among other factors, it has been observed that data loss is correlated positively with risky online

224:

throughout social networking platforms. It has been recognized that “by design, social media technologies contest mechanisms for control and access to personal information, as the sharing of user-generated content is central to their function." This proves that social networking companies need

3196:

Moscardelli D, Divine R. Adolescents' Concern for Privacy When Using the Internet: An Empirical Analysis of Predictors and Relationships with Privacy-Protecting Behaviors. Family And Consumer Sciences Research Journal . March 2007;35(3):232–252. Available from: PsycINFO, Ipswich, MA. Accessed

1496:

In 2015, Snapchat updated their privacy policy, causing outrage from users because of changes in their ability to save user content. These rules were put in place to help Snapchat create new and cool features like being able to replay a Snapchat, and the idea of “live” Snapchat stories. These

1048:

One of the main concerns that people have with their security is the lack of visibility that policies and settings have in the social networks. It is often located in areas hard to see like the top left or right of the screen. Another concern is the lack of information that users get from the

850:

in 2015 targeted 33 women by using GPS data embedded on Facebook and Instagram photos, and stole $ 250,000 in electronics and jewelry, along with his victims’ underwear and bras. A former burglar probed social media to determine when their victims were away, by looking for photos suggesting a

1590:

Many social networking organizations have responded to the criticism and concerns over privacy brought up over time. It is claimed that changes to default settings, the storage of data and sharing with third parties have all been updated and corrected in the light of criticism, and/or legal

1412:

Twitter's privacy policy states that information is collected through their different web sites, application, SMS, services, APIs, and other third parties. When the user uses Twitter's service they consent to the collection, transfer, storage, manipulation, disclosure, and other uses of this

1231:

Facebook recently updated its profile format allowing for people who are not "friends" of others to view personal information about other users, even when the profile is set to private. However, As of January 18, 2011 Facebook changed its decision to make home addresses and telephone numbers

954:

Foursquare, Facebook, Loopt are application which allow users to check- in and these capabilities allows a user to share their current location information to their connection. Some of them even update their travel plans on social networking applications. However, the disclosure of location

752:

Some applications are explicitly centered on "cyber stalking." An application named "Creepy" can track a person's location on a map using photos uploaded to Twitter or Flickr. When a person uploads photos to a social networking site, others are able to track their most recent location. Some

134:

concerning storing, re-purposing, provision to third parties, and displaying of information pertaining to oneself via the Internet. Social network security and privacy issues result from the large amounts of information these sites process each day. Features that invite users to participate

1176:

Read the social networking site's fine prints. Many sites push its users to agree to terms that are best for the sites—not the users. Users should be aware about the terms in case of emergencies. Exactly how to read the terms are explained above at "Reading a Privacy Statement in Terms and

640:

Libraries in the particular, being concerned with the privacy of individuals, have debated on allowing library patrons to access social networking sites on public library computers. While only 19% of librarians reportedly express real concern over social networking privacy, they have been

980:

Data outsourcing has been proven to be consistently exploited since the emergence of SNSs. Employers have often been found to hire individuals or companies to search deep into the SNSs user database to find "less than pleasant" information regarding applicants during the review process.

863:

Social networks are designed for individuals to socially interact with other people over the Internet. However, some individuals engage in undesirable online social behaviors, which negatively impacts other people's online experiences. It has created a wide range of online interpersonal

1591:

challenges. However, many critics remain unsatisfied, noting that fundamental changes to privacy settings in many social networking sites remain minor and at times, inaccessible, and argue that social networking companies prefer to criticize users rather than adapt their policies.

388:

What happened was “Facebook allowed a third-party developer to engineer an application for the sole purpose of gathering data. And the developer was able to exploit a loophole to gather information on not only people who used the app but all their friends — without them knowing.”

604:

Studies have also pointed to most social networks unintentionally providing third party advertising and tracking sites with personal information. It raises the issue of private information inadvertently being sent to third party advertising sites via Referrer strings or cookies.

5285:

Meeder, B., Tam, J., Kelley, P., G., & Cranor, L., F. (2010). RT@ I Want Privacy: Widespread Violation of Privacy Settings in the Twitter Social Network. Unpublished manuscript, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Retrieved from

3173:

Chai S, Bagchi-Sen S, Morrell C, Rao H, Upadhyaya S. Internet and online information privacy: An exploratory study of preteens and early teens. IEEE Transactions On Professional Communication . June 2009;52(2):167–182. Available from: PsycINFO, Ipswich, MA. Accessed February 6,

1544:

released a report ranking Snapchat along with ten other leading social media applications, including Facebook, iMessage, FaceTime, and Skype on how well they protect users’ privacy. The report assessed Snapchat's use of encryption and found that it ranks poorly in how it uses

265:

For sites that do encourage information disclosure, it has been noted that a majority of the users have no trouble disclosing their personal information to a large group of people. In 2005, a study was performed to analyze data of 540 Facebook profiles of students enrolled at

1299:

accusing the app of listening in on its users through their smartphone's microphone in order to gather information for advertisers. These rumors have been proven to be false as well as impossible. For one, because it does not have a specific buzzword to listen for like the

509:"No agency shall disclose any record which is contained in a system of records by any means of communication to any person, or to another agency, except pursuant to a written request by, or with the prior written consent of, the individual to whom the record pertains ." 972:

locations". One main concern about privacy agreements are the length, because they take a lot of time to fully read and understand. Most privacy agreements state the most important information at the end because it is assumed that people will not read it completely.

195:

was on a first date with an online acquaintance and later sued for sexual harassment after her date tried to play out some of the sexual fantasies they had discussed while online. This is just an early example of many more issues to come regarding internet privacy.

262:“According to research conducted by the Boston Consulting Group, privacy of personal data is a top issue for 76 percent of global consumers and 83 percent of U.S. consumers.” Six-in-ten Americans (61%) have said they would like to do more to protect their privacy. 5734:

Young, Danielle. "Now You See it Now You Don't...or Do You? Snapchat's Deceptive Promotion of Vanishing Messages Violates Federal Trade Commission Regulations." The John Marshall Journal of Information Technology and Privacy Law. 30.4 (2014): 1-25. Web.

5465:

749:

is a criminal offense that comes into play under state anti-stalking laws, slander laws, and harassment laws. A cyberstalking conviction can result in a restraining order, probation, or even criminal penalties against the assailant, including jail.

520:

falls on the individual to prove that a wrongful disclosure, or disclosure in general, has occurred. Because of this social networking sites such as Facebook ask for permission when a third-party application is requesting the user's information.

1179:

Make sure the social networking site is safe before sharing information. Users shouldn't be sharing information if they don't know who are using the websites since their personally identifiable information could be exposed to other users of the

1287:

A leaked document from Facebook has revealed that the company was able to identify "insecure, worthless, stressed or defeated" emotions, especially in teenagers, and then proceeded to inform advertisers. While similar issues have arisen in the

1053:

parties. Facebook has attracted attention over its policies regarding data storage, such as making it difficult to delete an account, holding onto data after an account is de-activated and being caught sharing personal data with third parties.

833:

Most employers wouldn't dream of following their staff down the pub to see if they were sounding off about work to their friends," he said. "Just because snooping on personal conversations is possible these days, it doesn't make it healthy."

1519:

of Snapchat, “Experts recommend that parents stay aware of updates to apps like Snapchat. They also suggest parents make sure they know who their kids' friends are on Snapchat and also talk to their children about who they add on Snapchat.”

479:'s speech about Tracking our online trackers, when he used the internet to find an answer to a question, "We are not even 2 bites into breakfast and there are already nearly 25 sites that are tracking me", and he was navigated by 4 of them. 1193:

Install Anti-virus software. Others would be able to use viruses and other ways to invade a user's computer if he or she installed something unsafe. Use devices that can disable camera, microphone, which mostly used for privacy invasion.

817:

employees’ social media sites when those sites are not fully public. (The states that have passed these laws are Arkansas, California, Colorado, Illinois, Maryland, Michigan, New Jersey, New Mexico, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, and Washington.)

299:

referred, "trust is defined in (Mayer, Davis, and Schoorman, 1995) as "the willingness of a party to be vulnerable to the actions of another party based on the expectation that the other will perform a particular action important to the

1445:

who was denied her teaching degree because of an allegedly unprofessional photo posted on MySpace, which involved her drinking with a pirate's hat on and a caption of "Drunken Pirate". As a substitute, she was given an English degree.

4570: 1413:

information. In order to create a Twitter account, one must give a name, username, password, and email address. Any other information added to one's profile is completely voluntary. Twitter's servers automatically record data such as

250:

telephone number(s). Some sites also allow users to provide more information about themselves such as interests, hobbies, favorite books or films, and even relationship status. However, there are other social network sites, such as

1506:

the option of sharing your content through a Live Story, you are providing to the company "unrestricted, worldwide, perpetual right and license to use your name, likeness, and voice in any and all media and distribution channels."

5320: 1817: 1790: 3266:

Madden, Mary, Amanda Lenhart, Sandra Cortesi, Urs Gasser, Maeve Duggan, Aaron Smith, and Meredith Beaton. "Teens, Social Media, and Privacy." Pew Research Center: Internet, Science & Tech. N.p., 21 May 2013. Web. 23 February

5425: 1417:, browser type, the referring domain, pages visited, mobile carrier, device and application IDS, and search terms. Any common account identifiers such as full IP address or username will be removed or deleted after 18 months. 471:

method, whether a user is a potential follower of Starbucks can be predicted. In that case, it is possible to improve the quality and coverage of applications. In addition, user profiles can be used to identify similar users.

225:

private information to become public so their sites can operate. They require people to share and connect with each other. This may not necessarily be a bad thing; however, one must be aware of the privacy concerns. Even with

915:, Dunami, and SocioSpyder (to name just a few) are being purchased in droves by Fortune 500 companies, politicians, law enforcement, federal agencies, defense contractors, and the military. Even the CIA has a venture fund, 5318:

Mao, H., Shuai, X., & Kapadia, Apu. (2011). Loose Tweets: An Analysis of Privacy Leaks on Twitter. Unpublished manuscript, School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana. Retrieved from

5272:

331:

Studies have also shown that privacy literacy plays a role in enhancing use of privacy protective measures and people that are concerned about privacy were less likely to online services and share personal information.

2864:

Balachander Krishnamurthy and Craig Wills, "On the Leakage of Personally Identifiable Information Via Online Social Networks," Proceedings of ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Online Social Networks, August 2009. Retrieved from

204:, due to "stalking of minors, bullying, and privacy issues", which inevitably led to the adoption of "age requirements and other safety measures". It is very common in society now for events such as stalking and " 139:

applications and other applications are often the venues for others to gain access to a user's private information. In addition, the technologies needed to deal with user's information may intrude their privacy.

1594:

There are suggestions for individuals to obtain privacy by reducing or ending their own use of social media. This method does not succeed, since their information is still revealed by posts from their friends.

899:

to personal information that can be valuable to law enforcement. Police departments have reported using social media websites to assist in investigations, locate and track suspects, and monitor gang activity.

1167:

Full names and addresses are typically considered personal information. Children's safety may be compromised if their parents post their whereabouts in a site where others know who their real identities are.

592:

Social profiling allows for Facebook and other social networking media websites of filtering through the advertisements, assigning specific ones to specific age groups, gender groups, and even ethnicities.

1731:

Dwyer, C., Hiltz, S. & Passerini, K. (2007). Trust and Privacy Concern within Social Networking Sites: A Comparison of Facebook and MySpace. Americas Conference on Information Systems. Retrieved from

3419: 3783: 1165:

Logging off after every session can help protect account security. It is dangerous to keep your device logged on since others may have access to your social profiles while you are not paying attention.

5698: 4294:

Tantawy, Rasha Y.; Farouk, Ziad; Mohamed, Shereen; Yousef, Ahmed H. (2014-10-06). "Using Professional Social Networking as an Innovative Method for Data Extraction: The ICT Alumni Index Case Study".

4574: 3832:

Henson, Bill; Reynes W. Reyns; Bonnie S. Fisher (3 March 2011). "Security in the 21st century: examining the link between online social network activity, privacy, and interpersonal victimization".

2990: 6078: 5321:

http://delivery.acm.org/10.1145/2050000/2046558/p1-mao.pdf?ip=129.210.115.8&acc=ACTIVE%20SERVICE&CFID=83500791&CFTOKEN=13963530&__acm__=1328588779_85d65fafbc540969d885ea6c8fe0467f

2852:

Balachander Krishnamurthy, Konstantin Naryshkin, Craig Wills, "Privacy leakage vs. Protection measures: the growing disconnect," Web 2.0 Security and Privacy Workshop, May 2011. Retrieved from

5841: 1191:

Encrypt devices. Users should use complex passwords on their computers and cell phones and change them from time to time. This will protect users' information in case these devices are stolen.

1206:(2) Clicking on links. Many links which looks attractive like gift cards are specially designed by malicious users. Clicking on these links may result in losing personal information or money. 353:

Nearly all of the most popular applications on Facebook—including Farmville, Causes, and Quiz Planet—have been sharing users' information with advertising and tracking companies. Even though

2840:

Danesh Irani, Steve Webb, Calton Pu, Kang Li, "Modeling Unintended Personal-Information Leakage from Multiple Online Social Networks," IEEE Internet Computing, May–June 2011. Retrieved from

5357: 1748: 6187: 3045: 1404:

In January 2011, the US government obtained a court order to force the social networking site, Twitter, to reveal information applicable surrounding certain subscribers involved in the

3739: 1292:, this continues to make individuals’ emotional states seem more like a commodity. They are able to target certain age groups depending on the time that their advertisements appear. 3703: 314:

was indicative of following as reasons for lack of user awareness: 1) People's disregard of privacy risks due to trust in privacy and protection offered on social networking sites.

561:

5. If the third party explicitly informs the individual that the information collected will serve only as a form of "statistical research" and is not "individually identifiable".

345:

and downloads through email, messages, and other communications. Social media has opened up an entirely new realm for hackers to get information from normal posts and messages.

4106: 3183:

Feng Y., Xie, W. Teens' concern for privacy when using social networking sites: An analysis of socialization agents and relationships with privacy setting options on Facebook"

851:

vacation. Instagram posts showing expensive new products have been used by theives to find victims, along with posts featuring new homes showing their address. A survey in the

1764: 5808: 4504: 646: 6182: 3077: 2810:

Yao, M.Z., &Zhang, J. (2008). Predicting user concerns about online privacy in Hong Kong. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 11(6). 779–781. Dio:10.1089/cpb.2007.0252

3797: 3484: 237:

have positive effects; however, this also raises many concerns about privacy. Information can be posted about a person that they do not want getting out. In the book

2515: 4884: 1924: 6232: 5975: 5075: 5034: 4939: 1204:(1) Adding a new friend. Facebook reports 8.7% of its total profiles are fake. A user should be sure about who the person is before adding it as a new friend. 5842:

http://www.shepwedd.co.uk/knowledge/article/1095-2831/facebook-amend-privacy-settings-following-an-unpleasant-poke-from-eu-privacy-protectors/archive/?page=1

1996:

Dienlin, Tobias; Trepte, Sabine (2015-04-01). "Is the privacy paradox a relic of the past? An in-depth analysis of privacy attitudes and privacy behaviors".

362:, used to keep children safe from identity theft while using the internet. Most recently, Facebook has been scrutinized for the collection of users' data by 56: 5690: 5243: 1049:

companies when there is a change in their policies. They always inform users about new updates, but it is difficult to get information about these changes.

6247: 6128: 3629: 3025: 1890: 5723: 2987: 927:

The idea of the 'mob rule' can be described as a situation in which control is held by those outside the conventional or lawful realm. In response to the

3617: 4916: 3332: 6459: 1239:

first 36 hours and the app being downloaded 40,000 times. Before the app was blocked, it had more than 3.6 million downloads and 9,000 Facebook likes.

826:

liberties groups and trade unions on the invasive approach adopted by many employers. In response to the Kimberley Swann case, Brendan Barber, of the

155:. Web 2.0 is the system that facilitates participatory information sharing and collaboration on the Internet, in social networking media websites like 4064: 2974:

Fernandez, P. 2009. Online Social Networking Sites and Privacy: Revisiting Ethical Considerations for a New Generation of Technology. . Available at:

6167: 5866: 5853: 5747:

Burnham, Kristin. "5 Ways Snapchat Violated Your Privacy, Security - InformationWeek." InformationWeek. 5 September 2014. Web. 29 February 2016. <

3654: 2415: 233:

found that "60% of teenage Facebook users have private profiles.” This proves that privacy is definitely something that people still wish to obtain.

4091: 6424: 6252: 3755: 3562: 2085: 886: 460:, make use of users' information to recommend items for users. Recommendations are based on at least prior purchases, shopping cart, and wishlist. 392:

In 2020, critics praised Apple and Google for their contact tracing API that had technical specifications that were conscious of privacy concerns.

168: 5361: 3704:

http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/UK-News/Facebook-Sacking-Kimberley-Swann-From-Clacton-Essex-Sacked-For-Calling-Job-Boring/Article/200902415230508

3593: 3431: 5773:

Paul, Ian. "Snapchat Clarifies Privacy Policies after Terms of Service Change Freaks out Users." PCWorld. 2 November 2015. Web. 28 February 2016.

4840: 1463: 307:

to understand the development of relationships in the online social environment and the reasons for differences in behavior on different sites."

3021:

Gross, R. and Acquisti, A. 2005. Information Revelation and Privacy in Online Social Networking Sites (The Facebook Case).. p. 8. Available at:

1441:

wrote an article on April 27, 2007, entitled "A MySpace Photo Costs a Student a Teaching Certificate" about Stacy Snyder. She was a student of

5748: 3525: 1745: 792:

Issues relating to privacy and employment are becoming a concern with regards to social networking sites. As of 2008, it has been estimated by

5212: 4678: 3053: 6118: 3769: 3736: 1632: 385: 5667: 4337: 1157:

behavior and forgoing the necessary antivirus and anti spyware programs to defend against breaches of private information via the internet.

510: 487:

Studies have shown that people's belief in the right to privacy is the most pivotal predictor in their attitudes concerning online privacy.

183:

Before social networking sites exploded over the past decade, there were earlier forms of social networking that dated back to 1997 such as

6197: 3630:"Illinois Becomes Second State to Prohibit Employers from Requiring Access to Employees' and Prospective Employees' Social Media Web Sites" 39: 3150: 5532: 1733: 1263:. This feature includes the software to identify photos that users are tagged in by developing a template based on one's facial features. 359: 5760:

Osborne, Charlie. "FTC Finalizes Charges against Snapchat over User Privacy | ZDNet." ZDNet. 2 January 2015. Web. 29 February 2016. <

5609: 2557: 2446: 2986:

McMenemy, D. 2008. Internet access in UK public libraries: notes and queries from a small scale study . Library Review . Available at:

2339: 1707: 576:

10. If such information is requested by the head of the Government Accountability Office or by one "of his authorized representatives".

545: 5406: 3281:

Wexler, Evan, and Cecily Taylor. "What Are Teens Doing Online?" PBS. Public Broadcasting Service, 18 February 2014. Web. 1 March 2017.

2262:

Majid, Abdul (4 April 2013). "A Context-Aware Personalized Travel Recommendation System Based on Grotagged Social Media Data Mining".

3513: 822: 681:

Full names including middle name, date of birth, hometown, relationship status, residential information, other hobbies and interest.

624:

A number of institutions have expressed concern over the lack of privacy granted to users on social networking sites. These include

5937: 4508: 4361: 3982: 1772: 6207: 6123: 6113: 2573:"Blind-sided by privacy? Digital contact tracing, the Apple/Google API and big tech's newfound role as global health policy makers" 928: 4420:

Bubaš, Goran; Orehovacki, Tihomir; Konecki, Mario (April 2008). "Factors and Predictors of Online Security and Privacy Behavior".

3947: 3358: 340:

There are several ways for third parties to access user information. Flickr is an example of a social media website that provides

1442: 1055:

This section explains how to read the privacy statement in terms and conditions while signing up for any social networking site.

384:

There have however been some concerns with API because of the recent scandal between Facebook and the political consulting firm,

5722:"Snapchat Settles FTC Charges That Promises of Disappearing Messages Were False." FTC May 8, 2014. Retrieved February 29, 2016. 5166:

Thompson, C. (May 28, 2015). Social media apps are tracking your location in shocking detail. Retrieved February 21, 2017, from

5222:

Davis, W. (February 17, 2011). Spokeo charged with violating fair credit reporting act. MediaPost Publications. Retrieved from

3903: 3124: 806: 5263:"Twitter Privacy Policy" Twitter, effective June 23, 2011, retrieved February 13, 2012. retrieved from www.twitter.com/privacy 5254:"Twitter Privacy policy" Twitter, effective June 23, 2011, Retrieved February 13, 2012. Retrieved from www.twitter.com/privacy 2248:

Baruh, Lemi, Ekin Secinti, and Zeynep Cemalcilar. "Online privacy concerns and privacy management: A meta-analytical review."

6439: 5332: 5288: 4191: 3881: 3074: 2148: 1335: 5242:(1/8/11) Government Requests For Twitter Users' Personal Information Raises Serious Constitutional Concerns. Retrieved from 6262: 6068: 5581: 3492: 2654:

Furini, Marco (2014). "Location privacy and public metadata in social media platforms: attitudes, behaviors and opinions".

2629: 1744:

Tracy Mitrano. (November–December 2006). A Wider World: Youth, Privacy, and Social Networking Technologies. Retrieved from

5761: 5182: 1115: 1108: 1012: 1005: 6611: 6419: 6227: 6217: 6177: 5244:

https://www.aclu.org/technology-and-liberty/government-requests-twitter-users-personal-information-raise-serious-constitu

4892: 4865: 2975: 5031: 3257:

Murphy, Kate. "We Want Privacy, but Can't Stop Sharing." Sunday Review. The New York Times Company, 4 October 2014. Web.

3106: 6159: 6133: 6093: 5724:

https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/press-releases/2014/05/snapchat-settles-ftc-charges-promises-disappearing-messages-were

5194: 5006: 2988:

http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?issn=0024-2535&volume=57&issue=7&articleid=1740622&show=html

2181: 583: 221: 5888: 4766: 3418:

Randall, D. and Richards, V. Facebook can ruin your life. And so can Myspace, Bebo…. The Independent . Available at:

1208:(3) Think twice about posting revealing photos. A revealing photo could attract the attention of potential criminals. 6336: 6257: 6242: 6138: 6002: 5852:

Saint, N. 2010. Facebook's Response to Privacy Concerns: "If you're not Comfortable Sharing, Don't". . Available at:

3811: 3618:

http://www.techrepublic.com/blog/career/employers-who-check-out-job-candidates-on-myspace-could-be-legally-liable/338

2773: 2389: 2314: 1862: 374: 5226: 4032: 3107:"Bogomil Shopov, Bulgarian Tech Consultant: 1 Million Users' Private Facebook Data Available Online For $ 5 (VIDEO)" 1392:

Spokeo has been faced with potential class action lawsuits from people who claim that the organization breaches the

6025: 429:. Often the whole email address can be derived from this hint and phone digits can be compared with known numbers. 5854:

http://www.businessinsider.com/facebooks-response-to-privacy-concerns-if-youre-not-comfortable-sharing-dont-2010-5

5638: 5560: 4395: 3006: 1854: 452:, Twitter can recommend some topics and advertisements. Twitter's suggestions for whom to follow are done by this 6212: 6143: 6108: 3073:

myID.com. 2011. Social Network Profiles Help Identity Thieves Guess Your Social Security Number. . Available at:

2100: 677: 5736: 5467: 5167: 4448: 4225: 3022: 1887: 6621: 6434: 6414: 6368: 6331: 6237: 6192: 5450: 4465: 404:

sites which may obtain personal information or are laden with viruses. Furthermore, some search engines, like

318:

3) APIs and Frameworks also enable any user, who has the fair amount of knowledge to extract the user's data.

6341: 6172: 6147: 4913: 4252:"The Benefits of Facebook "Friends:" Social Capital and College Students' Use of Online Social Network Sites" 5749:

http://www.informationweek.com/software/social/5-ways-snapchat-violated-your-privacy-security/d/d-id/1251175

3616:

Bowers, T. 2008. Employers who check out job candidates on MySpace could be legally liable. . Available at:

2746:

Pennacchiotti, Marco; Popescu, Ana-Maria (2011-08-21). "Democrats, republicans and starbucks afficionados".

2416:"Dangerous Classroom App -Titude: Protecting Student Privacy from Third-Party Educational Service Providers" 2174:

What is privacy? : investigating the meaning of privacy in Facebook and the social consequences of this

1746:

http://www.educause.edu/EDUCAUSE+Review/EDUCAUSEReviewMagazineVolume41/AWiderWorldYouthPrivacyandSoci/158095

658: 6202: 1222: 642: 45: 4815: 3737:

http://www.opportunitypeterborough.co.uk/bondholder/events/the-employment-law-dangers-of-social-networking

3679: 2797: 1462:

have attempted to introduce various forms of privacy protection into their networks, while companies like

6222: 4964: 1434:

these sites. Teachers can face consequences of license revocations, suspensions, and written reprimands.

1289: 1260: 426: 363: 3566: 3551:

EPIC – In re Facebook. (n.d.). EPIC – Electronic Privacy Information Center. Retrieved January 25, 2011/

3235: 3005:

Smith, C. 2011. Facebook Removes 20, 000 Underage Users Every Day. The Huffington Post. . Available at:

1972: 1844: 813:

in May 2012, which prohibit employers from requiring access to their employees' social media web sites.

283: 274: 6576: 3435: 2038:""Not all my friends need to know": a qualitative study of teenage patients, privacy, and social media" 311: 267: 4092:"Why Government Use of Social Media Monitoring Software Is a Direct Threat to Our Liberty and Privacy" 3968:

Harkins, Gina. (March 2, 2011). Cops patrol social networking sites for gang activity. Retrieved from

3512:

Malone, S. 2005. CLARIFICATION: AOL Instant messenger users 'waive right to privacy'. . Available at:

3094: 2841: 1734:

http://google.com/?q=cache:qLCk18d_wZwJ:scholar.google.com/+facebook+privacy&hl=en&as_sdt=2000

6616: 6606: 6454: 6398: 6378: 6103: 6063: 5211:

Baynes, T. (February 24, 2011). Lawsuits challenge U.S. online data brokers. Reuters. Retrieved from

4479: 1647: 1459: 1393: 969: 847: 500: 167:, location disclosure, social profiling, third party personal information disclosure, and government 80: 5965: 5479: 3456: 2823: 2756: 2131: 551:

3. If the information that is disclosed "is compatible with the purpose for which it was collected".

5913: 4790: 1642: 721: 400: 4748: 4126:"Privacy in location-based social networks: Researching the interrelatedness of scripts and usage" 3969: 3514:

http://www.pcpro.co.uk/news/70262/clarification-aol-instant-messenger-users-waive-right-to-privacy

2748:

Proceedings of the 17th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining

1084:

The answers to these questions will give an indication of how safe the social networking site is.

601:

identified and measured information that could be used in attacks against what-you-know security.

564:

6. If it is historically relevant to be added to the National Archives and Records Administration.

6449: 6444: 6316: 6098: 5833: 4622: 4595: 4315: 1949: 1907: 1652: 5181:

Neal, T. (July 27, 2015). Mining Big Data, the Instagram Way. Retrieved February 22, 2017, from

4705:"Breakup Notifier Emails You When People You're Stalking On Facebook Change Their Relationships" 3291:

Debatin, Bernhard; Lovejoy, Jennette P.; Horn, Ann-Kathrin; Hughes, Brittany N. (October 2009).

2721: 2700: 2101:"Trust and Privacy Concern Within Social Networking Sites: A Comparison of Facebook and MySpace" 1202:

The users' privacy may be threatened by any actions. Following actions needs special attention.

6490: 6088: 6083: 6030: 4125: 2751: 2126: 1612: 669: 76: 3735:

Roythornes Solicitors. 2011. The employment law dangers of Social Networking. . Available at:

6469: 6040: 5995: 5384: 5274: 5143:

Newell, B (2011). "Rethinking Reasonable Expectations of Privacy in Online Social Networks".

4362:"Social Networking Privacy: How to be Safe, Secure and Social - Privacy Rights Clearinghouse" 3046:"Social Networking Privacy: How to be Safe, Secure and Social - Privacy Rights Clearinghouse" 2079: 1850: 1617: 1550: 1541: 1265:

What is the face recognition setting on Facebook and how does it work? | Facebook Help Center

827: 703: 453: 1791:"Why We Share: A Uses and Gratifications Approach to Privacy Regulation in Social Media Use" 1711: 573:

9. If such information is requested by the House of Congress or by one of its subcommittees.

425:

Many large platforms reveal a part of a user's email address or phone number when using the

286:. This study in particular looked at teenagers with mental illness and how they interact on 6288: 6073: 4171: 2271: 810: 668:

As there is so much information provided other things can be deduced, such as the person's

51: 5289:"RT @IWantPrivacy: Widespread Violation of Privacy Settings in the Twitter Social Network" 4369: 3075:

http://www.myid.com/social-network-profiles-help-thieves-guess-your-social-security-number

8: 6505: 6373: 6358: 6308: 6045: 5453:, Blizzard announces reversal of its decision to force real names to appear on its forums 3986: 1818:"Sharing Privately: The Effect Publication on Social Media Has on Expectation of Privacy" 1627: 524: 496: 230: 119: 33: 4841:"Commerce Department Releases Important Report Urging Comprehensive Privacy Protections" 4175: 3980:

Taghi, Hasti. (February 10, 2011). Police Use Facebook To Track Suspect. Retrieved from

3209:"Exploring Motivations for Online Privacy Protection Behavior: Insights From Panel Data" 3207:

Boerman, Sophie C.; Kruikemeier, Sanne; Zuiderveen Borgesius, Frederik J. (2018-10-05).

3093:

MSNBC. 2011. Kids' pictures on Facebook exposes them to identity theft. . Available at:

2275: 6545: 5762:

https://www.zdnet.com/article/ftc-finalizes-charges-against-snapchat-over-user-privacy/

4653:"Crush-Stalking App Breakup Notifier Amasses Over 3.6M Users, Is Shut Down By Facebook" 4295: 4148: 4123: 3849: 3406:

Facebook Help Center. 2011. How can I report a convicted sex offender? . Available at:

2947: 2914: 2779: 2681: 2605: 2538: 2287: 2154: 2062: 2037: 1305: 613: 570:

8. If such information is deemed beneficial to the "health or safety of an individual".

464:

is a data mining technique that used to understand the purchase behavior of customers.

136: 115: 5837: 2976:

http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1250&context=libphilprac

2866: 2853: 1119: 1016: 212:

grow. A majority of the United States population uses some sort of social media site.

6515: 6298: 5128: 5111: 5083: 5032:

http://www.miller-mccune.com/culture-society/on-facebook-you-are-who-you-know-10385/#

4652: 4547: 4273: 4268: 4251: 4187: 4040: 3877: 3853: 3457:"Peter Chapman, Sex Offender, Admits Rape And Murder Of Teen He Ensnared On Facebook" 3314: 3309: 3292: 3240: 2952: 2934: 2769: 2610: 2592: 2320: 2310: 2231: 2226: 2209: 2187: 2177: 2144: 2067: 2013: 1883: 1858: 932: 793: 461: 6585: 4152: 2783: 2685: 2542: 2158: 935:

in the United Kingdom, a report was written to enact new media privacy regulations.

6563: 6429: 6388: 6326: 6278: 6035: 5988: 5565: 5123: 5050: 4539: 4263: 4179: 4166:

Zhan, Justin; Fang, Xing (2011). "Location Privacy Protection on Social Networks".

4140: 3873:

I Know Who You Are and I Saw What You Did: Social Networks and the Death of Privacy

3841: 3304: 3230: 3220: 2942: 2926: 2761: 2671: 2663: 2600: 2584: 2530: 2291: 2279: 2221: 2136: 2057: 2049: 2005: 1681: 1235: 555: 468: 442: 226: 152: 148: 111: 5336: 5295: 4144: 1389:

internet or in other public records, but the website does not guarantee accuracy.

6590: 6293: 6283: 5230: 5038: 5030:

Erik Hayden. (March 11, 2010). On Facebook, You Are Who You Know. Retrieved from

4920: 4543: 4183: 3871: 3743: 3715: 3081: 3029: 2994: 2534: 2283: 1894: 1752: 1686: 1673: 939: 716: 5112:"Facebook and Online Privacy: Attitudes, Behaviors, and Unintended Consequences" 5076:"Facebook Tinkers With Users' Emotions in News Feed Experiment, Stirring Outcry" 3293:"Facebook and Online Privacy: Attitudes, Behaviors, and Unintended Consequences" 2701:"Enable This Setting So People Can't Guess Your Email Address from Your Twitter" 2053: 1264: 6530: 6510: 6383: 4704: 2588: 2558:"The Facebook and Cambridge Analytica scandal, explained with a simple diagram" 2464: 852: 809:, and the Password Protection Act of 2012 (2012 S. 3074) was introduced in the 673: 184: 172: 107: 3770:"Ex-burglars reveal social media posts they use to help them steal your stuff" 3485:"Social Media and Cyber Stalking Facts - Advice and Tips on Staying Protected" 2667: 2489: 2324: 2307:

The Weaponization of Social Media:Spear Phishing and Cyberattacks on Democracy

1882:

Gross, R. and Acquisti, A. 2005. Information Revelation and Privacy in Online

316:

2) Availability of user's personal details to third-party tools/applications.

6600: 6500: 6495: 6393: 6353: 6348: 5737:

http://repository.jmls.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1751&context=jitpl

5468:

http://repository.jmls.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1751&context=jitpl

5168:

http://www.businessinsider.com/three-ways-social-media-is-tracking-you-2015-5

5087: 4277: 4044: 3845: 3798:"Most burglars using Facebook and Twitter to target victims, survey suggests" 3318: 3244: 3225: 3208: 3151:"Jumio BrandVoice: Age Verification: The Fine Line Between Clever And Stupid" 3023:

http://www.heinz.cmu.edu/~acquisti/papers/privacy-facebook-gross-acquisti.pdf

2938: 2596: 2572: 2235: 2191: 2017: 1888:

http://www.heinz.cmu.edu/~acquisti/papers/privacy-facebook-gross-acquisti.pdf

943: 865: 776: 734: 192: 164: 4107:"Lord Justice Leveson calls for new laws to curb 'mob rule' on the internet" 4065:"Federal Plan To Keep Files Of Immigrant Social Media Activity Causes Alarm" 2765: 1515:

connections or to no one at all, which Snapchat refers to as ‘ghost mode.’”

855:

showed that 78% of burglars have used Facebook and Twitter to find victims.

6540: 6321: 5504: 4982: 4551: 4124:

Paulien Coppens; Laurence Claeys; Carina Veeckman & Jo Pierson (2014).

3702:

Sky News. 2009. Sacked for Calling Job Boring on Facebook. . Available at:

3432:"Dangers Of Social Networking Are On The Increase And Everyone Is At Risk!" 3407: 3382: 2956: 2614: 2071: 1365:

of information they collect on users throughout their business operations.

1074:

Will the profile page be completely erased when a user deletes the account?

287: 127: 84: 5867:"New Research Study Shows That Social Media Privacy Might Not Be Possible" 3921: 2900:

Culture Wars in America: An Encyclopedia of Issues, Viewpoints, and Voices

2447:"Here's everything you need to know about the Cambridge Analytica scandal" 6535: 6055: 5223: 3333:"California allows minors to delete social media posts, with 'erase' law" 2676: 2140: 1373: 1301: 780: 758: 476: 438: 5385:"Wired Campus: A MySpace Photo Costs a Student a Teaching Certificate –" 4749:"Study Says Facebook Privacy Concerns Are on the Rise - Is It Accurate?" 2915:"Legal and Ethical Issues Regarding Social Media and Pharmacy Education" 527:

does a lot to limit privacy invasion through third party disclosure, it

441:

technology, users' information can be used in different ways to improve

6520: 4646: 4644: 3756:"Some Burglars Using Social Media to Find Targets, I-Team Survey Shows" 2340:"How to Stop Facebook from Sharing Your Information With Third Parties" 1599: 1546: 1414: 891:

The FBI has dedicated undercover agents on Facebook, Twitter, MySpace,

457: 405: 341: 205: 188: 118:(such as individuals or organizations), sets of dyadic ties, and other 4212: 4033:"U.S. to Collect Social Media Data on All Immigrants Entering Country" 3206: 2930: 2364: 2123:

2009 International Conference on Computational Science and Engineering

2009: 984: 354: 310:

As per reference, a survey conducted among social networking users at

6485: 5783: 5561:"Why you don't need to freak out about Snapchat's new privacy policy" 4617: 4615: 4170:. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 6589. pp. 78–85. 3831: 2208:

Yerby, Johnathan; Koohang, Alex; Paliszkiewicz, Joanna (2019-04-02).

1455: 1405: 1357: 908: 629: 531:

list a series of twelve exceptions that deem disclosure permissible:

251: 92: 4641: 4250:

Ellison, Nicole B.; Steinfield, Charles; Lampe, Cliff (2007-07-01).

1948:

Kelly, S. Identity 'at risk' on Facebook. BBC News. . Available at:

608:

Civil libertarians worry that social networking sites, particularly

4729:

Herrman, John (2012-01-01). "Removing Yourself From the Internet".

2885:

The International Encyclopedia of Digital Communication and Society

2842:

http://www.computer.org/csdl/mags/ic/2011/03/mic2011030013-abs.html

1701: 1699: 1697: 1622: 1570: 1466:

have created software to remove personal information from the net.

1362: 1296: 1077:

Where and how can a user complain in case of any breach in privacy?

916: 912: 892: 740: 609: 156: 100: 88: 5582:"Snapchat's new map feature raises fears of stalking and bullying" 4767:"Understanding Privacy Settings in Facebook with an Audience View" 4612: 4300: 2105:

Association for Information Systems AIS Electronic Library (AISeL)

1087: 1068:

How does changes in the privacy policy be made aware to its users?

6011: 4965:"Facebook Isn't Listening Through Your Phone. It Doesn't Have to" 1637: 625: 567:

7. If such information was requested by a law enforcement agency.

449: 201: 160: 144: 131: 96: 1694: 5533:"Snapchat's new 'scary' privacy policy has left users outraged" 3970:

http://news.medill.northwestern.edu/chicago/news.aspx?id=181375

1385: 1273: 706:” that has been debated around the world over the past decade. 597: 5970: 4338:"Report: Facebook caught sharing secret data with advertisers" 4007: 3594:"One in five employers uses social networks in hiring process" 3359:"Thousands Of MySpace Sex Offender Refugees Found On Facebook" 1950:

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/click_online/7375772.stm

1473: 490: 6525: 4168:

Social Computing, Behavioral-Cultural Modeling and Prediction

1151: 5838:

Facebook amend privacy settings following an unpleasant poke

2120: 647:

Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals

293: 6464: 5358:"Related Top News – Teachers warned about MySpace profiles" 2098: 1131: 1028: 907:

growing industry. SMMS “products like XI Social Discovery,

579:

11. If such information is requested through a court order.

5980: 5668:"SNAPCHAT, SKYPE AMONG APPS NOT PROTECTING USERS' PRIVACY" 5275:

http://delivery.acm.org/10.1145/2050000/2046558/p1-mao.pdf

4293: 2818: 2816: 1784: 1782: 1197: 1123: 1020: 320:

4) Cross-site forgery and other possible website threats.

5610:"Snapchat's new Snap Map feature raises privacy concerns" 4679:"'Creepy' app spies on your Facebook relationship status" 3655:"State Laws Ban Access to Workers' Social Media Accounts" 2264:

International Journal of Geographical Information Science

2207: 2036:

Van der Velden, El Emam, Maja, Khaled (January 1, 2013).

1065:

What happens to the data when the user account is closed?

745: 5109: 3904:"Social media research raises privacy and ethics issues" 3901: 3290: 2630:"5 Alternative Search Engines That Respect Your Privacy" 1127: 1024: 880: 5691:"Snapchat tops Facebook and Twitter for online privacy" 5461: 5459: 5110:

Debatin, B.; Horn, A.; Hughes, B.; Lovejoy, J. (2009).

4791:"Visual Guide To Facebook's Privacy Changes (PICTURES)" 4565: 4563: 4561: 4396:"Social Media Security – 5 Security Tips | Norton" 3526:"Creepy or Convenient? Apps for Tracking, Keeping Tabs" 2813: 2042:

Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association

2035: 1779: 558:

needs such information to complete a particular census.

83:

have expanded exponentially, with the biggest names in

4530:

Gaggioli, Andrea (2 February 2016). "Cybersightings".

4449:"5 ways social media users can protect online privacy" 4419: 4249: 1491: 541:

such information "in the performance of their duties".

6574: 2390:"Facebook Secretly Sold Your Identity to Advertisers" 1846:

It's Complicated: The Social Lives of Networked Teens

1576: 5889:"What Is A "Reasonable Link" Under CCPA? | Lexology" 5456: 5444: 5407:"Privacy Isn't Dead With Millennials, It's Thriving" 5105: 5103: 4558: 3277: 3275: 3273: 3040: 3038: 2745: 2420:

Brigham Young University Education & Law Journal

1549:

to protect users’ security as a result of not using

1535: 1071:

The location of the privacy policy that is effective

244: 5639:"Privacy Panic? Snapchat Spectacles raise eyebrows" 3784:"How do Burglars Use Social Media to Find Targets?" 2867:

http://www.research.att.com/~bala/papers/wosn09.pdf

2854:

http://www.research.att.com/~bala/papers/w2sp11.pdf

1925:"How Americans feel about social media and privacy" 1295:Recently, there have been allegations made against 985:

Reading a privacy statement in terms and conditions

31:It has been suggested that this article should be 6460:International Association of Privacy Professionals 4816:"7 Controversial Ways Facebook Has Used Your Data" 4460: 4458: 4422:Journal of Information and Organizational Sciences 4211:Facebook's Privacy Policy. (2010). Retrieved from 2465:"Australia sues Facebook over Cambridge Analytica" 1674:"Ethical Issues Concerning Online Social Networks" 5966:Data Protection and Freedom of Information Advice 5100: 4532:Cyberpsychology, Behavior & Social Networking 3680:"Privacy and Social Media | Business Law Section" 3270: 3129:Pew Research Center: Internet, Science & Tech 3035: 1970: 1509: 582:12. If such information is requested through the 6598: 6425:Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility 5051:"Editorial Expression of Concern and Correction" 4863: 4207: 4205: 4203: 3812:"Burglars use social media to find next victims" 3560:Bennet, J. n.d. Internet Memes. . Available at: 3547: 3545: 3479: 3477: 3125:"1. Teens and their experiences on social media" 2516:"Using APIs for Data Collection on Social Media" 2210:"Social media privacy concerns and risk beliefs" 1973:"Why We're So Hypocritical About Online Privacy" 1886:Sites (The Facebook Case).. p. 2. Available at: 1797:. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media 1080:For how long is the personal information stored? 887:Use of social network websites in investigations 360:Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) 220:There are several causes that contribute to the 169:use of social network websites in investigations 124:Privacy concerns with social networking services 5809:"Here are some of WhatsApp's upcoming features" 4480:"Tips for protecting your social media privacy" 4455: 1088:Key points to protect social networking privacy 684: 420: 4390: 4388: 4386: 3865: 3863: 2883:van Leeuwen, M (2015). "Social Media Ethics". 2214:Online Journal of Applied Knowledge Management 958: 348: 5996: 5938:"IP Addresses No Longer Protected in Alberta" 4866:"1.5 Million Stolen Facebook IDs up for Sale" 4200: 3587: 3585: 3583: 3542: 3474: 1995: 1633:Issues relating to social networking services 1479:was made in response to subscriber feedback. 1183:networking site that they might have to use. 5886: 5840:from EU privacy protectors. . Available at: 5233:? fa=Articles.showArticle&art_aid=145270 4940:"Facebook Can Tell When Teens Feel Insecure" 4885:"Do Facebook Friends Influence Advertising?" 4722: 4600:EPIC - Electronic Privacy Information Center 3869: 3236:11245.1/756542cc-4c48-4895-8eef-856daac43803 2970: 2968: 2966: 2919:American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 2116: 2114: 2084:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 1274:Internet privacy and Facebook advertisements 779:after a video of him using a golf club as a 757:information onto the Internet. This form of 130:, involving the right of mandating personal 40:Potential dangers of social networking sites 5976:American Library Association Privacy Ethics 5718: 5716: 5665: 5404: 4923:affiliate confession. Alan, 13 August 2008. 4882: 4383: 3922:"Your new Facebook 'friend' may be the FBI" 3897: 3895: 3893: 3860: 2882: 2176:. Saarbrücken, Germany: Verlag Dr. Müller. 1474:Internet privacy and Blizzard Entertainment 1160: 491:Social profiling and third party disclosure 6003: 5989: 5116:Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 4443: 4441: 4439: 4437: 4435: 4256:Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 3591: 3580: 3297:Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 3017: 3015: 3013: 2913:Cain, Jeff; Fink, Joseph L. (2010-12-15). 2331: 1152:Realize the threats that will always exist 5882: 5880: 5177: 5175: 5127: 4299: 4267: 3902:Sharon Jayson, USA TODAY (8 March 2014). 3827: 3825: 3823: 3821: 3356: 3308: 3234: 3224: 2963: 2946: 2755: 2675: 2604: 2490:"What APIs Are And Why They're Important" 2225: 2130: 2121:Luo, W.; Xie, Q.; Hengartner, U. (2009). 2111: 2061: 1878: 1876: 1874: 1685: 1678:Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 1329: 1320: 437:By using this accessible data along with 294:User awareness in social networking sites 5713: 5666:Elsayed-Ali, Sherif (October 21, 2016). 5162: 5160: 5158: 5007:"Facebook's privacy problems: a roundup" 4962: 4529: 4335: 4165: 4104: 3890: 3104: 2912: 2513: 2444: 2304: 2171: 1971:Chamorro-Premuzic, Tomas (May 1, 2017). 1725: 1671: 1585: 1058:What to look for in the privacy policy: 929:News International phone hacking scandal 5911: 5864: 5604: 5602: 5555: 5553: 4728: 4702: 4650: 4432: 4086: 4084: 3408:http://www.facebook.com/help/?faq=15160 3010: 2627: 1771:. Ebsco Host Connection. Archived from 1705:Harris, Wil. June 2006. Retrieved from 1443:Millersville University of Pennsylvania 1428: 1198:Be careful about taking drastic actions 1109:instructions, advice, or how-to content 1006:instructions, advice, or how-to content 858: 725:popular social networking application. 659:Social networking service § Issues 408:, will not violate the user's privacy. 135:in—messages, invitations, photos, open 6599: 5877: 5661: 5659: 5636: 5632: 5630: 5530: 5526: 5524: 5224:http://www.mediapost.com/publications/ 5172: 5145:Richmond Journal of Law and Technology 5142: 4933: 4931: 4929: 4289: 4287: 3983:"Police Use Facebook To Track Suspect" 3818: 2897: 2653: 2570: 2203: 2201: 2092: 1871: 1526: 807:United States House of Representatives 784:be rapidly transferred between users. 335: 6440:Electronic Privacy Information Center 5984: 5688: 5579: 5505:"Mobile accessories lifestyle guides" 5155: 4937: 4676: 4623:"Facebook Squashes New 'Stalker' App" 4030: 3945: 2878: 2876: 2874: 2824:"Overview of the Privacy Act of 1974" 2722:"About Twitter's account suggestions" 2509: 2507: 2505: 2503: 2413: 2261: 2031: 2029: 2027: 1998:European Journal of Social Psychology 1966: 1964: 1962: 1960: 1958: 1919: 1917: 1598:There is ambiguity about how private 881:Law enforcement prowling the networks 801:could potentially face legal action: 765: 5905: 5858: 5599: 5550: 5382: 5073: 4703:Tsotsis, Alexia (21 February 2011). 4651:Tsotsis, Alexia (23 February 2011). 4466:"How to Protect Your Online Privacy" 4081: 4008:"Help Center - The Arizona Republic" 2387: 2337: 2099:Dwyer, C.; Hiltz, S.; Passerini, K. 1842: 1091: 1062:Who owns the data that a user posts? 988: 942:on the ethics of the British press, 919:, that invests in SMMS technology.” 672:, which can then be used as part of 652: 448:According your retweets, likes, and 432: 17: 6420:Center for Democracy and Technology 5971:Privacy Law and Data Protection Law 5930: 5656: 5637:Lekach, Sasha (November 16, 2016). 5627: 5521: 4926: 4284: 4213:https://www.facebook.com/policy.php 3148: 2698: 2198: 1765:"History of Online Social Networks" 1708:"Why Web 2.0 will end your privacy" 1492:2015 Snapchat privacy policy update 1118:so that it is more encyclopedic or 1015:so that it is more encyclopedic or 949: 709: 482: 13: 5701:from the original on March 6, 2019 5531:French, Sally (November 2, 2015). 5423: 4864:Mcmillan, Robert (22 April 2010). 4133:Journal of Location Based Services 3946:Wolfe, Daniel (October 21, 2009). 3592:Havenstein, Heather (2008-09-12). 2898:Ciment, J (2013). "Social Media". 2871: 2500: 2024: 1955: 1914: 1577:Privacy and security with WhatsApp 1211: 1186: 14: 6633: 5959: 5865:Lindsey, Nicole (February 2019). 4223: 4105:Pearlman, Jonathan (2012-12-07). 3716:"Crew sacked over Facebook posts" 2656:Multimedia Tools and Applications 2577:Ethics and Information Technology 2555: 1815: 1788: 1536:2016 Amnesty International Report 1336:2014 Emotional Manipulation Study 1171: 663: 395: 375:Application programming interface 257: 245:Various levels of privacy offered 6584: 6559: 6558: 6026:Right of access to personal data 5846: 5827: 5801: 5776: 5767: 5754: 5741: 5728: 5689:Elder, Robert (April 28, 2017). 5682: 5573: 5497: 5472: 5417: 5398: 5376: 5350: 5325: 5312: 5279: 5266: 5257: 5248: 5236: 5216: 5205: 5187: 5136: 5129:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2009.01494.x 5067: 5043: 5024: 4999: 4975: 4956: 4907: 4876: 4857: 4833: 4808: 4783: 4759: 4741: 4696: 4670: 4588: 4523: 4497: 4472: 4413: 4354: 4329: 4308: 4269:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00367.x 4243: 4217: 4159: 4117: 4098: 3870:Lori Andrews (10 January 2012). 3310:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2009.01494.x 1096: 993: 619: 537:1. For members of an agency who 411: 22: 5405:Matt Miller (8 November 2012). 5335:. Blogs.sun.com. Archived from 4057: 4024: 4000: 3974: 3962: 3939: 3914: 3804: 3790: 3776: 3762: 3748: 3729: 3708: 3696: 3672: 3647: 3622: 3610: 3554: 3518: 3506: 3449: 3424: 3412: 3400: 3375: 3357:Schonfeld, Erick (2009-02-03). 3350: 3325: 3284: 3260: 3251: 3200: 3190: 3177: 3167: 3142: 3117: 3098: 3087: 3067: 2999: 2980: 2906: 2891: 2858: 2846: 2834: 2804: 2790: 2739: 2714: 2692: 2647: 2621: 2564: 2549: 2482: 2457: 2438: 2407: 2381: 2357: 2298: 2255: 2242: 2165: 1989: 1942: 1900: 1500: 871: 6435:Electronic Frontier Foundation 6415:American Civil Liberties Union 6369:Privacy-enhancing technologies 5887:O'Connor, Cozen (2020-02-14). 5580:Solon, Olivia (23 June 2017). 4963:Martinez, A. (November 2017). 4938:Guynn, Jessica (May 1, 2017). 4914:"Profiting with Facebook Ads." 4845:American Civil Liberties Union 3383:"Internet Safety 101: Dangers" 2798:"tracking our online trackers" 2628:Hoffman, Chris (5 July 2017). 2514:Bechmann, Anja (Summer 2012). 2414:Peddy, Andrea (January 2017). 1908:"We Can't Give Up on Privacy!" 1836: 1809: 1757: 1738: 1665: 1510:Privacy concerns with Snapchat 1449: 1: 4571:"Harvard Business Publishing" 4336:Bangeman, Eric (2010-05-21). 4226:"Invasive Privacy Agreements" 4145:10.1080/17489725.2015.1017015 3105:Grenoble, Ryan (2012-10-26). 2699:Cox, Joseph (15 April 2016). 2338:Read, Max (18 October 2010). 1658: 1439:Chronicle of Higher Education 1317:hackers control of accounts. 787: 427:'forgotten password' function 151:and is a growing concern for 5914:"CCPA Clarity in California" 5912:Coleman, June (2020-02-20). 5451:World of Warcraft forum post 4883:Damon, Cody (9 March 2011). 4544:10.1089/cyber.2015.29023.csi 4184:10.1007/978-3-642-19656-0_12 2571:Sharon, Tamar (2021-11-01). 2535:10.1080/01972243.2014.915276 2445:Meredith, Sam (2018-03-21). 2388:Chen, Adrian (20 May 2010). 2284:10.1080/13658816.2012.696649 2227:10.36965/ojakm.2019.7(1)1-13 1687:10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.08.317 1352: 1223:Privacy concerns of Facebook 685:Preteens and early teenagers 643:American Library Association 635: 596:Data aggregation sites like 421:Email and phone number leaks 46:Privacy concerns of Facebook 7: 6160:Data protection authorities 6010: 4677:Grubb, Ben (1 March 2011). 3185:Computers in Human Behavior 2054:10.1136/amiajnl-2012-000949 1606: 1565: 1482: 1261:facial recognition software 1216: 959:Invasive privacy agreements 922: 841: 728: 632:, and Government agencies. 349:Share it with third parties 171:without the safeguard of a 81:social networking platforms 79:in the early 2000s, online 75:Since the arrival of early 10: 6638: 6612:Social networking services 6364:Social networking services 5383:Read, Brock (2007-04-27). 5195:"What is Foursquare Swarm" 5074:Goel, Vindu (2014-06-29). 3187:2014, 33 (April), 153-162. 2589:10.1007/s10676-020-09547-x 2305:Bossetta, Michael (2018). 1556: 1399: 1333: 1220: 938:The British author of the 884: 739:The potential ability for 732: 656: 546:Freedom of Information Act 312:Carnegie Mellon University 268:Carnegie Mellon University 178: 6554: 6478: 6455:Global Network Initiative 6407: 6399:Virtual assistant privacy 6379:Privacy-invasive software 6307: 6271: 6158: 6054: 6018: 4683:The Sydney Morning Herald 4031:Nixon, Ron (2017-09-28). 2668:10.1007/s11042-014-2151-7 2309:. Yale University Press. 2107:. AMCIS 2007 Proceedings. 1672:Turculeț, Mircea (2014). 1648:Social networking service 1394:Fair Credit Reporting Act 1380: 848:Orange County, California 838:potentially £14 billion. 823:article by Read Write Web 548:requires such information 501:United States federal law 355:Facebook's privacy policy 215: 5942:Canadian Lawyer Magazine 5426:"The Antisocial Network" 4870:PC World Business Center 3846:10.1177/0734016811399421 3226:10.1177/0093650218800915 2250:Journal of Communication 2172:Matthew., Myron (2009). 2125:. IEEE. pp. 26–33. 1643:Social media measurement 1409:rights are compromised. 1368: 1281:PC World Business Center 1161:Be thorough all the time 6450:Future of Privacy Forum 6445:European Digital Rights 5834:Shepherd and Wedderburn 5670:. Amnesty International 3834:Criminal Justice Review 3634:The National Law Review 2766:10.1145/2020408.2020477 2523:The Information Society 1977:Harvard Business Review 1653:Surveillance capitalism 87:in the mid-2010s being 77:social networking sites 6491:Cellphone surveillance 6408:Advocacy organizations 6031:Expectation of privacy 4596:"Social Media Privacy" 4316:"Social Media Privacy" 3876:. Simon and Schuster. 3213:Communication Research 1824:. Journal of Media Law 1680:. 149(2014): 967–972. 1613:Anonymous social media 1330:Facebook Emotion Study 1321:Facebook friends study 670:social security number 369: 324:virtual online means. 6622:Privacy controversies 6470:Privacy International 6041:Right to be forgotten 4366:www.privacyrights.org 3387:internetsafety101.org 1851:Yale University Press 1618:Criticism of Facebook 1586:Response to criticism 1551:end-to-end encryption 1542:Amnesty International 704:right to be forgotten 454:recommendation system 37:into articles titled 3800:. 26 September 2011. 2750:. pp. 430–438. 2141:10.1109/CSE.2009.387 1843:Boyd, Danah (2014). 1429:Teachers and MySpace 944:Lord Justice Leveson 859:Online victimization 811:United States Senate 456:. Commerce, such as 386:Cambridge Analytica. 114:made up of a set of 52:Concerns of Snapchat 6506:Global surveillance 6374:Privacy engineering 6359:Personal identifier 6309:Information privacy 6046:Post-mortem privacy 5364:on 24 December 2007 4511:on 5 September 2017 4176:2011LNCS.6589...78Z 3684:www.americanbar.org 3563:"The Star Wars Kid" 3111:The Huffington Post 2276:2013IJGIS..27..662M 2252:67.1 (2017): 26-53. 1929:Pew Research Center 1628:Information privacy 1527:Snapchat Spectacles 1116:rewrite the content 1013:rewrite the content 830:union stated that: 584:Debt Collection Act 525:Privacy Act of 1974 497:Privacy Act of 1974 364:Cambridge Analytica 336:Data access methods 231:Pew Research Center 222:invasion of privacy 120:social interactions 6546:Personality rights 5229:2013-12-31 at the 5080:The New York Times 5037:2012-03-25 at the 4919:2016-03-30 at the 4895:on 25 October 2013 4629:. 24 February 2011 4113:. Daily Telegraph. 4037:The New York Times 4012:help.azcentral.com 3786:. 5 February 2021. 3742:2011-07-26 at the 3080:2012-01-16 at the 3028:2011-07-22 at the 2993:2012-01-12 at the 1893:2011-07-22 at the 1751:2011-04-29 at the 846:A male burglar in 766:Unintentional fame 511:5 U.S.C. § 552a(b) 143:The advent of the 6572: 6571: 6516:Mass surveillance 5918:ACA International 5339:on April 30, 2011 4731:Popular Mechanics 4505:"Social Networks" 4193:978-3-642-19655-3 3883:978-1-4516-5051-8 3758:. 22 August 2016. 3197:February 6, 2012. 3050:privacyrights.org 2931:10.5688/aj7410184 2662:(21): 9795–9825. 2150:978-1-4244-5334-4 2010:10.1002/ejsp.2049 1910:. 2 October 2014. 1884:Social Networking 1540:In October 2016, 1279:to the news from 1177:Conditions" part. 1149: 1148: 1046: 1045: 933:News of the World 794:CareerBuilder.com 759:location tracking 653:Potential dangers 645:and the UK based 462:Affinity analysis 433:Benefit from data 275:“Privacy Paradox” 73: 72: 6629: 6617:Terms of service 6607:Internet privacy 6589: 6588: 6580: 6562: 6561: 6430:Data Privacy Lab 6389:Privacy software 6036:Right to privacy 6005: 5998: 5991: 5982: 5981: 5953: 5952: 5950: 5949: 5934: 5928: 5927: 5925: 5924: 5909: 5903: 5902: 5900: 5899: 5884: 5875: 5874: 5862: 5856: 5850: 5844: 5831: 5825: 5824: 5822: 5820: 5805: 5799: 5798: 5796: 5794: 5780: 5774: 5771: 5765: 5758: 5752: 5745: 5739: 5732: 5726: 5720: 5711: 5710: 5708: 5706: 5695:Business Insider 5686: 5680: 5679: 5677: 5675: 5663: 5654: 5653: 5651: 5649: 5634: 5625: 5624: 5622: 5620: 5606: 5597: 5596: 5594: 5592: 5577: 5571: 5570: 5566:Business Insider 5557: 5548: 5547: 5545: 5543: 5528: 5519: 5518: 5516: 5515: 5501: 5495: 5494: 5492: 5491: 5476: 5470: 5463: 5454: 5448: 5442: 5441: 5439: 5437: 5421: 5415: 5414: 5402: 5396: 5395: 5393: 5392: 5380: 5374: 5373: 5371: 5369: 5360:. Archived from 5354: 5348: 5347: 5345: 5344: 5333:"Learning Curve" 5329: 5323: 5316: 5310: 5309: 5307: 5306: 5300: 5294:. Archived from 5293: 5283: 5277: 5270: 5264: 5261: 5255: 5252: 5246: 5240: 5234: 5220: 5214: 5209: 5203: 5202: 5191: 5185: 5179: 5170: 5164: 5153: 5152: 5140: 5134: 5133: 5131: 5107: 5098: 5097: 5095: 5094: 5071: 5065: 5064: 5062: 5060: 5055: 5047: 5041: 5028: 5022: 5021: 5019: 5018: 5003: 4997: 4996: 4994: 4993: 4987:www.facebook.com 4983:"Cookies Policy" 4979: 4973: 4972: 4960: 4954: 4953: 4951: 4950: 4935: 4924: 4911: 4905: 4904: 4902: 4900: 4891:. Archived from 4889:Socialmediatoday 4880: 4874: 4873: 4861: 4855: 4854: 4852: 4851: 4837: 4831: 4830: 4828: 4827: 4812: 4806: 4805: 4803: 4802: 4787: 4781: 4780: 4778: 4777: 4763: 4757: 4756: 4745: 4739: 4738: 4726: 4720: 4719: 4717: 4715: 4700: 4694: 4693: 4691: 4689: 4674: 4668: 4667: 4665: 4663: 4648: 4639: 4638: 4636: 4634: 4619: 4610: 4609: 4607: 4606: 4592: 4586: 4585: 4583: 4582: 4573:. Archived from 4567: 4556: 4555: 4527: 4521: 4520: 4518: 4516: 4507:. Archived from 4501: 4495: 4494: 4492: 4490: 4476: 4470: 4469: 4462: 4453: 4452: 4445: 4430: 4429: 4417: 4411: 4410: 4408: 4406: 4392: 4381: 4380: 4378: 4377: 4368:. Archived from 4358: 4352: 4351: 4349: 4348: 4333: 4327: 4326: 4324: 4322: 4312: 4306: 4305: 4303: 4291: 4282: 4281: 4271: 4262:(4): 1143–1168. 4247: 4241: 4240: 4238: 4236: 4221: 4215: 4209: 4198: 4197: 4163: 4157: 4156: 4130: 4121: 4115: 4114: 4102: 4096: 4095: 4088: 4079: 4078: 4076: 4075: 4061: 4055: 4054: 4052: 4051: 4028: 4022: 4021: 4019: 4018: 4004: 3998: 3997: 3995: 3994: 3985:. Archived from 3978: 3972: 3966: 3960: 3959: 3943: 3937: 3936: 3934: 3933: 3918: 3912: 3911: 3899: 3888: 3887: 3867: 3858: 3857: 3840:(253): 253–268. 3829: 3816: 3815: 3808: 3802: 3801: 3794: 3788: 3787: 3780: 3774: 3773: 3772:. February 2022. 3766: 3760: 3759: 3752: 3746: 3733: 3727: 3726: 3724: 3723: 3712: 3706: 3700: 3694: 3693: 3691: 3690: 3676: 3670: 3669: 3667: 3666: 3651: 3645: 3644: 3642: 3641: 3626: 3620: 3614: 3608: 3607: 3605: 3604: 3589: 3578: 3577: 3575: 3574: 3565:. Archived from 3558: 3552: 3549: 3540: 3539: 3537: 3536: 3522: 3516: 3510: 3504: 3503: 3501: 3500: 3491:. Archived from 3481: 3472: 3471: 3469: 3468: 3453: 3447: 3446: 3444: 3443: 3434:. Archived from 3428: 3422: 3416: 3410: 3404: 3398: 3397: 3395: 3393: 3379: 3373: 3372: 3370: 3369: 3354: 3348: 3347: 3345: 3344: 3329: 3323: 3322: 3312: 3288: 3282: 3279: 3268: 3264: 3258: 3255: 3249: 3248: 3238: 3228: 3204: 3198: 3194: 3188: 3181: 3175: 3171: 3165: 3164: 3162: 3161: 3146: 3140: 3139: 3137: 3136: 3121: 3115: 3114: 3102: 3096: 3091: 3085: 3071: 3065: 3064: 3062: 3061: 3052:. Archived from 3042: 3033: 3019: 3008: 3003: 2997: 2984: 2978: 2972: 2961: 2960: 2950: 2910: 2904: 2903: 2895: 2889: 2888: 2880: 2869: 2862: 2856: 2850: 2844: 2838: 2832: 2831: 2820: 2811: 2808: 2802: 2801: 2794: 2788: 2787: 2759: 2743: 2737: 2736: 2734: 2732: 2726:help.twitter.com 2718: 2712: 2711: 2709: 2707: 2696: 2690: 2689: 2679: 2651: 2645: 2644: 2642: 2640: 2625: 2619: 2618: 2608: 2568: 2562: 2561: 2553: 2547: 2546: 2520: 2511: 2498: 2497: 2486: 2480: 2479: 2477: 2476: 2461: 2455: 2454: 2442: 2436: 2435: 2433: 2431: 2411: 2405: 2404: 2402: 2400: 2385: 2379: 2378: 2376: 2375: 2361: 2355: 2354: 2352: 2350: 2335: 2329: 2328: 2302: 2296: 2295: 2259: 2253: 2246: 2240: 2239: 2229: 2205: 2196: 2195: 2169: 2163: 2162: 2134: 2118: 2109: 2108: 2096: 2090: 2089: 2083: 2075: 2065: 2033: 2022: 2021: 1993: 1987: 1986: 1984: 1983: 1968: 1953: 1946: 1940: 1939: 1937: 1936: 1921: 1912: 1911: 1904: 1898: 1880: 1869: 1868: 1840: 1834: 1833: 1831: 1829: 1813: 1807: 1806: 1804: 1802: 1786: 1777: 1776: 1761: 1755: 1742: 1736: 1729: 1723: 1722: 1720: 1719: 1710:. Archived from 1703: 1692: 1691: 1689: 1669: 1236:Breakup Notifier 1144: 1141: 1135: 1100: 1099: 1092: 1041: 1038: 1032: 997: 996: 989: 950:Location updates 717:sexual predators 710:Sexual predators 556:Bureau of Census 483:Privacy concerns 469:machine learning 443:customer service 239:It's Complicated 227:privacy settings 153:internet privacy 149:social profiling 122:between actors. 112:social structure 68: 65: 26: 25: 18: 6637: 6636: 6632: 6631: 6630: 6628: 6627: 6626: 6597: 6596: 6595: 6583: 6575: 6573: 6568: 6550: 6474: 6403: 6303: 6267: 6154: 6148:amended in 2020 6050: 6014: 6009: 5962: 5957: 5956: 5947: 5945: 5936: 5935: 5931: 5922: 5920: 5910: 5906: 5897: 5895: 5885: 5878: 5863: 5859: 5851: 5847: 5832: 5828: 5818: 5816: 5807: 5806: 5802: 5792: 5790: 5782: 5781: 5777: 5772: 5768: 5759: 5755: 5746: 5742: 5733: 5729: 5721: 5714: 5704: 5702: 5687: 5683: 5673: 5671: 5664: 5657: 5647: 5645: 5635: 5628: 5618: 5616: 5608: 5607: 5600: 5590: 5588: 5578: 5574: 5559: 5558: 5551: 5541: 5539: 5529: 5522: 5513: 5511: 5509:www.verizon.com 5503: 5502: 5498: 5489: 5487: 5480:"The Long Snap" 5478: 5477: 5473: 5464: 5457: 5449: 5445: 5435: 5433: 5422: 5418: 5403: 5399: 5390: 5388: 5387:. Chronicle.com 5381: 5377: 5367: 5365: 5356: 5355: 5351: 5342: 5340: 5331: 5330: 5326: 5317: 5313: 5304: 5302: 5298: 5291: 5287: 5284: 5280: 5271: 5267: 5262: 5258: 5253: 5249: 5241: 5237: 5231:Wayback Machine 5221: 5217: 5210: 5206: 5193: 5192: 5188: 5180: 5173: 5165: 5156: 5141: 5137: 5108: 5101: 5092: 5090: 5072: 5068: 5058: 5056: 5053: 5049: 5048: 5044: 5039:Wayback Machine 5029: 5025: 5016: 5014: 5005: 5004: 5000: 4991: 4989: 4981: 4980: 4976: 4961: 4957: 4948: 4946: 4936: 4927: 4921:Wayback Machine 4912: 4908: 4898: 4896: 4881: 4877: 4862: 4858: 4849: 4847: 4839: 4838: 4834: 4825: 4823: 4814: 4813: 4809: 4800: 4798: 4789: 4788: 4784: 4775: 4773: 4765: 4764: 4760: 4747: 4746: 4742: 4727: 4723: 4713: 4711: 4701: 4697: 4687: 4685: 4675: 4671: 4661: 4659: 4649: 4642: 4632: 4630: 4621: 4620: 4613: 4604: 4602: 4594: 4593: 4589: 4580: 4578: 4569: 4568: 4559: 4528: 4524: 4514: 4512: 4503: 4502: 4498: 4488: 4486: 4478: 4477: 4473: 4464: 4463: 4456: 4447: 4446: 4433: 4418: 4414: 4404: 4402: 4394: 4393: 4384: 4375: 4373: 4360: 4359: 4355: 4346: 4344: 4334: 4330: 4320: 4318: 4314: 4313: 4309: 4292: 4285: 4248: 4244: 4234: 4232: 4222: 4218: 4210: 4201: 4194: 4164: 4160: 4128: 4122: 4118: 4111:telegraph.co.uk 4103: 4099: 4090: 4089: 4082: 4073: 4071: 4063: 4062: 4058: 4049: 4047: 4029: 4025: 4016: 4014: 4006: 4005: 4001: 3992: 3990: 3981: 3979: 3975: 3967: 3963: 3952:American Banker 3944: 3940: 3931: 3929: 3928:. 16 March 2010 3920: 3919: 3915: 3900: 3891: 3884: 3868: 3861: 3830: 3819: 3810: 3809: 3805: 3796: 3795: 3791: 3782: 3781: 3777: 3768: 3767: 3763: 3754: 3753: 3749: 3744:Wayback Machine 3734: 3730: 3721: 3719: 3714: 3713: 3709: 3701: 3697: 3688: 3686: 3678: 3677: 3673: 3664: 3662: 3653: 3652: 3648: 3639: 3637: 3628: 3627: 3623: 3615: 3611: 3602: 3600: 3590: 3581: 3572: 3570: 3561: 3559: 3555: 3550: 3543: 3534: 3532: 3524: 3523: 3519: 3511: 3507: 3498: 3496: 3483: 3482: 3475: 3466: 3464: 3455: 3454: 3450: 3441: 3439: 3430: 3429: 3425: 3417: 3413: 3405: 3401: 3391: 3389: 3381: 3380: 3376: 3367: 3365: 3355: 3351: 3342: 3340: 3331: 3330: 3326: 3289: 3285: 3280: 3271: 3265: 3261: 3256: 3252: 3205: 3201: 3195: 3191: 3182: 3178: 3172: 3168: 3159: 3157: 3149:Nicolls, Dean. 3147: 3143: 3134: 3132: 3123: 3122: 3118: 3103: 3099: 3092: 3088: 3082:Wayback Machine 3072: 3068: 3059: 3057: 3044: 3043: 3036: 3030:Wayback Machine 3020: 3011: 3004: 3000: 2995:Wayback Machine 2985: 2981: 2973: 2964: 2911: 2907: 2896: 2892: 2881: 2872: 2863: 2859: 2851: 2847: 2839: 2835: 2822: 2821: 2814: 2809: 2805: 2796: 2795: 2791: 2776: 2757:10.1.1.365.5651 2744: 2740: 2730: 2728: 2720: 2719: 2715: 2705: 2703: 2697: 2693: 2652: 2648: 2638: 2636: 2626: 2622: 2569: 2565: 2554: 2550: 2518: 2512: 2501: 2488: 2487: 2483: 2474: 2472: 2463: 2462: 2458: 2443: 2439: 2429: 2427: 2412: 2408: 2398: 2396: 2386: 2382: 2373: 2371: 2363: 2362: 2358: 2348: 2346: 2336: 2332: 2317: 2303: 2299: 2260: 2256: 2247: 2243: 2206: 2199: 2184: 2170: 2166: 2151: 2132:10.1.1.379.6412 2119: 2112: 2097: 2093: 2077: 2076: 2034: 2025: 1994: 1990: 1981: 1979: 1969: 1956: 1947: 1943: 1934: 1932: 1931:. 27 March 2018 1923: 1922: 1915: 1906: 1905: 1901: 1895:Wayback Machine 1881: 1872: 1865: 1841: 1837: 1827: 1825: 1814: 1810: 1800: 1798: 1787: 1780: 1763: 1762: 1758: 1753:Wayback Machine 1743: 1739: 1730: 1726: 1717: 1715: 1706: 1704: 1695: 1670: 1666: 1661: 1609: 1588: 1579: 1568: 1559: 1538: 1529: 1512: 1503: 1494: 1485: 1476: 1452: 1431: 1402: 1383: 1371: 1355: 1338: 1332: 1323: 1312:Security Breach 1276: 1225: 1219: 1214: 1212:Social networks 1207: 1205: 1203: 1200: 1192: 1189: 1187:Protect devices 1181: 1178: 1174: 1166: 1163: 1154: 1145: 1139: 1136: 1113: 1101: 1097: 1090: 1054: 1042: 1036: 1033: 1010: 998: 994: 987: 961: 952: 925: 889: 883: 874: 861: 844: 790: 768: 737: 731: 712: 687: 666: 661: 655: 638: 622: 493: 485: 435: 423: 414: 398: 372: 351: 338: 319: 317: 315: 296: 284:Privacy Paradox 260: 247: 218: 181: 126:is a subset of 69: 63: 60: 27: 23: 12: 11: 5: 6635: 6625: 6624: 6619: 6614: 6609: 6594: 6593: 6570: 6569: 6567: 6566: 6555: 6552: 6551: 6549: 6548: 6543: 6538: 6533: 6531:Search warrant 6528: 6523: 6518: 6513: 6511:Identity theft 6508: 6503: 6498: 6493: 6488: 6482: 6480: 6476: 6475: 6473: 6472: 6467: 6462: 6457: 6452: 6447: 6442: 6437: 6432: 6427: 6422: 6417: 6411: 6409: 6405: 6404: 6402: 6401: 6396: 6391: 6386: 6384:Privacy policy 6381: 6376: 6371: 6366: 6361: 6356: 6351: 6346: 6345: 6344: 6339: 6334: 6324: 6319: 6313: 6311: 6305: 6304: 6302: 6301: 6296: 6291: 6286: 6281: 6275: 6273: 6269: 6268: 6266: 6265: 6263:United Kingdom 6260: 6255: 6250: 6245: 6240: 6235: 6230: 6225: 6220: 6215: 6210: 6205: 6200: 6195: 6190: 6185: 6180: 6178:European Union 6175: 6170: 6164: 6162: 6156: 6155: 6153: 6152: 6151: 6150: 6136: 6134:United Kingdom 6131: 6126: 6121: 6116: 6111: 6106: 6101: 6096: 6094:European Union 6091: 6086: 6081: 6076: 6071: 6066: 6060: 6058: 6052: 6051: 6049: 6048: 6043: 6038: 6033: 6028: 6022: 6020: 6016: 6015: 6008: 6007: 6000: 5993: 5985: 5979: 5978: 5973: 5968: 5961: 5960:External links 5958: 5955: 5954: 5929: 5904: 5876: 5857: 5845: 5826: 5800: 5775: 5766: 5753: 5740: 5727: 5712: 5681: 5655: 5626: 5598: 5572: 5549: 5520: 5496: 5484:The New Yorker 5471: 5455: 5443: 5424:Dickey, Jack. 5416: 5397: 5375: 5349: 5324: 5311: 5278: 5265: 5256: 5247: 5235: 5215: 5204: 5199:foursquare.com 5186: 5171: 5154: 5135: 5099: 5066: 5042: 5023: 4998: 4974: 4955: 4925: 4906: 4875: 4856: 4832: 4807: 4782: 4771:www.usenix.org 4758: 4740: 4721: 4695: 4669: 4640: 4611: 4587: 4557: 4522: 4496: 4471: 4454: 4431: 4412: 4382: 4353: 4328: 4307: 4283: 4242: 4224:Weeks, Julie. 4216: 4199: 4192: 4158: 4116: 4097: 4080: 4056: 4023: 3999: 3973: 3961: 3938: 3913: 3889: 3882: 3859: 3817: 3803: 3789: 3775: 3761: 3747: 3728: 3707: 3695: 3671: 3646: 3621: 3609: 3579: 3553: 3541: 3517: 3505: 3473: 3448: 3423: 3411: 3399: 3374: 3349: 3324: 3283: 3269: 3259: 3250: 3219:(7): 953–977. 3199: 3189: 3176: 3166: 3141: 3116: 3097: 3086: 3066: 3034: 3009: 2998: 2979: 2962: 2905: 2890: 2870: 2857: 2845: 2833: 2812: 2803: 2789: 2774: 2738: 2713: 2691: 2646: 2620: 2563: 2556:Chang, Alvin. 2548: 2529:(4): 256–265. 2499: 2481: 2456: 2437: 2406: 2380: 2356: 2330: 2315: 2297: 2270:(4): 662–684. 2254: 2241: 2197: 2183:978-3639175905 2182: 2164: 2149: 2110: 2091: 2023: 2004:(3): 285–297. 1988: 1954: 1941: 1913: 1899: 1870: 1863: 1835: 1808: 1789:Quinn, Kelly. 1778: 1775:on 2011-05-08. 1756: 1737: 1724: 1693: 1663: 1662: 1660: 1657: 1656: 1655: 1650: 1645: 1640: 1635: 1630: 1625: 1620: 1615: 1608: 1605: 1587: 1584: 1578: 1575: 1567: 1564: 1558: 1555: 1537: 1534: 1528: 1525: 1511: 1508: 1502: 1499: 1493: 1490: 1484: 1481: 1475: 1472: 1454:Sites such as 1451: 1448: 1430: 1427: 1401: 1398: 1382: 1379: 1370: 1367: 1354: 1351: 1331: 1328: 1322: 1319: 1275: 1272: 1218: 1215: 1213: 1210: 1199: 1196: 1188: 1185: 1173: 1172:Know the sites 1170: 1162: 1159: 1153: 1150: 1147: 1146: 1104: 1102: 1095: 1089: 1086: 1082: 1081: 1078: 1075: 1072: 1069: 1066: 1063: 1044: 1043: 1001: 999: 992: 986: 983: 960: 957: 951: 948: 940:Leveson Report 924: 921: 885:Main article: 882: 879: 873: 870: 860: 857: 853:United Kingdom 843: 840: 789: 786: 767: 764: 730: 727: 711: 708: 686: 683: 674:identity theft 665: 664:Identity theft 662: 654: 651: 637: 634: 621: 618: 590: 589: 588: 587: 580: 577: 574: 571: 568: 565: 562: 559: 552: 549: 542: 517: 516: 515: 514: 492: 489: 484: 481: 434: 431: 422: 419: 413: 410: 401:Search engines 397: 396:Search engines 394: 371: 368: 350: 347: 337: 334: 295: 292: 259: 258:People concern 256: 246: 243: 217: 214: 180: 177: 173:search warrant 108:social network 71: 70: 30: 28: 21: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6634: 6623: 6620: 6618: 6615: 6613: 6610: 6608: 6605: 6604: 6602: 6592: 6587: 6582: 6581: 6578: 6565: 6557: 6556: 6553: 6547: 6544: 6542: 6539: 6537: 6534: 6532: 6529: 6527: 6524: 6522: 6519: 6517: 6514: 6512: 6509: 6507: 6504: 6502: 6501:Eavesdropping 6499: 6497: 6496:Data security 6494: 6492: 6489: 6487: 6484: 6483: 6481: 6477: 6471: 6468: 6466: 6463: 6461: 6458: 6456: 6453: 6451: 6448: 6446: 6443: 6441: 6438: 6436: 6433: 6431: 6428: 6426: 6423: 6421: 6418: 6416: 6413: 6412: 6410: 6406: 6400: 6397: 6395: 6394:Secret ballot 6392: 6390: 6387: 6385: 6382: 6380: 6377: 6375: 6372: 6370: 6367: 6365: 6362: 6360: 6357: 6355: 6354:Personal data 6352: 6350: 6347: 6343: 6340: 6338: 6335: 6333: 6330: 6329: 6328: 6325: 6323: 6320: 6318: 6315: 6314: 6312: 6310: 6306: 6300: 6297: 6295: 6292: 6290: 6287: 6285: 6282: 6280: 6277: 6276: 6274: 6270: 6264: 6261: 6259: 6256: 6254: 6251: 6249: 6246: 6244: 6241: 6239: 6236: 6234: 6231: 6229: 6226: 6224: 6221: 6219: 6216: 6214: 6211: 6209: 6206: 6204: 6201: 6199: 6196: 6194: 6191: 6189: 6186: 6184: 6181: 6179: 6176: 6174: 6171: 6169: 6166: 6165: 6163: 6161: 6157: 6149: 6145: 6142: 6141: 6140: 6139:United States 6137: 6135: 6132: 6130: 6127: 6125: 6122: 6120: 6117: 6115: 6112: 6110: 6107: 6105: 6102: 6100: 6097: 6095: 6092: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6082: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6072: 6070: 6067: 6065: 6062: 6061: 6059: 6057: 6053: 6047: 6044: 6042: 6039: 6037: 6034: 6032: 6029: 6027: 6024: 6023: 6021: 6017: 6013: 6006: 6001: 5999: 5994: 5992: 5987: 5986: 5983: 5977: 5974: 5972: 5969: 5967: 5964: 5963: 5943: 5939: 5933: 5919: 5915: 5908: 5894: 5890: 5883: 5881: 5872: 5868: 5861: 5855: 5849: 5843: 5839: 5835: 5830: 5815:. 6 July 2019 5814: 5810: 5804: 5789: 5785: 5779: 5770: 5763: 5757: 5750: 5744: 5738: 5731: 5725: 5719: 5717: 5700: 5696: 5692: 5685: 5669: 5662: 5660: 5644: 5640: 5633: 5631: 5615: 5611: 5605: 5603: 5587: 5583: 5576: 5568: 5567: 5562: 5556: 5554: 5538: 5534: 5527: 5525: 5510: 5506: 5500: 5485: 5481: 5475: 5469: 5462: 5460: 5452: 5447: 5431: 5427: 5420: 5412: 5408: 5401: 5386: 5379: 5363: 5359: 5353: 5338: 5334: 5328: 5322: 5315: 5301:on 2012-04-03 5297: 5290: 5282: 5276: 5269: 5260: 5251: 5245: 5239: 5232: 5228: 5225: 5219: 5213: 5208: 5200: 5196: 5190: 5184: 5178: 5176: 5169: 5163: 5161: 5159: 5150: 5146: 5139: 5130: 5125: 5121: 5117: 5113: 5106: 5104: 5089: 5085: 5081: 5077: 5070: 5052: 5046: 5040: 5036: 5033: 5027: 5012: 5008: 5002: 4988: 4984: 4978: 4970: 4966: 4959: 4945: 4941: 4934: 4932: 4930: 4922: 4918: 4915: 4910: 4894: 4890: 4886: 4879: 4871: 4867: 4860: 4846: 4842: 4836: 4821: 4817: 4811: 4796: 4792: 4786: 4772: 4768: 4762: 4755:. 4 May 2012. 4754: 4750: 4744: 4736: 4732: 4725: 4710: 4706: 4699: 4684: 4680: 4673: 4658: 4654: 4647: 4645: 4628: 4624: 4618: 4616: 4601: 4597: 4591: 4577:on 2012-12-12 4576: 4572: 4566: 4564: 4562: 4553: 4549: 4545: 4541: 4537: 4533: 4526: 4510: 4506: 4500: 4485: 4484:us.norton.com 4481: 4475: 4468:. 2011-12-17. 4467: 4461: 4459: 4451:. 2014-01-17. 4450: 4444: 4442: 4440: 4438: 4436: 4427: 4423: 4416: 4401: 4400:us.norton.com 4397: 4391: 4389: 4387: 4372:on 2013-11-03 4371: 4367: 4363: 4357: 4343: 4339: 4332: 4317: 4311: 4302: 4297: 4290: 4288: 4279: 4275: 4270: 4265: 4261: 4257: 4253: 4246: 4231: 4227: 4220: 4214: 4208: 4206: 4204: 4195: 4189: 4185: 4181: 4177: 4173: 4169: 4162: 4154: 4150: 4146: 4142: 4138: 4134: 4127: 4120: 4112: 4108: 4101: 4094:. 6 May 2016. 4093: 4087: 4085: 4070: 4066: 4060: 4046: 4042: 4038: 4034: 4027: 4013: 4009: 4003: 3989:on 2011-08-15 3988: 3984: 3977: 3971: 3965: 3957: 3953: 3949: 3948:"Bad Friends" 3942: 3927: 3923: 3917: 3909: 3905: 3898: 3896: 3894: 3885: 3879: 3875: 3874: 3866: 3864: 3855: 3851: 3847: 3843: 3839: 3835: 3828: 3826: 3824: 3822: 3813: 3807: 3799: 3793: 3785: 3779: 3771: 3765: 3757: 3751: 3745: 3741: 3738: 3732: 3717: 3711: 3705: 3699: 3685: 3681: 3675: 3660: 3656: 3650: 3635: 3631: 3625: 3619: 3613: 3599: 3598:Computerworld 3595: 3588: 3586: 3584: 3569:on 2011-07-20 3568: 3564: 3557: 3548: 3546: 3531: 3527: 3521: 3515: 3509: 3495:on 2014-09-24 3494: 3490: 3489:seomworld.com 3486: 3480: 3478: 3462: 3458: 3452: 3438:on 2015-12-08 3437: 3433: 3427: 3420: 3415: 3409: 3403: 3388: 3384: 3378: 3364: 3360: 3353: 3338: 3334: 3328: 3320: 3316: 3311: 3306: 3303:(1): 83–108. 3302: 3298: 3294: 3287: 3278: 3276: 3274: 3263: 3254: 3246: 3242: 3237: 3232: 3227: 3222: 3218: 3214: 3210: 3203: 3193: 3186: 3180: 3170: 3156: 3152: 3145: 3130: 3126: 3120: 3112: 3108: 3101: 3095: 3090: 3083: 3079: 3076: 3070: 3056:on 2014-07-14 3055: 3051: 3047: 3041: 3039: 3031: 3027: 3024: 3018: 3016: 3014: 3007: 3002: 2996: 2992: 2989: 2983: 2977: 2971: 2969: 2967: 2958: 2954: 2949: 2944: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2928: 2924: 2920: 2916: 2909: 2901: 2894: 2886: 2879: 2877: 2875: 2868: 2861: 2855: 2849: 2843: 2837: 2830:. 2014-06-17. 2829: 2825: 2819: 2817: 2807: 2800:. 3 May 2012. 2799: 2793: 2785: 2781: 2777: 2775:9781450308137 2771: 2767: 2763: 2758: 2753: 2749: 2742: 2727: 2723: 2717: 2702: 2695: 2687: 2683: 2678: 2677:11380/1077259 2673: 2669: 2665: 2661: 2657: 2650: 2635: 2631: 2624: 2616: 2612: 2607: 2602: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2586: 2582: 2578: 2574: 2567: 2559: 2552: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2517: 2510: 2508: 2506: 2504: 2496:. 2013-09-19. 2495: 2491: 2485: 2470: 2466: 2460: 2452: 2448: 2441: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2410: 2395: 2391: 2384: 2370: 2366: 2365:"Data Policy" 2360: 2345: 2341: 2334: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2316:9780300166316 2312: 2308: 2301: 2293: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2258: 2251: 2245: 2237: 2233: 2228: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2204: 2202: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2179: 2175: 2168: 2160: 2156: 2152: 2146: 2142: 2138: 2133: 2128: 2124: 2117: 2115: 2106: 2102: 2095: 2087: 2081: 2073: 2069: 2064: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2047: 2043: 2039: 2032: 2030: 2028: 2019: 2015: 2011: 2007: 2003: 1999: 1992: 1978: 1974: 1967: 1965: 1963: 1961: 1959: 1951: 1945: 1930: 1926: 1920: 1918: 1909: 1903: 1896: 1892: 1889: 1885: 1879: 1877: 1875: 1866: 1864:9780300166316 1860: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1847: 1839: 1823: 1819: 1812: 1796: 1792: 1785: 1783: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1760: 1754: 1750: 1747: 1741: 1735: 1728: 1714:on 2012-09-23 1713: 1709: 1702: 1700: 1698: 1688: 1683: 1679: 1675: 1668: 1664: 1654: 1651: 1649: 1646: 1644: 1641: 1639: 1636: 1634: 1631: 1629: 1626: 1624: 1621: 1619: 1616: 1614: 1611: 1610: 1604: 1601: 1596: 1592: 1583: 1574: 1572: 1563: 1554: 1552: 1548: 1543: 1533: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1507: 1498: 1489: 1480: 1471: 1467: 1465: 1464:Safe Shepherd 1461: 1457: 1447: 1444: 1440: 1435: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1416: 1410: 1407: 1397: 1395: 1390: 1387: 1378: 1375: 1366: 1364: 1359: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1337: 1327: 1318: 1314: 1313: 1309: 1307: 1303: 1298: 1293: 1291: 1285: 1282: 1271: 1267: 1266: 1262: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1224: 1209: 1195: 1184: 1169: 1158: 1143: 1140:December 2019 1133: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1111: 1110: 1105:This section 1103: 1094: 1093: 1085: 1079: 1076: 1073: 1070: 1067: 1064: 1061: 1060: 1059: 1056: 1050: 1040: 1037:December 2019 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1008: 1007: 1002:This section 1000: 991: 990: 982: 978: 974: 971: 965: 964:her account. 956: 947: 945: 941: 936: 934: 930: 920: 918: 914: 910: 904: 900: 896: 894: 888: 878: 869: 867: 866:victimization 856: 854: 849: 839: 835: 831: 829: 824: 818: 814: 812: 808: 802: 798: 795: 785: 782: 778: 777:Star Wars Kid 775:known as the 772: 763: 760: 754: 750: 747: 742: 736: 735:Cyberstalking 726: 723: 722:Peter Chapman 718: 707: 705: 699: 695: 691: 682: 679: 675: 671: 660: 650: 648: 644: 633: 631: 627: 620:Institutional 617: 615: 611: 606: 602: 599: 594: 585: 581: 578: 575: 572: 569: 566: 563: 560: 557: 553: 550: 547: 543: 540: 536: 535: 534: 533: 532: 530: 526: 523:Although The 521: 512: 508: 507: 506: 505: 504: 502: 498: 488: 480: 478: 475:According to 473: 470: 465: 463: 459: 455: 451: 446: 444: 440: 430: 428: 418: 412:Location data 409: 407: 402: 393: 390: 387: 382: 378: 376: 367: 365: 361: 356: 346: 343: 333: 329: 325: 321: 313: 308: 304: 302: 291: 289: 285: 279: 276: 271: 269: 263: 255: 253: 242: 240: 234: 232: 228: 223: 213: 209: 207: 203: 197: 194: 193:New York City 190: 186: 176: 174: 170: 166: 165:cyberstalking 162: 158: 154: 150: 146: 141: 138: 133: 129: 125: 121: 117: 116:social actors 113: 109: 104: 102: 98: 94: 90: 86: 82: 78: 67: 58: 54: 53: 48: 47: 42: 41: 36: 35: 29: 20: 19: 16: 6541:Human rights 6363: 6056:Privacy laws 5946:. Retrieved 5944:. 2020-02-11 5941: 5932: 5921:. Retrieved 5917: 5907: 5896:. Retrieved 5892: 5871:Cpo Magazine 5870: 5860: 5848: 5829: 5817:. Retrieved 5812: 5803: 5791:. Retrieved 5788:WhatsApp.com 5787: 5778: 5769: 5756: 5743: 5730: 5703:. Retrieved 5694: 5684: 5672:. Retrieved 5646:. Retrieved 5642: 5617:. Retrieved 5613: 5589:. Retrieved 5586:The Guardian 5585: 5575: 5564: 5540:. Retrieved 5536: 5512:. Retrieved 5508: 5499: 5488:. Retrieved 5486:. 2013-10-14 5483: 5474: 5446: 5434:. Retrieved 5429: 5419: 5410: 5400: 5389:. Retrieved 5378: 5366:. Retrieved 5362:the original 5352: 5341:. Retrieved 5337:the original 5327: 5314: 5303:. Retrieved 5296:the original 5281: 5268: 5259: 5250: 5238: 5218: 5207: 5198: 5189: 5148: 5144: 5138: 5119: 5115: 5091:. Retrieved 5079: 5069: 5057:. Retrieved 5045: 5026: 5015:. Retrieved 5013:. 2018-12-15 5011:The Guardian 5010: 5001: 4990:. Retrieved 4986: 4977: 4968: 4958: 4947:. Retrieved 4943: 4909: 4897:. Retrieved 4893:the original 4888: 4878: 4869: 4859: 4848:. Retrieved 4844: 4835: 4824:. Retrieved 4822:. 2014-02-04 4819: 4810: 4799:. Retrieved 4797:. 2010-07-07 4794: 4785: 4774:. Retrieved 4770: 4761: 4752: 4743: 4734: 4730: 4724: 4712:. Retrieved 4708: 4698: 4686:. Retrieved 4682: 4672: 4660:. Retrieved 4656: 4631:. Retrieved 4626: 4603:. Retrieved 4599: 4590: 4579:. Retrieved 4575:the original 4538:(2): 315–6. 4535: 4531: 4525: 4513:. Retrieved 4509:the original 4499: 4487:. Retrieved 4483: 4474: 4425: 4421: 4415: 4403:. Retrieved 4399: 4374:. Retrieved 4370:the original 4365: 4356: 4345:. Retrieved 4342:Ars Technica 4341: 4331: 4319:. Retrieved 4310: 4259: 4255: 4245: 4233:. Retrieved 4230:Google Sites 4229: 4219: 4167: 4161: 4136: 4132: 4119: 4110: 4100: 4072:. Retrieved 4068: 4059: 4048:. Retrieved 4036: 4026: 4015:. Retrieved 4011: 4002: 3991:. Retrieved 3987:the original 3976: 3964: 3955: 3951: 3941: 3930:. Retrieved 3925: 3916: 3907: 3872: 3837: 3833: 3806: 3792: 3778: 3764: 3750: 3731: 3720:. Retrieved 3718:. 2008-10-31 3710: 3698: 3687:. Retrieved 3683: 3674: 3663:. Retrieved 3661:. 2015-07-29 3658: 3649: 3638:. Retrieved 3636:. 2012-08-23 3633: 3624: 3612: 3601:. Retrieved 3597: 3571:. Retrieved 3567:the original 3556: 3533:. Retrieved 3529: 3520: 3508: 3497:. Retrieved 3493:the original 3488: 3465:. Retrieved 3463:. 2010-05-08 3460: 3451: 3440:. Retrieved 3436:the original 3426: 3414: 3402: 3390:. Retrieved 3386: 3377: 3366:. Retrieved 3362: 3352: 3341:. Retrieved 3339:. 2014-03-01 3336: 3327: 3300: 3296: 3286: 3262: 3253: 3216: 3212: 3202: 3192: 3184: 3179: 3169: 3158:. Retrieved 3154: 3144: 3133:. Retrieved 3131:. 2018-11-28 3128: 3119: 3110: 3100: 3089: 3069: 3058:. Retrieved 3054:the original 3049: 3001: 2982: 2922: 2918: 2908: 2899: 2893: 2884: 2860: 2848: 2836: 2827: 2806: 2792: 2747: 2741: 2729:. Retrieved 2725: 2716: 2704:. Retrieved 2694: 2659: 2655: 2649: 2637:. Retrieved 2633: 2623: 2583:(1): 45–57. 2580: 2576: 2566: 2551: 2526: 2522: 2493: 2484: 2473:. Retrieved 2471:. 2020-03-09 2468: 2459: 2450: 2440: 2428:. Retrieved 2423: 2419: 2409: 2397:. Retrieved 2393: 2383: 2372:. Retrieved 2368: 2359: 2347:. Retrieved 2343: 2333: 2306: 2300: 2267: 2263: 2257: 2249: 2244: 2217: 2213: 2173: 2167: 2122: 2104: 2094: 2080:cite journal 2048:(1): 16–24. 2045: 2041: 2001: 1997: 1991: 1980:. Retrieved 1976: 1944: 1933:. Retrieved 1928: 1902: 1845: 1838: 1826:. Retrieved 1821: 1816:Mills, Max. 1811: 1799:. Retrieved 1794: 1773:the original 1768: 1759: 1740: 1727: 1716:. Retrieved 1712:the original 1677: 1667: 1600:IP addresses 1597: 1593: 1589: 1580: 1569: 1560: 1539: 1530: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1504: 1501:Live Stories 1495: 1486: 1477: 1468: 1453: 1438: 1436: 1432: 1423: 1419: 1411: 1403: 1391: 1384: 1372: 1356: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1324: 1315: 1311: 1310: 1294: 1286: 1280: 1277: 1268: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1201: 1190: 1175: 1164: 1155: 1137: 1114:Please help 1106: 1083: 1057: 1051: 1047: 1034: 1011:Please help 1003: 979: 975: 966: 962: 953: 937: 926: 905: 901: 897: 890: 875: 872:Surveillance 862: 845: 836: 832: 819: 815: 803: 799: 791: 773: 769: 755: 751: 738: 715:popular for 713: 700: 696: 692: 688: 667: 639: 623: 607: 603: 595: 591: 538: 528: 522: 518: 494: 486: 474: 466: 447: 436: 424: 415: 399: 391: 383: 379: 373: 352: 339: 330: 326: 322: 309: 305: 300: 297: 288:social media 280: 272: 264: 261: 248: 238: 235: 219: 210: 208:" to occur. 198: 182: 142: 128:data privacy 123: 105: 85:social media 74: 61: 50: 44: 38: 32: 15: 6536:Wiretapping 6248:Switzerland 6233:South Korea 6223:Philippines 6213:Netherlands 6208:Isle of Man 6129:Switzerland 6109:New Zealand 5537:MarketWatch 5183:thefastmode 4428:(2): 79–98. 4139:(1): 1–15. 2925:(10): 184. 2828:justice.gov 2634:How-To Geek 2220:(1): 1–13. 1853:. pp. 1450:Other sites 1302:Amazon Echo 1124:Wikiversity 1021:Wikiversity 781:light sabre 678:recent blog 477:Gary Kovacs 439:data mining 185:Six Degrees 147:has caused 6601:Categories 6521:Panopticon 6144:California 6019:Principles 5948:2020-03-05 5923:2020-03-05 5898:2020-03-05 5784:"Features" 5514:2023-04-24 5490:2023-04-24 5391:2011-11-25 5343:2011-11-25 5305:2012-09-15 5122:: 83–108. 5093:2017-04-18 5017:2021-03-04 4992:2018-10-02 4949:2018-05-15 4850:2023-04-24 4826:2023-04-24 4801:2023-04-24 4776:2023-04-24 4709:TechCrunch 4657:TechCrunch 4605:2023-04-24 4581:2012-10-31 4376:2014-06-09 4347:2023-04-24 4074:2017-11-10 4050:2017-11-10 4017:2023-04-24 3993:2012-09-15 3932:2023-04-24 3722:2023-04-24 3689:2017-11-10 3665:2017-11-10 3640:2012-08-23 3603:2023-04-24 3573:2011-04-26 3535:2023-04-24 3499:2014-06-09 3467:2023-04-24 3442:2015-11-29 3368:2023-04-24 3363:TechCrunch 3343:2017-11-10 3160:2021-09-03 3135:2020-10-05 3060:2014-06-09 2706:17 January 2475:2020-03-10 2374:2019-07-18 2325:1085118663 1982:2017-05-15 1935:2020-03-03 1769:Ebsco Host 1718:2012-09-15 1659:References 1547:encryption 1415:IP address 1334:See also: 1221:See also: 1132:Wikivoyage 1029:Wikivoyage 931:involving 788:Employment 733:See also: 657:See also: 554:4. If the 544:2. If the 503:) states: 406:DuckDuckGo 206:catfishing 189:Friendster 6486:Anonymity 6322:Financial 6299:Workplace 6289:Education 6198:Indonesia 6168:Australia 6124:Sri Lanka 6119:Singapore 6064:Australia 5430:EBSCOhost 5088:0362-4331 4944:USA Today 4899:17 August 4301:1410.1348 4278:1083-6101 4045:0362-4331 3958:(192): 5. 3908:USA TODAY 3854:145678250 3319:1083-6101 3245:0093-6502 2939:0002-9459 2752:CiteSeerX 2597:1572-8439 2494:readwrite 2430:April 10, 2426:: 125–159 2236:2325-4688 2192:469775250 2127:CiteSeerX 2018:1099-0992 1822:EBSCOhost 1795:EBSCOhost 1456:Sgrouples 1406:WikiLeaks 1363:databases 1358:Instagram 1353:Instagram 1128:Wikibooks 1107:contains 1025:Wikibooks 1004:contains 968:and even 909:Geofeedia 636:Libraries 630:libraries 467:By using 342:geotagged 328:privacy. 252:Match.com 93:Instagram 64:June 2020 6591:Internet 6564:Category 6479:See also 6332:Facebook 6327:Internet 6279:Consumer 6253:Thailand 5893:Lexology 5836:. 2010. 5699:Archived 5643:Mashable 5619:19 April 5614:ABC News 5591:19 April 5368:19 April 5227:Archived 5059:19 April 5035:Archived 4917:Archived 4795:HuffPost 4753:Mashable 4737:(1): 77. 4627:Fox News 4552:23574371 4515:19 April 4489:19 April 4405:19 April 4321:19 April 4153:36688647 3926:NBC News 3740:Archived 3530:ABC News 3461:HuffPost 3392:19 April 3337:Fox News 3078:Archived 3026:Archived 2991:Archived 2957:21436925 2784:10645180 2731:19 April 2686:15490289 2639:19 April 2615:32837287 2543:30939066 2469:BBC News 2399:19 April 2369:Facebook 2349:19 April 2159:11145491 2072:22771531 1891:Archived 1749:Archived 1623:Facebook 1607:See also 1571:WhatsApp 1566:WhatsApp 1483:Snapchat 1460:Diaspora 1297:Facebook 1217:Facebook 923:Mob rule 917:In-Q-Tel 913:Dataminr 893:LinkedIn 842:Burglary 741:stalking 729:Stalking 610:Facebook 450:hashtags 157:Facebook 137:platform 101:Snapchat 89:Facebook 6342:Twitter 6294:Medical 6284:Digital 6203:Ireland 6188:Germany 6173:Denmark 6099:Germany 6089:England 6084:Denmark 6012:Privacy 5705:May 24, 5674:May 24, 5648:May 24, 5542:May 24, 5436:4 April 5151:: 1–61. 4235:May 16, 4172:Bibcode 4069:NPR.org 2948:3058471 2606:7368642 2292:6288962 2272:Bibcode 2063:3555319 1828:4 April 1801:5 April 1638:Myspace 1557:The FTC 1400:Twitter 1306:cookies 626:schools 614:cookies 301:trustor 202:MySpace 179:History 161:MySpace 145:Web 2.0 132:privacy 97:Twitter 57:discuss 6577:Portal 6337:Google 6258:Turkey 6243:Sweden 6228:Poland 6218:Norway 6183:France 6114:Russia 6074:Canada 6069:Brazil 5819:5 July 5793:5 July 5432:. Time 5411:Forbes 5086: 4714:9 June 4688:9 June 4662:9 June 4633:9 June 4550: 4276: 4190: 4151: 4043: 3880: 3852: 3317: 3243: 3155:Forbes 2955: 2945: 2937: 2782: 2772: 2754: 2684: 2613: 2603: 2595: 2541: 2394:Gawker 2344:Gawker 2323: 2313: 2290: 2234: 2190: 2180: 2157: 2147: 2129: 2070: 2060: 2016: 1861: 1857:, 60. 1386:Spokeo 1381:Spokeo 1122:it to 1019:it to 598:Spokeo 458:Amazon 216:Causes 6526:PRISM 6349:Email 6272:Areas 6238:Spain 6193:India 6104:Ghana 6079:China 5764:>. 5751:>. 5299:(PDF) 5292:(PDF) 5054:(PDF) 4969:Wired 4296:arXiv 4149:S2CID 4129:(PDF) 3850:S2CID 3267:2017. 3174:2012. 2780:S2CID 2682:S2CID 2539:S2CID 2519:(PDF) 2288:S2CID 2155:S2CID 1374:Swarm 1369:Swarm 1180:site. 1130:, or 1027:, or 702:the “ 110:is a 34:split 6465:NOYB 5821:2019 5813:Mint 5795:2019 5707:2017 5676:2017 5650:2017 5621:2023 5593:2023 5544:2017 5438:2018 5370:2023 5084:ISSN 5061:2023 4901:2016 4820:Time 4716:2020 4690:2020 4664:2020 4635:2020 4548:PMID 4517:2023 4491:2023 4407:2023 4323:2023 4274:ISSN 4237:2016 4188:ISBN 4041:ISSN 3878:ISBN 3659:SHRM 3394:2023 3315:ISSN 3241:ISSN 2953:PMID 2935:ISSN 2770:ISBN 2733:2023 2708:2021 2641:2023 2611:PMID 2593:ISSN 2451:CNBC 2432:2018 2401:2023 2351:2023 2321:OCLC 2311:ISBN 2232:ISSN 2188:OCLC 2178:ISBN 2145:ISBN 2086:link 2068:PMID 2014:ISSN 1859:ISBN 1830:2018 1803:2018 1458:and 1437:The 1290:past 1120:move 1017:move 539:need 529:does 495:The 282:the 273:The 187:and 159:and 99:and 49:and 6317:Law 5124:doi 4735:189 4540:doi 4264:doi 4180:doi 4141:doi 3956:174 3842:doi 3305:doi 3231:hdl 3221:doi 2943:PMC 2927:doi 2762:doi 2672:hdl 2664:doi 2601:PMC 2585:doi 2531:doi 2280:doi 2222:doi 2137:doi 2058:PMC 2050:doi 2006:doi 1682:doi 970:GPS 828:TUC 746:AOL 499:(a 370:API 59:) 55:. ( 6603:: 6146:, 5940:. 5916:. 5891:. 5879:^ 5869:. 5811:. 5786:. 5715:^ 5697:. 5693:. 5658:^ 5641:. 5629:^ 5612:. 5601:^ 5584:. 5563:. 5552:^ 5535:. 5523:^ 5507:. 5482:. 5458:^ 5428:. 5409:. 5197:. 5174:^ 5157:^ 5149:16 5147:. 5120:15 5118:. 5114:. 5102:^ 5082:. 5078:. 5009:. 4985:. 4967:. 4942:. 4928:^ 4887:. 4868:. 4843:. 4818:. 4793:. 4769:. 4751:. 4733:. 4707:. 4681:. 4655:. 4643:^ 4625:. 4614:^ 4598:. 4560:^ 4546:. 4536:19 4534:. 4482:. 4457:^ 4434:^ 4426:32 4424:. 4398:. 4385:^ 4364:. 4340:. 4286:^ 4272:. 4260:12 4258:. 4254:. 4228:. 4202:^ 4186:. 4178:. 4147:. 4135:. 4131:. 4109:. 4083:^ 4067:. 4039:. 4035:. 4010:. 3954:. 3950:. 3924:. 3906:. 3892:^ 3862:^ 3848:. 3838:36 3836:. 3820:^ 3682:. 3657:. 3632:. 3596:. 3582:^ 3544:^ 3528:. 3487:. 3476:^ 3459:. 3421:. 3385:. 3361:. 3335:. 3313:. 3301:15 3299:. 3295:. 3272:^ 3239:. 3229:. 3217:48 3215:. 3211:. 3153:. 3127:. 3109:. 3084:. 3048:. 3037:^ 3012:^ 2965:^ 2951:. 2941:. 2933:. 2923:74 2921:. 2917:. 2873:^ 2826:. 2815:^ 2778:. 2768:. 2760:. 2724:. 2680:. 2670:. 2660:74 2658:. 2632:. 2609:. 2599:. 2591:. 2581:23 2579:. 2575:. 2537:. 2527:30 2525:. 2521:. 2502:^ 2492:. 2467:. 2449:. 2422:. 2418:. 2392:. 2367:. 2342:. 2319:. 2286:. 2278:. 2268:27 2266:. 2230:. 2216:. 2212:. 2200:^ 2186:. 2153:. 2143:. 2135:. 2113:^ 2103:. 2082:}} 2078:{{ 2066:. 2056:. 2046:20 2044:. 2040:. 2026:^ 2012:. 2002:45 2000:. 1975:. 1957:^ 1927:. 1916:^ 1873:^ 1855:56 1849:. 1820:. 1793:. 1781:^ 1767:. 1696:^ 1676:. 1126:, 1023:, 911:, 628:, 445:. 175:. 106:A 95:, 91:, 43:, 6579:: 6004:e 5997:t 5990:v 5951:. 5926:. 5901:. 5873:. 5823:. 5797:. 5709:. 5678:. 5652:. 5623:. 5595:. 5569:. 5546:. 5517:. 5493:. 5440:. 5413:. 5394:. 5372:. 5346:. 5308:. 5201:. 5132:. 5126:: 5096:. 5063:. 5020:. 4995:. 4971:. 4952:. 4903:. 4872:. 4853:. 4829:. 4804:. 4779:. 4718:. 4692:. 4666:. 4637:. 4608:. 4584:. 4554:. 4542:: 4519:. 4493:. 4409:. 4379:. 4350:. 4325:. 4304:. 4298:: 4280:. 4266:: 4239:. 4196:. 4182:: 4174:: 4155:. 4143:: 4137:9 4077:. 4053:. 4020:. 3996:. 3935:. 3910:. 3886:. 3856:. 3844:: 3814:. 3725:. 3692:. 3668:. 3643:. 3606:. 3576:. 3538:. 3502:. 3470:. 3445:. 3396:. 3371:. 3346:. 3321:. 3307:: 3247:. 3233:: 3223:: 3163:. 3138:. 3113:. 3063:. 3032:. 2959:. 2929:: 2902:. 2887:. 2786:. 2764:: 2735:. 2710:. 2688:. 2674:: 2666:: 2643:. 2617:. 2587:: 2560:. 2545:. 2533:: 2478:. 2453:. 2434:. 2424:1 2403:. 2377:. 2353:. 2327:. 2294:. 2282:: 2274:: 2238:. 2224:: 2218:7 2194:. 2161:. 2139:: 2088:) 2074:. 2052:: 2020:. 2008:: 1985:. 1952:. 1938:. 1897:. 1867:. 1832:. 1805:. 1721:. 1690:. 1684:: 1142:) 1138:( 1134:. 1112:. 1039:) 1035:( 1031:. 1009:. 586:. 513:. 66:) 62:(

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.