2249:(NWA). The NWA recognized one "world champion", voted on by its members, but allowed member promoters to crown their own local champions in their territories. If a member poached wrestlers from another member, or held matches in another member's territory, they risked being ejected from the NWA, at which point his territory became fair game for everyone. The NWA would blacklist wrestlers who worked for independent promoters or who publicly criticized an NWA promoter or who did not throw a match on command. If an independent promoter tried to establish himself in a certain area, the NWA would send their star performers to perform for the local NWA promoter to draw the customers away from the independent. By 1956, the NWA controlled 38 promotions within the United States, with more in Canada, Mexico, Australia and New Zealand. The NWA's monopolistic practices became so stifling that the independents appealed to the government for help. In October 1956 the US Attorney General's office filed an antitrust lawsuit against the NWA in an Iowa federal district court. The NWA settled with the government. They pledged to stop allocating exclusive territories to its promoters, to stop blacklisting wrestlers who worked for outsider promoters, and to admit any promoter into the Alliance. The NWA would flout many of these promises, but its power was nonetheless weakened by the lawsuit.
3599:) will often result in the referee's decision being overturned. It is not uncommon for the referees themselves to get knocked out during a match, which is commonly referred to by the term "ref bump". While the referee remains "unconscious", wrestlers are free to violate rules until he is revived or replaced. In some cases, a referee might disqualify a person under the presumption that it was that wrestler who knocked him out; most referee knockouts are arranged to allow a wrestler, usually a heel, to gain an advantage. For example, a wrestler may get whipped into a referee at a slower speed, knocking the ref down for short amount of time; during that interim period, one wrestler may pin his opponent for a three-count and would have won the match but for the referee being down (sometimes, another referee will sprint to the ring from backstage to attempt to make the count, but by then, the other wrestler has had enough time to kick out on his own accord). In most promotions, a championship title cannot normally change hands via disqualification; this rule is explicitly enforced in a title match under special circumstances.
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contract with the cartel to receive steady work. The contracts forbade them from performing at independent venues. A wrestler who refused to play by the cartel's rules was barred from performing at its venues. A second goal of the wrestling cartels was to establish an authority to decide who was the "world champion". Before the cartels, there were multiple wrestlers in the U.S. simultaneously calling themselves the "world champion", and this sapped public enthusiasm for professional wrestling. Likewise, the cartel could agree on a common set of match rules that the fans could keep track of. The issue over who got to be the champion and who controlled said champion was a major point of contention among the members of wrestling cartels as the champion drew big crowds wherever he performed, and this would occasionally lead to schisms.
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attempted to centralize and create their own national cable television shows to counter McMahon's rogue promotion, but it failed in part because the members of the NWA, ever protective of their territories, could not stomach submitting themselves to a central authority. Nor could any of them stomach the idea of leaving the NWA themselves to compete directly with McMahon, for that would mean their territories would become fair game for the other NWA members. McMahon also had a creative flair for TV that his rivals lacked. For instance, the AWA's TV productions during the 1980s were amateurish, low-budget, and out-of-touch with contemporary culture, which lead to the promotion's closing in 1991.
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audiences a satisfying spectacle. Fixing matches was also convenient for scheduling. A real ("shoot") match could sometimes last hours, whereas a fixed ("worked") match can be made short, which was convenient for wrestlers on tour who needed to keep appointments or share venues. It also suited wrestlers who were aging and therefore lacked the stamina for an hours-long fight. Audiences also preferred short matches. Worked matches also carried less risk of injury, which meant shorter recovery. Altogether, worked matches proved more profitable than shoots. By the end of the 19th century, nearly all professional wrestling matches were worked.
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7030:, p. 71: "Many worried promoters did not have any wrestlers under contract who combined mat skills with drawing power Faced with declining revenues, the promoters made the fateful decision to focus on developing wrestlers who possessed drawing power, with increasingly little regard given to knowledge of holds. Recognizing that much of the public now viewed professional wrestling as an entertainment form rather than an honest sport, the promoters simply gave the public what they believed it wanted. Matches became more comical and outlandish as promoters introduced gimmick matches and bizarre wrestling personas."
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competitive sport. We protected it because we believed it would collapse if we ever so much as implied publicly that it was something other than what it appeared to be. I'm not sure now the fear was ever justified given the fact that the industry is still in existence today, but the point is no one questioned the need then. "Protecting the business" in the face of criticism and skepticism was the first and most important rule a pro wrestler learned. No matter how aggressive or informed the questioner, you never admitted the industry was anything but a competitive sport.
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be on his back and, if they're lying on his stomach, it usually does not count. A count may be started at any time that a wrestler's shoulders are down (both shoulders touching the mat), back-first and any part of the opponent's body is lying over the wrestler. This often results in pins that can easily be kicked out of, if the defensive wrestler is even slightly conscious. For example, an attacking wrestler who is half-conscious may simply drape an arm over an opponent, or a cocky wrestler may place his foot gently on the opponent's body, prompting a three-count from the referee.
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2960:), the referee is present, even in matches that do not at first glance appear to require a referee (such as a ladder match, as it is no holds barred, and the criteria for victory could theoretically be assessed from afar). Although their actions are also frequently scripted for dramatic effect, referees are subject to certain general rules and requirements to maintain the theatrical appearance of unbiased authority. The most basic rule is that an action must be seen by a referee to be declared for a fall or disqualification. This allows for
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most common ways to break a submission hold. Most holds leave an arm or leg free, so that the person can tap out if they want. Instead, they use these free limbs to either grab one of the ring ropes or drape their foot across or underneath one. Once this has been accomplished and witnessed by the referee, the referee will demand that the offending wrestler break the hold and start counting to five if the wrestler does not. If the referee reaches the count of five and the wrestler still does not break the hold, they are disqualified.
5982:; a mode of theatric performance for a willing, if bloodthirsty, audience. Wrestling is described as performed art which demands an immediate reading of the juxtaposed meanings. The logical conclusion is given least importance over the theatrical performers of the wrestlers and the referee. According to Barthes, the function of a wrestler is not to win: it is to go exactly through the motions which are expected of him and to give the audience a theatrical spectacle. This work is considered a foundation of all later study.
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6796:: "Professional wrestling under the jurisdiction of the State Athletic Commission yesterday passed into the status of theatrical classification, except in isolated cases. The commission in a bulletin notified clubs that future wrestling bouts must not be advertised as matches but as shows or exhibitions, except in connection with events which have the specific approval of the commission as certified matches. The ruling was passed at a meeting attended by Commissioners William Muldoon and John J. Phelan."
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6824:: "Traditionalists like Curley were peeved, insistent on protecting the realism of the sport above all else. And through the next fifty-five years or so—more or less until Vince McMahon began admitting to the WWF's illegitimacy to get around state athletic commission fees in the late '80s—they were able to keep up the facade to some extent because the marks were always willing to accept the violence at face value, and the people who were clued in were happy to play along to further their enjoyment."
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5342:, with veterans mediating conflicts and mentoring younger wrestlers. For many decades (and still to a lesser extent today) performers were expected to keep the illusions of wrestling's legitimacy alive even while not performing, essentially acting in character any time they were in public. Some veterans speak of a "sickness" among wrestling performers, an inexplicable pull to remain active in the wrestling world despite the devastating effects the job can have on one's life and health.
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when a wrestler in the ring exits the ring. Playing into this, some wrestlers are depicted as "milking" the count by sliding in the ring and immediately sliding back out. As he was technically inside the ring for a split second before exiting again, it is sufficient to restart the count. This is often referred to by commentators as "breaking the count". Heels often use this tactic in order to buy themselves more time to catch their breath, or to attempt to frustrate their
9604:
7304:. p. 121: "For the other NWA promoters, whose stars only gained national exposure by appearing on the Georgia promotion's show, any attempt to generate countrywide interest in their product as a counter proved impossible. They did not possess the resources, nor could they stomach the idea of breaking the NWA's territorial code. McMahon played on this reluctance, moved into their territories in the wake of his television shows, and picked the NWA promoters off one by one."
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2528:, resulting in a huge exposé. The exposé neither surprised nor alienated most wrestling fans, although some promoters like Jack Curley were furious and tried to restore the facade of kayfabe as best as they could. In 1989, Vince McMahon testified before the New Jersey government that professional wrestling was not a true sport and therefore should be exempted from sports-related taxes. Many wrestlers and fans resented McMahon for this, but
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2226:, bribed Ed "Strangler" Lewis to lose his championship in a match against Gus Sonnenberg in January 1929. Bowser then broke away from the trust to form his own cartel, the American Wrestling Association (AWA), in September 1930, and he declared Sonnenberg to be the AWA champion. This AWA should not be confused with Wally Kadbo's AWA founded in 1960. Curley reacted to this move by convincing the National Boxing Association to form the
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teams regardless if they are on the same team or not. As a result of this stipulation, tags between different teams are not usually mutual effort; a non-legal wrestler will usually tag themselves in against the legal wrestler's will. A legal wrestler will only voluntarily tag themselves out to another team if their own partner is incapacitated, or are being held in a submission hold and are closer to another tag team than their own.
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6686:: "Between 1915 and 1920, pro wrestling went into a tailspin thanks in part to widespread newspaper publicity that for the first time was questioning pro wrestling's authenticity as a legitimate, competitive sport. What they did was simply get rid of competitive wrestling at the professional level. The fans craved excitement and dramatic action, so the promoters decided to give it to them by performing every match."
2037:"Double-crosses", where a wrestler agreed to lose a match but nevertheless fought to win, remained a problem in the early cartel days. At times a promoter would even award a victorious double-crosser the title of champion to preserve the facade of sport. But promoters punished such wrestlers by blacklisting them, making it quite challenging to find work. Double-crossers could also be sued for breach of contract, such as
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and secure that prize for their team. As a result, the ladder can be used as a weapon. The prizes include, but are not limited to, any given championship belt (the traditional prize), a document granting the winner the right to a future title shot, or any document that matters to the wrestlers involved in the match (such as one granting the winner a cash prize). Something that is also common in pro wrestling is the
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2847:(and similar systems across Europe) consist of a series of rounds – typically six rounds each lasting three minutes or until a fall or submission is scored, with a thirty-second break between each round and can either be two-out-of-three falls, one fall to a finish (mostly for low-priority warmup matches) or the wrestler with the most falls wins at the end of the final round.
2914:. In a battle royal, all the wrestlers enter the ring to the point that there are 20–30 wrestlers in the ring at one time. When the match begins, the simple objective is to throw the opponent over the top rope and out of the ring with both feet on the floor to eliminate that opponent. The last wrestler standing is declared the winner. A variant on this type of match is the
2278:, withdrew from the NWA. Vince K. McMahon then took over as its boss. No longer bound by the territorial pact of the NWA, McMahon began expanding his promotion into the territories of his former NWA peers, now his rivals. By the end of the 1980s, the WWF would become the sole national wrestling promotion in the U.S. This was in part made possible by the rapid spread of
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wrestling was previously considered a niche interest, but the TV networks at the time were short on content and thus were willing to try some wrestling shows. In the 1960s, however, the networks moved on to more mainstream interests such as baseball, and professional wrestling was dropped. The core audience then shrunk back to a profile similar to that of the 1930s.
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performers who show potential, thus allowing them greater exposure to the audience. Other circumstances may also determine the use of a championship. A combination of a championship's lineage, the caliber of performers as champion, and the frequency and manner of title changes, dictates the audience's perception of the title's quality, significance and reputation.
2169:(villainous). Native Americans, cowboys, and English aristocrats were staple characters in the 1930s and 1940s. Before the age of television, some wrestlers played different personas depending on the region they were performing in. This eventually came to an end in the age of national television wrestling shows, which forced wrestlers to stick to one persona.
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public by this time knew and accepted that professional wrestling was fake, realism was no longer paramount and a background in authentic wrestling no longer mattered. After this time, matches became more outlandish and gimmicky and any semblance professional wrestling had to catch wrestling faded. The personas of the wrestlers likewise grew more outlandish.
1974:
encourage challenges, the carnival operators staged rigged matches in which an accomplice posing as a visitor challenged the champion and won, giving the audience the impression that the champion was easy to beat. This practice taught wrestlers the art of staging rigged matches and fostered a mentality that spectators were marks to be duped. The term
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loss suffered as a result of violating a match rule), the two concepts are often distinct in wrestling. A no disqualification match can still end by countout (although this is rare). Typically, a match must be declared a "no holds barred" match, a "street fight" or some other term, in order for both disqualifications and countouts to be waived.
4166:(including love triangles and marriage), racism, classism, nepotism, favoritism, corporate corruption, family bonds, personal histories, grudges, theft, cheating, assault, betrayal, bribery, seduction, stalking, confidence tricks, extortion, blackmail, substance abuse, self-doubt, self-sacrifice; even kidnapping, sexual fetishism, necrophilia,
5114:). It is a "triumph" if the face wins, while it is a "tragedy" if the heel wins. The characters usually have strong and sharp personalities. The opposition between faces and heels is very intense in the story, and the heels may even attack the faces during TV interviews. The relationship between different characters can also be very complex.
6452:, p. 39: "The business of professional wrestling is the business of theatre. Even if on the surface professional wrestling seems anathema to theatrical sensibilities, it is hard to deny the formal similarities. After all, professional wrestling is scripted entertainment performed live in front of an audience by actors portraying characters."
3595:, interference, or assaulting the referee. In WWE, the plot convention is that a referee must see the violation with his own eyes to rule that the match end in a disqualification (simply watching the video tape is usually not enough) and the referee's ruling is almost always final, although "Dusty finishes" (named after, and made famous by,
3359:, became famous for their fictional depictions of winning matches via submission. A wrestler with a signature submission technique is portrayed as better at applying the hold, making it more painful or more difficult to get out of than others, or can be falsely credited as inventing the hold (such as when Tazz popularized the
3959:) are strongly identified with their character, even responding to the name in public or between friends. Proper decorum is for wrestlers to refer to each other by their stage names/characters rather than their birth/legal names, unless otherwise introduced. A character can become so popular that it appears in other media (
2321:(WCW). In 1988, Ted Turner bought JCP and formally renamed it World Championship Wrestling. During the 1990s, WCW became a credible rival to the WWF, but by end it suffered from a series of creative missteps that led to its failure and purchase by the WWF. One of its mistakes was that it diminished the glamor of its
6607:, p. 39: " Muldoon instituted time limits in his touring matches, a practice that became increasingly common, as a means of keeping his troupe on schedule and to limit the potential for defeat or injury. From this relatively benign alteration, professional wrestling slowly became an exercise in pure entertainment."
3276:. Pins such as these are rarely seen by the referee and are often used by heels and on occasion by cheating faces to win matches. Even if it is noticed, storylines rarely result in a disqualification and instead it simply results in nullification of the pin attempt, so the wrestler rarely has anything to lose.
5178:) is also different. With its origins in traditional American style of wrestling and still being under the same genre, it has become an entity in itself. Despite the similarity to its American counterpart, in that the outcome of the matches remains predetermined, the phenomena are different in the form of the
5220:, and unlike the use of involved storylines in the U.S., they are not as intricate in Japan; more emphasis is placed on the concept of "fighting spirit", meaning the wrestlers' display of physical and mental stamina are valued a lot more than theatrics. Many of Japan's wrestlers including top stars such as
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restrictions, many mixed tag matches do feature some physical interaction between participants of different genders. For example, a heel may take a cheap shot at the female wrestler of the opposing team to draw a negative crowd reaction. In lucha libre, cheap shots and male-female attacks are not uncommon.
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these knockouts are rarely used or mentioned as logically it makes more sense for a wrestler to actively pin an opponent for three seconds rather than leaving an opponent the chance to stand up before ten. In such
European promotions, countouts as described below are treated as a variant of a knockout.
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came from a legitimate martial arts background and many
Japanese wrestlers in the 1990s began to pursue careers in mixed martial arts organizations such as Pancrase and Shooto which at the time retained the original look of puroresu but were actual competitions. Other companies, such as Michinoku Pro
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The U.S./Canada, northwest Europe (the U.K, Germany/Austria and France), Japan and Mexico are four areas worldwide where there is a huge market and high popularity for professional wrestling, but the fictional styles of each region are different, given their independent development for a long period.
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All notable wrestlers now enter the ring accompanied by music, and regularly add other elements to their entrance. The music played during the ring entrance will usually mirror the wrestler's personality. Many wrestlers, particularly in the U.S., have music and lyrics specially written for their ring
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power. In general, a wrestler with multiple title reigns or an extended title reign is indicative of a wrestler's ability to maintain audience interest or a wrestler's ability to perform in the ring. As such, the most accomplished or decorated wrestlers tend to be revered as legends due to the amount
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A performance can be depicted as ending in a countout (alternatively "count-out" or "count out"), where wrestler is out of the ring long enough for the referee to count to ten (twenty in some promotions) and thus, under the event's fictional premise, is disqualified. The count is broken and restarted
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A wrestler can also request a ten-count from the referee when, under the event's fictional premise, they think an opponent is sufficiently incapacitated to not be able to stand before the count of ten. Except in traditional
European promotions where following down on a fallen opponent was prohibited,
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Feigning unconsciousness far longer than they would normally otherwise be out, or using convenient distractions to look away from the wrestlers for a prolonged period of time. This allows for greater opportunities for run-ins or use of illegal weapons and tactics, or can be used as an excuse to avoid
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In performances staged with multiple competitors, an elimination system may be used. Any wrestler who has a fall scored against them is forced out of the match, and the match continues until only one remains. It is much more common when more than two wrestlers are involved to simply go one fall, with
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is 1 fall. These matches have a time limit; if not enough falls are scored by the end of the time limit, the match is presented as draw. Modern matches are generally given a 10- to 30-minute time limit for standard matches; title matches can go for up to one hour. British wrestling matches held under
2176:
Towards the end of the 1930s, faced with declining revenues, promoters chose to focus on grooming charismatic wrestlers with no regard for their skill because it was charisma that drew the crowds, and wrestlers who were both skilled at grappling and charismatic were hard to come by. Since most of the
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By the 1930s, with the exception of the occasional double-cross or business dispute, shoot matches were essentially nonexistent. In April 1930, the New York State
Athletic Commission decreed that all professional wrestling matches held in the state had to be advertised as exhibitions unless certified
1969:
eventually becoming the most popular style. At first, professional wrestlers were genuine competitive fighters, but they struggled to draw audiences because
Americans did not find real wrestling to be very entertaining, so the wrestlers quietly began faking their matches so that they could give their
5468:
From the first established world championship, the top professional wrestlers have garnered fame within mainstream society. Each successive generation has produced a number of wrestlers who extend their careers into the realms of music, acting, writing, business, politics or public speaking, and are
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who had learned his craft in 1970s Mexico. By the beginning of the 1990s in all three countries, local styles of wrestling were largely supplanted in mainstream popular culture by the WWF and WCW. While the traditional styles survive at grassroots level they face stiff competition not only from the
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won the original World Women's title. She then formed the World Women's
Wrestling Association in the early 1950s and recognized herself as the first champion, although the championship was vacated upon her retirement in 1956. The NWA ceased to acknowledge Burke as the Women's World champion in 1954,
4377:
While the wrestling matches themselves are the primary focus of professional wrestling, a key dramatic element of the business can be entrances of the wrestlers to the arena and ring. It is typical for a wrestler to get their biggest crowd reaction (or "pop") for their ring entrance, rather than for
4037:
is a good example of having more heel and face turns than anyone in WWE history. Sometimes a character's heel turn will become so popular that eventually the audience response will alter the character's heel-face cycle to the point where the heel persona will, in practice, become a face persona, and
3734:
A variant of the draw is the time-limit draw, where the match does not have a winner by a specified time period; a one-hour draw, which was once common, is known in wrestling circles as a "Broadway". In
European promotions where wrestling is traditionally timed in rounds, a best of three falls match
3638:
Although extremely rare, some fictional storylines involve a match ending in a forfeit if the opponent is depicted as either does not show up for the match, or shows up but refuses to compete. Although the plot premise is that championship usually cannot change hands except by pinfall or submission,
3436:
Disqualification (sometimes abbreviated as "DQ") occurs when a wrestler violates the rules established as part of the performance's fictional premise, thus losing automatically. Although a countout can technically be considered a disqualification (as it is, for all intents and purposes, an automatic
3402:
A performer can also be presented as winning by technical knockout even if he does not resort to submission holds, but still beats the opponent to the point of unconsciousness or to the impossibility to defend himself. To check for a technical knockout in this manner a referee would wave his hand in
3267:
A matches fictional premise may allow a score by pinfall, in which a wrestling performer must pin both his opponent's shoulders against the mat while the referee slaps the mat three times (referred to as a "three count"). This is the most common form presented a defeat. The pinned wrestler must also
3137:
Sometimes, poly-sided matches that pit every man for himself will incorporate tagging rules. Outside of kayfabe, this is done to give wrestlers a break from the action (as these matches tend to go on for long periods of time), and to make the action in the ring easier to choreograph. One of the most
3118:
Some multi-wrestler matches allow for a set number of legal wrestlers; this rule is commonplace in four-way tag team matches, where only two wrestlers are legal in the match, meaning two teams will have both members on the outside at any given time. In these matches, tags can be made between any two
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may be used from time to time; by virtue of their celebrity status, they are often scripted to dispense with the appearance of neutrality and use their influence to unfairly influence the outcome of the match for added dramatic impact. Face special referees will often fight back against hostile heel
2782:
Matches are staged between two or more sides ("corners"). Each corner may consist of one wrestler, or a team of two or more. Most team matches are nominally governed by tag team rules. Other matches present under the premise of a free-for-alls, with multiple combatants but no teams. In all variants,
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in the 1980s. The national broadcast networks generally regarded professional wrestling as too niche an interest, and had not broadcast any national wrestling shows since the 1950s. Before cable TV, a typical
American household only received four national channels by antenna, and ten to twelve local
2172:
Wrestlers also often used some sort of gimmick, such as a finishing move, eccentric mannerisms, or out-of-control behavior (in the case of heels). The matches could also be gimmicky sometimes, with wrestlers fighting in mud and piles of tomatoes and so forth. The most successful and enduring gimmick
2013:
Several reasons explain why professional wrestling became fake whereas boxing endured as a legitimate sport. Firstly, wrestling was more entertaining when it was faked, whereas fakery did not make boxing any more entertaining. Secondly, in a rigged boxing match, the designated loser must take a real
4860:(NYSAC) in 1977 because she was denied a boxing license because she was a woman, and the case was decided in her favor later that year, with the judge invalidating New York State rule number 205.15, which stated, "No woman may be licensed as a boxer or second or licensed to compete in any wrestling
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While each wrestling match is ostensibly a competition of athletics and strategy, the goal from a business standpoint is to excite and entertain the audience. Although the competition is staged, dramatic emphasis draws out the most intense reaction. Heightened interest results in higher attendance,
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storyline, or other fictional circumstances presenting the scheduled match to even begin. A no contest is a state separate and distinct from a draw — a draw indicates winning conditions were met. Although the terms are sometimes used interchangeably in practice, this usage is technically incorrect.
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In some team matches, there is a fictional premise that only one entrant from each team may be designated as the "legal" or "active" wrestler at any given moment. Two wrestlers must make physical contact in the corner (typically palm-to-palm) to transfer this legal status. This is known as a "tag",
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mat with posts on each corner. A cloth apron hangs over the edges of the ring. Three horizontal ropes or cables surround the ring, suspended with turnbuckles which are connected to the posts. For safety, the ropes are padded at the turnbuckles and cushioned mats surround the floor outside the ring.
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Prior experience in legitimate wrestling is not a requirement for aspiring professional wrestlers, but is seen as an advantageous background. Despite its scripted format, there have been quite a number of performers throughout the history of pro wrestling who have had prior experience in legitimate
2098:
Newspapers tended to shun professional wrestling, as journalists saw its theatrical pretense to being a legitimate sport as untruthful. Eventually promoters resorted to publishing their own magazines in order to get press coverage and communicate with fans. The first professional wrestling magazine
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among
American wrestlers in the 19th century, who sought initially to carry out gambling-related scams and later to make matches shorter, more entertaining, and less physically taxing. As the public gradually realized and accepted that matches were predetermined, wrestlers responded by increasingly
9097:
We train to take damage, we know we are going to take damage and we accept that," he says, adopting the air of a very muscular guru. "We know we are going to be slammed and we're going to be hit and we're going to be fallen on. We know we're going to dive onto concrete floors. We are tempting fate
7346:: "However, I cannot condemn the WWF for announcing to the world that pro wrestling is an entertainment, which it did in New Jersey in 1987 when it was trying to escape from the scrutiny of that state's athletic commission. It was a shrewd move for someone in that situation, and it succeeded."
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is one wrestler who is famous performances in which forfeit victories were turned into his own gimmick. During the late 1990s, Wright called himself "The
Godfather" and portrayed the gimmick of a pimp. He often brought multiple women, whom he referred to as "hos", to the ring with him, and offered
3427:
In most major modern promotions, championships are not permitted to change hands via a countout, unless the on-screen authority figure declares otherwise; this rule varies in some promotions, however. In some storylines, heels are presented take advantage of this and will intentionally get counted
2905:
In the basic ladder match, the premise is wrestlers or teams of wrestlers must climb a ladder to obtain a prize that is hoist above the ring. The key to winning this match is that the wrestler or team of wrestlers must try to incapacitate each other long enough for one wrestler to climb the ladder
2503:
Today's performers don't "protect" the industry like we did, but that's primarily because they've already exposed it by relying on silly or downright ludicrous characters and gimmicks to gain popularity with the fans. It was different in my day, when our product was presented as an authentic,
2110:
Before the advent of television, professional wrestling's fanbase largely consisted of children, the elderly, blue-collar workers and minorities. When television arose in the 1940s, professional wrestling got national exposure on prime-time television and gained widespread popularity. Professional
5360:
Some fans enjoy a pastime of collecting recordings of wrestling shows from specific companies, of certain wrestlers, or of specific genres. The internet has given fans exposure to worldwide variations of wrestling they are unable to otherwise see. Since the 1990s, many companies have been founded
5101:
Professional wrestling in the U.S. and overlapping into Canada, tends to have a heavy focus on story building and the establishment of characters (and their personalities). There is a story for each match, and even a longer story for successive matches. The stories usually contain characters like
4963:
Midget wrestling can be traced to professional wrestling's carnival and vaudeville origins. In recent years, the popularity and prevalence of midgets in wrestling has greatly decreased due to wrestling companies depriving midget divisions of storyline or feud. WWE has made a few attempts to enter
3366:
Under wrestling nominal rules, all contact between the wrestlers must cease if any part of the body is touching or underneath the ropes. As such, many performances will attempt to break submission holds by deliberately grabbing the bottom ropes. This is called a "rope break", and it is one of the
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and Tony Packs. The promoters colluded to solve a number of problems that hurt their profits. Firstly, they could force their wrestlers to perform for less money. As the cartel grew, there were fewer independent promoters where independent wrestlers could find work, and many were forced to sign a
1991:
American wrestlers are notorious for the amount of faking they do. It is because of this fact that suspicion attaches to so many bouts that the game is not popular here. Nine out of ten bouts, it has been said, are pre-arranged affairs, and it would be no surprise if the ratio of fixed matches to
5244:
with its stronger emphasis on pure technical skill (particularly chain sequences of counters/reversals/escapes from holds) and high proportion of clean sportsmanly scientific matches between two "blue-eyes" as babyfaces were called there. This spread across mainland Europe (where it was known as
3743:
A wrestling match may be declared a no contest if, under the fictional storyline, the winning conditions are unable to occur. The storyline may attribute such an outcome to factors such as excessive interference, the loss of referee's control over the match, an injury unrelated to the fictitious
3423:
If all the active wrestlers in a match are down inside the ring at the same time, the referee begins a count (usually ten seconds, twenty in Japan). If nobody rises to their feet by the end of the count, the match is ruled a draw. Any participant who stands up in time ends the count for everyone
2298:
in September 1983. McMahon's TV shows made his wrestlers national celebrities, so when he held matches in a new city, attendance was high because there was a waiting fanbase cultivated in advance by the cable TV shows. The NWA's traditional anti-competitive tricks were no match for this. The NWA
1973:
A major influence on professional wrestling was carnival culture. Wrestlers in the late 19th century worked in carnival shows. For a fee, a visitor could challenge the wrestler to a quick match. If the challenger defeated the champion in a short time frame, usually 15 minutes, he won a prize. To
4314:
interest in terms of event attendance and television viewership. Historically, a world champion was typically a legit shooter/hooker who had the skills to prevent double crosses by shooters who would deviate from the planned finish for personal glory. Lower ranked titles may also be used on the
3586:
In the fictional universe of some promotions, not all rule violations result in a disqualification as the referee may be depicted as using his own judgement and is not obligated to stop the match. Usually, the only offenses that the referee will see and immediately disqualify a wrestler for (as
2753:
Professional wrestlers do not follow an industry-standard set of rules, unlike most sporting events, which generally have a governing body to regulate competitions. While each promoter can set his own standards, promoters have long understood that fans enjoy professional wrestling more when all
2083:
Not the least interesting of all the minor phenomena produced by the current fashion of wrestling is the universal discussion as to the honesty of the matches. And certainly the most interesting phrase of this discussion is the unanimous agreement: "Who cares if they're fixed or not—the show is
3629:
match) have been disqualified. The match is essentially nullified and called a draw or in some cases a restart or the same match being held at a pay-per-view or next night's show. Sometimes, in a match to determine the challenger for a heel champion's title, the champion is forced to face both
3163:
Regardless of rules of tagging, a wrestler cannot pin his or her own tag team partner, even if it is technically possible from the rules of the match (e.g. Texas Tornado rules, or a three-way tag team match). This is called the "Outlaw Rule" because the first team to attempt to use that (in an
2399:
In professional wrestling, two factors decide the way of proceedings: the "in-show" happenings, presented through the shows; and real-life happenings outside the work that have implications, such as performer contracts, legitimate injuries, etc. Because actual life events are often co-opted by
2009:
recalled that between 1915 and 1920, a series of exposés in the newspapers about the integrity of professional wrestling alienated a lot of fans, sending the industry "into a tailspin". But rather than perform more shoot matches, professional wrestlers instead committed themselves wholesale to
4680:
during his heel persona would occasionally have the announcer begrudgingly announce him as "He's better than you, and you know it...", generally after a large victory for the character, or being surrounded by henchman of his that threaten to harm the announcer if they do not read off the card
4236:
Since the crowd is often too loud or the venue too large for promos to be heard naturally, wrestlers generally use amplification when speaking in the ring. Unlike most stage acting, large and highly visible handheld microphones are typically used and wrestlers frequently speak directly to the
3114:
The non-legal wrestlers must remain outside the ring or other legal area at all times (and avoid purposeful contact with the opposing wrestlers) or face reprimand from the referee. In most promotions, the wrestler to be tagged in must be touching the turnbuckle on his corner, or a cloth strap
2033:
The primary rationale for shoot matches at this point was challenges from independent wrestlers. But a cartelized wrestler, if challenged, could credibly use his contractual obligations to his promoter as an excuse to refuse the challenge. Promotions would sometimes respond to challenges with
2221:
By 1925, this cartel had divided the country up into territories which were the exclusive domains of specific promoters. This system of territories endured until Vince McMahon drove the fragmented cartels out of the market in the 1980s. This cartel fractured in 1929 after one of its members,
4074:
While real exhibition matches are now not uncommon, most matches tell a story analogous to an episode of a serial drama: the face will from time to time win (triumph) or from time to time lose (tragedy), and longer story arcs can result from a couple of matches. Since most promotions have a
3475:
Performing any illegal holds or maneuvers, such as refusing to break a hold when an opponent is in the ropes, hair-pulling, choking or biting an opponent, or repeatedly punching with a closed fist. These violations are usually subject to a referee-administered five count and will result in
2837:
Most wrestling matches last for a set number of falls, with the first side to achieve the majority number of pinfalls, submissions, or countouts being the kayfabe winner. Historically, the matches went to 3 falls ("best 2 out of 3") or 5 falls ("best 3 out of 5"). For modern wrestling, the
4874:
In the 1980s, mixed tag team matches began to take place, with a male and female on each team and a rule stating that each wrestler could only attack the opponent of the same gender. If a tag was made, the other team had to automatically switch their legal wrestler as well. Despite these
6905:. chpt. 27: "It had a brief renaissance in the 1950s, thanks to the new medium of TV, which needed content, and all the networks started airing matches. pro wrestling's fakery was still a fundamental problem; it was a niche taste; as TV got flush and respectable, the networks moved on."
5813:
are among the highest-selling pay-per-view programming each year. In modern day, internet programming has been utilized by a number of companies to air web shows, internet pay per views (IPPVs) or on-demand content, helping to generate internet-related revenue earnings from the evolving
2493:
is the practice of pretending that professional wrestling is a true sport. Wrestlers would at all times flatly deny allegations that they fixed their matches, and they often remained in-character in public even when not performing. When in public, wrestlers would sometimes say the word
3279:
Occasionally, there are instances where a pinfall is presented as being made where both wrestlers' shoulders were on the mat for the three-count. This situation will most likely lead to a draw, and in some cases a continuation of the match or a future match to determine the winner.
2626:. The attacks in these matches are designed to appear dramatic while reducing the risk of serious injury as much as possible. Overall, the performers aim to minimize the actual injurious impact of their moves while maximizing their entertainment value. Shows produced by the largest
4416:
was a trio of wrestlers who were (in kayfabe) not at the time under contract with WWE (hence their gimmick of entering the ring through the crowd), but they still had entrance music which was played whenever they entered the arena, despite the fact that they were kayfabe invaders.
2602:
to the sporting event being portrayed, and are encouraged to interact as such. This leads to a high level of audience participation; in fact, their reactions can dictate how the performance unfolds. Often, individual matches will be part of a longer story line conflict between
3424:
else, while in a Last Man Standing match this form of a countout is the only way that the match can end, so the referee counts when one or more wrestlers are down and one wrestler standing up before the 10-count does not stop the count for another wrestler who is still down.
3374:
decides that their wrestler presented as their client should tap out, but cannot convince the wrestler to do so, they may "throw in the towel" (by literally taking a gym towel and hurling it into the ring where the referee can see it). This is the same as a submission, as in
3399:. To determine if a wrestler has passed out in WWE, the referee usually picks up and drops his hand. If it drops to the mat or floor one or three consecutive times without the wrestler having the strength to hold it up, the wrestler is considered to have passed out.
5451:
2638:
are sometimes staged at outdoor venues; these shows are generally video recorded for live or delayed broadcasting for an audience all over the world. Additionally filmed footage known as "segments" or "promos" are usually used to accompany the drama in these shows.
2034:"policemen": powerful wrestlers who lacked the charisma to become stars, but could defeat and often seriously injure any challenger in a shoot match. As the industry trend continued, there were fewer independent wrestlers to make such challenges in the first place.
3142:
before it was replaced with its equivalent Fatal Four-Way; four wrestlers, each for himself, fight in a match, but only two wrestlers can be in the match at any given time. The other two are positioned in the corner, and tags can be made between any two wrestlers.
2733:
Professional wrestlers nominally compete under rules promulgated by wrestling promotions. However, the rules are not legitimate standards for sporting activity, instead serving as a basis to advance plotlines, similar to the artificial constraints imposed in other
5133:
performing a triple team move on their opponents. This is a characteristic in Lucha Libre, wrestlers can enter into the ring without being disqualified on time if it is a tag team match, something that in American wrestling is illegal and a cause of losing by
3935:), or may change from time to time to better suit the demands of the audience or company. Sometimes a character is owned and trademarked by the company, forcing the wrestler to find a new one when he leaves (although a simple typeset change, such as changing
2863:
the one scoring the fall, regardless of who they scored it against, being the winner. In championship matches, this means that, unlike one-on-one matches (where the champion can simply disqualify himself or get himself counted out to retain the title via the
6174:. The ring is often made out of 2-by-12-inch (5 by 30 cm) timber planks. There have been many brutal accidents, hits and injuries. Many of the injuries that occur in pro wrestling are shoulders, knee, back, neck, and rib injuries. Professional wrestler
2964:
characters to gain a scripted advantage by distracting or disabling the referee to perform some ostensibly illegal maneuver on their opponent. Most referees are unnamed and essentially anonymous, though some wrestling promotions, most notably in the present
5491:
Some terminology originating in professional wrestling has found its way into the common vernacular. Phrases such as "body slam", "sleeper hold" and "tag team" are used by those who do not follow professional wrestling. The term "smackdown", popularized by
2014:
beating for his "defeat" to be convincing, but wrestling holds can be faked convincingly without inflicting injury. This meant that boxers were less willing to "take dives"; they wanted to have a victory for all the pain to which they subjected themselves.
5048:
described professional wrestling as "sportive entertainment". In 1989, the WWF used the phrase in a case it made to the New Jersey Senate for classifying professional wrestling as "sports entertainment" and thus not subject to regulation like a directly
6892:, p. 105: "When the national audience of the early 1950s ebbed, wrestling found itself buoyed by a fan-base similar to that of the pretelevision era. The very young, the very old, blue-collar workers, and minorities became wrestling's core audience."
5337:
and passed-down traditions. New performers are expected to "pay their dues" for a few years by working in lower-profile promotions and working as ring crew before working their way upward. The permanent rosters of most promotions develop a backstage
5967:
In the early 20th century, once it became apparent that the "sport" was worked, pro wrestling was looked down on as a cheap entertainment for the uneducated working class, an attitude that still exists to varying degrees today. The French theorist
4032:
after being a top face for over a decade. Others may have no noticeable effect on the character's status. If a character repeatedly switches between face and heel, this lessens the effect of such turns, and may result in apathy from the audience.
3271:
In some promotions, there is a premise that certain pinning methods are disallowed, including using the ropes for leverage and hooking the opponent's clothing. As a plot device, disallowed pinning methods can be depicted as a cheating method for
5376:
storylines with other users, leading to scheduled "shows" where match results are determined by the organizers, usually based on a combination of the characters' statistics and the players' roleplaying aptitude, sometimes with audience voting.
3111:
with the participants "tagging out" and "tagging in". Typically, the wrestler who is tagging out has a five count to leave the ring, whereas the one tagging in can enter the ring at any time, resulting in heels legally double-teaming a face.
2854:
involves is a match set for a prescribed length of time, with a running tally of falls. The entrant with the most falls at the end of the time limit is declared the winner. This is usually for 20, 30 or 60 minutes, and is commonly called an
3531:
have ejected numerous wrestlers during events, all for outside interference). In this disqualification method, the wrestler being attacked by the foreign member is awarded the win. Sometimes this can work in heels' favor. In February 2009,
4028:", altering their face/heel alignment. This may be an abrupt, surprising event, or it may slowly build over time. It is almost always accomplished with a markable change in behavior. Some turns become defining points in a career, as when
6747:: "Charges which were substantiated, were made in court to the effect that most of the big matches, and all of the championship bouts, were fixed affairs, with the challenger chosen by the promoters and the champion assured of victory."
3002:
counting a pinfall or calling a submission in the face's favor. The referee often instantly up the moment the heel wrestler seems to have an advantage, usually the moment the heel goes for the pinfall or applies a submission finisher.
2173:
to emerge from the 1930s were tag-team matches. Promoters noticed that matches slowed down as the wrestlers in the ring tired, so they gave them partners to relieve them. It also gave heels another way to misbehave by double-teaming.
2795:
Guardrails or a similar barrier enclose this area from the audience. Wrestlers are generally expected to stay within the confines of the ring, though matches sometimes end up moving outside the ring, and even into the audience.
5361:
which deal primarily in wrestling footage. When the WWE purchased both WCW and ECW in 2001, they also obtained the entire past video libraries of both productions and have released many past matches online and on home video.
2308:
In the spring of 1984, the WWF purchased Georgia Championship Wrestling (GCW), which had been ailing for some time due to financial mismanagement and internal squabbles. In the deal, the WWF acquired the GCW's timeslot on
4484:
has been known to use on-screen visual effects in his entrance to simulate the presentation of a feature film (i.e. widescreen, production company credits), as to emphasize his Hollywood-themed film aficionado character.
3581:
In a mixed tag team match, a male wrestler hitting a female wrestler (intergender), or a normal sized wrestler attacking an opposing midget wrestler (tag team matches involving teams with one normal-sized and one midget
5150:
who, more often, rely on power moves and strikes to subdue their opponents. The difference in styles is due to the independent evolution of the sport in Mexico beginning in the 1930s and the fact that wrestlers in the
2498:
to each other as a coded signal that there were fans present and they needed to be in character. Professional wrestlers in the past strongly believed that if they admitted the truth, their audiences would desert them.
3664:
is to insert a last-minute replacement rather than award a wrestler a victory by forfeit. Forfeit victories are almost always reserved for when the story the promotion is telling specifically requires such an ending.
5469:
known to those who are unfamiliar with wrestling in general. Conversely, celebrities from other sports or general pop culture also become involved with wrestling for brief periods of time. A prime example of this is
5349:. Those who are interested in the backstage occurrences, future storylines and reasonings behind company decisions read newsletters written by journalists with inside ties to the wrestling industry. These "rags" or "
4150:
Throughout the history of professional wrestling, many other elements of media have been utilized in professional wrestling storytelling: pre- and post-match interviews, "backstage" skits, positions of authority and
6932:
5056:
In subsequent years, WWE began to insist that its talent use "sports entertainment", and not "pro wrestling", to describe its business, to the point that the term was sometimes used in other promotions to generate
2030:). These promoters sought to make long-term plans with their wrestlers, and to ensure their more charismatic and crowd-pleasing wrestlers received championships, further entrenching the desire for worked matches.
9426:
Olson, Cristopher; Reinhard, Carrie Lynn D. (2021). "Wrestling with Eating Disorders: Transmedia Depictions of Body Issues in WWE's Women's Professional Wrestling". In Johnson, Malynnda; Olson, Cristopher (eds.).
4078:
Some matches are designed to further the story of only one participant. It could be intended to portray an unstoppable force, a lucky underdog, a sore loser, or any other characterization. Sometimes non-wrestling
3514:
Any outside interference involving a person not involved in the match striking or holding a wrestler. Sometimes (depending on the promotion and uniqueness of the situation), if a heel attempts to interfere but is
5285:
in 1982. Meanwhile, in both the U.K. and France, national television coverage from the 1950s to the late 1980s made household names of top stars. In the U.K. in the late 1970s and through the 1980s, the dominant
2411:). The actions of the character in shows must be considered fictional, wholly separate from the life of the performer. This is similar to other entertainers who perform with a persona that shares their own name.
7278:. chpt. 6: "The second rise of wrestling, the territorial rise, came with the advent of UHF television, because now instead of having three or four TV stations, you had maybe 10 or 12, but they were all local."
6939:: "Professional wrestling" means an activity in which participants struggle hand-in-hand primarily for the purpose of providing entertainment to spectators rather than conducting a bona fide athletic contest."
3310:
A performer may appear to voluntarily submit by verbally informing the referee (usually used in moves such as the Mexican Surfboard, where all four limbs are incapacitated, making tapping impossible). Since
3555:). Sometimes the win decision can be reversed if the referee spots the weapon before pin attempt or after the match because a wrestler tried to strike when the referee was either distracted or knocked out.
2313:. McMahon agreed to keep showing Georgia wrestling matches in that timeslot, but he was unable to get his staff to Atlanta every Saturday to fulfill this obligation, so he sold GCW and its TBS timeslot to
4745:
event. For example, WrestleMania III and VI both saw all wrestlers enter the arena on motorized miniature wrestling rings. Live bands are sometimes hired to perform live entrance music at special events.
4197:
Commentators have become important in communicating the relevance of the characters' actions to the story at hand, filling in past details and pointing out subtle actions that may otherwise go unnoticed.
1929:
match is a genuine contest where both wrestlers fight to win and are therefore "straight shooters", which comes from a carny term for a shooting gallery gun whose sights were not deliberately misaligned.
6765:: "Most of the contests I saw during my career took place in the gym during workouts, and the ones staged in front of paying customers were done to settle business disputes among rival wrestling groups."
5064:
Despite its association with WWE, the term "sports entertainment" is not inherently limited to pro wrestling, and can also encompass other forms of sports-based events. Many represent variants of actual
2922:
where two wrestlers enter the ring to start the match and other wrestlers follow in 90 second intervals (previously 2 minutes) until 30–40 wrestlers have entered the ring. All other rules stay the same.
1443:
4013:
have also become prominent in professional wrestling. There is also a less common role of a "tweener", who is neither fully face nor fully heel yet able to play either role effectively (case in point,
2263:
as the world champion without the approval of the NWA. Gagne asked for a match against the recognized NWA champion Pat O'Connor. The NWA refused to honor the request, so Gagne and Minneapolis promoter
4147:
of a wrestling show is generally the most heated. Commonly, a heel will hold the upper hand over a face until a final showdown, heightening dramatic tension as the face's fans desire to see them win.
2131:
that professional wrestling is not a real sport because its matches have predetermined outcomes. Shortly thereafter, New Jersey deregulated professional wrestling. The WWF then rebranded itself as a "
9725:
5294:. Eventually however the sheer lopsided nature of his victories over heels alienated fellow wrestlers and adult fans alike to the point where both groups defected in droves to opposition promoter
3625:
If all participants in a match continue to breach the referee's instructions, the staged performance may presented as ending in a double disqualification, where both wrestlers and/or teams (in a
9838:
6783:
4676:
would enter with his theme music, but would notably have a microphone descend from the ceiling when he reached the ring, where he would announce himself, rather than the traditional announcer.
3476:
disqualification if the wrestler does not cease the offending behavior in time. Note that the ban on closed fists does not apply if the attacker is in midair when the punch connects, like with
3319:", that is, tapping a free hand against the mat or against an opponent. Submission was initially a large factor in professional wrestling, but following the decline of the submission-oriented
8346:
Dragon Gate is a unique promotion as they still follow many of wrestling's biggest traditions, one being that veterans get theirs first because rookies need to "pay their dues" like they did.
6096:
3602:
In traditional European promotions, severe or persistent infractions of the rules result in a formal caution, called a "public warning" in the U.K., "avertissement" (warning) in France and a
4233:, short for promotional interview. Promos are performed, or "cut" in wrestling jargon, for a variety of reasons, including to heighten interest in a wrestler, or to hype an upcoming match.
2189:. He also wore a costume: a robe and hairnet, which he removed after getting in the ring. He also had a pre-match ritual where his "butler" would spray the ring with perfume. In the 1980s,
8285:
7512:
6473:
2754:
matches appear to follow a consistent set of rules. The rules described in this section represent common standards but may not precisely align with the ruleset of any specific promotion.
2267:
established the American Wrestling Association in 1960. This AWA should not be confused with Paul Bowser's AWA, which ceased operations just two months prior. Gagne's AWA operated out of
2071:, maintaining no pretense that wrestling was real and passing on planned results just before the matches took place. While fans were neither surprised nor alienated, traditionalists like
3630:
opponents simultaneously for the title. Usually, the double disqualification is caused by the heel wrestler's associates in a match between two face wrestlers to determine his opponent.
6958:
5167:'s ropes to catapult themselves towards their opponents, using intricate combinations in rapid-fire succession, and applying complex submission holds. Lucha libre is also known for its
7882:
1869:, wrestling enjoys widespread popularity as a genuine sport, and the phrase "professional wrestling" therefore has a more literal meaning in those places. A notable example is India's
7852:
4871:(1975), which "found the regulation invalid under the equal protection clauses of the State and Federal Constitutions". The NYSAC filed an appeal of the ruling, but later dropped it.
1644:, including genuine displays of athleticism and physicality before a live audience, professional wrestling is distinguished by its scripted outcomes and emphasis on entertainment and
4075:
championship title, opposition for the championship is a frequent impetus for stories. For added stakes, anything from a character's own hair to their job can be wagered in a match.
2992:
Counting fast whenever the face wrestler is being pinned, while counting slow, faking a wrist or eye injury, or even refusing to count at all, when the heel wrestler is being pinned.
2183:, who performed throughout the 1940s and 1950s, was the first wrestler whose entrance into the arena was accompanied by a theme song played over the arena's loudspeakers, his being
10663:
9833:
5574:
was a huge fan of pro wrestling and actually featured it on an episode (with two former WWE wrestlers voicing the two fictitious wrestlers featured in the episode). The 2008 film
4964:
this market with their "minis" in the 1990s and the "junior's league" as recent as 2006. It is still a popular form of entertainment in Mexican wrestling, mostly as a "sideshow".
5307:
major American wrestling corporations but also from homegrown "American style" promotions conforming to the general pattern of the contemporary U.S. independent wrestling scene.
5298:
which expanded (taking a share of the final two years of TV coverage) until it eclipsed Joint as dominant promotion, a position it still holds in 2024. During the same period,
8138:
7675:
6200:
Wrestling performers frequently experience real pain during performances. The sociologist R. Tyson Smith attributes wrestlers willingness to endure occupational injury to the
9591:
4382:
entrance. While invented long before, the practice of including music with the entrance gained rapid popularity during the 1980s, largely as a result of the huge success of
2995:
Allowing heel wrestlers to use blatantly illegal tactics that most normal referees would instantly disqualify for, while not extending these relaxed rules to face wrestlers.
2532:
accepted it as the smart move as it gave the industry more freedom to do as it pleased, and because by that point professional wrestling no longer attempted to appear real.
2205:
The first major promoter cartel emerged on the East Coast, although up to that point, wrestling's heartland had been in the Midwest. Notable members of this cartel included
6929:
2252:
Paul Bowser's AWA joined the NWA in 1949. The AWA withdrew from the Alliance in 1957 and renamed itself the Atlantic Athletic Corporation (AAC). The AAC shut down in 1960.
9596:
8675:
8086:
Forget everything you thought you knew about roller derby. This is not the sports entertainment version that was televised in the '70s and '80s with predetermined winners.
4302:
does happen. When one promotion absorbs or purchases another, the titles from the defunct promotion may continue to be defended in the new promotion or be decommissioned.
3288:
To score by submission, the performer must make their opponent give up, usually by putting them in a submission hold (e.g. figure four leg-lock, arm-lock, sleeper-hold).
9828:
9818:
9536:
4054:. The fans' response to Austin was so positive that he effectively became one of the most popular antiheroes in professional wrestling. Austin, along with the stable of
3507:
by popping her arm out of the socket. This type of disqualification can also be grounds for stripping a wrestler of a championship, as AAA overturned the result of that
1496:
9084:
9864:
9823:
7699:
2956:
role that referees play in wrestling of serving as liaison between the bookers backstage and the wrestlers in the ring (the role of being a final arbitrator is merely
1438:
8471:
3943:, can get around this), and sometimes a character is owned by the wrestler. Sometimes, a wrestler may change their legal name to obtain ownership of their ring name (
2611:". "Faces" (the "good guys") are those whose actions are intended to encourage the audience to cheer, while "heels" (the "bad guys") act to draw the spectators' ire.
10110:
9779:
6189:
noted that, in the period from 1985 to 2006, 89 performers had died under the age of 50. In addition to premature mortality, steroid abuse may have been a factor in
2271:. Unlike the NWA, which only allowed faces to be champions, Gagne occasionally allowed heels to win the AWA championship so that they could serve as foils for him.
9798:
6701:, p. 54: "As the controlling force in wrestling, promoters could maximize profits by carefully establishing new stars and through selective scheduling of matches."
6551:
vol. 1. p. 743: "...there is still no easy way to explain why millions of people enjoy watching professional wrestling and yet dislike watching amateur wrestling."
1596:
8749:
4347:
2325:. Between January 2000 and March 2001, the title changed hands eighteen times, which sapped fan enthusiasm, particularly for the climactic pay-per-view matches.
8599:
5277:
and other cities featuring visiting wrestlers from around the world - were a key part of the celebrations of various cultural festivals. Champion and promoter
5147:
1883:
means an activity in which participants struggle hand-in-hand primarily for the purpose of providing entertainment to spectators and which does not comprise a
2875:
champions often find advantages, not in Champion's Advantage, but in the use of weapons and outside interference, as these poly-sided matches tend to involve
2414:
Some wrestlers also incorporate elements of their real-life personalities into their characters, even if they and their in-ring persona have different names.
4834:
used this to gain notoriety when he created an Intergender Championship and declared it open to any female challenger. This led to a long (worked) feud with
5793:
broadcasts, branded merchandise and home video. Wrestling was instrumental in making pay-per-view a viable method of content delivery. Annual shows such as
4295:
have at least one title, and some have more. Championships are designated by divisions of weight, height, gender, wrestling style and other qualifications.
3242:
Although scripted and choreographed, wrestling matches are presented as being legitimate athletic competitions decided on one of several possible outcomes.
8808:
8550:
8255:
7055:
2061:
Wrestling fans widely suspected that professional wrestling was fake, but they did not care as long as it entertained. In 1933, a wrestling promoter named
5142:) also has stories and characters, they are less emphasized. Mexican professional wrestling tradition repeats very usually brutal tactics, specially more
2614:
In pro wrestling matches, performers often execute a series of pre-planned moves and attacks, ranging from grappling and throws found in some traditional
9705:
9572:
7452:
5163:) are often the most popular wrestlers in Mexican lucha libre. Wrestlers often execute high flying moves characteristic of lucha libre by utilizing the
5061:. WWE moved away from this insistence in 2024 after Vince McMahon's departure from the company, but still uses "sports entertainment" in some contexts.
9693:
9627:
6275:
5589:
1063:
6775:
4155:
behind-the-scenes feuds, division rankings (typically the #1-contendership spot), contracts, lotteries, news stories on websites, and in recent years
2287:. But cable television could carry a much larger selection of channels and therefore had room for niche interests. The WWF started with a show called
9810:
8032:
for decades the Harlem Globetrotters have defined family-friendly sports entertainment," said Urban, the former SVP of Sports Marketing at Gatorade.
7573:
4971:, Alebrije has Quije, etc. There are also cases in which midgets can become valets for a wrestler, and even get physically involved in matches, like
1433:
7650:
4830:
For most of its history, men and women rarely worked against each other in professional wrestling, as it was deemed to be unfair and unchivalrous.
4042:
first began using "The Rock" persona as a heel character, as opposed to his original "Rocky Maivia" babyface persona. Another legendary example is
2998:
Disqualifying the face wrestler for unfair reasons, such as an accidental attack on the referee or a maneuver that appears to be an illegal attack.
2303:
1468:
1252:
8163:
7380:
3592:
3548:
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7947:
6161:
6116:
featured two episodes titled "I'm a Professional Wrestler" and "I Want to Be a Professional Wrestler". Other documentaries have been produced by
3146:
In a Texas Tornado Tag Team match, all the competitors are legal in the match, and tagging in and out is not necessary. All matches fought under
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For dramatic effect, heel referees may assist a heel wrestler. Several common plot devices involve the heel referee assisting the heel wrestler.
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In numerous American states, professional wrestling is legally defined as a non-sport. For instance, New York defines professional wrestling as:
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as contests by the commission. The Commission did on very rare occasions hand out such authorizations, such as for a championship match between
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writers for incorporation into storylines of performers, the lines between real life and fictional life are often blurred and become confused.
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Much of the more serious style of Japanese wrestling derives from wrestling in Europe, particularly the influence of the traditional style of
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5245:"Catch" in non English speaking countries) but in the Mediterranean south it soon died out after an initial flush of popularity, leaving the
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to describe the industry of professional wrestling, primarily to potential advertisers, although precursors date back to February 1935, when
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By the early 1930s, most wrestlers had adopted personas to generate public interest. These personas could broadly be characterized as either
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lasted from the late 1970s into the early 1990s and allegedly spanned over two thousand matches (although most of those matches were mere
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A professional wrestling match can be depicted as ending in a draw. A draw occurs if both opponents are simultaneously disqualified (e.g.
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anything they do in the wrestling match itself, especially if former main event stars are returning to a promotion after a long absence.
1939:
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4571:(mainly for his "Embrace The Vision" character, a.k.a when using his theme named "Visionary"), a mixture of red and orange lighting for
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Additional visual graphics or staging props to complement the entrance video/routine or further emphasize the character. For instance,
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buyrates, and sales of branded merchandise and recorded video footage. All of these contribute to the profit of the promotion company.
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front of the wrestler's face and, if this produces no reaction of any kind, the referee would award the victory to the other wrestler.
1751:. By at least the early 20th century, professional wrestling had diverged from the competitive sport to become an artform and genre of
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5956:, content, and its role in modern society. It is often included as part of studies on theater, sociology, performance, and media. The
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which comes in many variety and is often used as the final battle in a heated rivalry. Another common specialty match is known as the
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Joe Alvarez v. Richard Shikat and Al Haft, U.S. District Court, Southern District of Ohio, Eastern Division, No. 1180, April 27, 1936
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as champion after a controversial finish to a high-profile match between Burke and Byers that year. Upon Byers's retirement in 1964,
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of their socioeconomic viewpoint. From this viewpoint, Smith argues, wrestlers are willing to accept bodily pain by both practicing
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as the three strongholds of European wrestling by the 1980s. In Germany, wrestling shows - particularly major trophy tournaments in
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With the introduction of the Titantron entrance screen in 1997, WWF wrestlers also had entrance videos play along with their music.
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7155:. p. 98: "In October 1956 the U.S. Attorney General's office filed a civil suit against the NWA in an Iowa federal district court."
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have studied the lives of wrestlers and the effects the profession has on them and their families. The 1999 theatrical documentary
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will perform a freestyle rap, usually at the expense of the opponent or a real life figure that has been brought up in recent news.
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These are each explained in greater detail below. Pinfalls and submissions must occur within the ring unless stipulated otherwise.
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5353:" have expanded into the Internet, where their information can be dispensed on an up-to-the-minute basis. Some have expanded into
4170:, rape and death have been portrayed in wrestling. Some promotions have included supernatural elements such as magic, curses, the
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was among the first to propose that wrestling was worthy of deeper analysis, in his essay "The World of Wrestling" from his book
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as used in this Part shall not depend on whether the individual wrestlers are paid or have been paid for their performance in a
1837:. Likewise, numerous professional wrestlers have become national or international icons with recognition by the broader public.
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Texas Tornado rules, since the lack of ability of a referee to issue a disqualification renders any tagging requirements moot.
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Wresting Fans as Players, Performers as Characters: Conceptualizing WWE Storytelling and Production in Terms of Games and Play
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chronicled the development of women's wrestling throughout the 20th century. Pro wrestling has been featured several times on
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Many television shows and films have been produced which portray in-character professional wrestlers as protagonists, such as
4337:
A wrestler's championship accomplishments can be central to their career, becoming a measure of their performance ability and
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Some wrestling performances are presented as resulting in a knockout, mirroring legitimate martial arts and concluding with a
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By the turn of the 20th century, most professional wrestling matches were "worked" and some journalists exposed the practice:
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to Finlay to use on his opponent. Finlay also occasionally threw him at his opponents. Hornswoggle was given a run with the
3544:, interfered in a match and super kicked JBL in front of the referee to get his employer the win via "outside interference".
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is billed as "claiming to stand 6 ft 7 in. tall, and over 300 lbs", despite being nowhere near either of those statistics.
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a forfeit victory is enough to crown a new champion. A famous example of this happened on the December 8, 1997, episode of
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5568:" played on the soap operatic elements of professional wrestling. One of the lead characters on the Disney Channel series
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Professional wrestling is often portrayed within other works using parody, and its general elements have become familiar
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was presented as a popular form of sports entertainment in the 1970s, though modern versions are legitimate competition.
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in similar fashion rides a skateboard down to the ring, which is occasionally used as a weapon if the match type permits.
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2969:, have made officials known by their names (and there are some cases where fans have called their names during matches).
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Because wrestling is predetermined, a wrestler's entrance music will play as they enter the arena, even if they are, in
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in 1936. In the trial, witnesses testified that most of the "big matches" and all of the championship bouts were fixed.
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every time and it is a very tough sport. It is only for tough people who are brave enough and who can accept that pain.
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4547:'s entrances. Certain colors of lighting have been associated with specific wrestlers; for instance, blue lighting for
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Although professional wrestling is choreographed, there is a high chance of injury, and even death. Strikes are often
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being the most subscribed wrestling channel and sixth most subscribed channel in the world. Other promotions, such as
5212:, while in the U.S. it is rather more regarded as an entertainment show. Wrestlers incorporate kicks and strikes from
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2147:. Promoters wanted their matches to look realistic and so preferred to recruit wrestlers with real grappling skills.
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182:
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93:
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4493:", "Finally Showed Up To Work", and "For The Love Of God, Give Me A Lower Third This Week Even If It's For 1 Frame".
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that can be worn by the champion. In the case of team wrestling, there is a title belt for each member of the team.
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introduced moves which have since become staples of the mock combat of professional wrestling, such as body slams,
1947:
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moved to a more acrobatic style of action and colourful gimmick-led presentation, as exemplified by lead babyface
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wrestling matches, in which the teams are often made up of three members, instead of two as is common in the U.S.
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is stopped and declared a one-fall-each draw if an equalizing pinfall or submission is scored in the final round.
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style from mainstream professional wrestling, the submission largely faded. Despite this, some wrestlers, such as
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in a company will place the title on the most accomplished performer, or those the bookers believe will generate
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5978:, first published in 1957. Barthes argued that it should be looked at not as a scamming of the ignorant, but as
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maintained strong links with American promotions, frequently importing U.S. talent and even briefly winning the
4373:
in order to enter into the ring. This is one of the signature things this wrestler does while doing her entrance
4108:. A feud can exist between any number of participants and can last from a few days to decades. The feud between
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wrestlers, particularly if the special referee is either a wrestler himself or a famous martial artist (such as
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2945:, who is the final arbitrator of the fictional rules, which may vary from promotion to promotion. In multi-man
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An individual wrestler may use their real name, or a minor variation of it, for much of their career, such as
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athletic contests and competitions, which may be professional or amateur combative sport, shall not be deemed
1774:, to internationally broadcast events at major arenas. The largest and most influential promotions are in the
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In the ... lift her arms slightly, in order to catch her opponent and minimize the impact of the technique.
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Due to its persistent cultural presence and to its novelty within the performing arts, wrestling constitutes
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made entrance songs, costumes, and rituals standard for his star wrestlers. For instance, McMahon's top star
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5884:, which bought out many smaller regional companies in the late 20th century, as well as primary competitors
5764:, there was a very popular wrestling television program that aired from the 1960s to the early 1980s called
5546:, and the Santo film series. At least two stage plays set in the world of pro wrestling have been produced:
3864:
intended to heighten interest in a wrestler without regard to athletic ability. Some can be unrealistic and
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10018:
9968:
6858:: "In 1931, Grantland Rice recounted how when he wrote a snippet about wrestling for his syndicated column
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Recreational Sports DVD sales, with wrestling holding anywhere from 3 to 9 of the top 10 spots every week.
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5290:
underwent a major boom by rebranding as family entertainment centred around superheavyweight lead blue-eye
5143:
4795:
The women's division of professional wrestling has maintained a recognized world champion since 1937, when
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context. No professional league for competitive wrestling exists due to a lack of popularity. For example,
1715:; additional scenes may be recorded for television in backstage areas of the venue, in a format similar to
1137:
1110:
350:
275:
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4005:(historically a villain with arrogance, a tendency to break rules, or other unlikable qualities, called a
2143:
In the early years of the 20th century, the style of wrestling used in professional wrestling matches was
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in June 1934. This decree did not apply to amateur wrestling, which the commission had no authority over.
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When a pay-per-view match is booked and one wrestler is unable to make it for one reason or another, the
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300:
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In Latin America and English-speaking countries, most wrestlers (and other on-stage performers) portray
3467:. Within wrestling's fictional storylines, such attacks will get a wrestler disqualified in most matches
1691:
are the primary vehicle for advancing storylines, which typically center on interpersonal conflicts, or
9410:
WWE: Wrestling, Wellness & Entertainment – An Analysis of Work and Health in Professional Wrestling
8835:
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5960:
developed a course of study on the cultural significance of professional wrestling, and anthropologist
5593:
5459:
5209:
3383:
and therefore authorized to make formal decisions (such as forfeiting a match) on the client's behalf.
3316:
2570:
2289:
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2124:
1200:
192:
8697:. Popular Culture Association/American Culture Association National Conference Program. Archived from
2615:
1798:) which have each developed distinct styles, traditions, and subgenres within professional wrestling.
1770:. Promotions vary considerably in size, scope, and creative approach, ranging from local shows on the
6776:"Wrestling Placed Under New Status; Commission Rules Clubs Must List Matches as Shows or Exhibitions"
5897:
5863:
and directed by Paul Jay. There have also been many fictional depictions of wrestling; the 2008 film
4922:
3491:
Deliberate injury of an opponent, such as attacking an opponent's eye, such as raking it, poking it,
3396:
2652:
2310:
1325:
355:
330:
290:
8847:
There is a sense in which wrestling resembles nothing if not a kind of postmodern commedia dell'arte
8745:
Massachusetts Institute of Technology: Comparative Media Studies course on Professional Wrestling –
8722:
Grappling with Masculinity: Representation and Reception of Televised Professional Wrestling Imagery
7927:"Stephanie McMahon Explains "Sports Entertainment" Was Created For Advertisers | Fightful News"
7604:
6024:. The characters and storylines portrayed by a successful promotion are seen to reflect the current
5944:
With its growing popularity, professional wrestling has attracted attention as a subject of serious
4489:
is usually accompanied by humerous sub-headings such as "Anxious Millenial Cowboy", "New Boot Goofin
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2805:
the opponent's shoulders to the mat, typically for three seconds (though other times have been used)
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9885:
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6397:
6371:
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5237:, wrestle in a style similar to Mexican companies like AAA and CMLL. This is known as "Lucharesu".
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for a record 478 days. Other notable Impact Knockouts that competed in intergender matches include
4576:
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involving audience participation. The audience is recognized and acknowledged by the performers as
2349:
2027:
1747:
adding melodrama, gimmickry, and outlandish stuntwork to their performances to further enhance the
1645:
1404:
1297:
8728:. Spring Colloquium: Thinking About Masculinity: SIUE College of Arts and Sciences. Archived from
8214:
5580:, about a washed-up professional wrestler, garnered several Oscar nominations. The 2017 TV series
3571:
Pulling an opponent's mask off during a match (this is illegal in Mexico, and sometimes in Japan).
8050:
8011:
WWE is an integrated media organization and the recognized global leader in sports entertainment.
7755:
6178:
said in 2015, "We train to take damage, we know we are going to take damage and we accept that."
5905:
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5702:
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6499:, p. 27: "... the people who were clued in were happy to play along to further their enjoyment."
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4754:
are particularly notable in recent years for their highly theatrical entrances at WrestleMania.
3519:
from the ring by a wrestler or referee before this occurs, there may not be a disqualification (
67:
5667:
5558:
is an award-nominated Canadian drama about the rise and fall of a fictional wrestler. The 2009
5372:(electronic federations), where a user can create their own fictional wrestling character, and
4983:, who is portrayed as Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre's mascot and is also a valet for Mistico.
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roles, sometimes with personalities wildly different from their own. These personalities are a
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8694:
Monday Night Identity Wars: The Evolution of Performance Conventions in Professional Wrestling
4303:
4162:
Anything that can be used as an element of drama can exist in professional wrestling stories:
4104:
Other stories result from a natural rivalry. Outside of performance, these are referred to as
2543:
by routinely discussing business matters and office politics in public, which alienated fans.
1388:
121:; the move requires coordination between both wrestlers in order to ensure the safety of each.
8809:"The Athlete as Buffoon: Cultural and Philosophical Considerations on Professional Wrestling"
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6009:
5117:
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4816:) in a tournament back in 1958, was recognized by most NWA promoters as champion by default.
4501:
4480:'s entrance features dark lighting, fire, fog and dry ice, and lightning-themed effects, and
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increased ticket sales, higher ratings on television broadcasts (greater ad revenue), higher
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2067:
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320:
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7697:
The Well-Wrought Broken Championship Belt: Thing Theory in Professional Wrestling Criticism.
7533:
6445:
Eero Laine (2017). "Stadium-sized theatre: WWE and the world of professional wrestling". In
4956:
4393:
30:
This article is about wrestling as a physical branch of theater. For the contact sport, see
8729:
8215:"History of British Wrestling, John Lister, House of Deception Retrieved September 27 2023"
7422:
6357:
6136:
5880:
Currently, the largest professional wrestling company worldwide is the United States-based
5847:. Several documentaries have been produced looking at professional wrestling, most notably
5756:
Professional wrestling has become especially prominent in North America, Japan and Europe (
5217:
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4669:
4426:
4183:
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3138:
mainstream examples of this is the Four-Corner match, the most common type of match in the
2798:
The standard method of scoring is the "fall", which, is premised as being accomplished by:
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4136:, one of the most lucrative feuds in the World Wrestling Federation during 1998 and 1999.
4046:, who was originally booked as a heel, with such mannerisms as drinking on the job, using
8:
9408:
9059:
8551:"Encuesta De Mitofsky Revela Que La Lucha No Es El Segundo Deporte Mas Popular En Mexico"
8397:"Professional Wrestling and Its Fans: A Sociological Study of the Sport of Pro-Wrestling"
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have developed around professional wrestling. Some take this concept further by creating
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Typically, each promotion only recognizes the "legitimacy" of their own titles, although
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still mattered to a degree. Vince Russo, the boss of WCW in 2000, completely disregarded
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1719:. Performers generally integrate authentic wrestling techniques and fighting styles with
1415:
467:
413:
235:
110:
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7994:
7948:"Report: WWE Moving Away From 'Sports Entertainment,' Disassociating From Vince McMahon"
4893:
became the first female to hold a belt that was not exclusive to women when she won the
2894:
Some wrestling performances are staged with unique winning conditions, often to allow a
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4390:. When a match is won, the victor's theme music is usually also played in celebration.
4370:
4351:
3841:. Both parents of these performers were two of the early luchadores to have a gimmick.
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Many professional wrestlers have also become mainstream in their own right, including
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are traditionally performed in indoor venues, flagship events in this profession like
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and can in turn influence those same things. For example, wrestling's high levels of
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criticism. Many courses, theses, essays and dissertations have analyzed wrestling's
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what was previously the face persona, will turn into the heel persona, such as when
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moral order, serving to advance plot lines involving charismatic heroes applying an
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Special discern must be taken with people who perform under their own name (such as
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Those involved in producing professional wrestling have developed a kind of global
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8477:. Department of Communications Studies, Louisiana State University. Archived from
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singles bouts were first fought on a national level in the 1990s. This began with
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and must defend it after winning it. These titles are represented physically by a
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match, derived from the slang word for manipulation, as in "working the crowd". A
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trying to make it big, and featured a match involving real professional wrestler
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arrived in a lowrider, The Undertaker (in his "American Bad Ass" biker gimmick),
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In 1948, a number of promoters from across the country came together to form the
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1636:) that the performers are competitive wrestlers. Although it entails elements of
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The World of Lucha Libre: Secrets, Revelations, and Mexican National Identity –
8555:
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1332:
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536:
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8396:
8024:"The Whistle and Harlem Globetrotters Sign Comprehensive Partnership Agreement"
7534:"Brock Lesnar WWE / WWF Star and former NCAA Champion Cooldudesandhotbabes.com"
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Disqualification from a match is called when the fictional storyline involves:
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2859:. This type of match can be modified so that fewer types of falls are allowed.
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The first wrestling promoter to publicly admit to routinely fixing matches was
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5077:. Others modify sport for entertainment purposes, such as many of the various
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Special ring entrances are also developed for big occasions, most notably the
4653:
entering to no music, but announcing her arrival with the words "Excuse me!".
3731:). Traditionally, a championship may not change hands in the event of a draw.
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league, dissolved in 2007 after just two seasons. In other countries, such as
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wrestling, before transitioning to its theatrical form. A popular performer,
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7971:"Chris Jericho Trolls WWE By Labeling His New Faction "Sports Entertainers""
7808:
4462:
2022:
In the 1910s, promotional cartels for professional wrestling emerged in the
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popularized it in 1997, a wrestler can indicate a voluntary submission by "
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and presentation of the sport. In most of the largest promotions, such as
4139:
In theory, the longer a feud is built up, the more audience interest (aka
3989:'s flamboyant gimmick made him one of the most famous wrestlers of his era
2103:, which printed its first issue in 1946. These magazines were faithful to
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9953:
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became notorious in professional wrestling for his matches against women.
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2524:. In 1933, he started talking about the industry's inner workings to the
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In August 1983, the World Wrestling Federation (WWF), a promotion in the
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8653:
Steel Chair to the Head: The Pleasure and Pain of Professional Wrestling
8472:"The Operational Aesthetic in the Performance of Professional Wrestling"
7912:
7207:
6058:
elements, targeting the desires of ostensibly heterosexual male viewers.
5989:
for males", it has also been cited as filling the role of past forms of
5345:
Fans of professional wrestling have their own subculture, comparable to
4618:
arriving into the arena in various luxury cars, Steve Austin driving an
4449:
when they ascend to the stage, multi-colour fireworks (most notably for
3495:, punching it or other severe attacks to the eye. This was imposed when
3122:
2871:
have to be pinned or involved in the decision to lose the championship.
106:
9973:
9473:
9064:
7905:"Garrett v. New York State Athletic Commission, 82 Misc. 2d 524 (1975)"
6170:, especially in Japan, and in independent wrestling promotions such as
6083:
6079:
6075:
6055:
6045:
5990:
5986:
5964:
has written an ethnography about the culture of lucha libre in Mexico.
5949:
5924:
5716: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
5560:
5522:
5070:
4801:
4726:
4658:
4383:
4251:
4083:
are shown to enhance a character's image without the need for matches.
4002:
3982:
3960:
3846:
3782: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3718:
3336:
3091:
2978:
2705: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2644:
2452: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2404:
2197:
would delight the audience by tearing his shirt off before each match.
2194:
2127:) from sports licensing fees. To achieve this, he testified before the
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6097:
Lipstick and Dynamite, Piss and Vinegar: The First Ladies of Wrestling
5011:
3574:
Throwing an opponent over the top rope during a match (illegal in the
3291:
1758:
Professional wrestling is performed around the world through various "
774:
10059:
9993:
9988:
9958:
9769:
8184:
7445:"Everything you think you know about professional wrestling is wrong"
6364:
6205:
6112:
6049:
5979:
5888:(WCW) and ECW in early 2001. Other major companies worldwide include
5860:
5810:
5770:. High-profile figures in the sport have become celebrities and even
5766:
5623:
5600:
5518:
5278:
5045:
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4747:
4719:
4689:
4642:
4521:
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4109:
4047:
4014:
3916:
3912:
3901:
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3727:
3710:
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3328:
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matches, two referees are used, one inside the ring and one outside.
2595:
2529:
2509:
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2256:
2214:
2006:
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1748:
1637:
1142:
818:
813:
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680:
556:
433:
31:
9429:
Normalizing Mental Illness and Neurodiversity in Entertainment Media
9413:(MA). Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Guelph
9149:"Pain in the Act: The Meanings of Pain Among Professional Wrestlers"
7672:"A-Kid Believes British Rounds Rules Are Perfect for the Modern Fan"
5691:
5390:
4715:'s exit through the crowd, or Jon Moxley entering through the crowd.
3757:
3181:
3019:
2680:
2651:
in professional wrestling history, having won his gold medal at the
2427:
2338:
78:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
9930:
9925:
9509:
8958:
8278:"It's all fake, right? A professional wrestler explains everything"
8250:
6466:"It's all fake, right? A professional wrestler explains everything"
6322:
6037:
6002:
5945:
5778:
5514:
5175:
5168:
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4972:
4751:
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out when facing difficult opponents while defending championships.
3156:
3130:
3099:
3081:
2851:
2827:
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1152:
990:
715:
635:
492:
452:
8585:
Global Television Formats: Understanding Television Across Borders
7942:
7940:
5550:
is a comedy that retells the life of an actual performer known as
5509:
4086:
1735:
designed to maximize entertainment value and audience engagement.
9006:
The squared circle : life, death, and professional wrestling
7567:"Fake Rules, Real Fiction: Professional Wrestling and Videogames"
6033:
5994:
5655:
5266:
5258:
4481:
4409:
3928:
3889:
3865:
3857:
3850:
3641:
3619:
3537:
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were furious, and most promoters tried to maintain the facade of
1976:
1961:
Wrestling in the United States blossomed in popularity after the
1850:
1680:
1665:
1653:
1633:
1621:
1568:
1080:
788:
4496:
A distinct sound or opening note in the music (used to elicit a
10008:
9746:
9734:
9659:
9617:
9562:
7937:
7250:
The Complete Directory to Prime Time Network and Cable TV Shows
6185:
and suffer from associated health issues. American Congressman
5920:
5782:
5761:
5678:
have distributed their own weekly programming on the platform.
5644:
5588:
promotion, gained critical acclaim, including a nomination for
5521:
in that country and a statue of him stands in his home city of
5346:
5274:
5270:
5250:
4864:
with men." In his opinion the judge cited the precedent set by
4704:, etc.) admired themselves in mirrors on their way to the ring.
4641:. For instance, chanting or rapping along with the music (i.e.
4638:
4627:
4500:
response from the crowd). For example, the glass shattering in
4412:, not supposed to be there. For example, in 2012 through 2014,
4311:
4171:
3845:
was known as "El Enmascarado de Plata" (The Silver Masked) and
3622:– also used the German card system from the late 1970s onward.
3610:
in Germany. Three of these will result in disqualification (a
3603:
2791:
2155:
1802:
1672:
5315:
4476:'s entrance graphics employ heavy use of fire-themed visuals,
2150:
In the 1920s, a group of wrestlers and promoters known as the
9683:
9647:
6951:"Now It Can Be Told: Those Pro Wrestlers Are Just Having Fun"
5354:
5326:
Professional wrestling has developed its own unique culture.
5066:
4890:
4128:
is another example of a long-running feud, as is the case of
3936:
1981:
1866:
1826:
1724:
1629:
1257:
9468:(Master). Faculty of Humanities Theses, Utrecht University.
9307:
Capitol Revolution: The Rise of the McMahon Wrestling Empire
8827:
7505:"Brock Lesnar and the Top 10 NCAA Champion Wrestlers in MMA"
5985:
While pro wrestling is often described simplistically as a "
4905:, had participated in intergender matches and once held the
3668:
Despite being, statistically, an extremely rare occurrence,
9383:
Martial Arts of the World: An Encyclopedia: Volume One: A–Q
8494:
One large list of such shows, analog and online, exists at
8433:. SLAM! Sports. Archived from the original on July 15, 2012
6005:
5262:
5246:
4987:
was often aided in his matches by a midget known mainly as
4967:
Some wrestlers may have their own specific "mini me", like
4354:
once held and defended a record ten titles simultaneously.
3356:
2619:
2065:
started talking about the industry's inner workings to the
1921:
In the industry's slang, a fixed match is referred to as a
1862:
1822:
1497:
Comparison of professional wrestling and mixed martial arts
9269:
The Squared Circle: Life, Death and Professional Wrestling
8071:"Tough Cookies: The Rollicking Resurgence Of Roller Derby"
3164:
attempt to unfairly retain their tag team titles) was the
2586:, with the ring, ringside area, and entryway comprising a
2230:, which in turn crowned a champion that Curley put forth:
1809:. It has achieved mainstream success and influence within
9326:
Fantasyland: How America Went Haywire: A 500-Year History
8101:. Slam.canoe.ca. Archived from the original on 2012-07-14
6140:
explored the careers of several pro wrestlers, including
6101:
5881:
5839:. WWE claims a record attendance of 101,763 for the event
5659:
5474:
5027:
3967:) or even gives the performer enough visibility to enter
3923:. Others can keep one ring name for their entire career (
3706:
3139:
2915:
2631:
2582:
Professional wrestling shows can be considered a form of
360:
9239:
Ringside: A History of Professional Wrestling in America
9218:
Broderick Chow; Eero Laine; Claire Warden, eds. (2017).
4423:
Other dramatic elements of a ring entrance can include:
3693:), neither opponent is able to answer a ten-count (e.g.
3565:(unless the rules of the match specifically allow this).
3558:
Using any kind of "banned" move (see below for details).
3551:(an object not permitted by the rules of the match; see
2234:. The National Wrestling Association shut down in 1980.
2158:, punches, finishing moves, and out-of-ring count-outs.
1911:
shall be referred to as exhibitions, and not as matches.
8519:"Professional Wrestling Migration: Puroresu in America"
5777:
Although professional wrestling started out as a small
4465:
and (for a short period of time) falling fireworks for
1668:, known in the industry as the aforementioned kayfabe.
7748:"World Champion Bully Ray vs. Samoa Joe – Oct 3, 2013"
7325:
7323:
4350:
reigns spanning over three decades. Japanese wrestler
2820:
The opponent remaining outside the ring for too long (
2535:
The demise of WCW in 2001 provided some evidence that
9544:
6672:. New York: Richard K. Fox. 22 July 1905. p. 10.
5347:
those of science fiction, video games, or comic books
3673:
them to his opponents in exchange for their forfeit.
2573:, question posed to sports Q&A column written by
9907:
8099:"CANOE – SLAM! Sports – Wrestling – Lucha Libre 101"
6212:
desire for authenticity, solidarity, and dominance.
6094:
trying to break into the business. The 2005 release
5873:
nominations and began a career revival for its star
2670:
37:"Pro wrestling" redirects here. For other uses, see
10118:
8811:. Montana State University-Billings. Archived from
8135:"8.6. Lucha Libre confuses me, what are the rules?"
7320:
6666:"Hart Says He's Champion, Public Ignores His Claim"
4725:Entering the arena by a lift in the stage, such as
4333:) five times and holds the record for longest reign
4194:in Satanic-like worship of a hidden power figure).
3872:), while others carry more verisimilitude (such as
3614:in Germany). One major North American promotion –
3363:judo choke in pro wrestling as the "Tazzmission").
2941:Almost every professional wrestling match features
9052:
8046:"Out at the plate: Pirates dump outspoken pierogi"
6286:
6276:List of family relations in professional wrestling
4120:). The career-spanning history between characters
3005:Actually assisting in attacking the face wrestler.
2618:, to more spectacular stunts, sometimes involving
8248:[French wrestling tries to resuscitate].
6615:
6613:
5940:author for his books about professional wrestling
4400:'s entrance video plays on the screen during his
2774:'s Pro Wrestling Friendship Games. A traditional
1891:is not a combative sport. Wrestling constituting
1652:, with both wrestlers and spectators nonetheless
10676:
9421:– via The Atrium at University of Guelpgh.
7745:
7564:
6574:"Unreal Stories Review In Wrestling Perspective"
5845:a recurring topic in both academia and the media
5216:disciplines, and a strong emphasis is placed on
4991:while in WWE, who hid under the ring and gave a
4664:Alternative forms of announcing one's entrance.
2783:there can be only one winning team or wrestler.
2304:List of professional wrestling television series
1956:
9380:
9142:
9140:
7841:. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 168, 169.
7056:"Sonnenberg, New Mat Champion, To Tour Country"
6432:(PhD thesis). New York University. p. 57.
6162:List of premature professional wrestling deaths
5654:Wrestling has also gained a major following on
5611:, mainly for acting in major films, as well as
4594:Driving a vehicle into the arena. For example,
4273:Professional wrestling mimics the structure of
3997:(historically an audience favorite, known as a
3150:(such as no disqualification, no holds barred,
2594:than in most theatric performances, similar to
1933:
8671:Billboard Recreational Sports Weekly Top 10 –
8496:https://tunein.com/radio/Wrestling-c100002783/
7359:(September 27, 1975). "Southpaws Shake Bias".
7179:"American Wrestling Association (New England)"
6973:
6610:
6430:Masked struggle: An ethnography of Lucha Libre
6054:The displays of masculinity often incorporate
5174:The style of Japanese professional wrestling (
4808:, who won a junior heavyweight version of the
4229:A main part of storytelling in wrestling is a
10104:
9893:
9530:
9425:
8427:"Retro review: Piper's tale scrappy as he is"
6237:Professional wrestling moves (disambiguation)
4614:on riding lawn mowers, JBL in his limousine,
4531:Darkening of the arena, often accompanied by
4342:of title reigns they hold. American wrestler
3721:being pinned while successfully applying the
2560:. Is this all "fake"? If so, they deserve an
2317:(JCP). JCP started informally calling itself
1801:Professional wrestling has developed its own
1590:
1444:Matches rated 5 or more stars by Dave Meltzer
9721:Professional wrestling in the United Kingdom
9137:
8869:. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi.
8690:
8305:
7719:
7560:
7558:
6528:
5473:of the 1980s, which combined wrestling with
4711:beer drinking and can smashing entrance, or
3499:was disqualified for a legitimate injury on
2757:
2742:has argued the rules serve as a basis for a
2241:The National Wrestling Alliance territories.
1952:Professional wrestling in the United Kingdom
9587:Professional wrestling in the United States
9108:
9106:
8867:Professional Wrestling: Sport and Spectacle
8465:
8463:
8461:
7565:Costantino, Oliva; Gordon, Calleja (2009).
6259:Professional wrestling tag team match types
5419:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
5138:Although professional wrestling in Mexico (
4563:, a mixture of red and yellow lighting for
3523:is known to use ejections, as AEW referees
3210:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
3048:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2367:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2044:
1940:Professional wrestling in the United States
1632:, under the premise (known colloquially as
10111:
10097:
9900:
9886:
9537:
9523:
9488:– via Utrecht University Repository.
9431:(1st E-book ed.). London: Routledge.
9036:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
8972:
8655:(Durham NC: Duke University Press, 2005).
8581:
8043:
7374:
7372:
6948:
6232:List of professional wrestling video games
6122:The Secret World of Professional Wrestling
4190:that regularly performed evil rituals and
3747:
3568:Intentionally laying hands on the referee.
2026:(outside its traditional heartland in the
1597:
1583:
9406:
9050:
8857:
8855:
8512:
8510:
8209:
8207:
8205:
7555:
5732:Learn how and when to remove this message
5681:
5439:Learn how and when to remove this message
4637:Talking to the crowd using a distinctive
3896:, many characters wear masks, adopting a
3798:Learn how and when to remove this message
3587:opposed to having multiple offenses) are
3379:the manager is considered the wrestler's
3230:Learn how and when to remove this message
3068:Learn how and when to remove this message
2721:Learn how and when to remove this message
2607:" (often shortened to just "faces") and "
2468:Learn how and when to remove this message
2387:Learn how and when to remove this message
2123:was looking to exempt his promotion (the
94:Learn how and when to remove this message
9115:"Congressman urges hearings on Steroids"
9103:
9054:"What it takes to become a pro wrestler"
8469:
8458:
8390:
8388:
8386:
8384:
8246:"Le catch français tente de ressusciter"
8243:
7830:
7828:
7617:
7408:
7355:
6249:Glossary of professional wrestling terms
5919:
5827:
5743:
5508:
5450:
5380:
5314:
5310:
5116:
5010:
4946:
4921:, who became the first woman to win the
4897:. Intergender wrestling was uncommon in
4840:
4782:
4425:
4392:
4361:
4317:
4250:
4205:
4085:
3993:Typically, matches are staged between a
3981:
3828:
3451:
3439:
3290:
3255:
3121:
3085:
2925:
2881:
2830:or otherwise incapacitating the opponent
2761:
2236:
208:2000 All Japan Pro Wrestling mass exodus
105:
8776:
8424:
8340:. The Wrestling Oratory. Archived from
8239:
8237:
8235:
7968:
7623:"Professional Wrestling as Moral Order"
7455:from the original on September 17, 2015
7378:
7369:
6155:
6090:, a former star fallen from grace; and
5844:
5006:
3725:to The Undertaker on a 2002 episode of
3448:typically results in a disqualification
3106:, encourage them and reach for the tags
2328:
2255:In 1958, Omaha promoter and NWA member
2200:
2129:New Jersey State Athletic Control Board
14:
10677:
9677:Professional wrestling in Saudi Arabia
9220:Performance and Professional Wrestling
9112:
8889:
8852:
8516:
8507:
8351:
8202:
8068:
8026:. Reuters. Aug 9, 2012. Archived from
7781:
7777:
7775:
7773:
7442:
7208:"American Wrestling Association (AWA)"
6449:Performance and Professional Wrestling
6281:List of professional wrestling rosters
5092:
4907:Impact Knockouts Tag Team Championship
4722:or personal security, as Goldberg did.
4097:were frequent rivals throughout WWF's
4062:, is generally credited with ushering
4050:, breaking company property, and even
4009:, or "the bad guy"). In recent years,
2786:Matches generally take place within a
2546:
1364:Chris Benoit double-murder and suicide
10092:
9881:
9794:Professional wrestling in New Zealand
9609:Professional wrestling in Puerto Rico
9518:
9461:
9304:
9266:
9255:
9146:
9125:from the original on January 25, 2024
9003:
8861:
8825:
8630:] (Documentary) (in Portuguese).
8394:
8381:
8244:Gaillard, Barthélémy (13 June 2017).
8160:"Open Directory category description"
7834:
7825:
7538:www.australiansportsentertainment.com
6852:
6817:
6740:
6493:
6269:
5958:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
5927:, who was one of the subjects of the
5915:
4869:v. New York State Athletic Commission
4707:Coming through the audience, such as
3818:
2933:applies a hold to Nick Kozak while a
2898:plot construction. An example is the
2814:
2665:NCAA Division I National Championship
2663:, a former NCAA Wrestler who won the
1660:competitions; this is likened to the
1648:. The staged nature of matches is an
1411:Vince McMahon sex trafficking scandal
9361:
9323:
9217:
8582:Shahaf, Sharon; Oren, Tasha (2013).
8548:
8357:
8335:
8306:Grabianowski, Ed (13 January 2006).
8258:from the original on 1 December 2022
8232:
7897:
7746:IMPACT Wrestling (October 3, 2013).
7502:
7443:Weller, Chris (September 13, 2015).
7248:Tim Brooks & Earl Marsh (2003).
6460:
6458:
6446:
6427:
5853:directed by Barry W. Blaustein, and
5714:adding citations to reliable sources
5685:
5417:adding citations to reliable sources
5384:
5322:, 20th century professional wrestler
4762:
4052:breaking into people's private homes
3780:adding citations to reliable sources
3751:
3657:after refusing to defend the title.
3208:adding citations to reliable sources
3175:
3046:adding citations to reliable sources
3013:
2778:can be seen in the lower left corner
2703:adding citations to reliable sources
2674:
2450:adding citations to reliable sources
2421:
2365:adding citations to reliable sources
2332:
1742:evolved from the common practice of
43:
9775:Professional wrestling in Australia
9236:
9187:from the original on March 16, 2024
8785:. The Village Voice. Archived from
8718:
7770:
7724:. Entertainment.howstuffworks.com.
7708:THE POPULAR CULTURE STUDIES JOURNAL
7695:ROBERTS, JH, and DOMINIC SEVIERI. "
7402:
7072:
7039:
7024:
7009:
6994:
6979:
6914:
6886:
6871:
6725:
6710:
6695:
6634:
6619:
6601:
6385:List of wrestling-based comic books
6131:Hitman Hart: Wrestling with Shadows
6032:, and concerns of that promotion's
5502:in the 1990s, has been included in
4936:
4247:Professional wrestling championship
3431:
3098:, while their respective partners,
2554:championship wrestling from Florida
1817:, and concepts being referenced in
1687:, and other distinguishing traits.
1253:Wrestling personalities in politics
24:
9400:
9285:
8951:"CZW: Blood, Philadelphia and Fun"
8948:
8338:"Discovery: Accidental Perfection"
8132:
7855:from the original on April 6, 2023
7639:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1974.tb00738.x
7018:
6676:
6652:Historical Dictionary of Wrestling
6649:
6254:Professional wrestling match types
5643:, told the story of a promoter in
5283:AWA World Heavyweight Championship
5148:professional wrestlers in the U.S.
4858:New York State Athletic Commission
4329:(the former world championship of
4266:, which represented six different
4021:from June 2005 to November 2006).
3511:match, stripping her of the title.
1762:", which are roughly analogous to
25:
10711:
9493:
9342:
8806:
8777:Lagorio, Christine (2005-01-04).
8673:Billboard Sports Weekly DVD Sales
8517:Bollom, Brandon W. (2004-05-07).
8366:. WrestleZone.com. Archived from
7722:"Rules of professional wrestling"
6961:from the original on 4 April 2021
6786:from the original on May 10, 2023
6455:
6350:
6328:
6264:Professional wrestling tournament
6222:History of professional wrestling
5471:The Rock 'n' Wrestling Connection
5110:, and – less often – "tweeners" (
4931:Impact Digital Media Championship
4895:WWF Intercontinental Championship
4293:professional wrestling promotions
3651:WWE Intercontinental Championship
2671:Rules and other dramatic elements
2659:. Another prominent performer is
2628:professional wrestling promotions
1887:athletic contest or competition.
1359:Animals in professional wrestling
161:History of professional wrestling
9787:
9768:
9752:Professional wrestling in Russia
9745:
9740:Professional wrestling in France
9733:
9714:
9682:
9670:
9665:Professional wrestling in Israel
9658:
9646:
9623:Professional wrestling in Canada
9616:
9602:
9580:
9568:Professional wrestling in Mexico
9561:
9147:Smith, R. Tyson (June 1, 2008).
9051:Griffiths, Andrew (2015-02-12).
9044:
8997:
8942:
8913:
8883:
8819:
8800:
8770:
8758:
8739:
8712:
8684:
8665:
8645:
8312:How Professional Wrestling Works
7885:from the original on May 7, 2022
5690:
5389:
5300:professional wrestling in France
4630:entering on a lowrider bicycle.
4357:
4240:
3825:Gimmick (professional wrestling)
3756:
3180:
3154:, etc.) are all contested under
3018:
2679:
2426:
2337:
2017:
1948:Professional wrestling in Mexico
144:
48:
9689:Professional wrestling in Japan
9653:Professional wrestling in China
9087:from the original on 2022-01-10
8931:from the original on 2021-06-28
8902:from the original on 2008-04-19
8838:from the original on 2023-04-06
8634:from the original on 2023-04-06
8613:
8602:from the original on 2023-04-06
8575:
8542:
8488:
8425:Kamchen, Richard (2008-02-05).
8418:
8407:from the original on 2008-03-26
8329:
8318:from the original on 2008-02-24
8299:
8288:from the original on 2022-11-16
8270:
8221:from the original on 2023-07-08
8191:from the original on 2009-06-16
8177:
8166:from the original on 2009-06-20
8152:
8141:from the original on 2013-08-20
8126:
8091:
8062:
8037:
8016:
7987:
7962:
7919:
7867:
7807:Storm, Lance (August 9, 2010).
7801:
7790:from the original on 2013-06-26
7758:from the original on 2021-12-11
7739:
7728:from the original on 2012-06-17
7720:Grabianowski, Ed (2006-01-13).
7713:
7689:
7678:from the original on 2022-09-18
7664:
7653:from the original on 2024-01-24
7611:
7579:from the original on 2024-01-24
7544:from the original on 2011-08-12
7526:
7515:from the original on 2022-12-07
7496:
7485:from the original on 2021-07-02
7467:
7436:
7349:
7336:
7307:
7294:
7281:
7268:
7255:
7242:
7229:
7218:from the original on 2022-10-21
7200:
7189:from the original on 2023-07-01
7171:
7158:
7145:
7132:
7119:
7106:
7094:
7081:
7066:
7048:
7033:
7003:
6988:
6949:Peter Kerr (10 February 1989).
6942:
6923:
6908:
6895:
6880:
6865:
6846:
6827:
6811:
6799:
6768:
6755:
6734:
6719:
6704:
6689:
6658:
6643:
6628:
6595:
6584:from the original on 2017-04-26
6476:from the original on 2022-11-16
6287:Types of professional wrestling
6086:, a wrestler within his prime;
6044:make it a vicarious outlet for
5701:needs additional citations for
4555:, green lighting for Triple H,
4539:, such as in The Undertaker's,
4528:and a cow's moo in JBL's theme.
3767:needs additional citations for
2809:
2690:needs additional citations for
2437:needs additional citations for
2114:
1992:honest ones was really so high.
1944:Professional wrestling in Japan
1907:exhibition. All engagements of
1707:, akin to the platform used in
271:Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling
246:All Japan Women's Pro-Wrestling
193:1994 NWA World Title Tournament
9343:Lou Thesz; Kit Bauman (2011).
9113:Barker, Jeff (July 10, 2007).
8826:Adams, Jonathan (2006-11-09).
8691:Ernesto Cruz, Caceres (2005).
8470:Lipscomb, William (May 2005).
7950:. Wrestling Inc. April 8, 2024
6566:
6554:
6541:
6502:
6487:
6439:
6421:
6242:
6107:Real Sports with Bryant Gumbel
6092:a school of wrestling students
5894:Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre
5821:Home video sales dominate the
4997:WWE Cruiserweight Championship
4887:Extreme Championship Wrestling
4819:
4810:NWA World Women's Championship
4769:Women's professional wrestling
4348:world heavyweight championship
3090:A tag team match in progress:
2888:Money in the Bank ladder match
2750:approach to social conflicts.
2486:Shoot (professional wrestling)
2323:World Heavyweight Championship
2228:National Wrestling Association
336:Total Nonstop Action Wrestling
266:Extreme Championship Wrestling
261:Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre
256:American Wrestling Association
39:Pro wrestling (disambiguation)
13:
1:
9510:Pro-Wrestling Title Histories
9381:Thomas A. Green, ed. (2001).
8980:"Under the Edge 1999 results"
8358:Gadd, Mitchell (2006-07-13).
6404:
6378:
6293:All-in professional wrestling
5758:especially the United Kingdom
4524:electric guitar stinger, the
4502:Steve Austin's entrance theme
4388:Rock 'n' Wrestling Connection
4327:IWGP Heavyweight Championship
4280:. Participants compete for a
3738:
3283:
2845:Admiral-Lord Mountevans rules
2821:
1957:From sport to performance art
1849:is generally practiced in an
1416:WWE–Saudi Arabia relationship
1340:Wrestling Observer Newsletter
173:Early wrestling championships
9290:. John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
8779:"Wrestling With The Margins"
8559:(in Spanish). Archived from
8185:"Puroresu Dojo Introduction"
8069:Watson, Adam (May 1, 2011).
8044:Dan Majors (June 19, 2010).
7782:Lundin, Leigh (2013-04-14).
6547:Archer & Svinth (2001).
6414:
5892:(AEW) in the United States,
5886:World Championship Wrestling
5619:for their musical ventures.
5586:Gorgeous Ladies of Wrestling
4757:
4688:with narcissistic gimmicks (
4575:, multicolored lighting for
4001:, or "the good guy") and an
3547:Striking an opponent with a
3252:Pin (professional wrestling)
3115:attached to the turnbuckle.
3009:
2319:World Championship Wrestling
2138:
1934:History in the United States
1786:, and northwest Europe (the
1738:Professional wrestling as a
1664:employed when engaging with
351:World Championship Wrestling
276:Gorgeous Ladies of Wrestling
7:
9362:Rudraneil Sengupta (2016).
9328:. Random House Publishing.
8927:. Season 2001. 2001-02-27.
7969:Parsons, Jim (2022-03-17).
7838:A History of Women's Boxing
6842:. 27 April 1931. p. 6.
6670:The National Police Gazette
6560:Rudraneil Sengupta (2016).
6215:
6110:. MTV's documentary series
5859:featuring retired wrestler
5748:A crowd gathers to watch a
5676:National Wrestling Alliance
5304:Flesh Gordon (Gerard Hervé)
4929:, who became the inaugural
4445:such as a ring of fire for
4024:At times, a character may "
3951:). Many wrestlers (such as
3908:, a near-sacred tradition.
3576:National Wrestling Alliance
3410:
3386:
2556:with wrestling commentator
2247:National Wrestling Alliance
1998:The National Police Gazette
1857:, an American professional
1679:" consisting of a specific
301:National Wrestling Alliance
74:the claims made and adding
10:
10716:
9407:Fargiorgo, Joseph (2014).
9203:
8828:"Foreign Objects Included"
8336:Ryan, Derek (2007-08-11).
6930:New Jersey Statutes 5:2A-1
6318:Modern Freestyle wrestling
6181:Some wrestling performers
6159:
5594:70th Primetime Emmy Awards
5085:games in-between innings.
5028:World Wrestling Federation
4940:
4823:
4772:
4766:
4512:, sirens, such as used by
4244:
3822:
3633:
3249:
3245:
3171:
3129:(right) tags her partner,
3079:
2748:instrumentally rationalist
2571:High Point, North Carolina
2479:
2417:
2301:
2125:World Wrestling Federation
1937:
1840:
582:Satoru "Tiger Mask" Sayama
36:
29:
10634:
10576:
10518:
10460:
10402:
10344:
10286:
10228:
10170:
10127:
10068:
10050:
10017:
9939:
9916:
9847:
9809:
9760:
9704:
9638:
9553:
9500:Online World of Wrestling
9237:Scott M. Beekman (2006).
9211:Catch: The Hold Not Taken
9165:10.1007/s11133-008-9098-9
9004:David, Shoemaker (2013).
8783:Education Supplement 2005
8549:Yoav (October 22, 2007).
8450:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
8403:. Jump City Productions.
8401:Solie's Vintage Wrestling
8364:Reading Between the Ropes
8118:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
7863:– via Google Books.
7786:. Orlando: SleuthSayers.
7411:"How Pro Wrestling Works"
7062:. 1929-01-06. p. 1S.
6549:Martial Arts of the World
6428:Levi, Heather J. (2001).
5898:Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide
5774:in their home countries.
5609:Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson
5590:Outstanding Comedy Series
5506:dictionaries since 2007.
5201:as it mixes hard hitting
5018:as a commentator, c. 1986
4951:Mexican midget wrestlers
4923:Impact World Championship
4800:and instead acknowledged
4262:holding a replica of the
4201:
2758:Structure of performances
2653:1996 Summer Olympic Games
1326:Pro Wrestling Illustrated
356:World Wonder Ring Stardom
331:Tokyo Joshi Pro-Wrestling
291:Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide
9437:10.4324/9781003011668-15
9267:David Shoemaker (2013).
8982:. Hoffco. Archived from
8766:The World of Lucha Libre
8162:. Open Directory. 1995.
7419:Discovery Communications
7381:"The World of Wrestling"
7379:Barthes, Roland (1957).
6840:The Atlanta Constitution
6409:
6335:1950s quiz show scandals
6191:the 2007 double homicide
5617:"Macho Man" Randy Savage
5364:Like some other sports,
5030:(WWF, now WWE) chairman
4975:, who often accompanies
4814:WWE Women's Championship
4812:(the predecessor to the
4433:is known for using fire
4069:
4017:during his first run in
3542:John "Bradshaw" Layfield
3509:AAA Women's Championship
3263:pins an opponent in 1929
2808:Forcing the opponent to
2101:Wrestling As You Like It
2045:The end of shoot matches
1675:and usually maintain a "
1654:maintaining the pretense
1620:) is a form of athletic
1405:United States v. McMahon
1298:Fighting Spirit Magazine
716:Paul "Triple H" Levesque
27:Form of athletic theater
8955:Rat Blood Soup magazine
8651:Nicholas Sammond, ed.,
8588:(in Dutch). Routledge.
8051:Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
7835:Smith, Malissa (2014).
7060:St. Louis Post-Dispatch
6372:Wrestling Observer Live
5906:All Japan Pro Wrestling
5902:New Japan Pro-Wrestling
5333:, with familial bonds,
5188:All Japan Pro Wrestling
5184:New Japan Pro-Wrestling
4608:Disciples of Apocalypse
4461:, a stage of smoke for
4386:and the WWF, and their
4331:New Japan Pro-Wrestling
4091:Stone Cold Steve Austin
4044:Stone Cold Steve Austin
3748:Other dramatic elements
3676:
3647:Stone Cold Steve Austin
3480:'s diving fist drop or
2315:Jim Crockett Promotions
1805:, including a distinct
1671:Professional wrestlers
1662:suspension of disbelief
1384:Murder of Bruiser Brody
706:Stone Cold Steve Austin
306:New Japan Pro-Wrestling
281:Jim Crockett Promotions
241:All Japan Pro Wrestling
10685:Professional wrestling
10121:professional wrestling
9909:Professional wrestling
9628:independent promotions
9592:independent promotions
9546:Professional wrestling
9324:Kurt Andersen (2017).
9305:Tim Hornbaker (2015).
9256:Nat Fleischer (1936).
8898:. Harvard University.
8892:"Et tu, Steve Austin?"
8890:Garvin, Diana (2005).
8747:Official Course weblog
8187:. Puroresu.com. 1995.
7599:Cite journal requires
6193:committed by wrestler
5941:
5933:documentary, became a
5856:Wrestling with Shadows
5840:
5753:
5682:Measures of popularity
5668:Major League Wrestling
5525:
5465:
5323:
5160:
5135:
5034:during the 1980s as a
5019:
4960:
4889:(ECW) and WWF. Later,
4850:
4792:
4678:Maxwell Jacob Friedman
4649:). Another example is
4438:
4405:
4374:
4334:
4270:
4226:
4178:imagery (most notably
4164:romantic relationships
4101:
4030:Hulk Hogan turned heel
3990:
3853:
3468:
3449:
3307:
3264:
3134:
3107:
2938:
2891:
2779:
2768:Pyongyang, North Korea
2580:
2518:
2290:All-American Wrestling
2242:
2096:
2003:
1919:
1909:professional wrestling
1905:professional wrestling
1901:Professional wrestling
1897:professional wrestling
1889:Professional wrestling
1881:Professional wrestling
1845:In the United States,
1656:that performances are
1612:(often referred to as
1610:Professional wrestling
1181:Cauliflower Alley Club
138:Professional wrestling
122:
9505:Pro Wrestling History
9462:Verma, D. S. (2020).
9288:Wrestling for Dummies
9286:Henry Cejudo (2012).
9153:Qualitative Sociology
8620:Marc Dourdin (2015).
8314:. HowStuffWorks.com.
7362:Anchorage Daily Times
6836:"Is Wrestling Fixed?"
6578:Wrestling Perspective
6536:Wrestling for Dummies
6510:"Promotions Database"
6172:Combat Zone Wrestling
6078:, a wrestler nearing
5923:
5900:(AAA) in Mexico; and
5831:
5747:
5556:From Parts Unknown...
5512:
5488:in American culture.
5454:
5381:Mainstream popularity
5318:
5311:Culture and sociology
5194:, it is treated as a
5120:
5083:Major League Baseball
5069:, such as exhibition
5014:
4950:
4941:Further information:
4844:
4826:Intergender wrestling
4786:
4429:
4396:
4365:
4321:
4254:
4209:
4089:
3985:
3832:
3563:low blow to the groin
3455:
3443:
3294:
3259:
3125:
3089:
2981:at the main event at
2929:
2885:
2867:), the champion does
2790:, an elevated square
2766:Spectators gather in
2765:
2649:Olympic gold medalist
2590:. There is less of a
2550:
2526:New York Daily Mirror
2501:
2409:his fictional persona
2240:
2186:Pomp and Circumstance
2081:
2068:New York Daily Mirror
1989:
1878:
1803:culture and community
1673:perform as characters
1374:Mass Transit incident
1291:Dark Side of the Ring
321:Soft Ground Wrestling
109:
10695:Sports entertainment
9480:on September 7, 2021
8395:Kreit, Alex (1998).
7881:. January 22, 1975.
7809:"Q&A Commentary"
7627:Sociological Inquiry
7212:wrestling-titles.com
7183:wrestling-titles.com
6447:Chow et al. (2017).
6358:Live Audio Wrestling
6156:Occupational hazards
6137:Bloodstained Memoirs
6118:The Learning Channel
5710:improve this article
5413:improve this section
5218:submission wrestling
5075:Harlem Globetrotters
5024:sports entertainment
5007:Sports entertainment
4670:Danhausen (wrestler)
4583:, pink lighting for
4579:, gold lighting for
4437:in his ring entrance
4184:Ministry of Darkness
4066:of WWF programming.
4058:, Bret Hart and his
3776:improve this article
3703:Royal Rumble in 2004
3536:, who was under the
3397:technical submission
3261:Ed "Strangler" Lewis
3204:improve this section
3042:improve this section
2865:Champion's Advantage
2699:improve this article
2584:theater in the round
2446:improve this article
2361:improve this section
2329:Industry conventions
2201:The promoter cartels
2133:sports entertainment
2079:as best they could.
1871:Pro Wrestling League
1764:production companies
1753:sports entertainment
1733:dramatic conventions
1305:Live Audio Wrestling
1148:Sports entertainment
389:George Hackenschmidt
296:Maple Leaf Wrestling
218:Wednesday Night Wars
9259:From Milo to Londos
9060:The Daily Telegraph
8921:"Merchants of Cool"
8896:The Harvard Crimson
8563:on January 11, 2020
8030:on March 11, 2016.
7784:"Lords of the Ring"
6860:fifteen years prior
6743:From Milo to Londos
6227:Independent circuit
6210:sociologic embedded
5890:All Elite Wrestling
5664:All Elite Wrestling
5458:during his tour of
5121:Mexican wrestlers:
5093:Regional variations
4885:, who faced men in
4806:The Fabulous Moolah
4718:Accompaniment by a
4713:Diamond Dallas Page
4620:all-terrain vehicle
4567:, a lot of red for
3521:All Elite Wrestling
3302:submission hold on
2967:All Elite Wrestling
2736:fictional universes
2657:freestyle wrestling
2547:Performance aspects
1859:freestyle wrestling
1813:, with many terms,
1772:independent circuit
1389:Murder of RikidĹŤzan
468:The Fabulous Moolah
236:All Elite Wrestling
111:Christopher Daniels
9811:Attendance records
9597:women's promotions
8832:The Scope magazine
8752:2011-07-08 at the
8678:2015-11-07 at the
8623:Monstros do Ringue
8501:2020-03-04 at the
8308:"Wrestling School"
7995:"Company Overview"
7879:The New York Times
7875:"People in Sports"
7814:2021-07-21 at the
7702:2024-01-25 at the
7415:HowStuffWorks, Inc
7409:Grabianowski, Ed.
7102:The Squared Circle
7100:Shoemaker (2013).
6955:The New York Times
6935:2022-08-06 at the
6855:The Squared Circle
6853:Shoemaker (2013).
6820:The Squared Circle
6818:Shoemaker (2013).
6807:Capitol Revolution
6805:Hornbaker (2015).
6780:The New York Times
6741:Fleischer (1936).
6494:Shoemaker (2013).
6308:Hardcore wrestling
6298:Backyard wrestling
6270:Lists of wrestlers
6010:commedia dell'arte
5942:
5916:Study and analysis
5910:Pro Wrestling Noah
5841:
5754:
5649:Stanislaus Zbyszko
5628:Night and the City
5526:
5466:
5324:
5296:All Star Wrestling
5192:Pro Wrestling Noah
5136:
5026:was coined by the
5020:
4961:
4957:ZacarĂas el Perico
4851:
4793:
4439:
4406:
4375:
4335:
4271:
4227:
4213:cuts a promo with
4102:
3991:
3854:
3849:was his long time
3833:Mexican wrestlers
3819:Character gimmicks
3691:Unforgiven in 2002
3616:Stampede Wrestling
3553:hardcore wrestling
3469:
3450:
3393:technical knockout
3321:catch-as-catch-can
3308:
3265:
3135:
3108:
2939:
2892:
2780:
2740:Thomas S. Henricks
2616:forms of wrestling
2243:
1855:Real Pro Wrestling
1717:reality television
1699:" and villainous "
1695:, between heroic "
1474:Wrestling families
1434:Attendance records
1369:Death of Owen Hart
429:Salvador Lutteroth
383:Early 20th Century
346:Women of Wrestling
326:Stampede Wrestling
311:Pro Wrestling Noah
251:All Star Wrestling
230:Notable promotions
123:
59:possibly contains
10672:
10671:
10086:
10085:
9875:
9874:
9446:978-1-00-301166-8
9373:978-93-5029-770-4
9354:978-0-9844090-4-4
9347:. Crowbar Press.
9335:978-1-588-36687-0
9316:978-1-77090-689-1
9297:978-1-118-22450-2
9278:978-1-592-40767-5
9271:. Penguin Group.
9229:978-1-138-93723-9
9015:978-1-101-60974-3
8595:978-1-135-88950-0
8058:on June 21, 2010.
7999:corporate.wwe.com
7674:. December 2020.
7503:Williams, Trent.
7276:Pro Wrestling FAQ
7261:Andersen (2017).
6901:Andersen (2017).
6782:. April 9, 1930.
6303:Fantasy wrestling
6014:revenge tragedies
5869:received several
5742:
5741:
5734:
5552:Baron von Raschke
5513:Mexican wrestler
5449:
5448:
5441:
5242:British wrestling
5161:peso semicompleto
5081:held at numerous
5051:competitive sport
4969:Mascarita Sagrada
4915:Scarlett Bordeaux
4789:Fighting Cholitas
4763:Women's wrestling
4526:NYSE trading bell
4346:has had multiple
4304:Behind the scenes
3839:El Hijo del Santo
3808:
3807:
3800:
3240:
3239:
3232:
3078:
3077:
3070:
2983:Hard Justice 2005
2731:
2730:
2723:
2569:S. R. Welborn of
2478:
2477:
2470:
2397:
2396:
2389:
1899:under this Part.
1819:everyday language
1638:amateur wrestling
1607:
1606:
1379:Montreal Screwjob
1238:Ribera Steakhouse
1076:Glossary of terms
1064:World Heavyweight
1037:Wrestling singlet
930:British wrestling
784:
770:Hiroshi Tanahashi
725:
611:
507:
443:
385:
341:UWF International
198:Monday Night Wars
104:
103:
96:
61:original research
16:(Redirected from
10707:
10113:
10106:
10099:
10090:
10089:
9902:
9895:
9888:
9879:
9878:
9792:
9791:
9773:
9772:
9750:
9749:
9738:
9737:
9719:
9718:
9687:
9686:
9675:
9674:
9663:
9662:
9651:
9650:
9621:
9620:
9607:
9606:
9585:
9584:
9566:
9565:
9539:
9532:
9525:
9516:
9515:
9489:
9487:
9485:
9476:. Archived from
9458:
9422:
9420:
9418:
9396:
9377:
9366:. Harper Sport.
9364:Enter the Dangal
9358:
9339:
9320:
9301:
9282:
9263:
9252:
9233:
9214:
9197:
9196:
9194:
9192:
9144:
9135:
9134:
9132:
9130:
9110:
9101:
9100:
9094:
9092:
9056:
9048:
9042:
9041:
9035:
9027:
9001:
8995:
8994:
8992:
8991:
8976:
8970:
8969:
8967:
8966:
8957:. Archived from
8946:
8940:
8939:
8937:
8936:
8917:
8911:
8910:
8908:
8907:
8887:
8881:
8880:
8859:
8850:
8849:
8844:
8843:
8823:
8817:
8816:
8807:Plank, William.
8804:
8798:
8797:
8795:
8794:
8774:
8768:
8762:
8756:
8743:
8737:
8736:
8734:
8727:
8719:Ledford, Brian.
8716:
8710:
8709:
8707:
8706:
8688:
8682:
8669:
8663:
8649:
8643:
8642:
8640:
8639:
8617:
8611:
8610:
8608:
8607:
8579:
8573:
8572:
8570:
8568:
8546:
8540:
8539:
8537:
8536:
8530:
8524:. Archived from
8523:
8514:
8505:
8492:
8486:
8485:
8483:
8476:
8467:
8456:
8455:
8449:
8441:
8439:
8438:
8422:
8416:
8415:
8413:
8412:
8392:
8379:
8378:
8376:
8375:
8355:
8349:
8348:
8333:
8327:
8326:
8324:
8323:
8303:
8297:
8296:
8294:
8293:
8274:
8268:
8267:
8265:
8263:
8241:
8230:
8229:
8227:
8226:
8211:
8200:
8199:
8197:
8196:
8181:
8175:
8174:
8172:
8171:
8156:
8150:
8149:
8147:
8146:
8130:
8124:
8123:
8117:
8109:
8107:
8106:
8095:
8089:
8088:
8083:
8081:
8066:
8060:
8059:
8054:. Archived from
8041:
8035:
8034:
8020:
8014:
8013:
8008:
8006:
7991:
7985:
7984:
7982:
7981:
7966:
7960:
7959:
7957:
7955:
7944:
7935:
7934:
7931:www.fightful.com
7923:
7917:
7916:
7911:. Archived from
7901:
7895:
7894:
7892:
7890:
7871:
7865:
7864:
7862:
7860:
7832:
7823:
7805:
7799:
7798:
7796:
7795:
7779:
7768:
7767:
7765:
7763:
7743:
7737:
7736:
7734:
7733:
7717:
7711:
7693:
7687:
7686:
7684:
7683:
7668:
7662:
7661:
7659:
7658:
7619:Henricks, Thomas
7615:
7609:
7608:
7602:
7597:
7595:
7587:
7585:
7584:
7578:
7571:
7562:
7553:
7552:
7550:
7549:
7530:
7524:
7523:
7521:
7520:
7500:
7494:
7493:
7491:
7490:
7471:
7465:
7464:
7462:
7460:
7449:Business Insider
7440:
7434:
7433:
7431:
7430:
7421:. Archived from
7406:
7400:
7399:
7397:
7396:
7387:. Archived from
7376:
7367:
7366:
7357:Olderman, Murray
7353:
7347:
7340:
7334:
7329:Beekman (2006).
7327:
7318:
7313:Beekman (2006).
7311:
7305:
7300:Beekman (2006).
7298:
7292:
7287:Beekman (2006).
7285:
7279:
7274:Solomon (2015).
7272:
7266:
7259:
7253:
7246:
7240:
7235:Beekman (2006).
7233:
7227:
7226:
7224:
7223:
7204:
7198:
7197:
7195:
7194:
7175:
7169:
7164:Beekman (2006).
7162:
7156:
7151:Beekman (2006).
7149:
7143:
7138:Beekman (2006).
7136:
7130:
7125:Beekman (2006).
7123:
7117:
7112:Beekman (2006).
7110:
7104:
7098:
7092:
7087:Beekman (2006).
7085:
7079:
7073:Beekman (2006).
7070:
7064:
7063:
7052:
7046:
7040:Beekman (2006).
7037:
7031:
7025:Beekman (2006).
7022:
7016:
7010:Beekman (2006).
7007:
7001:
6995:Beekman (2006).
6992:
6986:
6980:Beekman (2006).
6977:
6971:
6970:
6968:
6966:
6946:
6940:
6927:
6921:
6915:Beekman (2006).
6912:
6906:
6899:
6893:
6887:Beekman (2006).
6884:
6878:
6872:Beekman (2006).
6869:
6863:
6850:
6844:
6843:
6831:
6825:
6815:
6809:
6803:
6797:
6795:
6793:
6791:
6772:
6766:
6759:
6753:
6738:
6732:
6726:Beekman (2006).
6723:
6717:
6711:Beekman (2006).
6708:
6702:
6696:Beekman (2006).
6693:
6687:
6680:
6674:
6673:
6662:
6656:
6647:
6641:
6635:Beekman (2006).
6632:
6626:
6620:Beekman (2006).
6617:
6608:
6602:Beekman (2006).
6599:
6593:
6592:
6590:
6589:
6570:
6564:
6562:Enter the Dangal
6558:
6552:
6545:
6539:
6532:
6526:
6525:
6523:
6521:
6506:
6500:
6491:
6485:
6484:
6482:
6481:
6462:
6453:
6443:
6437:
6436:
6425:
6340:Scripted reality
6059:
5833:AT&T Stadium
5823:Billboard charts
5737:
5730:
5726:
5723:
5717:
5694:
5686:
5672:Impact Wrestling
5444:
5437:
5433:
5430:
5424:
5393:
5385:
5288:Joint Promotions
5222:Shinya Hashimoto
5210:submission holds
5134:disqualification
4999:and feuded with
4943:Midget wrestling
4937:Midget wrestling
4899:Impact Wrestling
4779:Impact Knockouts
4610:on motorcycles,
4492:
4064:the Attitude Era
4019:Impact Wrestling
3803:
3796:
3792:
3789:
3783:
3760:
3752:
3662:genre convention
3432:Disqualification
3235:
3228:
3224:
3221:
3215:
3184:
3176:
3073:
3066:
3062:
3059:
3053:
3022:
3014:
2896:thing theoristic
2840:genre convention
2815:Disqualification
2726:
2719:
2715:
2712:
2706:
2683:
2675:
2578:
2516:
2473:
2466:
2462:
2459:
2453:
2430:
2422:
2392:
2385:
2381:
2378:
2372:
2341:
2333:
2285:UHF broadcasting
2280:cable television
2094:
2093:. April 18, 1931
2001:
1917:
1711:, serves as the
1599:
1592:
1585:
1394:Premature deaths
940:Mountevans rules
780:
721:
641:Mitsuharu Misawa
607:
562:Jim Crockett Jr.
503:
498:Bruno Sammartino
441:Mid 20th Century
439:
381:
286:Joint Promotions
148:
125:
124:
119:flying crossbody
99:
92:
88:
85:
79:
76:inline citations
52:
51:
44:
21:
10715:
10714:
10710:
10709:
10708:
10706:
10705:
10704:
10690:Performing arts
10675:
10674:
10673:
10668:
10630:
10572:
10514:
10456:
10398:
10340:
10282:
10224:
10166:
10123:
10117:
10087:
10082:
10078:Doomsday device
10064:
10046:
10013:
9935:
9912:
9906:
9876:
9871:
9843:
9805:
9786:
9767:
9756:
9744:
9732:
9713:
9700:
9681:
9669:
9657:
9645:
9634:
9615:
9601:
9579:
9560:
9549:
9543:
9496:
9483:
9481:
9447:
9416:
9414:
9403:
9401:Further reading
9393:
9374:
9355:
9336:
9317:
9298:
9279:
9249:
9230:
9209:
9206:
9201:
9200:
9190:
9188:
9145:
9138:
9128:
9126:
9111:
9104:
9090:
9088:
9049:
9045:
9029:
9028:
9016:
9002:
8998:
8989:
8987:
8978:
8977:
8973:
8964:
8962:
8949:Farley, Frank.
8947:
8943:
8934:
8932:
8919:
8918:
8914:
8905:
8903:
8888:
8884:
8877:
8860:
8853:
8841:
8839:
8824:
8820:
8805:
8801:
8792:
8790:
8775:
8771:
8763:
8759:
8754:Wayback Machine
8744:
8740:
8732:
8725:
8717:
8713:
8704:
8702:
8689:
8685:
8680:Wayback Machine
8670:
8666:
8650:
8646:
8637:
8635:
8619:
8618:
8614:
8605:
8603:
8596:
8580:
8576:
8566:
8564:
8547:
8543:
8534:
8532:
8528:
8521:
8515:
8508:
8503:Wayback Machine
8493:
8489:
8481:
8474:
8468:
8459:
8443:
8442:
8436:
8434:
8431:SLAM! Wrestling
8423:
8419:
8410:
8408:
8393:
8382:
8373:
8371:
8356:
8352:
8344:on 2008-04-11.
8334:
8330:
8321:
8319:
8304:
8300:
8291:
8289:
8276:
8275:
8271:
8261:
8259:
8242:
8233:
8224:
8222:
8213:
8212:
8203:
8194:
8192:
8183:
8182:
8178:
8169:
8167:
8158:
8157:
8153:
8144:
8142:
8131:
8127:
8111:
8110:
8104:
8102:
8097:
8096:
8092:
8079:
8077:
8075:ThePostGame.com
8067:
8063:
8042:
8038:
8022:
8021:
8017:
8004:
8002:
7993:
7992:
7988:
7979:
7977:
7967:
7963:
7953:
7951:
7946:
7945:
7938:
7925:
7924:
7920:
7903:
7902:
7898:
7888:
7886:
7873:
7872:
7868:
7858:
7856:
7849:
7833:
7826:
7820:Storm Wrestling
7816:Wayback Machine
7806:
7802:
7793:
7791:
7780:
7771:
7761:
7759:
7744:
7740:
7731:
7729:
7718:
7714:
7704:Wayback Machine
7694:
7690:
7681:
7679:
7670:
7669:
7665:
7656:
7654:
7616:
7612:
7600:
7598:
7589:
7588:
7582:
7580:
7576:
7569:
7563:
7556:
7547:
7545:
7532:
7531:
7527:
7518:
7516:
7509:Bleacher Report
7501:
7497:
7488:
7486:
7473:
7472:
7468:
7458:
7456:
7441:
7437:
7428:
7426:
7407:
7403:
7394:
7392:
7377:
7370:
7354:
7350:
7341:
7337:
7328:
7321:
7312:
7308:
7299:
7295:
7286:
7282:
7273:
7269:
7260:
7256:
7247:
7243:
7234:
7230:
7221:
7219:
7206:
7205:
7201:
7192:
7190:
7177:
7176:
7172:
7163:
7159:
7150:
7146:
7137:
7133:
7124:
7120:
7111:
7107:
7099:
7095:
7086:
7082:
7071:
7067:
7054:
7053:
7049:
7038:
7034:
7023:
7019:
7008:
7004:
6993:
6989:
6978:
6974:
6964:
6962:
6947:
6943:
6937:Wayback Machine
6928:
6924:
6913:
6909:
6900:
6896:
6885:
6881:
6870:
6866:
6851:
6847:
6834:
6832:
6828:
6816:
6812:
6804:
6800:
6789:
6787:
6774:
6773:
6769:
6760:
6756:
6748:
6739:
6735:
6724:
6720:
6709:
6705:
6694:
6690:
6681:
6677:
6664:
6663:
6659:
6650:Grasso (2014).
6648:
6644:
6633:
6629:
6618:
6611:
6600:
6596:
6587:
6585:
6572:
6571:
6567:
6559:
6555:
6546:
6542:
6534:Cejudo (2012).
6533:
6529:
6519:
6517:
6508:
6507:
6503:
6492:
6488:
6479:
6477:
6464:
6463:
6456:
6444:
6440:
6426:
6422:
6417:
6412:
6407:
6381:
6353:
6331:
6289:
6272:
6245:
6218:
6164:
6158:
6053:
5918:
5837:WrestleMania 32
5807:Wrestle Kingdom
5803:Bound for Glory
5738:
5727:
5721:
5718:
5707:
5695:
5684:
5637:Richard Widmark
5584:, based on the
5531:Ready to Rumble
5504:Merriam-Webster
5445:
5434:
5428:
5425:
5410:
5394:
5383:
5366:fantasy leagues
5335:shared language
5313:
5127:Ăšltimo Guerrero
5095:
5009:
4945:
4939:
4919:Tessa Blanchard
4828:
4822:
4781:
4771:
4765:
4760:
4651:Vickie Guerrero
4616:Alberto Del Rio
4591:, and so forth.
4537:strobe lighting
4518:Right to Censor
4490:
4360:
4323:Kazuchika Okada
4300:cross-promotion
4249:
4243:
4204:
4192:human sacrifice
4114:Ricky Steamboat
4072:
4060:Hart Foundation
3987:Gorgeous George
3933:Ricky Steamboat
3898:secret identity
3870:Doink the Clown
3827:
3821:
3804:
3793:
3787:
3784:
3773:
3761:
3750:
3741:
3679:
3636:
3505:TriplemanĂa XXV
3434:
3413:
3389:
3353:Bryan Danielson
3286:
3254:
3248:
3236:
3225:
3219:
3216:
3201:
3185:
3174:
3166:New Age Outlaws
3084:
3074:
3063:
3057:
3054:
3039:
3023:
3012:
2877:no holds barred
2850:An alternative
2817:of the opponent
2760:
2727:
2716:
2710:
2707:
2696:
2684:
2673:
2647:, is the first
2624:special effects
2579:
2575:Murray Olderman
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2549:
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2480:Main articles:
2474:
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2181:Gorgeous George
2145:catch wrestling
2141:
2117:
2095:
2089:Morris Markey.
2088:
2047:
2020:
2002:
2000:. July 22, 1905
1996:
1967:catch wrestling
1959:
1954:
1936:
1918:
1916:19 CRR-NY 213.2
1915:
1843:
1811:popular culture
1792:Germany/Austria
1603:
1574:
1573:
1522:Sport wrestling
1487:
1479:
1478:
1429:
1421:
1420:
1354:
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1243:Ten-bell salute
1216:Gustave Courbet
1186:Cauliflower ear
1176:
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1024:
1016:
1015:
925:
917:
916:
837:
829:
828:
804:Kazuchika Okada
794:Bryan Danielson
782:2010s and 2020s
651:Toshiaki Kawada
542:André the Giant
505:1970s and 1980s
448:Gorgeous George
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9494:External links
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9159:(2): 129–148.
9136:
9121:. p. 6C.
9102:
9043:
9014:
8996:
8971:
8941:
8912:
8882:
8876:978-1578060207
8875:
8851:
8818:
8815:on 2008-04-11.
8799:
8769:
8757:
8738:
8735:on 2008-04-09.
8711:
8683:
8664:
8644:
8612:
8594:
8574:
8541:
8506:
8487:
8484:on 2009-03-24.
8457:
8417:
8380:
8350:
8328:
8298:
8284:. 4 Oct 2017.
8269:
8231:
8201:
8176:
8151:
8137:. Stason.org.
8133:Bekman, Stas.
8125:
8090:
8061:
8036:
8015:
7986:
7961:
7936:
7918:
7915:on 2023-02-27.
7896:
7866:
7847:
7824:
7800:
7769:
7738:
7712:
7688:
7663:
7633:(3): 177–188.
7610:
7601:|journal=
7554:
7525:
7495:
7475:"Brock Lesnar"
7466:
7435:
7401:
7368:
7348:
7342:Thesz (2011).
7335:
7319:
7306:
7293:
7280:
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6941:
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6879:
6864:
6845:
6826:
6810:
6798:
6767:
6761:Thesz (2011).
6754:
6733:
6718:
6703:
6688:
6682:Thesz (2011).
6675:
6657:
6642:
6627:
6609:
6594:
6565:
6553:
6540:
6527:
6516:. 12 July 2024
6501:
6486:
6472:. 2017-10-04.
6454:
6438:
6419:
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6408:
6406:
6403:
6402:
6401:
6394:
6387:
6380:
6377:
6376:
6375:
6368:
6361:
6352:
6351:Radio programs
6349:
6348:
6347:
6342:
6337:
6330:
6329:Related genres
6327:
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6240:
6239:
6234:
6229:
6224:
6217:
6214:
6176:Davey Richards
6157:
6154:
6071:Beyond the Mat
6018:morality plays
5970:Roland Barthes
5936:New York Times
5930:Beyond the Mat
5917:
5914:
5850:Beyond the Mat
5816:World Wide Web
5772:cultural icons
5740:
5739:
5722:September 2018
5698:
5696:
5689:
5683:
5680:
5631:, directed by
5447:
5446:
5429:September 2018
5397:
5395:
5388:
5382:
5379:
5312:
5309:
5233:Wrestling and
5165:wrestling ring
5094:
5091:
5044:sports editor
5036:marketing term
5008:
5005:
4959:during a match
4955:(in blue) and
4938:
4935:
4927:Jordynne Grace
4824:Main article:
4821:
4818:
4767:Main article:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4739:
4738:
4723:
4716:
4705:
4694:Shawn Michaels
4682:
4666:Orange Cassidy
4662:
4635:
4596:Eddie Guerrero
4592:
4557:D-Generation X
4549:The Undertaker
4529:
4506:The Undertaker
4494:
4478:The Undertaker
4470:
4467:Christian Cage
4359:
4356:
4245:Main article:
4242:
4239:
4211:The Undertaker
4203:
4200:
4180:the Undertaker
4071:
4068:
4056:D-Generation X
4040:Dwayne Johnson
3957:The Undertaker
3925:Shawn Michaels
3837:(in blue) and
3835:Blue Demon Jr.
3823:Main article:
3820:
3817:
3806:
3805:
3764:
3762:
3755:
3749:
3746:
3740:
3737:
3723:triangle choke
3715:All In in 2023
3695:Shawn Michaels
3687:The Undertaker
3678:
3675:
3670:Charles Wright
3635:
3632:
3584:
3583:
3579:
3572:
3569:
3566:
3559:
3556:
3549:foreign object
3545:
3540:employment of
3534:Shawn Michaels
3529:Aubrey Edwards
3512:
3489:
3486:Superman Punch
3433:
3430:
3412:
3409:
3388:
3385:
3304:Rene Bonaparte
3285:
3282:
3250:Main article:
3247:
3244:
3238:
3237:
3220:September 2018
3188:
3186:
3179:
3173:
3170:
3148:hardcore rules
3133:, into a match
3080:Main article:
3076:
3075:
3058:September 2018
3026:
3024:
3017:
3011:
3008:
3007:
3006:
3003:
2999:
2996:
2993:
2974:guest referees
2857:Iron Man match
2832:
2831:
2825:
2818:
2812:
2806:
2788:wrestling ring
2776:wrestling ring
2759:
2756:
2738:. Sociologist
2729:
2728:
2687:
2685:
2678:
2672:
2669:
2566:
2548:
2545:
2506:
2476:
2475:
2458:September 2018
2434:
2432:
2425:
2419:
2416:
2395:
2394:
2377:September 2018
2345:
2343:
2336:
2330:
2327:
2202:
2199:
2165:(likeable) or
2152:Gold Dust Trio
2140:
2137:
2116:
2113:
2091:The New Yorker
2086:
2046:
2043:
2019:
2016:
1994:
1958:
1955:
1935:
1932:
1913:
1842:
1839:
1821:as well as in
1788:United Kingdom
1768:sports leagues
1740:performing art
1705:wrestling ring
1624:that combines
1605:
1604:
1602:
1601:
1594:
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1499:
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1488:
1486:Related topics
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1201:Luchador films
1193:
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1163:Wrestling ring
1160:
1158:Weight classes
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1042:Wrestling shoe
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745:Eddie Guerrero
742:
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698:
693:
688:
686:Shawn Michaels
683:
678:
673:
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653:
648:
643:
638:
633:
631:The Undertaker
628:
626:The Great Muta
623:
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605:
604:
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597:Hisashi Shinma
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178:Gold Dust Trio
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113:(jumping) and
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6:
4:
3:
2:
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9891:
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9883:
9880:
9866:
9865:South America
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9318:
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9309:. ECW Press.
9308:
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9260:
9254:
9250:
9248:0-275-98401-X
9244:
9240:
9235:
9231:
9225:
9222:. Routledge.
9221:
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9208:
9207:
9186:
9182:
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9174:
9170:
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9162:
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9119:Baltimore Sun
9116:
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9062:
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9055:
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9033:
9025:
9021:
9017:
9011:
9007:
9000:
8986:on 2018-12-16
8985:
8981:
8975:
8961:on 2007-12-08
8960:
8956:
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8930:
8926:
8922:
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8886:
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8863:Mazer, Sharon
8858:
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8833:
8829:
8822:
8814:
8810:
8803:
8789:on 2008-07-05
8788:
8784:
8780:
8773:
8767:
8761:
8755:
8751:
8748:
8742:
8731:
8724:
8723:
8715:
8701:on 2005-06-13
8700:
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8681:
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8661:9780822334385
8658:
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8616:
8601:
8597:
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8557:
8552:
8545:
8531:on 2008-04-09
8527:
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8500:
8497:
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8389:
8387:
8385:
8370:on 2008-04-12
8369:
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8339:
8332:
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8254:(in French).
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7909:cite.case.law
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7621:(July 1974).
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7561:
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7543:
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7529:
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7454:
7450:
7446:
7439:
7425:on 2013-11-08
7424:
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7412:
7405:
7391:on 2010-03-06
7390:
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7375:
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7365:. p. 15.
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7239:. pp. 102–103
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7045:, pp. 124–125
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6514:Cagematch.net
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6220:
6219:
6213:
6211:
6207:
6203:
6202:substantivism
6198:
6196:
6192:
6188:
6187:Cliff Stearns
6184:
6179:
6177:
6173:
6169:
6163:
6153:
6151:
6147:
6143:
6142:Chris Jericho
6139:
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5907:
5903:
5899:
5895:
5891:
5887:
5883:
5878:
5876:
5875:Mickey Rourke
5872:
5868:
5867:
5862:
5858:
5857:
5852:
5851:
5846:
5838:
5834:
5830:
5826:
5824:
5819:
5817:
5812:
5809:and formerly
5808:
5804:
5800:
5796:
5792:
5788:
5784:
5781:in traveling
5780:
5775:
5773:
5769:
5768:
5763:
5759:
5752:match in 1955
5751:
5746:
5736:
5733:
5725:
5715:
5711:
5705:
5704:
5699:This section
5697:
5693:
5688:
5687:
5679:
5677:
5673:
5669:
5665:
5661:
5657:
5652:
5650:
5646:
5642:
5638:
5635:and starring
5634:
5630:
5629:
5625:
5620:
5618:
5614:
5613:Chris Jericho
5610:
5606:
5605:Dave Bautista
5602:
5597:
5595:
5591:
5587:
5583:
5579:
5578:
5573:
5572:
5567:
5563:
5562:
5557:
5553:
5549:
5545:
5544:
5539:
5538:
5537:¡Mucha Lucha!
5533:
5532:
5524:
5520:
5516:
5511:
5507:
5505:
5501:
5500:
5495:
5489:
5487:
5483:
5478:
5476:
5472:
5464:
5463:
5462:Ronald Reagan
5457:
5456:Bill Goldberg
5453:
5443:
5440:
5432:
5422:
5418:
5414:
5408:
5407:
5403:
5398:This section
5396:
5392:
5387:
5386:
5378:
5375:
5371:
5367:
5362:
5358:
5356:
5352:
5348:
5343:
5341:
5340:pecking order
5336:
5332:
5327:
5321:
5317:
5308:
5305:
5301:
5297:
5293:
5289:
5284:
5280:
5276:
5272:
5268:
5264:
5260:
5256:
5252:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5236:
5231:
5227:
5223:
5219:
5215:
5211:
5208:
5205:strikes with
5204:
5200:
5197:
5193:
5189:
5185:
5181:
5177:
5172:
5170:
5166:
5162:
5158:
5154:
5153:cruiserweight
5149:
5145:
5141:
5132:
5128:
5124:
5123:Gran Guerrero
5119:
5115:
5113:
5109:
5105:
5099:
5090:
5088:
5084:
5080:
5076:
5072:
5068:
5062:
5060:
5054:
5052:
5047:
5043:
5042:
5037:
5033:
5032:Vince McMahon
5029:
5025:
5017:
5016:Vince McMahon
5013:
5004:
5002:
4998:
4994:
4990:
4986:
4982:
4978:
4974:
4970:
4965:
4958:
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4817:
4815:
4811:
4807:
4803:
4798:
4797:Mildred Burke
4790:
4785:
4780:
4776:
4770:
4755:
4753:
4749:
4744:
4736:
4732:
4728:
4724:
4721:
4720:ringside crew
4717:
4714:
4710:
4709:The Sandman's
4706:
4703:
4702:Paul Orndorff
4699:
4695:
4691:
4687:
4683:
4679:
4675:
4671:
4667:
4663:
4660:
4656:
4655:The Acclaimed
4652:
4648:
4644:
4640:
4636:
4633:
4629:
4625:
4621:
4617:
4613:
4612:The Mexicools
4609:
4605:
4601:
4600:Chuck Palumbo
4597:
4593:
4590:
4589:Trish Stratus
4586:
4582:
4578:
4577:John Morrison
4574:
4570:
4566:
4562:
4561:Shane McMahon
4558:
4554:
4550:
4546:
4542:
4538:
4534:
4533:mood lighting
4530:
4527:
4523:
4519:
4515:
4514:Scott Steiner
4511:
4508:'s signature
4507:
4503:
4499:
4495:
4488:
4483:
4479:
4475:
4471:
4468:
4464:
4460:
4456:
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4418:
4415:
4411:
4403:
4399:
4395:
4391:
4389:
4385:
4379:
4372:
4368:
4364:
4358:Ring entrance
4355:
4353:
4352:Ăšltimo DragĂłn
4349:
4345:
4340:
4332:
4328:
4324:
4320:
4316:
4313:
4309:
4305:
4301:
4296:
4294:
4289:
4287:
4283:
4279:
4278:combat sports
4276:
4269:
4268:championships
4265:
4264:Big Gold Belt
4261:
4257:
4253:
4248:
4241:Championships
4238:
4234:
4232:
4224:
4220:
4216:
4215:Vince McMahon
4212:
4208:
4199:
4195:
4193:
4189:
4185:
4181:
4177:
4173:
4169:
4165:
4160:
4158:
4154:
4148:
4146:
4143:) lasts. The
4142:
4137:
4135:
4134:Vince McMahon
4131:
4127:
4126:Masato Tanaka
4123:
4119:
4115:
4111:
4107:
4100:
4096:
4092:
4088:
4084:
4082:
4076:
4067:
4065:
4061:
4057:
4053:
4049:
4045:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4027:
4022:
4020:
4016:
4012:
4008:
4004:
4000:
3996:
3988:
3984:
3980:
3978:
3977:Jesse Ventura
3974:
3973:Antonio Inoki
3970:
3966:
3962:
3958:
3954:
3950:
3946:
3945:Andrew Martin
3942:
3938:
3934:
3930:
3926:
3922:
3918:
3914:
3909:
3907:
3903:
3899:
3895:
3891:
3887:
3883:
3879:
3875:
3874:Chris Jericho
3871:
3867:
3863:
3859:
3852:
3848:
3844:
3840:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3816:
3814:
3802:
3799:
3791:
3788:November 2010
3781:
3777:
3771:
3770:
3765:This section
3763:
3759:
3754:
3753:
3745:
3736:
3732:
3730:
3729:
3724:
3720:
3716:
3712:
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3623:
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3605:
3600:
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3522:
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3513:
3510:
3506:
3502:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3487:
3483:
3479:
3474:
3473:
3472:
3466:
3465:folding chair
3462:
3458:
3454:
3447:
3442:
3438:
3429:
3425:
3421:
3419:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3398:
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3378:
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3368:
3364:
3362:
3358:
3354:
3350:
3346:
3342:
3338:
3334:
3330:
3326:
3325:Chris Jericho
3322:
3318:
3314:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3289:
3281:
3277:
3275:
3269:
3262:
3258:
3253:
3243:
3234:
3231:
3223:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3199:
3198:
3194:
3189:This section
3187:
3183:
3178:
3177:
3169:
3167:
3161:
3159:
3158:
3153:
3149:
3144:
3141:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3072:
3069:
3061:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3037:
3036:
3032:
3027:This section
3025:
3021:
3016:
3015:
3004:
3000:
2997:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2968:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2950:
2948:
2944:
2936:
2932:
2931:Tommy Seigler
2928:
2924:
2921:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2903:
2901:
2897:
2889:
2884:
2880:
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2811:
2807:
2804:
2801:
2800:
2799:
2796:
2793:
2789:
2784:
2777:
2773:
2772:Antonio Inoki
2769:
2764:
2755:
2751:
2749:
2745:
2744:structuralist
2741:
2737:
2725:
2722:
2714:
2711:November 2010
2704:
2700:
2694:
2693:
2688:This section
2686:
2682:
2677:
2676:
2668:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2640:
2637:
2633:
2629:
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2589:
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2563:
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2533:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2515:
2511:
2505:
2500:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2483:
2472:
2469:
2461:
2451:
2447:
2441:
2440:
2435:This section
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2346:This section
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2300:
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2293:
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2283:channels via
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2198:
2196:
2192:
2191:Vince McMahon
2188:
2187:
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2178:
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2170:
2168:
2164:
2159:
2157:
2153:
2148:
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2122:
2121:Vince McMahon
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2018:Cartelization
2015:
2011:
2008:
2005:The wrestler
1999:
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1776:United States
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1729:improvisation
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1616:, or simply,
1615:
1614:pro wrestling
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1518:
1517:Shootfighting
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1442:
1440:
1439:Championships
1437:
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1353:Controversies
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1270:Media outlets
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1221:Thomas Eakins
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982:Mini-Estrella
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947:Cruiserweight
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57:This article
55:
46:
45:
40:
33:
19:
18:Pro wrestling
10120:
10042:Sharpshooter
9908:
9545:
9484:September 7,
9482:. Retrieved
9478:the original
9464:
9428:
9417:September 7,
9415:. Retrieved
9409:
9385:. ABC-CLIO.
9382:
9363:
9344:
9325:
9306:
9287:
9268:
9258:
9238:
9219:
9213:(DVD). 2005.
9210:
9189:. Retrieved
9156:
9152:
9127:. Retrieved
9118:
9096:
9089:. Retrieved
9058:
9046:
9008:. New York.
9005:
8999:
8988:. Retrieved
8984:the original
8974:
8963:. Retrieved
8959:the original
8954:
8944:
8933:. Retrieved
8924:
8915:
8904:. Retrieved
8895:
8885:
8866:
8846:
8840:. Retrieved
8831:
8821:
8813:the original
8802:
8791:. Retrieved
8787:the original
8782:
8772:
8760:
8741:
8730:the original
8721:
8714:
8703:. Retrieved
8699:the original
8693:
8686:
8667:
8652:
8647:
8636:. Retrieved
8627:
8622:
8615:
8604:. Retrieved
8584:
8577:
8567:September 5,
8565:. Retrieved
8561:the original
8556:SĂşper Luchas
8554:
8544:
8533:. Retrieved
8526:the original
8490:
8479:the original
8435:. Retrieved
8430:
8420:
8409:. Retrieved
8400:
8372:. Retrieved
8368:the original
8363:
8353:
8345:
8342:the original
8331:
8320:. Retrieved
8311:
8301:
8290:. Retrieved
8281:
8272:
8260:. Retrieved
8249:
8223:. Retrieved
8193:. Retrieved
8179:
8168:. Retrieved
8154:
8143:. Retrieved
8128:
8103:. Retrieved
8093:
8085:
8078:. Retrieved
8074:
8064:
8056:the original
8049:
8039:
8031:
8028:the original
8018:
8010:
8003:. Retrieved
7998:
7989:
7978:. Retrieved
7975:TheSportster
7974:
7964:
7952:. Retrieved
7930:
7921:
7913:the original
7908:
7899:
7887:. Retrieved
7878:
7869:
7857:. Retrieved
7837:
7819:
7803:
7792:. Retrieved
7760:. Retrieved
7751:
7741:
7730:. Retrieved
7715:
7710:(2018): 204.
7707:
7691:
7680:. Retrieved
7666:
7655:. Retrieved
7630:
7626:
7613:
7592:cite journal
7581:. Retrieved
7546:. Retrieved
7537:
7528:
7517:. Retrieved
7508:
7498:
7487:. Retrieved
7478:
7469:
7457:. Retrieved
7448:
7438:
7427:. Retrieved
7423:the original
7414:
7404:
7393:. Retrieved
7389:the original
7384:
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7351:
7343:
7338:
7330:
7314:
7309:
7301:
7296:
7288:
7283:
7275:
7270:
7262:
7257:
7249:
7244:
7236:
7231:
7220:. Retrieved
7211:
7202:
7191:. Retrieved
7182:
7173:
7165:
7160:
7152:
7147:
7139:
7134:
7126:
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7108:
7101:
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7059:
7050:
7041:
7035:
7026:
7020:
7011:
7005:
6996:
6990:
6981:
6975:
6963:. Retrieved
6954:
6944:
6925:
6916:
6910:
6902:
6897:
6888:
6882:
6873:
6867:
6859:
6854:
6848:
6839:
6829:
6819:
6813:
6806:
6801:
6788:. Retrieved
6779:
6770:
6762:
6757:
6750:
6742:
6736:
6727:
6721:
6712:
6706:
6697:
6691:
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6678:
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6651:
6645:
6636:
6630:
6621:
6603:
6597:
6586:. Retrieved
6568:
6561:
6556:
6548:
6543:
6535:
6530:
6518:. Retrieved
6513:
6504:
6495:
6489:
6478:. Retrieved
6469:
6448:
6441:
6433:
6429:
6423:
6398:The Wrestler
6396:
6389:
6370:
6363:
6356:
6199:
6195:Chris Benoit
6183:use steroids
6180:
6165:
6135:
6129:
6121:
6111:
6105:
6095:
6088:Jake Roberts
6069:
6061:
5984:
5973:
5966:
5962:Heather Levi
5950:journalistic
5943:
5938:best-selling
5935:
5928:
5908:(AJPW), and
5896:(CMLL), and
5879:
5866:The Wrestler
5864:
5854:
5848:
5842:
5820:
5795:WrestleMania
5791:pay-per-view
5776:
5765:
5755:
5728:
5719:
5708:Please help
5703:verification
5700:
5653:
5641:Gene Tierney
5633:Jules Dassin
5626:
5621:
5598:
5577:The Wrestler
5575:
5571:Kim Possible
5569:
5559:
5555:
5547:
5541:
5535:
5529:
5527:
5497:
5490:
5479:
5467:
5461:
5435:
5426:
5411:Please help
5399:
5374:role-playing
5363:
5359:
5344:
5328:
5325:
5255:West Germany
5239:
5214:martial arts
5203:martial arts
5199:combat sport
5196:full contact
5173:
5144:aerial holds
5137:
5100:
5096:
5087:Roller derby
5079:mascot races
5063:
5055:
5041:Toronto Star
5039:
5023:
5021:
4966:
4962:
4877:
4873:
4865:
4852:
4847:Andy Kaufman
4836:Jerry Lawler
4832:Andy Kaufman
4829:
4794:
4775:Women in WWE
4743:WrestleMania
4740:
4735:Rey Mysterio
4569:Seth Rollins
4565:Brock Lesnar
4459:Seth Rollins
4453:), fire for
4443:Pyrotechnics
4435:pyrotechnics
4422:
4419:
4407:
4380:
4376:
4367:Melina Perez
4336:
4297:
4290:
4282:championship
4272:
4235:
4228:
4219:Brock Lesnar
4196:
4161:
4157:social media
4149:
4138:
4130:Steve Austin
4122:Mike Awesome
4118:dark matches
4103:
4099:Attitude Era
4077:
4073:
4023:
3992:
3940:
3910:
3906:supervillain
3886:Steve Austin
3866:cartoon-like
3855:
3813:pay-per-view
3809:
3794:
3785:
3774:Please help
3769:verification
3766:
3742:
3733:
3726:
3683:Brock Lesnar
3680:
3667:
3659:
3640:
3637:
3624:
3601:
3597:Dusty Rhodes
3593:weapon usage
3585:
3482:Roman Reigns
3478:Jerry Lawler
3470:
3457:Jimmy Jacobs
3435:
3426:
3422:
3414:
3405:
3401:
3390:
3369:
3365:
3361:kata ha jime
3349:Chris Benoit
3345:Dean Malenko
3341:Ken Shamrock
3313:Ken Shamrock
3309:
3300:camel clutch
3287:
3278:
3270:
3266:
3241:
3226:
3217:
3202:Please help
3190:
3162:
3155:
3152:ladder match
3145:
3136:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3064:
3055:
3040:Please help
3028:
2987:
2971:
2951:
2940:
2920:Royal Rumble
2912:battle royal
2904:
2900:ladder match
2893:
2868:
2864:
2861:
2849:
2836:
2833:
2828:Knocking out
2797:
2785:
2781:
2752:
2732:
2717:
2708:
2697:Please help
2692:verification
2689:
2661:Brock Lesnar
2641:
2636:WrestleMania
2613:
2581:
2558:Gordon Solie
2551:
2540:
2536:
2534:
2525:
2519:
2513:
2502:
2495:
2490:
2489:
2464:
2455:
2444:Please help
2439:verification
2436:
2413:
2402:
2398:
2383:
2374:
2359:Please help
2347:
2307:
2288:
2273:
2254:
2251:
2244:
2220:
2209:, Lou Daro,
2204:
2184:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2166:
2162:
2160:
2149:
2142:
2118:
2115:Deregulation
2109:
2104:
2100:
2097:
2090:
2082:
2076:
2066:
2060:
2056:Jim Browning
2048:
2036:
2032:
2021:
2012:
2004:
1997:
1990:
1986:
1975:
1972:
1960:
1926:
1922:
1920:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1879:
1875:
1844:
1800:
1757:
1744:match-fixing
1737:
1721:choreography
1670:
1642:martial arts
1617:
1613:
1609:
1608:
1564:Stage combat
1502:Martial arts
1492:Combat sport
1403:
1399:Speaking Out
1338:
1333:SĂşper Luchas
1331:
1324:
1317:
1310:
1303:
1296:
1289:
1282:
1275:
1226:William Etty
1059:Championship
1001:
989:
980:
968:
935:All-in style
902:Saudi Arabia
799:Roman Reigns
781:
779:
755:Brock Lesnar
750:Rey Mysterio
740:Jeff Jarrett
722:
720:
676:Jim Cornette
661:Antonio Peña
608:
606:
592:Randy Savage
577:Dynamite Kid
552:Dusty Rhodes
547:Carlos ColĂłn
537:Mil Máscaras
522:Gordon Solie
504:
502:
458:Sam Muchnick
440:
438:
404:Billy Sandow
382:
213:The Invasion
203:Attitude Era
137:
90:
81:
58:
10070:Double-team
10032:Nelson hold
10027:Boston crab
9999:Spinebuster
9979:Neckbreaker
9954:Brainbuster
9949:Backbreaker
9834:Puerto Rico
9474:1874/399263
9241:. Praeger.
9191:January 25,
9129:January 25,
9091:13 February
8080:February 2,
7385:Mythologies
7263:Fantasyland
7252:8th edition
7015:, pp. 78–79
6903:Fantasyland
6731:, pp. 59–60
6640:, pp. 39–40
6345:Docufiction
6313:Lucha libre
6243:Terminology
6150:Roddy Piper
6146:Rob Van Dam
6074:focused on
6063:Documentary
6042:masculinity
5975:Mythologies
5954:conventions
5543:Nacho Libre
5351:dirt sheets
5320:Frank Gotch
5235:Dragon Gate
5230:Keiji Mutoh
5226:Riki Chōshū
5207:shoot style
5140:Lucha libre
4989:Hornswoggle
4985:Dave Finlay
4883:Luna Vachon
4879:Intergender
4854:Cathy Davis
4820:Intergender
4698:Cody Rhodes
4674:Mr. Kennedy
4632:Darby Allin
4553:Alexa Bliss
4522:Bret Hart's
4369:performs a
4291:Almost all
4275:title match
3995:protagonist
3921:Randy Orton
3894:lucha libre
3649:handed the
3608:yellow card
3525:Earl Hebner
3461:El Generico
3420:opponents.
3317:tapping out
3298:performs a
3104:Randy Orton
2952:Due to the
2947:lucha libre
2592:fourth wall
2522:Jack Pfefer
2296:USA Network
2265:Wally Karbo
2261:Verne Gagne
2259:recognized
2232:Dick Shikat
2224:Paul Bowser
2211:Paul Bowser
2207:Jack Curley
2135:" company.
2073:Jack Curley
2063:Jack Pfefer
2039:Dick Shikat
1980:comes from
1835:video games
1650:open secret
1646:showmanship
1626:mock combat
1507:Mock combat
1284:Box y Lucha
1277:Botchamania
1248:Video games
1231:George Luks
1191:Comic books
1128:Match types
1049:Backyarding
997:Shoot style
970:Lucha libre
964:Intergender
892:Puerto Rico
887:New Zealand
824:Cody Rhodes
809:Kenny Omega
760:Randy Orton
701:Vince Russo
671:Paul Heyman
602:Akira Maeda
517:Harley Race
478:Verne Gagne
419:Jack Pfefer
409:Toots Mondt
399:Frank Gotch
115:Jonny Storm
10679:Categories
9984:Piledriver
9974:Facebuster
9855:Promotions
9799:promotions
9780:promotions
9726:promotions
9694:promotions
9573:promotions
9548:by country
8990:2008-01-05
8965:2008-03-22
8935:2017-09-08
8906:2008-03-19
8842:2008-03-19
8793:2008-03-21
8705:2008-03-19
8638:2020-10-27
8606:2020-11-19
8535:2008-03-20
8437:2008-03-21
8411:2008-03-19
8374:2008-03-21
8322:2008-03-21
8292:2022-11-16
8225:2023-09-27
8195:2009-07-08
8170:2009-07-15
8145:2012-06-10
8105:2012-06-10
8005:August 29,
7980:2022-07-01
7954:August 29,
7794:2013-04-20
7762:August 20,
7732:2012-06-10
7682:2022-04-23
7657:2024-01-24
7583:2024-01-24
7548:2022-12-07
7519:2022-12-07
7489:2022-12-07
7429:2014-01-05
7395:2008-03-21
7265:. chpt. 27
7222:2023-07-03
7193:2023-07-03
6833:quoted in
6588:2015-11-08
6480:2024-01-30
6405:References
6379:In fiction
6160:See also:
6084:Mick Foley
6080:retirement
6076:Terry Funk
6066:filmmakers
6056:homoerotic
6046:aggression
5991:literature
5987:soap opera
5948:study and
5925:Mick Foley
5912:in Japan.
5561:South Park
5523:Tulancingo
5499:SmackDown!
5331:fraternity
5180:psychology
5155:division (
5112:antiheroes
5071:basketball
4993:shillelagh
4911:Eric Young
4862:exhibition
4802:June Byers
4791:in Bolivia
4773:See also:
4727:Kurt Angle
4659:Max Caster
4606:, and the
4463:Finn Bálor
4414:The Shield
4384:Hulk Hogan
4286:title belt
4237:audience.
4225:looking on
4145:main event
4011:antiheroes
4003:antagonist
3961:Hulk Hogan
3900:akin to a
3847:Blue Demon
3739:No contest
3719:Kurt Angle
3642:Raw is War
3582:wrestler).
3493:gouging it
3337:Kurt Angle
3284:Submission
3092:Jeff Hardy
2979:Tito Ortiz
2954:legitimate
2908:cage match
2645:Kurt Angle
2600:spectators
2405:Kurt Angle
2302:See also:
2276:north-east
2195:Hulk Hogan
2052:Jim Londos
2024:East Coast
1938:See also:
1831:television
1807:vernacular
1760:promotions
1713:main stage
1685:stage name
1552:Luta Livre
1547:Lancashire
1542:Submission
1512:Pankration
1454:Promotions
1319:Power Slam
1312:OSW Review
1212:Paintings
1123:House show
1071:Dirt sheet
952:X Division
735:Kurt Angle
696:Scott Hall
691:Kevin Nash
616:Ted Turner
587:Hulk Hogan
532:Giant Baba
512:Terry Funk
483:Karl Gotch
473:Blue Demon
424:Jim Londos
183:1980s boom
117:perform a
68:improve it
10700:Wrestling
10119:Years in
10060:Moonsault
9994:Powerslam
9989:Powerbomb
9959:Chokeslam
9911:maneuvers
9455:233598773
9181:145713868
9173:0162-0436
9073:0307-1235
9032:cite book
9024:861696350
8925:Frontline
8628:Wrestlers
8262:22 August
7647:0038-0245
6415:Citations
6365:Talksport
6206:denialism
6113:True Life
6050:peacetime
6030:attitudes
6022:burlesque
6003:classical
5999:synthesis
5980:spectacle
5861:Bret Hart
5811:Starrcade
5787:carnivals
5767:Telecatch
5750:RikidĹŤzan
5624:film noir
5622:The 1950
5601:John Cena
5564:episode "
5548:The Baron
5519:folk hero
5517:became a
5400:does not
5292:Big Daddy
5279:Otto Wanz
5073:with the
5046:Lou Marsh
5022:The term
5003:in 2009.
4977:Tinieblas
4856:sued the
4845:Comedian
4758:Subgenres
4748:John Cena
4731:The Brood
4690:Lex Luger
4681:verbatim.
4643:Road Dogg
4585:Val Venis
4510:bell toll
4498:Pavlovian
4487:Adam Page
4447:The Brood
4398:Ric Flair
4344:Ric Flair
4325:held the
4260:Ric Flair
4110:Ric Flair
4081:vignettes
4048:profanity
4015:Samoa Joe
3917:John Cena
3913:Bret Hart
3902:superhero
3882:John Cena
3868:(such as
3858:character
3728:SmackDown
3711:Adam Cole
3589:low blows
3561:A direct
3497:Sexy Star
3333:Bret Hart
3329:Ric Flair
3191:does not
3029:does not
3010:Tag rules
2667:in 2000.
2605:babyfaces
2596:pantomime
2530:Lou Thesz
2510:Lou Thesz
2348:does not
2269:Minnesota
2257:Joe Dusek
2139:The style
2119:In 1989,
2007:Lou Thesz
1963:Civil War
1893:bona fide
1885:bona fide
1847:wrestling
1749:spectacle
1658:bona fide
1618:wrestling
1459:Rivalries
1208:Magazines
1143:Ring name
842:Australia
836:By region
819:Nick Khan
814:Tony Khan
765:John Cena
681:Bret Hart
567:Big Daddy
557:Ric Flair
488:RikidĹŤzan
434:Lou Thesz
84:July 2023
72:verifying
32:Wrestling
9931:Leg drop
9926:Dropkick
9554:Americas
9185:Archived
9123:Archived
9085:Archived
9081:49632006
8929:Archived
8900:Archived
8865:(1998).
8836:Archived
8750:Archived
8676:Archived
8632:Archived
8600:Archived
8499:Archived
8446:cite web
8405:Archived
8360:"Unions"
8316:Archived
8286:Archived
8282:ABC News
8256:Archived
8251:Vice.com
8219:Archived
8189:Archived
8164:Archived
8139:Archived
8114:cite web
7883:Archived
7853:Archived
7812:Archived
7788:Archived
7756:Archived
7726:Archived
7700:Archived
7676:Archived
7651:Archived
7574:Archived
7542:Archived
7513:Archived
7483:Archived
7453:Archived
7333:. p. 138
7331:Ringside
7317:. p. 130
7315:Ringside
7302:Ringside
7291:. p. 122
7289:Ringside
7237:Ringside
7216:Archived
7187:Archived
7166:Ringside
7153:Ringside
7140:Ringside
7127:Ringside
7114:Ringside
7089:Ringside
7075:Ringside
7042:Ringside
7027:Ringside
7012:Ringside
6997:Ringside
6982:Ringside
6959:Archived
6933:Archived
6920:, p. 131
6917:Ringside
6889:Ringside
6874:Ringside
6784:Archived
6745:, p. 307
6728:Ringside
6713:Ringside
6698:Ringside
6655:, p. 162
6637:Ringside
6622:Ringside
6604:Ringside
6582:Archived
6496:Benjamin
6474:Archived
6470:ABC News
6323:Puroresu
6216:See also
6208:and the
6038:violence
5946:academic
5904:(NJPW),
5783:circuses
5779:sideshow
5674:and the
5515:El Santo
5494:The Rock
5176:puroresu
5169:tag team
4981:KeMonito
4953:Microman
4752:Triple H
4541:Triple H
4182:and his
4168:misogyny
4095:The Rock
4035:Big Show
3999:babyface
3969:politics
3965:El Santo
3953:The Rock
3878:The Rock
3843:El Santo
3699:Triple H
3655:The Rock
3627:tag team
3612:red card
3501:Rosemary
3459:strikes
3446:low blow
3418:babyface
3411:Countout
3387:Knockout
3157:de facto
3131:Gail Kim
3100:Triple H
3082:Tag team
2972:Special
2937:looks on
2852:subgenre
2822:countout
2567:—
2552:I watch
2507:—
2156:suplexes
2087:—
2010:fakery.
1995:—
1914:—
1557:Pehlwani
1469:TV shows
1153:Tag team
1023:Concepts
991:Puroresu
959:Hardcore
711:The Rock
636:Jim Ross
493:Stu Hart
453:El Santo
414:Ed Lewis
130:a series
128:Part of
10004:Stunner
9918:Strikes
9860:women's
9848:Related
9761:Oceania
9204:Sources
7859:May 15,
7752:YouTube
7168:. p. 99
7142:. p. 97
7129:. p. 98
7116:. p. 84
7091:. p. 85
7077:. p. 62
7000:, p. 76
6965:31 July
6877:, p. 97
6822:, p. 27
6790:May 10,
6716:, p. 61
6625:, p. 40
6538:. p. 32
6520:12 July
6126:A&E
6048:during
6034:society
6006:heroics
5995:theater
5835:during
5658:, with
5656:YouTube
5592:at the
5421:removed
5406:sources
5357:shows.
5267:Hamburg
5259:Austria
5157:Spanish
5131:Euforia
4867:Garrett
4647:R-Truth
4624:Camacho
4581:Goldust
4543:'s, or
4482:Goldust
4410:kayfabe
4339:drawing
4308:bookers
4176:Satanic
3949:Warrior
3929:CM Punk
3890:CM Punk
3862:gimmick
3851:frenemy
3701:at the
3645:, when
3634:Forfeit
3620:Calgary
3606:-style
3538:kayfabe
3517:ejected
3503:at AAA
3463:with a
3377:kayfabe
3372:manager
3246:Pinfall
3212:removed
3197:sources
3172:Victory
3050:removed
3035:sources
2958:kayfabe
2943:referee
2935:referee
2890:in 2009
2879:rules.
2803:Pinning
2541:kayfabe
2537:kayfabe
2496:kayfabe
2491:Kayfabe
2482:Kayfabe
2418:Kayfabe
2369:removed
2354:sources
2294:on the
2105:kayfabe
2077:kayfabe
2028:Midwest
1984:slang.
1977:kayfabe
1965:, with
1851:amateur
1841:Context
1689:Matches
1681:persona
1677:gimmick
1666:fiction
1634:kayfabe
1622:theater
1569:Theatre
1527:Amateur
1464:Rosters
1175:Culture
1086:Gimmick
1081:Kayfabe
1054:Blading
1028:Attire
1011:Women's
847:Bolivia
789:CM Punk
775:MĂstico
166:By year
155:History
66:Please
10052:Aerial
10009:Suplex
9964:Cutter
9941:Throws
9829:Mexico
9819:Europe
9706:Europe
9453:
9443:
9389:
9370:
9351:
9345:Hooker
9332:
9313:
9294:
9275:
9245:
9226:
9179:
9171:
9079:
9071:
9065:London
9022:
9012:
8873:
8659:
8592:
7889:May 7,
7845:
7645:
7459:May 4,
7344:Hooker
6984:. p.57
6763:Hooker
6684:Hooker
6124:) and
6020:, and
5799:All In
5762:Brazil
5760:). In
5645:London
5607:, and
5566:W.T.F.
5482:tropes
5370:E-feds
5275:Vienna
5271:Bremen
5251:France
5067:sports
4973:Alushe
4925:; and
4639:patter
4628:Hunico
4622:, and
4559:, and
4306:, the
4202:Promos
4188:stable
4172:undead
4153:worked
3892:). In
3888:, and
3604:soccer
3355:, and
3296:Tajiri
3094:kicks
2886:A WWE
2810:submit
2792:canvas
2577:, 1975
2514:Hooker
2292:airing
2084:good."
1950:, and
1923:worked
1833:, and
1815:tropes
1796:France
1780:Mexico
1731:, and
1725:stunts
1709:boxing
976:Midget
924:Styles
897:Russia
882:Mexico
872:Israel
862:France
852:Canada
366:Others
10019:Holds
9824:Japan
9451:S2CID
9177:S2CID
8733:(PDF)
8726:(PDF)
8626:[
8529:(PDF)
8522:(PDF)
8482:(PDF)
8475:(PDF)
8001:. WWE
7577:(PDF)
7570:(PDF)
6410:Notes
6168:stiff
5871:Oscar
5486:memes
5355:radio
5146:than
5108:heels
5104:faces
4979:, or
4909:with
4891:Chyna
4686:heels
4684:Many
4545:Sting
4404:debut
4371:split
4256:Sting
4231:promo
4223:Sable
4106:feuds
4070:Story
3941:Rhino
3937:Rhyno
3904:or a
3381:agent
3370:If a
3274:heels
3096:Umaga
2630:like
2620:props
2609:heels
2588:stage
2562:Oscar
2167:heels
2163:faces
1982:carny
1927:shoot
1867:India
1827:music
1784:Japan
1703:". A
1701:heels
1697:faces
1693:feuds
1630:drama
1628:with
1537:Shoot
1532:Catch
1449:Moves
1428:Lists
1258:Zubaz
1196:Films
1133:Music
1101:Shoot
1032:Masks
1003:U-Kei
877:Japan
867:India
857:China
723:2000s
621:Sting
609:1990s
10664:2025
10659:2024
10654:2023
10649:2022
10644:2021
10639:2020
10626:2019
10621:2018
10616:2017
10611:2016
10606:2015
10601:2014
10596:2013
10591:2012
10586:2011
10581:2010
10568:2009
10563:2008
10558:2007
10553:2006
10548:2005
10543:2004
10538:2003
10533:2002
10528:2001
10523:2000
10510:1999
10505:1998
10500:1997
10495:1996
10490:1995
10485:1994
10480:1993
10475:1992
10470:1991
10465:1990
10452:1989
10447:1988
10442:1987
10437:1986
10432:1985
10427:1984
10422:1983
10417:1982
10412:1981
10407:1980
10394:1979
10389:1978
10384:1977
10379:1976
10374:1975
10369:1974
10364:1973
10359:1972
10354:1971
10349:1970
10336:1969
10331:1968
10326:1967
10321:1966
10316:1965
10311:1964
10306:1963
10301:1962
10296:1961
10291:1960
10278:1959
10273:1958
10268:1957
10263:1956
10258:1955
10253:1954
10248:1953
10243:1952
10238:1951
10233:1950
10220:1949
10215:1948
10210:1947
10205:1946
10200:1945
10195:1944
10190:1943
10185:1942
10180:1941
10175:1940
10162:1939
10157:1938
10152:1937
10147:1936
10142:1935
10137:1934
10132:1933
9639:Asia
9486:2021
9441:ISBN
9419:2021
9387:ISBN
9368:ISBN
9349:ISBN
9330:ISBN
9311:ISBN
9292:ISBN
9273:ISBN
9243:ISBN
9224:ISBN
9193:2024
9169:ISSN
9131:2024
9093:2015
9077:OCLC
9069:ISSN
9038:link
9020:OCLC
9010:ISBN
8871:ISBN
8657:ISBN
8590:ISBN
8569:2009
8452:link
8264:2022
8120:link
8082:2019
8007:2024
7956:2024
7891:2022
7861:2022
7843:ISBN
7764:2021
7643:ISSN
7605:help
7461:2018
6967:2022
6792:2023
6749:See
6522:2024
6391:GLOW
6148:and
6040:and
6026:mood
5997:; a
5993:and
5785:and
5639:and
5615:and
5582:GLOW
5496:and
5484:and
5460:USS
5404:any
5402:cite
5263:Graz
5253:and
5247:U.K.
5228:and
5190:and
5129:and
5059:heat
4787:The
4777:and
4750:and
4733:and
4626:and
4604:Tara
4587:and
4573:Kane
4551:and
4474:Kane
4457:and
4455:Kane
4451:Edge
4431:Kane
4258:and
4221:and
4186:, a
4174:and
4141:heat
4132:vs.
4124:and
4112:and
4093:and
4026:turn
4007:heel
3975:and
3963:and
3955:and
3947:and
3931:and
3919:and
3709:vs.
3697:vs.
3685:vs.
3677:Draw
3527:and
3357:Tazz
3195:any
3193:cite
3127:Tara
3102:and
3033:any
3031:cite
2962:heel
2873:Heel
2770:for
2622:and
2484:and
2407:and
2352:any
2350:cite
2213:and
2099:was
2054:and
1865:and
1863:Iran
1823:film
1794:and
1640:and
1116:Push
1106:Heat
1096:Heel
1091:Face
10037:Pin
9969:DDT
9470:hdl
9433:doi
9161:doi
7635:doi
7479:WWE
6134:).
6104:'s
6102:HBO
6001:of
5882:WWE
5712:by
5660:WWE
5475:MTV
5415:by
5053:.
5001:D-X
4903:ODB
4657:'s
4535:or
4516:or
4402:AEW
4312:fan
3979:).
3939:to
3778:by
3713:at
3707:MJF
3689:at
3653:to
3618:of
3484:'s
3395:or
3206:by
3140:WWE
3044:by
2985:).
2918:'s
2916:WWE
2869:not
2701:by
2655:in
2632:WWE
2448:by
2363:by
2311:TBS
2215:Tom
1766:or
1138:Rib
1111:Job
361:WWE
70:by
10681::
9449:.
9439:.
9183:.
9175:.
9167:.
9157:31
9155:.
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9095:.
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9030:{{
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