332:, the PLP Spokesperson, was arrested by military police while on a term of the reserve military duty obligatory to all Israeli Jewish males. He was charged with having written graffiti on 117 tanks and other military vehicles, exhorting soldiers to refuse service in the Occupied Territories, and with having taken down the standing orders from a military billboard and replaced them with PLP leaflets expressing "anger and protest" at "the systematic killing of Palestinian unarmed demonstrators" and calling for "the creation of an independent Palestinian state, side-by-side with Israel". Keller admitted the acts attributed to him and actually took pride in them and declared them to be praiseworthy rather than a criminal offence. Both under interrogation and at his trial, Keller repeatedly reiterated that he had acted completely alone, without any involvement by other members of the party or of the party as such, that the PLP leaflets were left over in his bag from a meeting which he attended on the night before his call-up order, and that he had not brought them to the army with any premeditated intention of exposing soldiers to them but rather had placed them on the military billboard as a sudden reaction to radio news of especially harsh acts of oppression by soldiers on the West Bank.
373:
democracy, by letting its Arab citizens have more of a real exercise of the ballot box... In the
Israeli political system as designed under Ben Gurion and continued until 1984, Arab citizens had in practice only two electoral options: either to support one of the satellite parties set up by the ruling Mapai party and completely subservient to it, or to support the Israeli Communist Party which did do quite a bit of good things for the Arabs—but its Secretary General was invariably a Jew. Any group of Arabs which tried to set up a party which was neither government-subservient nor Communist got immediately banned, like Al Ard... Now, though the PLP is gone, its legacy remains. We have irrevocably broken the barrier. Now, just as a Jewish nationalist can form a party and get elected to the Knesset, so can an Arab nationalist. Just as a Jewish religious party can be represented in the Knesset (several of them, in fact) so can an Islamic religious party. You don't have to like all the parties which now can get into the Knesset to appreciate that a basic democratic right can now be exercised.
46:
312:
Israel could not mean any infringement of the pre-eminent position of Jews in all spheres of
Israeli life, since such infringement would mean that Israel was not a Jewish state (at least, not what Kach regarded as "a Jewish state"). Rather, Kach held that it had no objection to state officials being elected in free elections and that political parties and organizations be granted freedom of speech, as long as political and economic power was kept exclusively in the hands of Jews.
308:
discrimination against non-Jewish citizens, since such discrimination would by definition mean that Israel was not a democracy. Rather, the PLP held that since the majority of
Israeli citizens were Jews, their culture and traditions would naturally greatly influence the overall culture of the country, and the PLP had no objection to that.
335:
Keller's testimony on this was accepted, and no legal steps were taken against any other members of the PLP or against the party as a whole, though some right-wing columnists and politicians urged such steps to be taken. However, Keller's wife Beate
Zilversmidt was received with a standing ovation at
372:
When we formed the
Progressive List for Peace, we hoped to create a political force composed of Jews and Arabs together, which would become a permanent feature of the Israeli political scene. Unfortunately, this did not happen. But we did achieve something quite important: to make Israel more of a
311:
The Kach lawyers presented what they claimed was a kind of "mirror image brief", in which they asserted that Kach had no objection to the democratic character of Israel, but asserted that that character must be interpreted as subject to Israel being a Jewish State—i.e., the democratic character of
315:
The
Supreme Court broke the "symmetry" by accepting the PLP brief and rejecting that of Kach, that overturning the banning of the former and upholding that of latter. That ruling created a milestone precedent in Israeli constitutional jurisprudence by establishing that supporting equal rights for
307:
According to the brief presented by Yossi Bard, himself a prominent member of the party, the PLP did not dispute the Jewish character of Israel, but asserted that that character must be interpreted as subject to Israel being a democracy—i.e., the Jewish character of Israel could not mean any
269:
A candidates' list shall not participate in elections to the
Knesset if its objects or actions, expressly or by implication, include one of the following ... negation of the existence of the State of Israel as the state of the Jewish
304:, which overruled the ban and permitted the PLP to run in the election. However, the Supreme Court did not overturn section 7(a): it merely held that the policies of the PLP did not fall under it.
289:—creating a single state in Israel the West Bank and Gaza Strip, both Jewish and Arab—or support for granting Arabs the same rights to settle in Israel which Jews enjoy, might be included.
278:, whose members had been involved in terrorism. However, to provide what was viewed as balance, the authors also sought to outlaw left-wing parties which they viewed as threatening the
285:
Although it is unclear exactly what might constitute "negation of the State of Israel as the state of the Jewish people", conceivably positions such as support for the
1386:
457:
1391:
507:
1277:
1376:
300:
used this provision as a justification for banning the
Progressive List for Peace from running in the election. The party appealed to the
1366:
1082:
320:
does not consist of denying Israel's character as a Jewish democratic state, while opposing equality for
Israeli Arabs is a violation.
340:
during the second month of his incarceration, and the party members—even though not consulted in advance—clearly approved of his act.
1371:
1340:
364:
In a meeting held in Tel Aviv on April 22, 1994, to mark ten years since the formation of the PLP, the party's former spokesperson
265:
dealing with the
Knesset was amended to add section 7a, "Prevention of Participation of Candidates List." This provision included:
802:
450:
429:
Quoted in the brochure "Panel discussion, PLP—Ten year after", Tel Aviv, 1994 (published in Hebrew, Arabic, English and Russian)
1361:
912:
1381:
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402:
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817:
1335:
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210:
166:
1202:
443:
1012:
902:
777:
353:
349:
293:
234:
1217:
624:
356:
the electoral threshold was raised to 1.5%. The PLP won only 0.9% of the vote, losing its Knesset representation.
1267:
1197:
792:
594:
1172:
927:
922:
852:
842:
1297:
1237:
1212:
932:
787:
669:
103:
1252:
1077:
942:
782:
762:
757:
722:
1292:
1177:
1112:
1052:
772:
1282:
1037:
872:
797:
1157:
1097:
987:
684:
417:
1257:
1192:
1127:
1122:
1072:
957:
747:
649:
604:
500:
495:
301:
96:
1262:
1227:
1187:
1182:
1047:
907:
742:
732:
659:
629:
619:
571:
561:
549:
250:
1317:
1147:
1007:
1002:
952:
937:
812:
807:
752:
392:
1102:
1307:
1272:
767:
634:
512:
275:
262:
8:
1137:
992:
977:
639:
599:
171:
86:
1242:
917:
694:
654:
286:
207:
161:
120:
115:
108:
394:
Security and Defensive Democracy in Israel: A Critical Approach to Political Discourse
1162:
1152:
1132:
892:
867:
822:
566:
398:
1312:
1117:
1107:
837:
644:
609:
539:
534:
242:
45:
947:
229:
The party was formed in 1984 by a merger of the Jewish Alternativa movement, the
199:
187:
857:
679:
517:
274:
The primary motivation for this amendment was to outlaw racist parties such as
238:
58:
435:
1355:
1302:
1092:
1087:
727:
664:
529:
522:
317:
233:-based Progressive Movement, as well as other individuals. It contested the
997:
53:
1142:
827:
701:
365:
329:
246:
882:
614:
589:
485:
982:
887:
554:
337:
230:
1247:
1067:
1062:
279:
1232:
1222:
1207:
1042:
1032:
972:
967:
877:
862:
689:
674:
544:
1057:
1027:
1022:
897:
832:
706:
480:
1322:
962:
490:
218:
214:
352:
the party won only one seat, taken by Miari. Prior to the
1353:
213:. The party was formed from an alliance of both
465:
390:
1387:Political parties disestablished in the 1990s
451:
323:
384:
1278:Women's International Zionist Organization
1083:Movement for the Renewal of Social Zionism
508:National Religious Party–Religious Zionism
458:
444:
44:
1341:List of minor political parties in Israel
359:
1354:
1392:Political parties established in 1984
439:
818:Faction independent of Ahdut HaAvoda
256:
84:Alternative and Progressive Movement
1377:Defunct political parties in Israel
1336:List of political parties in Israel
738:Arab List for Bedouin and Villagers
203:
191:
13:
1203:Sephardim and Oriental Communities
14:
1403:
1367:1990s disestablishments in Israel
848:Gesher – Zionist Religious Centre
778:Democratic List for Israeli Arabs
1372:Arab political parties in Israel
1018:Man's Rights in the Family Party
253:party first won a Knesset seat.
1268:Unity for Peace and Immigration
350:November 1988 Knesset elections
196:HaReshima HaMitkademet LeShalom
793:Democratic Movement for Change
423:
411:
336:the PLP's conference, held in
237:, winning two seats, taken by
1:
1362:1984 establishments in Israel
1288:Ya'ad – Civil Rights Movement
1173:Progressive National Alliance
928:Independent Socialist Faction
903:Herut – The National Movement
377:
292:On 17 June 1988 prior to the
18:Political party in Israel
1382:Left-wing politics in Israel
933:Israeli Communist Opposition
7:
1253:Union of Right-Wing Parties
1078:Movement for Greater Israel
783:Democratic List of Nazareth
763:Cooperation and Development
758:Cooperation and Brotherhood
723:Agriculture and Development
467:Political parties in Israel
298:Central Elections Committee
10:
1408:
1168:Progressive List for Peace
418:Progressive List for Peace
343:
224:
184:Progressive List for Peace
26:Progressive List for Peace
1331:
715:
580:
473:
397:. Routledge. p. 10.
324:Adam Keller court martial
211:political party in Israel
157:
150:
149:
144:
134:
126:
114:
102:
92:
80:
72:
64:
52:
43:
34:
29:
23:
1158:Progress and Development
1098:National Religious Party
391:Sharon Weinblum (2015).
282:of the state of Israel.
245:, in the same year that
1193:Religious Zionist Party
958:Justice for the Elderly
943:Jewish–Arab Brotherhood
650:Israel Democratic Party
501:Israel Resilience Party
204:القائمة التقدمية للسلام
116:Political position
35:القائمة التقدمية للسلام
1263:United Religious Front
630:Free Democratic Israel
375:
360:Historical perspective
235:1984 Knesset elections
1318:Yisrael HaMithadeshet
1148:Poalei Agudat Yisrael
953:Jewish National Front
938:Israeli Druze Faction
813:Eretz Yisrael Shelanu
803:Development and Peace
595:Arab Democratic Party
370:
221:left-wing activists.
1308:Yemenite Association
923:Independent Liberals
513:United Torah Judaism
192:הרשימה המתקדמת לשלום
30:הרשימה המתקדמת לשלום
993:Left Camp of Israel
788:Democratic Movement
620:Da'am Workers Party
600:Arab National Party
87:Left Camp of Israel
918:Independent Centre
655:New Economic Party
287:one-state solution
162:Politics of Israel
109:Two-state solution
1349:
1348:
1178:Progressive Party
1163:Progress and Work
1153:Popular Arab Bloc
1113:New Liberal Party
1103:Natural Law Party
893:Hebrew Communists
868:Hapoel HaMizrachi
773:Democratic Choice
404:978-1-317-58450-6
257:Attempted banning
180:
179:
167:Political parties
1399:
1313:Yisrael BaAliyah
1258:United Arab List
1108:New Aliyah Party
838:General Zionists
798:Democratic Union
645:Ihud Bnei HaBrit
610:Bible Bloc Party
540:United Arab List
535:Yisrael Beiteinu
460:
453:
446:
437:
436:
430:
427:
421:
415:
409:
408:
388:
280:Jewish character
243:Mattityahu Peled
205:
193:
152:
137:
93:Merged into
48:
36:
31:
21:
20:
1407:
1406:
1402:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1397:
1396:
1352:
1351:
1350:
1345:
1327:
948:The Jewish Home
711:
582:
576:
469:
464:
434:
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428:
424:
420:Knesset website
416:
412:
405:
389:
385:
380:
362:
346:
328:In April 1988,
326:
259:
227:
176:
145:Election symbol
135:
85:
39:
38:
33:
27:
19:
12:
11:
5:
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1218:Social Justice
1215:
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865:
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858:Geulat Yisrael
855:
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835:
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823:Fighters' List
820:
815:
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800:
795:
790:
785:
780:
775:
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748:Black Panthers
745:
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518:Agudat Yisrael
510:
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496:National Unity
493:
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477:
475:
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463:
462:
455:
448:
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410:
403:
382:
381:
379:
376:
361:
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354:1992 elections
345:
342:
325:
322:
294:1988 elections
258:
255:
239:Mohammed Miari
226:
223:
178:
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132:
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106:
100:
99:
94:
90:
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81:Merger of
78:
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66:
62:
61:
59:Mohammed Miari
56:
50:
49:
41:
40:
28:
25:
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17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1404:
1393:
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1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
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1309:
1306:
1304:
1303:Yamin Yisrael
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1283:Women's Party
1281:
1279:
1276:
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1269:
1266:
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1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1198:The Right Way
1196:
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1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
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1111:
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1093:National List
1091:
1089:
1088:National Home
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
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1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1008:Liberal Party
1006:
1004:
1001:
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994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
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884:
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876:
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869:
866:
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861:
859:
856:
854:
853:Gesher (2019)
851:
849:
846:
844:
843:Gesher (1996)
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
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799:
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769:
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756:
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751:
749:
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741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
728:Ahdut HaAvoda
726:
724:
721:
720:
718:
714:
708:
705:
703:
700:
696:
693:
692:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
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673:
671:
668:
666:
665:Secular Right
663:
661:
658:
656:
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651:
648:
646:
643:
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638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
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596:
593:
591:
588:
587:
585:
583:parliamentary
579:
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563:
560:
556:
553:
551:
548:
547:
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543:
541:
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531:
530:Otzma Yehudit
528:
524:
523:Degel HaTorah
521:
519:
516:
515:
514:
511:
509:
506:
502:
499:
498:
497:
494:
492:
489:
487:
484:
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479:
478:
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474:Parliamentary
472:
468:
461:
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387:
383:
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369:
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355:
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341:
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333:
331:
321:
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318:Israeli Arabs
313:
309:
305:
303:
302:Supreme Court
299:
295:
290:
288:
283:
281:
277:
272:
271:
266:
264:
261:In 1985, the
254:
252:
248:
247:Meir Kahane’s
244:
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236:
232:
222:
220:
216:
212:
209:
201:
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173:
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143:
140:1 (1988–1992)
139:
133:
130:2 (1984–1988)
129:
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122:
119:
117:
113:
110:
107:
105:
101:
98:
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88:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
60:
57:
55:
51:
47:
42:
22:
16:
1167:
998:Left Faction
913:Independence
753:Center Party
660:Pirate Party
625:Derekh Eretz
425:
413:
393:
386:
371:
363:
347:
334:
327:
314:
310:
306:
291:
284:
273:
268:
267:
260:
228:
195:
183:
181:
15:
1273:Unity Party
1143:Oz LaAniyim
828:Free Centre
702:Yerushalmim
680:U'Bizchutan
635:Green Party
366:Adam Keller
330:Adam Keller
1356:Categories
1213:Shlomtzion
1138:One Nation
1133:One Israel
640:The Greens
378:References
249:far-right
136:Fewest MKs
1243:Third Way
883:HaTzeirim
695:New Right
615:Brit Olam
590:Ale Yarok
562:Democrats
486:Yesh Atid
263:Basic Law
208:left-wing
172:Elections
121:Left-wing
73:Dissolved
1053:Mizrachi
888:Hatzohar
567:New Hope
368:stated:
338:Nazareth
231:Nazareth
206:) was a
127:Most MKs
104:Ideology
1248:Tzalash
1118:New Way
1068:Morasha
1063:Moledet
1038:Mekhora
873:Hatikva
716:Defunct
348:In the
344:Decline
270:people.
225:History
153:
65:Founded
37:
32:
1233:Tehiya
1223:Tafnit
1208:Shinui
1043:Meretz
1033:Meimad
988:Leader
973:Kulanu
968:Kadima
878:Hatnua
863:HaOlim
690:Yamina
685:Yachad
675:Tzomet
581:Extra-
545:Hadash
401:
296:, the
219:Jewish
200:Arabic
188:Hebrew
54:Leader
1298:Yahad
1293:Ya'ad
1238:Telem
1128:Ometz
1073:Moria
1058:Moked
1028:Mapam
1023:Mapai
983:La'am
978:Labor
898:Herut
833:Gahal
707:Zehut
670:Telem
605:Balad
555:Ta'al
481:Likud
97:Balad
76:1990s
1323:Yiud
1228:Tami
1188:Ratz
1183:Rafi
1048:Meri
1013:Maki
963:Kach
908:Hetz
743:Atid
733:Ahva
572:Noam
550:Maki
491:Shas
399:ISBN
276:Kach
251:Kach
241:and
217:and
215:Arab
182:The
68:1984
1123:Noy
1003:Lev
808:Dor
1358::
768:Da
202::
198:,
194:,
190::
459:e
452:t
445:v
407:.
186:(
151:פ
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