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penalty for illegal drug possession and sale can vary from a small fine to a prison sentence. In some states, marijuana possession is considered to be a petty offense, with the penalty being comparable to that of a speeding violation. In some municipalities, possessing a small quantity of marijuana in one's own home is not punishable at all. Generally, however, drug possession is an arrestable offense, although first-time offenders rarely serve jail time. Federal law makes even possession of "soft drugs", such as cannabis, illegal, though some local governments have laws contradicting federal laws.
1287:
540:
2025:
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587:. The reason cited was "many women and young girls, as well as young men of a respectable family, were being induced to visit the Chinese opium-smoking dens, where they were ruined morally and otherwise." This was followed by other laws throughout the country, and federal laws that barred Chinese people from trafficking in opium. Though the laws affected the use and distribution of opium by Chinese immigrants, no action was taken against the producers of such products as
1034:
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2037:
2005:
at entry ports until required documents were received, reviewed and approved.Shipments were subject to searches, seizures and forfeitures if any provisions of the law were not met. Violations would result in fines of no more than $ 2000 or potential imprisonment for up to 5 years. Oftentimes, this created opportunity for corruption, stolen imports that would later lead to smuggling, oftentimes by state officials and tight knit elitists.
322:
1042:
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4959:
4949:
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635:
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768:
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276:. In this case, as in many others, it is not a substance that is prohibited, but the conditions under which it is possessed or consumed. Those conditions include matters of intent, which makes the enforcement of laws difficult. In Colorado possession of "blenders, bowls, containers, spoons, and mixing devices" is illegal if there was
723:, and to advise whether the trade should be banned and opium consumption itself banned in India. After an extended inquiry, the Royal Commission rejected the claims made by the anti-opium campaigners regarding the supposed societal harm caused by the trade and the issue was finalized for another 15 years.
2087:
harmonizing the minimum penal provisions for illicit drug-related activities. In particular, article 2(9) stipulates that activities may be exempt from the minimum provisions "when it is committed by its perpetrators exclusively for their own personal consumption as defined by national law." This was
2004:
The Tax act provisions required importers to register and pay an annual tax of $ 24 and receive an official stamp. Stamps for
Products were then affixed to each original order form and recorded by the state revenue collector. Then, a customs collector was to maintain the custody of imported marijuana
575:
After the legislation passed, the death rate caused by opium immediately fell from 6.4 per million population in 1868 to 4.5 in 1869. Deaths among children under five dropped from 20.5 per million population between 1863 and 1867 to 12.7 per million in 1871 and further declined to between 6 and 7 per
2149:
A Nielsen poll in 2012 found that only 27% of voters favoured decriminalisation. Australia has steep penalties for growing and using drugs even for personal use. with
Western Australia having the toughest laws. There is an associated anti-drug culture amongst a significant number of Australians. Law
2136:
The administrative bodies responsible for enforcing the drug policies include the
Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport, the Ministry of Justice, the Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations, and the Ministry of Finance. Local authorities also shape local policy, within the national framework.
822:
on
January 23, 1922. The Convention provided that "The contracting Powers shall use their best endeavors to control or to cause to be controlled, all person manufacturing, importing, selling, distributing, and exporting morphine, cocaine, and their respective salts, as well as the buildings in which
2000:
When it comes to social control with cannabis, there are different aspects to consider. Not only do we assess legislative leaders and the way they vote on cannabis, but we also must consider the federal regulations and taxation that contribute to social controls. For instance, according to a report
1140:
policy to gain widespread publicity and was subsequently adopted in most United States jurisdictions. This policy mandates life imprisonment for a third criminal conviction of any felony offense. A similar 'three strikes' policy was introduced to the United
Kingdom by the Conservative government in
1002:
The prohibition of alcohol commenced in
Finland in 1919 and in the United States in 1920. Because alcohol was the most popular recreational drug in these countries, reactions to its prohibition were far more negative than to the prohibition of other drugs, which were commonly associated with ethnic
979:
The
American judicial system did not initially accept drug prohibition. Prosecutors argued that possessing drugs was a tax violation, as no legal licenses to sell drugs were in existence; hence, a person possessing drugs must have purchased them from an unlicensed source. After some wrangling, this
2140:
When compared to other countries, Dutch drug consumption falls in the
European average at six per cent regular use (twenty-one per cent at some point in life) and considerably lower than the Anglo-Saxon countries headed by the United States with an eight per cent recurring use (thirty-four at some
1887:
that cover controlled substances are complicated. For example, a first-time offender convicted in a single proceeding for selling marijuana three times, and found to have carried a gun on him all three times (even if it were not used) is subject to a minimum sentence of 55 years in federal prison.
1666:
In countries where alcohol and tobacco are legal, certain measures are frequently undertaken to discourage use of these drugs. For example, packages of alcohol and tobacco sometimes communicate warnings directed towards the consumer, communicating the potential risks of partaking in the use of the
94:. Many governments do not criminalize the possession of a limited quantity of certain drugs for personal use, while still prohibiting their sale or manufacture, or possession in large quantities. Some laws (or judicial practice) set a specific volume of a particular drug, above which is considered
1361:
called for the decriminalization of drugs particularly including injected ones. This conclusion put WHO at odds with broader long-standing UN policy favoring criminalization. Eight states of the United States (Alaska, California, Colorado, Maine, Massachusetts, Nevada, Oregon, and
Washington), as
2044:
Drug possession is the crime of having one or more illegal drugs in one's possession, either for personal use, distribution, sale or otherwise. Illegal drugs fall into different categories and sentences vary depending on the amount, type of drug, circumstances, and jurisdiction. In the U.S., the
1907:
The role of drugs in the exercise of political control is also coming under increasing discussion. Control can be through prohibition or supply. The total or even partial prohibition of drugs gives the government considerable leverage for other types of control. An example would be the selective
924:
government nearly eradicated both consumption and production of opium during the 1950s using social control and isolation. Ten million addicts were forced into compulsory treatment, dealers were executed, and opium-producing regions were planted with new crops. Remaining opium production shifted
2056:
problem. In 1996, 59.6% of prisoners were drug-related criminals. The U.S. population grew by about +25% from 1980 to 2000. In that same 20 year time period, the U.S. prison population tripled, making the U.S. the world leader in both percentage and absolute number of citizens incarcerated. The
603:
as it was based on the form in which it was ingested: Chinese immigrants tended to smoke it, while it was often included in various kinds of generally liquid medicines often (but not exclusively) used by
Americans of European descent. The laws targeted opium smoking, but not other methods of
76:
An area has a prohibition of drugs when its government uses the force of law to punish the use or possession of drugs which have been classified as illegal. A government may simultaneously have systems in place to regulate both illegal and legal drugs. Regulation controls the manufacture,
46:
564:, established in 1863, unsuccessfully attempted to assert control over drug distribution. The Act set controls on the distribution of poisons and drugs. Poisons could only be sold if the purchaser was known to the seller or to an intermediary known to both, and drugs, including
2117:
that sell cannabis to people 18 or above are tolerated, and pay taxes like any other business for their cannabis and hashish sales, although distribution is a grey area that the authorities would rather not go into as it is not decriminalised. Many "coffee shops" are found in
5041:
5021:
1196:
Use or possession of small amounts for personal use do not lead to incarceration. The case is not treated in an ordinary court, but by a commission that may recommend treatment or sanctions including fines. (In that sense, Portugal both legalized and supported drug
1420:
The following individual drugs, listed under their respective family groups (e.g., barbiturates, benzodiazepines, opiates), are the most frequently sought after by drug users and as such are prohibited or otherwise heavily regulated for use in many countries:
2112:
In the Netherlands, cannabis and other "soft" drugs are decriminalised in small quantities. The Dutch government treats the problem as more of a public health issue than a criminal issue. Contrary to popular belief, cannabis is still technically illegal.
308:
has occurred since ancient times. Concurrently, authorities have often restricted drug possession and trade for a variety of political and religious reasons. In the 20th century, the United States led a major renewed surge in drug prohibition called the
1241:
According to some critics, drug prohibition is responsible for enriching "organised criminal networks" while the hypothesis that the prohibition of drugs generates violence is consistent with research done over long time-series and cross-country facts.
515:. Between 1821 and 1837, imports of the drug increased fivefold. The wealth drain and widespread social problems that resulted from this consumption prompted the Chinese government to attempt to end the trade. This effort was initially successful, with
3043:
Although the Royal Commission killed opium suppression as an active political issue for the next fifteen years, the anti-opium crusaders continued their campaign, denouncing the commission as a whitewash and attempting to counter it with data of their
1362:
well as the District of Columbia, have legalized the sale of marijuana for personal recreational use as of 2017, although recreational use remains illegal under U.S. federal law. The conflict between state and federal law is, as of 2018, unresolved.
878:—led the government to pass further unprecedented laws, banning and criminalising the possession and dispensation of all narcotics, including opium and cocaine. After the war, this legislation was maintained and strengthened with the passing of the
1192:
Use or possession of small amounts for personal use do not lead to incarceration if it is the only crime, but it is still illegal; the court or the prosecutor can impose a fine. (In that sense, Sweden both legalized and supported drug prohibition
1281:
argue that the Government is administering the Act arbitrarily, contrary to its purpose, contrary to the original wishes of Parliament and therefore illegally. They are currently assisting and supporting several legal challenges to this alleged
1014:
in 1922 decided against an alcohol prohibition law (with 51% of the votes against and 49% for prohibition), but starting in 1914 (nationwide from 1917) and until 1955 Sweden employed an alcohol rationing system with personal liquor ration books
2205:
pills. She pleaded guilty to possession and in November 2005 was sentenced to 3 months imprisonment, which she was deemed to have already served, and was released from prison immediately upon her admission of guilt on the charge of possession.
1673:
associated with the purchase thereof, in order to recoup the losses associated with public funding for the health problems the use causes in long-term users. Restrictions on advertising also exist in many countries, and often a state holds a
8156:
1078:
572:, had to be sold in containers with the seller's name and address. Despite the reservation of opium to professional control, general sales did continue to a limited extent, with mixtures with less than 1 percent opium being unregulated.
1618:
of India. Although alcohol prohibition was eventually repealed in the countries that enacted it, there are, for example, still parts of the United States that do not allow alcohol sales, though alcohol possession may be legal (see
1177:
The terms relegalization, legalization, legal regulations, or decriminalization are used with very different meanings by different authors, something that can be confusing when the claims are not specified. Here are some variants:
2001:
on the U.S. customs and border protections, the American industry, although banned the main usage of marijuana, was still using products similar such as hemp seeds, oils etc. leading to the previously discussed marijuana tax act.
3084:
85:
is a crime unless a patient has a physician's prescription for the drug; having a prescription authorizes a pharmacy to sell and a patient to use a drug that would otherwise be prohibited. Although prohibition mostly concerns
1064:
use became a consistent feature of United States policy during both Republican and Democratic administrations, to such an extent that US support for foreign governments has often been contingent on their adherence to US
619:, though it soon became a general vehicle for depriving them of basic rights by administrative regulation. Opium sale was prohibited to the general population in 1905, and smoking and possession were prohibited in 1908.
5038:
5018:
4937:
1920:
Very commonly substances are criminalized because they're associated with what's called the dangerous classes, poor people, or working people. So for example in England in the 19th century, there was a period when
933:, with 20 percent of soldiers regarding themselves as addicted during the peak of the epidemic in 1971. In 2003, China was estimated to have four million regular drug users and one million registered drug addicts.
291:
is a dental anesthetic, also used to prepare whipped cream, fuel rocket engines, and enhance the performance of race cars. Ethanol, or drinking alcohol, is also used as a fuel, industrial solvent and disinfectant.
1081:
in 1988. A few developing countries where consumption of the prohibited substances has enjoyed longstanding cultural support, long resisted such outside pressure to pass legislation adhering to these conventions.
607:
Britain passed the All-India Opium Act of 1878, which limited recreational opium sales to registered Indian opium-eaters and Chinese opium-smokers and prohibiting its sale to emigrant workers from British Burma.
4130:"Consolidated text: Council Framework Decision 2004/757/JHA of 25 october 2004 laying down minimum provisions on the constituent elements of criminal acts and penalties in the field of illicit drug trafficking"
4919:
463:
A number of Asian rulers had similarly enacted early prohibitions, many of which were later forcefully overturned by Western colonial powers during the 18th and 19th centuries. In 1360, for example, King
2465:
2064:
are incarcerated in state jails. In 2016, about 572,000, over 44%, of the 1.3 million people in these state jails, were serving time for drug offenses. 728,000 were incarcerated for violent offenses.
1318:
and the US. Honduras, with a population of 7 million, suffers an average of 8–10 murders a day, with an estimated 70% being a result of this international drug trade. The same problem is occurring in
866:
quickly banned the sale of all psychoactive drugs to troops, unless required for medical reasons. However, shifts in the public attitude towards drugs—they were beginning to be associated with
734:. This was the first anti-drug campaign to be based on scientific principles, and it had a tremendous impact on the state of educated opinion in the West. In England, the home director of the
612:
4671:
Room, Robin; Cisneros Örnberg, Jenny (December 2019). "Government monopoly as an instrument for public health and welfare: Lessons for cannabis from experience with alcohol monopolies".
4255:
622:
Despite these laws, the late 19th century saw an increase in opiate consumption. This was due to the prescribing and dispensing of legal opiates by physicians and pharmacists to relieve
403:, should remain exempt ". In the 14th century, the Islamic scholar Az-Zarkashi spoke of "the permissibility of its use for medical purposes if it is established that it is beneficial".
758:
appealed to the London Missionary Conference of 1888 and the Edinburgh Missionary Conference of 1910 to condemn the continuation of the trade. As Broomhall lay dying, an article from
444:, but this ruling was overturned soon after he died in 1640. The introduction of coffee in Europe from Muslim Turkey prompted calls for it to be banned as the devil's work, although
1966:
In certain countries, there is concern that campaigns against drugs and organized crime are a cover for corrupt officials tied to drug trafficking themselves. In the United States,
4980:
2287:. Some proponents argue that drug prohibition's effect on suppressing usage rates (although the magnitude of this effect is unknown) outweighs the negative effects of prohibition.
1003:
minorities, prostitution, and vice. Public pressure led to the repeal of alcohol prohibition in Finland in 1932, and in the United States in 1933. Residents of many provinces of
917:
opium users and fear of a spread of the drug into the white population led to the effective criminalization of opium for nonmedical use in Canada between 1908 and the mid-1920s.
3572:
3379:
1691:
1272:, 24 March 2007, said the act is "not fit for purpose" and "the exclusion of alcohol and tobacco from the Misuse of Drugs Act is, from a scientific perspective, arbitrary"
261:. In most cultures, caffeine in the form of coffee or tea is unregulated. Over 2.25 billion cups of coffee are consumed in the world every day. Some religions, including
2185:, a crime that carried a maximum penalty of death. Her trial reached the verdict of guilty with a punishment of 20 years imprisonment. Corby claimed to be an unwitting
1141:
1997. This legislation enacted a mandatory minimum sentence of seven years for those convicted for a third time of a drug trafficking offense involving a class A drug.
1060:
movement, government efforts to enforce prohibition were strengthened in many countries from the 1960s onward. Support at an international level for the prohibition of
4333:
2209:
At the 1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, Indonesia, along with India, Turkey, Pakistan and some South American countries opposed the criminalisation of drugs.
3615:, July 17, 2014. With link to "Consolidated guidelines on HIV prevention, diagnosis, treatment and care for key populations", WHO, July 2014. Retrieved July 20, 2014.
8176:
2528:
750:. In 1888, Broomhall formed and became secretary of the Christian Union for the Severance of the British Empire with the Opium Traffic and editor of its periodical,
684:
in China for its abolition. The first such society was established at the 1890 Shanghai Missionary Conference, where British and American representatives, including
1730:
968:, the court upheld that it was a violation of the Harrison Act even if a physician provided prescription of a narcotic for an addict, and thus subject to criminal
4359:
1939:
1986:, one death squad hitman told author Niko Vorobyov that he was being paid by military officers to eliminate those drug dealers who failed to pay a 'tax'. Under
7744:
5123:
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1748:
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156:
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2197:. Two of the nine, Andrew Chan and Myuran Sukumaran, were executed April 29, 2015 along with six other foreign nationals. In August 2005, Australian model
626:
pain. It is estimated that between 150,000 and 200,000 opiate addicts lived in the United States at the time, and a majority of these addicts were women.
560:
in the United Kingdom. There had been previous moves to establish the medical and pharmaceutical professions as separate, self-regulating bodies, but the
9134:
3173:
2679:
8912:
8426:
730:'s conclusions and set up the Anti-Opium League in China; the league gathered data from every Western-trained medical doctor in China and published
8171:
5790:
5007:
1221:
who believe prohibition to be a method of suppression of the working class by the ruling class. Prohibition of drugs is supported by proponents of
1310:, called on the world to legalize drugs, in order, he said, to prevent the majority of violent murders occurring in Honduras. Honduras is used by
8166:
3411:
Dills, Angela K.; Miron, Jeffrey A.; Summers, Garrett (2010). "What Do Economists Know about Crime?". In Di Tella; Edwards; Schargrodsky (eds.).
1908:
application of drug laws ... against selected components of the population such as members of certain minority groups or political organizations.
791:
In 1906, a motion to 'declare the opium trade "morally indefensible" and remove Government support for it', initially unsuccessfully proposed by
262:
144:
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9139:
8917:
7724:
5236:
5161:
4259:
2785:
666:
4181:
2252:
In 2020, the direct cost of drug prohibition to United States taxpayers was estimated at over $ 40 billion annually. Prohibition can increase
8737:
5151:
4155:
3399:
1958:
has been to create a temporary class drug order which bans the manufacture, import, and supply (but not the possession) of named substances.
764:
was read to him with the welcome news that an international agreement had been signed ensuring the end of the opium trade within two years.
456:, from the 1730s, presents a vigorous debate between a girl and her father over her desire to consume coffee. The early association between
8697:
268:
A government's interest to control a drug may be based on its negative effects on its users, or it may simply have a revenue interest. The
8857:
1491:
1610:
The regulation of the above drugs varies in many countries. Alcohol possession and consumption by adults is today widely banned only in
8452:
5116:
2815:
2316:
2247:
1254:
1150:
448:
sanctioned its use in 1600, declaring that it was "so delicious that it would be a pity to let the infidels have exclusive use of it".
108:
90:(which affect mental processes such as perception, cognition, and mood), prohibition can also apply to non-psychoactive drugs, such as
1790:
1160:
5096:
4974:
4412:
1781:
944:
and cocaine to get a license. While originally intended to regulate the trade, it soon became a prohibitive law, eventually becoming
4282:
9164:
8343:
5875:
5132:
5013:
4561:
Johnson, Kimberly; Pinchuk, Irina; Melgar, Marie Isabel E.; Agwogie, Martin Osayande; Salazar Silva, Fernando (December 31, 2022).
4386:
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2174:
9152:
8822:
8353:
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5703:
5087:
1840:
796:
4308:
3254:
1916:
argues that drug laws are currently, and have historically been, used by the state to oppress sections of society it opposes:
8832:
8151:
7694:
5109:
4858:
4723:
4614:"Impact evaluations of drug decriminalisation and legal regulation on drug use, health and social harms: a systematic review"
3817:
3584:
3428:
3036:
3008:
2987:
2966:
2913:
2714:
2662:
2540:
2435:
1074:
492:, the restrictions on opium were abolished and the colonial government established monopolies selling Indian-produced opium.
4337:
3679:
2154:. In 2012, crime statistics in Victoria revealed that police were increasingly arresting users rather than dealers, and the
2088:
made, in particular, to accommodate more liberal national systems such as the Dutch coffee shops (see below) or the Spanish
8431:
7346:
5718:
5146:
3945:
17:
4612:
Scheim, Ayden I.; Maghsoudi, Nazlee; Marshall, Zack; Churchill, Siobhan; Ziegler, Carolyn; Werb, Dan (September 1, 2020).
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124:
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1872:
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made a plea to the United States and Europe to start a global debate about legalizing drugs. This call was echoed by the
1262:, which said that the present system of drug classification is based on historical assumptions, not scientific assessment
1070:
1011:
140:
1954:
within a month. An estimated 73 new psychoactive synthetic drugs appeared on the UK market in 2012. The response of the
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5231:
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953:
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that any prescription for a narcotic given by a physician or pharmacist – even in the course of medical treatment for
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5091:
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4797:
4782:
4767:
4752:
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657:, smuggled opium into China in order to balance high trade deficits. Chinese attempts to outlaw the trade led to the
5074:
4944:
Learning from history: a review of David Bewley-Taylor's The United States and International Drug Control, 1909–1997
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2019:
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704:
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136:
4413:""The Great Pot Experiment": A Budding Industry: Wouldn't It Be Better If It Was a Legal Billion-Dollar Industry?"
4129:
3844:
2655:
Cannabis in Medical Practice: A Legal, Historical and Pharmacological Overview of the Therapeutic Use of Marijuana
523:
in June 1839. However, the opium traders lobbied the British government to declare war on China, resulting in the
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9025:
8927:
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8421:
8328:
7689:
4048:
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3400:
New Statesman Banning Khat is one of the most dangerous decisions made during the 'war on drugs' 9 September 2013
2568:
Ponte, Stefano (2002). "The 'Latte Revolution'? Regulation, Markets and Consumption in the Global Coffee Chain".
2338:
1947:
1942:
reported that there are 280 new legal drugs, known as "legal highs", available in Europe. One of the best known,
1825:
599:
by white Americans. The distinction between its use by white Americans and Chinese immigrants was thus a form of
460:
and seditious political activities in England led to the banning of such establishments in the mid-17th century.
176:
50:
31:
2071:
online statistics page states that 45.9% of prisoners were incarcerated for drug offenses, as of December 2021.
854:, gave the government wide-ranging powers to requisition the property and to criminalize specific activities. A
406:
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of VPRO Dutch television. After short introduction in Dutch (1 min), English spoken. Broadband internet needed.
5035:
of VPRO Dutch television. After short introduction in Dutch (1 min), English spoken. Broadband internet needed.
4035:
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2101:
1230:
1189:
Sales of an extracts with a specific substance become legal sold in a certain way, for example on prescription.
807:
803:
784:
180:
3977:"Did You Know... Marijuana Was Once a Legal Cross-Border Import? | U.S. Customs and Border Protection Preview"
3472:, Fifth Report of Session 2005–06, House of Commons Science and Technology Committee, accessed 29 January 2009
3177:
1365:
Since Uruguay in 2014 and Canada in 2018 legalized cannabis, the debate has known a new turn internationally.
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2080:
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1346:, who announced his desire to legalize drugs, saying "What I have done is put the issue back on the table."
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region. The remnant opium trade primarily served Southeast Asia, but spread to American soldiers during the
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2400:
1987:
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Self-administration behavior is maintained by the psychoactive ingredient of marijuana in squirrel monkeys
1172:
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9003:
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1967:
1057:
269:
3694:
742:, was an active opponent of the opium trade, writing two books to promote the banning of opium smoking:
476:), prohibited opium consumption and trade. The prohibition lasted nearly 500 years until 1851 when King
352:, dates back to the early seventh century. Although Islamic law is often interpreted as prohibiting all
265:, prohibit coffee. They believe that it is both physically and spiritually unhealthy to consume coffee.
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8772:
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on January 23, 1912, during the First International Opium Conference. This was the first international
258:
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and cater mainly to the large tourist trade; the local consumption rate is far lower than in the US.
834:, and all signatory nations agreed to prohibit the import, sale, distribution, export, and use of all
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4745:
Why Our Drug Laws Have Failed and What We Can Do About It: A Judicial Indictment of the War on Drugs
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226:. Almost without exception, these substances also have a medical use, in which case they are called
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3958:
2264:
via the trade in illegal drugs, while racial and gender disparities in enforcement are evident.
1007:
also experienced alcohol prohibition for similar periods in the first half of the 20th century.
976:
in 1937. Soon, however, licensing bodies did not issue licenses, effectively banning the drugs.
8497:
7933:
7928:
7664:
7465:
7269:
7198:
6697:
6662:
6466:
6456:
6077:
5952:
5622:
2577:
2295:
1206:
1079:
United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances
949:
719:
in 1893. The commission was tasked with ascertaining the impact of Indian opium exports to the
716:
642:
616:
152:
7825:
5058:
2275:
concluded that the "harms of prohibition far outweigh the benefits", citing increased risk of
8378:
8333:
8293:
7749:
6991:
6827:
6713:
6451:
6214:
5775:
5277:
5176:
4504:"How the war on drugs impacts social determinants of health beyond the criminal legal system"
2363:
2257:
1615:
1512:
1400:
1122:
1004:
755:
489:
148:
70:
38:
5063:
9208:
9106:
8998:
8411:
8368:
8308:
8236:
8209:
7729:
7704:
7674:
7669:
7495:
7296:
6544:
6461:
6446:
6340:
5216:
5101:
4954:
4499:
3490:(2007). "Development of a rational scale to assess the harm of drugs of potential misuse".
2405:
2229:
2114:
2089:
1681:
1137:
827:
815:
735:
78:
2772:
1396:
1343:
8:
9076:
9013:
8581:
8517:
8251:
7953:
7875:
7322:
7306:
7252:
7136:
6634:
6008:
5896:
5841:
5770:
5678:
5307:
5008:
EMCDDA – Decriminalisation in Europe? Recent developments in legal approaches to drug use
3532:
2328:
2299:
2241:
2053:
1994:
1202:
1156:
1118:
981:
859:
700:, agreed to establish the Permanent Committee for the Promotion of Anti-Opium Societies.
681:
337:
227:
7772:
4390:
3781:
3318:
1245:
In the United Kingdom, where the principal piece of drug prohibition legislation is the
858:
was whipped up by the press in 1916 over the alleged sale of drugs to the troops of the
372:
in the 11th and 12th centuries resulting among other things in the burning of fields of
9020:
8607:
8226:
8082:
8037:
8017:
7976:
7094:
6962:
6914:
6764:
6559:
6539:
6504:
6494:
6112:
6093:
6023:
5932:
5607:
5206:
4696:
4648:
4613:
4589:
4562:
4538:
4503:
4475:
4440:
3515:
3434:
3208:
2754:
2510:
2322:
2261:
2084:
1951:
1884:
1739:
1663:, is proposed as a treatment of opioid withdrawal and various substance use disorders.
1335:
1126:
1110:
739:
708:
689:
654:
596:
544:
508:
400:
380:
207:
199:
4457:
3625:
Alper, K. R.; Lotsof, H. S.; Kaplan, C. D. (2008). "The ibogaine medical subculture".
3503:
2631:
2591:
2353:
1286:
238:
to save or extend life or to alleviate suffering is uncontroversial in most cultures.
9091:
9071:
8662:
8467:
8338:
8199:
7996:
7963:
7938:
7450:
7183:
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6053:
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4700:
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4635:
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4543:
4525:
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4125:
4031:
3813:
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3438:
3424:
3270:
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3032:
3004:
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2909:
2902:
2758:
2710:
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2536:
2514:
2502:
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2291:
1896:
1652:
1591:
1133:
1114:
1061:
985:
973:
914:
883:
831:
792:
685:
662:
557:
549:
528:
469:
445:
384:
283:
Many drugs, beyond their pharmaceutical and recreational uses, have industrial uses.
246:
refers to the use of substances primarily for their psychoactive effect outside of a
218:
in tobacco products; botanical extracts morphine and heroin, and synthetic compounds
164:
87:
3660:
2861:
9008:
8591:
8507:
8288:
8231:
8219:
7918:
7797:
7739:
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7557:
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7404:
7342:
7239:
6620:
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6264:
6159:
5693:
5582:
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5527:
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5412:
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5262:
4846:
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4643:
4625:
4584:
4574:
4533:
4515:
4470:
4452:
3634:
3519:
3499:
3416:
3200:
3174:"Jailed for Possession: Illegal Drug Use, Regulation, and Power in Canada, 1920–61"
3099:
2746:
2587:
2492:
2358:
2333:
2267:
Although drug prohibition is often portrayed by proponents as a measure to improve
1900:
1799:
1543:
1106:
650:
539:
504:
396:
361:
104:
91:
4579:
4520:
3785:(short title), U.S. Food and Drug Administration website, accessed 6 February 2009
3673:
30:"Drug law" and "drug laws" redirect here. For other laws pertaining to drugs, see
9096:
9045:
8983:
8482:
8457:
8303:
8087:
8001:
7923:
7913:
7684:
7679:
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5927:
5780:
5627:
5487:
5422:
5317:
5282:
5221:
5166:
5078:
5045:
5025:
5002:
4981:
Laws and the Construction of Drug- and Gender-Related Violence in Central America
4950:
Shifting the main purposes of drug control: from suppression to regulation of use
4838:
4826:
4803:
4718:
Outsiders: Studies in the Sociology of Deviance, New York: The Free Press, 1963,
4684:
4563:"The global movement towards a public health approach to substance use disorders"
3756:
3735:
3683:
3487:
3383:
3103:
3057:
3022:
2937:
2750:
2373:
2253:
2221:
2198:
2178:
1990:
1971:
1624:
1603:
1595:
945:
851:
658:
524:
415:
373:
364:, against varying degrees of resistance. A major campaign against hashish-eating
172:
4630:
1229:. A number of NGOs are aligned in support of drug prohibition as members of the
799:. This time the motion passed. The Qing government banned opium soon afterward.
767:
645:
in 1893 to investigate the opium trade and make recommendations on its legality.
77:
distribution, marketing, sale, and use of certain drugs, for instance through a
8993:
8959:
8934:
8524:
8241:
8067:
8057:
7971:
7880:
7820:
7764:
7517:
7472:
7372:
6759:
6749:
6604:
6599:
6569:
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6083:
5937:
5820:
5815:
5698:
5587:
5547:
5467:
5337:
5322:
5297:
5181:
4897:
4842:
3204:
2368:
2343:
2202:
1975:
1854:
1516:
1445:
1266:
Development of a rational scale to assess the harm of drugs of potential misuse
1234:
1214:
1033:
665:. Attitudes towards the opium trade were initially ambivalent, but in 1874 the
512:
480:
allowed Chinese migrants to consume opium. The Konbaung Dynasty prohibited all
453:
423:
383:
was established under Sharia law, particularly against the use of hashish as a
325:
112:
4914:
Re-thinking drug control policy – Historical perspectives and conceptual tools
4850:
3746:
3725:
3638:
2980:
The political economy of narcotics: production, consumption and global markets
1144:
826:
The treaty became international law in 1919 when it was incorporated into the
202:
whose use a government or religious body seeks to control. What constitutes a
9187:
9066:
9040:
9035:
8949:
8512:
8472:
8092:
8072:
7981:
7908:
7835:
7830:
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7611:
7411:
7394:
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7141:
7082:
6947:
6879:
6861:
6832:
6799:
6781:
6336:
6234:
6038:
5988:
5617:
5572:
5567:
5557:
5542:
5497:
5477:
5427:
5407:
5402:
5287:
5267:
5257:
5196:
4876:
4830:
4639:
4529:
4466:
3191:
Kurlantzick, Joshua (2002). "China's Drug Problem and Looming HIV Epidemic".
2506:
2280:
2268:
2177:, and a maximum of 15 years prison for drug use. In 2004, Australian citizen
1631:. In some parts of the world, provisions are made for the use of traditional
1599:
1555:
1481:
1453:
1430:
1307:
1094:
1090:
1045:
697:
678:
465:
284:
66:
62:
7810:
2024:
8954:
8502:
8204:
7890:
7709:
7644:
7589:
7537:
7416:
7382:
7334:
7230:
7048:
6904:
6817:
6644:
6579:
6184:
6073:
6058:
5632:
5612:
5457:
5432:
5372:
5367:
5357:
5312:
5302:
5292:
5272:
5201:
5082:
4998:
4692:
4657:
4598:
4547:
4484:
3646:
3511:
3111:
3024:
The Chinese and Opium under the Republic: Worse Than Floods and Wild Beasts
2378:
2049:
1979:
1946:, was banned in the United Kingdom in 2010. On November 24, 2010, the U.S.
1913:
1611:
1573:
1477:
1434:
1426:
1295:
1222:
1028:
937:
867:
863:
623:
496:
411:
310:
301:
6667:
3729:, Office of the Houses of the Oireachtas website, accessed 9 February 2009
2057:
United States has 5% of the world's population, but 25% of the prisoners.
1378:
754:. He lobbied the British parliament to ban the opium trade. Broomhall and
210:
is relatively well known to modern science. Examples include a range from
119:
products, and restrict alcohol and tobacco from being sold or gifted to a
39:§ List of principal drug prohibition laws by jurisdiction (non-exhaustive)
8401:
8348:
8194:
8032:
7900:
7855:
7777:
7754:
7487:
7445:
7153:
7016:
6942:
6897:
6744:
6348:
6344:
6254:
6003:
5917:
5810:
5785:
5668:
5602:
5597:
5507:
5502:
5417:
5252:
5191:
5171:
5071:
4028:
Search and Destroy: African-American Males in the Criminal Justice System
3231:
2410:
2311:
1983:
1955:
1678:
on manufacture, distribution, marketing, and/or the sale of these drugs.
1587:
1559:
1547:
1471:
1438:
1323:
1066:
1049:
997:
969:
964:
that physicians could not prescribe narcotics solely for maintenance. In
930:
887:
855:
776:
457:
132:
128:
120:
82:
6682:
3551:
3212:
1682:
List of principal drug prohibition laws by jurisdiction (non-exhaustive)
1161:
Illegal drug trade § Effects of the illegal drug trade on societies
8477:
8214:
7948:
7840:
7313:
7158:
7106:
6736:
6639:
6425:
6306:
6301:
6179:
6063:
6043:
6033:
6013:
5967:
5942:
5912:
5552:
5532:
5517:
5512:
5482:
5472:
5452:
5447:
5437:
5392:
5352:
5332:
5327:
5186:
5155:
4965:
Challenging the UN drug control conventions: problems and possibilities
4822:
3833:
The Drug War Industrial Complex – Noam Chomsky interviewed by John Veit
3483:
1943:
1903:
explain how drug prohibition can be used for selective social control:
1697:
1620:
1507:
1457:
1327:
1269:
1210:
921:
875:
629:
481:
441:
353:
2036:
8988:
8944:
8492:
8487:
8062:
8047:
8022:
7870:
7865:
7850:
7845:
7805:
7782:
7719:
7576:
7549:
7433:
7291:
7274:
7247:
7163:
7126:
7116:
7089:
7060:
7021:
7008:
6986:
6957:
6754:
6609:
6589:
6574:
6509:
6415:
6410:
6379:
6369:
6331:
6269:
6249:
6189:
6164:
5592:
5492:
5362:
5347:
3309:. Consumer Reports Magazine. Druglibrary.org. Retrieved May 25, 2012.
2415:
2276:
2190:
2186:
2170:
2151:
2119:
1820:
1757:
1636:
1632:
1579:
1551:
1499:
1449:
1339:
1319:
1291:
1183:
1098:
903:
891:
811:
780:
760:
584:
488:
during the reign of King Bodawpaya (1781–1819). After Burma became a
485:
348:
96:
5961:
3141:; "Sale Of " Dope " Drugs: New Control Regulations"; January 8, 1921
1655:) has been declared a national treasure and is used in rites of the
1069:. Major milestones in this campaign include the introduction of the
613:
1897 Aboriginals Protection and Restriction of the Sale of Opium Act
321:
272:
prohibited the possession of untaxed tea with the imposition of the
7991:
7885:
7787:
7510:
7441:
7399:
7389:
7357:
7352:
7317:
7131:
7038:
6998:
6974:
6927:
6822:
6791:
6529:
6499:
6420:
6364:
6316:
6291:
6273:
6209:
6174:
6145:
6127:
6122:
6105:
6068:
6048:
5342:
4387:"The Chronology of Department of Health, Kaohsiung City Government"
3832:
3807:
3420:
2938:
Crusaders Against Opium: Protestant Missionaries in China 1874–1917
2773:
Patterns of intergenerational child protective services involvement
1675:
1660:
1565:
1531:
1485:
1463:
1331:
1315:
1303:
1186:) for personal use become legal, at least if sold in a certain way.
1093:
announced the commencement of the so-called "War on Drugs". Later,
952:– constituted conspiracy to violate the Harrison Act. In 1919, the
895:
835:
720:
592:
588:
556:
The first modern law in Europe for the regulating of drugs was the
516:
473:
427:
254:
247:
235:
223:
215:
211:
4868:
4439:
Csete, Joanne; Kamarulzaman, Adeeba; et al. (April 2, 2016).
4438:
3946:
The Philippine Star – 29,000 deaths probed since drug war launched
3085:"Harms Caused by China's 1906-1917 Opium Suppression Intervention"
1268:, David Nutt, Leslie A. King, William Saulsbury, Colin Blakemore,
8102:
7621:
7604:
7599:
7584:
7532:
7522:
7505:
7377:
7218:
7213:
7146:
7072:
6892:
6812:
6629:
6471:
6437:
6405:
6374:
6321:
6296:
6244:
6224:
6219:
6199:
6169:
6132:
6117:
6028:
5993:
5853:
5051:, documentary (50 min) showing downside of the 'War on Drugs' by
4497:
3377:
Drug Legalisation: An Evaluation of the Impacts on Global Society
3059:
Healing Bodies, Saving Souls: Medical Missions in Asia and Africa
2810:
1926:
1725:
1669:
1583:
1535:
1467:
1311:
1218:
1117:
for possession of more than 113 grams (4 oz) of a so-called
1041:
899:
477:
357:
273:
116:
4997:
Radio piece featuring LEAP founder and former narcotics officer
4611:
4002:"Veteran Customs Official Found Guilty of Taking Payoffs, Lying"
8052:
7986:
7455:
7301:
7281:
7043:
6967:
6932:
6871:
6534:
6359:
6229:
6088:
5922:
4790:
The Politics of Heroin: CIA Complicity in the Global Drug Trade
4775:
Smoke and Mirrors: The War on Drugs and the Politics of Failure
3921:
Chasing the scream: The first and last days of the war on drugs
2220:
carries a maximum penalty of death for drug trafficking, while
2217:
2194:
1997:
that may have resulted in up to 29,000 extrajudicial killings.
1705:
1644:
1539:
1527:
1523:
1503:
1016:
941:
907:
670:
436:
431:
342:
329:
253:
In the twenty-first century, caffeine has pharmaceutical uses.
160:
81:
system. For example, in some states, the possession or sale of
2904:
Substance and Shadow: Women and Addiction in the United States
2848:
Licit and Illicit Drugs – Chapter 6, Opium Smoking Is Outlawed
2787:
Opium and the People, Opiate Use in Nineteenth-Century England
2609:
1209:
of drugs. These policies are often supported by proponents of
677:. By the 1890s, increasingly strident campaigns were waged by
527:. The Qing government was defeated and the war ended with the
45:
7188:
7026:
6979:
6842:
6259:
6204:
6154:
5885:
3458:, the text of the act, OPSI website, accessed 27 January 2009
1656:
1648:
1640:
1083:
611:
Following the passage of a regional law in 1895, Australia's
569:
565:
500:
388:
369:
5131:
1692:
Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Medicines and Poisons
732:
Opinions of Over 100 Physicians on the Use of Opium in China
8077:
7594:
7208:
7077:
7065:
7033:
6851:
6774:
6769:
6584:
6311:
4560:
4179:
4156:"Voters oppose relaxing drug laws despite failure of 'war'"
4153:
3847:. (May 1997) Prison Legal News. Retrieved October 25, 2020.
3536:, BBC News website, 23 March 2007, accessed 27 January 2009
2881:
2225:
2182:
2159:
1226:
1145:
Calls for legalization, relegalization or decriminalization
871:
634:
449:
414:. Chinese attempts to suppress opium smuggling sparked the
392:
365:
305:
219:
168:
3884:"K2 Crackdown: DEA Using Emergency Powers To Ban Fake Pot"
3482:
3413:
The Economics of Crime: Lessons for and from Latin America
2181:
was convicted of smuggling 4.4 kilograms of cannabis into
1056:
In response to rising drug use among young people and the
1037:
American drug law enforcement agents detain a man in 2005.
8177:
Council of the European Union decisions on designer drugs
7860:
7286:
7053:
4384:
4360:"Report of the Senate Special Committee on Illegal Drugs"
3677:, Department of Justice website, accessed 9 February 2009
3585:
Santos reiterates call on global drug legalization debate
1922:
1495:
1350:
1129:. Similar laws were introduced across the United States.
37:
Schedule and class definitions vary by jurisdiction; see
4182:"Marijuana crop costs man his home and 400,000 in bills"
1731:
Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act (Estonia)
399:, and agreed that its "medical use, even if it leads to
4902:
The American Disease, The Origins of Narcotics Controls
2606:"Coffee facts, coffee trivia & coffee information!"
1940:
European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction
1893:
Hallucinations: Behavior, Experience, and Theory (1975)
1358:
579:
In the United States, the first drug law was passed in
503:
imported by foreign traders, such as those employed by
4498:
Cohen, Aliza; Vakharia, Sheila P.; Netherland, Julie;
4180:
Lynch, Jared & Thomson, Andrew (January 2, 2013).
3365:
2481:"Inventing Drugs: A Genealogy of a Regulatory Concept"
2426:
National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws
1749:
Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act (India)
783:
in 1912 reporting on a drug arrest, a month after the
4955:
Setting goals for drug policy: harm or use reduction?
4049:"U.S. prison population dwarfs that of other nations"
3307:
The Consumers Union Report on Licit and Illicit Drugs
5957:
5059:
After the War on Drugs: Options for Control (Report)
5031:, documentary (50 min) explaining 'War on Drugs' by
4960:
Prohibition, pragmatism and drug policy repatriation
4904:, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1973, p. 43
4670:
3835:. (April 1998) Chomsky.info. Retrieved May 25, 2012.
3750:, Irish Government website, accessed 9 February 2009
1950:
announced it would use emergency powers to ban many
1667:
substance. These drugs also frequently have special
1258:, Fifth Report of Session 2005–06, House of Commons
1217:
on the grounds of individual freedom, as well as by
802:
These changing attitudes led to the founding of the
726:
The missionary organizations were outraged over the
661:
and the subsequent legalization of the trade at the
630:
Changing attitudes and the drug prohibition campaign
346:
law, which is usually attributed to passages in the
242:
applies to certain conditions of possession or use.
4336:. Premier of Victoria. January 2012. Archived from
4154:Metherell, Mark & Davies, Lisa (May 21, 2012).
4134:
EUR-Lex - Publications Office of the European Union
4100:"Federal Bureau of Prisons - Statistics - Offenses"
3597:
Guatemalan president leads drug legalization debate
2899:
838:drugs, except for medical and scientific purposes.
548:. The sale of drugs in the UK was regulated by the
100:to be evidence of trafficking or sale of the drug.
3956:
3858:Rise in legal highs is fuelled by drug prohibition
3404:
2901:
1201:There are efforts around the world to promote the
3624:
3410:
3001:Opium Regimes: China, Britain and Japan 1839–1952
1330:and Mexico, according to Zelaya. In January 2012
1125:after New York Governor and later Vice President
9185:
4253:
3908:Two new 'legal highs' to be banned for 12 months
3810:Hallucinations: Behavior, Experience, and Theory
2624:
2228:are classified as legal entertainment drug. The
1974:opponents accused him of taking bribes from the
960:that the Harrison Act was constitutional and in
823:these persons carry such an industry or trade."
534:
131:. In the early 20th century, many countries had
4995:Making Contact: The Mission to End Prohibition.
4280:
4205:
3870:Will the mephedrone ban cause more drug deaths?
3698:, New Zealand website, accessed 9 February 2009
3055:
2835:
2783:
2680:"Food Stories: The Sultan's Coffee Prohibition"
2150:enforcement targets drugs, particularly in the
980:was accepted as federal jurisdiction under the
830:. The role of the commission was passed to the
531:, which legalized opium trading in Chinese law
263:the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
206:varies by century and belief system. What is a
69:is a common means of attempting to prevent the
7725:Legal history of cannabis in the United States
5014:10 Downing Street's Strategy Unit Drugs Report
3808:Siegel, Ronald K.; West, Louis Jolyon (1975).
3801:
3255:"Banned in China for sex, drugs, disaffection"
3252:
2859:
2784:Berridge, Virginia; Edwards, Griffith (1981),
2290:Alternative approaches to prohibition include
1933:
1929:wasn't, because gin is what poor people drink.
667:Society for the Suppression of the Opium Trade
6698:
5869:
5117:
4808:Pipe Dream Blues: Racism and the War on Drugs
4441:"Public Health and International Drug Policy"
4283:"Dozens arrested for drugs at music festival"
4258:. Australian Associated Press. Archived from
4124:
3957:Creighton Woodward, William (July 10, 1937).
3303:Chapter 8. "The Harrison Narcotic Act (1914)"
3257:. Archived from the original on June 10, 2004
3171:
2212:
1833:: Lag om kontroll av narkotika (SFS 1992:860)
1623:). New Zealand has banned the importation of
649:Foreign traders, including those employed by
6725:
4926:Global drug prohibition: its uses and crises
4256:"Parents face jail under tough WA drug laws"
4046:
3845:Drug Policy as Social Control - Noam Chomsky
3344:. India-seminar.com. Retrieved May 25, 2012.
940:was passed in 1914, and required sellers of
356:(not only alcohol), the ancient practice of
123:. Other common restrictions include bans on
4306:
3225:
3219:
3190:
103:Some Islamic countries prohibit the use of
8453:Arguments for and against drug prohibition
6705:
6691:
5876:
5862:
5124:
5110:
5097:Drugs and conservatives should go together
4883:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,
4072:
2850:. Druglibrary.org. Retrieved May 25, 2012.
2732:"How the East Influenced Drug Prohibition"
2598:
2317:Arguments for and against drug prohibition
2248:Arguments for and against drug prohibition
1173:Prohibition of drugs § Social control
1165:Prohibition of drugs § Legal Dilemmas
1151:Arguments for and against drug prohibition
595:of opium and alcohol, commonly taken as a
109:list of countries with alcohol prohibition
6712:
4647:
4629:
4588:
4578:
4537:
4519:
4474:
4456:
4066:
3470:Drug classification: making a hash of it?
2581:
2496:
2466:Scandinavian Institute of African Studies
1782:Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002
1774:: Control of Narcotic Substances Act 1997
1255:Drug classification: making a hash of it?
862:. With the temporary powers of DORA, the
583:in 1875, banning the smoking of opium in
183:only arrived two decades later, in 1912.
8427:Psilocybin decriminalization in the U.S.
8124:
5133:Social conservatism in the United States
4920:Policy from a harm reduction perspective
4890:Office of National Drug Control Policy,
4732:, University of California Press, 1996,
4434:
4432:
4430:
4030:. Cambridge University Press, New York.
3875:
3771:, OPSI website, accessed 2 February 2009
3710:"Control of Narcotic Substances Act XXV"
3415:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
2124:
2035:
2023:
1701:: Narcotics Substances Control Act, 2018
1368:
1314:smugglers as a transiting point between
1285:
1040:
1032:
766:
633:
538:
511:, was consumed by all social classes in
405:
320:
44:
8463:Capital punishment for drug trafficking
7518:Neocannabinoid / synthetic cannabinoids
5237:Friendly separation of church and state
4938:Should cannabis be taxed and regulated?
4309:"Police arrest more users than dealers"
3450:
3448:
3020:
2895:
2893:
2677:
2521:
1302:In February 2008 the then-president of
1294:against the prohibition of cannabis in
1169:Harm reduction § Decriminalisation
1136:' policy adopted in 1994 was the first
913:Hardening of Canadian attitudes toward
410:A painting of opium ships sailing into
14:
9186:
8354:Office of National Drug Control Policy
8142:International drug control conventions
5796:LGBT conservatism in the United States
5704:National Center on Sexual Exploitation
5072:Free from the Nightmare of Prohibition
5065:The Drug War as a Socialist Enterprise
4730:Drug War Politics: The Price of Denial
3548:"Drug Equality Alliance (DEA) - Cases"
3082:
2818:from the original on December 22, 2012
2729:
2652:
2478:
1841:Psychotropic Substances Act (Thailand)
991:
8545:
8123:
7695:List of cannabis rights organizations
7642:
6724:
6686:
5857:
5105:
4821:
4427:
3798:, 345 F. Supp. 2d 1227 (D. Utah 2004)
3740:
3719:
3667:
3609:"The WHO calls for decriminalisation"
3573:Zelaya sugiere a EUA legalizar drogas
2862:"Opium and the British Indian Empire"
2704:
2646:
2567:
1993:, the Philippines has waged a bloody
1816:: Drugs and Drug Trafficking Act 1992
1075:Convention on Psychotropic Substances
925:south of the Chinese border into the
214:found in coffee, tea, and chocolate,
5719:Parents Television and Media Council
4673:International Journal of Drug Policy
4206:Butcher, Steven (November 8, 2002).
4075:"A Better Approach to Violent Crime"
3881:
3775:
3761:
3688:
3587:. Colombia Reports. January 29, 2012
3575:. laprensahn.com (February 23, 2008)
3445:
3359:
3092:International Journal of Drug Policy
2999:Brook, T and Wakabayashi, B. (2000)
2890:
2561:
2271:, evidence is lacking. In 2016, the
2189:. Australian citizens known as the "
1372:
787:was signed and ratified at The Hague
568:and all preparations of opium or of
73:of certain intoxicating substances.
5001:, and Drug Policy Alliance founder
4254:Bennett, Cortlan (March 29, 2012).
4233:"Tip-off led to cannabis drug bust"
3872:BBC News Online . November 23. 2010
3675:Controlled Drugs and Substances Act
2529:"CHAPTER 1 Alcohol and Other Drugs"
2454:
2391:Allegations of CIA drug trafficking
2349:List of anti-cannabis organizations
2052:is thought to be contributing to a
1895:, senior US government researchers
1873:Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs
1720:Controlled Drugs and Substances Act
1071:Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs
300:The cultivation, use, and trade of
24:
8247:Law Enforcement Action Partnership
5883:
5709:National Organization for Marriage
4970:The Economics of Drug Legalization
4835:The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism
4711:
4385:Kaohsiung City Government (2016).
4281:Silva, Kristian (March 10, 2013).
4208:"Man turns Safeway seeds to opium"
3003:, University of California Press,
2436:Woman's Christian Temperance Union
2232:is in charge of drug prohibition.
2095:
1978:to enact prohibition and create a
1456:(Rohypnol; Hypnor; Flunipam), and
1290:People marching in the streets of
1182:Sales of one or more drugs (e.g.,
717:Royal Commission on Opium to India
703:Due to increasing pressure in the
397:medicinal and therapeutic purposes
316:
111:). Many governments levy a tax on
25:
9230:
8264:Students for Sensible Drug Policy
5092:Alcohol and Drugs History Society
4988:
4235:. Maitland Mercury. March 6, 2013
3661:"মাদকদ্রব্য নিয়ন্ত্রণ আইন, ২০১৮"
3534:Scientists want new drug rankings
3253:Michael Mackey (April 29, 2004).
2882:Legal Information Access Centre.
2431:Students for Sensible Drug Policy
2074:
1878:
1659:religion. The active ingredient,
1089:In 1972, United States President
972:. This is also true of the later
8269:Transform Drug Policy Foundation
8163:Other treaties addressing drugs
7643:
6477:Perverting the course of justice
5960:
5951:
5899:. Not all types are listed here.
5835:
5791:Factions in the Republican Party
5714:National Right to Life Committee
4777:, Little Brown & Co., 1996,
3882:Grim, Ryan (November 24, 2010).
3356:. (PDF). Retrieved May 25, 2012.
2941:. University Press of Kentucky.
2739:The International History Review
2678:Hopkins, Kate (March 24, 2006).
2498:10.1111/j.1467-6478.2016.00760.x
2020:Drug policy of the United States
2013:
1629:Smoke-free Environments Act 1990
1452:(Restoril; Normison; Euhypnos),
1377:
1260:Science and Technology Committee
890:control was extended to include
615:addressed opium addiction among
395:accepted the use of hashish for
27:Prohibition of drugs through law
9102:Regulation of therapeutic goods
9026:Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder
8587:Opium production in Afghanistan
6215:Intellectual property violation
4747:Temple University Press, 2001,
4664:
4605:
4554:
4491:
4405:
4378:
4352:
4326:
4300:
4274:
4247:
4225:
4199:
4173:
4147:
4118:
4092:
4073:John Pfaff (January 28, 2017).
4047:Liptak, Adam (April 23, 2008).
4040:
4020:
3994:
3969:
3950:
3939:
3926:
3913:
3901:
3863:
3850:
3838:
3826:
3789:
3702:
3653:
3618:
3602:
3590:
3578:
3566:
3540:
3526:
3476:
3462:
3456:Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (c.38)
3393:
3370:
3354:UNODC: Nepal, Executive Summary
3347:
3334:
3323:
3312:
3295:
3283:
3246:
3184:
3165:
3144:
3130:
3125:League of Nations Treaty Series
3118:
3076:
3049:
3014:
2993:
2972:
2951:
2929:
2875:
2860:Richards, John (May 23, 2001).
2853:
2841:
2829:
2811:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
2798:
2777:
2765:
2723:
2339:Drug policy of the Soviet Union
2283:and detrimental effects on the
2273:Johns Hopkins–Lancet Commission
1948:Drug Enforcement Administration
1883:The sentencing statutes in the
1826:Misuse of Drugs Act (Singapore)
1052:, a major source of drugs today
1022:
820:League of Nations Treaty Series
157:Russian Empire/USSR (1914–1925)
51:Drug Enforcement Administration
32:Regulation of therapeutic goods
9050:of tobacco or other substances
4892:National Drug Control Strategy
4362:. May 27, 2011. Archived from
4307:Beck, Maris (April 13, 2012).
3486:; King, L. A.; Saulsbury, W.;
3388:World Federation Against Drugs
2698:
2671:
2608:. Coffee Facts. Archived from
2472:
2448:
2158:government banned the sale of
2102:Drug policy of the Netherlands
1982:for alcohol. More recently in
1791:Drug Abuse Prevention Act 2005
1231:World Federation Against Drugs
841:
808:International Opium Convention
804:International Opium Commission
785:International Opium Convention
715:approved the appointment of a
641:was appointed the head of the
328:religion worshiped the god of
186:
13:
1:
9082:Needle and syringe programmes
9031:Long-term effects of cannabis
8432:Psilocybin mushrooms legality
8359:School district drug policies
4792:, Lawrence Hill Books, 1991,
4580:10.1080/07853890.2022.2079150
4521:10.1080/07853890.2022.2100926
4458:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00619-X
3504:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60464-4
3330:prohibition,alcohol interdict
3290:Jin Fuey Moy v. United States
3228:"Opium History, 1858 to 1940"
3056:Hardiman, David, ed. (2006).
2935:Lodwick, Kathleen L. (1996).
2657:. McFarland. pp. 40–41.
2592:10.1016/s0305-750x(02)00032-3
2441:
2396:School district drug policies
2285:social determinants of health
2173:carries a maximum penalty of
2081:Council of the European Union
1961:
1809:Misuse of Drugs Act (Ireland)
966:Jin Fuey Moy v. United States
850:, passed at the onset of the
848:Defence of the Realm Act 1914
818:and it was registered in the
744:The Truth about Opium Smoking
535:First modern drug regulations
521:destruction of opium at Humen
360:has continued throughout the
53:agents in a training exercise
8152:1971 Psychotropic Substances
5724:Traditional Values Coalition
4760:Drug Warriors and Their Prey
4685:10.1016/j.drugpo.2019.10.008
3963:American Medical Association
3923:. Bloomsbury Publishing USA.
3910:. The Guardian. June 4, 2013
3627:Journal of Ethnopharmacology
3104:10.1016/j.drugpo.2013.03.001
3029:State University of New York
2908:. Harvard University Press.
2900:Kandall, Stephen R. (1999).
2751:10.1080/07075332.2013.820769
2401:Drug Free America Foundation
2165:
2144:
2032:in the United States by year
2008:
1711:Misuse of Drugs Act (Belize)
1278:Drug Equality Alliance (DEA)
1134:three strikes and you're out
1103:President's Executive Office
810:was signed by 13 nations at
795:in 1891, was put before the
675:Rev. Frederick Storrs-Turner
7:
8940:Pharmaceutical distribution
8577:Coca production in Colombia
8028:Counterculture of the 1960s
5664:Concerned Women for America
5659:American Principles Project
4631:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035148
3959:"Cannabis Action Coalition"
3856:Power, Mike (May 29, 2013)
2836:Berridge & Edwards 1981
2305:
2108:Cannabis in the Netherlands
2040:US cannabis arrests by year
1968:Federal Bureau of Narcotics
1934:Legal highs and prohibition
1466:products, e.g., marijuana,
1390:to comply with Knowledge's
1233:. WFAD members support the
1111:mandatory minimum sentences
10:
9235:
9112:Substance abuse prevention
9087:Opioid replacement therapy
6240:Possessing stolen property
5077:February 23, 2006, at the
4910:by François-Xavier Dudouet
4908:Why Is Drug Use Forbidden?
3382:November 13, 2013, at the
3205:10.1215/07402775-2002-3003
2653:Mathre, Mary Lynn (1997).
2485:Journal of Law and Society
2458:Alcohol in Colonial Africa
2245:
2239:
2213:Republic of China (Taiwan)
2105:
2099:
2017:
1488:are the most sought after.
1154:
1148:
1026:
995:
379:Though the prohibition of
295:
259:bronchopulmonary dysplasia
36:
29:
9125:
9117:Supervised injection site
9059:
8974:
8600:
8567:
8556:
8552:
8546:
8541:
8445:
8407:Anabolic steroid legality
8394:
8279:
8187:
8172:Convention Against Doping
8167:Law of the Sea Convention
8134:
8130:
8119:
8098:Urban legends about drugs
8010:
7962:
7899:
7796:
7763:
7655:
7651:
7638:
7575:
7548:
7486:
7432:
7333:
7238:
7229:
7174:
7007:
6870:
6735:
6731:
6720:
6654:
6619:
6519:
6486:
6435:
6389:
6283:
6143:
5977:
5949:
5905:
5892:
5829:
5763:
5740:American Solidarity Party
5732:
5651:
5245:
5162:Anti-pornography movement
5139:
4851:10.4135/9781412965811.n81
4810:, South End Press, 1991,
4758:Richard Lawrence Miller,
4186:The Sydney Morning Herald
4160:The Sydney Morning Herald
4104:Federal Bureau of Prisons
3783:Controlled Substances Act
3639:10.1016/j.jep.2007.08.034
3342:"The drug scene in India"
3275:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
2959:100 Years of Drug Control
2069:Federal Bureau of Prisons
1864:Controlled Substances Act
1355:World Health Organization
1349:In a report dealing with
728:Royal Commission on Opium
669:was formed in England by
440:, arguing that it was an
137:United States (1920–1933)
8913:Turks and Caicos Islands
8422:Methamphetamine legality
7735:Marijuana Policy Project
6726:Major recreational drugs
6339:(such as prohibition of
5684:Foundation for Moral Law
5212:Parental rights movement
4417:Hous. Bus. & Tax L.J
3748:Misuse of Drugs Act 1984
3734:20 February 2007 at the
3727:Misuse of Drugs Act 1977
3696:Misuse of Drugs Act 1975
2884:"Drug laws in Australia"
2421:Marijuana Policy Project
2193:" were caught smuggling
1851:Misuse of Drugs Act 1971
1767:Misuse of Drugs Act 1975
1403:may contain suggestions.
1388:may need to be rewritten
1247:Misuse of Drugs Act 1971
880:Dangerous Drugs Act 1920
748:The Chinese Opium Smoker
280:to use them with drugs.
9214:History of drug control
7690:Cannabis rights leaders
5842:Conservatism portal
5674:Family Research Council
5044:April 30, 2011, at the
5024:April 30, 2011, at the
4334:"Bong ban now in force"
3755:27 January 2016 at the
3340:Charles, Molly (2001).
3319:The War on Drugs Begins
3138:The Manchester Guardian
3062:. Rodopi. p. 172.
2705:Allen, Stewart (2003).
2235:
2062:United States prisoners
1554:(Percocet; Oxycontin),
1237:narcotics conventions.
771:Newspaper article from
713:William Ewart Gladstone
694:Arthur Gostick Shorrock
562:General Medical Council
434:drinking to Muslims as
200:psychoactive substances
198:are any of a number of
8498:Politics of drug abuse
7466:Mandragora officinarum
6457:Miscarriage of justice
4026:Miller, Jerome (1996)
3932:Vorobyov, Niko (2019)
3769:Drugs Act 2005 (c. 17)
3682:5 January 2011 at the
3172:Carstairs, C. (2006).
3127:, vol. 8, pp. 188–239.
3021:Baumler, Alan (2007).
2632:"Who Are the Mormons?"
2296:drug decriminalization
2201:was arrested with two
2175:death for drug dealing
2133:
2041:
2033:
1952:synthetic cannabinoids
1931:
1910:
1299:
1249:, criticism includes:
1132:California's broader '
1097:added the position of
1053:
1038:
788:
752:National Righteousness
646:
643:Royal Opium Commission
576:million in the 1880s.
553:
430:attempted to prohibit
419:
333:
208:psychoactive substance
165:psychoactive substance
54:
8858:Saint Kitts and Nevis
8157:1988 Drug Trafficking
7750:Cannabis and religion
6714:Recreational drug use
6452:Malfeasance in office
5895:Note: Crimes vary by
5801:Manhattan Declaration
5776:Christian nationalism
5177:Consistent life ethic
5088:Prohibition news page
4837:. Thousand Oaks, CA:
4500:Frederique, Kassandra
3599:. CNN. March 23, 2012
2957:Ocampo, J. A. (2009)
2535:. September 2, 2016.
2479:Seddon, Toby (2016).
2364:Puerto Rican drug war
2258:government corruption
2240:Further information:
2128:
2090:Cannabis Social Clubs
2039:
2027:
1925:was criminalized and
1918:
1905:
1513:Empathogen-entactogen
1369:Drug prohibition laws
1289:
1123:Rockefeller drug laws
1086:only did so in 1976.
1044:
1036:
770:
756:James Laidlaw Maxwell
637:
601:racial discrimination
542:
409:
393:Islamic jurisprudence
324:
181:first treaty on opium
159:. In fact, the first
63:sumptuary legislation
48:
9107:Responsible drug use
8918:United Arab Emirates
8237:Drug Policy Alliance
8125:Legality of drug use
7730:Legality of cannabis
7705:Cannabis Social Club
7675:Cannabis cultivation
7670:Cannabis consumption
7501:Cannabis (Marijuana)
7323:Psilocybin mushrooms
6545:Cybersex trafficking
6307:Censorship violation
5217:Prohibition of drugs
4806:and Dennis Desmond,
4451:(10026): 1427–1480.
4366:on November 17, 2002
3193:World Policy Journal
3180:on January 25, 2003.
2794:on December 25, 2013
2686:on November 20, 2012
2406:Drug Policy Alliance
2230:Department of Health
1550:(Vicodin; Hycodan),
1138:mandatory sentencing
828:Treaty of Versailles
736:China Inland Mission
550:Pharmacy Act of 1868
228:pharmaceutical drugs
194:, in the context of
161:international treaty
135:. These include the
59:prohibition of drugs
18:Prohibition of drugs
9165:Tobacco consumption
9135:Alcohol consumption
9077:Drug rehabilitation
9014:Effects of cannabis
8738:Indian Ocean region
8518:Philippine drug war
8147:1961 Narcotic Drugs
6828:nail polish remover
6337:Illegal consumption
6009:Criminal negligence
5771:Christian democracy
5689:Heritage Foundation
5679:Focus on the Family
4845:. pp. 128–29.
4106:. December 25, 2021
4079:Wall Street Journal
3888:The Huffington Post
3498:(9566): 1047–1053.
3301:Brecher, Edward M.
3292:254 U.S. 189 (1920)
3083:Windle, J. (2013).
2806:"Pharmacy Act 1868"
2730:Windle, J. (2013).
2612:on January 18, 2010
2549:on December 3, 2016
2329:Drug liberalization
2300:government monopoly
2242:Drug liberalization
2054:prison overcrowding
1157:Drug liberalization
992:Alcohol prohibition
982:interstate commerce
860:British Indian Army
816:drug control treaty
336:The prohibition on
177:Brussels Conference
173:alcoholic beverages
171:actually concerned
153:Iceland (1915–1922)
141:Finland (1919–1932)
133:alcohol prohibition
9021:Drug-related crime
8698:Dominican Republic
8608:Illegal drug trade
8083:Religion and drugs
8038:Drug paraphernalia
8018:Chasing the dragon
7977:Fashion cigarettes
7558:Calea zacatechichi
7253:Psychoactive toads
6963:Mitragyna speciosa
6915:Dextropropoxyphene
6857:Nonbenzodiazepines
6765:Alcoholic beverage
6540:Child sexual abuse
6505:Wildlife smuggling
6495:Cruelty to animals
6284:Against the public
6113:Negligent homicide
6024:False imprisonment
5979:Against the person
5745:Constitution Party
5207:Organized religion
5067:by Milton Friedman
4827:"Drug Prohibition"
4728:Eva Bertram, ed.,
4567:Annals of Medicine
4508:Annals of Medicine
4053:The New York Times
4008:. November 6, 1986
3936:Hodder, UK. p. 252
2978:Buxton, J. (2006)
2961:, United Nations.
2323:Chasing the Scream
2262:mass incarceration
2134:
2085:framework decision
2042:
2034:
1885:United States Code
1740:Narcotic Drugs Act
1353:in June 2014, the
1336:Juan Manuel Santos
1300:
1282:maladministration.
1127:Nelson Rockefeller
1054:
1039:
884:10 & 11 Geo. 5
789:
773:The Daily Picayune
740:Benjamin Broomhall
705:British parliament
655:East India Company
647:
554:
545:Papaver somniferum
509:East India Company
420:
401:mental derangement
368:were conducted in
334:
270:British parliament
250:or doctor's care.
248:clinical situation
149:Canada (1901–1948)
145:Norway (1916–1927)
88:psychoactive drugs
55:
9181:
9180:
9177:
9176:
9173:
9172:
9092:Pharmacovigilance
9072:Drug legalization
8970:
8969:
8537:
8536:
8533:
8532:
8468:Cognitive liberty
8412:Cannabis legality
8200:Decriminalization
8115:
8114:
8111:
8110:
7997:Smoking fetishism
7634:
7633:
7630:
7629:
7571:
7570:
7451:Atropa belladonna
6818:contact adhesives
6760:Ethanol (alcohol)
6680:
6679:
6663:Wikimedia Commons
6621:Inchoate offenses
6565:Indecent exposure
6054:Human trafficking
6019:Domestic violence
5851:
5850:
5806:Paleoconservatism
5750:Prohibition Party
5733:Political parties
5227:Religious liberty
4977:(journal article)
4946:(journal article)
4940:(journal article)
4934:(journal article)
4928:(journal article)
4922:(journal article)
4860:978-1-4129-6580-4
4788:Alfred W. McCoy,
4762:, Praeger, 1996,
4724:978-0-684-83635-5
4393:on March 30, 2016
4126:Council of the EU
4006:Los Angeles Times
3819:978-1-135-16726-4
3554:on March 31, 2022
3430:978-0-226-15374-2
3226:Alfred W. McCoy.
3038:978-0-7914-6953-8
3009:978-0-520-22236-6
2988:978-1-84277-447-2
2967:978-92-1-148245-4
2915:978-0-674-85361-4
2716:978-0-345-44149-2
2664:978-0-7864-0361-5
2570:World Development
2542:978-0-7245-3361-9
2292:drug legalization
2048:In the U.S., the
1995:war against drugs
1972:Harry Anslinger's
1897:Louis Jolyon West
1843:and Narcotics Act
1653:tabernanthe iboga
1612:Islamic countries
1592:dextroamphetamine
1418:
1417:
1392:quality standards
1344:Otto Pérez Molina
1207:decriminalization
1115:life imprisonment
1062:psychoactive drug
986:U.S. Constitution
974:Marijuana Tax Act
832:League of Nations
711:government under
686:John Glasgow Kerr
663:Treaty of Nanking
558:Pharmacy Act 1868
529:Treaty of Nanking
470:Ayutthaya Kingdom
446:Pope Clement VIII
385:recreational drug
257:is used to treat
92:anabolic steroids
16:(Redirected from
9226:
9204:Drug control law
9009:Drug harmfulness
9004:Driving impaired
8823:Papua New Guinea
8592:Rolling meth lab
8565:
8564:
8554:
8553:
8543:
8542:
8508:Mexican drug war
8417:Cocaine legality
8402:Alcohol legality
8232:Demand reduction
8220:Supply reduction
8132:
8131:
8121:
8120:
7798:Drinking culture
7740:Medical cannabis
7700:Cannabis smoking
7657:Cannabis culture
7653:
7652:
7640:
7639:
7616:recreational use
7461:Hyoscyamus niger
7422:Salvia divinorum
7405:Amanita muscaria
7367:recreational use
7347:recreational use
7236:
7235:
6804:recreational use
6733:
6732:
6722:
6721:
6707:
6700:
6693:
6684:
6683:
6327:Ethnic cleansing
6265:Trespass to land
6160:Arms trafficking
5970:
5965:
5964:
5955:
5878:
5871:
5864:
5855:
5854:
5840:
5839:
5838:
5755:Republican Party
5694:Moms for Liberty
5140:Issues and ideas
5126:
5119:
5112:
5103:
5102:
4975:Britain on drugs
4885:Colombian Survey
4880:
4705:
4704:
4668:
4662:
4661:
4651:
4633:
4609:
4603:
4602:
4592:
4582:
4573:(1): 1797–1808.
4558:
4552:
4551:
4541:
4523:
4514:(1): 2024–2038.
4495:
4489:
4488:
4478:
4460:
4436:
4425:
4424:
4409:
4403:
4402:
4400:
4398:
4389:. Archived from
4382:
4376:
4375:
4373:
4371:
4356:
4350:
4349:
4347:
4345:
4330:
4324:
4323:
4321:
4319:
4304:
4298:
4297:
4295:
4293:
4278:
4272:
4271:
4269:
4267:
4251:
4245:
4244:
4242:
4240:
4229:
4223:
4222:
4220:
4218:
4203:
4197:
4196:
4194:
4192:
4177:
4171:
4170:
4168:
4166:
4151:
4145:
4144:
4142:
4140:
4122:
4116:
4115:
4113:
4111:
4096:
4090:
4089:
4087:
4085:
4070:
4064:
4063:
4061:
4059:
4044:
4038:
4024:
4018:
4017:
4015:
4013:
3998:
3992:
3991:
3989:
3987:
3973:
3967:
3966:
3954:
3948:
3943:
3937:
3930:
3924:
3919:Hari, J., 2015.
3917:
3911:
3905:
3899:
3898:
3896:
3894:
3879:
3873:
3867:
3861:
3854:
3848:
3842:
3836:
3830:
3824:
3823:
3805:
3799:
3793:
3787:
3779:
3773:
3765:
3759:
3744:
3738:
3723:
3717:
3716:
3714:
3706:
3700:
3692:
3686:
3671:
3665:
3664:
3657:
3651:
3650:
3622:
3616:
3606:
3600:
3594:
3588:
3582:
3576:
3570:
3564:
3563:
3561:
3559:
3550:. Archived from
3544:
3538:
3530:
3524:
3523:
3480:
3474:
3466:
3460:
3452:
3443:
3442:
3408:
3402:
3397:
3391:
3374:
3368:
3363:
3357:
3351:
3345:
3338:
3332:
3327:
3321:
3316:
3310:
3299:
3293:
3287:
3281:
3280:
3274:
3266:
3264:
3262:
3250:
3244:
3243:
3241:
3239:
3234:on April 4, 2007
3230:. Archived from
3223:
3217:
3216:
3188:
3182:
3181:
3176:. Archived from
3169:
3163:
3162:
3160:
3158:
3152:"Drugs and DORA"
3148:
3142:
3134:
3128:
3122:
3116:
3115:
3089:
3080:
3074:
3073:
3053:
3047:
3046:
3018:
3012:
2997:
2991:
2976:
2970:
2955:
2949:
2933:
2927:
2926:
2924:
2922:
2907:
2897:
2888:
2887:
2879:
2873:
2872:
2870:
2868:
2857:
2851:
2845:
2839:
2833:
2827:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2802:
2796:
2795:
2790:, archived from
2781:
2775:
2769:
2763:
2762:
2736:
2727:
2721:
2720:
2709:. Random House.
2702:
2696:
2695:
2693:
2691:
2682:. Archived from
2675:
2669:
2668:
2650:
2644:
2643:
2641:
2639:
2628:
2622:
2621:
2619:
2617:
2602:
2596:
2595:
2585:
2576:(7): 1099–1122.
2565:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2545:. Archived from
2525:
2519:
2518:
2500:
2476:
2470:
2469:
2463:
2452:
2359:Mexican drug war
2334:Demand reduction
2141:point in life).
1901:Ronald K. Siegel
1800:Decree-Law 15/93
1558:(Dilaudid), and
1544:diacetylmorphine
1413:
1410:
1404:
1381:
1373:
1225:as well various
1193:simultaneously.)
1095:President Reagan
1077:in 1971 and the
915:Chinese-Canadian
797:House of Commons
651:Jardine Matheson
505:Jardine Matheson
362:history of Islam
244:Recreational use
232:pharmaceuticals.
125:outdoor drinking
71:recreational use
21:
9234:
9233:
9229:
9228:
9227:
9225:
9224:
9223:
9194:Social conflict
9184:
9183:
9182:
9169:
9127:
9121:
9097:Reagent testing
9055:
9046:Passive smoking
8976:
8966:
8596:
8582:Drug precursors
8569:
8560:
8558:
8548:
8529:
8483:Drug possession
8458:Cannabis rights
8441:
8437:Salvia legality
8390:
8281:
8275:
8183:
8126:
8107:
8088:Self-medication
8006:
8002:Tobacco smoking
7964:Smoking culture
7958:
7895:
7792:
7759:
7715:Cannabis vaping
7685:Cannabis rights
7680:Cannabis edible
7647:
7626:
7567:
7563:Silene capensis
7544:
7482:
7478:Diphenhydramine
7428:
7329:
7225:
7170:
7122:Methylphenidate
7112:Methamphetamine
7003:
6866:
6750:Benzodiazepines
6727:
6716:
6711:
6681:
6676:
6650:
6649:
6648:
6615:
6614:
6613:
6595:Sex trafficking
6521:Sexual offenses
6515:
6514:
6513:
6487:Against animals
6482:
6481:
6480:
6431:
6430:
6429:
6385:
6384:
6383:
6279:
6278:
6277:
6195:False pretenses
6139:
6138:
6137:
6101:Preterintention
5973:
5966:
5959:
5956:
5947:
5901:
5888:
5882:
5852:
5847:
5836:
5834:
5825:
5781:Christian right
5759:
5728:
5647:
5241:
5222:Public morality
5167:Culture of life
5135:
5130:
5079:Wayback Machine
5049:Part II: Losers
5046:Wayback Machine
5029:Part I: Winners
5026:Wayback Machine
5003:Ethan Nadelmann
4991:
4986:
4861:
4804:Clarence Lusane
4743:James P. Gray,
4714:
4712:Further reading
4709:
4708:
4669:
4665:
4610:
4606:
4559:
4555:
4496:
4492:
4437:
4428:
4411:
4410:
4406:
4396:
4394:
4383:
4379:
4369:
4367:
4358:
4357:
4353:
4343:
4341:
4340:on May 13, 2013
4332:
4331:
4327:
4317:
4315:
4305:
4301:
4291:
4289:
4279:
4275:
4265:
4263:
4262:on July 4, 2013
4252:
4248:
4238:
4236:
4231:
4230:
4226:
4216:
4214:
4204:
4200:
4190:
4188:
4178:
4174:
4164:
4162:
4152:
4148:
4138:
4136:
4123:
4119:
4109:
4107:
4098:
4097:
4093:
4083:
4081:
4071:
4067:
4057:
4055:
4045:
4041:
4025:
4021:
4011:
4009:
4000:
3999:
3995:
3985:
3983:
3975:
3974:
3970:
3955:
3951:
3944:
3940:
3931:
3927:
3918:
3914:
3906:
3902:
3892:
3890:
3880:
3876:
3868:
3864:
3860:. The Guardian.
3855:
3851:
3843:
3839:
3831:
3827:
3820:
3806:
3802:
3796:U.S. v. Angelos
3794:
3790:
3780:
3776:
3766:
3762:
3757:Wayback Machine
3745:
3741:
3736:Wayback Machine
3724:
3720:
3712:
3708:
3707:
3703:
3693:
3689:
3684:Wayback Machine
3672:
3668:
3659:
3658:
3654:
3623:
3619:
3607:
3603:
3595:
3591:
3583:
3579:
3571:
3567:
3557:
3555:
3546:
3545:
3541:
3531:
3527:
3481:
3477:
3467:
3463:
3453:
3446:
3431:
3409:
3405:
3398:
3394:
3384:Wayback Machine
3375:
3371:
3364:
3360:
3352:
3348:
3339:
3335:
3328:
3324:
3317:
3313:
3300:
3296:
3288:
3284:
3268:
3267:
3260:
3258:
3251:
3247:
3237:
3235:
3224:
3220:
3189:
3185:
3170:
3166:
3156:
3154:
3150:
3149:
3145:
3135:
3131:
3123:
3119:
3087:
3081:
3077:
3070:
3054:
3050:
3039:
3019:
3015:
2998:
2994:
2977:
2973:
2956:
2952:
2934:
2930:
2920:
2918:
2916:
2898:
2891:
2880:
2876:
2866:
2864:
2858:
2854:
2846:
2842:
2834:
2830:
2821:
2819:
2804:
2803:
2799:
2782:
2778:
2770:
2766:
2734:
2728:
2724:
2717:
2707:The Devil's Cup
2703:
2699:
2689:
2687:
2676:
2672:
2665:
2651:
2647:
2637:
2635:
2630:
2629:
2625:
2615:
2613:
2604:
2603:
2599:
2583:10.1.1.571.8956
2566:
2562:
2552:
2550:
2543:
2527:
2526:
2522:
2477:
2473:
2461:
2455:Pan, L (1975).
2453:
2449:
2444:
2374:Tobacco control
2354:Medellín Cartel
2308:
2254:organized crime
2250:
2244:
2238:
2222:smoking tobacco
2215:
2199:Michelle Leslie
2179:Schapelle Corby
2168:
2147:
2110:
2104:
2098:
2096:The Netherlands
2077:
2022:
2016:
2011:
1991:Rodrigo Duterte
1984:the Philippines
1964:
1936:
1881:
1684:
1627:as part of the
1625:chewing tobacco
1604:methylphenidate
1596:methamphetamine
1446:benzodiazepines
1437:(Seconal), and
1414:
1408:
1405:
1395:
1382:
1371:
1240:
1175:
1153:
1147:
1113:of 15 years to
1031:
1025:
1000:
994:
946:legal precedent
936:In the US, the
927:Golden Triangle
852:First World War
844:
690:Arthur E. Moule
659:First Opium War
632:
537:
525:First Opium War
416:First Opium War
358:hashish smoking
319:
317:Early drug laws
298:
274:Tea Act of 1773
189:
41:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9232:
9222:
9221:
9219:Prohibitionism
9216:
9211:
9206:
9201:
9199:Counterculture
9196:
9179:
9178:
9175:
9174:
9171:
9170:
9168:
9167:
9162:
9157:
9156:
9155:
9150:
9142:
9137:
9131:
9129:
9123:
9122:
9120:
9119:
9114:
9109:
9104:
9099:
9094:
9089:
9084:
9079:
9074:
9069:
9063:
9061:
9060:Harm reduction
9057:
9056:
9054:
9053:
9052:
9051:
9043:
9038:
9033:
9028:
9023:
9018:
9017:
9016:
9006:
9001:
8996:
8994:Date rape drug
8991:
8986:
8980:
8978:
8972:
8971:
8968:
8967:
8965:
8964:
8963:
8962:
8960:Liquor license
8957:
8952:
8947:
8937:
8935:Darknet market
8932:
8931:
8930:
8925:
8920:
8915:
8910:
8905:
8900:
8895:
8890:
8885:
8880:
8875:
8870:
8865:
8860:
8855:
8850:
8845:
8840:
8835:
8830:
8825:
8820:
8815:
8810:
8805:
8800:
8795:
8790:
8785:
8780:
8775:
8770:
8765:
8760:
8755:
8750:
8745:
8740:
8735:
8730:
8725:
8720:
8715:
8710:
8705:
8700:
8695:
8690:
8685:
8680:
8675:
8670:
8665:
8660:
8655:
8650:
8645:
8640:
8635:
8630:
8625:
8620:
8615:
8604:
8602:
8598:
8597:
8595:
8594:
8589:
8584:
8579:
8573:
8571:
8562:
8550:
8549:
8539:
8538:
8535:
8534:
8531:
8530:
8528:
8527:
8525:Zero tolerance
8522:
8521:
8520:
8515:
8510:
8500:
8495:
8490:
8485:
8480:
8475:
8470:
8465:
8460:
8455:
8449:
8447:
8443:
8442:
8440:
8439:
8434:
8429:
8424:
8419:
8414:
8409:
8404:
8398:
8396:
8392:
8391:
8389:
8388:
8387:
8386:
8381:
8376:
8371:
8366:
8361:
8356:
8351:
8341:
8336:
8331:
8326:
8321:
8316:
8311:
8306:
8301:
8299:Czech Republic
8296:
8291:
8285:
8283:
8277:
8276:
8274:
8273:
8272:
8271:
8266:
8261:
8260:
8259:
8252:Liberalization
8249:
8244:
8242:Harm reduction
8239:
8234:
8224:
8223:
8222:
8217:
8212:
8207:
8202:
8191:
8189:
8185:
8184:
8182:
8181:
8180:
8179:
8174:
8169:
8161:
8160:
8159:
8154:
8149:
8138:
8136:
8128:
8127:
8117:
8116:
8113:
8112:
8109:
8108:
8106:
8105:
8100:
8095:
8090:
8085:
8080:
8075:
8070:
8068:Party and play
8065:
8060:
8058:Needle sharing
8055:
8050:
8045:
8040:
8035:
8030:
8025:
8020:
8014:
8012:
8008:
8007:
8005:
8004:
7999:
7994:
7989:
7984:
7979:
7974:
7972:Cigarette card
7968:
7966:
7960:
7959:
7957:
7956:
7951:
7946:
7941:
7936:
7931:
7926:
7921:
7916:
7911:
7905:
7903:
7897:
7896:
7894:
7893:
7888:
7883:
7881:Tailgate party
7878:
7873:
7868:
7863:
7858:
7853:
7848:
7843:
7838:
7833:
7831:Drinking games
7828:
7823:
7821:Binge drinking
7818:
7813:
7808:
7802:
7800:
7794:
7793:
7791:
7790:
7785:
7780:
7775:
7769:
7767:
7765:Coffee culture
7761:
7760:
7758:
7757:
7752:
7747:
7742:
7737:
7732:
7727:
7722:
7717:
7712:
7707:
7702:
7697:
7692:
7687:
7682:
7677:
7672:
7667:
7661:
7659:
7649:
7648:
7636:
7635:
7632:
7631:
7628:
7627:
7625:
7624:
7619:
7609:
7608:
7607:
7602:
7592:
7587:
7581:
7579:
7573:
7572:
7569:
7568:
7566:
7565:
7560:
7554:
7552:
7546:
7545:
7543:
7542:
7541:
7540:
7535:
7530:
7525:
7515:
7514:
7513:
7508:
7503:
7492:
7490:
7484:
7483:
7481:
7480:
7475:
7473:Dimenhydrinate
7470:
7469:
7468:
7463:
7458:
7453:
7438:
7436:
7430:
7429:
7427:
7426:
7425:
7424:
7414:
7409:
7408:
7407:
7397:
7392:
7387:
7386:
7385:
7380:
7375:
7373:alkyl nitrites
7370:
7355:
7350:
7339:
7337:
7331:
7330:
7328:
7327:
7326:
7325:
7311:
7310:
7309:
7304:
7299:
7297:Peruvian torch
7289:
7284:
7279:
7278:
7277:
7267:
7266:
7265:
7260:
7255:
7244:
7242:
7233:
7227:
7226:
7224:
7223:
7222:
7221:
7216:
7206:
7201:
7196:
7195:
7194:
7186:
7180:
7178:
7172:
7171:
7169:
7168:
7167:
7166:
7161:
7151:
7150:
7149:
7144:
7139:
7129:
7124:
7119:
7114:
7109:
7104:
7099:
7098:
7097:
7087:
7086:
7085:
7080:
7070:
7069:
7068:
7058:
7057:
7056:
7051:
7046:
7036:
7031:
7030:
7029:
7019:
7013:
7011:
7005:
7004:
7002:
7001:
6996:
6995:
6994:
6984:
6983:
6982:
6972:
6971:
6970:
6960:
6955:
6954:
6953:
6945:
6940:
6939:
6938:
6930:
6925:
6924:
6923:
6920:
6912:
6911:
6910:
6902:
6901:
6900:
6890:
6889:
6888:
6885:
6876:
6874:
6868:
6867:
6865:
6864:
6862:Quinazolinones
6859:
6854:
6849:
6848:
6847:
6846:
6845:
6837:
6836:
6835:
6830:
6825:
6820:
6809:
6808:
6807:
6789:
6784:
6782:Gabapentinoids
6779:
6778:
6777:
6772:
6767:
6757:
6752:
6747:
6741:
6739:
6729:
6728:
6718:
6717:
6710:
6709:
6702:
6695:
6687:
6678:
6677:
6675:
6670:
6665:
6660:
6655:
6652:
6651:
6647:
6642:
6637:
6632:
6627:
6626:
6625:
6623:
6617:
6616:
6612:
6607:
6605:Sexual slavery
6602:
6600:Sexual assault
6597:
6592:
6587:
6582:
6577:
6572:
6567:
6562:
6557:
6552:
6547:
6542:
6537:
6532:
6527:
6526:
6525:
6523:
6517:
6516:
6512:
6507:
6502:
6497:
6492:
6491:
6490:
6488:
6484:
6483:
6479:
6474:
6469:
6464:
6459:
6454:
6449:
6444:
6443:
6442:
6440:
6433:
6432:
6428:
6423:
6418:
6413:
6408:
6403:
6398:
6397:
6396:
6394:
6387:
6386:
6382:
6377:
6372:
6367:
6362:
6357:
6352:
6334:
6329:
6324:
6322:Hostage-taking
6319:
6314:
6309:
6304:
6299:
6294:
6289:
6288:
6287:
6285:
6281:
6280:
6276:
6267:
6262:
6257:
6252:
6247:
6242:
6237:
6232:
6227:
6222:
6217:
6212:
6207:
6202:
6197:
6192:
6187:
6182:
6177:
6172:
6167:
6162:
6157:
6152:
6151:
6150:
6148:
6141:
6140:
6136:
6135:
6130:
6125:
6120:
6115:
6110:
6109:
6108:
6098:
6097:
6096:
6086:
6081:
6071:
6066:
6061:
6056:
6051:
6046:
6041:
6036:
6031:
6026:
6021:
6016:
6011:
6006:
6001:
5996:
5991:
5985:
5984:
5983:
5981:
5975:
5974:
5972:
5971:
5950:
5948:
5946:
5945:
5940:
5935:
5930:
5925:
5920:
5915:
5909:
5907:
5903:
5902:
5893:
5890:
5889:
5881:
5880:
5873:
5866:
5858:
5849:
5848:
5846:
5845:
5830:
5827:
5826:
5824:
5823:
5821:Straight pride
5818:
5816:Social justice
5813:
5808:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5767:
5765:
5761:
5760:
5758:
5757:
5752:
5747:
5742:
5736:
5734:
5730:
5729:
5727:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5711:
5706:
5701:
5699:Moral Majority
5696:
5691:
5686:
5681:
5676:
5671:
5666:
5661:
5655:
5653:
5649:
5648:
5646:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5565:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5415:
5410:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5390:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5249:
5247:
5243:
5242:
5240:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5182:Eminent domain
5179:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5149:
5143:
5141:
5137:
5136:
5129:
5128:
5121:
5114:
5106:
5100:
5099:
5094:
5085:
5069:
5061:
5056:
5036:
5016:
5011:
5005:
4990:
4989:External links
4987:
4985:
4984:
4983:by Peter Peetz
4978:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4941:
4935:
4929:
4923:
4917:
4916:by Peter Cohen
4911:
4905:
4898:David F. Musto
4895:
4888:
4881:
4859:
4843:Cato Institute
4831:Hamowy, Ronald
4819:
4801:
4786:
4771:
4756:
4741:
4726:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4707:
4706:
4663:
4624:(9): e035148.
4604:
4553:
4490:
4426:
4404:
4377:
4351:
4325:
4299:
4273:
4246:
4224:
4198:
4172:
4146:
4117:
4091:
4065:
4039:
4019:
3993:
3968:
3949:
3938:
3925:
3912:
3900:
3874:
3862:
3849:
3837:
3825:
3818:
3800:
3788:
3774:
3760:
3739:
3718:
3701:
3687:
3666:
3652:
3617:
3601:
3589:
3577:
3565:
3539:
3525:
3475:
3461:
3444:
3429:
3421:10.3386/w13759
3403:
3392:
3369:
3358:
3346:
3333:
3322:
3311:
3294:
3282:
3245:
3218:
3183:
3164:
3143:
3129:
3117:
3098:(5): 498–505.
3075:
3069:978-9042021068
3068:
3048:
3037:
3031:. p. 65.
3013:
2992:
2971:
2950:
2928:
2914:
2889:
2874:
2852:
2840:
2828:
2797:
2776:
2764:
2722:
2715:
2697:
2670:
2663:
2645:
2623:
2597:
2560:
2541:
2520:
2491:(3): 393–415.
2471:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2439:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2382:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2369:Prohibitionism
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2344:Harm reduction
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2319:
2314:
2307:
2304:
2237:
2234:
2214:
2211:
2167:
2164:
2146:
2143:
2100:Main article:
2097:
2094:
2076:
2075:European Union
2073:
2067:The data from
2018:Main article:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
1963:
1960:
1935:
1932:
1880:
1879:Legal dilemmas
1877:
1876:
1875:
1866:
1857:
1855:Drugs Act 2005
1847:United Kingdom
1844:
1834:
1828:
1817:
1811:
1802:
1793:
1784:
1775:
1769:
1760:
1751:
1742:
1733:
1722:
1713:
1702:
1694:
1683:
1680:
1616:certain states
1608:
1607:
1577:
1563:
1520:
1510:
1489:
1474:
1461:
1442:
1416:
1415:
1385:
1383:
1376:
1370:
1367:
1284:
1283:
1273:
1263:
1235:United Nations
1215:libertarianism
1203:relegalization
1199:
1198:
1197:prohibitions).
1194:
1190:
1187:
1149:Main article:
1146:
1143:
1058:counterculture
1027:Main article:
1024:
1021:
996:Main article:
993:
990:
984:clause of the
846:In the UK the
843:
840:
639:Thomas Brassey
631:
628:
536:
533:
513:Southern China
490:British colony
454:Coffee Cantata
424:Ottoman Empire
340:under Islamic
318:
315:
297:
294:
188:
185:
129:indoor smoking
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9231:
9220:
9217:
9215:
9212:
9210:
9207:
9205:
9202:
9200:
9197:
9195:
9192:
9191:
9189:
9166:
9163:
9161:
9158:
9154:
9151:
9149:
9146:
9145:
9143:
9141:
9138:
9136:
9133:
9132:
9130:
9126:Countries by
9124:
9118:
9115:
9113:
9110:
9108:
9105:
9103:
9100:
9098:
9095:
9093:
9090:
9088:
9085:
9083:
9080:
9078:
9075:
9073:
9070:
9068:
9067:Drug checking
9065:
9064:
9062:
9058:
9049:
9048:
9047:
9044:
9042:
9039:
9037:
9036:Neurotoxicity
9034:
9032:
9029:
9027:
9024:
9022:
9019:
9015:
9012:
9011:
9010:
9007:
9005:
9002:
9000:
8997:
8995:
8992:
8990:
8987:
8985:
8982:
8981:
8979:
8973:
8961:
8958:
8956:
8953:
8951:
8950:Cannabis shop
8948:
8946:
8943:
8942:
8941:
8938:
8936:
8933:
8929:
8926:
8924:
8923:United States
8921:
8919:
8916:
8914:
8911:
8909:
8906:
8904:
8901:
8899:
8896:
8894:
8891:
8889:
8886:
8884:
8881:
8879:
8876:
8874:
8871:
8869:
8866:
8864:
8861:
8859:
8856:
8854:
8851:
8849:
8846:
8844:
8841:
8839:
8836:
8834:
8831:
8829:
8826:
8824:
8821:
8819:
8816:
8814:
8811:
8809:
8806:
8804:
8801:
8799:
8796:
8794:
8791:
8789:
8786:
8784:
8781:
8779:
8778:Latin America
8776:
8774:
8771:
8769:
8766:
8764:
8761:
8759:
8756:
8754:
8751:
8749:
8746:
8744:
8741:
8739:
8736:
8734:
8731:
8729:
8726:
8724:
8721:
8719:
8716:
8714:
8711:
8709:
8706:
8704:
8701:
8699:
8696:
8694:
8691:
8689:
8686:
8684:
8681:
8679:
8676:
8674:
8671:
8669:
8666:
8664:
8661:
8659:
8656:
8654:
8651:
8649:
8646:
8644:
8641:
8639:
8636:
8634:
8631:
8629:
8626:
8624:
8621:
8619:
8616:
8614:
8611:
8610:
8609:
8606:
8605:
8603:
8599:
8593:
8590:
8588:
8585:
8583:
8580:
8578:
8575:
8574:
8572:
8566:
8563:
8555:
8551:
8544:
8540:
8526:
8523:
8519:
8516:
8514:
8513:Plan Colombia
8511:
8509:
8506:
8505:
8504:
8501:
8499:
8496:
8494:
8491:
8489:
8486:
8484:
8481:
8479:
8476:
8474:
8473:Designer drug
8471:
8469:
8466:
8464:
8461:
8459:
8456:
8454:
8451:
8450:
8448:
8444:
8438:
8435:
8433:
8430:
8428:
8425:
8423:
8420:
8418:
8415:
8413:
8410:
8408:
8405:
8403:
8400:
8399:
8397:
8395:Drug legality
8393:
8385:
8382:
8380:
8377:
8375:
8372:
8370:
8367:
8365:
8362:
8360:
8357:
8355:
8352:
8350:
8347:
8346:
8345:
8344:United States
8342:
8340:
8337:
8335:
8332:
8330:
8327:
8325:
8322:
8320:
8317:
8315:
8312:
8310:
8307:
8305:
8302:
8300:
8297:
8295:
8292:
8290:
8287:
8286:
8284:
8278:
8270:
8267:
8265:
8262:
8258:
8257:Latin America
8255:
8254:
8253:
8250:
8248:
8245:
8243:
8240:
8238:
8235:
8233:
8230:
8229:
8228:
8227:Policy reform
8225:
8221:
8218:
8216:
8213:
8211:
8208:
8206:
8203:
8201:
8198:
8197:
8196:
8193:
8192:
8190:
8186:
8178:
8175:
8173:
8170:
8168:
8165:
8164:
8162:
8158:
8155:
8153:
8150:
8148:
8145:
8144:
8143:
8140:
8139:
8137:
8135:International
8133:
8129:
8122:
8118:
8104:
8101:
8099:
8096:
8094:
8093:Sex and drugs
8091:
8089:
8086:
8084:
8081:
8079:
8076:
8074:
8073:Poly drug use
8071:
8069:
8066:
8064:
8061:
8059:
8056:
8054:
8051:
8049:
8046:
8044:
8041:
8039:
8036:
8034:
8031:
8029:
8026:
8024:
8021:
8019:
8016:
8015:
8013:
8009:
8003:
8000:
7998:
7995:
7993:
7990:
7988:
7985:
7983:
7982:Cloud-chasing
7980:
7978:
7975:
7973:
7970:
7969:
7967:
7965:
7961:
7955:
7952:
7950:
7947:
7945:
7942:
7940:
7937:
7935:
7932:
7930:
7927:
7925:
7922:
7920:
7917:
7915:
7912:
7910:
7909:Psychonautics
7907:
7906:
7904:
7902:
7898:
7892:
7889:
7887:
7884:
7882:
7879:
7877:
7874:
7872:
7869:
7867:
7864:
7862:
7859:
7857:
7854:
7852:
7849:
7847:
7844:
7842:
7839:
7837:
7836:Drinking song
7834:
7832:
7829:
7827:
7826:Diethyl ether
7824:
7822:
7819:
7817:
7816:Beer festival
7814:
7812:
7809:
7807:
7804:
7803:
7801:
7799:
7795:
7789:
7786:
7784:
7781:
7779:
7776:
7774:
7771:
7770:
7768:
7766:
7762:
7756:
7753:
7751:
7748:
7746:
7743:
7741:
7738:
7736:
7733:
7731:
7728:
7726:
7723:
7721:
7718:
7716:
7713:
7711:
7708:
7706:
7703:
7701:
7698:
7696:
7693:
7691:
7688:
7686:
7683:
7681:
7678:
7676:
7673:
7671:
7668:
7666:
7663:
7662:
7660:
7658:
7654:
7650:
7646:
7641:
7637:
7623:
7620:
7617:
7613:
7612:Nitrous oxide
7610:
7606:
7603:
7601:
7598:
7597:
7596:
7593:
7591:
7588:
7586:
7583:
7582:
7580:
7578:
7574:
7564:
7561:
7559:
7556:
7555:
7553:
7551:
7547:
7539:
7536:
7534:
7531:
7529:
7526:
7524:
7521:
7520:
7519:
7516:
7512:
7509:
7507:
7504:
7502:
7499:
7498:
7497:
7494:
7493:
7491:
7489:
7485:
7479:
7476:
7474:
7471:
7467:
7464:
7462:
7459:
7457:
7454:
7452:
7449:
7448:
7447:
7443:
7440:
7439:
7437:
7435:
7431:
7423:
7420:
7419:
7418:
7415:
7413:
7410:
7406:
7403:
7402:
7401:
7398:
7396:
7393:
7391:
7388:
7384:
7381:
7379:
7376:
7374:
7371:
7368:
7364:
7363:Nitrous oxide
7361:
7360:
7359:
7356:
7354:
7351:
7348:
7344:
7341:
7340:
7338:
7336:
7335:Dissociatives
7332:
7324:
7321:
7320:
7319:
7315:
7312:
7308:
7305:
7303:
7300:
7298:
7295:
7294:
7293:
7290:
7288:
7285:
7283:
7280:
7276:
7273:
7272:
7271:
7268:
7264:
7261:
7259:
7256:
7254:
7251:
7250:
7249:
7246:
7245:
7243:
7241:
7237:
7234:
7232:
7231:Hallucinogens
7228:
7220:
7217:
7215:
7212:
7211:
7210:
7207:
7205:
7202:
7200:
7197:
7192:
7191:
7190:
7187:
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7179:
7177:
7173:
7165:
7162:
7160:
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7110:
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7076:
7075:
7074:
7071:
7067:
7064:
7063:
7062:
7059:
7055:
7052:
7050:
7049:Energy drinks
7047:
7045:
7042:
7041:
7040:
7037:
7035:
7032:
7028:
7025:
7024:
7023:
7020:
7018:
7015:
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7006:
7000:
6997:
6993:
6990:
6989:
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6976:
6973:
6969:
6966:
6965:
6964:
6961:
6959:
6956:
6951:
6950:
6949:
6948:Hydromorphone
6946:
6944:
6941:
6936:
6935:
6934:
6931:
6929:
6926:
6921:
6918:
6917:
6916:
6913:
6908:
6907:
6906:
6903:
6899:
6896:
6895:
6894:
6891:
6886:
6883:
6882:
6881:
6880:Buprenorphine
6878:
6877:
6875:
6873:
6869:
6863:
6860:
6858:
6855:
6853:
6850:
6844:
6841:
6840:
6838:
6834:
6833:Paint thinner
6831:
6829:
6826:
6824:
6821:
6819:
6816:
6815:
6814:
6810:
6805:
6801:
6800:Nitrous oxide
6798:
6797:
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6794:
6793:
6790:
6788:
6785:
6783:
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6776:
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6758:
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6708:
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6666:
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6608:
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6598:
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6593:
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6588:
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6583:
6581:
6578:
6576:
6573:
6571:
6568:
6566:
6563:
6561:
6558:
6556:
6555:Homosexuality
6553:
6551:
6548:
6546:
6543:
6541:
6538:
6536:
6533:
6531:
6528:
6524:
6522:
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6508:
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6414:
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6409:
6407:
6404:
6402:
6399:
6395:
6393:
6388:
6381:
6378:
6376:
6373:
6371:
6368:
6366:
6363:
6361:
6358:
6356:
6355:Miscegenation
6353:
6350:
6346:
6342:
6338:
6335:
6333:
6330:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6315:
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6308:
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6300:
6298:
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6275:
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6268:
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6263:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6248:
6246:
6243:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6235:Pickpocketing
6233:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6218:
6216:
6213:
6211:
6208:
6206:
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6119:
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6067:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6057:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6042:
6040:
6039:Home invasion
6037:
6035:
6032:
6030:
6027:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5989:Assassination
5987:
5986:
5982:
5980:
5976:
5969:
5963:
5958:
5954:
5944:
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5908:
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5898:
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5867:
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5609:
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5526:
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5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5459:
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5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
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5426:
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5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5250:
5248:
5244:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5232:School prayer
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5197:Family values
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5157:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5147:Anti-abortion
5145:
5144:
5142:
5138:
5134:
5127:
5122:
5120:
5115:
5113:
5108:
5107:
5104:
5098:
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5034:
5030:
5027:
5023:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5000:
4996:
4993:
4992:
4982:
4979:
4976:
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4968:
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4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4945:
4942:
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4936:
4933:
4930:
4927:
4924:
4921:
4918:
4915:
4912:
4909:
4906:
4903:
4899:
4896:
4894:, March 2004.
4893:
4889:
4886:
4882:
4878:
4874:
4870:
4866:
4862:
4856:
4852:
4848:
4844:
4840:
4836:
4832:
4828:
4824:
4820:
4817:
4816:0-89608-411-6
4813:
4809:
4805:
4802:
4799:
4798:1-55652-126-X
4795:
4791:
4787:
4784:
4783:0-316-08412-3
4780:
4776:
4772:
4769:
4768:0-275-95042-5
4765:
4761:
4757:
4754:
4753:1-56639-859-2
4750:
4746:
4742:
4739:
4738:0-520-20309-7
4735:
4731:
4727:
4725:
4721:
4717:
4716:
4702:
4698:
4694:
4690:
4686:
4682:
4678:
4674:
4667:
4659:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4641:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4623:
4619:
4615:
4608:
4600:
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4557:
4549:
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4513:
4509:
4505:
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4494:
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4464:
4459:
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4422:
4418:
4414:
4408:
4392:
4388:
4381:
4365:
4361:
4355:
4339:
4335:
4329:
4314:
4310:
4303:
4288:
4284:
4277:
4261:
4257:
4250:
4234:
4228:
4213:
4209:
4202:
4187:
4183:
4176:
4161:
4157:
4150:
4135:
4131:
4127:
4121:
4105:
4101:
4095:
4080:
4076:
4069:
4054:
4050:
4043:
4037:
4033:
4029:
4023:
4007:
4003:
3997:
3982:
3978:
3972:
3964:
3960:
3953:
3947:
3942:
3935:
3929:
3922:
3916:
3909:
3904:
3889:
3885:
3878:
3871:
3866:
3859:
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3841:
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3821:
3815:
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3797:
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3764:
3758:
3754:
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3699:
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3676:
3670:
3662:
3656:
3648:
3644:
3640:
3636:
3632:
3628:
3621:
3614:
3613:The Economist
3610:
3605:
3598:
3593:
3586:
3581:
3574:
3569:
3553:
3549:
3543:
3537:
3535:
3529:
3521:
3517:
3513:
3509:
3505:
3501:
3497:
3493:
3489:
3488:Blakemore, C.
3485:
3479:
3473:
3471:
3465:
3459:
3457:
3451:
3449:
3440:
3436:
3432:
3426:
3422:
3418:
3414:
3407:
3401:
3396:
3389:
3385:
3381:
3378:
3373:
3367:
3362:
3355:
3350:
3343:
3337:
3331:
3326:
3320:
3315:
3308:
3304:
3298:
3291:
3286:
3278:
3272:
3256:
3249:
3233:
3229:
3222:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3187:
3179:
3175:
3168:
3153:
3147:
3140:
3139:
3133:
3126:
3121:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3086:
3079:
3071:
3065:
3061:
3060:
3052:
3045:
3040:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3025:
3017:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2996:
2989:
2985:
2982:, Zed Books,
2981:
2975:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2954:
2948:
2947:0-8131-1924-3
2944:
2940:
2939:
2932:
2917:
2911:
2906:
2905:
2896:
2894:
2885:
2878:
2867:September 24,
2863:
2856:
2849:
2844:
2837:
2832:
2817:
2813:
2812:
2807:
2801:
2793:
2789:
2788:
2780:
2774:
2768:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2733:
2726:
2718:
2712:
2708:
2701:
2690:September 12,
2685:
2681:
2674:
2666:
2660:
2656:
2649:
2633:
2627:
2611:
2607:
2601:
2593:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2564:
2548:
2544:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2524:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2490:
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2475:
2467:
2460:
2459:
2451:
2447:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
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2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
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2380:
2377:
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2360:
2357:
2355:
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2347:
2345:
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2335:
2332:
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2327:
2325:
2324:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2303:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2288:
2286:
2282:
2281:HIV infection
2278:
2274:
2270:
2269:public health
2265:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2249:
2243:
2233:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2210:
2207:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2163:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2142:
2138:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2121:
2116:
2109:
2103:
2093:
2091:
2086:
2082:
2079:In 2004, the
2072:
2070:
2065:
2063:
2060:About 90% of
2058:
2055:
2051:
2046:
2038:
2031:
2030:incarceration
2026:
2021:
2014:United States
2006:
2002:
1998:
1996:
1992:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1959:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1930:
1928:
1924:
1917:
1915:
1909:
1904:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1889:
1886:
1874:
1870:
1869:International
1867:
1865:
1861:
1860:United States
1858:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1823:
1822:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1728:
1727:
1723:
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1717:
1714:
1712:
1708:
1707:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1695:
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1679:
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1664:
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1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1617:
1613:
1605:
1601:
1600:methcathinone
1597:
1594:(Dexedrine),
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1578:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1557:
1556:hydromorphone
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1518:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1492:hallucinogens
1490:
1487:
1483:
1482:phencyclidine
1479:
1478:dissociatives
1475:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1455:
1454:flunitrazepam
1451:
1447:
1443:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1431:pentobarbital
1428:
1424:
1423:
1422:
1412:
1409:February 2022
1402:
1398:
1393:
1389:
1386:This section
1384:
1380:
1375:
1374:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1357:(WHO) of the
1356:
1352:
1347:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1308:Manuel Zelaya
1305:
1297:
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1158:
1152:
1142:
1139:
1135:
1130:
1128:
1124:
1121:, called the
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1091:Richard Nixon
1087:
1085:
1080:
1076:
1073:in 1961, the
1072:
1068:
1063:
1059:
1051:
1047:
1046:Opium poppies
1043:
1035:
1030:
1020:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1006:
999:
989:
987:
983:
977:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
954:Supreme Court
951:
947:
943:
939:
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928:
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918:
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909:
905:
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881:
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873:
869:
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861:
857:
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849:
839:
837:
833:
829:
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813:
809:
805:
800:
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786:
782:
778:
774:
769:
765:
763:
762:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
724:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
701:
699:
698:Griffith John
695:
691:
687:
683:
680:
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668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
644:
640:
636:
627:
625:
620:
618:
614:
609:
605:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
581:San Francisco
577:
573:
571:
567:
563:
559:
551:
547:
546:
541:
532:
530:
526:
522:
519:ordering the
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
493:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
466:Ramathibodi I
461:
459:
455:
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447:
443:
439:
438:
433:
429:
425:
417:
413:
408:
404:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
381:illegal drugs
377:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
350:
345:
344:
339:
331:
327:
323:
314:
312:
307:
303:
293:
290:
286:
285:Nitrous oxide
281:
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184:
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163:to control a
162:
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126:
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118:
114:
110:
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101:
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89:
84:
80:
74:
72:
68:
67:religious law
64:
60:
52:
47:
43:
40:
33:
19:
9153:Lifetime use
8955:Liquor store
8873:South Africa
8503:War on drugs
8329:Soviet Union
8205:Legalization
8043:Drug tourism
7891:Wine tasting
7811:Beer culture
7773:Coffee break
7710:Cannabis tea
7645:Drug culture
7488:Cannabinoids
7417:Salvinorin A
7383:amyl nitrite
7240:Psychedelics
6992:/paracetamol
6905:Desomorphine
6745:Barbiturates
6645:Solicitation
6580:Prostitution
6570:Masturbation
6401:Lèse-majesté
6390:Against the
6185:Embezzlement
6074:Manslaughter
6059:Intimidation
5897:jurisdiction
5894:
5833:
5518:Pence (Mike)
5513:Pence (Greg)
5202:Gender roles
5083:Harry Browne
5064:
5048:
5039:War on drugs
5028:
5019:War on drugs
4901:
4891:
4887:, June 2005.
4884:
4834:
4807:
4789:
4774:
4759:
4744:
4729:
4676:
4672:
4666:
4621:
4617:
4607:
4570:
4566:
4556:
4511:
4507:
4493:
4448:
4444:
4420:
4416:
4407:
4395:. Retrieved
4391:the original
4380:
4368:. Retrieved
4364:the original
4354:
4342:. Retrieved
4338:the original
4328:
4316:. Retrieved
4312:
4302:
4290:. Retrieved
4286:
4276:
4264:. Retrieved
4260:the original
4249:
4237:. Retrieved
4227:
4215:. Retrieved
4211:
4201:
4189:. Retrieved
4185:
4175:
4163:. Retrieved
4159:
4149:
4137:. Retrieved
4133:
4120:
4110:December 25,
4108:. Retrieved
4103:
4094:
4082:. Retrieved
4078:
4068:
4056:. Retrieved
4052:
4042:
4027:
4022:
4010:. Retrieved
4005:
3996:
3984:. Retrieved
3980:
3971:
3962:
3952:
3941:
3933:
3928:
3920:
3915:
3903:
3893:November 25,
3891:. Retrieved
3887:
3877:
3865:
3852:
3840:
3828:
3809:
3803:
3795:
3791:
3782:
3777:
3768:
3763:
3747:
3742:
3726:
3721:
3704:
3695:
3690:
3674:
3669:
3655:
3630:
3626:
3620:
3612:
3604:
3592:
3580:
3568:
3558:February 28,
3556:. Retrieved
3552:the original
3542:
3533:
3528:
3495:
3491:
3478:
3469:
3464:
3455:
3412:
3406:
3395:
3372:
3366:WFAD members
3361:
3349:
3336:
3325:
3314:
3306:
3297:
3289:
3285:
3259:. Retrieved
3248:
3236:. Retrieved
3232:the original
3221:
3199:(2): 70–75.
3196:
3192:
3186:
3178:the original
3167:
3157:December 17,
3155:. Retrieved
3146:
3136:
3132:
3124:
3120:
3095:
3091:
3078:
3058:
3051:
3042:
3023:
3016:
3000:
2995:
2979:
2974:
2958:
2953:
2936:
2931:
2919:. Retrieved
2903:
2877:
2865:. Retrieved
2855:
2843:
2831:
2820:, retrieved
2809:
2800:
2792:the original
2786:
2779:
2767:
2742:
2738:
2725:
2706:
2700:
2688:. Retrieved
2684:the original
2673:
2654:
2648:
2638:February 13,
2636:. Retrieved
2626:
2616:February 13,
2614:. Retrieved
2610:the original
2600:
2573:
2569:
2563:
2551:. Retrieved
2547:the original
2532:
2523:
2488:
2484:
2474:
2457:
2450:
2385:US specific:
2384:
2383:
2379:War on Drugs
2321:
2289:
2266:
2251:
2216:
2208:
2169:
2148:
2139:
2135:
2132:in Amsterdam
2115:Coffee shops
2111:
2078:
2066:
2059:
2050:War on Drugs
2047:
2043:
2003:
1999:
1980:black market
1965:
1938:In 2013 the
1937:
1919:
1914:Noam Chomsky
1911:
1906:
1892:
1890:
1882:
1868:
1859:
1846:
1836:
1830:
1819:
1814:South Africa
1813:
1804:
1795:
1786:
1777:
1771:
1762:
1753:
1744:
1735:
1724:
1715:
1704:
1696:
1687:
1668:
1665:
1621:dry counties
1609:
1590:(Adderall),
1574:methaqualone
1435:secobarbital
1433:(Nembutal),
1427:barbiturates
1419:
1406:
1397:You can help
1387:
1364:
1348:
1301:
1296:South Africa
1276:
1265:
1253:
1244:
1239:
1223:conservatism
1200:
1176:
1131:
1088:
1055:
1029:War on Drugs
1023:War on Drugs
1012:a referendum
1009:
1001:
978:
965:
961:
957:
938:Harrison Act
935:
919:
912:
868:prostitution
864:Army Council
845:
825:
819:
806:in 1909. An
801:
793:Arthur Pease
790:
772:
759:
751:
747:
743:
731:
725:
702:
682:missionaries
648:
624:menstruation
621:
610:
606:
578:
574:
555:
543:
494:
462:
458:coffeehouses
435:
421:
391:of medieval
387:, classical
378:
347:
341:
335:
311:War on Drugs
302:psychoactive
299:
289:laughing gas
288:
282:
277:
267:
252:
243:
239:
231:
203:
196:prohibition,
195:
191:
190:
102:
95:
83:amphetamines
79:prescription
75:
58:
56:
42:
9209:Drug policy
9160:Opiates use
9140:Cocaine use
8975:Issues with
8893:Switzerland
8878:South Korea
8848:Puerto Rico
8833:Philippines
8703:El Salvador
8613:Afghanistan
8349:Just Say No
8339:Switzerland
8314:Netherlands
8280:Drug policy
8210:Prohibition
8195:Drug policy
8188:State level
8033:Dance party
7944:Microdosing
7901:Psychedelia
7856:Oktoberfest
7778:Coffeehouse
7755:Stoner film
7446:Scopolamine
7176:Entactogens
7154:Theobromine
7017:Amphetamine
6943:Hydrocodone
6933:Diamorphine
6737:Depressants
6550:Fornication
6467:Obstruction
6447:Compounding
6255:Tax evasion
6004:Child abuse
5918:Misdemeanor
5811:Reactionary
5786:Culture war
5669:Eagle Forum
5578:Scarborough
5388:Falwell Jr.
5383:Falwell Sr.
5192:Familialism
5172:Culture war
4823:Healy, Gene
4679:: 223–228.
4423:: 82. 2020.
4217:January 16,
4191:January 16,
4165:January 16,
4139:October 11,
4084:January 28,
4058:January 16,
3981:www.cbp.gov
3633:(1): 9–24.
2745:(5): 1185.
2634:. Beliefnet
2411:DrugWarRant
2312:Alcohol law
2162:that year.
2152:party scene
1956:Home Office
1778:Philippines
1763:New Zealand
1754:Netherlands
1598:(Desoxyn),
1588:amphetamine
1560:oxymorphone
1548:hydrocodone
1519:("ecstasy")
1515:drugs like
1484:(PCP), and
1472:hashish oil
1439:amobarbital
1324:El Salvador
1109:introduced
1105:. In 1973,
1067:drug policy
1050:Afghanistan
1048:growing in
1010:In Sweden,
998:Prohibition
970:prosecution
931:Vietnam War
888:Home Office
856:moral panic
842:Prohibition
777:New Orleans
673:led by the
604:ingestion.
482:intoxicants
354:intoxicants
240:Prohibition
234:The use of
187:Definitions
167:adopted in
9188:Categories
9148:Annual use
8999:Dependence
8863:Seychelles
8768:Kyrgyzstan
8683:Costa Rica
8628:Bangladesh
8601:Drug trade
8570:production
8559:production
8478:Drug court
8364:California
8282:by country
8215:Regulation
7949:Smart shop
7934:Literature
7929:Experience
7876:Sports bar
7841:Happy hour
7806:Bartending
7577:Club drugs
7550:Oneirogens
7434:Deliriants
7314:Psilocybin
7137:Polacrilex
7107:Mephedrone
7009:Stimulants
6811:Hazardous
6755:Carbamates
6658:WikiSource
6640:Incitement
6635:Conspiracy
6510:Bestiality
6462:Misprision
6426:Subversion
6380:War crimes
6375:Usurpation
6302:Corruption
6180:Cybercrime
6064:Kidnapping
6044:Hate crime
6034:Harassment
6014:Defamation
5968:Law portal
5943:Corruption
5933:Indictable
5913:Infraction
5423:Hostettler
5308:Bozell III
5187:Euthanasia
5156:Gay agenda
5053:Tegenlicht
5033:Tegenlicht
4869:2008009151
4773:Dan Baum,
4036:0521598583
3934:Dopeworld.
3492:The Lancet
2464:. Forssa:
2442:References
2246:See also:
2130:Coffeeshop
2106:See also:
2083:adopted a
1962:Corruption
1944:mephedrone
1698:Bangladesh
1633:sacraments
1580:Stimulants
1576:(Quaalude)
1546:(Heroin),
1522:Among the
1508:psilocybin
1476:Among the
1458:alprazolam
1444:Among the
1425:Among the
1342:President
1340:Guatemalan
1334:President
1328:Costa Rica
1298:, May 2015
1270:The Lancet
1211:liberalism
1155:See also:
922:Mao Zedong
886:. c. 46).
876:immorality
679:Protestant
617:Aborigines
585:opium dens
497:Qing China
486:stimulants
442:intoxicant
304:and other
9144:Cannabis
8989:Addiction
8945:Beer shop
8928:Venezuela
8793:Mauritius
8623:Australia
8561:and trade
8488:Drug test
8289:Australia
8063:Nootropic
8048:Entheogen
8023:Club drug
7871:Sommelier
7866:Pub crawl
7851:Nightclub
7846:Hip flask
7783:Latte art
7720:Head shop
7590:Quaaludes
7358:Inhalants
7307:San Pedro
7292:Mescaline
7275:Ayahuasca
7248:Bufotenin
7193:Benzofury
7184:2C series
7164:Chocolate
7127:Modafinil
7117:Methylone
7090:Ephedrine
7061:Cathinone
7022:Arecoline
6987:Oxycodone
6958:Methadone
6792:Inhalants
6668:Wikiquote
6610:Voyeurism
6590:Pederasty
6575:Obscenity
6416:Secession
6411:Espionage
6370:Terrorism
6332:Smuggling
6270:Vandalism
6250:Smuggling
6190:Extortion
6165:Blackmail
6078:corporate
5884:Types of
5588:Schundler
5558:Robertson
5288:Brownback
5246:Advocates
5152:Anti-LGBT
4999:Jack Cole
4877:750831024
4701:207934973
4640:2044-6055
4530:0785-3890
4467:0140-6736
4397:April 13,
4344:March 10,
4318:March 10,
4292:March 10,
3439:154952733
2759:154123029
2578:CiteSeerX
2553:August 4,
2515:151655016
2507:1467-6478
2416:Gary Webb
2277:overdoses
2191:Bali Nine
2187:drug mule
2171:Indonesia
2166:Indonesia
2145:Australia
2120:Amsterdam
2009:Penalties
1988:President
1912:Linguist
1821:Singapore
1758:Opium Law
1688:Australia
1670:sin taxes
1651:, iboga (
1637:ayahuasca
1606:(Ritalin)
1566:Sedatives
1552:oxycodone
1524:narcotics
1500:mescaline
1450:temazepam
1401:talk page
1332:Colombian
1320:Guatemala
1292:Cape Town
1184:marijuana
1119:hard drug
1099:drug czar
956:ruled in
950:addiction
904:ecogonine
892:raw opium
812:The Hague
781:Louisiana
761:The Times
332:, a drug.
97:ipso jure
9128:drug use
9041:Overdose
8977:drug use
8903:Thailand
8888:Suriname
8868:Slovakia
8843:Portugal
8828:Paraguay
8788:Malaysia
8728:Honduras
8678:Colombia
8663:Cambodia
8384:Virginia
8374:Maryland
8369:Colorado
8324:Slovakia
8319:Portugal
7992:Smokeasy
7886:Wine bar
7788:Teahouse
7511:Hash oil
7442:Atropine
7400:Muscimol
7390:Ketamine
7353:Glaucine
7318:Psilocin
7132:Nicotine
7039:Caffeine
6999:Tramadol
6975:Morphine
6952:Dilaudid
6928:Fentanyl
6919:Darvocet
6909:Krokodil
6884:Suboxone
6823:Gasoline
6813:solvents
6796:Medical
6673:Wikinews
6530:Adultery
6500:Poaching
6436:Against
6421:Sedition
6365:Regicide
6317:Genocide
6292:Apostasy
6274:Mischief
6210:Gambling
6175:Burglary
6146:property
6144:Against
6128:Stabbing
6123:Stalking
6106:Homicide
6069:Menacing
6049:Homicide
5613:Tancredo
5583:Schlafly
5573:Santorum
5563:Robinson
5538:Phillips
5528:Peroutka
5488:McCarthy
5478:Limbaugh
5428:Huckabee
5403:Gingrich
5358:DeSantis
5313:Buchanan
5263:Bachmann
5258:Ashcroft
5075:Archived
5042:Archived
5022:Archived
4825:(2008).
4693:31698164
4658:32958480
4618:BMJ Open
4599:35792721
4548:35852299
4502:(2022).
4485:27021149
4370:June 23,
4266:March 6,
4239:March 6,
3753:Archived
3732:Archived
3680:Archived
3647:18029124
3512:17382831
3484:Nutt, D.
3380:Archived
3271:cite web
3213:40209806
3112:23567100
2838:, Ch. 10
2822:June 18,
2816:archived
2533:Homepage
2306:See also
1837:Thailand
1796:Portugal
1772:Pakistan
1676:monopoly
1661:ibogaine
1582:such as
1568:such as
1562:(Opana).
1542:such as
1532:morphine
1530:such as
1526:, it is
1494:such as
1486:ketamine
1464:Cannabis
1441:(Amytal)
1316:Colombia
1304:Honduras
1219:leftists
1107:New York
896:morphine
836:narcotic
721:Far East
653:and the
593:tincture
589:laudanum
517:Lin Zexu
507:and the
495:In late
474:Thailand
428:Murad IV
374:cannabis
255:Caffeine
236:medicine
230:or just
224:fentanyl
216:nicotine
212:caffeine
155:and the
61:through
8803:Nigeria
8798:Moldova
8718:Germany
8713:Finland
8708:Estonia
8648:Bolivia
8304:Germany
8103:Whoonga
7954:Therapy
7622:Poppers
7600:Ecstasy
7585:Cocaine
7533:APINACA
7523:JWH-018
7506:Hashish
7378:poppers
7214:Ecstasy
7147:Tobacco
7095:Ephedra
7073:Cocaine
6893:Codeine
6887:Subutex
6872:Opioids
6630:Attempt
6472:Perjury
6438:justice
6406:Treason
6349:smoking
6345:alcohol
6312:Dueling
6297:Begging
6245:Robbery
6225:Looting
6220:Larceny
6200:Forgery
6170:Bribery
6133:Torture
6118:Robbery
6076: (
6029:Frameup
5999:Battery
5994:Assault
5928:Summary
5906:Classes
5764:Related
5638:Uihlein
5608:Stuckey
5603:Stenzel
5598:Shapiro
5568:Ruzicka
5548:Raichik
5523:Perkins
5508:Parsley
5463:Knowles
5443:Kennedy
5433:Johnson
5408:Gohmert
5378:D'Souza
5373:Donohue
5323:Carlson
5318:Cameron
5298:Boebert
5283:Bennett
5268:Baldwin
4833:(ed.).
4649:7507857
4590:9262358
4539:9302017
4476:5042332
4313:The Age
4287:The Age
4212:The Age
4012:May 30,
3986:May 30,
3520:5903121
3261:June 8,
2969:, p. 30
2921:May 25,
2203:ecstasy
2156:Liberal
1927:whiskey
1805:Ireland
1736:Germany
1726:Estonia
1584:cocaine
1540:opioids
1536:codeine
1528:opiates
1468:hashish
1460:(Xanax)
1312:cocaine
1101:to the
958:Doremus
942:opiates
900:cocaine
709:Liberal
671:Quakers
597:panacea
570:poppies
478:Rama IV
422:In the
389:jurists
338:alcohol
326:Huichol
296:History
179:). The
117:tobacco
113:alcohol
105:alcohol
8908:Turkey
8898:Taiwan
8853:Russia
8838:Poland
8818:Panama
8808:Norway
8783:Latvia
8763:Kosovo
8693:Cyprus
8653:Brazil
8643:Bhutan
8633:Belize
8379:Oregon
8334:Sweden
8294:Canada
8053:Hippie
7987:Loosie
7456:Datura
7302:Peyote
7287:LSD-25
7044:Coffee
6968:Kratom
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