Apollo program - Knowledge

2172:(LM) was designed to descend from lunar orbit to land two astronauts on the Moon and take them back to orbit to rendezvous with the command module. Not designed to fly through the Earth's atmosphere or return to Earth, its fuselage was designed totally without aerodynamic considerations and was of an extremely lightweight construction. It consisted of separate descent and ascent stages, each with its own engine. The descent stage contained storage for the descent propellant, surface stay consumables, and surface exploration equipment. The ascent stage contained the crew cabin, ascent propellant, and a reaction control system. The initial LM model weighed approximately 33,300 pounds (15,100 kg), and allowed surface stays up to around 34 hours. An extended lunar module weighed over 36,200 pounds (16,400 kg), and allowed surface stays of more than three days. The contract for design and construction of the lunar module was awarded to 1382: 3306: 3499: 2701: 2682: 1359:" that he and many other senators said had developed between the Soviet Union and the United States due to the inaction of President Eisenhower. Beyond military power, Kennedy used aerospace technology as a symbol of national prestige, pledging to make the US not "first but, first and, first if, but first period". Despite Kennedy's rhetoric, he did not immediately come to a decision on the status of the Apollo program once he became president. He knew little about the technical details of the space program, and was put off by the massive financial commitment required by a crewed Moon landing. When Kennedy's newly appointed NASA Administrator 1527: 2046: 2663: 2955: 2642: 2598: 3143: 1988: 2621: 2783: 2824: 3274:(AS-204) was the first uncrewed test flight of the LM in Earth orbit, launched from pad 37 on January 22, 1968, by the Saturn IB that would have been used for Apollo 1. The LM engines were successfully test-fired and restarted, despite a computer programming error which cut short the first descent stage firing. The ascent engine was fired in abort mode, known as a "fire-in-the-hole" test, where it was lit simultaneously with jettison of the descent stage. Although Grumman wanted a second uncrewed test, George Low decided the next LM flight would be crewed. 2456: 4821:, while orbiting 50 kilometers (31 mi) above the Moon, photographed the remnants of the Apollo program left on the lunar surface, and each site where crewed Apollo flights landed. All of the U.S. flags left on the Moon during the Apollo missions were found to still be standing, with the exception of the one left during the Apollo 11 mission, which was blown over during that mission's lift-off from the lunar surface; the degree to which these flags retain their original colors remains unknown. The flags cannot be seen through a telescope from Earth. 2836: 2722: 2858: 2420: 2145: 5373: 1087: 1781: 2739: 345: 4485: 3664: 2812: 1110: 4938: 5390: 3569:. But two days out, a liquid oxygen tank exploded, disabling the service module and forcing the crew to use the LM as a "lifeboat" to return to Earth. Another NASA review board was convened to determine the cause, which turned out to be a combination of damage of the tank in the factory, and a subcontractor not making a tank component according to updated design specifications. Apollo was grounded again, for the remainder of 1970 while the oxygen tank was redesigned and an extra one was added. 21891: 2795: 2755: 4469: 2008:

design began of a command and service module (CSM) in which the crew would spend the entire direct-ascent mission and lift off from the lunar surface for the return trip, after being soft-landed by a larger landing propulsion module. The final choice of lunar orbit rendezvous changed the CSM's role to the translunar ferry used to transport the crew, along with a new spacecraft, the Lunar Excursion Module (LEM, later shortened to LM (Lunar Module) but still pronounced

1638: 4793: 3285:, a problem caused by non-steady engine combustion, which damaged fuel lines in the second and third stages. Two S-II engines shut down prematurely, but the remaining engines were able to compensate. The damage to the third stage engine was more severe, preventing it from restarting for trans-lunar injection. Mission controllers were able to use the service module engine to essentially repeat the flight profile of Apollo 4. Based on the good performance of Apollo 11500: 1406:, asking Johnson to look into the status of America's space program, and into programs that could offer NASA the opportunity to catch up. Johnson responded approximately one week later, concluding that "we are neither making maximum effort nor achieving results necessary if this country is to reach a position of leadership." His memo concluded that a crewed Moon landing was far enough in the future that it was likely the United States would achieve it first. 21855: 21819: 19508: 16363: 15071: 12762: 1796: 3550: 3384: 2189: 2771: 2087: 21865: 19519: 2301: 40: 2700: 21927: 15228: 2513: 3117: 21903: 2405:) of thrust. A restartable version of the S-IVB was used as the third stage of the Saturn V. The Saturn IB could send over 40,000 pounds (18,100 kg) into low Earth orbit, sufficient for a partially fueled CSM or the LM. Saturn IB launch vehicles and flights were designated with an AS-200 series number, "AS" indicating "Apollo Saturn" and the "2" indicating the second member of the Saturn rocket family. 15083: 21939: 21915: 4900:(ICs). By 1963, Apollo was using 60 percent of the United States' production of ICs. The crucial difference between the requirements of Apollo and the missile programs was Apollo's much greater need for reliability. While the Navy and Air Force could work around reliability problems by deploying more missiles, the political and financial cost of failure of an Apollo mission was unacceptably high. 340: 4835:

wistfulness is caused by the sense of simple grandeur in those Apollo missions. Perhaps, too, it's a reminder of the risk we all felt after the Eagle had landed—the possibility that it might be unable to lift off again and the astronauts would be stranded on the Moon. But it may also be that a photograph like this one is as close as we're able to come to looking directly back into the human past

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the thrust required for translunar flight. Also, there was no provision for docking with the lunar module. A 1964 program definition study concluded that the initial design should be continued as Block I which would be used for early testing, while Block II, the actual lunar spacecraft, would incorporate the docking equipment and take advantage of the lessons learned in Block I development.

13255: 9795: 1529: 1564:... We choose to go to the Moon. We choose to go to the Moon in this decade and do the other things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard; because that goal will serve to organize and measure the best of our energies and skills; because that challenge is one that we are willing to accept, one we are unwilling to postpone, and one we intend to win 1530: 3139:

countdown. During this hold, an electrical fire began in the cabin and spread quickly in the high pressure, 100% oxygen atmosphere. Pressure rose high enough from the fire that the cabin inner wall burst, allowing the fire to erupt onto the pad area and frustrating attempts to rescue the crew. The astronauts were asphyxiated before the hatch could be opened.

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payload capacity of the Saturn V. These final missions would combine the I and J types in the 1967 list, allowing the CMP to operate a package of lunar orbital sensors and cameras while his companions were on the surface, and allowing them to stay on the Moon for over three days. These missions would also carry the

4765:, it was assembled on the ground rather than in space, and launched in 1973 using the two lower stages of a Saturn V. It was equipped with an Apollo Telescope Mount. Skylab's last crew departed the station on February 8, 1974, and the station itself re-entered the atmosphere in 1979 after development of the 1916:, who had expressed his opposition to human spaceflight to Kennedy before the President took office, and had opposed the decision to land people on the Moon, hired Golovin, who had left NASA, to chair his own "Space Vehicle Panel", ostensibly to monitor, but actually to second-guess NASA's decisions on the 4719:

Accurate estimates of human spaceflight costs were difficult in the early 1960s, as the capability was new and management experience was lacking. Preliminary cost analysis by NASA estimated $ 7 billion – $ 12 billion for a crewed lunar landing effort. NASA Administrator James Webb increased

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The spacecraft would be launched as a unit and travel directly to the lunar surface, without first going into lunar orbit. A 50,000-pound (23,000 kg) Earth return ship would land all three astronauts atop a 113,000-pound (51,000 kg) descent propulsion stage, which would be left on the Moon.

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Overall, the Apollo program returned 842 pounds (382 kg) of lunar rocks and soil to Earth, greatly contributing to the understanding of the Moon's composition and geological history. The program laid the foundation for NASA's subsequent human spaceflight capability and funded construction of its

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About the time of the first landing in 1969, it was decided to use an existing Saturn V to launch the Skylab orbital laboratory pre-built on the ground, replacing the original plan to construct it in orbit from several Saturn IB launches; this eliminated Apollo 20. NASA's yearly budget also began to

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NASA immediately convened an accident review board, overseen by both houses of Congress. While the determination of responsibility for the accident was complex, the review board concluded that "deficiencies existed in command module design, workmanship and quality control". At the insistence of NASA

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The spacecraft for the AS-202 and AS-204 missions were delivered by North American Aviation to the Kennedy Space Center with long lists of equipment problems which had to be corrected before flight; these delays caused the launch of AS-202 to slip behind AS-203, and eliminated hopes the first crewed

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antenna was used for long-distance communications on the lunar flights. On the extended lunar missions, an orbital scientific instrument package was carried. The service module was discarded just before reentry. The module was 24.6 feet (7.5 m) long and 12.83 feet (3.91 m) in diameter. The

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to be used in the Apollo program, represented a turning point in NASA's mission mode decision. This committee recognized that the chosen mode was an important part of the launch vehicle choice, and recommended in favor of a hybrid EOR-LOR mode. Its consideration of LOR—as well as Houbolt's ceaseless

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agreed to loan Phillips to NASA, along with a staff of officers under him, on the condition that Phillips be made Apollo Program Director. Mueller agreed, and Phillips managed Apollo from January 1964, until it achieved the first human landing in July 1969, after which he returned to Air Force duty.

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The contracted batch of 15 Saturn Vs was enough for lunar landing missions through Apollo 20. Shortly after Apollo 11, NASA publicized a preliminary list of eight more planned landing sites after Apollo 12, with plans to increase the mass of the CSM and LM for the last five missions, along with the

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The Apollo astronauts were chosen from the Project Mercury and Gemini veterans, plus from two later astronaut groups. All missions were commanded by Gemini or Mercury veterans. Crews on all development flights (except the Earth orbit CSM development flights) through the first two landings on Apollo

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In September 1962, NASA planned to launch four crewed CSM flights on the Saturn I from late 1965 through 1966, concurrent with Project Gemini. The 22,500-pound (10,200 kg) payload capacity would have severely limited the systems which could be included, so the decision was made in October 1963

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Faget's preliminary Apollo design employed a cone-shaped command module, supported by one of several service modules providing propulsion and electrical power, sized appropriately for the space station, cislunar, and lunar landing missions. Once Kennedy's Moon landing goal became official, detailed

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Project Apollo was a massive undertaking, representing the largest research and development project in peacetime. At its peak, it employed over 400,000 employees and contractors around the country and accounted for more than half of NASA's total spending in the 1960s. After the first Moon landing,

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To remedy the causes of the fire, changes were made in the Block II spacecraft and operational procedures, the most important of which were use of a nitrogen/oxygen mixture instead of pure oxygen before and during launch, and removal of flammable cabin and space suit materials. The Block II design

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After an uncrewed LM test flight AS-206, a crew would fly the first Block II CSM and LM in a dual mission known as AS-207/208, or AS-278 (each spacecraft would be launched on a separate Saturn IB). The Block II crew positions were titled Commander, Command Module Pilot, and Lunar Module Pilot. The

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launched from pad 37, went into orbit to support design of the S-IVB upper stage restart capability needed for the Saturn V. It carried a nose cone instead of the Apollo spacecraft, and its payload was the unburned liquid hydrogen fuel, the behavior of which engineers measured with temperature and

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won the contract to build the CSM, and also the second stage of the Saturn V launch vehicle for NASA. Because the CSM design was started early before the selection of lunar orbit rendezvous, the service propulsion engine was sized to lift the CSM off the Moon, and thus was oversized to about twice

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at Langley Research Center emphasized the important weight reductions that were offered by the LOR approach. Throughout 1960 and 1961, Houbolt campaigned for the recognition of LOR as a viable and practical option. Bypassing the NASA hierarchy, he sent a series of memos and reports on the issue to

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for a high management job. Mueller accepted, on the condition that he have a say in NASA reorganization necessary to effectively administer Apollo. Webb then worked with Associate Administrator (later Deputy Administrator) Seamans to reorganize the Office of Manned Space Flight (OMSF). On July 23,

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Landing humans on the Moon by the end of 1969 required the most sudden burst of technological creativity, and the largest commitment of resources ($ 25 billion; $ 182 billion in 2023 US dollars) ever made by any nation in peacetime. At its peak, the Apollo program employed 400,000 people

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I believe that this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth. No single space project in this period will be more impressive to mankind, or more important in the long-range exploration of space;

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here's something terribly wistful about these photographs of the Apollo landing sites. The detail is such that if Neil Armstrong were walking there now, we could make him out, make out his footsteps even, like the astronaut footpath clearly visible in the photos of the Apollo 14 site. Perhaps the

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series. In the midst of these plans, von Braun was transferred from the Army to NASA and was made Director of the Marshall Space Flight Center. The initial direct ascent plan to send the three-person Apollo command and service module directly to the lunar surface, on top of a large descent rocket

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spacecraft which was flown by two astronauts to the surface, flown back to dock with the command module and was then discarded. Landing the smaller spacecraft on the Moon, and returning an even smaller part (10,042 pounds or 4,555 kilograms) to lunar orbit, minimized the total mass to be launched

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With the clear goal of a crewed landing replacing the more nebulous goals of space stations and circumlunar flights, NASA decided that, in order to make progress quickly, it would discard the feasibility study designs of Convair, GE, and Martin, and proceed with Faget's command and service module

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At the time of Kennedy's proposal, only one American had flown in space—less than a month earlier—and NASA had not yet sent an astronaut into orbit. Even some NASA employees doubted whether Kennedy's ambitious goal could be met. By 1963, Kennedy even came close to agreeing to a joint US-USSR Moon

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which had to be successfully accomplished in order to achieve the crewed lunar landing. Each step had to be successfully accomplished before the next ones could be performed, and it was unknown how many tries of each mission would be necessary; therefore letters were used instead of numbers. The

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Thirty-two astronauts were assigned to fly missions in the Apollo program. Twenty-four of these left Earth's orbit and flew around the Moon between December 1968 and December 1972 (three of them twice). Half of the 24 walked on the Moon's surface, though none of them returned to it after landing

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Prior to Apollo 11's 40th anniversary in 2009, NASA searched for the original videotapes of the mission's live televised moonwalk. After an exhaustive three-year search, it was concluded that the tapes had probably been erased and reused. A new digitally remastered version of the best available

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1 as a motivational focus on the first crewed flight. They trained and conducted tests of their spacecraft at North American, and in the altitude chamber at the Kennedy Space Center. A "plugs-out" test was planned for January, which would simulate a launch countdown on LC-34 with the spacecraft

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In December 1966, the AS-205 mission was canceled, since the validation of the CSM would be accomplished on the 14-day first flight, and AS-205 would have been devoted to space experiments and contribute no new engineering knowledge about the spacecraft. Its Saturn IB was allocated to the dual

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The plugs-out test began on the morning of January 27, 1967, and immediately was plagued with problems. First, the crew noticed a strange odor in their spacesuits which delayed the sealing of the hatch. Then, communications problems frustrated the astronauts and forced a hold in the simulated

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Saturn V launch vehicles and flights were designated with an AS-500 series number, "AS" indicating "Apollo Saturn" and the "5" indicating Saturn V. The three-stage Saturn V was designed to send a fully fueled CSM and LM to the Moon. It was 33 feet (10.1 m) in diameter and stood 363 feet

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first stage burned RP-1/LOX for a rated thrust of 7,500,000 pounds-force (33,400 kN), which was upgraded to 7,610,000 pounds-force (33,900 kN). The second and third stages burned liquid hydrogen; the third stage was a modified version of the S-IVB, with thrust increased to 230,000

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Once Kennedy had defined a goal, the Apollo mission planners were faced with the challenge of designing a spacecraft that could meet it while minimizing risk to human life, limiting cost, and not exceeding limits in possible technology and astronaut skill. Four possible mission modes were

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Uncrewed, second flight of Saturn V, attempted demonstration of trans-lunar injection, and direct-return abort using SM engine; three engine failures, including failure of S-IVB restart. Flight controllers used SM engine to repeat Apollo 4's flight profile. Human-rated the Saturn V.

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Starting with Apollo 13, descent orbit insertion was to be performed using the service module engine instead of the LM engine, in order to allow a greater fuel reserve for landing. This was actually done for the first time on Apollo 14, since the Apollo 13 mission was aborted before

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Two spacecraft would be launched in succession. The first, an automated vehicle carrying propellant for the return to Earth, would land on the Moon, to be followed some time later by the crewed vehicle. Propellant would have to be transferred from the automated vehicle to the crewed

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Two crewed orbital Block I CSM missions were planned: AS-204 and AS-205. The Block I crew positions were titled Command Pilot, Senior Pilot, and Pilot. The Senior Pilot would assume navigation duties, while the Pilot would function as a systems engineer. The astronauts would wear

3281:(AS-502) which carried a CSM and a LM Test Article as ballast. The intent of this mission was to achieve trans-lunar injection, followed closely by a simulated direct-return abort, using the service module engine to achieve another high-speed reentry. The Saturn V experienced 2924:

on the Moon, the jettisoned LM ascent stages on Apollo 12 and later missions were deliberately crashed on the Moon at known locations to induce vibrations in the Moon's structure. The only exceptions to this were the Apollo 13 LM which burned up in the Earth's atmosphere, and

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hours, 31 minutes outside the spacecraft, walking on the surface, taking photographs, collecting material samples, and deploying automated scientific instruments, while continuously sending black-and-white television back to Earth. The astronauts returned safely on July 24.

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After a rest period, the commander (CDR) and lunar module pilot (LMP) move to the LM, power up its systems, and deploy the landing gear. The CSM and LM separate; the CMP visually inspects the LM, then the LM crew move a safe distance away and fire the descent engine for

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design. The mission module was determined to be useful only as an extra room, and therefore unnecessary. They used Faget's design as the specification for another competition for spacecraft procurement bids in October 1961. On November 28, 1961, it was announced that

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The LOR method had the advantage of allowing the lander spacecraft to be used as a "lifeboat" in the event of a failure of the command ship. Some documents prove this theory was discussed before and after the method was chosen. In 1964 an MSC study concluded, "The

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work—played an important role in publicizing the workability of the approach. In late 1961 and early 1962, members of the Manned Spacecraft Center began to come around to support LOR, including the newly hired deputy director of the Office of Manned Space Flight,

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public and political interest waned, including that of President Nixon, who wanted to rein in federal spending. NASA's budget could not sustain Apollo missions which cost, on average, $ 445 million ($ 2.66 billion adjusted) each while simultaneously

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one day after Gagarin's flight, many congressmen pledged their support for a crash program aimed at ensuring that America would catch up. Kennedy was circumspect in his response to the news, refusing to make a commitment on America's response to the Soviets.

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The spacecraft passes about 60 nautical miles (110 km) behind the Moon, and the SM engine is fired to slow the spacecraft and put it into a 60-by-170-nautical-mile (110 by 310 km) orbit, which is soon circularized at 60 nautical miles by a second

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stage, would require a Nova-class launcher, with a lunar payload capability of over 180,000 pounds (82,000 kg). The June 11, 1962, decision to use lunar orbit rendezvous enabled the Saturn V to replace the Nova, and the MSFC proceeded to develop the

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In September 1962, by which time two Project Mercury astronauts had orbited the Earth, Gilruth had moved his organization to rented space in Houston, and construction of the MSC facility was under way, Kennedy visited Rice to reiterate his challenge in

1224:, who later said, "I was naming the spacecraft like I'd name my baby." Silverstein chose the name at home one evening, early in 1960, because he felt "Apollo riding his chariot across the Sun was appropriate to the grand scale of the proposed program". 1531: 3720:. Schmitt was originally scheduled for Apollo 18, but the lunar geological community lobbied for his inclusion on the final lunar landing. Cernan and Schmitt stayed on the surface for just over three days and spent just over 23 hours of total EVA. 2620: 3267:

I CSM on November 9, 1967. The capability of the command module's heat shield to survive a trans-lunar reentry was demonstrated by using the service module engine to ram it into the atmosphere at higher than the usual Earth-orbital reentry speed.

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on August 25, reached 617.1 nautical miles (1,142.9 km) altitude and was recovered 13,900 nautical miles (25,700 km) downrange in the Pacific Ocean. These flights validated the service module engine and the command module heat shield.

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mission to the next mission in March 1969, and eliminating the E mission. This would keep the program on track. The Soviet Union had sent two tortoises, mealworms, wine flies, and other lifeforms around the Moon on September 15, 1968, aboard

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NASA never volunteered the tiger team findings to the US Congress in the course of its regular oversight, but its existence was publicly disclosed as "the Phillips report" in the course of the Senate investigation into the Apollo 204 fire.

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The first four Saturn I test flights were launched from LC-34, with only the first stage live, carrying dummy upper stages filled with water. The first flight with a live S-IV was launched from LC-37. This was followed by five launches of

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V instead of two Saturn IBs. In the summer it had become clear that the LM would not be ready in time. Rather than waste the Saturn V on another simple Earth-orbiting mission, ASPO Manager George Low suggested the bold step of sending

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The Apollo program has been described as the greatest technological achievement in human history. Apollo stimulated many areas of technology, leading to over 1,800 spinoff products as of 2015, including advances in the development of

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Without NASA's adoption of this stubbornly held minority opinion in 1962, the United States may still have reached the Moon, but almost certainly it would not have been accomplished by the end of the 1960s, President Kennedy's target

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initial lunar flight version weighed approximately 51,300 pounds (23,300 kg) fully fueled, while a later version designed to carry a lunar orbit scientific instrument package weighed just over 54,000 pounds (24,000 kg).

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landing had to be aborted after an oxygen tank exploded en route to the Moon, crippling the CSM. The crew barely managed a safe return to Earth by using the lunar module as a "lifeboat" on the return journey. Apollo used the

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impact craters, which is never seen on Earth rocks, due to the thick atmosphere. Many show signs of being subjected to high-pressure shock waves that are generated during impact events. Some of the returned samples are of

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Since Apollo, like Mercury, used more than one launch vehicle for space missions, NASA used spacecraft-launch vehicle combination series numbers: AS-10x for Saturn I, AS-20x for Saturn IB, and AS-50x for Saturn V (compare

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transferring from pad-supplied to internal power. If successful, this would be followed by a more rigorous countdown simulation test closer to the February 21 launch, with both spacecraft and launch vehicle fueled.

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Now it is time to take longer strides—time for a great new American enterprise—time for this nation to take a clearly leading role in space achievement, which in many ways may hold the key to our future on Earth.

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V flights. Crew members would also exclusively wear modified, fire-resistant A7L Block II space suits, and would be designated by the Block II titles, regardless of whether a LM was present on the flight or not.

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launch vehicle and LOR by forcing Shea, Seamans, and even Webb to defend themselves, delaying its formal announcement to the press on July 11, 1962, and forcing Webb to still hedge the decision as "tentative".

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mission, now redesignated AS-205/208 or AS-258, planned for August 1967. McDivitt, Scott and Schweickart were promoted to the prime AS-258 crew, and Schirra, Eisele and Cunningham were reassigned as the Apollo

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to candidate Lunar Excursion Module (LEM) contractors. Wiesner finally relented, unwilling to settle the dispute once and for all in Kennedy's office, because of the President's involvement with the October

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path. Parachutes were carried to slow its descent to splashdown. The module was 11.42 feet (3.48 m) tall, 12.83 feet (3.91 m) in diameter, and weighed approximately 12,250 pounds (5,560 kg).

3041:, and had to undergo surgery on January 27. Slayton replaced him with Chaffee. NASA announced the final crew selection for AS-204 on March 21, 1966, with the backup crew consisting of Gemini veterans 6628:

Lovell writes, 'Naturally, I'm glad that view didn't prevail, and I'm thankful that by the time of Apollo 10, the first lunar mission carrying the LM, the LM as a lifeboat was again being discussed.'

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was discovered by Apollo 12, which has no known terrestrial counterpart. KREEP and the anorthositic samples have been used to infer that the outer portion of the Moon was once completely molten (see

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Using the Apollo 11 lunar lander's mass ratio of 22,667-pound (10,282 kg) descent stage to 10,042-pound (4,555 kg) ascent stage, scaled up to Nova's 163,000-pound (74,000 kg) payload.

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was released during a surge in environmentalism, and became a symbol of the environmental movement as a depiction of Earth's frailty, vulnerability, and isolation amid the vast expanse of space.

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The cutbacks forced mission planners to reassess the original planned landing sites in order to achieve the most effective geological sample and data collection from the remaining four missions.

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who became director of flight crew operations for the Gemini and Apollo programs, selected the first Apollo crew in January 1966, with Grissom as Command Pilot, White as Senior Pilot, and rookie

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The CMP docks the CSM with the LM, and pulls the complete spacecraft away from the S-IVB. The lunar voyage takes between two and three days. Midcourse corrections are made as necessary using the

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Associate Administrator Robert Seamans; while acknowledging that he spoke "somewhat as a voice in the wilderness", Houbolt pleaded that LOR should not be discounted in studies of the question.

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cabin fire killed the entire crew during a prelaunch test. After the first successful landing, sufficient flight hardware remained for nine follow-on landings with a plan for extended lunar

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film, in which Jürgen Voller, a NASA member and ex-Nazi involved with the Apollo program, wants to time travel. The New York City parade for the Apollo 11 crew is portrayed as a plot point.

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The problems with North American were severe enough in late 1965 to cause Manned Space Flight Administrator George Mueller to appoint program director Samuel Phillips to head a "

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mission might be ready to launch as soon as November 1966, concurrently with the last Gemini mission. Eventually, the planned AS-204 flight date was pushed to February 21, 1967.

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became the first person to fly in space, reinforcing American fears about being left behind in a technological competition with the Soviet Union. At a meeting of the US House

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On April 24, 1967, Mueller published an official Apollo mission numbering scheme, using sequential numbers for all flights, crewed or uncrewed. The sequence would start with

2583:'s orders during their flight. In October 2008, the NASA Administrator decided to award them the Distinguished Service Medals. For Schirra and Eisele, this was posthumously. 16286: 8403: 6476: 1766:, estimated the number of people and organizations involved into the Apollo program as "410,000 men and women at some 20,000 different companies contributed to the effort". 979: 10520: 4754:, which could be attached to the ascent stage of the lunar module via a rack. The most ambitious plan called for using an empty S-IVB as an interplanetary spacecraft for a 2432:(110.6 m) tall with its 96,800-pound (43,900 kg) lunar payload. Its capability grew to 103,600 pounds (47,000 kg) for the later advanced lunar landings. The 3503: 1973:

when an oxygen tank explosion left the CSM without electrical power. The lunar module provided propulsion, electrical power and life support to get the crew home safely.

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In early 1961, direct ascent was generally the mission mode in favor at NASA. Many engineers feared that rendezvous and docking, maneuvers that had not been attempted in

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pressure sensors, and a TV camera. This flight occurred on July 5, before AS-202, which was delayed because of problems getting the Apollo spacecraft ready for flight.

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had been planned to be the last of the H series missions, but since there would be only two subsequent missions left, it was changed to the first of three J missions.

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requested a 30 percent budget increase for his agency, Kennedy supported an acceleration of NASA's large booster program but deferred a decision on the broader issue.

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The CDR and LMP transfer back to the CM with their material samples, then the LM ascent stage is jettisoned, to eventually fall out of orbit and crash on the surface.

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Third landing attempt aborted in transit to the Moon, due to SM failure. Crew used LM as "lifeboat" to return to Earth. Mission labeled as a "successful failure".

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The success of the first two landings allowed the remaining missions to be crewed with a single veteran as commander, with two rookies. Apollo 13 launched Lovell,

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was also encountering problems with the Lunar Module, eliminating hopes it would be ready for crewed flight in 1967, not long after the first crewed CSM flights.

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Conrad and Bean carried the first lunar surface color television camera, but it was damaged when accidentally pointed into the Sun. They made two EVAs totaling 7

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As another active seismic experiment, the S-IVBs on Apollo 13 and subsequent missions were deliberately crashed on the Moon instead of being sent to solar orbit.

1515:, and Administrator Webb announced the conversion on September 19, 1961. It was also clear NASA would soon outgrow its practice of controlling missions from its 6559: 2961: 20944: 20763: 5372: 4439:. Rover on Moon. First geologist on the Moon. Apollo's last crewed Moon landing. Surface EVA time: 22:02 hr. Samples returned: 243.40 pounds (110.40 kg). 4072:

Second crewed flight of Saturn V; First crewed flight of CSM and LM in Earth orbit; demonstrated portable life support system to be used on the lunar surface.

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launched on February 26, reached an altitude of 265.7 nautical miles (492.1 km) and splashed down 4,577 nautical miles (8,477 km) downrange in the

12970: 4839:... There the lunar module sits, parked just where it landed 40 years ago, as if it still really were 40 years ago and all the time since merely imaginary. 3504: 3502: 2829:

Atmospheric drag slows the CM. Aerodynamic heating surrounds it with an envelope of ionized air which causes a communications blackout for several minutes.

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Based on his industry experience on Air Force missile projects, Mueller realized some skilled managers could be found among high-ranking officers in the

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Technologies and techniques required for Apollo were developed by Project Gemini. The Apollo project was enabled by NASA's adoption of new advances in

3104:, with a strongly worded letter by Mueller, and also gave a presentation of the results to Mueller and Deputy Administrator Robert Seamans. Meanwhile, 1607: 239: 6107: 4602:, and mission operations. The cost of constructing and operating Apollo-related ground facilities, such as the NASA human spaceflight centers and the 3690:, and spent just under two days, 19 hours on the surface. In over 18 hours of EVA, they collected about 77 kilograms (170 lb) of lunar material. 2236:) to designate and plan all missions, rather than numbering them sequentially as in Project Gemini. This was changed by the time human flights began. 21822: 16279: 14956: 12322: 7509: 6380: 5746: 972: 9618: 2254:(LES) in case of a launch failure, a relatively small rocket was required for qualification flight testing of this system. A rocket bigger than the 1712:

realized that in order to keep Apollo costs under control, he had to develop greater project management skills in his organization, so he recruited

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first stage increased the thrust to 1,600,000 pounds-force (7,120 kN) by uprating the H-1 engine. The second stage replaced the S-IV with the

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Before the Apollo program began, Wernher von Braun and his team of rocket engineers had started work on plans for very large launch vehicles, the

20939: 20757: 20652: 20190: 13940: 6644: 5840:(Motion picture (excerpt)). Boston, MA: John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum. Accession number: TNC:200; digital identifier: TNC-200-2 5647: 2960: 1520: 831: 5741: 5637: 3907:

First test flight of Saturn V, placed a CSM in a high Earth orbit; demonstrated S-IVB restart; qualified CM heat shield to lunar reentry speed.

3310: 21074: 19653: 11953: 5088: 3100:" to investigate North American's problems and identify corrections. Phillips documented his findings in a December 19 letter to NAA president 2794: 1966: 7272: 4742:

Looking beyond the crewed lunar landings, NASA investigated several post-lunar applications for Apollo hardware. The Apollo Extension Series (

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1963, Webb announced Mueller's appointment as Deputy Associate Administrator for Manned Space Flight, to replace then Associate Administrator

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could support only one astronaut on a limited Earth orbital mission, Apollo would carry three. Possible missions included ferrying crews to a

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The crew of Apollo 8 sent the first live televised pictures of the Earth and the Moon back to Earth, and read from the creation story in the

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The amount grows to $ 28 billion ($ 280 billion adjusted) if the costs for related projects such as Project Gemini and the robotic

3636:. This time the mission was successful. Shepard and Mitchell spent 33 hours and 31 minutes on the surface, and completed two EVAs totalling 9 2958: 1141:

exploration. Budget cuts forced the cancellation of three of these. Five of the remaining six missions achieved successful landings, but the

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program also used Apollo hardware for the first joint nation spaceflight, paving the way for future cooperation with other nations in the

2656:(SLA) panels separate to free the CSM and expose the LM. The command module pilot (CMP) moves the CSM out a safe distance, and turns 180°. 1897:

Seamans's establishment of an ad hoc committee headed by his special technical assistant Nicholas E. Golovin in July 1961, to recommend a

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and Apollo spacecraft were initially received prior to being mated to their launch vehicles. The Apollo spacecraft could be tested in two

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The Apollo program was conceived during the Eisenhower administration in early 1960, as a follow-up to Project Mercury. While the Mercury

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V flight AS-501 from late 1966 to November 1967. (The initial assembly of AS-501 had to use a dummy spacer spool in place of the stage.)

2672: 2063: 1455: 321: 10895:"Defending Hierarchy from the Moon to the Indian Ocean: Symbolic Capital and Political Dominance in Early Modern China and the Cold War" 3995:

First crewed Earth orbital demonstration of Block II CSM, launched on Saturn IB. First live television broadcast from a crewed mission.

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Saturn I, the first US heavy lift launch vehicle, was initially planned to launch partially equipped CSMs in low Earth orbit tests. The

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The new name, it was felt, would more readily encompass future as well as current programs and would not be tied to the Saturn booster.

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was the first crewed spacecraft to orbit another celestial body, and Apollo 11 was the first crewed spacecraft to land humans on one.

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Account of Deke Slayton's life as an astronaut and of his work as chief of the astronaut office, including selection of Apollo crews.

9040: 8297: 6134:"50—Statement About Signing a Bill Designating the Manned Spacecraft Center in Houston, Texas, as the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center" 1910: 824: 11244: 7694: 6220: 21346: 21258: 21244: 21103: 21054: 21007: 21002: 20949: 20899: 20844: 20347: 20212: 20024: 15853: 14732: 12605: 12580: 11800: 11419: 11211: 9159: 7130: 5540:

Preble, Christopher A. (2003). ""Who Ever Believed in the 'Missile Gap'?": John F. Kennedy and the Politics of National Security".

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hours and 45 minutes. On one, they walked to the Surveyor, photographed it, and removed some parts which they returned to Earth.

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Audio recording and transcript of President John F. Kennedy, NASA administrator James Webb, et al., discussing the Apollo agenda

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probe observed evidence of the halo surrounding the Apollo 15 Lunar Module blast crater while orbiting above the lunar surface.

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captured the world's attention by making ten lunar orbits in 20 hours, transmitting television pictures of the lunar surface on

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At perilune, the descent engine fires again to start the descent. The CDR takes control after pitchover for a vertical landing.

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Of this amount, $ 20.2 billion ($ 145 billion adjusted) was spent on the design, development, and production of the

3543: 1634:, President Johnson issued an executive order on November 29, 1963, to rename the LOC and Cape Canaveral in honor of Kennedy. 21858: 21426: 21323: 21231: 20976: 20858: 20815: 20680: 19648: 19643: 19630: 18782: 18717: 18036: 14619: 14057: 13789: 12315: 10721: 10638: 10339: 9886: 7918: 6945: 5283: 5112: 5104: 2857: 1840:

Multiple rocket launches (up to 15 in some plans) would carry parts of the Direct Ascent spacecraft and propulsion units for

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Although this book focuses on Apollo 13, it provides a wealth of background information on Apollo technology and procedures.

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The context of this was that the program focused at its beginning mainly on developing an advanced crewed spacecraft, the

21984: 21969: 21964: 21848: 21265: 21015: 20568: 20508: 20098: 19612: 17213: 17020: 16699: 16685: 14599: 14573: 14529: 13237: 12568: 10090:. Vol. IV. Foreword by Kenneth S. Kleinknecht. Washington, D.C.: Scientific and Technical Information Office, NASA. 8154: 7791: 7393: 6910: 3797:

First flight of Saturn IB and Block I CSM; suborbital to Atlantic Ocean; qualified heat shield to orbital reentry speed.

1400: 1257: 1071:(CSM), and all three landed safely on Earth in the Pacific Ocean on July 24. Five subsequent Apollo missions also landed 921: 896: 412: 7079: 6714: 6450: 3932:

Earth orbital flight test of LM, launched on Saturn IB; demonstrated ascent and descent propulsion; human-rated the LM.

1301:. On August 30, a feasibility study competition was announced, and on October 25, three study contracts were awarded to 21843: 21330: 21093: 20954: 20886: 20826: 20620: 20123: 20113: 20029: 18802: 18381: 17056: 17049: 15121: 14833: 13735: 13367: 12622: 11519: 9036: 7249: 6086: 5039: 4915: 4804: 4307:, located northeast of the Ocean of Storms. Surface EVA time: 9:21 hr. Samples returned: 94.35 pounds (42.80 kg). 1924:

Wiesner kept up the pressure, even making the disagreement public during a two-day September visit by the President to

1021: 612: 4351:, located near the Sea of Showers/Rains. Surface EVA time: 18:33 hr. Samples returned: 169.10 pounds (76.70 kg). 3822:

No spacecraft; observations of liquid hydrogen fuel behavior in orbit, to support design of S-IVB restart capability.

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from Earth, but this was the last method initially considered because of the perceived risk of rendezvous and docking.

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Apollo production crewed lunar landing mission patches. Click on a patch to read the main article about that mission.

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descends the LM's ladder in preparation for the first steps on the lunar surface, as televised live on July 20, 1969.

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hatch cover with a quick-release, outward opening door. NASA discontinued the crewed Block I program, using the Block

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on his retirement effective September 1. Under Webb's reorganization, the directors of the Manned Spacecraft Center (

1228: 1068: 1032:'s national goal for the 1960s of "landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth" in an address to 502: 330: 270: 11298: 11224: 9736: 2090:

Original cockpit of the command module of Apollo 11 with three seats, photographed from above. It is located in the

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capable of simulating atmospheric pressure at altitudes up to 250,000 feet (76 km), which is nearly a vacuum.

1689: 1631: 1516: 1204:. Apollo also spurred advances in many areas of technology incidental to rocketry and human spaceflight, including 1129:

Apollo ran from 1961 to 1972, with the first crewed flight in 1968. It encountered a major setback in 1967 when an

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Apollo uncrewed development mission launches. Click on a launch image to read the main article about each mission.

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was planned to be the D mission in December 1968, crewed by McDivitt, Scott and Schweickart, launched on a Saturn

846: 819: 629: 477: 9764: 9129: 8352: 6918:(Technical Memorandum). Vol. II: Saturn Launch Vehicles. NASA. February 1, 1964. p. 3. NASA TM-X-881. 20962: 20831: 20598: 19352: 19214: 18797: 16913:

Missions are ordered by launch date. Sign indicates failure en route or before intended mission data returned.

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Astronaut Mike Collins autobiography of his experiences as an astronaut, including his flight aboard Apollo 11.

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became the third person to step onto the Moon, which he did while speaking more informally than had Armstrong:

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would be the first lunar mission, testing the LM in lunar orbit but without landing (a "dress rehearsal"); and

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satellites, which verified the safety of the translunar environment by measuring the frequency and severity of

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1974 NASA authorization hearings, Ninety-third Congress, first session, on H.R. 4567 (superseded by H.R. 7528)

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Apollo 16's sample 61016, better known as Big Muley, is the largest sample collected during the Apollo program

21974: 21677: 21286: 21271: 21206: 21196: 21167: 21157: 20695: 17929: 16935: 15537: 15342: 15009: 13849: 13844: 13342: 12673: 12642: 12617: 12273: 12046: 11258: 11239: 9396: 8646: 5342: 2355:) into orbit in 1964 and 1965. The last three of these further supported the Apollo program by also carrying 2329: 2091: 8572: 8043: 7351: 5472: 5267:

goes back to the Apollo 11 launch in 1969 to ensure that a global protection system is launched in to space.

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pounds-force (1,020 kN) and capability to restart the engine for translunar injection after reaching a

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Papike, James J.; Ryder, Graham; Shearer, Charles K. (January 1998). "Planetary Materials: Lunar Samples".

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engineering team. Debus was named the LOC's first Director. Construction began in November 1962. Following

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The SM is jettisoned just before reentry, and the CM turns 180° to face its blunt end forward for reentry.

21706: 21602: 21172: 20441: 19818: 19783: 19330: 19166: 18913: 18760: 18649: 18578: 18511: 17986: 16858: 16048: 15618: 15611: 15597: 15553: 15026: 14973: 14936: 14895: 14789: 14494: 14474: 14389: 14213: 13952: 13898: 13676: 13362: 13289: 13033: 12721: 12553: 12220: 12210: 11933: 11534: 10620: 10035: 10007: 8378: 7990: 7218: 5775:"Lyndon B. Johnson, Vice President, Memo for the President, 'Evaluation of Space Program,' 28 April 1961" 5271: 4781: 4737: 4583:

Apollo cost $ 25.4 billion or approximately $ 257 billion (2023) using improved cost analysis.

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launched a 96,886-pound (43,947 kg) spacecraft that was composed of a 63,608-pound (28,852 kg)

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The following March, LM flight, rendezvous and docking were successfully demonstrated in Earth orbit on

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Apollo crewed development mission patches. Click on a patch to read the main article about that mission.

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as command module program manager. Webb also reassigned Apollo Spacecraft Program Office (ASPO) Manager

21881: 21296: 21281: 21146: 20660: 20002: 19778: 19748: 19713: 19402: 19171: 18844: 18543: 16393: 15717: 15365: 15259: 15245: 15193: 14828: 14769: 14644: 14556: 14286: 14152: 13425: 13398: 13352: 13218: 12688: 12632: 12114: 12030: 11928: 11392: 9813:(1997). "Kennedy and the Decision to Go to the Moon". In Launius, Roger D.; McCurdy, Howard E. (eds.). 8614:

A total of 382 kilograms of lunar material, comprising 2200 individual specimens returned from the Moon

8522: 7952: 5317: 4854: 4502: 2977:

Two Block I CSMs were launched from LC-34 on suborbital flights in 1966 with the Saturn IB. The first,

2728: 2106:(SM) supported the command module, with a service propulsion engine and an RCS with propellants, and a 524: 462: 15560: 11499: 10744:

History of the Apollo program from Apollos 1–11, including many interviews with the Apollo astronauts.

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Letterman, John B. (2003). "Explosion on Apollo 13; April 1970: From the Earth to the Moon and Back".

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Dress rehearsal for first lunar landing; flew LM down to 50,000 feet (15 km) from lunar surface.

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had won the contract, although its bid was not rated as good as the Martin proposal. Webb, Dryden and

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From analyses of the composition of the returned lunar samples, it is now believed that the Moon was

4532:, that are largely absent on Earth. One important rock found during the Apollo Program is dubbed the 4512:

The rocks collected from the Moon are extremely old compared to rocks found on Earth, as measured by

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The S-IVB orbital workshop was the only one of these plans to make it off the drawing board. Dubbed

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Almost all the rocks show evidence of impact process effects. Many samples appear to be pitted with

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First crewed flight of Saturn V; First crewed flight to Moon; CSM made 10 lunar orbits in 20 hours.

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would be the first crewed landing. The list of types covered follow-on lunar exploration to include

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to fly in space, and landed on the Moon on the last mission, Apollo 17. Schmitt participated in the

21791: 21766: 21682: 21587: 21547: 21139: 20685: 20528: 20513: 20414: 20362: 20320: 20308: 20145: 19947: 19548: 19440: 18940: 18928: 18900: 18614: 16928: 15942: 15802: 14979: 14903: 14177: 13753: 13117: 12627: 12502: 12472: 12467: 12388: 11886: 11444: 11333: 9645:"Apollo 11 documentary is a time capsule for the fleeting optimism of mankind's first Moon landing" 9125: 8547: 8496: 8440: 8414: 8064: 7446: 7018: 6162: 4926: 4885: 4426: 3729: 3713: 3038: 1753: 1673: 841: 751: 705: 487: 20222: 16852: 9712: 9563: 9229: 8469: 7574: 5973: 5774: 5674: 4997:, Apollo succeeded in accomplishing President Kennedy's goal of taking on the Soviet Union in the 3251:

The delay in the CSM caused by the fire enabled NASA to catch up on human-rating the LM and Saturn

1036:

on May 25, 1961. It was the third US human spaceflight program to fly, preceded by the two-person

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this estimate to $ 20 billion before reporting it to Vice President Johnson in April 1961.

3705:. Young and Duke spent just under three days on the surface, with a total of over 20 hours EVA. 3146:

Block II spacesuit in January 1968, before (left) and after changes recommended after the Apollo

1680:

to one of several launch pads. Although at least three pads were planned, only two, designated A

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Apollo by the Numbers: A Statistical Reference. Launch Vehicle/Spacecraft Key Facts – 2nd table

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by accomplishing a singular and significant achievement, to demonstrate the superiority of the

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instead followed the Mercury program to test and study advanced crewed spaceflight technology.

1147: 1033: 941: 492: 18489: 17488: 11263: 4624:

NASA's official cost breakdown, as reported to Congress in the Spring of 1973, is as follows:

4395:. Rover on Moon. Surface EVA time: 20:14 hr. Samples returned: 207.89 pounds (94.30 kg). 21597: 21592: 21467: 21190: 20741: 20724: 20700: 20593: 20588: 20535: 20357: 20325: 20133: 20118: 19708: 19683: 19668: 19342: 19149: 18787: 18459: 18401: 18323: 17921: 17911: 17759: 17037: 16993: 16786: 16738: 16652: 16642: 16566: 16386: 16346: 15862: 15832: 15544: 15475: 15086: 14999: 14989: 14931: 14801: 14796: 14637: 14302: 14264: 14233: 14142: 14041: 14023: 13923: 13577: 13443: 13377: 13337: 13332: 13306: 13045: 12428: 12414: 11976: 11923: 11235: 10920: 9423: 9346:

White, H. D.; Lokerson, D. C. (1971). "The Evolution of IMP Spacecraft Mosfet Data Systems".

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7, 1972, during Apollo 17. "We went to explore the Moon, and in fact discovered the Earth." —

4907: 4618: 4544:, and is believed to be representative of the highland crust. A geochemical component called 4204: 3578:

shrink in light of the successful landing, and NASA also had to make funds available for the

3527: 2801: 2627: 2103: 1987: 1841: 1762: 1713: 1665: 1641: 906: 512: 472: 424: 397: 9711: 9033:"The 'halo' area around Apollo 15 landing site observed by Terrain Camera on SELENE(KAGUYA)" 7244: 6036: 3081:

North American Aviation was prime contractor not only for the Apollo CSM, but for the Saturn

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Apollo Collection, The University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections

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Enchanted Rendezvous: John C. Houbolt and the Genesis of the Lunar-Orbit Rendezvous Concept

9559: 9357: 8769: 6262: 5216: 4168: 3873: 3667: 3539: 3442: 3422:. Stafford and Cernan took the LM to within 50,000 feet (15 km) of the lunar surface. 3224:

was the first crewed CSM/LM flight (this replaced AS-258, using a single Saturn V launch);

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crust. As such, they represent samples from a very early period in the development of the

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But even after NASA reached internal agreement, it was far from smooth sailing. Kennedy's

1672:(VAB). in which the space vehicle (launch vehicle and spacecraft) would be assembled on a 8: 21907: 21672: 21622: 21577: 21567: 21552: 21542: 21527: 21507: 21482: 21472: 21462: 21216: 21036: 21026: 20468: 20217: 19910: 19828: 19823: 19773: 19673: 19541: 19407: 19385: 19320: 19039: 18883: 18506: 18483: 18445: 18016: 17570: 17349: 15958: 15795: 15139: 14916: 14882: 14413: 14394: 13983: 13771: 13582: 13539: 13529: 13514: 13494: 13269: 13158: 12709: 12678: 12433: 12409: 12097: 12051: 11840: 11598: 11588: 11524: 9151: 7700: 7666: 6228: 5750:(Memorandum). Boston, MA: John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum. Archived from 4591: 4536:, retrieved by astronauts David Scott and James Irwin during the Apollo 15 mission. This 4392: 4304: 4214: 4099: 3882:

Not flown. All crew members died in a fire during a launch pad test on January 27, 1967.

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V stages burn for about 11 minutes to achieve a 100-nautical-mile (190 km) circular

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Chaikin interviewed all the surviving astronauts and others who worked with the program.

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Seamans, Robert C. Jr. (April 5, 1967). "Findings, Determinations And Recommendations".

7199: 7134: 5421: 4564:(materials melted near an impact crater.) All samples returned from the Moon are highly 3449:

on July 20, 1969. They spent a total of 21 hours, 36 minutes on the surface, and spent 2

2455: 21931: 21919: 21692: 21667: 21572: 21512: 21487: 21457: 21447: 21046: 21041: 21031: 21021: 20734: 20712: 20232: 20091: 20066: 20036: 19997: 19880: 19723: 19522: 19305: 19231: 19086: 18982: 18834: 18391: 18317: 18287: 17855: 17408: 17095: 16776: 16748: 16675: 16617: 16447: 16143: 15995: 15763: 15664: 15411: 15349: 15307: 14713: 14291: 14198: 14172: 14112: 14096: 14072: 13612: 13504: 13453: 13021: 12774: 12439: 12193: 12168: 11910: 11792: 11324: 11254: 11166: 10977: 10860:"To the Moon and Back: Reexamining Presidential Decision-Making and the Apollo Program" 10539: 10312: 10243: 9878: 9741: 9706: 9503: 9474: 8162: 8121: 7799: 6357: 6009: 5898: 5557: 5279:

in which the Soviet Union was the first country to successfully land a man on the Moon.

4922: 4897: 4826: 4815: 4755: 4513: 4436: 4144: 4105: 3709: 3411: 2894: 2229: 2151: 1745: 1718: 1410: 11350: 9990:. NASA history series. Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 6189:"Executive Orders Disposition Tables: Lyndon B. Johnson – 1963: Executive Order 11129" 5498: 3640:

hours 24 minutes, which was a record for the longest EVA by a lunar crew at the time.

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which remained in orbit around the Moon and a 33,278-pound (15,095 kg) two-stage

1503:. So Gilruth was given authority to grow his organization into a new NASA center, the 21864: 21627: 21582: 21522: 21497: 21452: 21395: 20632: 20463: 20276: 19863: 19658: 19619: 19518: 19477: 19117: 19012: 18987: 18933: 18923: 18740: 18538: 18195: 18046: 17526: 16325: 16085: 15784: 15749: 15742: 15236: 15107: 14677: 14561: 14521: 14481: 14401: 14361: 14228: 14218: 13966: 13602: 11986: 11191: 11183: 11173: 11067: 11034: 11026: 11016: 10999: 10991: 10981: 10938: 10928: 10845: 10837: 10827: 10788: 10780: 10770: 10735: 10727: 10717: 10713: 10685: 10677: 10667: 10661: 10644: 10634: 10630: 10585: 10547: 10491: 10469: 10461: 10451: 10416: 10406: 10383: 10375: 10365: 10345: 10335: 10299: 10289: 10272: 10264: 10254: 10221: 10202: 10192: 10165: 10143: 10133: 10099: 10091: 10061: 10039: 10019: 10011: 9991: 9971: 9961: 9956: 9939: 9929: 9900: 9892: 9882: 9851: 9828: 9818: 9810: 9508: 9373: 8851: 8787: 8176: 8168: 7924: 7914: 7908: 7813: 7805: 7588: 7580: 7157: 7108: 7030: 6617: 6611: 6456: 6082: 6042: 5790: 5737: 5690: 5553: 5276: 4549: 4067: 3986: 3652: 3337: 3058: 3050: 3016: 2572: 2419: 2144: 2079: 1730: 1722: 1645: 1623: 1552:

But why, some say, the Moon? Why choose this as our goal? And they may well ask, why

1492: 1403: 1348: 1001: 901: 886: 507: 457: 11362: 9799: 9181: 7469: 2031:) which would take two individuals to the lunar surface and return them to the CSM. 1780: 21943: 21657: 21537: 21502: 21400: 21315: 21310: 20801: 20239: 20202: 20128: 20086: 19982: 19942: 19743: 19738: 19390: 19219: 19176: 19142: 19107: 19044: 18997: 18839: 18516: 18495: 18311: 17991: 17478: 17013: 16880: 16781: 16221: 15885: 15687: 15503: 15496: 15456: 15298: 15252: 15227: 14910: 14551: 14162: 14013: 13741: 13720: 13468: 13299: 12942: 12715: 12507: 12492: 12252: 12200: 12103: 11918: 11825: 11805: 11368: 11347:

by Kipp Teague is a large repository of Apollo images, videos, and audio recordings

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Numerous documentary films cover the Apollo program and the Space Race, including:

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Several missions were planned for but were canceled before details were finalized.

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Where no man has gone before : a history of Apollo lunar exploration missions

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exploring the lunar surface and collecting samples, alternating with rest periods.

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It also became clear that Apollo would outgrow the Canaveral launch facilities in

1491:

It became clear that managing the Apollo program would exceed the capabilities of

1028:, which put the first Americans in space. Apollo was later dedicated to President 21725: 21662: 21617: 21517: 20523: 20456: 20352: 20313: 20197: 20140: 20012: 19915: 19813: 19733: 19728: 19678: 19435: 19335: 19288: 19186: 19127: 19112: 19066: 19049: 18955: 18950: 18644: 18522: 18099: 17951: 17941: 17473: 17468: 17463: 17458: 17453: 17143: 17003: 16983: 16228: 15965: 15818: 15581: 14889: 14859: 14322: 14296: 14223: 14147: 14122: 14117: 14077: 13993: 13519: 13463: 13274: 13232: 12183: 12173: 12162: 12124: 11302: 11161: 11059: 10798: 10764: 10624: 10602: 9537: 8597: 8158: 7947: 7795: 6613:

Survivors: True Tales of Endurance: 500 Years of the Greatest Eyewitness Accounts

5872: 5821: 5721: 5633: 5347: 5136: 4980: 4958: 4942: 4877: 4525: 4484: 4348: 3523: 3156: 2233: 2111: 1536: 1512: 1388: 1352: 1336: 1232: 1221: 1185: 1174: 1029: 1025: 946: 762: 549: 497: 482: 429: 377: 344: 11286: 10245:

The Secret of Apollo: Systems Management in American and European Space Programs

9841: 9593:"The moon shoot: film of Apollo mission on show again after 35 years in the can" 6832: 6677: 5936: 5071: 4968:

in the 1970s due to photos taken by the astronauts. The most well known include

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chose it in preference due to North American's longer association with NASA and

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proposed canceling the two remaining lunar landing missions, Apollo 16 and 17.

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second stage as well, and delays in this stage pushed the first uncrewed Saturn

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third stage reignites for about six minutes to send the spacecraft to the Moon.

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Failure is Not an Option: Mission Control from Mercury to Apollo 13 and Beyond

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Stages to Saturn: A Technological History of the Apollo/Saturn Launch Vehicles

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The Apollo program has been the focus of several works of fiction, including:

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The Apollo program returned over 382 kg (842 lb) of lunar rocks and

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This turned out to be the winning configuration, which achieved the goal with

1313:. Meanwhile, NASA performed its own in-house spacecraft design studies led by 1289:

conferences. Preliminary specifications were laid out for a spacecraft with a

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launch vehicle to carry a 163,000-pound (74,000 kg) payload to the Moon.

1828: 1817: 1800: 1734: 1709: 1649: 1619: 1367: 1360: 1267: 1263: 1236: 1167: 1159: 936: 668: 607: 574: 434: 291: 125: 74: 11355: 11195: 11038: 11003: 10942: 10849: 10792: 10689: 10387: 10317:. Monographs in Aerospace History (Reprint ed.). Washington, D.C.: NASA 10276: 10225: 10169: 10147: 10065: 10043: 9995: 9975: 9943: 9855: 8985: 8957: 8855: 8091: 7470:"Apollo Experience Report – Development of the Extravehicular Mobility Unit" 7034: 6325: 5794: 5694: 1086: 20604: 20540: 20081: 19487: 19422: 19091: 19076: 18777: 18772: 18270: 18264: 18163: 17829: 17824: 17749: 17719: 17582: 17577: 17561: 17372: 17367: 17362: 17208: 17203: 17100: 16811: 16771: 16726: 16555: 16549: 16543: 16538: 16429: 16200: 16016: 15935: 15756: 15634: 15449: 15289: 15163: 14921: 14488: 13634: 13622: 13556: 13551: 13081: 13069: 12993: 12930: 12870: 12704: 12482: 12109: 11055: 10747: 10023: 9904: 9512: 8913: 8180: 8150: 7817: 7592: 7058: 6802: 6777: 6540: 5047: 4865: 4533: 4529: 4475: 4386: 4294: 4290: 4252: 4017: 3702: 3629: 3625: 3558: 3365: 3026: 2486: 2478: 1890: 1784: 1775: 1462:

and required the support of over 20,000 industrial firms and universities.

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The building was renamed "Vehicle Assembly Building" on February 3, 1965.

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In August 1971, just after conclusion of the Apollo 15 mission, President

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engines, to produce 1,500,000 pounds-force (6,670 kN) of thrust. The

1937:, and fear of Kennedy's support for Webb. NASA announced the selection of 1618:. The design, development and construction of the center was conducted by 20496: 20424: 20340: 20160: 19885: 19315: 19181: 18871: 18854: 18726: 18563: 18299: 18155: 18123: 17673: 17398: 17393: 16816: 16409: 16309: 16293: 16235: 16207: 16193: 16168: 16059: 16009: 15680: 15418: 15397: 15184: 13883: 13759: 13473: 12954: 12906: 12894: 12846: 12834: 12748: 12004: 11374: 11292: 11281: 11275: 11248: 11228: 10955: 10551: 10103: 9702:"'Apollo 11' Review: The 1969 Moon Mission Still Has the Power to Thrill" 9527: 8146: 6031:

Swenson, Loyd S. Jr.; Grimwood, James M.; Alexander, Charles C. (1989) .

5642: 5248: 4873: 4792: 4606:, added an additional $ 5.2 billion ($ 37.3 billion adjusted). 4540:

rock is composed almost exclusively of the calcium-rich feldspar mineral

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was opposed to this, and persuaded Nixon to keep the remaining missions.

3603: 3477: 3438: 3046: 2921: 2901: 2688: 2568: 2525: 2494: 2467: 2158: 2045: 1886: 1637: 1573: 1499:, which had been directing the nation's crewed space program from NASA's 1391:

delivers his proposal to put a man on the Moon before a joint session of

1356: 1355:. Up to the election of 1960, Kennedy had been speaking out against the " 1090: 1064: 1052: 1040:

conceived in 1961 to extend spaceflight capability in support of Apollo.

891: 746: 722: 700: 554: 9765:"Indiana Jones 5 Will Pit Indy Against Nazis Again, In 1969 – Exclusive" 9062:

Hautaluoma, Grey; Freeberg, Andy (July 17, 2009). Garner, Robert (ed.).

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techniques. They range in age from about 3.2 billion years for the

2477:

NASA's director of flight crew operations during the Apollo program was

1844:(TLI). These would be assembled into a single spacecraft in Earth orbit. 1285:

announced the Apollo program to industry representatives at a series of

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We Reach the Moon: The New York Times Story of Man's Greatest Adventure

10481: 9881:. Washington, D.C.: Scientific and Technical Information Branch, NASA. 9257: 8167:. Washington, D.C.: Scientific and Technical Information Office, NASA. 8099: 8015: 7804:. Washington, D.C.: Scientific and Technical Information Office, NASA. 7787: 7026: 6975: 5899:"Soyuz – Development of the Space Station; Apollo – Voyage to the Moon" 5264: 5002: 4998: 4595: 4521: 4498: 4256: 4218: 4021: 3562: 3549: 3519: 3399: 3383: 3369: 3164: 3101: 3097: 2631:

After one to two orbits to verify readiness of spacecraft systems, the

2188: 1824: 1627: 1326: 1317:, to serve as a gauge to judge and monitor the three industry designs. 916: 732: 727: 710: 20419: 10217:

The Space Shuttle Decision: NASA's Search for a Reusable Space Vehicle

9871:

Brooks, Courtney G.; Grimwood, James M.; Swenson, Loyd S. Jr. (1979).

4888:

design used in both the lunar and command modules was, along with the

3340:. It was an 11-day Earth-orbital flight which tested the CSM systems. 2086: 1823:

This design would have required development of the extremely powerful

20249: 19868: 19718: 19459: 19310: 19027: 18908: 18829: 18812: 18588: 18438: 18293: 18207: 18139: 18021: 17935: 17845: 17803: 17796: 17789: 17782: 17775: 17768: 17701: 17694: 17687: 17357: 17342: 17310: 17303: 17296: 17289: 17282: 17275: 17073: 17068: 16796: 16637: 16518: 16508: 16498: 16129: 16115: 16101: 16078: 16027: 15657: 15381: 15321: 15275: 15207: 15031: 15004: 14852: 14764: 14624: 14593: 14586: 14383: 14281: 14035: 13592: 13121: 13109: 13097: 13085: 13073: 13061: 13049: 13037: 13025: 13013: 12958: 12946: 12934: 12922: 12910: 12898: 12886: 12874: 12862: 12858: 12850: 12838: 12826: 12355: 12145: 12061: 11880: 11729: 11724: 11719: 11714: 11709: 11704: 11699: 11694: 11565: 10973: 10818: 10119: 5167: 4970: 4541: 4458: 4400: 4356: 4312: 4266: 4226: 4208: 4176: 4123: 4077: 3621: 3614: 3518:

made a precision landing of Apollo 12 within walking distance of the

3515: 3426: 3407: 3406:(PLSS) outside the LM. The F mission was successfully carried out on 3172: 2926: 2910: 2614:. The third stage burns a small portion of its fuel to achieve orbit. 2533: 2380: 2368: 2201: 2148: 2107: 2049: 1970: 1861: 1603: 1142: 1114: 1102: 1076: 1072: 1044: 1017: 740: 301: 213: 177: 11379:

is available for free viewing and download at the National Archives.

5974:"NASA Langley Research Center's Contributions to the Apollo Program" 20625: 20563: 20335: 20254: 18583: 18558: 18553: 18026: 17658: 17551: 17546: 17541: 17536: 17531: 17335: 17245: 17132: 16136: 16094: 16071: 15949: 15314: 13144: 13009: 12997: 12985: 12360: 12350: 12245: 12240: 12235: 11782: 11777: 11689: 11684: 11679: 11674: 11658: 11653: 11648: 11570: 11560: 7014: 6683:. Houston, TX: NASA. April 1975. pp. 3–66 to 4–12. JSC-09423. 6353:"Samuel C. Phillips, Who Directed Apollo Lunar Landing, Dies at 68" 5200: 4861: 4746:) proposed up to 30 flights to Earth orbit, using the space in the 4035: 4000: 3965: 3937: 3912: 3887: 3852: 3395: 3343: 3321: 3278: 3271: 3196:

to cover the first three uncrewed flights while retiring the Apollo

3193: 3125: 2712: 2560: 2556: 2506: 2459: 2424: 2414: 2305: 2300: 2295: 2205: 2197: 1917: 1865: 1599: 1598:. The two newest launch complexes were already being built for the 1409:

On May 25, 1961, twenty days after the first US crewed spaceflight

1205: 1189: 1130: 1119: 1013: 690: 306: 296: 225: 209: 151: 11200:

The history of lunar exploration from a geologist's point of view.

11030: 10995: 10731: 10648: 10268: 5675:"President John F. Kennedy Memo for Vice President, 20 April 1961" 18528: 18406: 18227: 18221: 18215: 17946: 17885: 17880: 17875: 17819: 17814: 17809: 17622: 17617: 17612: 17607: 17602: 17597: 17592: 17493: 17448: 17443: 17438: 17433: 17428: 17423: 17187: 16766: 16648: 16475: 16465: 15328: 14546: 14536: 14439: 13878: 11397: 10948: 10925:

Chariots for Apollo: The Untold Story Behind the Race to the Moon

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to allow greater flexibility and visibility for driving the LRV.

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once. One of the moonwalkers was a trained geologist. Of the 32,

2485:

astronauts who was medically grounded in September 1962 due to a

2397:

engine burning liquid hydrogen fuel with LOX, to produce 200,000

2267: 2173: 1938: 1752:

program, as OMSF program controller. Phillips's superior officer

1595: 1508: 1302: 680: 39: 11344: 11308: 11187: 10841: 10784: 10681: 10495: 10473: 10420: 10379: 10303: 10095: 10054:

Taming Liquid Hydrogen: The Centaur Upper Stage Rocket 1958–2002

10015: 9896: 9832: 8172: 7928: 7809: 7665:(April 5, 1967). "Description of Test Sequence and Objectives". 7584: 6078:

Suddenly Tomorrow Came ... A History of the Johnson Space Center

3116: 2841:

Parachutes are deployed, slowing the CM for a splashdown in the

2559:

onward. The crew that flew the first Earth orbital test mission

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Factual, from the standpoint of a flight controller during the

5008: 4808: 4762: 4524:, to about 4.6 billion years for samples derived from the 4517: 3833: 3808: 3783: 3361: 3130:

Grissom, White, and Chaffee decided to name their flight Apollo

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NASA awarded all 32 of these astronauts its highest honor, the

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The MSC was completed in September 1963. It was renamed by the

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National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service

392: 18695: 11329: 7576:

Moonport: A History of Apollo Launch Facilities and Operations

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missile systems, the driving force behind early research into

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on April 20, 1972. The crew was commanded by John Young, with

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as Pilot. But Eisele dislocated his shoulder twice aboard the

2335:

engines with 90,000 pounds-force (400 kN) of thrust. The

1748:, who gained a reputation for his effective management of the 1220:, the Greek god of light, music, and the Sun, by NASA manager 1059:(LM) on July 20, 1969, and walked on the lunar surface, while 18001: 17413: 17403: 16002: 15825: 15643: 15266: 14604: 14377: 14341: 14336: 14127: 11830: 11820: 11815: 11810: 8300:. Marshall Space Flight Center History Office. Archived from 8092:"One Small Misstep: Neil Armstrong's First Words on the Moon" 7207:. Houston, Texas: NASA Manned Spacecraft Center. p. 5–4. 7053: 7051: 4545: 3708:

Apollo 17 was the last of the Apollo program, landing in the

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were announced on September 29 as the prime crew for AS-205.

2632: 2390: 2332: 2279: 2275: 2094:; the very high resolution image was produced in 2007 by the 18682:

Missions are ordered by launch date. Crewed missions are in

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Apollo Experience Report: Launch Escape Propulsion Subsystem

9619:"TV World;NEWLN:Race to moon reviewed with NASA film on PBS" 8634:(Third ed.). New York: Penguin Books. pp. 611–613. 7353:

Postlaunch Report for Mission AS-202 (Apollo Spacecraft 011)

7326:

Postlaunch Report for Mission AS-201 (Apollo Spacecraft 009)

3522:

uncrewed lunar probe, which had landed in April 1967 on the

1688:

B, were completed in October 1965. The LOC also included an

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To a Rocky Moon: A Geologist's History of Lunar Exploration

11015:. Monographs in Aerospace History. Washington, D.C.: NASA. 10965:

Two Sides of the Moon: Our Story of the Cold War Space Race

10402: 10164:. Monographs in Aerospace History. Washington, D.C.: NASA. 9317: 9276: 8725: 8713: 8677: 8298:"Three Saturn Vs on Display Teach Lessons in Space History" 5873:"Soviets Planned to Accept JFK's Joint Lunar Mission Offer" 5789:. Monographs in Aerospace History. Washington, D.C.: NASA. 5689:. Monographs in Aerospace History. Washington, D.C.: NASA. 3458:

That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.

3220:

was crewed CSM Earth orbit validation using the Saturn IB;

3200:

1 designation to honor the crew, per their widows' wishes.

3086: 2536:, included at least two (sometimes three) Gemini veterans. 2433: 2386: 2385:

The Saturn IB was an upgraded version of the Saturn I. The

2325: 2317: 2020: 1965:

failure could be identified that would prohibit use of the

1162:

that supported three crewed missions in 1973–1974, and the

1094: 1005: 355: 63: 11358:—almost 25,000 lunar images, Lunar and Planetary Institute 7048: 4799:, imaged in March 2012 by the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter 4568:

as a result of being subjected to multiple impact events.

3441:. Armstrong and Aldrin performed the first landing at the 1432:

and none will be so difficult or expensive to accomplish.

19154: 10125:

Angle of Attack: Harrison Storms and the Race to the Moon

9874:

Chariots for Apollo: A History of Manned Lunar Spacecraft

9568: 8807:"The Joint Confidence Level Paradox: A History of Denial" 8701: 7022: 6104:"Address at Rice University on the Nation's Space Effort" 6033:"Chapter 12.3: Space Task Group Gets a New Home and Name" 3446: 3429:

in July 1969 by an all-Gemini veteran crew consisting of

2336: 2313: 1239:

became the focus of the program only in 1961. Thereafter

12804: 10081:

Ertel, Ivan D.; Newkirk, Roland W.; et al. (1978).

8816:. Cost Analysis Division. pp. 25–26. Archived from 8645:

Kristen Erickson (July 16, 2009). Amiko Kauderer (ed.).

8090:

Mikkelson, Barbara; Mikkelson, David P. (October 2006).

7149: 6030: 4505:

in Houston. Today, 75% of the samples are stored at the

3289:

6 and identification of satisfactory fixes to the Apollo

2591:

The first lunar landing mission was planned to proceed:

2505:

were killed during a ground test in preparation for the

1417:

Special Message to the Congress on Urgent National Needs

15099: 13668: 8689: 8632:

A Man On the Moon: The Voyages of the Apollo Astronauts

6255:"KSC Technical Capabilities: O&C Altitude Chambers" 9392:"Apollo Guidance Computer and the First Silicon Chips" 7468:

Lutz, Charles C.; Carson, Maurice A. (November 1975).

3297:

V ready to fly crew, canceling a third uncrewed test.

3259:

4 (AS-501) was the first uncrewed flight of the Saturn

2764:

lifts off, using the descent stage as a launching pad.

1961:... was finally dropped, because no single reasonable 1024:

as a three-person spacecraft to follow the one-person

21879: 10756:, vol. LXVI, no. 13 (15 August 2019), pp. 54–58. 9870: 9737:"'Apollo 11' Documentary Gets Exclusive Imax Release" 9294: 7973: 7842: 7747: 7645: 7569:

Benson, Charles D.; Faherty, William Barnaby (1978).

7526: 7452: 6893: 6581: 6565: 6522: 6482: 6430: 6414: 5918: 5523: 2320:

with liquid oxygen (LOX) oxidizer in eight clustered

10284:

Launius, Roger D.; McCurdy, Howard E., eds. (1997).

6833:"Apollo 11 30th Anniversary: Manned Apollo Missions" 5837:

Special Message to Congress on Urgent National Needs

4728:. The final fiscal year of Apollo funding was 1973. 3324:, launched from LC-34 on October 11, 1968, was the C 2339:

third stage flew inactively on Saturn I four times.

2017: 1184:. It stands alone in sending crewed missions beyond 16950: 10286:

Spaceflight and the Myth of Presidential Leadership

10220:. The NASA History Series. Washington, D.C.: NASA. 9815:

Spaceflight and the Myth of Presidential Leadership

7380:

Evaluation of AS-203 Low Gravity Orbital Experiment

7359:. Houston, TX: NASA. October 12, 1966. MSC-A-R-66-5 6539:"2: The Lunar Landing Decision and Its Aftermath". 6041:. The NASA History Series. Washington, D.C.: NASA. 5517: 5416: 5414: 5020:broadcast television footage was released instead. 2023: 2014: 27:

1961–1972 American crewed lunar exploration program

11367:is available for free viewing and download at the 11165: 10242: 10060:. The NASA History Series. Washington D.C.: NASA. 9061: 8089: 7726: 7531:"Preparations for the First Manned Apollo Mission" 7463: 7461: 5934: 5447:"July 20, 1969: One Giant Leap for Mankind - NASA" 4912:metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors 2933:after jettison prevented making a targeted impact. 2805:The SM engine fires to send the CSM back to Earth. 1668:, and a 130-million-cubic-foot (3,700,000 m) 1020:. It was first conceived in 1960 during President 10710:: A Challenging Journey to Tranquility, 1965–1969 9230:"Benefits from Apollo: Giant Leaps in Technology" 8842:Skolnikoff, Eugene B.; Hoagland, John H. (1968). 8758:"An Improved Cost Analysis of the Apollo Program" 6827: 6825: 6823: 6081:. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 4474:The most famous of the Moon rocks recovered, the 3712:region in December 1972. Eugene Cernan commanded 3484:Whoopee! Man, that may have been a small one for 3187: 2845:. The astronauts are recovered and brought to an 1744:, so he got Webb's permission to recruit General 21951: 19563: 13420: 12483:Primary guidance, navigation, and control system 10332:Digital Apollo: Human and Machine in Spaceflight 9926:This New Ocean: The Story of the First Space Age 8644: 6672: 6670: 6638: 6636: 5411: 3716:and NASA's first scientist-astronaut, geologist 3624:, commanded in February 1971 by Mercury veteran 3620:Apollo 13's Fra Mauro mission was reassigned to 3216:was uncrewed LM validation using the Saturn IB; 3001: 1415:, Kennedy proposed the crewed Moon landing in a 1150:as launch vehicles, which were also used for an 10288:. Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press. 9817:. Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press. 9558: 9264:. National Aeronautics and Space Administration 9144: 8325:"Apollo 18 through 20 – The Cancelled Missions" 7935: 7792:"Testing and Retesting To Get Ready For flight" 7503: 7501: 7458: 7305:. Houston, Texas: NASA Manned Spacecraft Center 6753:"T. J. Kelly, 72, Dies; Father of Lunar Module" 6616:. New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 404. 6075:(1993). "Chapter 3: Houston – Texas – U.S.A.". 5935:Johnston, Louis; Williamson, Samuel H. (2023). 5928: 5827: 5648:John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum 3501: 3308: 2957: 2192:Four Apollo rocket assemblies, drawn to scale: 1969:." Ironically, just such a failure happened on 1079:, in December 1972. In these six spaceflights, 832:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 11287:Project Apollo Drawings and Technical Diagrams 10398:Apollo by the Numbers: A Statistical Reference 9572:. Washington, D.C.: National Public Radio, Inc 9205:"NASA Spin-offs: Bringing Space Down to Earth" 8956:Compton, W. D.; Benson, C. D. (January 1983). 8912:Compton, W. D.; Benson, C. D. (January 1983). 8841: 8567: 8565: 8038: 8036: 7377: 7332:. Houston, TX: NASA. May 6, 1966. MSC-A-R-66-4 6820: 6419:Ch. 2.6, "Influences on Booster Determination" 6307: 5089:Magnificent Desolation: Walking on the Moon 3D 4731: 4447:Apollo by the Numbers: A Statistical Reference 3674:Apollo 15 was launched on July 26, 1971, with 3526:. The command module pilot was Gemini veteran 3300: 3171:already called for replacement of the Block I 19834:Drafting and ratification of the Constitution 19549: 18711: 18660:Third-party evidence for Apollo Moon landings 16936: 16394: 15115: 13684: 13406: 13200: 12790: 12601:Charged Particle Lunar Environment Experiment 12316: 12279:Third-party evidence for Apollo Moon landings 11413: 11341:(White House Cabinet Room, November 21, 1962) 10666:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. 10401:. The NASA History Series. Washington, D.C.: 10051:Dawson, Virginia P.; Bowles, Mark D. (2004). 9804:National Aeronautics and Space Administration 9345: 9202: 9196: 9011:"Apollo-Soyuz: An Orbital Partnership Begins" 8955: 8911: 8805:Butts, Glenn; Linton, Kent (April 28, 2009). 8647:"Rock Solid: JSC's Lunar Sample Lab Turns 30" 8145: 7568: 7187:. New York: MacMillan. pp. 75–85, 88–89. 7158:"First Apollo flight crew last to be honored" 6667: 6633: 5491: 5251:movie which was released to negative reviews. 3466:, just after stepping onto the Moon's surface 3228:would be a higher Earth orbit CSM/LM flight; 2920:After Apollo 12 placed the second of several 2548:training of all of the Apollo landing crews. 2328:second stage used six liquid hydrogen-fueled 2034: 1944:Space historian James Hansen concludes that: 1442:mission, to eliminate duplication of effort. 1006:National Aeronautics and Space Administration 973: 20758:Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization 18640:List of species that have landed on the Moon 12291:Symbol indicates failure or partial failure 8464: 8462: 8379:"Apollo 14 Command and Service Module (CSM)" 8347: 8345: 8122:"That may have been a small one for Neil..." 7951:. New York. December 6, 1968. Archived from 7847:"Apollo 6: Saturn V's Shaky Dress Rehearsal" 7498: 7299:"7.0 Command and Service Module Performance" 7059:"Origin of NASA's Names: Manned Spaceflight" 6199:National Archives and Records Administration 6038:This New Ocean: A History of Project Mercury 5009:Apollo 11 broadcast data restoration project 4604:global tracking and data acquisition network 3471: 3355:8 to orbit the Moon instead, deferring the D 3212:missions were uncrewed Saturn V validation; 2250:Since Apollo, like Mercury, would require a 1343:that promised American superiority over the 1320: 12330: 11245:Apollo 35th Anniversary Interactive Feature 10919: 10334:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press. 8889: 8804: 8562: 8383:NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive 8329:NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive 8033: 7995:NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive 7023:International Business Machines Corporation 6709: 6707: 6705: 6295:calculator (1976 model)). Luizmonteiro, LLC 6095: 5465: 3847:Suborbital flight of CSM to Pacific Ocean. 3155:Administrator Webb, North American removed 2776:The LM rendezvouses and docks with the CSM. 1583: 1480: 854:Department of State Office of Space Affairs 19556: 19542: 18718: 18704: 16943: 16929: 16401: 16387: 15122: 15108: 14063:Commercial Orbital Transportation Services 13691: 13677: 13413: 13399: 13253: 13207: 13193: 12797: 12783: 12323: 12309: 11498: 11420: 11406: 11214:at NASA's Human Space Flight (HSF) website 11054: 11043:History of the crewed space program from 1 10626:Carrying the Fire: An Astronaut's Journeys 10519:. Washington, D.C.: NASA. NASA TN D-7083. 10283: 10189:Exploring the Moon: the Apollo Expeditions 10034:(Hearing on H.R. 4567). Washington, D.C.: 9668: 9552: 9203:O'Rangers, Eleanor A. (January 26, 2005). 9182:"Apollo 11 30th Anniversary: Introduction" 8980: 8978: 8914:"A Science Program for Manned Spaceflight" 8901:. Washington: U.S. Govt. Print. Off. 1973. 7743: 7741: 7467: 7371: 7223:NASA Space Science Data Coordinate Archive 6399: 5732: 5730: 4848: 3009:a modified version of the Gemini spacesuit 2909:The first three lunar missions (Apollo 8, 2579:, because of discipline problems with the 2258:used by Mercury would be required, so the 1769: 980: 966: 815:Department of Energy national laboratories 343: 338: 38: 20282:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki 14957:Hubble Space Telescope anniversary images 10910: 10883: 10716:. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. 10697: 10249:. New series in NASA history. Baltimore: 9671:"Movie Review: In the Shadow of the Moon" 9525: 9502: 9492: 8844:The World-wide Spread of Space Technology 8781: 8523:"Harrison Schmitt: Geologist on the Moon" 8459: 8342: 7623:. NASA History Office. October 22, 2004. 7394:"Apollo flight crew nomenclature changes" 6609: 4575:of a large astronomical body with Earth. 3686:. Scott and Irwin landed on July 30 near 1252:Origin and spacecraft feasibility studies 1008:(NASA), which succeeded in preparing and 825:Office of Commercial Space Transportation 12581:Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package 10808: 10050: 9642: 9616: 9564:"Houston, We Erased The Apollo 11 Tapes" 9115: 8322: 8113: 7896: 7296: 7197: 7156:Pearlman, Robert Z. (October 20, 2008). 7155: 7072: 6881: 6702: 6642: 6504: 6492: 6455:. Washington DC: NASA History Division. 6351:Narvaez, Alfonso A. (February 1, 1990). 6071: 5308:Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package 4936: 4791: 3662: 3548: 3497: 3398:, and Schweickart tested the full lunar 3382: 3304: 3141: 3115: 2953: 2949: 2876: 2586: 2511: 2454: 2418: 2299: 2187: 2174:Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corporation 2143: 2085: 2044: 1986: 1941:as the LEM contractor in November 1962. 1794: 1779: 1636: 1525: 1380: 1281:In July 1960, NASA Deputy Administrator 1108: 1085: 20437:Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. 19203:Effect of spaceflight on the human body 15042:NASA International Space Apps Challenge 11172:. Tucson: University of Arizona Press. 10954: 10951:'s story of building the lunar modules. 10663:Thirteen: The Apollo Flight That Failed 10329: 10183: 9877:. The NASA History Series. Foreword by 9846:. The NASA History Series. Foreword by 9466: 9282: 8975: 8731: 8719: 8707: 8695: 8683: 8629: 8497:"Apollo 18' Myths Debunked, NASA-style" 8494: 8083: 7738: 7692: 7688: 7686: 7661: 7508:Teitel, Amy Shira (December 4, 2013) . 7182: 6350: 6142:University of California, Santa Barbara 6102:Kennedy, John F. (September 12, 1962). 6101: 5870: 5772: 5736: 5727: 5672: 5632: 5626: 5422:"How much did the Apollo program cost?" 4347:First Extended LM and rover, landed in 3277:This was followed on April 4, 1968, by 3244:for lunar orbital survey missions, and 1519:launch facilities in Florida, so a new 1043:Kennedy's goal was accomplished on the 859:Office of Science and Technology Policy 14: 21952: 19225:Psychological and sociological effects 18635:List of artificial objects on the Moon 13830:Administrator and Deputy Administrator 12606:Lunar Ejecta and Meteorites Experiment 11305:edited by Eric M. Jones and Ken Glover 10893:Musgrave, Paul; Nexon, Daniel (2018). 10439:Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 10395:Orloff, Richard W. 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Landed in 3553:Apollo landings on the Moon, 1969–1972 3203:In September 1967, Mueller approved a 3039:KC135 weightlessness training aircraft 2944: 2371:for all crewed Earth orbital flights. 2133: 1477:, which would be required for Apollo. 1465:On July 1, 1960, NASA established the 21365: 21127: 20789: 19593: 19537: 18699: 16924: 16382: 15103: 14620:Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite 13672: 13394: 13188: 12778: 12304: 11401: 11325:NASA Apollo Program images and videos 11151:from the original on October 9, 2022. 11114:November 8, 1962 – September 30, 1964 10356: 9734: 9699: 9590: 9246:from the original on October 9, 2022. 8323:Williams, David (December 11, 2003). 7699:. NASA History Office. Archived from 7650:"The LEM Test Program: A Pacing Item" 7599:from the original on January 23, 2008 7455:, Plans and Progress in Space Flight. 7133:. NASA. December 1994. Archived from 6976:"Influences on Booster Determination" 6750: 6449:Orloff, Richard W. (September 2004). 6285:"1976 Standard Atmosphere Properties" 6155: 6128: 5858: 5459: 5284:Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny 5113:When We Left Earth: The NASA Missions 5023: 4984:, taken by the Apollo 17 astronauts. 3179:I spacecraft only for uncrewed Saturn 3015:astronauts would begin wearing a new 2872: 2516:Apollo 11 crew, from left: Commander 1733:), and the Launch Operations Center ( 1473:. MSFC designed the heavy lift-class 1375:Committee on Science and Astronautics 1208:, telecommunications, and computers. 1022:Dwight D. Eisenhower's administration 18336:International Lunar Research Station 16772:Audi Lunar Quattro ×2 (PTScientists) 15082: 12806:People who have traveled to the Moon 12653:Suprathermal Ion Detector Experiment 12596:Apollo 14 Passive Seismic Experiment 12591:Apollo 12 Passive Seismic Experiment 11954:50th Anniversary commemorative coins 11351:The Project Apollo Archive on Flickr 10526:from the original on October 9, 2022 10490:(1st ed.). New York: Atheneum. 9735:Rubin, Rebecca (February 13, 2019). 9669:Gleiberman, Owen (August 29, 2007). 9349:IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 9327:from the original on October 9, 2022 9088: 8868: 8521:Howell, Elizabeth (April 23, 2013). 7683: 7655: 7486:from the original on October 9, 2022 7242: 6925:from the original on October 9, 2022 6803:"Missions, Modes, and Manufacturing" 6690:from the original on October 9, 2022 5923:"Contracting for the Command Module" 5804:from the original on October 9, 2022 5704:from the original on October 9, 2022 3723: 3658: 3293:6 problems, NASA declared the Saturn 2744:The CDR and LMP perform one or more 1995:command module is on exhibit in the 1539:, September 12, 1962 (17 min, 47 s). 1399:On April 20, Kennedy sent a memo to 1297:(piloting and reentry cabin), and a 11138:The Apollo Spacecraft: A Chronology 11120:The Apollo Spacecraft: A Chronology 11102:The Apollo Spacecraft: A Chronology 11084:The Apollo Spacecraft: A Chronology 11013:Project Apollo: The Tough Decisions 10084:The Apollo Spacecraft: A Chronology 9295:Brooks, Grimwood & Swenson 1979 9222: 8495:Grinter, Kay (September 28, 2011). 7974:Brooks, Grimwood & Swenson 1979 7843:Brooks, Grimwood & Swenson 1979 7786: 7748:Brooks, Grimwood & Swenson 1979 7646:Brooks, Grimwood & Swenson 1979 7627:from the original on April 15, 2010 7527:Brooks, Grimwood & Swenson 1979 7453:Brooks, Grimwood & Swenson 1979 7378:Chrysler Corp. (January 13, 1967). 6894:Brooks, Grimwood & Swenson 1979 6751:Leary, Warren E. (March 27, 2002). 6582:Brooks, Grimwood & Swenson 1979 6566:Brooks, Grimwood & Swenson 1979 6523:Brooks, Grimwood & Swenson 1979 6483:Brooks, Grimwood & Swenson 1979 6431:Brooks, Grimwood & Swenson 1979 6415:Brooks, Grimwood & Swenson 1979 6372: 5919:Brooks, Grimwood & Swenson 1979 5524:Brooks, Grimwood & Swenson 1979 4824:In a November 16, 2009, editorial, 4452: 3742:For a more comprehensive list, see 3572: 2970:For a more comprehensive list, see 2286:between May 1964 and January 1966. 1258:Apollo spacecraft feasibility study 24: 21995:Space program of the United States 20124:Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act 20114:Assassination of James A. Garfield 18934:Weather and environment monitoring 17050:Japanese Lunar Exploration Program 13736:National Aeronautics and Space Act 12623:Lunar Seismic Profiling Experiment 12611:Solar Wind Spectrometer Experiment 11427: 11289:at the NASA History Program Office 11278:(PDF), NASA, JSC-09423, April 1975 11220:at the NASA History Program Office 11132:October 1, 1964 – January 20, 1966 10769:. New York: Simon & Schuster. 10560: 10435: 10364:. New York: Simon & Schuster. 10030: 10002: 9802:from websites or documents of the 9700:Kenny, Glenn (February 27, 2019). 9310:Interplanetary Monitoring Platform 9037:Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 8671: 8651:40th Anniversary of Apollo Program 8295: 7978:"Apollo 8: The First Lunar Voyage" 7250:National Space Science Data Center 7105:"Astronaut Bio: Deke Slayton 6/93" 5871:Sietzen, Frank (October 2, 1997). 5609: 4932: 4916:Interplanetary Monitoring Platform 4805:Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 3737: 3248:for extended-stay lunar landings. 2715:of about 50,000 feet (15 km). 2183: 2176:, and the project was overseen by 637:Pacific Spaceport Complex – Alaska 613:Cape Canaveral Space Force Station 25: 22006: 20156:Assassination of William McKinley 16340:Lilith (hypothetical second moon) 14690:Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope 14244:Commercial Lunar Payload Services 12576:Solar Wind Composition Experiment 11205: 10633:. New York: Cooper Square Press. 10616:NASA Report JSC-09423, April 1975 10213: 10080: 10010:, first session. April 13, 1961. 9763:Travis, Ben (November 11, 2022). 9424:"Apollo 8: Christmas at the Moon" 9307:Butler, P. M. (August 29, 1989). 8119: 7774: 7762: 7732: 7696:Report of Apollo 204 Review Board 7668:Report of Apollo 204 Review Board 7297:McDivitt, James A. (April 1971). 7198:McDivitt, James A. (March 1970). 7131:"Astronaut Bio: Harrison Schmitt" 7107:. NASA. June 1993. Archived from 6293:International Standard Atmosphere 6252: 5971: 5834:Kennedy, John F. (May 25, 1961). 4964:The Apollo program also affected 4769:was delayed too long to save it. 4654:Launch vehicle engine development 3544:revised for the extended missions 3380:, and returning safely to Earth. 3072: 2041:Apollo command and service module 1870:Apollo command and service module 1606:rockets at the northernmost end: 1436: 1229:Apollo command and service module 21937: 21925: 21913: 21901: 21889: 21863: 21854: 21853: 21818: 21817: 20375:Assassination of John F. Kennedy 20168:Nadir of American race relations 20047:Assassination of Abraham Lincoln 19517: 19507: 19506: 18655:Moon landing conspiracy theories 16408: 16362: 16361: 16303:Moon landing conspiracy theories 15226: 15081: 15070: 15069: 14985:Apollo 15 postal covers incident 14743:Space Flight Operations Facility 13929:Operations and Checkout Building 12766:Category:Apollo program hardware 12761: 12760: 11282:NASA History Series Publications 11157:January 21, 1966 – July 13, 1974 11066:. New York: St. Martin's Press. 10854:Details the flight of Apollo 13. 10510:Townsend, Neil A. (March 1973). 10448:Mineralogical Society of America 10314:Apollo: A Retrospective Analysis 10311:Launius, Roger D. (July 2004) . 10032:1974 NASA Authorization Hearings 9798: This article incorporates 9793: 9756: 9728: 9693: 9662: 9643:Goodsell, Luke (July 17, 2019). 9636: 9610: 9584: 9519: 9454: 9442: 9416: 9384: 9339: 9300: 9250: 9174: 9116:Robinson, Mark (July 27, 2012). 9109: 9091:"Apollo Landing Sites Revisited" 9082: 9055: 9025: 9003: 8949: 8927: 8905: 8871:"How Richard Nixon Changed NASA" 8862: 8835: 8749: 8737: 8665: 8638: 8623: 8590: 8540: 8514: 8488: 8433: 8407: 8396: 8371: 8316: 8289: 8259: 8229: 8199: 8139: 8057: 8008: 7983: 7874: 7852: 7780: 7219:"Apollo 12 Lunar Module / ALSEP" 6943: 5783:Apollo: A Retrospective Analysis 5683:Apollo: A Retrospective Analysis 5554:10.1046/j.0360-4918.2003.00085.x 5475:(Press release). Cleveland, OH: 5388: 5371: 5028: 4507:Lunar Sample Laboratory Facility 4483: 4467: 3488:, but that's a long one for me. 3111: 3019:, designed to accommodate lunar 2900:and lands himself and navigator 2867:Apollo Mission Flight Plan, 1967 2856: 2834: 2822: 2810: 2793: 2781: 2769: 2753: 2737: 2720: 2699: 2680: 2661: 2640: 2619: 2596: 2239: 2010: 1885:, would be nearly impossible in 1690:Operations and Checkout Building 1517:Cape Canaveral Air Force Station 1081:twelve people walked on the Moon 20077:First transcontinental railroad 18978:Space launch market competition 18725: 18372:Lunar Polar Exploration Mission 16903:List of extraterrestrial rovers 15725:Selenographic coordinate system 14204:Lunar Precursor Robotic Program 12394:Launch Vehicle Digital Computer 12206:Apollo Lunar Sounder Experiment 11269: 11096:From origin to November 7, 1962 11011:Seamans, Robert C. Jr. (2005). 10976:(1st U.S. ed.). New York: 10546:. New York: Bantam Paperbacks. 9984:Compton, William David (1989). 9538:The Economist Newspaper Limited 9526:Lexington, ed. (May 21, 2011). 9064:"LRO Sees Apollo Landing Sites" 9035:(Press release). Chōfu, Tokyo: 8125:Apollo 12 Lunar Surface Journal 7756: 7715: 7611: 7571:"Delay after Delay after Delay" 7562: 7416: 7386: 7344: 7317: 7290: 7265: 7236: 7211: 7191: 7176: 7123: 7097: 6997: 6968: 6937: 6903: 6875: 6863: 6851: 6795: 6770: 6744: 6732: 6678:"Apollo Program Summary Report" 6643:Dumoulin, Jim (June 29, 2001). 6603: 6591: 6541:Managing NASA in the Apollo Era 6532: 6442: 6344: 6318: 6277: 6246: 6212: 6181: 6138:The American Presidency Project 6122: 6065: 5994: 5965: 5956:Gross Domestic Product deflator 5891: 5864: 5852: 5773:Launius, Roger D. (July 1994). 5766: 5673:Launius, Roger D. (July 1994). 5666: 5638:"Memorandum for Vice President" 5614: 5603: 5591: 5378: 5361: 5275:(2019), TV series depicting an 5078:"Moon" from the BBC miniseries 4748:Spacecraft Lunar Module Adapter 4478:, returned from Apollo 15. 3649:Office of Management and Budget 3592:George C. Marshall Space Center 3410:in May 1969 by Gemini veterans 3120:Charred Apollo 1 cabin interior 2654:Spacecraft Lunar Module Adapter 2427:rocket launches Apollo 11, 1969 2161:) on the Moon, photographed by 1799:Early Apollo configuration for 1703: 1299:propulsion and equipment module 1012:the first men on the Moon from 847:Space Weather Prediction Center 820:Federal Aviation Administration 630:Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport 19215:Health threat from cosmic rays 16252:Artificial objects on the Moon 12684:Lunar Landing Research Vehicle 12564:Lunar Laser Ranging experiment 12534:Thermal Micrometeoroid Garment 12031:"Houston, we've had a problem" 11520:Cape Kennedy Air Force Station 10885:10.1016/j.spacepol.2022.101516 10251:Johns Hopkins University Press 9907:. NASA SP-4205. Archived from 9809: 8783:10.1016/j.spacepol.2022.101476 8164:Apollo Expeditions to the Moon 7801:Apollo Expeditions to the Moon 6379:Davies, Dave (June 12, 2019). 6194:Office of the Federal Register 6049:. NASA SP-4201. Archived from 5742:"Memorandum for the President" 5597: 5579: 5574: 5568: 5542:Presidential Studies Quarterly 5533: 5453: 5439: 3608:Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center 3565:in April 1970, headed for the 3425:The G mission was achieved on 3188:Uncrewed Saturn V and LM tests 3051:Russell L. "Rusty" Schweickart 2577:NASA Exceptional Service Medal 1580:soon after his death in 1973. 1523:would be included in the MSC. 1339:was elected president after a 792:National Reconnaissance Office 13: 1: 15343:Total penumbral lunar eclipse 13343:HL-20 Personnel Launch System 12643:Cold Cathode Gauge Experiment 12618:Modular Equipment Transporter 12274:Stolen and missing Moon rocks 12047:Modular Equipment Transporter 11318: 11276:Apollo Program Summary Report 11259:Lunar and Planetary Institute 11240:National Air and Space Museum 11160: 10604:Apollo Program Summary Report 10509: 10360:; Cox, Catherine Bly (1989). 10006:(Hearing). Washington, D.C.: 9839: 9397:National Air and Space Museum 8848:MIT Center for Space Research 8756:Dreier, Casey (May 1, 2022). 8183:. NASA SP-350. Archived from 8100:Urban Legends Reference Pages 7820:. NASA SP-350. Archived from 7245:"Apollo: Where are they now?" 7004:"Saturn IB Design Features". 6869: 6857: 6835:. NASA History Office. 1999. 5937:"What Was the U.S. GDP Then?" 5399: 5343:Stolen and missing Moon rocks 5161: 4682:Tracking and data acquisition 3002:Preparation for crewed flight 2540:, a geologist, was the first 2444: 2110:power generation system with 2092:National Air and Space Museum 1976: 1246: 1118:, the iconic 1968 image from 21245:Hispanic and Latino American 20099:Second Industrial Revolution 19933:Nat Turner's slave rebellion 19639:Exploration of North America 19565:History of the United States 18670:List of crewed lunar landers 18630:List of missions to the Moon 18453:Lockheed Martin Lunar Lander 18412:Lunar Crater Radio Telescope 18184:Firefly Aerospace Blue Ghost 17499:SELENE (Kaguya, Okina, Ouna) 17155:Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter 16888:List of missions to the Moon 16318:Moon is made of green cheese 15612:Permanently shadowed craters 15022:Space program on U.S. stamps 14947:Gemini and Apollo medallions 14897:Solar System Family Portrait 14673:Joint Polar Satellite System 14542:Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter 13796:Vision for Space Exploration 13766:Space Exploration Initiative 12743:Rendezvous Docking Simulator 12554:Portable Life Support System 12463:Apollo Abort Guidance System 11295:Apollo Lunar Surface Journal 11010: 10962:; Toomey, Christine (2004). 10805:, and Apollo space programs. 10753:The New York Review of Books 10619: 10591:Resources in other libraries 10538: 10362:Apollo: The Race to the Moon 10310: 10241:Johnson, Stephen B. (2002). 10240: 9983: 9950: 9928:. New York: Modern Library. 9924:Burrows, William E. (1999). 9923: 9840:Bilstein, Roger E. (1996) . 9460: 9448: 9297:, pp. 181–182, 205–208. 8743: 8065:"Apollo 11 Mission Overview" 7902: 7273:"Apollo 13's Booster Impact" 6738: 6586:Ch. 4.4, "Pressures by PSAC" 6313: 5747:Office of the Vice President 5404: 5338:Soviet crewed lunar programs 5333:List of missions to the Moon 5303:Apollo 11 in popular culture 5233: 4946:photograph taken on December 4819:Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter 4726:developing the Space Shuttle 4633:Cost (original, billion $ ) 3590:on Merritt Island, Florida, 3588:John F. Kennedy Space Center 3404:portable life support system 2374: 2304:A Saturn IB rocket launches 1926:Marshall Space Flight Center 1727:Marshall Space Flight Center 1656:launch from the firing room. 1535:President Kennedy speaks at 1511:, Texas, on land donated by 1507:(MSC). A site was chosen in 1467:Marshall Space Flight Center 1216:The program was named after 1182:human spaceflight milestones 447:Robotic spaceflight programs 7: 20769:Indictments of Donald Trump 19960:First Industrial Revolution 19794:Declaration of Independence 19784:Second Continental Congress 19331:Self-replicating spacecraft 19167:International Space Station 18512:International Lunar Network 15017:U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame 14974:We choose to go to the Moon 14937:Apollo 11 goodwill messages 14495:International Space Station 14475:Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter 14214:Great Observatories program 14058:International Space Station 14036:Roscosmos State Corporation 13953:Science Mission Directorate 13899:Manned Space Flight Network 13238:International Space Station 12722:Apollo 11 goodwill messages 12211:Fe, Fi, Fo, Fum, and Phooey 11535:Manned Space Flight Network 10656: 10394: 10214:Heppenheimer, T.A. (1999). 10154: 9960:. New York: Penguin Books. 9591:Jones, Sam (May 25, 2009). 9184:. NASA History Office. 1999 6597: 6510: 6498: 6225:NASA History Program Office 5815:Key Apollo Source Documents 5715:Key Apollo Source Documents 5295: 4782:International Space Station 4738:Apollo Applications Program 4732:Apollo Applications Program 4710: 4700: 4692: 4684: 4674: 4664: 4656: 4648: 4640: 3793: 3779: 3301:Crewed development missions 2904:on the Moon, July 20, 1969. 2553:Distinguished Service Medal 2408: 2289: 1864:on July 20, 1969: a single 1152:Apollo Applications Program 1004:program carried out by the 797:United States Space Command 647:Vandenberg Space Force Base 413:International Space Station 331:United States space program 182:December 19, 1972 10: 22011: 21985:Human spaceflight programs 21970:1970s in the United States 21965:1960s in the United States 21366: 21128: 20790: 20661:Killing of Osama bin Laden 19749:First Continental Congress 19594: 18845:Space Liability Convention 16245:Craters named after people 15718:Transient lunar phenomenon 15366:Solar eclipses on the Moon 14834:NASA cameras on spacecraft 14645:James Webb Space Telescope 14557:Solar Dynamics Observatory 13778:U.S. National Space Policy 13535:Command and service module 13353:Manned Orbiting Laboratory 13219:human spaceflight programs 13152:Command and Service Module 12689:Mobile quarantine facility 12633:Lunar Surface Magnetometer 11594:Command and Service Module 11496: 11345:The Project Apollo Archive 10899:International Organization 10759: 10487:John F. Kennedy, President 10480: 10330:Mindell, David A. (2008). 9786: 9473:Petsko, Gregory A (2011). 6912:Apollo Systems Description 6570:Ch. 3.7, "Casting the Die" 5646:(Memorandum). Boston, MA: 5620: 5585: 5318:Leslie Cantwell collection 5193:From the Earth to the Moon 5012: 4855:NASA spin-off technologies 4852: 4814:Beginning in 2009, NASA's 4735: 4698:Operation of installations 4573:created through the impact 4503:Lunar Receiving Laboratory 4456: 3787: 3741: 3727: 3123: 2969: 2575:, were awarded the lesser 2448: 2412: 2378: 2293: 2243: 2137: 2038: 2035:Command and service module 1980: 1889:. LOR advocates including 1773: 1670:Vertical Assembly Building 1587: 1554:climb the highest mountain 1484: 1366:On April 12, 1961, Soviet 1324: 1255: 1069:command and service module 372:Human spaceflight programs 156:October 11, 1968 130:October 27, 1961 21839: 21805: 21749: 21713: 21701: 21440: 21414: 21376: 21372: 21361: 21134: 21123: 20796: 20785: 20651: 20554: 20482: 20383: 20294: 20245:Wall Street Crash of 1929 20176: 20057: 20042:Emancipation Proclamation 19973: 19896: 19844: 19811:Articles of Confederation 19764: 19649:Native American epidemics 19629: 19604: 19600: 19589: 19571: 19501: 19468: 19421: 19373: 19259: 19208:Space adaptation syndrome 19195: 19100: 19020: 19011: 18899: 18733: 18678: 18607: 18473: 18430: 18364: 18355: 18280: 18255: 18206: 18174: 18098: 18089: 17920: 17838: 17758: 17672: 17560: 17507: 17327: 17318:List of Apollo astronauts 17267: 17258: 17238: 17222: 17196: 17120: 17111: 16962: 16911: 16898:Rover (space exploration) 16872: 16845: 16832:Space Exploration Vehicle 16759: 16713: 16662: 16627: 16602: 16565: 16528: 16485: 16446: 16439: 16416: 16356: 16185: 16153: 16058: 15975: 15895: 15734: 15437: 15235: 15224: 15146: 15137: 15065: 14965: 14842: 14757: 14702: 14665: 14464: 14274: 14261: 14191: 14105: 14095: 14050: 13976: 13965: 13909:Vehicle Assembly Building 13817: 13716: 13706: 13645: 13567: 13484: 13433: 13325: 13262: 13251: 13225: 13132: 12969: 12812: 12758: 12730: 12697: 12661: 12638:Lunar Traverse Gravimeter 12586:Active Seismic Experiment 12544: 12516: 12498:Descent propulsion system 12453: 12402: 12369: 12338: 12287: 12261: 12219: 12154: 12138: 12070: 12039: 12023: 11969: 11895: 11872: 11839: 11791: 11738: 11667: 11621: 11614: 11581: 11543: 11507: 11460: 11452:List of Apollo astronauts 11435: 11377:The Time of Apollo (1975) 11364:The Time of Apollo (1975) 11314:by W. David Woods, et al. 10912:10.1017/S0020818318000139 10708:In the Shadow of the Moon 10586:Resources in your library 10155:Hansen, James R. (1999). 10118: 9850:. Washington D.C.: NASA. 8604:. NASA. September 1, 2016 8573:"Extravehicular Activity" 8044:"Extravehicular Activity" 7721: 7382:(Technical report). NASA. 7183:Gatland, Kenneth (1976). 6950:Encyclopedia Astronautica 6898:"Portents for Operations" 6884:, p. 85. See footnote 61. 6527:"Settling the Mode Issue" 5820:November 8, 2020, at the 5720:November 8, 2020, at the 5328:List of crewed spacecraft 5105:In the Shadow of the Moon 4843: 4520:samples derived from the 4163:First crewed landing, in 3600:Michoud Assembly Facility 3472:Production lunar landings 3205:sequence of mission types 3053:. Mercury/Gemini veteran 2649:Transposition and docking 2524:, and Lunar Module Pilot 2451:List of Apollo astronauts 2284:White Sands Missile Range 2274:, four LES test flights ( 2272:qualification test flight 1848:Lunar Surface Rendezvous: 1321:Political pressure builds 1180:Apollo set several major 1093:(pictured) walked on the 927:Sierra Nevada Corporation 871:Commercial space industry 787:United States Space Force 284: 263: 258: 232: 220: 204: 196: 170: 144: 118: 110: 93: 88: 80: 69: 59: 51: 46: 37: 21731:Northern Mariana Islands 20304:Strike wave of 1945–1946 18941:Communications satellite 18615:Colonization of the Moon 15129: 14980:Apollo 8 Genesis reading 14904:The Day the Earth Smiled 14239:Solar Terrestrial Probes 13698: 12628:Lunar Surface Gravimeter 12503:Ascent propulsion system 12478:Lunar Sounder Experiment 12473:Apollo Guidance Computer 12468:Apollo Docking Mechanism 11334:Arizona State University 10927:. New York: Avon Books. 10923:; Stoff, Joshua (1999). 10824:Houghton Mifflin Company 9494:10.1186/gb-2011-12-4-112 9370:10.1109/TNS.1971.4325871 9126:Arizona State University 8937:. NASA. February 1, 1967 8814:2009 NASA Cost Symposium 8630:Chaikin, Andrew (2007). 8550:. US: NASA. July 9, 2009 7303:Apollo 14 Mission Report 7201:Apollo 12 Mission Report 7007:Saturn IB News Reference 6882:Dawson & Bowles 2004 5879:. SpaceCast News Service 5499:"Project Olympus (1962)" 5354: 5166:Some missions have been 4927:Apollo Guidance Computer 4590:of launch vehicles, the 4578: 3730:Canceled Apollo missions 3693:Apollo 16 landed in the 2993:A third Saturn IB test, 2913:, and Apollo 11) used a 2542:NASA scientist astronaut 2479:Donald K. "Deke" Slayton 1674:mobile launcher platform 1584:Launch Operations Center 1505:Manned Spacecraft Center 1481:Manned Spacecraft Center 1303:General Dynamics/Convair 1293:cabin separate from the 1148:Saturn family of rockets 1047:mission when astronauts 1000:, was the United States 842:Office of Space Commerce 518:Solar System Exploration 21980:Exploration of the Moon 21266:Middle Eastern American 21083:Technology and industry 19953:Seneca Falls Convention 19754:Continental Association 19654:Settlement of Jamestown 19445:reusable launch systems 19062:Extravehicular activity 18973:Commercial use of space 18877:Militarisation of space 18850:Registration Convention 18766:Accidents and incidents 18665:Apollo 11 anniversaries 18502:European Lunar Explorer 17725:Pragyan (Chandrayaan-2) 16266:Moon in science fiction 15771:Giant-impact hypothesis 15619:South Pole–Aitken basin 15037:Other primates in space 14749:Deep Space Atomic Clock 14569:Mars Science Laboratory 14357:Spitzer Space Telescope 13946:Lunar Sample Laboratory 13889:Launch Services Program 13173:Exploration of the Moon 12569:list of retroreflectors 12332:Apollo program hardware 11064:Deke!: An Autobiography 10446:(1). Washington, D.C.: 10038:, first session. 1973. 9402:Smithsonian Institution 9320:. pp. 1, 11, 134. 9089:Townsend, Jason (ed.). 8877:. The Planetary Society 8846:. 69-5. Cambridge, MA: 6487:"Early Reaction to LOR" 5979:Langley Research Center 5313:Exploration of the Moon 5015:Apollo 11 missing tapes 4849:Science and engineering 4621:programs are included. 3744:List of Apollo missions 3021:extravehicular activity 2972:List of Apollo missions 2709:Descent orbit insertion 2520:, Command Module Pilot 2270:. After an August 1963 2127:North American Aviation 2118:reactants. A high-gain 2096:Smithsonian Institution 2072:reaction control system 1770:Choosing a mission mode 1737:) reported to Mueller. 1501:Langley Research Center 1448:North American Aviation 1311:Glenn L. Martin Company 1211: 1075:on the Moon, the last, 781:National security space 625:Wallops Flight Facility 21386:Admission to the Union 20752:Afghanistan withdrawal 20747:January 6 insurrection 20666:Rise in mass shootings 20638:Virginia Tech shooting 20191:Paris Peace Conference 19965:Second Great Awakening 19704:American Enlightenment 19493:Mission control center 19455:Non-rocket spacelaunch 18889:Billionaire space race 17851:Emirates Lunar Mission 16287:futuristic exploration 15810:Late Heavy Bombardment 15052:National Astronaut Day 14995:The Astronaut Monument 14817:Space Shuttle missions 14517:Mars Exploration Rover 14500:Hubble Space Telescope 14409:Kepler space telescope 14209:Earth Observing System 14183:Mars Exploration Rover 13894:Mercury Control Center 12674:Launch Umbilical Tower 12488:Apollo Telescope Mount 12269:Lunar orbit rendezvous 12130:Postal covers incident 12120:Hadley Rille meteorite 11994:Bench Crater meteorite 11515:Mission Control Center 11386:The Journeys of Apollo 11301:June 18, 2004, at the 11255:Lunar Mission Timeline 11212:Apollo program history 10921:Pellegrino, Charles R. 10858:McMahon, Adam (2022). 10658:Cooper, Henry S.F. Jr. 9800:public domain material 8155:"Tan Dust On Surveyor" 7663:Seamans, Robert C. Jr. 6651:. NASA. Archived from 6332:. p. 443. SP-4206 6261:. NASA. Archived from 6227:. NASA. Archived from 6221:"VAB Nears Completion" 5056:The Greatest Adventure 5040:Footprints on the Moon 4966:environmental activism 4954: 4841: 4800: 4752:Apollo Telescope Mount 4646:Saturn launch vehicles 4600:scientific experiments 3671: 3554: 3511: 3496: 3469: 3391: 3318: 3151: 3121: 2967: 2915:free return trajectory 2905: 2711:, which takes it to a 2528: 2481:, one of the original 2474: 2428: 2393:, powered by a single 2309: 2215:, and the even larger 2208: 2165: 2099: 2059: 2004: 1951: 1856:Lunar Orbit Rendezvous 1836:Earth Orbit Rendezvous 1808: 1805:Earth Orbit Rendezvous 1792: 1657: 1570: 1540: 1521:Mission Control Center 1475:Saturn launch vehicles 1434: 1396: 1274:, and eventual crewed 1166:Test Project, a joint 1126: 1106: 942:United Launch Alliance 21378:Territorial evolution 20742:George Floyd Protests 20725:Unite the Right rally 20594:Oklahoma City bombing 20589:Republican Revolution 20536:Space Shuttle program 20358:Civil Rights Movement 20326:North Atlantic Treaty 20134:Sherman Antitrust Act 20119:Chinese Exclusion Act 19709:French and Indian War 19699:Prelude to Revolution 19684:First Great Awakening 19644:European colonization 19343:Spacecraft propulsion 18793:European Space Agency 18460:Lunar Orbital Station 17912:Peregrine Mission One 16739:Lunar Terrain Vehicle 16653:Peregrine Mission One 16643:Peregrine Mission One 16347:Splitting of the Moon 16259:Memorials on the Moon 15863:Lunar sample displays 15545:Peak of eternal light 15000:Lunar sample displays 14990:Space Mirror Memorial 14932:Voyager Golden Record 14824:United States rockets 14016: (with the 13924:Launch Control Center 12429:Apollo service module 12415:Apollo command module 11939:Lunar sample displays 11311:Apollo Flight Journal 9811:Beschloss, Michael R. 9560:Greenfieldboyce, Nell 9158:. November 16, 2009. 9013:. NASA. July 10, 2015 7943:"Poised for the Leap" 7671:. NASA History Office 7621:"The Phillips Report" 7111:on September 29, 2006 6436:Early Reaction to LOR 6169:. NASA. February 1987 6132:(February 19, 1973). 5859:Murray & Cox 1989 5477:Lewis Research Center 5460:Murray & Cox 1989 5426:The Planetary Society 5129:James May on the Moon 4940: 4908:electronic technology 4853:Further information: 4832: 4795: 3670:used on Apollos 15–17 3666: 3552: 3528:Richard F. Gordon Jr. 3509: 3482: 3478:Charles "Pete" Conrad 3456: 3386: 3316: 3163:, replacing him with 3145: 3119: 3057:, Eisele, and rookie 2965: 2950:Uncrewed flight tests 2889: 2802:Trans-Earth injection 2587:Lunar mission profile 2515: 2458: 2422: 2303: 2191: 2147: 2089: 2048: 1990: 1946: 1798: 1783: 1666:Launch Control Center 1640: 1556:? Why, 35 years ago, 1550: 1534: 1421: 1384: 1154:, which consisted of 1112: 1089: 662:Space launch vehicles 100:$ 25.4 billion (1973) 21975:Engineering projects 21292:Palestinian American 20719:Obergefell v. Hodges 20611:September 11 attacks 20447:Second-wave feminism 20368:Cuban Missile Crisis 20228:Bath School disaster 20146:Spanish–American War 20109:The Gospel of Wealth 19988:California Gold Rush 19948:Mexican–American War 19938:Nullification crisis 19906:Era of Good Feelings 19806:Confederation period 19714:Proclamation of 1763 19664:Atlantic slave trade 18968:Satellite navigation 18625:List of lunar probes 18620:Google Lunar X Prize 18569:Project Harvest Moon 17682:Lunar Roving Vehicle 17162:(relay satellite at 16495:Lunar Roving Vehicle 14018:Soviet space program 13936:Johnson Space Center 13904:Kennedy Space Center 13867:spinoff technologies 13348:Man in Space Soonest 13166:Lunar Roving Vehicle 12738:Lunar escape systems 12648:Heat Flow Experiment 12559:Lunar Roving Vehicle 12189:Lunar sample display 12179:Nansen-Apollo crater 11606:Lunar Roving Vehicle 11582:Spacecraft and rover 11530:Kennedy Space Center 11330:Apollo Image Archive 11047:September 1960, to 5 9675:Entertainment Weekly 9118:"Question Answered!" 8935:"Manned Venus Flyby" 8304:on November 15, 2005 8277:on February 12, 2023 8247:on February 12, 2023 8217:on February 12, 2023 8187:on February 19, 2008 7913:. New York: Viking. 7824:on February 19, 2008 7763:Ertel & al. 1978 7544:"Apollo 1: The Fire" 7479:. TN D-8093: 22–25. 7015:Chrysler Corporation 5097:The Wonder of It All 4756:Venus fly-by mission 4383:T. Kenneth Mattingly 4317:Jul 26 – Aug 7, 1971 4271:Jan 31 – Feb 9, 1971 3668:Lunar Roving Vehicle 3540:Lunar Roving Vehicle 3017:Apollo A6L spacesuit 2628:Translunar injection 2252:launch escape system 2222:Saturn rocket family 2076:control its attitude 2068:ablative heat shield 1935:Cuban Missile Crisis 1930:request for proposal 1842:translunar injection 1760:Charles Fishman, in 1754:Bernard A. Schriever 1676:and then moved by a 1590:Kennedy Space Center 1487:Johnson Space Center 1202:Kennedy Space Center 1198:Johnson Space Center 618:Kennedy Space Center 568:NASA Astronaut Corps 245:Kennedy Space Center 103:$ 257 billion (2023) 21741:U.S. Virgin Islands 21227:Lithuanian American 21183:Vietnamese American 20529:End of the Cold War 20519:Invasion of Grenada 20469:Iran hostage crisis 20218:Tulsa race massacre 20025:Election of Lincoln 20020:Dred Scott decision 20008:Kansas–Nebraska Act 19911:Missouri Compromise 19829:Northwest Ordinance 19819:Pennsylvania Mutiny 19814:and Perpetual Union 19774:American Revolution 19689:War of Jenkins' Ear 19353:Electric propulsion 19040:Life-support system 18924:Imagery and mapping 18884:Private spaceflight 18650:Apollo 17 Moon mice 18579:Resource Prospector 18507:First Lunar Outpost 18490:Baden-Württemberg 1 18446:Boeing Lunar Lander 17571:Apollo Lunar Module 17385:(propulsion module) 17350:Apollo Lunar Module 16952:Spacecraft missions 16859:Resource Prospector 15847:Lunar laser ranging 15027:Apollo 17 Moon mice 14883:Pillars of Creation 14790:Space Shuttle crews 14268:(human and robotic) 14262:Individual featured 13845:Ranks and positions 13540:Apollo Lunar Module 13363:Orbital Space Plane 13290:Apollo Applications 12710:Lunar Flag Assembly 12679:Crawler-transporter 12434:Apollo Lunar Module 12052:Fra Mauro formation 12013:Streptococcus mitis 11525:Crawler-transporter 10876:2022SpPol..6201516M 10540:Wilford, John Noble 10423:. NASA SP-2000-4029 10068:. NASA SP-2400-4320 9911:on October 20, 2015 9681:on November 7, 2014 9430:. February 19, 2015 9362:1971ITNS...18..233W 9285:, pp. 125–131. 9132:on October 24, 2012 8823:on October 26, 2011 8774:2022SpPol..6001476D 8734:, pp. 330–332. 8722:, pp. 323–327. 8686:, pp. 132–133. 8602:NASA Curation Lunar 8151:Shepard, Alan B Jr. 8147:Conrad, Charles Jr. 7955:on February 4, 2013 7882:"Mission Objective" 7860:"Mission Objective" 7752:"The Slow Recovery" 7703:on November 5, 2015 7477:NASA Technical Note 7404:on February 1, 2010 7243:Williams, David R. 6167:Kennedy Biographies 6163:"Dr. Kurt H. Debus" 6006:MSFC History Office 5958:figures follow the 5528:"Feasility Studies" 5505:. September 2, 2013 4898:integrated circuits 4866:fireproof materials 4788:Recent observations 4305:Fra Mauro formation 4213:Second landing, in 4068:Russell Schweickart 3718:Harrison H. Schmitt 3695:Descartes Highlands 3610:in Houston, Texas. 3567:Fra Mauro formation 3328:mission, crewed by 3263:V, carrying a Block 3161:Joseph Francis Shea 2945:Development history 2367:to use the uprated 2330:Pratt & Whitney 2316:first stage burned 2282:) were made at the 2170:Apollo Lunar Module 2140:Apollo Lunar Module 2134:Apollo Lunar Module 1983:Apollo (spacecraft) 1874:Apollo Lunar Module 1678:crawler-transporter 1471:Huntsville, Alabama 1272:circumlunar flights 1122:taken by astronaut 1105:, July 20–21, 1969. 1057:Apollo Lunar Module 757:Space Launch System 259:Vehicle information 145:First crewed flight 34: 21391:Historical regions 21347:Transgender people 20905:Capital punishment 20764:Support of Ukraine 20713:Black Lives Matter 20621:War in Afghanistan 20546:Invasion of Panama 20502:Iran–Contra affair 20363:Early–mid Cold War 20233:Harlem Renaissance 20092:Compromise of 1877 20067:Reconstruction era 20003:Fugitive Slave Act 19998:Compromise of 1850 19943:Westward expansion 19881:Louisiana Purchase 19724:Stamp Act Congress 19669:King William's War 19306:Robotic spacecraft 19232:Space and survival 19087:Space colonization 18983:Space architecture 18835:Outer Space Treaty 18318:Cislunar Explorers 16884:(2007 documentary) 16777:Deep Space Systems 16749:Hakuto-R Mission 2 16676:Hakuto-R Mission 1 16618:Hakuto-R Mission 1 16428:(2019–present, on 15996:Lunisolar calendar 15665:Lunar basalt 70017 15412:Tidal acceleration 15267:Perigee and apogee 15157:Internal structure 14829:NASA cancellations 14724:Deep Space Network 14714:Near Earth Network 14199:Living With a Star 14173:Project Prometheus 14153:Planetary Observer 12814:Walked on the Moon 12194:Lunar basalt 70017 12155:Apollo 17 specific 12139:Apollo 16 specific 12071:Apollo 15 specific 12040:Apollo 14 specific 12024:Apollo 13 specific 11970:Apollo 12 specific 11961:In popular culture 11929:Little West crater 11896:Apollo 11 specific 11388:– NASA Documentary 11356:Apollo Image Atlas 11236:The Apollo Program 11218:The Apollo Program 11056:Slayton, Donald K. 10978:Thomas Dunne Books 10972:; introduction by 9879:Samuel C. Phillips 9716:on January 1, 2022 9707:The New York Times 9404:. October 14, 2015 9156:The New York Times 8672:Papike et al. 1998 8159:Cortright, Edgar M 7796:Cortright, Edgar M 7550:. January 27, 1967 7434:on August 20, 2016 6757:The New York Times 6655:on August 19, 2011 6358:The New York Times 6326:"Stages to Saturn" 6253:Craig, Kay (ed.). 6073:Dethloff, Henry C. 6002:"Historical Facts" 5972:Allen, Bob (ed.). 5740:(April 28, 1961). 5738:Johnson, Lyndon B. 5636:(April 20, 1961). 5610:87th Congress 1961 5024:Depictions on film 5003:free-market system 4955: 4923:integrated circuit 4827:The New York Times 4801: 4514:radiometric dating 4393:Plain of Descartes 4303:Third landing, in 4169:Sea of Tranquility 3672: 3555: 3514:Conrad and rookie 3512: 3476:In November 1969, 3443:Sea of Tranquility 3412:Thomas P. Stafford 3392: 3319: 3152: 3122: 2968: 2929:, where a loss of 2906: 2893:pilots the Apollo 2873:Profile variations 2529: 2475: 2429: 2310: 2230:Mercury-Redstone 3 2209: 2166: 2100: 2070:, and had its own 2060: 2005: 1999:Visitor Center in 1809: 1793: 1746:Samuel C. Phillips 1719:D. Brainerd Holmes 1658: 1541: 1397: 1335:In November 1960, 1127: 1107: 525:Planetary Observer 503:Planetary Missions 32: 21877: 21876: 21835: 21834: 21831: 21830: 21396:American frontier 21357: 21356: 21287:Lebanese American 21272:Egyptian American 21207:Estonian American 21197:Albanian American 21191:European American 21168:Japanese American 21158:Filipino American 21119: 21118: 20781: 20780: 20777: 20776: 20730:COVID-19 pandemic 20633:Hurricane Katrina 20574:Los Angeles riots 20464:Watergate scandal 20309:Start of Cold War 20277:Manhattan Project 19864:Whiskey Rebellion 19694:King George's War 19659:Thirteen Colonies 19620:Pre-Columbian Era 19531: 19530: 19478:Flight controller 19255: 19254: 19013:Human spaceflight 18988:Space exploration 18914:Earth observation 18693: 18692: 18539:Lunar Mission One 18496:#dearMoon project 18469: 18468: 18351: 18350: 18196:Lunar Trailblazer 18085: 18084: 17527:Moon Impact Probe 17254: 17253: 16918: 16917: 16817:OrbitBeyond rover 16709: 16708: 16376: 16375: 16326:Natural satellite 15785:Lunar magma ocean 15561:Volcanic features 15097: 15096: 15010:stolen or missing 14807:uncrewed missions 14785:Apollo astronauts 14780:Gemini astronauts 14698: 14697: 14482:2001 Mars Odyssey 14257: 14256: 14133:Mars Surveyor '98 14091: 14090: 14034: (with 13967:Human spaceflight 13961: 13960: 13919:Launch Complex 48 13914:Launch Complex 39 13666: 13665: 13422:Crewed spacecraft 13388: 13387: 13182: 13181: 12772: 12771: 12524:Apollo/Skylab A7L 12298: 12297: 11934:Goodwill messages 11873:Apollo 8 specific 11868: 11867: 11589:Apollo spacecraft 11508:Ground facilities 11478:Launch Complex 39 11473:Launch Complex 37 11468:Launch Complex 34 11445:canceled missions 11231:on April 4, 2012. 11225:"Apollo Spinoffs" 10750:, "Moon Fever" , 10723:978-0-8032-1128-5 10714:Walter Cunningham 10640:978-0-8154-1028-7 10631:Charles Lindbergh 10567:Library resources 10341:978-0-262-13497-2 10185:Harland, David M. 9957:A Man on the Moon 9888:978-0-486-46756-6 9562:(July 16, 2009). 9475:"The blue marble" 8869:Callahan, Jason. 8710:, pp. 49–50. 8674:, pp. 5-001–5-234 7920:978-0-670-81446-6 7909:A Man on the Moon 7775:Ertel et al. 1978 7733:Ertel et al. 1978 7185:Manned Spacecraft 7164:. Robert Pearlman 7137:on March 17, 2011 7029:. December 1965. 6265:on March 28, 2012 6231:on April 28, 2015 6130:Nixon, Richard M. 5277:alternate history 5156:(2019 miniseries) 5140:(2009 miniseries) 5124:(2008 miniseries) 5116:(2008 miniseries) 5075:(1994 miniseries) 4978:on Apollo 8, and 4914:(MOSFETs) in the 4880:, and the use of 4717: 4716: 4690:Ground facilities 4638:Apollo spacecraft 4592:Apollo spacecraft 4550:lunar magma ocean 4443: 4442: 3724:Canceled missions 3659:Extended missions 3653:Caspar Weinberger 3606:, Louisiana, and 3059:Walter Cunningham 3031:Mercury astronaut 2887: 2573:Walter Cunningham 2565:Walter M. Schirra 2347:CSMs (designated 2080:atmospheric entry 2074:(RCS) engines to 1714:George E. Mueller 1662:Launch Complex 39 1660:The LOC included 1646:Wernher von Braun 1624:Wernher von Braun 1532: 1493:Robert R. Gilruth 1404:Lyndon B. Johnson 1349:space exploration 1347:in the fields of 1231:, succeeding the 1177:mission in 1975. 1002:human spaceflight 990: 989: 902:Firefly Aerospace 887:Bigelow Aerospace 315: 314: 285:Launch vehicle(s) 264:Crewed vehicle(s) 16:(Redirected from 22002: 21942: 21941: 21940: 21930: 21929: 21928: 21918: 21917: 21916: 21906: 21905: 21904: 21894: 21893: 21892: 21885: 21867: 21857: 21856: 21821: 21820: 21750:Outlying islands 21707:Washington, D.C. 21702:Federal District 21401:Manifest destiny 21374: 21373: 21363: 21362: 21305:Native Americans 21277:Iranian American 21251:Mexican American 21237:Serbian American 21222:Italian American 21212:Finnish American 21202:English American 21153:Chinese American 21140:African American 21125: 21124: 20930:Direct democracy 20920:The Constitution 20879:Higher education 20802:American Century 20787: 20786: 20240:Great Depression 20213:Women's suffrage 20203:Roaring Twenties 20129:Haymarket affair 20087:Enforcement Acts 19876:Jeffersonian era 19824:Shays' Rebellion 19744:Intolerable Acts 19739:Boston Tea Party 19674:Queen Anne's War 19602: 19601: 19591: 19590: 19558: 19551: 19544: 19535: 19534: 19521: 19510: 19509: 19220:Space psychology 19045:Animals in space 19018: 19017: 18998:Space technology 18840:Rescue Agreement 18720: 18713: 18706: 18697: 18696: 18362: 18361: 18312:Lunar Pathfinder 18096: 18095: 17992:Lunar Flashlight 17479:Lunar Prospector 17265: 17264: 17146:(service module) 17118: 17117: 16945: 16938: 16931: 16922: 16921: 16881:Tank on the Moon 16797:Luna-Grunt rover 16752: 16444: 16443: 16403: 16396: 16389: 16380: 16379: 16369: 16365: 16364: 16349: 16342: 16335: 16328: 16321: 16312: 16305: 16296: 16289: 16282: 16275: 16268: 16261: 16254: 16247: 16238: 16231: 16224: 16217: 16210: 16203: 16196: 16178: 16171: 16169:Meridian passage 16164: 16146: 16139: 16132: 16125: 16118: 16111: 16104: 16097: 16088: 16081: 16074: 16051: 16044: 16037: 16030: 16019: 16012: 16005: 15998: 15991: 15968: 15961: 15952: 15945: 15938: 15931: 15922: 15915: 15908: 15888: 15886:Lunar seismology 15879: 15872: 15865: 15856: 15849: 15842: 15835: 15828: 15821: 15819:Lunar meteorites 15812: 15805: 15798: 15787: 15780: 15773: 15766: 15759: 15752: 15745: 15727: 15720: 15713: 15704: 15697: 15690: 15688:Space weathering 15683: 15674: 15667: 15660: 15653: 15646: 15637: 15630: 15621: 15614: 15607: 15600: 15593: 15584: 15577: 15570: 15563: 15556: 15547: 15540: 15531: 15524: 15513: 15506: 15499: 15492: 15485: 15478: 15471: 15466: 15459: 15452: 15430: 15421: 15414: 15407: 15400: 15393: 15384: 15375: 15368: 15361: 15352: 15345: 15338: 15331: 15324: 15317: 15310: 15301: 15292: 15285: 15278: 15269: 15262: 15255: 15253:Orbital elements 15248: 15230: 15217: 15210: 15203: 15196: 15187: 15180: 15173: 15166: 15159: 15124: 15117: 15110: 15101: 15100: 15085: 15084: 15073: 15072: 14911:Fallen Astronaut 14552:Van Allen Probes 14272: 14271: 14178:Mars Exploration 14103: 14102: 13974: 13973: 13742:Space Task Group 13714: 13713: 13693: 13686: 13679: 13670: 13669: 13415: 13408: 13401: 13392: 13391: 13257: 13209: 13202: 13195: 13186: 13185: 13175: 13168: 13161: 13154: 13147: 13140: 13125: 13113: 13101: 13089: 13077: 13065: 13053: 13041: 13029: 13017: 13001: 12989: 12971:Flew to the Moon 12962: 12950: 12943:Harrison Schmitt 12938: 12926: 12914: 12902: 12890: 12878: 12866: 12854: 12842: 12830: 12799: 12792: 12785: 12776: 12775: 12764: 12763: 12716:Fallen Astronaut 12508:Scimitar antenna 12493:Apollo TV camera 12325: 12318: 12311: 12302: 12301: 12201:Troctolite 76535 12104:Fallen Astronaut 12083:Lunar operations 11919:Tranquility Base 11826:Pad Abort Test-2 11806:Pad Abort Test-1 11619: 11618: 11502: 11461:Launch complexes 11440:List of missions 11422: 11415: 11408: 11399: 11398: 11389: 11369:Internet Archive 11232: 11227:. Archived from 11199: 11171: 11162:Wilhelms, Don E. 11156: 11152: 11150: 11143: 11131: 11127: 11125: 11113: 11109: 11107: 11095: 11091: 11089: 11077: 11060:Cassutt, Michael 11050: 11046: 11042: 11007: 10946: 10916: 10914: 10889: 10887: 10853: 10796: 10743: 10693: 10652: 10621:Collins, Michael 10615: 10611: 10609: 10555: 10535: 10533: 10531: 10525: 10518: 10506: 10504: 10502: 10477: 10432: 10430: 10428: 10391: 10353: 10326: 10324: 10322: 10307: 10280: 10248: 10237: 10235: 10233: 10210: 10180: 10178: 10176: 10163: 10151: 10115: 10113: 10111: 10089: 10077: 10075: 10073: 10059: 10047: 10027: 9999: 9979: 9947: 9920: 9918: 9916: 9867: 9865: 9863: 9848:William R. Lucas 9836: 9797: 9796: 9780: 9779: 9777: 9775: 9760: 9754: 9753: 9751: 9749: 9732: 9726: 9725: 9723: 9721: 9715: 9710:. Archived from 9697: 9691: 9690: 9688: 9686: 9677:. Archived from 9666: 9660: 9659: 9657: 9655: 9640: 9634: 9633: 9631: 9629: 9614: 9608: 9607: 9605: 9603: 9588: 9582: 9581: 9579: 9577: 9556: 9550: 9549: 9547: 9545: 9528:"Apollo plus 50" 9523: 9517: 9516: 9506: 9496: 9470: 9464: 9458: 9452: 9446: 9440: 9439: 9437: 9435: 9420: 9414: 9413: 9411: 9409: 9388: 9382: 9381: 9343: 9337: 9336: 9334: 9332: 9326: 9315: 9304: 9298: 9292: 9286: 9280: 9274: 9273: 9271: 9269: 9254: 9248: 9247: 9245: 9234: 9226: 9220: 9219: 9217: 9215: 9200: 9194: 9193: 9191: 9189: 9178: 9172: 9171: 9169: 9167: 9152:"The Human Moon" 9148: 9142: 9141: 9139: 9137: 9128:. Archived from 9122:LROC News System 9113: 9107: 9106: 9104: 9102: 9086: 9080: 9079: 9077: 9075: 9059: 9053: 9052: 9050: 9048: 9039:. May 20, 2008. 9029: 9023: 9022: 9020: 9018: 9007: 9001: 9000: 8998: 8996: 8990:history.nasa.gov 8982: 8973: 8972: 8970: 8968: 8961: 8953: 8947: 8946: 8944: 8942: 8931: 8925: 8924: 8922: 8920: 8909: 8903: 8902: 8893: 8887: 8886: 8884: 8882: 8866: 8860: 8859: 8839: 8833: 8832: 8830: 8828: 8822: 8811: 8802: 8796: 8795: 8785: 8753: 8747: 8741: 8735: 8729: 8723: 8717: 8711: 8705: 8699: 8693: 8687: 8681: 8675: 8669: 8663: 8662: 8660: 8658: 8642: 8636: 8635: 8627: 8621: 8620: 8617: 8611: 8609: 8594: 8588: 8587: 8585: 8583: 8577:history.nasa.gov 8569: 8560: 8559: 8557: 8555: 8544: 8538: 8537: 8535: 8533: 8518: 8512: 8511: 8509: 8507: 8492: 8486: 8485: 8483: 8481: 8466: 8457: 8456: 8454: 8452: 8437: 8431: 8430: 8428: 8426: 8411: 8405: 8400: 8394: 8393: 8391: 8389: 8375: 8369: 8368: 8366: 8364: 8349: 8340: 8339: 8337: 8335: 8320: 8314: 8313: 8311: 8309: 8293: 8287: 8286: 8284: 8282: 8273:. Archived from 8263: 8257: 8256: 8254: 8252: 8243:. Archived from 8233: 8227: 8226: 8224: 8222: 8213:. Archived from 8203: 8197: 8196: 8194: 8192: 8143: 8137: 8136: 8134: 8132: 8117: 8111: 8110: 8108: 8106: 8087: 8081: 8080: 8078: 8076: 8071:. April 17, 2015 8061: 8055: 8054: 8052: 8050: 8040: 8031: 8030: 8028: 8026: 8012: 8006: 8005: 8003: 8001: 7987: 7981: 7971: 7965: 7964: 7962: 7960: 7939: 7933: 7932: 7900: 7894: 7893: 7891: 7889: 7878: 7872: 7871: 7869: 7867: 7856: 7850: 7840: 7834: 7833: 7831: 7829: 7784: 7778: 7772: 7766: 7760: 7754: 7745: 7736: 7730: 7724: 7719: 7713: 7712: 7710: 7708: 7690: 7681: 7680: 7678: 7676: 7659: 7653: 7643: 7637: 7636: 7634: 7632: 7615: 7609: 7608: 7606: 7604: 7595:. NASA SP-4204. 7566: 7560: 7559: 7557: 7555: 7548:history.nasa.gov 7540: 7534: 7524: 7518: 7517: 7505: 7496: 7495: 7493: 7491: 7485: 7474: 7465: 7456: 7450: 7444: 7443: 7441: 7439: 7430:. Archived from 7420: 7414: 7413: 7411: 7409: 7400:. Archived from 7390: 7384: 7383: 7375: 7369: 7368: 7366: 7364: 7358: 7348: 7342: 7341: 7339: 7337: 7331: 7321: 7315: 7314: 7312: 7310: 7294: 7288: 7287: 7285: 7283: 7269: 7263: 7262: 7260: 7258: 7240: 7234: 7233: 7231: 7229: 7215: 7209: 7208: 7206: 7195: 7189: 7188: 7180: 7174: 7173: 7171: 7169: 7153: 7147: 7146: 7144: 7142: 7127: 7121: 7120: 7118: 7116: 7101: 7095: 7094: 7092: 7090: 7084:history.nasa.gov 7080:"Launch Vehicle" 7076: 7070: 7069: 7067: 7065: 7055: 7046: 7045: 7043: 7041: 7012: 7001: 6995: 6994: 6992: 6990: 6985:. pp. 44–46 6980: 6972: 6966: 6965: 6963: 6961: 6956:on June 17, 2012 6952:. Archived from 6941: 6935: 6934: 6932: 6930: 6924: 6917: 6907: 6901: 6891: 6885: 6879: 6873: 6867: 6861: 6855: 6849: 6848: 6846: 6844: 6829: 6818: 6817: 6815: 6813: 6807:history.nasa.gov 6799: 6793: 6792: 6790: 6788: 6782:history.nasa.gov 6774: 6768: 6767: 6765: 6763: 6748: 6742: 6736: 6730: 6729: 6727: 6725: 6719:history.nasa.gov 6715:"Launch Vehicle" 6711: 6700: 6699: 6697: 6695: 6689: 6682: 6674: 6665: 6664: 6662: 6660: 6645:"Apollo-13 (29)" 6640: 6631: 6630: 6607: 6601: 6595: 6589: 6579: 6573: 6563: 6557: 6556: 6554: 6552: 6545:history.nasa.gov 6536: 6530: 6520: 6514: 6508: 6502: 6496: 6490: 6480: 6474: 6473: 6471: 6469: 6446: 6440: 6428: 6422: 6412: 6406: 6403: 6397: 6396: 6394: 6392: 6376: 6370: 6369: 6367: 6365: 6348: 6342: 6341: 6339: 6337: 6330:history.nasa.gov 6322: 6316: 6311: 6305: 6304: 6302: 6300: 6289:luizmonteiro.com 6281: 6275: 6274: 6272: 6270: 6250: 6244: 6243: 6238: 6236: 6216: 6210: 6209: 6207: 6205: 6185: 6179: 6178: 6176: 6174: 6159: 6153: 6152: 6150: 6148: 6126: 6120: 6119: 6117: 6115: 6099: 6093: 6092: 6069: 6063: 6062: 6060: 6058: 6053:on July 13, 2009 6028: 6022: 6021: 6019: 6017: 6008:. Archived from 5998: 5992: 5991: 5989: 5987: 5969: 5963: 5953: 5951: 5949: 5932: 5926: 5916: 5910: 5909: 5907: 5905: 5895: 5889: 5888: 5886: 5884: 5868: 5862: 5856: 5850: 5849: 5847: 5845: 5831: 5825: 5813: 5811: 5809: 5803: 5788: 5779: 5770: 5764: 5763: 5761: 5759: 5734: 5725: 5713: 5711: 5709: 5703: 5688: 5679: 5670: 5664: 5663: 5661: 5659: 5654:on July 21, 2016 5650:. Archived from 5634:Kennedy, John F. 5630: 5624: 5618: 5612: 5607: 5601: 5595: 5589: 5583: 5577: 5572: 5566: 5565: 5537: 5531: 5521: 5515: 5514: 5512: 5510: 5495: 5489: 5488: 5486: 5484: 5469: 5463: 5457: 5451: 5450: 5449:. July 20, 2019. 5443: 5437: 5436: 5434: 5432: 5418: 5393: 5392: 5382: 5376: 5375: 5365: 5153:Chasing the Moon 4949: 4838: 4797:Tranquility Base 4627: 4626: 4487: 4471: 4453:Samples returned 4431:Harrison Schmitt 4201:C. "Pete" Conrad 4165:Tranquility Base 3878:Roger B. Chaffee 3749: 3748: 3651:Deputy Director 3639: 3582:of the upcoming 3573:Mission cutbacks 3533: 3500: 3494: 3467: 3452: 3358: 3354: 3349: 3327: 3307: 3296: 3292: 3288: 3283:pogo oscillation 3266: 3262: 3258: 3254: 3240:lunar landings, 3199: 3182: 3178: 3149: 3133: 3092: 3084: 3068: 2956: 2931:attitude control 2888: 2860: 2847:aircraft carrier 2838: 2826: 2814: 2797: 2785: 2773: 2757: 2741: 2724: 2703: 2684: 2665: 2644: 2623: 2609: 2606:The three Saturn 2600: 2538:Harrison Schmitt 2466:, command pilot 2264:General Dynamics 2030: 2029: 2026: 2025: 2022: 2019: 2016: 2001:Winslow, Arizona 1960: 1687: 1683: 1567: 1563: 1558:fly the Atlantic 1533: 1497:Space Task Group 1430: 1307:General Electric 1287:Space Task Group 996:, also known as 982: 975: 968: 922:Northrop Grumman 488:Mars Exploration 361:U.S. Space Force 347: 342: 333: 317: 316: 221:Partial failures 189: 187: 163: 161: 137: 135: 47:Program overview 42: 35: 31: 21: 22010: 22009: 22005: 22004: 22003: 22001: 22000: 21999: 21950: 21949: 21948: 21938: 21936: 21926: 21924: 21914: 21912: 21902: 21900: 21890: 21888: 21880: 21878: 21873: 21827: 21801: 21745: 21709: 21697: 21436: 21410: 21368: 21353: 21259:Jewish American 21232:Polish American 21173:Korean American 21163:Indian American 21130: 21115: 20970:Merchant Marine 20940:Law enforcement 20792: 20773: 20647: 20643:Great Recession 20550: 20524:Reagan Doctrine 20478: 20457:Stonewall riots 20379: 20353:Project Mercury 20314:Truman Doctrine 20290: 20198:First Red Scare 20172: 20141:Progressive Era 20053: 20013:Bleeding Kansas 19969: 19916:Monroe Doctrine 19892: 19840: 19799:Treaty of Paris 19760: 19734:Boston Massacre 19729:Sons of Liberty 19625: 19596: 19585: 19567: 19562: 19532: 19527: 19497: 19464: 19436:Escape velocity 19417: 19369: 19336:Space telescope 19289:Reentry capsule 19251: 19191: 19096: 19067:Overview effect 19050:Bioastronautics 19007: 18895: 18729: 18724: 18694: 18689: 18674: 18645:Lunar resources 18603: 18475: 18465: 18426: 18357: 18347: 18276: 18251: 18202: 18170: 18091: 18081: 17916: 17908:(Chandrayaan-2) 17839:Failed landings 17834: 17754: 17730:(Chandrayaan-3) 17668: 17655:(Chandrayaan-3) 17556: 17503: 17454:Lunar Orbiter 1 17323: 17268:Crewed landings 17260: 17250: 17234: 17218: 17192: 17167: 17113: 17107: 16999:Lunar Precursor 16966: 16958: 16949: 16919: 16914: 16907: 16868: 16841: 16755: 16743: 16705: 16674:(2022–2023, on 16658: 16623: 16616:(2022–2023, on 16598: 16561: 16542:(2013–2016, on 16524: 16481: 16464:(1970–1971, on 16456:Lunokhod 0 (1A) 16435: 16412: 16407: 16377: 16372: 16360: 16352: 16345: 16338: 16331: 16324: 16315: 16308: 16301: 16292: 16285: 16278: 16271: 16264: 16257: 16250: 16243: 16234: 16229:Man in the Moon 16227: 16220: 16213: 16206: 16199: 16192: 16181: 16174: 16167: 16160: 16154:Daily phenomena 16149: 16142: 16135: 16128: 16121: 16114: 16107: 16102:Super and micro 16100: 16093: 16084: 16077: 16070: 16063: 16054: 16047: 16040: 16033: 16026: 16015: 16008: 16001: 15994: 15987: 15977: 15971: 15966:Lunar resources 15964: 15957: 15948: 15941: 15934: 15927: 15918: 15911: 15904: 15891: 15884: 15875: 15868: 15861: 15852: 15845: 15840: 15831: 15824: 15817: 15808: 15801: 15794: 15783: 15776: 15769: 15762: 15755: 15748: 15741: 15730: 15723: 15716: 15709: 15700: 15693: 15686: 15679: 15670: 15663: 15656: 15649: 15642: 15633: 15626: 15617: 15610: 15603: 15596: 15589: 15580: 15573: 15566: 15559: 15552: 15543: 15536: 15527: 15520: 15509: 15502: 15495: 15490: 15481: 15474: 15469: 15462: 15455: 15448: 15439: 15433: 15426: 15417: 15410: 15403: 15396: 15389: 15380: 15371: 15364: 15357: 15348: 15341: 15334: 15327: 15320: 15313: 15306: 15297: 15288: 15281: 15274: 15265: 15258: 15251: 15244: 15231: 15222: 15213: 15206: 15199: 15192: 15183: 15176: 15169: 15162: 15155: 15148: 15142: 15133: 15128: 15098: 15093: 15061: 14961: 14952:Mission patches 14927:Pioneer plaques 14890:Mystic Mountain 14867:Family Portrait 14860:The Blue Marble 14844: 14838: 14812:Apollo missions 14753: 14705: 14694: 14661: 14466: 14460: 14297:Mercury-Atlas 6 14267: 14263: 14253: 14187: 14123:Mariner Mark II 14087: 14068:Commercial Crew 14046: 13969: 13957: 13941:Mission Control 13840:Astronaut Corps 13835:Chief Scientist 13813: 13718: 13702: 13697: 13667: 13662: 13641: 13563: 13480: 13429: 13419: 13389: 13384: 13368:Orion (nuclear) 13321: 13258: 13249: 13243:Commercial Crew 13221: 13213: 13183: 13178: 13171: 13164: 13157: 13150: 13143: 13136: 13128: 13116: 13104: 13092: 13080: 13068: 13056: 13044: 13034:Michael Collins 13032: 13022:Thomas Stafford 13020: 13004: 12992: 12980: 12973:without landing 12972: 12965: 12953: 12941: 12929: 12917: 12905: 12893: 12881: 12869: 12857: 12845: 12833: 12821: 12808: 12803: 12773: 12768: 12754: 12726: 12693: 12669:Mobile Launcher 12657: 12546: 12540: 12512: 12455: 12449: 12398: 12389:Instrument unit 12371: 12365: 12339:Launch vehicles 12334: 12329: 12299: 12294: 12283: 12257: 12223: 12215: 12163:The Blue Marble 12150: 12134: 12125:Seatbelt basalt 12098:Hadley–Apennine 12093:Return to Earth 12088:Solo operations 12066: 12035: 12019: 11987:Surveyor crater 11977:Statio Cognitum 11965: 11903:Command Module 11891: 11887:Genesis reading 11864: 11835: 11787: 11748:Saturn-Apollo 1 11740: 11734: 11663: 11610: 11577: 11544:Launch vehicles 11539: 11503: 11494: 11456: 11431: 11426: 11384: 11375:The short film 11361:The short film 11321: 11303:Wayback Machine 11272: 11223: 11208: 11203: 11180: 11154: 11148: 11144:. Vol. 4. 11141: 11135: 11129: 11123: 11117: 11111: 11105: 11099: 11094:(131.2 MB) 11093: 11087: 11081: 11074: 11048: 11044: 11041:. NASA SP-4537. 11023: 10988: 10935: 10892: 10857: 10834: 10814:Kluger, Jeffrey 10777: 10724: 10699:French, Francis 10674: 10641: 10613: 10607: 10601: 10597: 10596: 10595: 10575: 10574: 10570: 10563: 10561:Further reading 10558: 10529: 10527: 10523: 10516: 10500: 10498: 10458: 10426: 10424: 10413: 10372: 10358:Murray, Charles 10342: 10320: 10318: 10296: 10261: 10231: 10229: 10199: 10174: 10172: 10161: 10140: 10109: 10107: 10087: 10071: 10069: 10057: 9998:. NASA SP-4214. 9968: 9952:Chaikin, Andrew 9936: 9914: 9912: 9889: 9861: 9859: 9825: 9794: 9789: 9784: 9783: 9773: 9771: 9761: 9757: 9747: 9745: 9733: 9729: 9719: 9717: 9698: 9694: 9684: 9682: 9667: 9663: 9653: 9651: 9641: 9637: 9627: 9625: 9615: 9611: 9601: 9599: 9589: 9585: 9575: 9573: 9557: 9553: 9543: 9541: 9524: 9520: 9471: 9467: 9459: 9455: 9447: 9443: 9433: 9431: 9422: 9421: 9417: 9407: 9405: 9390: 9389: 9385: 9344: 9340: 9330: 9328: 9324: 9313: 9305: 9301: 9293: 9289: 9281: 9277: 9267: 9265: 9256: 9255: 9251: 9243: 9232: 9228: 9227: 9223: 9213: 9211: 9201: 9197: 9187: 9185: 9180: 9179: 9175: 9165: 9163: 9150: 9149: 9145: 9135: 9133: 9114: 9110: 9100: 9098: 9087: 9083: 9073: 9071: 9060: 9056: 9046: 9044: 9031: 9030: 9026: 9016: 9014: 9009: 9008: 9004: 8994: 8992: 8984: 8983: 8976: 8966: 8964: 8959: 8954: 8950: 8940: 8938: 8933: 8932: 8928: 8918: 8916: 8910: 8906: 8895: 8894: 8890: 8880: 8878: 8867: 8863: 8840: 8836: 8826: 8824: 8820: 8809: 8803: 8799: 8754: 8750: 8742: 8738: 8730: 8726: 8718: 8714: 8706: 8702: 8694: 8690: 8682: 8678: 8670: 8666: 8656: 8654: 8643: 8639: 8628: 8624: 8615: 8607: 8605: 8596: 8595: 8591: 8581: 8579: 8571: 8570: 8563: 8553: 8551: 8546: 8545: 8541: 8531: 8529: 8519: 8515: 8505: 8503: 8493: 8489: 8479: 8477: 8476:. July 30, 2015 8468: 8467: 8460: 8450: 8448: 8439: 8438: 8434: 8424: 8422: 8413: 8412: 8408: 8401: 8397: 8387: 8385: 8377: 8376: 8372: 8362: 8360: 8351: 8350: 8343: 8333: 8331: 8321: 8317: 8307: 8305: 8294: 8290: 8280: 8278: 8271:www.hq.nasa.gov 8265: 8264: 8260: 8250: 8248: 8241:www.hq.nasa.gov 8235: 8234: 8230: 8220: 8218: 8211:www.hq.nasa.gov 8205: 8204: 8200: 8190: 8188: 8144: 8140: 8130: 8128: 8118: 8114: 8104: 8102: 8088: 8084: 8074: 8072: 8063: 8062: 8058: 8048: 8046: 8042: 8041: 8034: 8024: 8022: 8014: 8013: 8009: 7999: 7997: 7989: 7988: 7984: 7972: 7968: 7958: 7956: 7941: 7940: 7936: 7921: 7904:Chaikin, Andrew 7901: 7897: 7887: 7885: 7880: 7879: 7875: 7865: 7863: 7858: 7857: 7853: 7841: 7837: 7827: 7825: 7785: 7781: 7773: 7769: 7761: 7757: 7746: 7739: 7731: 7727: 7720: 7716: 7706: 7704: 7691: 7684: 7674: 7672: 7660: 7656: 7644: 7640: 7630: 7628: 7619: 7616: 7612: 7602: 7600: 7567: 7563: 7553: 7551: 7542: 7541: 7537: 7525: 7521: 7514:Popular Science 7506: 7499: 7489: 7487: 7483: 7472: 7466: 7459: 7451: 7447: 7437: 7435: 7422: 7421: 7417: 7407: 7405: 7392: 7391: 7387: 7376: 7372: 7362: 7360: 7356: 7350: 7349: 7345: 7335: 7333: 7329: 7323: 7322: 7318: 7308: 7306: 7295: 7291: 7281: 7279: 7271: 7270: 7266: 7256: 7254: 7241: 7237: 7227: 7225: 7217: 7216: 7212: 7204: 7196: 7192: 7181: 7177: 7167: 7165: 7154: 7150: 7140: 7138: 7129: 7128: 7124: 7114: 7112: 7103: 7102: 7098: 7088: 7086: 7078: 7077: 7073: 7063: 7061: 7057: 7056: 7049: 7039: 7037: 7010: 7003: 7002: 6998: 6988: 6986: 6978: 6974: 6973: 6969: 6959: 6957: 6942: 6938: 6928: 6926: 6922: 6915: 6909: 6908: 6904: 6892: 6888: 6880: 6876: 6868: 6864: 6856: 6852: 6842: 6840: 6831: 6830: 6821: 6811: 6809: 6801: 6800: 6796: 6786: 6784: 6776: 6775: 6771: 6761: 6759: 6749: 6745: 6737: 6733: 6723: 6721: 6713: 6712: 6703: 6693: 6691: 6687: 6680: 6676: 6675: 6668: 6658: 6656: 6641: 6634: 6624: 6608: 6604: 6596: 6592: 6580: 6576: 6564: 6560: 6550: 6548: 6538: 6537: 6533: 6521: 6517: 6509: 6505: 6497: 6493: 6481: 6477: 6467: 6465: 6463: 6447: 6443: 6433:, Chapter 3.2: 6429: 6425: 6413: 6409: 6404: 6400: 6390: 6388: 6377: 6373: 6363: 6361: 6349: 6345: 6335: 6333: 6324: 6323: 6319: 6312: 6308: 6298: 6296: 6283: 6282: 6278: 6268: 6266: 6251: 6247: 6234: 6232: 6219: 6217: 6213: 6203: 6201: 6187: 6186: 6182: 6172: 6170: 6161: 6160: 6156: 6146: 6144: 6127: 6123: 6113: 6111: 6100: 6096: 6089: 6070: 6066: 6056: 6054: 6029: 6025: 6015: 6013: 6012:on June 3, 2016 6000: 5999: 5995: 5985: 5983: 5970: 5966: 5947: 5945: 5933: 5929: 5917: 5913: 5903: 5901: 5897: 5896: 5892: 5882: 5880: 5869: 5865: 5857: 5853: 5843: 5841: 5833: 5832: 5828: 5822:Wayback Machine 5807: 5805: 5801: 5786: 5777: 5771: 5767: 5757: 5755: 5754:on July 1, 2016 5735: 5728: 5722:Wayback Machine 5707: 5705: 5701: 5686: 5677: 5671: 5667: 5657: 5655: 5643:The White House 5631: 5627: 5619: 5615: 5608: 5604: 5596: 5592: 5584: 5580: 5573: 5569: 5538: 5534: 5522: 5518: 5508: 5506: 5497: 5496: 5492: 5482: 5480: 5479:. July 14, 1969 5473:"Release 69-36" 5471: 5470: 5466: 5458: 5454: 5445: 5444: 5440: 5430: 5428: 5420: 5419: 5412: 5407: 5402: 5397: 5396: 5383: 5379: 5366: 5362: 5357: 5352: 5348:Artemis Program 5298: 5272:For All Mankind 5236: 5231: 5164: 5159: 5064:For All Mankind 5031: 5026: 5017: 5011: 4986:The Blue Marble 4981:The Blue Marble 4959:Book of Genesis 4947: 4943:The Blue Marble 4935: 4933:Cultural impact 4886:flight computer 4878:digital imaging 4857: 4851: 4846: 4836: 4790: 4740: 4734: 4581: 4509:built in 1979. 4495: 4494: 4493: 4492: 4491: 4488: 4480: 4479: 4472: 4461: 4455: 4429: 4425: 4418: 4385: 4381: 4374: 4361:Apr 16–27, 1972 4349:Hadley-Apennine 4341: 4337: 4330: 4297: 4293: 4284: 4255: 4251: 4244: 4231:Apr 11–17, 1970 4215:Ocean of Storms 4207: 4203: 4194: 4181:Nov 14–24, 1969 4157: 4155:Michael Collins 4153: 4128:Jul 16–24, 1969 4112: 4108: 4106:Thomas Stafford 4097: 4082:May 18–26, 1969 4066: 4062: 4053: 4024: 4020: 4005:Dec 21–27, 1968 3989: 3987:Walt Cunningham 3985: 3970:Oct 11–22, 1968 3949: 3917:Jan 22–23, 1968 3876: 3872: 3759: 3747: 3740: 3738:Mission summary 3732: 3726: 3714:Ronald E. Evans 3661: 3637: 3575: 3531: 3524:Ocean of Storms 3508: 3498: 3495: 3492: 3474: 3468: 3462: 3450: 3435:Michael Collins 3356: 3352: 3347: 3325: 3315: 3305: 3303: 3294: 3290: 3286: 3264: 3260: 3256: 3252: 3197: 3190: 3180: 3176: 3157:Harrison Storms 3147: 3131: 3128: 3114: 3090: 3082: 3075: 3069:1 backup crew. 3066: 3029:, the grounded 3004: 2975: 2964: 2954: 2952: 2947: 2877: 2875: 2870: 2869: 2868: 2866: 2861: 2850: 2839: 2830: 2827: 2818: 2815: 2806: 2798: 2789: 2786: 2777: 2774: 2765: 2758: 2749: 2742: 2733: 2729:Powered descent 2725: 2716: 2704: 2695: 2685: 2676: 2666: 2657: 2645: 2636: 2624: 2615: 2607: 2601: 2589: 2581:flight director 2522:Michael Collins 2453: 2447: 2417: 2411: 2383: 2377: 2298: 2292: 2248: 2242: 2234:Mercury-Atlas 6 2186: 2184:Launch vehicles 2178:Thomas J. Kelly 2142: 2136: 2112:liquid hydrogen 2043: 2037: 2013: 2009: 1985: 1979: 1958: 1911:science advisor 1787:explaining the 1778: 1772: 1706: 1698:vacuum chambers 1692:(OCB) to which 1685: 1681: 1632:Kennedy's death 1592: 1586: 1565: 1561: 1546:a famous speech 1537:Rice University 1526: 1513:Rice University 1489: 1483: 1456:its predecessor 1439: 1428: 1395:, May 25, 1961. 1353:missile defense 1337:John F. Kennedy 1333: 1325:Main articles: 1323: 1260: 1254: 1249: 1233:Mercury program 1222:Abe Silverstein 1214: 1186:low Earth orbit 1175:low Earth orbit 1061:Michael Collins 1030:John F. Kennedy 1026:Project Mercury 986: 957: 956: 947:Virgin Galactic 907:Lockheed Martin 872: 864: 863: 810: 802: 801: 782: 774: 773: 664: 654: 653: 603: 595: 594: 570: 560: 559: 478:Lunar Precursor 468:Large Strategic 448: 440: 439: 418:Commercial Crew 373: 365: 329: 311: 280: 254: 192: 185: 183: 166: 159: 157: 140: 133: 131: 106: 89:Program history 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 22008: 21998: 21997: 21992: 21987: 21982: 21977: 21972: 21967: 21962: 21960:Apollo program 21947: 21946: 21934: 21922: 21910: 21898: 21875: 21874: 21872: 21871: 21861: 21851: 21849:Historiography 21846: 21840: 21837: 21836: 21833: 21832: 21829: 21828: 21826: 21825: 21815: 21809: 21807: 21803: 21802: 21800: 21799: 21794: 21789: 21787:Navassa Island 21784: 21779: 21774: 21772:Johnston Atoll 21769: 21764: 21762:Howland Island 21759: 21753: 21751: 21747: 21746: 21744: 21743: 21738: 21733: 21728: 21723: 21721:American Samoa 21717: 21715: 21711: 21710: 21705: 21703: 21699: 21698: 21696: 21695: 21690: 21685: 21680: 21675: 21670: 21665: 21660: 21655: 21650: 21645: 21643:South Carolina 21640: 21635: 21630: 21625: 21620: 21615: 21610: 21608:North Carolina 21605: 21600: 21595: 21590: 21585: 21580: 21575: 21570: 21565: 21560: 21555: 21550: 21545: 21540: 21535: 21530: 21525: 21520: 21515: 21510: 21505: 21500: 21495: 21490: 21485: 21480: 21475: 21470: 21465: 21460: 21455: 21450: 21444: 21442: 21438: 21437: 21435: 21434: 21432:The West Coast 21429: 21424: 21418: 21416: 21412: 21411: 21409: 21408: 21406:Indian removal 21403: 21398: 21393: 21388: 21382: 21380: 21370: 21369: 21359: 21358: 21355: 21354: 21352: 21351: 21350: 21349: 21344: 21339: 21327: 21320: 21319: 21318: 21313: 21301: 21300: 21299: 21297:Saudi American 21294: 21289: 21284: 21282:Iraqi American 21279: 21274: 21262: 21255: 21254: 21253: 21241: 21240: 21239: 21234: 21229: 21224: 21219: 21217:Irish American 21214: 21209: 21204: 21199: 21187: 21186: 21185: 21180: 21175: 21170: 21165: 21160: 21155: 21147:Asian American 21143: 21135: 21132: 21131: 21121: 21120: 21117: 21116: 21114: 21113: 21112: 21111: 21106: 21101: 21096: 21091: 21079: 21078: 21077: 21075:Sexual slavery 21065: 21058: 21051: 21050: 21049: 21044: 21039: 21034: 21029: 21024: 21012: 21011: 21010: 21005: 21000: 20995: 20990: 20985: 20973: 20966: 20959: 20958: 20957: 20952: 20947: 20945:Postal service 20942: 20937: 20935:Foreign policy 20932: 20927: 20922: 20917: 20912: 20907: 20902: 20890: 20883: 20882: 20881: 20869: 20868: 20867: 20855: 20854: 20853: 20841: 20840: 20839: 20834: 20829: 20824: 20812: 20805: 20797: 20794: 20793: 20783: 20782: 20779: 20778: 20775: 20774: 20772: 20771: 20766: 20761: 20754: 20749: 20744: 20739: 20738: 20737: 20727: 20722: 20715: 20710: 20709: 20708: 20703: 20698: 20693: 20688: 20683: 20678: 20673: 20663: 20657: 20655: 20649: 20648: 20646: 20645: 20640: 20635: 20630: 20629: 20628: 20623: 20613: 20608: 20601: 20596: 20591: 20586: 20581: 20576: 20571: 20566: 20560: 20558: 20552: 20551: 20549: 20548: 20543: 20538: 20533: 20532: 20531: 20526: 20521: 20511: 20509:Crack epidemic 20506: 20505: 20504: 20499: 20488: 20486: 20480: 20479: 20477: 20476: 20474:Moral Majority 20471: 20466: 20461: 20460: 20459: 20452:Gay liberation 20449: 20444: 20442:Counterculture 20439: 20434: 20433: 20432: 20430:Fall of Saigon 20427: 20422: 20412: 20411: 20410: 20408:Apollo program 20405: 20403:Project Gemini 20395: 20389: 20387: 20381: 20380: 20378: 20377: 20372: 20371: 20370: 20360: 20355: 20350: 20345: 20344: 20343: 20338: 20333: 20328: 20321:Early Cold War 20318: 20317: 20316: 20306: 20300: 20298: 20292: 20291: 20289: 20288: 20287: 20286: 20285: 20284: 20274: 20269: 20259: 20258: 20257: 20252: 20247: 20237: 20236: 20235: 20230: 20225: 20220: 20215: 20210: 20200: 20195: 20194: 20193: 20182: 20180: 20174: 20173: 20171: 20170: 20165: 20164: 20163: 20158: 20153: 20148: 20138: 20137: 20136: 20131: 20126: 20121: 20116: 20111: 20101: 20096: 20095: 20094: 20089: 20084: 20079: 20074: 20063: 20061: 20055: 20054: 20052: 20051: 20050: 20049: 20044: 20034: 20033: 20032: 20027: 20022: 20017: 20016: 20015: 20005: 20000: 19993:Prelude to War 19990: 19985: 19983:Antebellum Era 19979: 19977: 19971: 19970: 19968: 19967: 19962: 19957: 19956: 19955: 19950: 19945: 19940: 19935: 19930: 19928:Trail of Tears 19923:Jacksonian era 19920: 19919: 19918: 19913: 19902: 19900: 19894: 19893: 19891: 19890: 19889: 19888: 19883: 19873: 19872: 19871: 19866: 19859:Federalist Era 19856: 19854:Bill of Rights 19850: 19848: 19842: 19841: 19839: 19838: 19837: 19836: 19831: 19826: 19821: 19816: 19803: 19802: 19801: 19796: 19791: 19789:Lee Resolution 19786: 19781: 19770: 19768: 19762: 19761: 19759: 19758: 19757: 19756: 19751: 19746: 19741: 19736: 19731: 19726: 19721: 19716: 19711: 19706: 19696: 19691: 19686: 19681: 19676: 19671: 19666: 19661: 19656: 19651: 19646: 19641: 19635: 19633: 19627: 19626: 19624: 19623: 19616: 19608: 19606: 19598: 19597: 19587: 19586: 19584: 19583: 19578: 19572: 19569: 19568: 19561: 19560: 19553: 19546: 19538: 19529: 19528: 19526: 19525: 19514: 19502: 19499: 19498: 19496: 19495: 19490: 19485: 19483:Ground station 19480: 19474: 19472: 19470:Ground segment 19466: 19465: 19463: 19462: 19457: 19452: 19447: 19438: 19433: 19427: 19425: 19419: 19418: 19416: 19415: 19410: 19405: 19403:Interplanetary 19400: 19399: 19398: 19396:Geosynchronous 19393: 19383: 19377: 19375: 19371: 19370: 19368: 19367: 19366: 19365: 19363:Gravity assist 19360: 19355: 19350: 19340: 19339: 19338: 19333: 19328: 19323: 19318: 19313: 19303: 19298: 19297: 19296: 19294:Service module 19291: 19286: 19284:Orbital module 19276: 19271: 19269:Launch vehicle 19265: 19263: 19257: 19256: 19253: 19252: 19250: 19249: 19247:Space sexology 19244: 19239: 19237:Space medicine 19234: 19229: 19228: 19227: 19217: 19212: 19211: 19210: 19199: 19197: 19193: 19192: 19190: 19189: 19184: 19179: 19174: 19169: 19164: 19163: 19162: 19152: 19147: 19146: 19145: 19140: 19130: 19125: 19120: 19115: 19110: 19104: 19102: 19098: 19097: 19095: 19094: 19089: 19084: 19079: 19074: 19072:Weightlessness 19069: 19064: 19059: 19058: 19057: 19052: 19047: 19037: 19036: 19035: 19024: 19022: 19015: 19009: 19008: 19006: 19005: 19000: 18995: 18993:Space research 18990: 18985: 18980: 18975: 18970: 18965: 18964: 18963: 18958: 18953: 18948: 18938: 18937: 18936: 18931: 18929:Reconnaissance 18926: 18921: 18911: 18905: 18903: 18897: 18896: 18894: 18893: 18892: 18891: 18881: 18880: 18879: 18874: 18869: 18859: 18858: 18857: 18852: 18847: 18842: 18837: 18827: 18826: 18825: 18820: 18815: 18810: 18805: 18800: 18798:European Union 18795: 18790: 18785: 18775: 18770: 18769: 18768: 18763: 18758: 18753: 18743: 18737: 18735: 18731: 18730: 18723: 18722: 18715: 18708: 18700: 18691: 18690: 18688: 18687: 18679: 18676: 18675: 18673: 18672: 18667: 18662: 18657: 18652: 18647: 18642: 18637: 18632: 18627: 18622: 18617: 18611: 18609: 18605: 18604: 18602: 18601: 18596: 18591: 18586: 18581: 18576: 18571: 18566: 18561: 18556: 18551: 18546: 18544:Lunar Observer 18541: 18536: 18531: 18526: 18519: 18514: 18509: 18504: 18499: 18492: 18487: 18479: 18477: 18471: 18470: 18467: 18466: 18464: 18463: 18456: 18449: 18442: 18434: 18432: 18428: 18427: 18425: 18424: 18419: 18414: 18409: 18404: 18399: 18394: 18389: 18384: 18379: 18374: 18368: 18366: 18359: 18353: 18352: 18349: 18348: 18346: 18345: 18339: 18333: 18327: 18321: 18315: 18309: 18303: 18297: 18291: 18284: 18282: 18278: 18277: 18275: 18274: 18268: 18261: 18259: 18253: 18252: 18250: 18249: 18243: 18237: 18231: 18225: 18219: 18212: 18210: 18204: 18203: 18201: 18200: 18199: 18198: 18187: 18180: 18178: 18172: 18171: 18169: 18168: 18160: 18152: 18144: 18136: 18128: 18120: 18113: 18104: 18102: 18093: 18087: 18086: 18083: 18082: 18080: 18079: 18074: 18069: 18064: 18059: 18054: 18049: 18044: 18039: 18034: 18029: 18024: 18019: 18014: 18009: 18004: 17999: 17994: 17989: 17984: 17979: 17974: 17969: 17964: 17959: 17954: 17949: 17944: 17939: 17932: 17926: 17924: 17918: 17917: 17915: 17914: 17909: 17903: 17898: 17893: 17888: 17883: 17878: 17873: 17868: 17863: 17858: 17853: 17848: 17842: 17840: 17836: 17835: 17833: 17832: 17827: 17822: 17817: 17812: 17807: 17800: 17793: 17786: 17779: 17772: 17764: 17762: 17756: 17755: 17753: 17752: 17747: 17737: 17732: 17727: 17722: 17717: 17712: 17707: 17706: 17705: 17698: 17691: 17678: 17676: 17670: 17669: 17667: 17666: 17661: 17656: 17650: 17645: 17640: 17635: 17630: 17625: 17620: 17615: 17610: 17605: 17600: 17595: 17590: 17585: 17580: 17575: 17566: 17564: 17558: 17557: 17555: 17554: 17549: 17544: 17539: 17534: 17529: 17524: 17519: 17513: 17511: 17505: 17504: 17502: 17501: 17496: 17491: 17486: 17481: 17476: 17471: 17466: 17461: 17456: 17451: 17446: 17441: 17436: 17431: 17426: 17421: 17416: 17411: 17406: 17401: 17396: 17391: 17386: 17380: 17375: 17370: 17365: 17360: 17355: 17354: 17353: 17339: 17331: 17329: 17325: 17324: 17322: 17321: 17314: 17307: 17300: 17293: 17286: 17279: 17271: 17269: 17262: 17256: 17255: 17252: 17251: 17249: 17248: 17242: 17240: 17236: 17235: 17233: 17232: 17226: 17224: 17220: 17219: 17217: 17216: 17211: 17206: 17200: 17198: 17194: 17193: 17191: 17190: 17185: 17180: 17175: 17170: 17165: 17157: 17152: 17147: 17141: 17135: 17130: 17124: 17122: 17115: 17109: 17108: 17106: 17105: 17104: 17103: 17098: 17093: 17088: 17078: 17077: 17076: 17066: 17065: 17064: 17054: 17053: 17052: 17042: 17041: 17040: 17030: 17029: 17028: 17018: 17017: 17016: 17011: 17006: 17001: 16996: 16991: 16986: 16981: 16970: 16968: 16960: 16959: 16948: 16947: 16940: 16933: 16925: 16916: 16915: 16912: 16909: 16908: 16906: 16905: 16900: 16895: 16890: 16885: 16876: 16874: 16870: 16869: 16867: 16866: 16861: 16856: 16849: 16847: 16843: 16842: 16840: 16839: 16834: 16829: 16824: 16819: 16814: 16809: 16804: 16799: 16794: 16789: 16784: 16779: 16774: 16769: 16763: 16761: 16757: 16756: 16754: 16753: 16741: 16736: 16724: 16717: 16715: 16711: 16710: 16707: 16706: 16704: 16703: 16689: 16679: 16668: 16666: 16660: 16659: 16657: 16656: 16651:× 5 (2024, on 16646: 16633: 16631: 16625: 16624: 16622: 16621: 16608: 16606: 16600: 16599: 16597: 16596: 16584: 16571: 16569: 16563: 16562: 16560: 16559: 16551:Yidong Xiangji 16547: 16534: 16532: 16526: 16525: 16523: 16522: 16512: 16502: 16491: 16489: 16483: 16482: 16480: 16479: 16469: 16459: 16452: 16450: 16441: 16437: 16436: 16434: 16433: 16420: 16418: 16414: 16413: 16406: 16405: 16398: 16391: 16383: 16374: 16373: 16371: 16370: 16357: 16354: 16353: 16351: 16350: 16343: 16336: 16329: 16322: 16313: 16306: 16299: 16298: 16297: 16290: 16283: 16276: 16262: 16255: 16248: 16241: 16240: 16239: 16232: 16218: 16211: 16204: 16197: 16189: 16187: 16183: 16182: 16180: 16179: 16172: 16165: 16157: 16155: 16151: 16150: 16148: 16147: 16140: 16133: 16126: 16119: 16112: 16105: 16098: 16091: 16090: 16089: 16075: 16067: 16065: 16056: 16055: 16053: 16052: 16049:Lunar distance 16045: 16038: 16031: 16024: 16023: 16022: 16021: 16020: 15999: 15992: 15989:Lunar calendar 15984: 15982: 15973: 15972: 15970: 15969: 15962: 15955: 15954: 15953: 15939: 15932: 15925: 15924: 15923: 15916: 15913:Apollo program 15901: 15899: 15893: 15892: 15890: 15889: 15882: 15881: 15880: 15873: 15859: 15858: 15857: 15850: 15838: 15837: 15836: 15829: 15822: 15815: 15814: 15813: 15792: 15791: 15790: 15789: 15788: 15781: 15760: 15753: 15746: 15738: 15736: 15732: 15731: 15729: 15728: 15721: 15714: 15707: 15706: 15705: 15698: 15695:Micrometeorite 15684: 15677: 15676: 15675: 15672:Changesite-(Y) 15668: 15654: 15651:Wrinkle ridges 15647: 15640: 15639: 15638: 15624: 15623: 15622: 15615: 15608: 15601: 15587: 15586: 15585: 15578: 15571: 15557: 15550: 15549: 15548: 15534: 15533: 15532: 15518: 15517: 15516: 15515: 15514: 15500: 15488: 15487: 15486: 15479: 15467: 15460: 15453: 15445: 15443: 15435: 15434: 15432: 15431: 15424: 15423: 15422: 15415: 15408: 15401: 15387: 15386: 15385: 15378: 15377: 15376: 15369: 15362: 15355: 15354: 15353: 15346: 15325: 15318: 15304: 15303: 15302: 15295: 15294: 15293: 15279: 15272: 15271: 15270: 15249: 15246:Lunar distance 15241: 15239: 15233: 15232: 15225: 15223: 15221: 15220: 15219: 15218: 15204: 15197: 15194:Magnetic field 15190: 15189: 15188: 15174: 15167: 15160: 15152: 15150: 15144: 15143: 15138: 15135: 15134: 15127: 15126: 15119: 15112: 15104: 15095: 15094: 15092: 15091: 15079: 15066: 15063: 15062: 15060: 15059: 15054: 15049: 15047:Astronauts Day 15044: 15039: 15034: 15029: 15024: 15019: 15014: 15013: 15012: 15007: 14997: 14992: 14987: 14982: 14977: 14969: 14967: 14963: 14962: 14960: 14959: 14954: 14949: 14944: 14939: 14934: 14929: 14924: 14919: 14914: 14907: 14900: 14893: 14886: 14879: 14878: 14877: 14863: 14856: 14848: 14846: 14840: 14839: 14837: 14836: 14831: 14826: 14821: 14820: 14819: 14814: 14809: 14799: 14794: 14793: 14792: 14787: 14782: 14777: 14772: 14761: 14759: 14755: 14754: 14752: 14751: 14746: 14740: 14735: 14730: 14721: 14716: 14710: 14708: 14706:and navigation 14704:Communications 14700: 14699: 14696: 14695: 14693: 14692: 14687: 14684:Europa Clipper 14680: 14675: 14669: 14667: 14663: 14662: 14660: 14659: 14654: 14653: 14652: 14642: 14641: 14640: 14635: 14622: 14617: 14612: 14607: 14602: 14597: 14590: 14583: 14578: 14577: 14576: 14566: 14559: 14554: 14549: 14544: 14539: 14534: 14533: 14532: 14519: 14514: 14509: 14502: 14497: 14492: 14485: 14478: 14470: 14468: 14462: 14461: 14459: 14458: 14457: 14456: 14443: 14436: 14431: 14430: 14429: 14424: 14411: 14406: 14399: 14392: 14387: 14380: 14375: 14367: 14359: 14354: 14349: 14344: 14339: 14334: 14333: 14332: 14320: 14313: 14306: 14299: 14294: 14289: 14284: 14278: 14276: 14269: 14259: 14258: 14255: 14254: 14252: 14251: 14246: 14241: 14236: 14231: 14226: 14221: 14216: 14211: 14206: 14201: 14195: 14193: 14189: 14188: 14186: 14185: 14180: 14175: 14170: 14165: 14160: 14155: 14150: 14145: 14140: 14138:New Millennium 14135: 14130: 14125: 14120: 14115: 14109: 14107: 14100: 14093: 14092: 14089: 14088: 14086: 14085: 14080: 14075: 14070: 14065: 14060: 14054: 14052: 14048: 14047: 14045: 14044: 14039: 14026: 14021: 14011: 14006: 14001: 13996: 13991: 13980: 13978: 13971: 13963: 13962: 13959: 13958: 13956: 13955: 13950: 13949: 13948: 13943: 13933: 13932: 13931: 13926: 13921: 13916: 13911: 13901: 13896: 13891: 13886: 13881: 13876: 13871: 13870: 13869: 13859: 13854: 13853: 13852: 13847: 13837: 13832: 13827: 13821: 13819: 13815: 13814: 13812: 13811: 13805: 13799: 13793: 13787: 13781: 13775: 13769: 13763: 13757: 13751: 13745: 13739: 13733: 13726: 13724: 13711: 13704: 13703: 13696: 13695: 13688: 13681: 13673: 13664: 13663: 13661: 13660: 13659: 13658: 13652:United States 13649: 13647: 13643: 13642: 13640: 13639: 13638: 13637: 13632: 13627: 13626: 13625: 13615: 13609:United States 13607: 13606: 13605: 13597: 13596: 13595: 13587: 13586: 13585: 13580: 13571: 13569: 13568:In development 13565: 13564: 13562: 13561: 13560: 13559: 13554: 13549: 13544: 13543: 13542: 13537: 13527: 13522: 13517: 13511:United States 13509: 13508: 13507: 13502: 13497: 13488: 13486: 13482: 13481: 13479: 13478: 13477: 13476: 13471: 13466: 13460:United States 13458: 13457: 13456: 13448: 13447: 13446: 13437: 13435: 13431: 13430: 13418: 13417: 13410: 13403: 13395: 13386: 13385: 13383: 13382: 13375: 13370: 13365: 13360: 13355: 13350: 13345: 13340: 13335: 13329: 13327: 13323: 13322: 13320: 13319: 13318: 13317: 13304: 13303: 13302: 13297: 13287: 13282: 13277: 13272: 13266: 13264: 13260: 13259: 13252: 13250: 13248: 13247: 13246: 13245: 13235: 13229: 13227: 13223: 13222: 13212: 13211: 13204: 13197: 13189: 13180: 13179: 13177: 13176: 13169: 13162: 13155: 13148: 13141: 13138:Apollo program 13133: 13130: 13129: 13127: 13126: 13114: 13102: 13090: 13078: 13066: 13054: 13042: 13030: 13018: 13002: 12990: 12982:William Anders 12977: 12975: 12967: 12966: 12964: 12963: 12951: 12939: 12927: 12915: 12903: 12891: 12883:Edgar Mitchell 12879: 12867: 12855: 12843: 12831: 12823:Neil Armstrong 12818: 12816: 12810: 12809: 12802: 12801: 12794: 12787: 12779: 12770: 12769: 12759: 12756: 12755: 12753: 12752: 12745: 12740: 12734: 12732: 12728: 12727: 12725: 12724: 12719: 12712: 12707: 12701: 12699: 12695: 12694: 12692: 12691: 12686: 12681: 12676: 12671: 12665: 12663: 12662:Ground support 12659: 12658: 12656: 12655: 12650: 12645: 12640: 12635: 12630: 12625: 12620: 12615: 12614: 12613: 12608: 12603: 12598: 12593: 12588: 12578: 12573: 12572: 12571: 12561: 12556: 12550: 12548: 12542: 12541: 12539: 12538: 12537: 12536: 12531: 12520: 12518: 12514: 12513: 12511: 12510: 12505: 12500: 12495: 12490: 12485: 12480: 12475: 12470: 12465: 12459: 12457: 12451: 12450: 12448: 12447: 12446: 12445: 12444: 12443: 12431: 12426: 12425: 12424: 12406: 12404: 12400: 12399: 12397: 12396: 12391: 12386: 12381: 12375: 12373: 12370:Launch vehicle 12367: 12366: 12364: 12363: 12358: 12353: 12348: 12342: 12340: 12336: 12335: 12328: 12327: 12320: 12313: 12305: 12296: 12295: 12293: 12292: 12288: 12285: 12284: 12282: 12281: 12276: 12271: 12265: 12263: 12259: 12258: 12256: 12255: 12250: 12249: 12248: 12243: 12238: 12227: 12225: 12217: 12216: 12214: 12213: 12208: 12203: 12198: 12197: 12196: 12186: 12181: 12176: 12171: 12169:Taurus–Littrow 12166: 12158: 12156: 12152: 12151: 12149: 12148: 12142: 12140: 12136: 12135: 12133: 12132: 12127: 12122: 12117: 12112: 12107: 12100: 12095: 12090: 12085: 12080: 12074: 12072: 12068: 12067: 12065: 12064: 12059: 12054: 12049: 12043: 12041: 12037: 12036: 12034: 12033: 12027: 12025: 12021: 12020: 12018: 12017: 12008: 12001: 11996: 11991: 11990: 11989: 11984: 11973: 11971: 11967: 11966: 11964: 11963: 11958: 11957: 11956: 11946: 11941: 11936: 11931: 11926: 11921: 11916: 11908: 11899: 11897: 11893: 11892: 11890: 11889: 11884: 11876: 11874: 11870: 11869: 11866: 11865: 11863: 11862: 11857: 11852: 11846: 11844: 11837: 11836: 11834: 11833: 11828: 11823: 11818: 11813: 11808: 11803: 11797: 11795: 11789: 11788: 11786: 11785: 11780: 11775: 11770: 11765: 11760: 11755: 11750: 11744: 11742: 11736: 11735: 11733: 11732: 11727: 11722: 11717: 11712: 11707: 11702: 11697: 11692: 11687: 11682: 11677: 11671: 11669: 11665: 11664: 11662: 11661: 11656: 11651: 11646: 11641: 11636: 11631: 11625: 11623: 11616: 11612: 11611: 11609: 11608: 11603: 11602: 11601: 11596: 11585: 11583: 11579: 11578: 11576: 11575: 11574: 11573: 11568: 11563: 11553: 11547: 11545: 11541: 11540: 11538: 11537: 11532: 11527: 11522: 11517: 11511: 11509: 11505: 11504: 11497: 11495: 11493: 11492: 11491: 11490: 11485: 11475: 11470: 11464: 11462: 11458: 11457: 11455: 11454: 11449: 11448: 11447: 11436: 11433: 11432: 11429:Apollo program 11425: 11424: 11417: 11410: 11402: 11396: 11395: 11381: 11372: 11359: 11353: 11348: 11342: 11336: 11327: 11320: 11317: 11316: 11315: 11306: 11290: 11284: 11279: 11271: 11268: 11267: 11266: 11261: 11252: 11242: 11233: 11221: 11215: 11207: 11206:External links 11204: 11202: 11201: 11178: 11158: 11155:(24.2 MB) 11133: 11130:(57.7 MB) 11126:. Vol. 3. 11115: 11112:(13.4 MB) 11108:. Vol. 2. 11097: 11090:. Vol. 1. 11079: 11072: 11052: 11021: 11008: 10986: 10970:Neil Armstrong 10968:. Foreword by 10960:Leonov, Alexei 10952: 10933: 10917: 10905:(3): 591–626. 10890: 10855: 10832: 10806: 10775: 10757: 10745: 10722: 10712:. Foreword by 10703:Burgess, Colin 10695: 10672: 10654: 10639: 10629:. Foreword by 10617: 10614:(46.3 MB) 10598: 10594: 10593: 10588: 10583: 10577: 10576: 10572:Apollo program 10565: 10564: 10562: 10559: 10557: 10556: 10536: 10507: 10478: 10456: 10433: 10411: 10392: 10370: 10354: 10340: 10327: 10308: 10294: 10281: 10259: 10238: 10228:. NASA SP-4221 10211: 10197: 10181: 10152: 10138: 10116: 10106:. NASA SP-4009 10078: 10048: 10028: 10000: 9981: 9966: 9948: 9934: 9921: 9887: 9868: 9858:. NASA SP-4206 9837: 9823: 9807: 9790: 9788: 9785: 9782: 9781: 9755: 9727: 9692: 9661: 9635: 9609: 9583: 9551: 9518: 9480:Genome Biology 9465: 9453: 9441: 9415: 9383: 9356:(1): 233–236. 9338: 9299: 9287: 9275: 9249: 9221: 9195: 9173: 9143: 9108: 9081: 9054: 9024: 9002: 8974: 8948: 8926: 8904: 8888: 8861: 8834: 8797: 8748: 8736: 8724: 8712: 8700: 8698:, p. 171. 8688: 8676: 8664: 8637: 8622: 8589: 8561: 8539: 8513: 8487: 8458: 8447:. July 8, 2009 8432: 8421:. July 8, 2009 8406: 8395: 8370: 8359:. July 8, 2009 8341: 8315: 8296:Wright, Mike. 8288: 8258: 8228: 8198: 8138: 8112: 8082: 8056: 8032: 8007: 7982: 7980:. pp. 274–284. 7966: 7934: 7919: 7895: 7884:. July 8, 2009 7873: 7862:. July 8, 2015 7851: 7835: 7788:Low, George M. 7779: 7767: 7755: 7737: 7725: 7714: 7682: 7654: 7638: 7610: 7561: 7535: 7519: 7497: 7457: 7445: 7415: 7385: 7370: 7343: 7316: 7289: 7264: 7235: 7210: 7190: 7175: 7148: 7122: 7096: 7071: 7047: 6996: 6967: 6946:"Apollo SA-11" 6936: 6902: 6886: 6874: 6862: 6850: 6819: 6794: 6769: 6743: 6731: 6701: 6666: 6632: 6622: 6602: 6590: 6574: 6558: 6531: 6515: 6503: 6491: 6475: 6461: 6441: 6423: 6407: 6398: 6371: 6343: 6317: 6306: 6276: 6245: 6211: 6180: 6154: 6121: 6110:on May 6, 2010 6094: 6088:978-1502753588 6087: 6064: 6023: 5993: 5964: 5960:MeasuringWorth 5954:United States 5942:MeasuringWorth 5927: 5911: 5890: 5863: 5851: 5826: 5765: 5726: 5665: 5625: 5613: 5602: 5598:Beschloss 1997 5590: 5578: 5575:Beschloss 1997 5567: 5532: 5516: 5490: 5464: 5452: 5438: 5409: 5408: 5406: 5403: 5401: 5398: 5395: 5394: 5377: 5359: 5358: 5356: 5353: 5351: 5350: 5345: 5340: 5335: 5330: 5325: 5320: 5315: 5310: 5305: 5299: 5297: 5294: 5293: 5292: 5287:(2023), fifth 5280: 5268: 5256:Men in Black 3 5252: 5235: 5232: 5230: 5229: 5221: 5213: 5205: 5197: 5189: 5181: 5172: 5163: 5160: 5158: 5157: 5149: 5141: 5133: 5125: 5117: 5109: 5101: 5093: 5085: 5076: 5068: 5060: 5052: 5044: 5035: 5030: 5027: 5025: 5022: 5013:Main article: 5010: 5007: 4976:William Anders 4934: 4931: 4882:liquid methane 4870:heart monitors 4850: 4847: 4845: 4842: 4789: 4786: 4736:Main article: 4733: 4730: 4715: 4714: 4709: 4703: 4702: 4699: 4695: 4694: 4691: 4687: 4686: 4683: 4679: 4678: 4673: 4667: 4666: 4663: 4659: 4658: 4655: 4651: 4650: 4647: 4643: 4642: 4639: 4635: 4634: 4631: 4630:Project Apollo 4580: 4577: 4557:micrometeoroid 4489: 4482: 4481: 4473: 4466: 4465: 4464: 4463: 4462: 4457:Main article: 4454: 4451: 4449:(Orloff 2004) 4441: 4440: 4437:Taurus–Littrow 4433: 4422: 4415: 4409: 4406: 4405:Dec 7–19, 1972 4403: 4397: 4396: 4389: 4378: 4371: 4365: 4362: 4359: 4353: 4352: 4345: 4334: 4327: 4321: 4318: 4315: 4309: 4308: 4301: 4299:Edgar Mitchell 4288: 4281: 4275: 4272: 4269: 4263: 4262: 4259: 4248: 4241: 4235: 4232: 4229: 4223: 4222: 4211: 4205:Richard Gordon 4198: 4191: 4189:Yankee Clipper 4185: 4182: 4179: 4173: 4172: 4161: 4151:Neil Armstrong 4148: 4140: 4132: 4129: 4126: 4120: 4119: 4116: 4103: 4094: 4086: 4083: 4080: 4074: 4073: 4070: 4060:James McDivitt 4057: 4050: 4044: 4041: 4040:Mar 3–13, 1969 4038: 4032: 4031: 4028: 4026:William Anders 4015: 4012: 4009: 4006: 4003: 3997: 3996: 3993: 3980: 3977: 3974: 3971: 3968: 3962: 3961: 3957: 3954: 3951: 3946: 3943: 3940: 3934: 3933: 3930: 3927: 3924: 3921: 3918: 3915: 3909: 3908: 3905: 3902: 3899: 3896: 3893: 3890: 3884: 3883: 3880: 3867: 3864: 3861: 3858: 3855: 3849: 3848: 3845: 3842: 3839: 3836: 3831: 3828: 3824: 3823: 3820: 3817: 3814: 3811: 3806: 3803: 3799: 3798: 3795: 3792: 3789: 3786: 3781: 3778: 3774: 3773: 3770: 3767: 3764: 3761: 3756: 3753: 3739: 3736: 3728:Main article: 3725: 3722: 3710:Taurus–Littrow 3660: 3657: 3634:Edgar Mitchell 3574: 3571: 3490: 3473: 3470: 3464:Neil Armstrong 3460: 3431:Neil Armstrong 3388:Neil Armstrong 3374:William Anders 3302: 3299: 3189: 3186: 3124:Main article: 3113: 3110: 3074: 3073:Program delays 3071: 3049:, with rookie 3043:James McDivitt 3035:Donn F. Eisele 3003: 3000: 2985:. The second, 2983:Atlantic Ocean 2951: 2948: 2946: 2943: 2942: 2941: 2937: 2934: 2918: 2891:Neil Armstrong 2874: 2871: 2863: 2862: 2855: 2854: 2853: 2852: 2851: 2840: 2833: 2831: 2828: 2821: 2819: 2816: 2809: 2807: 2799: 2792: 2790: 2787: 2780: 2778: 2775: 2768: 2766: 2759: 2752: 2750: 2743: 2736: 2734: 2726: 2719: 2717: 2705: 2698: 2696: 2686: 2679: 2677: 2667: 2660: 2658: 2646: 2639: 2637: 2625: 2618: 2616: 2602: 2595: 2588: 2585: 2518:Neil Armstrong 2449:Main article: 2446: 2443: 2413:Main article: 2410: 2407: 2379:Main article: 2376: 2373: 2361:micrometeorite 2322:Rocketdyne H-1 2294:Main article: 2291: 2288: 2244:Main article: 2241: 2238: 2185: 2182: 2163:Neil Armstrong 2138:Main article: 2135: 2132: 2104:service module 2102:A cylindrical 2078:and steer its 2064:command module 2058:in lunar orbit 2039:Main article: 2036: 2033: 1981:Main article: 1978: 1975: 1914:Jerome Wiesner 1899:launch vehicle 1879: 1878: 1852: 1845: 1832: 1771: 1768: 1763:One Giant Leap 1742:U.S. Air Force 1708:Administrator 1705: 1702: 1642:George Mueller 1622:, a member of 1616:Merritt Island 1588:Main article: 1585: 1582: 1578:Lyndon Johnson 1485:Main article: 1482: 1479: 1452:Robert Seamans 1438: 1437:NASA expansion 1435: 1401:Vice President 1331:Sputnik crisis 1322: 1319: 1295:command module 1291:mission module 1283:Hugh L. Dryden 1276:lunar landings 1256:Main article: 1253: 1250: 1248: 1245: 1241:Project Gemini 1213: 1210: 1124:William Anders 1099:Neil Armstrong 1049:Neil Armstrong 1038:Project Gemini 998:Project Apollo 994:Apollo program 988: 987: 985: 984: 977: 970: 962: 959: 958: 955: 954: 949: 944: 939: 934: 929: 924: 919: 914: 909: 904: 899: 894: 889: 884: 882:Ball Aerospace 879: 873: 870: 869: 866: 865: 862: 861: 856: 851: 850: 849: 844: 839: 829: 828: 827: 817: 811: 808: 807: 804: 803: 800: 799: 794: 789: 783: 780: 779: 776: 775: 772: 771: 769:Vulcan Centaur 766: 759: 754: 749: 744: 737: 736: 735: 730: 725: 720: 713: 703: 698: 693: 688: 683: 678: 673: 665: 660: 659: 656: 655: 652: 651: 650: 649: 639: 634: 633: 632: 622: 621: 620: 615: 604: 601: 600: 597: 596: 593: 592: 587: 582: 577: 571: 566: 565: 562: 561: 558: 557: 552: 547: 542: 537: 532: 527: 522: 521: 520: 515: 510: 500: 495: 493:New Millennium 490: 485: 480: 475: 470: 465: 460: 455: 449: 446: 445: 442: 441: 438: 437: 432: 427: 422: 421: 420: 410: 409: 408: 395: 390: 385: 380: 374: 371: 370: 367: 366: 364: 363: 358: 352: 349: 348: 335: 334: 326: 325: 313: 312: 310: 309: 304: 299: 294: 288: 286: 282: 281: 279: 278: 273: 267: 265: 261: 260: 256: 255: 253: 252: 247: 242: 236: 234: 233:Launch site(s) 230: 229: 222: 218: 217: 206: 202: 201: 198: 194: 193: 191: 190: 180: 174: 172: 168: 167: 165: 164: 154: 148: 146: 142: 141: 139: 138: 128: 122: 120: 116: 115: 112: 108: 107: 105: 104: 101: 97: 95: 91: 90: 86: 85: 82: 78: 77: 71: 67: 66: 61: 57: 56: 53: 49: 48: 44: 43: 33:Apollo program 26: 18:Project Apollo 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 22007: 21996: 21993: 21991: 21990:NASA programs 21988: 21986: 21983: 21981: 21978: 21976: 21973: 21971: 21968: 21966: 21963: 21961: 21958: 21957: 21955: 21945: 21935: 21933: 21923: 21921: 21911: 21909: 21899: 21897: 21896:United States 21887: 21886: 21883: 21870: 21866: 21862: 21860: 21852: 21850: 21847: 21845: 21844:List of years 21842: 21841: 21838: 21824: 21816: 21814: 21813:Urban history 21811: 21810: 21808: 21804: 21798: 21795: 21793: 21792:Palmyra Atoll 21790: 21788: 21785: 21783: 21780: 21778: 21775: 21773: 21770: 21768: 21767:Jarvis Island 21765: 21763: 21760: 21758: 21755: 21754: 21752: 21748: 21742: 21739: 21737: 21734: 21732: 21729: 21727: 21724: 21722: 21719: 21718: 21716: 21714:Insular areas 21712: 21708: 21704: 21700: 21694: 21691: 21689: 21686: 21684: 21683:West Virginia 21681: 21679: 21676: 21674: 21671: 21669: 21666: 21664: 21661: 21659: 21656: 21654: 21651: 21649: 21646: 21644: 21641: 21639: 21636: 21634: 21631: 21629: 21626: 21624: 21621: 21619: 21616: 21614: 21611: 21609: 21606: 21604: 21601: 21599: 21596: 21594: 21591: 21589: 21588:New Hampshire 21586: 21584: 21581: 21579: 21576: 21574: 21571: 21569: 21566: 21564: 21561: 21559: 21556: 21554: 21551: 21549: 21548:Massachusetts 21546: 21544: 21541: 21539: 21536: 21534: 21531: 21529: 21526: 21524: 21521: 21519: 21516: 21514: 21511: 21509: 21506: 21504: 21501: 21499: 21496: 21494: 21491: 21489: 21486: 21484: 21481: 21479: 21476: 21474: 21471: 21469: 21466: 21464: 21461: 21459: 21456: 21454: 21451: 21449: 21446: 21445: 21443: 21439: 21433: 21430: 21428: 21425: 21423: 21420: 21419: 21417: 21413: 21407: 21404: 21402: 21399: 21397: 21394: 21392: 21389: 21387: 21384: 21383: 21381: 21379: 21375: 21371: 21364: 21360: 21348: 21345: 21343: 21340: 21338: 21335: 21334: 21333: 21332: 21328: 21326: 21325: 21321: 21317: 21314: 21312: 21309: 21308: 21307: 21306: 21302: 21298: 21295: 21293: 21290: 21288: 21285: 21283: 21280: 21278: 21275: 21273: 21270: 21269: 21268: 21267: 21263: 21261: 21260: 21256: 21252: 21249: 21248: 21247: 21246: 21242: 21238: 21235: 21233: 21230: 21228: 21225: 21223: 21220: 21218: 21215: 21213: 21210: 21208: 21205: 21203: 21200: 21198: 21195: 21194: 21193: 21192: 21188: 21184: 21181: 21179: 21178:Thai American 21176: 21174: 21171: 21169: 21166: 21164: 21161: 21159: 21156: 21154: 21151: 21150: 21149: 21148: 21144: 21142: 21141: 21137: 21136: 21133: 21126: 21122: 21110: 21107: 21105: 21102: 21100: 21097: 21095: 21092: 21090: 21087: 21086: 21085: 21084: 21080: 21076: 21073: 21072: 21071: 21070: 21066: 21064: 21063: 21059: 21057: 21056: 21052: 21048: 21045: 21043: 21040: 21038: 21035: 21033: 21030: 21028: 21025: 21023: 21020: 21019: 21018: 21017: 21016:Party Systems 21013: 21009: 21006: 21004: 21001: 20999: 20996: 20994: 20991: 20989: 20986: 20984: 20981: 20980: 20979: 20978: 20974: 20972: 20971: 20967: 20965: 20964: 20960: 20956: 20955:Voting rights 20953: 20951: 20948: 20946: 20943: 20941: 20938: 20936: 20933: 20931: 20928: 20926: 20923: 20921: 20918: 20916: 20913: 20911: 20908: 20906: 20903: 20901: 20898: 20897: 20896: 20895: 20891: 20889: 20888: 20884: 20880: 20877: 20876: 20875: 20874: 20870: 20866: 20863: 20862: 20861: 20860: 20856: 20852: 20849: 20848: 20847: 20846: 20842: 20838: 20835: 20833: 20830: 20828: 20825: 20823: 20820: 20819: 20818: 20817: 20813: 20811: 20810: 20806: 20804: 20803: 20799: 20798: 20795: 20788: 20784: 20770: 20767: 20765: 20762: 20760: 20759: 20755: 20753: 20750: 20748: 20745: 20743: 20740: 20736: 20733: 20732: 20731: 20728: 20726: 20723: 20721: 20720: 20716: 20714: 20711: 20707: 20704: 20702: 20699: 20697: 20694: 20692: 20689: 20687: 20684: 20682: 20679: 20677: 20674: 20672: 20669: 20668: 20667: 20664: 20662: 20659: 20658: 20656: 20654: 20650: 20644: 20641: 20639: 20636: 20634: 20631: 20627: 20624: 20622: 20619: 20618: 20617: 20616:War on terror 20614: 20612: 20609: 20607: 20606: 20602: 20600: 20597: 20595: 20592: 20590: 20587: 20585: 20582: 20580: 20577: 20575: 20572: 20570: 20567: 20565: 20562: 20561: 20559: 20557: 20553: 20547: 20544: 20542: 20539: 20537: 20534: 20530: 20527: 20525: 20522: 20520: 20517: 20516: 20515: 20514:Late Cold War 20512: 20510: 20507: 20503: 20500: 20498: 20495: 20494: 20493: 20490: 20489: 20487: 20485: 20481: 20475: 20472: 20470: 20467: 20465: 20462: 20458: 20455: 20454: 20453: 20450: 20448: 20445: 20443: 20440: 20438: 20435: 20431: 20428: 20426: 20423: 20421: 20418: 20417: 20416: 20413: 20409: 20406: 20404: 20401: 20400: 20399: 20396: 20394: 20393:Great Society 20391: 20390: 20388: 20386: 20382: 20376: 20373: 20369: 20366: 20365: 20364: 20361: 20359: 20356: 20354: 20351: 20349: 20348:Post-war boom 20346: 20342: 20339: 20337: 20334: 20332: 20329: 20327: 20324: 20323: 20322: 20319: 20315: 20312: 20311: 20310: 20307: 20305: 20302: 20301: 20299: 20297: 20293: 20283: 20280: 20279: 20278: 20275: 20273: 20270: 20268: 20265: 20264: 20263: 20260: 20256: 20253: 20251: 20248: 20246: 20243: 20242: 20241: 20238: 20234: 20231: 20229: 20226: 20224: 20221: 20219: 20216: 20214: 20211: 20209: 20206: 20205: 20204: 20201: 20199: 20196: 20192: 20189: 20188: 20187: 20184: 20183: 20181: 20179: 20175: 20169: 20166: 20162: 20159: 20157: 20154: 20152: 20149: 20147: 20144: 20143: 20142: 20139: 20135: 20132: 20130: 20127: 20125: 20122: 20120: 20117: 20115: 20112: 20110: 20107: 20106: 20105: 20102: 20100: 20097: 20093: 20090: 20088: 20085: 20083: 20080: 20078: 20075: 20073: 20070: 20069: 20068: 20065: 20064: 20062: 20060: 20056: 20048: 20045: 20043: 20040: 20039: 20038: 20035: 20031: 20028: 20026: 20023: 20021: 20018: 20014: 20011: 20010: 20009: 20006: 20004: 20001: 19999: 19996: 19995: 19994: 19991: 19989: 19986: 19984: 19981: 19980: 19978: 19976: 19972: 19966: 19963: 19961: 19958: 19954: 19951: 19949: 19946: 19944: 19941: 19939: 19936: 19934: 19931: 19929: 19926: 19925: 19924: 19921: 19917: 19914: 19912: 19909: 19908: 19907: 19904: 19903: 19901: 19899: 19895: 19887: 19884: 19882: 19879: 19878: 19877: 19874: 19870: 19867: 19865: 19862: 19861: 19860: 19857: 19855: 19852: 19851: 19849: 19847: 19843: 19835: 19832: 19830: 19827: 19825: 19822: 19820: 19817: 19815: 19812: 19809: 19808: 19807: 19804: 19800: 19797: 19795: 19792: 19790: 19787: 19785: 19782: 19780: 19777: 19776: 19775: 19772: 19771: 19769: 19767: 19763: 19755: 19752: 19750: 19747: 19745: 19742: 19740: 19737: 19735: 19732: 19730: 19727: 19725: 19722: 19720: 19717: 19715: 19712: 19710: 19707: 19705: 19702: 19701: 19700: 19697: 19695: 19692: 19690: 19687: 19685: 19682: 19680: 19677: 19675: 19672: 19670: 19667: 19665: 19662: 19660: 19657: 19655: 19652: 19650: 19647: 19645: 19642: 19640: 19637: 19636: 19634: 19632: 19628: 19622: 19621: 19617: 19615: 19614: 19610: 19609: 19607: 19603: 19599: 19592: 19588: 19582: 19579: 19577: 19574: 19573: 19570: 19566: 19559: 19554: 19552: 19547: 19545: 19540: 19539: 19536: 19524: 19520: 19515: 19513: 19504: 19503: 19500: 19494: 19491: 19489: 19486: 19484: 19481: 19479: 19476: 19475: 19473: 19471: 19467: 19461: 19458: 19456: 19453: 19451: 19448: 19446: 19442: 19439: 19437: 19434: 19432: 19431:Direct ascent 19429: 19428: 19426: 19424: 19420: 19414: 19413:Intergalactic 19411: 19409: 19406: 19404: 19401: 19397: 19394: 19392: 19389: 19388: 19387: 19384: 19382: 19379: 19378: 19376: 19372: 19364: 19361: 19359: 19356: 19354: 19351: 19349: 19348:Rocket engine 19346: 19345: 19344: 19341: 19337: 19334: 19332: 19329: 19327: 19324: 19322: 19319: 19317: 19314: 19312: 19309: 19308: 19307: 19304: 19302: 19299: 19295: 19292: 19290: 19287: 19285: 19282: 19281: 19280: 19279:Space capsule 19277: 19275: 19272: 19270: 19267: 19266: 19264: 19262: 19258: 19248: 19245: 19243: 19242:Space nursing 19240: 19238: 19235: 19233: 19230: 19226: 19223: 19222: 19221: 19218: 19216: 19213: 19209: 19206: 19205: 19204: 19201: 19200: 19198: 19196:Health issues 19194: 19188: 19185: 19183: 19180: 19178: 19175: 19173: 19170: 19168: 19165: 19161: 19158: 19157: 19156: 19153: 19151: 19150:Space Shuttle 19148: 19144: 19141: 19139: 19136: 19135: 19134: 19131: 19129: 19126: 19124: 19121: 19119: 19116: 19114: 19111: 19109: 19106: 19105: 19103: 19099: 19093: 19090: 19088: 19085: 19083: 19082:Space tourism 19080: 19078: 19075: 19073: 19070: 19068: 19065: 19063: 19060: 19056: 19053: 19051: 19048: 19046: 19043: 19042: 19041: 19038: 19034: 19031: 19030: 19029: 19026: 19025: 19023: 19019: 19016: 19014: 19010: 19004: 19003:Space weather 19001: 18999: 18996: 18994: 18991: 18989: 18986: 18984: 18981: 18979: 18976: 18974: 18971: 18969: 18966: 18962: 18959: 18957: 18954: 18952: 18949: 18947: 18944: 18943: 18942: 18939: 18935: 18932: 18930: 18927: 18925: 18922: 18920: 18917: 18916: 18915: 18912: 18910: 18907: 18906: 18904: 18902: 18898: 18890: 18887: 18886: 18885: 18882: 18878: 18875: 18873: 18870: 18868: 18867:Space command 18865: 18864: 18863: 18862:Space warfare 18860: 18856: 18853: 18851: 18848: 18846: 18843: 18841: 18838: 18836: 18833: 18832: 18831: 18828: 18824: 18823:United States 18821: 18819: 18816: 18814: 18811: 18809: 18806: 18804: 18801: 18799: 18796: 18794: 18791: 18789: 18786: 18784: 18781: 18780: 18779: 18776: 18774: 18771: 18767: 18764: 18762: 18759: 18757: 18754: 18752: 18749: 18748: 18747: 18744: 18742: 18741:Astrodynamics 18739: 18738: 18736: 18732: 18728: 18721: 18716: 18714: 18709: 18707: 18702: 18701: 18698: 18685: 18681: 18680: 18677: 18671: 18668: 18666: 18663: 18661: 18658: 18656: 18653: 18651: 18648: 18646: 18643: 18641: 18638: 18636: 18633: 18631: 18628: 18626: 18623: 18621: 18618: 18616: 18613: 18612: 18610: 18606: 18600: 18597: 18595: 18592: 18590: 18587: 18585: 18582: 18580: 18577: 18575: 18572: 18570: 18567: 18565: 18562: 18560: 18557: 18555: 18552: 18550: 18547: 18545: 18542: 18540: 18537: 18535: 18532: 18530: 18527: 18525: 18524: 18520: 18518: 18515: 18513: 18510: 18508: 18505: 18503: 18500: 18498: 18497: 18493: 18491: 18488: 18486: 18485: 18481: 18480: 18478: 18472: 18462: 18461: 18457: 18455: 18454: 18450: 18448: 18447: 18443: 18441: 18440: 18436: 18435: 18433: 18429: 18423: 18420: 18418: 18415: 18413: 18410: 18408: 18405: 18403: 18400: 18398: 18395: 18393: 18390: 18388: 18385: 18383: 18380: 18378: 18375: 18373: 18370: 18369: 18367: 18363: 18360: 18354: 18343: 18340: 18337: 18334: 18331: 18328: 18325: 18322: 18319: 18316: 18313: 18310: 18307: 18304: 18301: 18298: 18295: 18292: 18289: 18286: 18285: 18283: 18279: 18272: 18269: 18266: 18263: 18262: 18260: 18258: 18254: 18247: 18244: 18241: 18238: 18235: 18232: 18229: 18226: 18223: 18220: 18217: 18214: 18213: 18211: 18209: 18205: 18197: 18194: 18193: 18191: 18188: 18185: 18182: 18181: 18179: 18177: 18173: 18166: 18165: 18161: 18158: 18157: 18153: 18150: 18149: 18145: 18142: 18141: 18137: 18134: 18133: 18129: 18126: 18125: 18121: 18119: 18118: 18117:Lunar Gateway 18114: 18111: 18110: 18106: 18105: 18103: 18101: 18097: 18094: 18088: 18078: 18075: 18073: 18070: 18068: 18065: 18063: 18060: 18058: 18055: 18053: 18050: 18048: 18045: 18043: 18040: 18038: 18035: 18033: 18030: 18028: 18025: 18023: 18020: 18018: 18015: 18013: 18010: 18008: 18005: 18003: 18000: 17998: 17997:Lunar IceCube 17995: 17993: 17990: 17988: 17985: 17983: 17980: 17978: 17975: 17973: 17970: 17968: 17965: 17963: 17960: 17958: 17955: 17953: 17950: 17948: 17945: 17943: 17940: 17938: 17937: 17933: 17931: 17928: 17927: 17925: 17923: 17919: 17913: 17910: 17907: 17904: 17902: 17899: 17897: 17894: 17892: 17889: 17887: 17884: 17882: 17879: 17877: 17874: 17872: 17869: 17867: 17864: 17862: 17859: 17857: 17854: 17852: 17849: 17847: 17844: 17843: 17841: 17837: 17831: 17828: 17826: 17823: 17821: 17818: 17816: 17813: 17811: 17808: 17806: 17805: 17801: 17799: 17798: 17794: 17792: 17791: 17787: 17785: 17784: 17780: 17778: 17777: 17773: 17771: 17770: 17766: 17765: 17763: 17761: 17760:Sample return 17757: 17751: 17748: 17745: 17741: 17738: 17736: 17733: 17731: 17728: 17726: 17723: 17721: 17718: 17716: 17713: 17711: 17708: 17704: 17703: 17699: 17697: 17696: 17692: 17690: 17689: 17685: 17684: 17683: 17680: 17679: 17677: 17675: 17671: 17665: 17662: 17660: 17657: 17654: 17651: 17649: 17646: 17644: 17641: 17639: 17636: 17634: 17631: 17629: 17626: 17624: 17621: 17619: 17616: 17614: 17611: 17609: 17606: 17604: 17601: 17599: 17596: 17594: 17591: 17589: 17586: 17584: 17581: 17579: 17576: 17573: 17572: 17568: 17567: 17565: 17563: 17559: 17553: 17550: 17548: 17545: 17543: 17540: 17538: 17535: 17533: 17530: 17528: 17525: 17523: 17520: 17518: 17515: 17514: 17512: 17510: 17506: 17500: 17497: 17495: 17492: 17490: 17487: 17485: 17482: 17480: 17477: 17475: 17472: 17470: 17467: 17465: 17462: 17460: 17457: 17455: 17452: 17450: 17447: 17445: 17442: 17440: 17437: 17435: 17432: 17430: 17427: 17425: 17422: 17420: 17417: 17415: 17412: 17410: 17407: 17405: 17402: 17400: 17397: 17395: 17392: 17390: 17387: 17384: 17383:Chandrayaan-3 17381: 17379: 17378:Chandrayaan-1 17376: 17374: 17371: 17369: 17366: 17364: 17361: 17359: 17356: 17352: 17351: 17347: 17346: 17345: 17344: 17340: 17338: 17337: 17333: 17332: 17330: 17326: 17319: 17315: 17313: 17312: 17308: 17306: 17305: 17301: 17299: 17298: 17294: 17292: 17291: 17287: 17285: 17284: 17280: 17278: 17277: 17273: 17272: 17270: 17266: 17263: 17257: 17247: 17244: 17243: 17241: 17237: 17231: 17228: 17227: 17225: 17221: 17215: 17212: 17210: 17207: 17205: 17202: 17201: 17199: 17195: 17189: 17186: 17184: 17181: 17179: 17176: 17174: 17171: 17168: 17161: 17158: 17156: 17153: 17151: 17148: 17145: 17142: 17139: 17138:Chandrayaan-2 17136: 17134: 17131: 17129: 17126: 17125: 17123: 17119: 17116: 17110: 17102: 17099: 17097: 17094: 17092: 17089: 17087: 17084: 17083: 17082: 17079: 17075: 17072: 17071: 17070: 17067: 17063: 17060: 17059: 17058: 17055: 17051: 17048: 17047: 17046: 17043: 17039: 17036: 17035: 17034: 17031: 17027: 17024: 17023: 17022: 17019: 17015: 17012: 17010: 17007: 17005: 17002: 17000: 16997: 16995: 16994:Lunar Orbiter 16992: 16990: 16987: 16985: 16982: 16980: 16977: 16976: 16975: 16972: 16971: 16969: 16965: 16961: 16957: 16953: 16946: 16941: 16939: 16934: 16932: 16927: 16926: 16923: 16910: 16904: 16901: 16899: 16896: 16894: 16891: 16889: 16886: 16883: 16882: 16878: 16877: 16875: 16871: 16865: 16862: 16860: 16857: 16854: 16851: 16850: 16848: 16844: 16838: 16835: 16833: 16830: 16828: 16825: 16823: 16820: 16818: 16815: 16813: 16810: 16808: 16805: 16803: 16800: 16798: 16795: 16793: 16792:Lunar Cruiser 16790: 16788: 16785: 16783: 16780: 16778: 16775: 16773: 16770: 16768: 16765: 16764: 16762: 16758: 16750: 16746: 16742: 16740: 16737: 16734: 16733: 16728: 16725: 16722: 16719: 16718: 16716: 16712: 16701: 16697: 16693: 16690: 16687: 16683: 16680: 16677: 16673: 16670: 16669: 16667: 16665: 16661: 16654: 16650: 16647: 16644: 16640: 16639: 16635: 16634: 16632: 16630: 16626: 16619: 16615: 16614: 16610: 16609: 16607: 16605: 16601: 16594: 16593:Chandrayaan-3 16590: 16589: 16585: 16582: 16581:Chandrayaan-2 16578: 16577: 16573: 16572: 16570: 16568: 16564: 16557: 16553: 16552: 16548: 16545: 16541: 16540: 16536: 16535: 16533: 16531: 16527: 16520: 16516: 16513: 16510: 16506: 16503: 16500: 16496: 16493: 16492: 16490: 16488: 16484: 16477: 16473: 16470: 16467: 16463: 16460: 16457: 16454: 16453: 16451: 16449: 16445: 16442: 16438: 16431: 16427: 16426: 16422: 16421: 16419: 16415: 16411: 16404: 16399: 16397: 16392: 16390: 16385: 16384: 16381: 16368: 16359: 16358: 16355: 16348: 16344: 16341: 16337: 16334: 16333:Double planet 16330: 16327: 16323: 16319: 16314: 16311: 16307: 16304: 16300: 16295: 16291: 16288: 16284: 16281: 16277: 16274: 16270: 16269: 16267: 16263: 16260: 16256: 16253: 16249: 16246: 16242: 16237: 16233: 16230: 16226: 16225: 16223: 16219: 16216: 16215:Moon illusion 16212: 16209: 16205: 16202: 16198: 16195: 16194:Lunar deities 16191: 16190: 16188: 16184: 16177: 16173: 16170: 16166: 16163: 16159: 16158: 16156: 16152: 16145: 16141: 16138: 16134: 16131: 16127: 16124: 16120: 16117: 16113: 16110: 16106: 16103: 16099: 16096: 16092: 16087: 16083: 16082: 16080: 16076: 16073: 16069: 16068: 16066: 16061: 16057: 16050: 16046: 16043: 16042:Lunar station 16039: 16036: 16032: 16029: 16025: 16018: 16014: 16013: 16011: 16007: 16006: 16004: 16000: 15997: 15993: 15990: 15986: 15985: 15983: 15981: 15976:Time-telling 15974: 15967: 15963: 15960: 15956: 15951: 15947: 15946: 15944: 15940: 15937: 15933: 15930: 15926: 15921: 15917: 15914: 15910: 15909: 15907: 15903: 15902: 15900: 15898: 15894: 15887: 15883: 15878: 15874: 15871: 15867: 15866: 15864: 15860: 15855: 15851: 15848: 15844: 15843: 15839: 15834: 15830: 15827: 15823: 15820: 15816: 15811: 15807: 15806: 15804: 15800: 15799: 15797: 15793: 15786: 15782: 15779: 15775: 15774: 15772: 15768: 15767: 15765: 15761: 15758: 15754: 15751: 15747: 15744: 15740: 15739: 15737: 15733: 15726: 15722: 15719: 15715: 15712: 15708: 15703: 15699: 15696: 15692: 15691: 15689: 15685: 15682: 15678: 15673: 15669: 15666: 15662: 15661: 15659: 15655: 15652: 15648: 15645: 15641: 15636: 15632: 15631: 15629: 15625: 15620: 15616: 15613: 15609: 15606: 15602: 15599: 15595: 15594: 15592: 15588: 15583: 15579: 15576: 15572: 15569: 15565: 15564: 15562: 15558: 15555: 15551: 15546: 15542: 15541: 15539: 15535: 15530: 15526: 15525: 15523: 15519: 15512: 15508: 15507: 15505: 15501: 15498: 15494: 15493: 15489: 15484: 15480: 15477: 15473: 15472: 15468: 15465: 15461: 15458: 15454: 15451: 15447: 15446: 15444: 15442: 15436: 15429: 15428:Lunar station 15425: 15420: 15416: 15413: 15409: 15406: 15405:Tidal locking 15402: 15399: 15395: 15394: 15392: 15388: 15383: 15379: 15374: 15373:Eclipse cycle 15370: 15367: 15363: 15360: 15359:Solar eclipse 15356: 15351: 15347: 15344: 15340: 15339: 15337: 15336:Lunar eclipse 15333: 15332: 15330: 15326: 15323: 15319: 15316: 15312: 15311: 15309: 15305: 15300: 15296: 15291: 15287: 15286: 15284: 15280: 15277: 15273: 15268: 15264: 15263: 15261: 15257: 15256: 15254: 15250: 15247: 15243: 15242: 15240: 15238: 15234: 15229: 15216: 15212: 15211: 15209: 15205: 15202: 15198: 15195: 15191: 15186: 15182: 15181: 15179: 15178:Gravity field 15175: 15172: 15168: 15165: 15161: 15158: 15154: 15153: 15151: 15145: 15141: 15136: 15132: 15125: 15120: 15118: 15113: 15111: 15106: 15105: 15102: 15090: 15089: 15080: 15078: 15077: 15068: 15067: 15064: 15058: 15057:Nikon NASA F4 15055: 15053: 15050: 15048: 15045: 15043: 15040: 15038: 15035: 15033: 15030: 15028: 15025: 15023: 15020: 15018: 15015: 15011: 15008: 15006: 15003: 15002: 15001: 14998: 14996: 14993: 14991: 14988: 14986: 14983: 14981: 14978: 14975: 14971: 14970: 14968: 14964: 14958: 14955: 14953: 14950: 14948: 14945: 14943: 14942:NASA insignia 14940: 14938: 14935: 14933: 14930: 14928: 14925: 14923: 14922:Lunar plaques 14920: 14918: 14915: 14913: 14912: 14908: 14906: 14905: 14901: 14899: 14898: 14894: 14892: 14891: 14887: 14885: 14884: 14880: 14876: 14875: 14874:Pale Blue Dot 14871: 14870: 14869: 14868: 14864: 14862: 14861: 14857: 14855: 14854: 14850: 14849: 14847: 14841: 14835: 14832: 14830: 14827: 14825: 14822: 14818: 14815: 14813: 14810: 14808: 14805: 14804: 14803: 14802:NASA missions 14800: 14798: 14797:NASA aircraft 14795: 14791: 14788: 14786: 14783: 14781: 14778: 14776: 14773: 14771: 14768: 14767: 14766: 14763: 14762: 14760: 14756: 14750: 14747: 14744: 14741: 14739: 14736: 14734: 14731: 14729: 14725: 14722: 14720: 14719:Space Network 14717: 14715: 14712: 14711: 14709: 14707: 14701: 14691: 14688: 14686: 14685: 14681: 14679: 14676: 14674: 14671: 14670: 14668: 14664: 14658: 14655: 14651: 14648: 14647: 14646: 14643: 14639: 14636: 14634: 14632: 14628: 14627: 14626: 14623: 14621: 14618: 14616: 14613: 14611: 14608: 14606: 14603: 14601: 14598: 14596: 14595: 14591: 14589: 14588: 14584: 14582: 14579: 14575: 14572: 14571: 14570: 14567: 14565: 14564: 14560: 14558: 14555: 14553: 14550: 14548: 14545: 14543: 14540: 14538: 14535: 14531: 14528: 14527: 14526: 14524: 14520: 14518: 14515: 14513: 14510: 14508: 14507: 14503: 14501: 14498: 14496: 14493: 14491: 14490: 14486: 14484: 14483: 14479: 14477: 14476: 14472: 14471: 14469: 14463: 14455: 14452: 14451: 14450: 14448: 14444: 14442: 14441: 14437: 14435: 14432: 14428: 14425: 14423: 14420: 14419: 14418: 14416: 14412: 14410: 14407: 14405: 14404: 14400: 14398: 14397: 14393: 14391: 14388: 14386: 14385: 14381: 14379: 14376: 14374: 14372: 14368: 14366: 14364: 14360: 14358: 14355: 14353: 14352:Space Shuttle 14350: 14348: 14345: 14343: 14340: 14338: 14335: 14331: 14328: 14327: 14326: 14325: 14321: 14319: 14318: 14314: 14312: 14311: 14307: 14305: 14304: 14300: 14298: 14295: 14293: 14290: 14288: 14285: 14283: 14280: 14279: 14277: 14273: 14270: 14266: 14260: 14250: 14247: 14245: 14242: 14240: 14237: 14235: 14234:New Frontiers 14232: 14230: 14227: 14225: 14222: 14220: 14217: 14215: 14212: 14210: 14207: 14205: 14202: 14200: 14197: 14196: 14194: 14190: 14184: 14181: 14179: 14176: 14174: 14171: 14169: 14166: 14164: 14161: 14159: 14156: 14154: 14151: 14149: 14146: 14144: 14143:Lunar Orbiter 14141: 14139: 14136: 14134: 14131: 14129: 14126: 14124: 14121: 14119: 14116: 14114: 14111: 14110: 14108: 14104: 14101: 14098: 14094: 14084: 14083:Lunar Gateway 14081: 14079: 14076: 14074: 14071: 14069: 14066: 14064: 14061: 14059: 14056: 14055: 14053: 14049: 14043: 14042:Constellation 14040: 14037: 14033: 14032: 14027: 14025: 14024:Space Shuttle 14022: 14019: 14015: 14012: 14010: 14007: 14005: 14002: 14000: 13997: 13995: 13992: 13989: 13985: 13982: 13981: 13979: 13975: 13972: 13968: 13964: 13954: 13951: 13947: 13944: 13942: 13939: 13938: 13937: 13934: 13930: 13927: 13925: 13922: 13920: 13917: 13915: 13912: 13910: 13907: 13906: 13905: 13902: 13900: 13897: 13895: 13892: 13890: 13887: 13885: 13882: 13880: 13877: 13875: 13872: 13868: 13865: 13864: 13863: 13862:NASA research 13860: 13858: 13855: 13851: 13848: 13846: 13843: 13842: 13841: 13838: 13836: 13833: 13831: 13828: 13826: 13823: 13822: 13820: 13816: 13809: 13806: 13803: 13800: 13797: 13794: 13791: 13788: 13785: 13782: 13779: 13776: 13773: 13770: 13767: 13764: 13761: 13758: 13755: 13752: 13749: 13746: 13743: 13740: 13737: 13734: 13731: 13728: 13727: 13725: 13722: 13715: 13712: 13709: 13705: 13701: 13694: 13689: 13687: 13682: 13680: 13675: 13674: 13671: 13657: 13656:SpaceShip III 13654: 13653: 13651: 13650: 13648: 13644: 13636: 13633: 13631: 13628: 13624: 13621: 13620: 13619: 13616: 13614: 13611: 13610: 13608: 13604: 13601: 13600: 13598: 13594: 13591: 13590: 13588: 13584: 13581: 13579: 13576: 13575: 13573: 13572: 13570: 13566: 13558: 13555: 13553: 13550: 13548: 13547:Space Shuttle 13545: 13541: 13538: 13536: 13533: 13532: 13531: 13528: 13526: 13523: 13521: 13518: 13516: 13513: 13512: 13510: 13506: 13503: 13501: 13498: 13496: 13493: 13492: 13491:Soviet Union 13490: 13489: 13487: 13483: 13475: 13472: 13470: 13467: 13465: 13462: 13461: 13459: 13455: 13452: 13451: 13449: 13445: 13442: 13441: 13439: 13438: 13436: 13432: 13427: 13423: 13416: 13411: 13409: 13404: 13402: 13397: 13396: 13393: 13381: 13380: 13376: 13374: 13371: 13369: 13366: 13364: 13361: 13359: 13356: 13354: 13351: 13349: 13346: 13344: 13341: 13339: 13336: 13334: 13333:Constellation 13331: 13330: 13328: 13324: 13316: 13315: 13310: 13309: 13308: 13307:Space Shuttle 13305: 13301: 13298: 13296: 13293: 13292: 13291: 13288: 13286: 13283: 13281: 13278: 13276: 13273: 13271: 13268: 13267: 13265: 13261: 13256: 13244: 13241: 13240: 13239: 13236: 13234: 13231: 13230: 13228: 13224: 13220: 13217: 13216:United States 13210: 13205: 13203: 13198: 13196: 13191: 13190: 13187: 13174: 13170: 13167: 13163: 13160: 13156: 13153: 13149: 13146: 13142: 13139: 13135: 13134: 13131: 13123: 13119: 13115: 13111: 13107: 13106:Ken Mattingly 13103: 13099: 13095: 13091: 13087: 13083: 13079: 13075: 13071: 13067: 13063: 13059: 13055: 13051: 13047: 13043: 13039: 13035: 13031: 13027: 13023: 13019: 13015: 13011: 13007: 13003: 12999: 12995: 12991: 12987: 12983: 12979: 12978: 12976: 12974: 12968: 12960: 12956: 12952: 12948: 12944: 12940: 12936: 12932: 12928: 12924: 12920: 12916: 12912: 12908: 12904: 12900: 12896: 12892: 12888: 12884: 12880: 12876: 12872: 12868: 12864: 12860: 12856: 12852: 12848: 12844: 12840: 12836: 12832: 12828: 12824: 12820: 12819: 12817: 12815: 12811: 12807: 12800: 12795: 12793: 12788: 12786: 12781: 12780: 12777: 12767: 12757: 12751: 12750: 12746: 12744: 12741: 12739: 12736: 12735: 12733: 12729: 12723: 12720: 12718: 12717: 12713: 12711: 12708: 12706: 12703: 12702: 12700: 12696: 12690: 12687: 12685: 12682: 12680: 12677: 12675: 12672: 12670: 12667: 12666: 12664: 12660: 12654: 12651: 12649: 12646: 12644: 12641: 12639: 12636: 12634: 12631: 12629: 12626: 12624: 12621: 12619: 12616: 12612: 12609: 12607: 12604: 12602: 12599: 12597: 12594: 12592: 12589: 12587: 12584: 12583: 12582: 12579: 12577: 12574: 12570: 12567: 12566: 12565: 12562: 12560: 12557: 12555: 12552: 12551: 12549: 12545:Lunar surface 12543: 12535: 12532: 12530: 12527: 12526: 12525: 12522: 12521: 12519: 12515: 12509: 12506: 12504: 12501: 12499: 12496: 12494: 12491: 12489: 12486: 12484: 12481: 12479: 12476: 12474: 12471: 12469: 12466: 12464: 12461: 12460: 12458: 12452: 12442: 12441: 12437: 12436: 12435: 12432: 12430: 12427: 12423: 12422: 12418: 12417: 12416: 12413: 12412: 12411: 12408: 12407: 12405: 12401: 12395: 12392: 12390: 12387: 12385: 12382: 12380: 12377: 12376: 12374: 12368: 12362: 12359: 12357: 12354: 12352: 12349: 12347: 12346:Little Joe II 12344: 12343: 12341: 12337: 12333: 12326: 12321: 12319: 12314: 12312: 12307: 12306: 12303: 12290: 12289: 12286: 12280: 12277: 12275: 12272: 12270: 12267: 12266: 12264: 12260: 12254: 12251: 12247: 12244: 12242: 12239: 12237: 12234: 12233: 12232: 12229: 12228: 12226: 12222: 12218: 12212: 12209: 12207: 12204: 12202: 12199: 12195: 12192: 12191: 12190: 12187: 12185: 12184:Shorty crater 12182: 12180: 12177: 12175: 12172: 12170: 12167: 12165: 12164: 12160: 12159: 12157: 12153: 12147: 12144: 12143: 12141: 12137: 12131: 12128: 12126: 12123: 12121: 12118: 12116: 12113: 12111: 12108: 12106: 12105: 12101: 12099: 12096: 12094: 12091: 12089: 12086: 12084: 12081: 12079: 12076: 12075: 12073: 12069: 12063: 12060: 12058: 12055: 12053: 12050: 12048: 12045: 12044: 12042: 12038: 12032: 12029: 12028: 12026: 12022: 12016: 12014: 12009: 12007: 12006: 12002: 12000: 11997: 11995: 11992: 11988: 11985: 11983: 11980: 11979: 11978: 11975: 11974: 11972: 11968: 11962: 11959: 11955: 11952: 11951: 11950: 11949:Anniversaries 11947: 11945: 11944:Missing tapes 11942: 11940: 11937: 11935: 11932: 11930: 11927: 11925: 11924:Double crater 11922: 11920: 11917: 11915: 11914: 11911:Lunar Module 11909: 11907: 11906: 11901: 11900: 11898: 11894: 11888: 11885: 11883: 11882: 11878: 11877: 11875: 11871: 11861: 11858: 11856: 11853: 11851: 11848: 11847: 11845: 11842: 11838: 11832: 11829: 11827: 11824: 11822: 11819: 11817: 11814: 11812: 11809: 11807: 11804: 11802: 11799: 11798: 11796: 11794: 11790: 11784: 11781: 11779: 11776: 11774: 11771: 11769: 11766: 11764: 11761: 11759: 11756: 11754: 11751: 11749: 11746: 11745: 11743: 11737: 11731: 11728: 11726: 11723: 11721: 11718: 11716: 11713: 11711: 11708: 11706: 11703: 11701: 11698: 11696: 11693: 11691: 11688: 11686: 11683: 11681: 11678: 11676: 11673: 11672: 11670: 11666: 11660: 11657: 11655: 11652: 11650: 11647: 11645: 11642: 11640: 11637: 11635: 11632: 11630: 11627: 11626: 11624: 11620: 11617: 11613: 11607: 11604: 11600: 11597: 11595: 11592: 11591: 11590: 11587: 11586: 11584: 11580: 11572: 11569: 11567: 11564: 11562: 11559: 11558: 11557: 11554: 11552: 11551:Little Joe II 11549: 11548: 11546: 11542: 11536: 11533: 11531: 11528: 11526: 11523: 11521: 11518: 11516: 11513: 11512: 11510: 11506: 11501: 11489: 11486: 11484: 11481: 11480: 11479: 11476: 11474: 11471: 11469: 11466: 11465: 11463: 11459: 11453: 11450: 11446: 11443: 11442: 11441: 11438: 11437: 11434: 11430: 11423: 11418: 11416: 11411: 11409: 11404: 11403: 11400: 11394: 11390: 11387: 11382: 11380: 11378: 11373: 11370: 11366: 11365: 11360: 11357: 11354: 11352: 11349: 11346: 11343: 11340: 11337: 11335: 11331: 11328: 11326: 11323: 11322: 11313: 11312: 11307: 11304: 11300: 11297: 11296: 11291: 11288: 11285: 11283: 11280: 11277: 11274: 11273: 11265: 11262: 11260: 11256: 11253: 11250: 11246: 11243: 11241: 11237: 11234: 11230: 11226: 11222: 11219: 11216: 11213: 11210: 11209: 11197: 11193: 11189: 11185: 11181: 11179:0-8165-1065-2 11175: 11170: 11169: 11163: 11159: 11147: 11140: 11139: 11134: 11122: 11121: 11116: 11104: 11103: 11098: 11086: 11085: 11080: 11075: 11073:0-312-85918-X 11069: 11065: 11061: 11057: 11053: 11051:January 1968. 11040: 11036: 11032: 11028: 11024: 11022:0-16-074954-9 11018: 11014: 11009: 11005: 11001: 10997: 10993: 10989: 10987:0-312-30865-5 10983: 10979: 10975: 10971: 10967: 10966: 10961: 10957: 10953: 10950: 10944: 10940: 10936: 10934:0-380-80261-9 10930: 10926: 10922: 10918: 10913: 10908: 10904: 10900: 10896: 10891: 10886: 10881: 10877: 10873: 10869: 10865: 10861: 10856: 10851: 10847: 10843: 10839: 10835: 10833:0-618-05665-3 10829: 10825: 10821: 10820: 10815: 10811: 10807: 10804: 10800: 10794: 10790: 10786: 10782: 10778: 10776:0-7432-0079-9 10772: 10768: 10767: 10762: 10758: 10755: 10754: 10749: 10748:Gleick, James 10746: 10741: 10737: 10733: 10729: 10725: 10719: 10715: 10711: 10709: 10704: 10700: 10696: 10691: 10687: 10683: 10679: 10675: 10673:0-8018-5097-5 10669: 10665: 10664: 10659: 10655: 10650: 10646: 10642: 10636: 10632: 10628: 10627: 10622: 10618: 10606: 10605: 10600: 10599: 10592: 10589: 10587: 10584: 10582: 10579: 10578: 10573: 10568: 10553: 10549: 10545: 10541: 10537: 10530:September 12, 10522: 10515: 10514: 10508: 10497: 10493: 10489: 10488: 10483: 10479: 10475: 10471: 10467: 10463: 10459: 10457:0-939950-46-4 10453: 10450:: 5.1–5.234. 10449: 10445: 10441: 10440: 10434: 10422: 10418: 10414: 10412:0-16-050631-X 10408: 10404: 10400: 10399: 10393: 10389: 10385: 10381: 10377: 10373: 10371:0-671-61101-1 10367: 10363: 10359: 10355: 10351: 10347: 10343: 10337: 10333: 10328: 10316: 10315: 10309: 10305: 10301: 10297: 10295:0-252-06632-4 10291: 10287: 10282: 10278: 10274: 10270: 10266: 10262: 10260:0-8018-6898-X 10256: 10252: 10247: 10246: 10239: 10227: 10223: 10219: 10218: 10212: 10208: 10204: 10200: 10198:9780387746388 10194: 10190: 10186: 10182: 10171: 10167: 10160: 10159: 10153: 10149: 10145: 10141: 10139:0-14-023280-X 10135: 10131: 10130:Penguin Books 10127: 10126: 10121: 10117: 10105: 10101: 10097: 10093: 10086: 10085: 10079: 10072:September 12, 10067: 10063: 10056: 10055: 10049: 10045: 10041: 10037: 10036:93rd Congress 10033: 10029: 10025: 10021: 10017: 10013: 10009: 10008:87th Congress 10005: 10001: 9997: 9993: 9989: 9988: 9982: 9977: 9973: 9969: 9967:0-14-027201-1 9963: 9959: 9958: 9953: 9949: 9945: 9941: 9937: 9935:0-375-75485-7 9931: 9927: 9922: 9910: 9906: 9902: 9898: 9894: 9890: 9884: 9880: 9876: 9875: 9869: 9857: 9853: 9849: 9845: 9844: 9838: 9834: 9830: 9826: 9824:0-252-06632-4 9820: 9816: 9812: 9808: 9805: 9801: 9792: 9791: 9770: 9766: 9759: 9744: 9743: 9738: 9731: 9714: 9709: 9708: 9703: 9696: 9680: 9676: 9672: 9665: 9650: 9646: 9639: 9624: 9620: 9613: 9598: 9594: 9587: 9571: 9570: 9565: 9561: 9555: 9539: 9535: 9534: 9533:The Economist 9529: 9522: 9514: 9510: 9505: 9500: 9495: 9490: 9486: 9482: 9481: 9476: 9469: 9462: 9457: 9450: 9445: 9429: 9425: 9419: 9403: 9399: 9398: 9393: 9387: 9379: 9375: 9371: 9367: 9363: 9359: 9355: 9351: 9350: 9342: 9323: 9319: 9312: 9311: 9303: 9296: 9291: 9284: 9279: 9263: 9259: 9253: 9242: 9238: 9231: 9225: 9210: 9206: 9199: 9183: 9177: 9161: 9157: 9153: 9147: 9131: 9127: 9123: 9119: 9112: 9096: 9092: 9085: 9069: 9065: 9058: 9042: 9038: 9034: 9028: 9012: 9006: 8991: 8987: 8981: 8979: 8963: 8958:"What Goes Up 8952: 8936: 8930: 8915: 8908: 8900: 8899: 8892: 8876: 8875:planetary.org 8872: 8865: 8857: 8853: 8849: 8845: 8838: 8819: 8815: 8808: 8801: 8793: 8789: 8784: 8779: 8775: 8771: 8767: 8763: 8759: 8752: 8745: 8740: 8733: 8728: 8721: 8716: 8709: 8704: 8697: 8692: 8685: 8680: 8673: 8668: 8652: 8648: 8641: 8633: 8626: 8619: 8603: 8599: 8593: 8578: 8574: 8568: 8566: 8549: 8543: 8528: 8524: 8517: 8502: 8498: 8491: 8475: 8471: 8465: 8463: 8446: 8442: 8436: 8420: 8416: 8410: 8404: 8399: 8384: 8380: 8374: 8358: 8354: 8348: 8346: 8330: 8326: 8319: 8303: 8299: 8292: 8276: 8272: 8268: 8262: 8246: 8242: 8238: 8232: 8216: 8212: 8208: 8202: 8186: 8182: 8178: 8174: 8170: 8166: 8165: 8160: 8156: 8152: 8148: 8142: 8126: 8123: 8120:Jones, Eric. 8116: 8105:September 19, 8101: 8097: 8093: 8086: 8070: 8066: 8060: 8045: 8039: 8037: 8021: 8017: 8011: 7996: 7992: 7986: 7979: 7975: 7970: 7954: 7950: 7949: 7944: 7938: 7930: 7926: 7922: 7916: 7912: 7910: 7905: 7899: 7883: 7877: 7861: 7855: 7848: 7844: 7839: 7823: 7819: 7815: 7811: 7807: 7803: 7802: 7797: 7793: 7789: 7783: 7776: 7771: 7764: 7759: 7753: 7749: 7744: 7742: 7734: 7729: 7723: 7718: 7702: 7698: 7697: 7689: 7687: 7670: 7669: 7664: 7658: 7651: 7647: 7642: 7626: 7622: 7614: 7598: 7594: 7590: 7586: 7582: 7578: 7577: 7572: 7565: 7549: 7545: 7539: 7532: 7528: 7523: 7515: 7511: 7504: 7502: 7482: 7478: 7471: 7464: 7462: 7454: 7449: 7433: 7429: 7425: 7419: 7403: 7399: 7395: 7389: 7381: 7374: 7355: 7354: 7347: 7328: 7327: 7320: 7304: 7300: 7293: 7278: 7274: 7268: 7252: 7251: 7246: 7239: 7224: 7220: 7214: 7203: 7202: 7194: 7186: 7179: 7163: 7159: 7152: 7141:September 12, 7136: 7132: 7126: 7110: 7106: 7100: 7085: 7081: 7075: 7060: 7054: 7052: 7036: 7032: 7028: 7024: 7020: 7016: 7009: 7008: 7000: 6984: 6977: 6971: 6955: 6951: 6947: 6940: 6921: 6914: 6913: 6906: 6899: 6895: 6890: 6883: 6878: 6871: 6870:Townsend 1973 6866: 6859: 6858:Townsend 1973 6854: 6838: 6834: 6828: 6826: 6824: 6808: 6804: 6798: 6783: 6779: 6773: 6758: 6754: 6747: 6740: 6735: 6720: 6716: 6710: 6708: 6706: 6686: 6679: 6673: 6671: 6659:September 12, 6654: 6650: 6646: 6639: 6637: 6629: 6625: 6623:0-7432-4547-4 6619: 6615: 6614: 6606: 6599: 6594: 6587: 6583: 6578: 6571: 6567: 6562: 6546: 6542: 6535: 6528: 6524: 6519: 6512: 6507: 6500: 6495: 6488: 6484: 6479: 6464: 6458: 6454: 6453: 6445: 6438: 6437: 6432: 6427: 6420: 6416: 6411: 6402: 6386: 6382: 6375: 6360: 6359: 6354: 6347: 6331: 6327: 6321: 6315: 6310: 6294: 6290: 6286: 6280: 6264: 6260: 6256: 6249: 6242: 6230: 6226: 6222: 6215: 6200: 6196: 6195: 6190: 6184: 6168: 6164: 6158: 6143: 6139: 6135: 6131: 6125: 6109: 6105: 6098: 6090: 6084: 6080: 6079: 6074: 6068: 6052: 6048: 6044: 6040: 6039: 6034: 6027: 6011: 6007: 6003: 5997: 5981: 5980: 5975: 5968: 5961: 5957: 5944: 5943: 5938: 5931: 5924: 5920: 5915: 5900: 5894: 5878: 5874: 5867: 5860: 5855: 5839: 5838: 5830: 5823: 5819: 5816: 5800: 5796: 5792: 5785: 5784: 5776: 5769: 5753: 5749: 5748: 5743: 5739: 5733: 5731: 5723: 5719: 5716: 5700: 5696: 5692: 5685: 5684: 5676: 5669: 5653: 5649: 5645: 5644: 5639: 5635: 5629: 5622: 5617: 5611: 5606: 5599: 5594: 5588:, pp. 117–118 5587: 5582: 5576: 5571: 5563: 5559: 5555: 5551: 5547: 5543: 5536: 5529: 5525: 5520: 5504: 5500: 5494: 5478: 5474: 5468: 5461: 5456: 5448: 5442: 5427: 5423: 5417: 5415: 5410: 5391: 5386: 5381: 5374: 5369: 5364: 5360: 5349: 5346: 5344: 5341: 5339: 5336: 5334: 5331: 5329: 5326: 5324: 5321: 5319: 5316: 5314: 5311: 5309: 5306: 5304: 5301: 5300: 5290: 5289:Indiana Jones 5286: 5285: 5281: 5278: 5274: 5273: 5269: 5266: 5262: 5258: 5257: 5253: 5250: 5246: 5245: 5241: 5240: 5239: 5227: 5226: 5222: 5219: 5218: 5214: 5211: 5210: 5206: 5203: 5202: 5198: 5195: 5194: 5190: 5187: 5186: 5182: 5179: 5178: 5174: 5173: 5171: 5169: 5155: 5154: 5150: 5147: 5146: 5142: 5139: 5138: 5134: 5131: 5130: 5126: 5123: 5122: 5121:Moon Machines 5118: 5115: 5114: 5110: 5107: 5106: 5102: 5099: 5098: 5094: 5091: 5090: 5086: 5083: 5082: 5077: 5074: 5073: 5069: 5066: 5065: 5061: 5058: 5057: 5053: 5050: 5049: 5045: 5042: 5041: 5037: 5036: 5034: 5029:Documentaries 5021: 5016: 5006: 5004: 5000: 4996: 4995: 4994:The Economist 4991:According to 4989: 4987: 4983: 4982: 4977: 4973: 4972: 4967: 4962: 4960: 4953: 4952:Eugene Cernan 4945: 4944: 4939: 4930: 4928: 4925:chips in the 4924: 4921: 4917: 4913: 4909: 4906: 4905:semiconductor 4901: 4899: 4895: 4891: 4887: 4884:as fuel. The 4883: 4879: 4875: 4871: 4867: 4864:power tools, 4863: 4856: 4840: 4831: 4829: 4828: 4822: 4820: 4817: 4812: 4810: 4806: 4798: 4794: 4785: 4783: 4779: 4778:Space Shuttle 4775: 4770: 4768: 4767:Space Shuttle 4764: 4759: 4757: 4753: 4749: 4745: 4739: 4729: 4727: 4721: 4713: 4708: 4705: 4704: 4697: 4696: 4689: 4688: 4681: 4680: 4677: 4672: 4671:Total R&D 4669: 4668: 4661: 4660: 4653: 4652: 4645: 4644: 4637: 4636: 4632: 4629: 4628: 4625: 4622: 4620: 4619:Lunar Orbiter 4616: 4612: 4607: 4605: 4601: 4597: 4593: 4589: 4588:Saturn family 4584: 4576: 4574: 4569: 4567: 4563: 4558: 4553: 4551: 4547: 4543: 4539: 4535: 4531: 4527: 4523: 4519: 4515: 4510: 4508: 4504: 4500: 4486: 4477: 4470: 4460: 4450: 4448: 4438: 4434: 4432: 4428: 4424:Eugene Cernan 4423: 4421: 4416: 4414: 4410: 4407: 4404: 4402: 4399: 4398: 4394: 4390: 4388: 4384: 4379: 4377: 4372: 4370: 4366: 4363: 4360: 4358: 4355: 4354: 4350: 4346: 4344: 4340: 4339:Alfred Worden 4335: 4333: 4328: 4326: 4322: 4319: 4316: 4314: 4311: 4310: 4306: 4302: 4300: 4296: 4292: 4289: 4287: 4282: 4280: 4276: 4273: 4270: 4268: 4265: 4264: 4260: 4258: 4254: 4250:James Lovell 4249: 4247: 4242: 4240: 4236: 4233: 4230: 4228: 4225: 4224: 4220: 4216: 4212: 4210: 4206: 4202: 4199: 4197: 4192: 4190: 4186: 4183: 4180: 4178: 4175: 4174: 4170: 4166: 4162: 4160: 4156: 4152: 4149: 4147: 4146: 4141: 4139: 4138: 4133: 4130: 4127: 4125: 4122: 4121: 4117: 4115: 4114:Eugene Cernan 4111: 4107: 4104: 4102: 4101: 4095: 4093: 4092: 4091:Charlie Brown 4087: 4084: 4081: 4079: 4076: 4075: 4071: 4069: 4065: 4061: 4058: 4056: 4051: 4049: 4045: 4042: 4039: 4037: 4034: 4033: 4029: 4027: 4023: 4019: 4016: 4013: 4010: 4007: 4004: 4002: 3999: 3998: 3994: 3992: 3988: 3984: 3983:Wally Schirra 3981: 3978: 3975: 3972: 3969: 3967: 3964: 3963: 3958: 3955: 3952: 3947: 3944: 3941: 3939: 3936: 3935: 3931: 3928: 3925: 3922: 3919: 3916: 3914: 3911: 3910: 3906: 3903: 3900: 3897: 3894: 3891: 3889: 3886: 3885: 3881: 3879: 3875: 3871: 3868: 3865: 3862: 3859: 3856: 3854: 3851: 3850: 3846: 3843: 3840: 3837: 3835: 3832: 3829: 3826: 3825: 3821: 3818: 3815: 3812: 3810: 3807: 3804: 3801: 3800: 3796: 3790: 3785: 3782: 3776: 3775: 3771: 3768: 3765: 3762: 3757: 3754: 3751: 3750: 3745: 3735: 3731: 3721: 3719: 3715: 3711: 3706: 3704: 3700: 3699:Ken Mattingly 3696: 3691: 3689: 3685: 3681: 3680:Alfred Worden 3677: 3669: 3665: 3656: 3654: 3650: 3646: 3645:Richard Nixon 3641: 3635: 3631: 3627: 3623: 3618: 3616: 3611: 3609: 3605: 3601: 3597: 3593: 3589: 3585: 3584:Space Shuttle 3581: 3570: 3568: 3564: 3560: 3551: 3547: 3545: 3541: 3535: 3529: 3525: 3521: 3517: 3489: 3487: 3481: 3479: 3465: 3459: 3455: 3448: 3444: 3440: 3436: 3432: 3428: 3423: 3421: 3420:Eugene Cernan 3417: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3401: 3397: 3389: 3385: 3381: 3379: 3378:Christmas Eve 3375: 3372:, and rookie 3371: 3367: 3363: 3345: 3341: 3339: 3335: 3331: 3323: 3298: 3284: 3280: 3275: 3273: 3269: 3249: 3247: 3243: 3239: 3235: 3231: 3227: 3223: 3219: 3215: 3211: 3206: 3201: 3195: 3185: 3174: 3168: 3166: 3162: 3158: 3144: 3140: 3136: 3127: 3118: 3112:Apollo 1 fire 3109: 3107: 3103: 3099: 3094: 3088: 3079: 3070: 3062: 3060: 3056: 3055:Wally Schirra 3052: 3048: 3044: 3040: 3036: 3032: 3028: 3024: 3022: 3018: 3012: 3010: 2999: 2996: 2991: 2988: 2984: 2980: 2973: 2938: 2935: 2932: 2928: 2923: 2919: 2916: 2912: 2908: 2907: 2903: 2899: 2898: 2895:Lunar Module 2892: 2865: 2859: 2848: 2844: 2843:Pacific Ocean 2837: 2832: 2825: 2820: 2813: 2808: 2804: 2803: 2796: 2791: 2784: 2779: 2772: 2767: 2763: 2756: 2751: 2747: 2740: 2735: 2731: 2730: 2723: 2718: 2714: 2710: 2702: 2697: 2692: 2690: 2683: 2678: 2674: 2670: 2664: 2659: 2655: 2651: 2650: 2643: 2638: 2634: 2630: 2629: 2622: 2617: 2613: 2612:parking orbit 2605: 2599: 2594: 2593: 2592: 2584: 2582: 2578: 2574: 2570: 2566: 2562: 2558: 2554: 2549: 2547: 2546:lunar geology 2543: 2539: 2535: 2527: 2523: 2519: 2514: 2510: 2508: 2504: 2503:Roger Chaffee 2500: 2496: 2490: 2488: 2484: 2483:Mercury Seven 2480: 2473: 2472:Roger Chaffee 2469: 2465: 2461: 2457: 2452: 2442: 2440: 2439:parking orbit 2435: 2426: 2421: 2416: 2406: 2404: 2400: 2396: 2392: 2388: 2382: 2372: 2370: 2364: 2362: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2340: 2338: 2334: 2331: 2327: 2323: 2319: 2315: 2307: 2302: 2297: 2287: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2262:was built by 2261: 2260:Little Joe II 2257: 2253: 2247: 2246:Little Joe II 2240:Little Joe II 2237: 2235: 2231: 2225: 2223: 2218: 2214: 2213:Saturn series 2207: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2194:Little Joe II 2190: 2181: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2164: 2160: 2156: 2155: 2152:Lunar Module 2150: 2146: 2141: 2131: 2128: 2124: 2121: 2117: 2116:liquid oxygen 2113: 2109: 2105: 2097: 2093: 2088: 2084: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2065: 2057: 2054: 2051: 2047: 2042: 2032: 2028: 2002: 1998: 1997:Meteor Crater 1994: 1989: 1984: 1974: 1972: 1968: 1964: 1957: 1950: 1945: 1942: 1940: 1936: 1931: 1927: 1922: 1919: 1915: 1912: 1907: 1905: 1900: 1895: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1857: 1853: 1849: 1846: 1843: 1839: 1837: 1833: 1830: 1826: 1821: 1819: 1818:Direct Ascent 1815: 1814: 1813: 1806: 1802: 1801:Direct Ascent 1797: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1777: 1767: 1765: 1764: 1758: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1743: 1738: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1715: 1711: 1701: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1655: 1651: 1650:Eberhard Rees 1647: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1620:Kurt H. Debus 1617: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1591: 1581: 1579: 1575: 1569: 1559: 1555: 1549: 1547: 1538: 1524: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1488: 1478: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1463: 1459: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1443: 1433: 1425: 1420: 1418: 1414: 1413: 1407: 1405: 1402: 1394: 1390: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1376: 1372: 1369: 1364: 1362: 1361:James E. Webb 1358: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1332: 1328: 1318: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1279: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1268:space station 1265: 1259: 1244: 1242: 1238: 1237:lunar landing 1234: 1230: 1225: 1223: 1219: 1209: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1193: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1178: 1176: 1173: 1169: 1168:United States 1165: 1161: 1160:space station 1157: 1153: 1149: 1144: 1140: 1139:astrophysical 1136: 1132: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1116: 1111: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1055:landed their 1054: 1050: 1046: 1041: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1003: 999: 995: 983: 978: 976: 971: 969: 964: 963: 961: 960: 953: 950: 948: 945: 943: 940: 938: 935: 933: 930: 928: 925: 923: 920: 918: 915: 913: 910: 908: 905: 903: 900: 898: 895: 893: 890: 888: 885: 883: 880: 878: 875: 874: 868: 867: 860: 857: 855: 852: 848: 845: 843: 840: 838: 835: 834: 833: 830: 826: 823: 822: 821: 818: 816: 813: 812: 806: 805: 798: 795: 793: 790: 788: 785: 784: 778: 777: 770: 767: 765: 764: 760: 758: 755: 753: 750: 748: 745: 743: 742: 738: 734: 731: 729: 726: 724: 721: 719: 718: 714: 712: 709: 708: 707: 704: 702: 699: 697: 694: 692: 689: 687: 684: 682: 679: 677: 674: 672: 671: 667: 666: 663: 658: 657: 648: 645: 644: 643: 642:Western Range 640: 638: 635: 631: 628: 627: 626: 623: 619: 616: 614: 611: 610: 609: 608:Eastern Range 606: 605: 599: 598: 591: 590:Space Shuttle 588: 586: 583: 581: 578: 576: 573: 572: 569: 564: 563: 556: 553: 551: 548: 546: 543: 541: 538: 536: 533: 531: 528: 526: 523: 519: 516: 514: 513:New Frontiers 511: 509: 506: 505: 504: 501: 499: 496: 494: 491: 489: 486: 484: 481: 479: 476: 474: 473:Lunar Orbiter 471: 469: 466: 464: 461: 459: 456: 454: 451: 450: 444: 443: 436: 435:Lunar Gateway 433: 431: 428: 426: 425:Constellation 423: 419: 416: 415: 414: 411: 407: 406: 401: 400: 399: 398:Space Shuttle 396: 394: 391: 389: 386: 384: 381: 379: 376: 375: 369: 368: 362: 359: 357: 354: 353: 351: 350: 346: 341: 337: 336: 332: 328: 327: 323: 319: 318: 308: 305: 303: 300: 298: 295: 293: 292:Little Joe II 290: 289: 287: 283: 277: 274: 272: 269: 268: 266: 262: 257: 251: 248: 246: 243: 241: 238: 237: 235: 231: 227: 223: 219: 215: 211: 207: 203: 199: 195: 181: 179: 176: 175: 173: 169: 155: 153: 150: 149: 147: 143: 129: 127: 124: 123: 121: 117: 113: 109: 102: 99: 98: 96: 92: 87: 83: 79: 76: 75:lunar landing 72: 68: 65: 62: 58: 55:United States 54: 50: 45: 41: 36: 30: 19: 21908:Solar System 21782:Midway Atoll 21777:Kingman Reef 21757:Baker Island 21736:Puerto Rico 21648:South Dakota 21638:Rhode Island 21633:Pennsylvania 21613:North Dakota 21329: 21322: 21303: 21264: 21257: 21243: 21189: 21145: 21138: 21081: 21067: 21060: 21053: 21014: 20988:Marine Corps 20975: 20968: 20961: 20925:Debt ceiling 20910:Civil Rights 20892: 20885: 20871: 20857: 20843: 20814: 20809:Antisemitism 20807: 20800: 20756: 20717: 20653:2008–present 20605:Bush v. Gore 20603: 20541:War on drugs 20415:Mid Cold War 20407: 20267:Pearl Harbor 20262:World War II 20082:Ku Klux Klan 19679:Dummer's War 19618: 19611: 19605:Pre-Colonial 19423:Space launch 19408:Interstellar 19374:Destinations 19143:Apollo–Soyuz 19132: 19092:Space diving 19077:Space toilet 18901:Applications 18818:Soviet Union 18778:Space policy 18773:Space launch 18683: 18534:Lunar Lander 18521: 18494: 18482: 18458: 18451: 18444: 18437: 18338:(late 2020s) 18164:Artemis VIII 18162: 18154: 18146: 18138: 18130: 18122: 18115: 18107: 17942:Chang'e 5-T1 17934: 17802: 17795: 17788: 17781: 17774: 17767: 17700: 17693: 17686: 17569: 17348: 17341: 17334: 17309: 17302: 17295: 17288: 17281: 17274: 17144:Chang'e 5-T1 17057:South Korean 16978: 16879: 16812:Moon Express 16744: 16730: 16698:) (2024, on 16636: 16611: 16586: 16574: 16550: 16537: 16486: 16423: 16410:Lunar rovers 16201:Lunar effect 16017:Nodal period 15943:Colonization 15912: 15757:Lunar theory 15450:Selenography 15290:Nodal period 15087: 15075: 14909: 14902: 14896: 14888: 14881: 14872: 14865: 14858: 14851: 14682: 14631:Perseverance 14630: 14592: 14585: 14562: 14522: 14505: 14489:New Horizons 14487: 14480: 14473: 14446: 14438: 14414: 14402: 14395: 14382: 14370: 14362: 14323: 14315: 14308: 14301: 14030: 14014:Apollo–Soyuz 14003: 13635:Dream Chaser 13623:Starship HLS 13557:SpaceShipTwo 13552:SpaceShipOne 13378: 13313: 13300:Apollo–Soyuz 13284: 13159:Lunar Module 13137: 13118:Ronald Evans 13082:Stuart Roosa 13070:Jack Swigert 12994:Frank Borman 12931:Charles Duke 12871:Alan Shepard 12747: 12714: 12705:Lunar plaque 12438: 12419: 12331: 12253:Apollo–Soyuz 12174:Tracy's Rock 12161: 12110:Genesis Rock 12102: 12012: 12003: 11912: 11904: 11879: 11599:Lunar Module 11428: 11385: 11376: 11363: 11310: 11294: 11270:NASA reports 11247:at NASA (in 11229:the original 11167: 11137: 11119: 11101: 11083: 11063: 11012: 10964: 10956:Scott, David 10924: 10902: 10898: 10867: 10864:Space Policy 10863: 10817: 10765: 10751: 10706: 10662: 10625: 10603: 10581:Online books 10571: 10543: 10528:. Retrieved 10512: 10499:. Retrieved 10486: 10443: 10437: 10425:. Retrieved 10397: 10361: 10331: 10319:. Retrieved 10313: 10285: 10244: 10230:. Retrieved 10216: 10188: 10173:. Retrieved 10157: 10128:. New York: 10124: 10108:. Retrieved 10083: 10070:. Retrieved 10053: 10031: 10003: 9986: 9955: 9925: 9913:. Retrieved 9909:the original 9873: 9860:. Retrieved 9842: 9814: 9774:December 24, 9772:. Retrieved 9768: 9758: 9746:. Retrieved 9740: 9730: 9720:February 28, 9718:. Retrieved 9713:the original 9705: 9695: 9685:September 5, 9683:. Retrieved 9679:the original 9674: 9664: 9654:September 5, 9652:. Retrieved 9648: 9638: 9626:. Retrieved 9622: 9612: 9602:September 5, 9600:. Retrieved 9597:The Guardian 9596: 9586: 9574:. Retrieved 9567: 9554: 9542:. Retrieved 9540:. p. 36 9531: 9521: 9484: 9478: 9468: 9461:Burrows 1999 9456: 9449:Chaikin 1994 9444: 9432:. Retrieved 9427: 9418: 9408:September 1, 9406:. Retrieved 9395: 9386: 9353: 9347: 9341: 9329:. Retrieved 9309: 9302: 9290: 9283:Mindell 2008 9278: 9266:. Retrieved 9262:NASA Spinoff 9261: 9252: 9236: 9224: 9212:. Retrieved 9208: 9198: 9186:. Retrieved 9176: 9166:November 19, 9164:. Retrieved 9155: 9146: 9134:. Retrieved 9130:the original 9121: 9111: 9101:November 19, 9099:. Retrieved 9084: 9074:November 19, 9072:. Retrieved 9057: 9047:November 19, 9045:. Retrieved 9027: 9015:. Retrieved 9005: 8995:February 12, 8993:. Retrieved 8989: 8951: 8939:. Retrieved 8929: 8917:. Retrieved 8907: 8897: 8891: 8879:. Retrieved 8874: 8864: 8843: 8837: 8827:December 15, 8825:. Retrieved 8818:the original 8813: 8800: 8765: 8762:Space Policy 8761: 8751: 8744:Burrows 1999 8739: 8732:Harland 2008 8727: 8720:Harland 2008 8715: 8708:Harland 2008 8703: 8696:Harland 2008 8691: 8684:Harland 2008 8679: 8667: 8655:. Retrieved 8650: 8640: 8631: 8625: 8613: 8608:February 15, 8606:. Retrieved 8601: 8592: 8582:February 12, 8580:. Retrieved 8576: 8552:. Retrieved 8542: 8530:. Retrieved 8526: 8516: 8504:. 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Retrieved 6718: 6692:. Retrieved 6657:. Retrieved 6653:the original 6648: 6627: 6612: 6605: 6593: 6577: 6561: 6551:February 12, 6549:. Retrieved 6544: 6534: 6529:. pp. 81–83. 6518: 6506: 6494: 6478: 6466:. Retrieved 6462:016-050631-X 6451: 6444: 6439:. pp. 61–67. 6435: 6426: 6410: 6401: 6389:. Retrieved 6384: 6374: 6362:. Retrieved 6356: 6346: 6336:February 12, 6334:. Retrieved 6329: 6320: 6314:Johnson 2002 6309: 6297:. Retrieved 6288: 6279: 6267:. Retrieved 6263:the original 6258: 6248: 6240: 6235:February 12, 6233:. Retrieved 6229:the original 6224: 6214: 6202:. Retrieved 6192: 6183: 6171:. Retrieved 6166: 6157: 6145:. Retrieved 6137: 6124: 6112:. Retrieved 6108:the original 6097: 6077: 6067: 6055:. Retrieved 6051:the original 6037: 6026: 6014:. Retrieved 6010:the original 6005: 5996: 5984:. Retrieved 5977: 5967: 5959: 5948:November 30, 5946:. Retrieved 5940: 5930: 5925:. pp. 41–44. 5914: 5902:. Retrieved 5893: 5881:. Retrieved 5876: 5866: 5854: 5842:. Retrieved 5836: 5829: 5806:. Retrieved 5782: 5768: 5756:. Retrieved 5752:the original 5745: 5706:. Retrieved 5682: 5668: 5656:. Retrieved 5652:the original 5641: 5628: 5616: 5605: 5593: 5581: 5570: 5545: 5541: 5535: 5530:. pp. 16–21. 5519: 5507:. Retrieved 5502: 5493: 5481:. Retrieved 5467: 5455: 5441: 5429:. Retrieved 5425: 5380: 5363: 5282: 5270: 5254: 5242: 5237: 5223: 5215: 5207: 5199: 5191: 5183: 5175: 5165: 5151: 5143: 5137:NASA's Story 5135: 5127: 5119: 5111: 5103: 5095: 5087: 5079: 5070: 5062: 5054: 5048:Moonwalk One 5046: 5038: 5032: 5018: 4992: 4990: 4985: 4979: 4969: 4963: 4956: 4941: 4910:, including 4902: 4874:solar panels 4858: 4833: 4825: 4823: 4813: 4802: 4774:Apollo–Soyuz 4771: 4760: 4743: 4741: 4722: 4718: 4711: 4706: 4675: 4670: 4623: 4608: 4585: 4582: 4570: 4561: 4554: 4534:Genesis Rock 4530:Solar System 4511: 4496: 4476:Genesis Rock 4446: 4444: 4427:Ronald Evans 4419: 4412: 4387:Charles Duke 4375: 4368: 4336:David Scott 4331: 4324: 4295:Stuart Roosa 4291:Alan Shepard 4285: 4278: 4253:Jack Swigert 4245: 4238: 4195: 4188: 4143: 4135: 4098: 4089: 4054: 4047: 4022:James Lovell 4018:Frank Borman 3857:Feb 21, 1967 3830:Aug 25, 1966 3780:Feb 26, 1966 3733: 3707: 3703:Charles Duke 3692: 3688:Hadley Rille 3673: 3642: 3630:Stuart Roosa 3626:Alan Shepard 3619: 3612: 3576: 3559:Jack Swigert 3556: 3536: 3516:Alan L. Bean 3513: 3483: 3475: 3457: 3445:at 20:17:40 3424: 3393: 3366:Frank Borman 3342: 3320: 3276: 3270: 3250: 3245: 3241: 3237: 3233: 3229: 3225: 3221: 3217: 3213: 3209: 3202: 3191: 3169: 3153: 3137: 3129: 3095: 3080: 3076: 3063: 3027:Deke Slayton 3025: 3013: 3005: 2992: 2976: 2922:seismometers 2896: 2800: 2762:ascent stage 2727: 2708: 2687: 2668: 2647: 2626: 2603: 2590: 2550: 2530: 2491: 2487:heart murmur 2476: 2430: 2399:pounds-force 2384: 2365: 2341: 2311: 2249: 2226: 2224:for Apollo. 2210: 2167: 2153: 2125: 2101: 2061: 2055: 2006: 1952: 1947: 1943: 1923: 1908: 1896: 1891:John Houbolt 1880: 1854: 1847: 1834: 1816: 1812:considered: 1810: 1785:John Houbolt 1776:Moon landing 1761: 1759: 1739: 1707: 1704:Organization 1659: 1626:'s original 1593: 1576:in honor of 1571: 1551: 1542: 1490: 1464: 1460: 1444: 1440: 1426: 1422: 1416: 1411: 1408: 1398: 1371:Yuri Gagarin 1365: 1345:Soviet Union 1334: 1315:Maxime Faget 1298: 1294: 1290: 1280: 1261: 1226: 1215: 1194: 1179: 1172:Soviet Union 1164:Apollo–Soyuz 1128: 1113: 1063:remained in 1042: 997: 993: 991: 952:Virgin Orbit 761: 739: 716: 696:Falcon Heavy 669: 404: 387: 240:Cape Kennedy 119:First flight 60:Organization 29: 21932:Spaceflight 21920:Outer space 21797:Wake Island 21563:Mississippi 21478:Connecticut 21422:New England 21089:Agriculture 21008:Coast Guard 21003:Space Force 20851:Immigration 20579:WTC bombing 20497:Reaganomics 20425:Vietnam War 20341:McCarthyism 20223:Second Klan 20208:Prohibition 20186:World War I 20161:Square Deal 20151:Imperialism 19886:War of 1812 19613:Prehistoric 19381:Sub-orbital 19316:Space probe 19182:New Shepard 19160:Shuttle–Mir 18919:Archaeology 18872:Space force 18855:Moon Treaty 18727:Spaceflight 18564:OrbitBeyond 18474:Cancelled / 18342:Argonaut M1 18300:Beresheet 2 18288:Hakuto-R M2 18156:Artemis VII 18124:Artemis III 17962:Longjiang-1 17856:Hakuto-R M1 17419:Longjiang-2 17394:Explorer 35 17038:Chandrayaan 16964:Exploration 16802:LUPEX rover 16567:Chandrayaan 16310:Moon Treaty 16294:Hollow Moon 16236:Moon rabbit 16208:Earth phase 16010:Lunar month 15897:Exploration 15841:Experiments 15743:Observation 15605:Ray systems 15470:Hemispheres 15438:Surface and 15419:Tidal range 15398:Tidal force 15201:Sodium tail 15185:Hill sphere 14917:Deep fields 14845:and artwork 14843:NASA images 14415:Opportunity 13884:NASA Social 13710:and history 13474:New Shepard 13464:Crew Dragon 13046:Dick Gordon 12955:Gene Cernan 12907:James Irwin 12895:David Scott 12847:Pete Conrad 12835:Buzz Aldrin 12749:Moon Museum 12517:Space suits 12224:capsule use 12221:Post-Apollo 12115:Great Scott 12015:on the Moon 12011:Reports of 12005:Moon Museum 11793:Abort tests 11741:development 10810:Lovell, Jim 10761:Kranz, Gene 10482:Sidey, Hugh 9136:October 28, 8554:November 7, 8548:"Apollo 13" 8470:"Apollo 17" 8441:"Apollo 16" 8415:"Apollo 15" 8353:"Apollo 14" 8131:February 5, 8016:"Apollo 10" 7765:, Part 1(H) 7648:, Ch. 7.4: 7529:, Ch. 8.7: 7428:Astronautix 7398:Astronautix 7257:December 2, 6896:, Ch. 7.6: 6598:Hansen 1999 6525:, Ch. 3.6: 6513:, pp. 35–39 6511:Hansen 1999 6499:Hansen 1999 6485:, Ch. 3.4: 5921:, Ch. 2.5: 5861:, pp. 16–17 5526:, Ch. 1.7: 5509:October 12, 5081:The Planets 4974:, taken by 4562:impact melt 4538:anorthosite 4522:lunar maria 4380:John Young 4343:James Irwin 4159:Buzz Aldrin 4064:David Scott 3991:Donn Eisele 3942:Apr 4, 1968 3892:Nov 9, 1967 3870:Gus Grissom 3805:Jul 5, 1966 3752:Designation 3684:James Irwin 3676:David Scott 3604:New Orleans 3598:, Alabama, 3580:development 3493:Pete Conrad 3439:Buzz Aldrin 3047:David Scott 2902:Buzz Aldrin 2689:Lunar orbit 2569:Donn Eisele 2526:Buzz Aldrin 2495:Gus Grissom 2468:Gus Grissom 2345:boilerplate 2159:Buzz Aldrin 1993:boilerplate 1904:Joseph Shea 1887:lunar orbit 1883:Earth orbit 1574:US Congress 1357:missile gap 1091:Buzz Aldrin 1065:lunar orbit 1053:Buzz Aldrin 892:Blue Origin 809:Civil space 747:New Shepard 701:LauncherOne 250:White Sands 171:Last flight 21954:Categories 21678:Washington 21598:New Mexico 21593:New Jersey 21468:California 20963:Journalism 20915:Corruption 20894:Government 20845:Demography 20832:Newspapers 20681:Sandy Hook 20584:Waco siege 20492:Reagan era 20398:Space Race 20331:Korean War 20272:home front 20104:Gilded Age 20072:Amendments 19450:Launch pad 19441:Expendable 19391:Geocentric 19358:Solar sail 19301:Spaceplane 19261:Spacecraft 19055:Space suit 19033:commercial 18961:Television 18756:Space Race 18574:Prospector 18549:Lunokhod 3 18422:Moon Diver 18417:McCandless 18330:MoonRanger 18148:Artemis VI 18132:Artemis IV 18109:Artemis II 18007:Mariner 10 17896:Surveyor 2 17891:OMOTENASHI 17710:Lunokhod 1 17628:Surveyor 1 17389:Clementine 16893:Mars rover 16853:Lunokhod 3 16807:Moon Diver 16721:MoonRanger 16684:(2024, on 16641:(2024, on 16591:(2023, on 16579:(2019, on 16554:(2024, on 16474:(1973, on 16472:Lunokhod 2 16462:Lunokhod 1 16280:Apollo era 16222:Pareidolia 15980:navigation 15702:Sputtering 15582:Lava tubes 15504:South pole 15497:North pole 15457:Terminator 15299:Precession 15215:Earthshine 15171:Atmosphere 15164:Topography 15149:properties 15005:Moon rocks 14765:Astronauts 14758:NASA lists 14615:OSIRIS-REx 14449:helicopter 14317:Pioneer 11 14310:Pioneer 10 14113:Hitchhiker 13988:suborbital 13825:Space Race 13058:Fred Haise 13006:Jim Lovell 12919:John Young 12698:Ceremonial 12529:Beta cloth 12456:components 12454:Spacecraft 12403:Spacecraft 12384:J-2 engine 12379:F-1 engine 12372:components 12057:Big Bertha 11982:Surveyor 3 11319:Multimedia 11031:2005003682 10996:2004059381 10870:: 101516. 10822:. Boston: 10732:2006103047 10649:2001017080 10269:2001005688 10120:Gray, Mike 9536:. London: 9487:(4): 112. 9331:August 12, 8965:Retrieved 8768:: 101476. 8096:Snopes.com 7991:"Apollo 9" 7707:October 7, 7675:October 7, 7027:Rocketdyne 6291:(Complete 6173:October 7, 5877:SpaceDaily 5621:Sidey 1963 5586:Sidey 1963 5548:(4): 813. 5400:References 5265:Will Smith 5263:played by 5209:Space Race 5168:dramatized 5162:Docudramas 4999:Space Race 4918:(IMP) and 4784:programs. 4662:Operations 4596:spacesuits 4566:brecciated 4420:Challenger 4391:Landed in 4279:Kitty Hawk 4257:Fred Haise 4219:Surveyor 3 4110:John Young 3596:Huntsville 3563:Fred Haise 3520:Surveyor 3 3416:John Young 3370:Jim Lovell 3338:Cunningham 3165:George Low 3102:Lee Atwood 3098:tiger team 2669:Extraction 2445:Astronauts 2401:(890 2256:Little Joe 1991:An Apollo 1977:Spacecraft 1825:Saturn C-8 1774:See also: 1652:watch the 1628:V-2 rocket 1469:(MSFC) in 1327:Space Race 1309:, and the 1247:Background 1135:geological 1073:astronauts 917:Rocket Lab 602:Spaceports 271:Apollo CSM 186:1972-12-19 160:1968-10-11 134:1961-10-27 21944:Astronomy 21688:Wisconsin 21653:Tennessee 21558:Minnesota 21533:Louisiana 21427:The South 20998:Air Force 20873:Education 20735:recession 20691:Las Vegas 20599:Columbine 20556:1991–2008 20484:1980–1991 20385:1964–1980 20296:1945–1964 20250:Dust Bowl 20178:1917–1945 20059:1865–1917 20037:Civil War 20030:Secession 19975:1849–1865 19898:1815–1849 19869:Quasi-War 19846:1789–1815 19766:1776–1789 19719:Sugar Act 19460:Spaceport 19311:Satellite 19028:Astronaut 18956:Telephone 18909:Astronomy 18830:Space law 18783:Australia 18589:Ukrselena 18439:DSE-Alpha 18397:Garatéa-L 18387:Blue Moon 18382:Artemis-7 18306:ispace M3 18271:Chang'e 8 18265:Chang'e 7 18208:Luna-Glob 18140:Artemis V 18022:Pioneer 4 18012:NEA Scout 17987:LunaH-Map 17936:Apollo 13 17846:Beresheet 17825:Chang'e 5 17769:Apollo 11 17688:Apollo 15 17578:Chang'e 5 17509:Impactors 17363:Chang'e 1 17358:Artemis I 17276:Apollo 11 17204:Chang'e 3 17160:Queqiao 1 17074:Luna-Glob 16846:Cancelled 16837:Team Puli 16745:TENACIOUS 16727:Chang'e 7 16556:Chang'e 6 16544:Chang'e 3 16519:Apollo 17 16509:Apollo 16 16499:Apollo 15 16430:Chang'e 4 16028:Fortnight 15920:Explorers 15877:Apollo 17 15870:Apollo 11 15833:Volcanism 15803:Timescale 15750:Libration 15538:Mountains 15476:Near side 15382:Supermoon 15322:Full moon 15276:Libration 15208:Moonlight 15032:Moon tree 14853:Earthrise 14728:Goldstone 14625:Mars 2020 14594:Voyager 2 14587:Voyager 1 14523:Curiosity 14467:operating 14465:Currently 14447:Ingenuity 14384:MESSENGER 14363:Sojourner 14292:Mercury 3 14282:Apollo 11 14229:Discovery 14219:Explorers 13808:Augustine 13772:Augustine 13646:Cancelled 13630:Blue Moon 13593:Gaganyaan 13469:Starliner 13338:Dyna-Soar 13263:Completed 13122:Apollo 17 13110:Apollo 16 13098:Apollo 15 13094:Al Worden 13086:Apollo 14 13074:Apollo 13 13062:Apollo 13 13050:Apollo 12 13038:Apollo 11 13026:Apollo 10 13014:Apollo 13 12959:Apollo 17 12947:Apollo 17 12935:Apollo 16 12923:Apollo 16 12911:Apollo 15 12899:Apollo 15 12887:Apollo 14 12875:Apollo 14 12863:Apollo 12 12859:Alan Bean 12851:Apollo 12 12839:Apollo 11 12827:Apollo 11 12547:equipment 12356:Saturn IB 12146:Big Muley 12062:Moon tree 11881:Earthrise 11730:Apollo 17 11725:Apollo 16 11720:Apollo 15 11715:Apollo 14 11710:Apollo 13 11705:Apollo 12 11700:Apollo 11 11695:Apollo 10 11566:Saturn IB 10974:Tom Hanks 10819:Apollo 13 10816:(2000) . 10740:182559769 10660:(1995) . 10623:(2001) . 10501:August 1, 10466:0275-0279 10427:August 1, 10350:733307011 10321:August 1, 10232:August 1, 10207:495296214 10122:(1994) . 10110:August 1, 9915:August 1, 9862:August 1, 9576:August 1, 9544:August 1, 9378:0018-9499 9268:April 24, 9214:April 23, 9209:Space.com 9188:April 26, 8792:0265-9646 8527:Space.com 8191:August 1, 7828:August 1, 7722:Gray 1994 7631:April 14, 7603:August 1, 7363:August 1, 7336:August 1, 7115:August 1, 7040:August 1, 6929:August 1, 6762:August 1, 6694:August 1, 6468:August 8, 6364:April 14, 6299:August 1, 6204:April 26, 6114:August 1, 6057:August 1, 5986:August 1, 5883:August 1, 5844:August 1, 5808:August 1, 5758:August 1, 5708:August 1, 5658:August 1, 5431:March 25, 5405:Citations 5385:Full text 5368:Full text 5244:Apollo 18 5234:Fictional 5225:First Man 5185:Apollo 11 5177:Apollo 13 5145:Apollo 11 5072:Moon Shot 4971:Earthrise 4894:Minuteman 4803:In 2008, 4542:anorthite 4526:highlands 4459:Moon rock 4401:Apollo 17 4357:Apollo 16 4325:Endeavour 4313:Apollo 15 4267:Apollo 14 4227:Apollo 13 4209:Alan Bean 4177:Apollo 12 4124:Apollo 11 4078:Apollo 10 3622:Apollo 14 3615:Apollo 15 3427:Apollo 11 3408:Apollo 10 3402:with its 3255:V. Apollo 3173:plug-type 2927:Apollo 16 2911:Apollo 10 2691:insertion 2534:Apollo 12 2509:mission. 2391:S-IVB-200 2381:Saturn IB 2375:Saturn IB 2369:Saturn IB 2363:impacts. 2202:Saturn IB 2149:Apollo 11 2108:fuel cell 2056:Endeavour 2050:Apollo 15 1971:Apollo 13 1862:Apollo 11 1750:Minuteman 1731:von Braun 1412:Freedom 7 1386:President 1368:cosmonaut 1143:Apollo 13 1115:Earthrise 1103:Apollo 11 1077:Apollo 17 1045:Apollo 11 741:New Glenn 508:Discovery 458:Explorers 302:Saturn IB 276:Apollo LM 197:Successes 178:Apollo 17 114:1961–1972 84:Completed 21859:Category 21673:Virginia 21623:Oklahoma 21603:New York 21578:Nebraska 21568:Missouri 21553:Michigan 21543:Maryland 21528:Kentucky 21508:Illinois 21483:Delaware 21473:Colorado 21463:Arkansas 21342:Lesbians 21316:Comanche 21311:Cherokee 21104:Medicine 21062:Genocide 21055:Religion 20977:Military 20950:Taxation 20900:Abortion 20816:Cultural 20696:Parkland 20626:Iraq War 20564:Gulf War 20336:Ivy Mike 20255:New Deal 19631:Colonial 19576:Timeline 19512:Category 19177:Tiangong 19172:Shenzhou 19101:Programs 18946:Internet 18751:Timeline 18584:SELENE-2 18559:MoonRise 18554:MoonLITE 18476:concepts 18402:ISOCHRON 18358:missions 18356:Proposed 18092:missions 18027:Ranger 5 17659:EagleCam 17532:Ranger 4 17336:Apollo 8 17328:Orbiters 17261:missions 17246:ArgoMoon 17178:Tiandu-1 17133:CAPSTONE 17121:Orbiters 17114:missions 17096:Lunokhod 17045:Japanese 17014:Surveyor 16974:American 16967:programs 16787:HERACLES 16760:Proposed 16735:) (2026) 16732:Rashid 2 16448:Lunokhod 16367:Category 16162:Moonrise 16095:Crescent 16035:Sennight 15950:Moonbase 15906:Missions 15575:Calderas 15483:Far side 15441:features 15329:Eclipses 15315:New moon 15260:Distance 15147:Physical 15076:Category 14738:Canberra 14650:timeline 14638:timeline 14574:timeline 14530:timeline 14427:observed 14422:timeline 14390:Aquarius 14330:timeline 14303:Magellan 14265:missions 14163:Surveyor 14099:programs 14029:Shuttle– 13970:programs 13802:Aldridge 13721:creation 13618:Starship 13578:Mengzhou 13444:Shenzhou 13426:programs 13326:Canceled 13312:Shuttle- 13145:Saturn V 13010:Apollo 8 12998:Apollo 8 12986:Apollo 8 12421:Columbia 12361:Saturn V 12351:Saturn I 11905:Columbia 11783:Apollo 6 11778:Apollo 4 11690:Apollo 9 11685:Apollo 8 11680:Apollo 7 11675:Apollo 1 11659:Apollo 6 11654:Apollo 5 11649:Apollo 4 11622:Uncrewed 11571:Saturn V 11561:Saturn I 11299:Archived 11196:26720457 11188:92033228 11164:(1993). 11146:Archived 11062:(1995). 11039:64271009 11004:56587777 10943:41579174 10850:43118301 10842:99089647 10793:43590801 10785:00027720 10763:(2000). 10705:(2007). 10690:31375285 10682:94039726 10542:(1969). 10521:Archived 10496:63007800 10484:(1963). 10474:99474392 10421:00061677 10388:19589707 10380:89006333 10304:96051213 10277:48003131 10226:40305626 10187:(2008). 10170:69343822 10148:30520885 10096:69060008 10066:51518552 10044:23229007 10016:61061306 9996:18223277 9976:38918860 9954:(1994). 9944:42136309 9897:79001042 9856:36332191 9833:96051213 9748:July 20, 9513:21554751 9463:, p. 429 9451:, p. 120 9434:July 20, 9322:Archived 9258:"Search" 9241:Archived 9160:Archived 9095:Archived 9093:. NASA. 9068:Archived 9066:. NASA. 9041:Archived 9017:July 19, 8986:"Legacy" 8967:June 11, 8941:July 19, 8919:June 11, 8881:June 20, 8856:14154430 8746:, p. 431 8657:June 29, 8532:June 10, 8506:June 10, 8388:June 11, 8363:June 11, 8334:June 11, 8308:July 19, 8173:75600071 8153:(1975). 8049:June 11, 8020:NASA JSC 7929:93048680 7906:(1994). 7810:75600071 7790:(1975). 7777:, p. 157 7735:, p. 119 7625:Archived 7597:Archived 7585:77029118 7481:Archived 7282:June 16, 7228:June 15, 7168:June 12, 7064:July 19, 7035:22102803 7013:. NASA; 6960:June 21, 6920:Archived 6843:March 3, 6837:Archived 6741:, p. 167 6685:Archived 6547:(Report) 6489:. p. 71. 6269:July 29, 5962:series. 5904:June 12, 5818:Archived 5799:Archived 5795:31825096 5718:Archived 5699:Archived 5695:31825096 5623:, p. 114 5562:27552538 5483:June 21, 5296:See also 5247:(2011), 5217:Moonshot 5201:The Dish 4862:cordless 4830:opined: 4744:Apollo X 4615:Surveyor 4518:basaltic 4445:Source: 4411:CSM-114 4367:CSM-113 4323:CSM-112 4277:CSM-110 4246:Aquarius 4237:CSM-109 4196:Intrepid 4187:CSM-108 4137:Columbia 4134:CSM-107 4088:CSM-106 4046:CSM-104 4036:Apollo 9 4001:Apollo 8 3966:Apollo 7 3938:Apollo 6 3913:Apollo 5 3888:Apollo 4 3874:Ed White 3853:Apollo 1 3772:Summary 3491:— 3461:— 3400:EVA suit 3396:Apollo 9 3344:Apollo 8 3322:Apollo 7 3279:Apollo 6 3272:Apollo 5 3194:Apollo 4 3126:Apollo 1 2940:landing. 2713:perilune 2561:Apollo 7 2557:Apollo 8 2507:Apollo 1 2499:Ed White 2464:Ed White 2460:Apollo 1 2425:Saturn V 2415:Saturn V 2409:Saturn V 2351:through 2306:Apollo 7 2296:Saturn I 2290:Saturn I 2278:through 2206:Saturn V 2198:Saturn I 1918:Saturn V 1866:Saturn V 1851:vehicle. 1600:Saturn I 1393:Congress 1341:campaign 1206:avionics 1190:Apollo 8 1131:Apollo 1 1120:Apollo 8 1034:Congress 912:Raytheon 763:Starship 706:Minotaur 691:Falcon 9 686:Electron 540:Vanguard 535:Surveyor 403:Shuttle– 322:a series 320:Part of 307:Saturn V 297:Saturn I 226:Apollo 6 210:Apollo 1 205:Failures 152:Apollo 7 111:Duration 21882:Portals 21693:Wyoming 21668:Vermont 21573:Montana 21513:Indiana 21493:Georgia 21488:Florida 21458:Arizona 21448:Alabama 21415:Regions 21337:Gay men 21109:Railway 21069:Slavery 20865:Banking 20859:Economy 20701:El Paso 20686:Orlando 20420:Détente 19581:Outline 19386:Orbital 19187:Artemis 19118:Voskhod 19113:Mercury 19021:General 18761:Records 18746:History 18734:General 18684:italics 18608:Related 18529:Lunar-A 18407:LunaNet 18365:Robotic 18332:(2020s) 18326:(2020s) 18320:(2020s) 18294:DESTINY 18248:(2030s) 18246:Luna 31 18242:(2030s) 18240:Luna 30 18236:(2030s) 18234:Luna 29 18228:Luna 28 18222:Luna 27 18216:Luna 26 18192:(2025) 18100:Artemis 18090:Planned 17952:Galileo 17947:Geotail 17810:Luna 16 17750:Jinchan 17562:Landers 17494:SMART-1 17424:Luna 10 17197:Landers 17188:ICUBE-Q 17140:Orbiter 17128:ARTEMIS 17069:Russian 17026:Chang'e 17021:Chinese 17004:Pioneer 16984:Artemis 16954:to the 16873:Related 16822:Polaris 16767:ATHLETE 16714:Planned 16649:Colmena 16588:Pragyan 16576:Pragyan 16517:(1972, 16507:(1972, 16497:(1971, 16476:Luna 21 16466:Luna 17 16186:Related 16176:Moonset 15959:Tourism 15936:Landing 15796:Geology 15735:Science 15591:Craters 15554:Valleys 15140:Outline 15088:Commons 14966:Related 14775:by year 14770:by name 14547:GOES 15 14537:GOES 14 14454:flights 14440:InSight 14396:Cassini 14324:Galileo 14249:SIMPLEx 14224:Voyager 14192:Current 14148:Pioneer 14118:Mariner 14097:Robotic 14078:Artemis 14051:Current 13994:Mercury 13986: ( 13879:NASA TV 13818:General 13717:History 13599:Russia 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