1564:
927:
1449:
1760:
83:
2203:
1258:
1464:
1148:
43:
879:
1203:
2146:
1979:
1644:
1043:
1000:
1290:
1482:(SLDs), also called progress capture devices (PCDs), are the terms given to the broader class of rope devices that allow the climbing rope to move more freely in one direction but will lock quickly if the rope tries to move in the opposite direction. Their basic action means that several can also be used as emergency ascenders or assisted-belaying devices (ABDs), but they come in a broad range for a variety of uses (e.g. as a hauling or rescue pulley, like the Petzl Traxion).
1112:
5709:
1383:
1930:(or "bashie") are a type of soft-metal nut, usually made from copper, which can be hammered into very thin cracks that are too small for even the narrowest piton. Copperheads are only used in aid climbing but their low strength means that they can only handle the "static bodyweight" of an ascending aid climber and will likely fail if the climber makes a dynamic fall. At times, climbers will "clean out" build-ups of copperheads on an aid climbing route.
1853:
1659:
1371:
5697:
1576:
1839:
5733:
1869:
5721:
1139:
undertaken. Examples include minimal "sit" harnesses for sport climbing as they require little in the way of gear-carrying loops, lightweight and detachable leg-loop harnesses for alpine climbing that fit around heaving winter clothing, padded harnesses for big wall climbing that give comfort for hanging belays and abseils, and chest/full-body harnesses for children or carrying heavy loads.
2025:
1883:
1742:
1708:, particularly for large hexes, or wire. Often wider than nuts, their asymmetrical shape allows their use in parallel and even widening cracks. They are placed like a nut ideally into a narrowing section of the crack and any fall will cause the hex to twist in its placement, thus exerting sideways force on the wall of the crack. Modern climbers tend to use SLCDs over hexes.
1909:. They are normally used in pairs where the aid climber stands on one aider while clipping in the higher aider. Aiders can also come as "offset style" aiders, which are 5–6 stirrup-loops arranged on either side of a central rope, and as lightweight "adjustable style" aiders so the climber can create customized rung sizes.
2217:
is a narrow and flexible ladder, typically capable of being rolled up, made from metal, PVC, or webbing that is hung horizontally between two points – usually with one point higher to create a slope – that the climber ascends and descends the rungs using only their arm strength with no use is made of
1802:
pre-date bolts and are steel spikes – the older versions were made from iron – that could be hammered into cracks in the rock and that have an eye-hole for attaching a carabiner (some would have pre-installed metal rings). Unlike bolts, pitons need a crack into which they can be hammered, and come in
1213:
are used by climbers to connect ropes to fixed points such as bolted anchors in sport climbing, or protection devices in traditional climbing. The quickdraw consists of two non-locking carabiners connected by a short, pre-sewn loop of webbing. They are used to reduce the friction and drag between the
1787:
is attached into which carabiners and quickdraws can be clipped. Modern stainless steel – or the more expensive titanium, for even greater durability and/or harsher environments like sea cliffs – bolts last for over a decade but have a finite life span after which they must be replaced. Some bolted
1280:
but far less effort and concentration are needed to use them (e.g. tired climbers at high-altitude), they can handle much heavier loads (e.g. climbers with ruck-sacks), and they are more reliable in all conditions (e.g. on wet and icy ropes). The ascender uses an internal cam that allows the device
1304:
a climber. Their main purpose is to allow the rope to be locked off or fully braked with minimal effort when arresting a climber's fall. There are many kinds of belay devices, such as the original passive braking devices like "sticht plates" and the later "tubers/tubulars" (e.g. the original Black
1236:
Several devices are used for controlling the rope (e.g. belay devices and self-locking devices), moving up the rope (e.g. ascender devices), or moving down the rope (e.g. rappel/abseil or descender devices). These actions were historically performed by climbers with no mechanical devices (e.g. the
1126:
that can withstand the load of a fall. Carabiners come in various shapes, with the asymmetric/offset D-shape being the most common, and gate styles (e.g. a straight gate or a bent gate). A particular variation is whether the gate is locking, which gives extra security when belaying but makes the
1715:
constriction of a crack. Tricams are not as easy to place or remove as an SLCD but they can fit into narrow cracks and pockets, in some cases being the only type of protection that will work on a particular feature. Tricams are typically cheaper and lighter than SLCDs and are less in use today.
1607:
mounted on a spring-loaded axle (or two adjacent axles), in such a way that pulling on the shaft connected to the axle forces the cams to narrow so they can be inserted into small cracks. Once the SLCD is inserted into the crack, its cams will maintain a constant camming angle of 13.75 degrees
1193:
A sub-class of lanyards is the personal anchor system (PAS), which is a section of rope or interconnected chains of slings, which are used to tie the harness to an anchor point such as a belay station. Traditionally, climbers would tie their harness to anchors using part of the climbing rope;
1714:
are shaped aluminum blocks attached to lengths of webbing tape, like with a nut. The block is shaped so that pulling on the tape makes it "cam" against the crack walls, gripping the rock tighter in a similar fashion to a hex. Tricams may also be placed similarly to a nut, relying only on the
1919:
that have multiple small loops for carabiner attachment, which are made by stitching the sling at 8 to 15-centimetre intervals. Like aiders, daisy chains are also a central part of aid climbing. They are used to attach the harness to the aider. Care has to be taken not to clip into the loops
1094:
Several modern pieces of rope connecting equipment help climbers to securely attach items to the climbing rope, such as themselves via a modern climbing harness, or their various protection devices via modern carabiners and quickdraws. Before the invention of these pieces of rope-connecting
1138:
are used for connecting the rope to the climber via a "belay loop" on the harness. Harnesses are made of strong materials to specific strength guidelines that can withstand the load of a major fall. There are many types of harness designs and materials used depending on the type of climbing
1023:" (or "runners"). They can be used in a wide range of situations, including wrapping around sections of rock for abseiling, creating belay anchors, or as passive protection, or tied to other equipment—often via carabiners—to create a longer version of a quickdraw or a makeshift lanyard.
801:
requires most of the equipment of the above disciplines but with the addition of extensive climbing protection equipment (nuts, hexes, and SLCDs), which the climber will insert while lead climbing the route. The weight of the extra protection may require a stronger harness and/or a
1689:
attached to a loop of wire. They are wedged into narrowing/tapering cracks (they do not work well in wide or parallel cracks) and then tugged firmly to set them in place. Nuts come in many varieties (e.g. offset-shaped HB nuts, micro nuts, and brass RP nuts). Where the
Australian
1319:) allowing the belay device to be attached to a separate anchor point (e.g. and not to the belayer, which is useful for bringing up the second-climber on multi-pitch routes), and active assisted-braking devices (ABDs) that will self-lock with sudden rope movements (e.g. the Petzl
2094:
Haul bags are large tubular bags of hardwearing construction (so they can be dragged over rock) into which supplies and climbing equipment can be carried on long multi-pitch routes; commonly used in big wall climbing that calls them "pigs" due to the effort of hauling them up on
1624:(or RBs) are a type of SLCD for insertion into pre-drilled bolt holes, but instead of using cams, the system uses a metal tube that once inserted expands to grip against the walls of the hole. Less frequently in use, their main application is for climbers creating bolted routes.
905:(OSHA) regulations; in effect, the UIAA and CEN have become the most important bodies for setting standards and regulating rock-climbing equipment worldwide, and most major manufacturers, and distributors, produce equipment certified and stamped with UIAA and
1509:, rock climbing protection devices are mainly used in traditional climbing and in sport climbing, both of which can be done in single and multi-pitch formats. In addition, clean aid climbing also uses many of the traditional climbing protection devices.
1824:
Aid climbing uses several of the above devices but in a way that gives "aid" to the climber in ascending (e.g. pulling up on pitons and hooks). There are also a number of other pieces of equipment that are more exclusively associated with aid climbing.
2173:(or "clip sticks") are long poles with a quickdraw at one end which can be clipped into the first bolt of a sport climbing route by a climber standing on the ground; avoids the risk of a ground-fall before clipping into the first piece of protection.
1997:
Belay gloves are used to protect the hands and are commonly needed on big wall climbing routes. Their construction from leather or other hard-wearing materials, generally improves grip with the rope, which lessens the risk of a failure of the belay
2011:
Climbing helmets protect the skull against falling debris such as rocks in alpine climbing or dropped pieces of equipment, as well as the impact forces on the head during a fall while climbing, particularly when the falling lead climber is flipped
645:. Modern devices enable climbers to perform tasks previously done manually, with greater control – in all conditions – and with less effort. Examples of replacements include the harness (replaced tying the rope around the waist), the
1993:
allow the belayer to look up at the lead climber without having to strain their neck upwards (i.e. the glasses are tilted upwards by 45 degrees), and are used when there is extensive belaying such as on long routes, or by climbing
1815:. Pitons have been largely replaced by the stronger bolts as the fixed protection of choice but are still an important part of big wall climbing and of aid climbing (but not clean aid climbing, which rules out any use of hammers).
1127:
carabiner heavier and slightly tricker to clip into, or non-locking, which is the easiest to clip into and out of for example when leading a bolted sport climbing route but with the risk that the gate may unintentionally open.
1410:
Many passive belay devices can be used as descenders, such as tubers/tubulars. Some modern descenders come with self-locking device (SLD) features that will grip the rope in the event of an uncontrolled fall (e.g. the
729:
The rock-climbing equipment needed varies materially depending on the type of rock climbing being undertaken. Starting from the least equipment-intensive type of climbing, the general equipment needs are as follows:
2039:
are used to protect boulder climbers from the frequent falls that happen in bouldering, which while shorter than other types of climbing, can be onto uneven or hard surfaces from awkward body positions, leading to
2224:
is a series of horizontal rungs attached to an overhanging surface that is typically climbed up and down without the aid of the feet. When used properly, campus boards improve finger strength and also dynamic or
848:
variant, is usually done in a traditional format and also more likely on multi-pitch and big wall routes. In addition to the standard equipment for such routes, aid climbing uses specialist equipment such as
894:(known as the UIAA) was an important early body—and the only body pre-1995—in setting standards for climbing equipment. The UIAA Safety Commission continues to play a central worldwide role in this area. The
2241:(or "fingerboard") is related to the campus board and was developed to focus on building static arm and finger strength; it is a popular training tool for rock climbers and comes in many forms and materials.
1281:
to slide freely in one direction but tightly grip the rope when pulled on in the opposite direction. To prevent the ascender device from accidentally falling off the rope, a locking carabiner is also used.
1944:). They are mostly used in aid climbing but have been used in extreme traditional climbing routes as a last resort where the hook placement may not withstand a dynamic fall. A particular type of hook is a
1081:
cord, or for attaching to, and equalizing forces across, multiple fixed anchors points, such as when setting up abseil or belay anchors on multi-pitch climbing routes, usually using thicker approximately
2235:
is a small device that can help in developing the antagonist muscles to those used while gripping with the hand. Use of such a device can prevent the ligament injuries that are experienced by climbers.
2355:
1426:
are used for greater control and friction when carrying heavy loads and/or in very wet or icy conditions (e.g. big wall climbing and caving). The modern technique is to use a descender with a
773:
variant, adds a rope, harness, and belay device. The rope is hung prior to the climb from the anchor point at the top, typically by carabiners, slings, or cord, or some combination thereof.
2481:
1169:
that attach from a harness to a rope (or other anchor points, such as a metal cable). The difference is that lanyards are much stronger than quickdraws and are capable of withstanding
2157:
are used in big wall climbing as a temporary overnight sleeping platform; they are also used as a resting platform for long belays, which are typical on big wall aid climbing routes.
3727:
5618:
3406:
1054:, to create custom-length loops instead of the pre-sewn fixed-length slings, their load-bearing capacity can be materially reduced making them less safe. Climbers instead use
3792:
898:(CEN) is also an important major regulatory body for PPE, and which works closely with the UIAA Safety Commission through its CEN Working Group for Mountaineering Equipment.
2702:
5613:
1228:. The quickdraws used in advanced sport and in competition climbing routes often have a "bent gate" on the lower carabiner to make clipping-into the quickdraw even easier.
1122:
are closed metal clips with spring-loaded gates that are used as connectors between the rope and various devices. Modern carabiners are made from a lightweight but strong
716:
standards) for strength, durability, and reliability, and must be certified and tested against such standards with individual pieces carrying such certification marks.
901:
North
America has fewer specific regulations as rock-climbing equipment as it is not classed as military or professional PPE and thus does not fall under the American
3828:
3331:"Many a visitor has left our shores with crappy dacks (a quaint piece of slang meaning basically what you'd expect) after an exciting episode with this Aussie icon"
3625:
991:
in thickness, which are both clipped into each protection point. Twin roping is thus not used for reducing rope drag, but to have a backup rope on long climbs.
1185:
devices, and lanyards that have had heavy falls often have to be discarded. Lanyards are also constructed to be sufficiently flexible to resist being twisted.
3952:
1783:
are pre-drilled into the rock with a hand drill and tightened with a torque wrench. Some versions use a type of glue to anchor the bolt. Before insertion, a
1399:
devices) enable a climber to abseil (or rappel) down a fixed or static rope that is hanging from a fixed anchor. They perform the same basic function as the
2046:
is widely used by rock climbers to help absorb moisture on their hands; the chalk is kept in a "chalk bag" that is hung around the waist area. US boulderer
5665:
4632:
4045:
3983:
3758:
2274:
891:
5677:
1194:
however, the PAS has become popular as a way to avoid reducing the effective length of the climbing rope, and to use a more straightforward connection.
4104:
2598:
2343:
830:
is done in many formats (sport, traditional, multi-pitch), and needs an extensive range of rope devices as every pitch needs to be solo climbed (using
812:, which can be done in sport or traditional formats, requires added rope devices like ascenders and descenders for moving up and down fixed-ropes. The
3373:
3215:
1412:
3246:
1019:
material. Climbers use webbing that has been sewn using a certified standard of reinforced stitching into various lengths of closed loops called "
3439:
3340:
2473:
4620:
1614:(or tube chocks) are large hollow telescopic aluminum tubes manufactured by Trango whose width can be dynamically adjusted to fit across large
3533:
1493:
have been used (rope solo climbing requires the widest range of rope devices including ascenders and descenders), or the more straightforward
1276:, which is a static rope that is hanging from a fixed anchor. Ascenders perform the same basic function as friction or prusik knots made from
2915:
902:
4015:
3894:
3055:
2444:
1724:
Fixed protection devices are permanent on-site anchors to which a lead climber can clip their rope – often via a quickdraw – when they are
4605:
108:
2127:("tape" can also refer to webbing) is used by climbers to prevent and repair skin injuries. For example, tape lessens skin damage while
1099:) and looping the rope around various rocks as a form of protection. In addition to these early techniques, climbers also used various
5659:
5628:
3717:
546:
3861:
3013:
4654:
4649:
4078:
3472:
2199:
Various items of equipment are employed during climbing-specific training to strengthen the climber's fingers, tendons, and muscles:
132:
3396:
2948:
1936:
are steel hooks of various shapes (e.g. bat hook, talon hook, grappling hook, etc.,) that are hung from cracks and flakes (e.g. the
4157:
3784:
3182:
2746:
2621:
2559:
2407:
1016:
705:
2692:
2517:
4110:
2351:
3307:
979:(e.g. one rope is clipped into any given anchor or protection point), which have a reduced thickness of approximately 8–9
895:
3927:
17:
2813:
2664:
1249:
for ascending), and these mechanical devices help with both control and safety in all conditions (e.g. wet or icy ropes).
4615:
3818:
1214:
rope and the fixed point that can occur when the rope is just clipped into a carabiner clipped into the fixed point. In
1095:
equipment, climbers used alternative techniques such as looping the rope around the body instead of a harness (e.g. the
4264:
4196:
4166:
4142:
3697:
3668:
3096:
2986:
2860:
2755:
2568:
2416:
1563:
1181:
routes. They are often made from materials that can absorb dynamic energy and often come with additional optional fall
3615:
5764:
4600:
4585:
1103:
to tie ropes and anchor points together, which are now all replaced by rope-connecting equipment such as carabiners.
741:
variant, require the least equipment as no climbing protection or ropes are used. Equipment is generally limited to
98:
1945:
972:
2218:
their feet; it is an early version of a campus board but that focused on arm strength and not hand/finger strength.
3944:
1070:
984:
834:
or SLDs), descended back down (using descenders), and then re-ascended (using ascenders). The simpler variant of
3113:
1615:
1407:, although it is offered in more complex variations with "ears" and "wings" to prevent the rope from locking up.
704:(ABDs). Modern equipment uses advanced materials that are increasingly more durable, stronger, and lighter (e.g.
4037:
3975:
3750:
5737:
5598:
3467:
3008:
2943:
2910:
2808:
2659:
2626:
2593:
2141:(or "nut key") is a metal tool used to help retrieve nuts and hexes that have become firmly wedged into cracks.
956:, which can stretch to absorb the energy of a falling climber, or are the less expensive but more hard-wearing
539:
2255:
have been fixed in a dense grid-like fashion; modern MoonBoards have almost 200 holds from which over 55,000
1966:
does not allow the use of hammers because all clean aid equipment must only be inserted on a temporary basis.
960:, which are only for use in constant-load situations such as descending (e.g. abseiling) and ascending (e.g.
887:
2588:
1812:
1055:
976:
5528:
4905:
2050:
is largely credited with introducing "gymnastic chalk" to climbing in the 1950s (he was a gymnast himself).
2004:
are designed to increase the friction, and thus the grip, between the foot and the climbing surface with a
1592:
1537:; they also can be used for anchor points for belaying and abseiling. The devices are categorized as being
1403:
abseil but with more control and less effort. The classic passive descender, and still widely used, is the
926:
693:
3363:
1448:
5759:
3495:
3205:
944:
are 50–80 metres (160–260 ft) in length—the longer versions are for multi-pitch climbing—and have a
4222:
4900:
4666:
4212:
3238:
2131:
on rough granite surfaces; it is also used to cover skin that has been worn down on the fingers, while
1182:
1063:
1020:
770:
144:
35:
3686:
The
Climbing Dictionary: Mountaineering Slang, Terms, Neologisms & Lingo: An Illustrated Reference
3429:
3330:
2053:
Gear slings are loops of webbing (often with some padding) worn diagonally across the chest on longer
1681:(also "stoppers", "wires" or "chocks") are the most common passive protection is nuts, which replaced
5725:
5588:
4950:
2775:
2186:
where the holds are very small and need to be dry and free of any debris or vegetation to be usable;
809:
798:
780:
532:
1920:
incorrectly, which can cause the daisy chain to fail and rip apart (e.g. when trying to use it as a
1905:) are short 5–6 rung ladders made of lightweight webbing and are a central part of the technique of
5503:
5498:
4644:
4236:
3523:
1759:
1608:
against the walls of the crack. SLCDs are by far the most popular form of active protection device.
638:
490:
127:
3885:"What's A Redpoint And What Do Other Climbing Terms Mean? Our Climbing Dictionary Has The Answers"
2905:
630:
uses unique equipment to give mechanical assistance to the climber in their upward movement (e.g.
5633:
5428:
5403:
5294:
5287:
4595:
4550:
4152:
4005:
3884:
3045:
2741:
2554:
2436:
2402:
1404:
827:
738:
701:
382:
1728:; they also can be used to create anchor points for belaying and abseiling. The main types are:
5543:
5453:
5096:
4849:
4705:
4637:
4257:
3556:
3269:
2296:
2128:
2075:
are hard-wearing books (i.e. they will be taken on the climb) outlining the key details of the
1912:
1858:
1596:
1494:
1324:
1100:
835:
813:
766:
756:
650:
442:
120:
5603:
3583:
2256:
82:
5578:
5493:
4995:
4861:
4176:
3917:
3144:
2877:
1927:
1874:
1077:
for ascending or gripping fixed climbing ropes, usually using thinner approximately 5–6
866:
3083:; Gaines, Bob (August 2022). "Chapter 3: Belay Devices, Carabiners, Slings and Quickdraws".
5608:
5593:
5583:
4834:
4800:
4580:
4354:
4332:
4325:
4313:
3851:
3003:
2286:
2058:
2054:
1955:
1534:
1489:, for which devices such as Wren's Silent Partner, the Petzel GriGri, and the Wild Country
1215:
1178:
858:
615:
607:
216:
194:
187:
175:
47:
4068:
3462:
1694:
are common, the wire loop can be used as an emergency substitute for a bolt plate, like a
1206:
Sport/competition climbing quickdraw with a "bent gate" at one end for easier clipping-in
8:
5483:
5301:
5280:
5183:
5125:
5120:
5079:
5054:
4977:
4883:
4805:
4717:
4458:
4180:
4126:
4073:
4010:
3889:
3856:
3722:
3652:
3588:
3561:
3557:"Belayers's Neck Can Become a Chronic Problem. These 8 Science-Backed Methods Prevent It"
3528:
3500:
3434:
3368:
3335:
3302:
3274:
3210:
3177:
3149:
3118:
3080:
3050:
2970:
2938:
2882:
2844:
2780:
2697:
2512:
2301:
2110:
2102:
2047:
1479:
1265:
831:
776:
759:
variant, uses the same basic equipment of free soloing but with the optional addition of
697:
658:
452:
430:
4232:
3172:
2631:
967:
Some climbers will use a single full-thickness climbing rope of approximately 9–11
952:
fibers and an outer sheath mantle of woven colored coarse nylon fibers. They are either
5623:
5205:
5173:
4844:
4827:
4683:
4661:
4627:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4134:
3823:
3689:
3660:
3620:
3401:
3088:
2978:
2852:
2507:
2072:
1963:
1941:
1888:
1486:
1309:
1162:
845:
734:
512:
457:
238:
233:
228:
115:
31:
2202:
1796:, which are on-site wire quickdraws that are permanently attached to the bolt hangers.
1463:
1073:") serve a wide variety of functions in rock climbing. Uses include creating friction
5713:
5696:
5638:
5433:
5361:
5336:
5322:
5315:
5130:
5032:
4932:
4712:
4383:
4308:
4250:
4192:
4162:
4138:
3923:
3693:
3664:
3092:
2982:
2856:
2751:
2564:
2508:"Top-rope soloing: How Josh Wharton Climbs Multi-pitches Faster and With Less Energy"
2412:
2160:
1455:
1320:
1058:(or "accessory cord"), which is a length of thinner approximately 4–8 mm static
841:
619:
485:
475:
245:
170:
66:
3297:
5573:
5508:
5488:
5463:
5448:
5215:
5193:
5069:
4812:
4448:
2291:
2180:
2114:
2088:
2084:
2043:
1135:
746:
674:
591:
575:
517:
497:
293:
283:
137:
5701:
5568:
5513:
5468:
5443:
5413:
5198:
5168:
5091:
5086:
4945:
4893:
4817:
4778:
4751:
4436:
4409:
3814:
2183:
2080:
2008:
rubber sole. Stiffer shoes are used for "edging" and softer soles for "smearing".
1933:
1789:
1776:
1747:
1604:
1490:
1470:
1349:
1337:
1327:
1316:
1059:
945:
931:
788:
752:
603:
507:
266:
1300:
are mechanical friction-brake devices used to control the climbing rope(s) when
1272:" after popular brands) are mechanical devices to enable a climber to move up a
1147:
5560:
5533:
5438:
5408:
5273:
5220:
5163:
5158:
5108:
5049:
4985:
4856:
4839:
4756:
4590:
4555:
4520:
4515:
4470:
4428:
4399:
4349:
4337:
2803:
2654:
2469:
2132:
2076:
2036:
2029:
2001:
1808:
1804:
1780:
1725:
1701:
1686:
1678:
1664:
1649:
1621:
1225:
1218:, the quickdraws are already hanging from the pre-fixed bolts, which is called
1123:
941:
760:
742:
709:
670:
583:
579:
571:
502:
447:
392:
352:
347:
271:
256:
211:
199:
103:
3430:"You Trust Your Life To That? Here's How to Identify Dangerous Climbing Bolts"
1975:
Rock climbers use several pieces of specialized clothing equipment including:
1257:
5753:
5523:
5423:
5368:
5329:
5228:
5178:
5153:
5064:
4917:
4773:
4739:
4560:
4535:
4414:
4404:
4361:
4344:
4288:
4188:
2252:
2248:
2214:
2124:
2118:
2109:
pads that are worn on the lower thigh to protect a climber when performing a
2021:
Rock climbers may also use a range of other specialized equipment including:
2005:
1990:
1983:
1643:
1530:
1529:), provide the means to place temporary anchor points on the rock to which a
1315:
The range of modern belay devices also includes auto-block devices (e.g. the
1297:
792:
642:
587:
563:
425:
397:
387:
367:
223:
206:
155:
5037:
3496:"Everything You Need to Know About Placing, Evaluating, and Trusting Pitons"
1400:
1370:
1242:
878:
654:
5643:
5538:
5418:
5354:
5233:
5188:
4795:
4783:
4744:
4729:
4540:
4465:
4453:
4303:
2221:
1906:
1695:
1417:
953:
934:
910:
685:
627:
595:
480:
372:
300:
288:
165:
2847:; Gaines, Bob (August 2022). "Chapter 10: Rappelling and Rope Ascending".
2145:
5478:
5473:
5210:
5103:
5002:
4788:
4722:
4545:
4525:
4487:
4475:
4441:
3718:"The Guidebook Odyssey – Unearthing the epic task of writing a guidebook"
1978:
1949:
1784:
1691:
1423:
1269:
1246:
1174:
1170:
1074:
957:
662:
623:
377:
357:
317:
305:
276:
42:
816:
variant requires heavy-duty rope devices for carrying more gear such as
5059:
4940:
4873:
4734:
4505:
4482:
4320:
2226:
2187:
2176:
2170:
2154:
1682:
1341:
1273:
1238:
1119:
1096:
1051:
906:
817:
784:
689:
678:
666:
567:
337:
312:
182:
1382:
1042:
999:
5382:
5375:
5243:
5238:
5148:
5113:
5027:
4972:
4878:
4822:
4761:
4510:
3655:; Gaines, Bob (August 2022). "Chapter 1: Knots and Basic Equipment".
2244:
2238:
2207:
1948:
that can be attached to old metal rivets–an example being
Australian
1937:
1852:
1793:
1751:
1658:
1289:
1220:
1210:
1202:
1166:
1026:
Slings can be made into more complex pieces of equipment such as the
646:
599:
415:
342:
909:. After the United Kingdom left the European Union, it adopted the
5458:
5308:
5044:
5007:
4965:
4955:
4273:
2693:"Behind the Scenes: How Climbing Harnesses Are Designed and Tested"
2232:
2106:
1575:
1345:
1301:
961:
437:
420:
74:
1497:, for which the Petzl Micro Traxion and Camp Lift have been used.
1111:
696:(SLCDs) for protection, and advanced rope control devices such as
5074:
4960:
4910:
4766:
4530:
2138:
1811:, lost arrows) to fit various cracks, and even micro-cracks like
1611:
1600:
1581:
1541:(i.e. they dynamically move or adjust in the case of a fall), or
1330:). Some passive belay devices may also be used as descenders for
1165:(or "teather", or "via ferrata set") are much longer versions of
1015:(or "tape") is made of strong tubular nylon or the even stronger
1012:
1004:
362:
1838:
610:
adds the need to carry a "rack" of temporary passive and active
4922:
4888:
3919:
Indoor
Climbing: Skills for climbing wall users and instructors
2113:; knee pads are credited with improving climbing standards and
1711:
1396:
1331:
1046:
Rope (two on left) and cord (two on right) thicknesses compared
1034:, which is used in securing a climber to a fixed anchor point.
4069:"I was a doubter. Now the MoonBoard is My Go-to Training Tool"
2190:
may be used to clean the smallest holds without damaging them.
1868:
1704:
are hollow asymmetrical hexagonal tubes attached to a loop of
5671:
5518:
4990:
4868:
4700:
3298:"Before "the Nut" There Was "the Pebble"… and It Was Sketchy"
1959:
1898:
1844:
1799:
1765:
1352:
models allow the climber to also lead climb the route alone.
1306:
1151:
949:
862:
850:
631:
5672:
3239:"The Weirdest & Widest Trad Gear for Off-Width Climbing"
4242:
3751:"Grading: Adam Ondra and Alex Megos on Ethics and Kneepads"
1050:
While lengths of webbing can be tied via a knot, such as a
713:
3976:"Rock Climbing Injury Tips: Finger Extensor Strengthening"
1882:
4226:
4216:
1741:
712:). The equipment must meet specific standards (e.g. the
3783:
Bate, Chris; Arthur, Charles; et al. (8 May 2006).
795:
the route. No additional climbing protection is needed.
3046:"How Climbing Gear Has Evolved Over the Past 50 Years"
2750:(9th ed.). Quiller Publishing. pp. 134–154.
2563:(9th ed.). Quiller Publishing. pp. 276–317.
2437:"Rope Solo Rock Climbing: Understanding How It's Done"
2411:(9th ed.). Quiller Publishing. pp. 239–254.
2024:
1293:
Various models of tubers, and a sticht plate (r-lower)
58:, which contains SLCDs, nuts, a tricam, and quickdraws
46:
Rock climber with a helmet, harness & rope, and a
5614:
Federación Española de
Deportes de Montaña y Escalada
3852:"Everything You Need to Know for Your First Big Wall"
1958:
are a type of hammer made to insert various types of
622:, adds devices to assist in ascending and descending
5666:
International
Climbing and Mountaineering Federation
5619:
Fédération française de la montagne et de l'escalade
2275:
List of climbing and mountaineering equipment brands
2179:
are used to clean holds, particularly at the higher
2061:) when the climber cannot comfortably arrange their
1545:(i.e., they maintain a static position throughout).
892:
International
Climbing and Mountaineering Federation
5678:
3785:"A Glossary of Climbing terms: from Abseil to Zawn"
3876:
3819:"What Life's Really Like 1,400 Feet Up a Big Wall"
2557:(2018). "Chapeter 15. Aid and Big Wall Climbing".
2251:, typically overhanging at 40 degrees, onto which
948:construction consisting of a core kern of twisted
3973:
2062:
1115:Non-locking (top) and locking (bottom) carabiners
763:, which are also called crash mats or crash pads.
5751:
4151:
3114:"No Belayer Necessary: Understanding Autobelays"
2740:
2553:
2401:
2163:are used by big wall climbers to help bring up
3882:
3778:
3776:
2589:"Guidance on gear recalls and safety warnings"
886:Rock-climbing equipment is broadly classed as
787:that are clipped into the pre-drilled on-site
4258:
3945:"A Beginner's Guide to Campus Board Training"
3268:Achey, Jeff; Ellison, Julie (8 August 2022).
903:Occupational Safety and Health Administration
700:(SLDs), progress capture devices (PCDs), and
653:), the descender/abseil device (replaced the
540:
3267:
2776:"Your Complete Guide to Rock Climbing Ropes"
1921:
1517:Temporary protection devices (also known as
1427:
1154:'s "via ferrata lanyard set" with attached "
1031:
637:Advances in equipment are a key part of the
3773:
3427:
3145:"Haul Your Pack to Climb Faster and Harder"
1803:a wide variety of shapes and designs (e.g.
1533:can clip their rope (via a quickdraw) when
1340:walls can provide on-site fixed mechanical
987:uses two thinner ropes, typically 7–8
5660:International Federation of Sport Climbing
4265:
4251:
4125:
4038:"The History of the MoonBoard by Ben Moon"
3782:
3651:
3397:"What Happens When Climbing Bolts Go Bad?"
3170:
3079:
2969:
2843:
2744:(2018). "Chapter 9: Basic Safety System".
2016:
1188:
547:
533:
4175:
3915:
3813:
3394:
3364:"Tricams 101: A Guide to Using This Tool"
3138:
3136:
3001:
2903:
2839:
2837:
2835:
2833:
2831:
2801:
2769:
2767:
2652:
2586:
2468:
1952:–permanently fastened into the rock face.
1030:, which is used in aid climbing, and the
4158:Mountaineering: The Freedom of the Hills
4003:
3936:
3909:
3647:
3645:
3643:
3609:
3607:
3206:"Learn This: Offwidth Protection Primer"
3043:
2906:"Karabiners and connectors for climbers"
2747:Mountaineering: The Freedom of the Hills
2690:
2560:Mountaineering: The Freedom of the Hills
2549:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2537:
2535:
2408:Mountaineering: The Freedom of the Hills
2397:
2395:
2393:
2201:
2144:
2023:
1977:
1288:
1256:
1201:
1146:
1110:
1041:
998:
983:to limit the weight of the extra rope.
925:
877:
719:
41:
4111:Association of Canadian Mountain Guides
3715:
3521:
3493:
3075:
3073:
3039:
3037:
3035:
3033:
3031:
3002:Middelton, Daniel (25 September 2014).
2963:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2730:
2728:
2726:
2724:
2722:
2720:
2686:
2684:
2682:
2505:
2405:(2018). "Chapter 13: Rock Protection".
2391:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2352:Association of Canadian Mountain Guides
2337:
1433:
611:
51:
14:
5752:
3974:theclimbingdoctor (26 December 2018).
3942:
3922:. Cicerone Press Limited. p. 21.
3849:
3748:
3475:from the original on 14 September 2023
3376:from the original on 22 September 2022
3328:
3236:
3133:
3016:from the original on 14 September 2023
2918:from the original on 14 September 2023
2904:Middelton, Daniel (2 September 2014).
2875:
2828:
2816:from the original on 14 September 2023
2773:
2764:
2705:from the original on 27 September 2022
2691:Saunders, Samantha (18 October 2018).
2582:
2580:
2501:
2499:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2325:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2317:
896:European Committee for Standardization
4246:
4066:
3955:from the original on 29 November 2022
3730:from the original on 30 November 2020
3683:
3640:
3613:
3604:
3460:
3428:Hildenbrand, Bruce (30 August 2021).
3395:Carpenter, Shelby (4 November 2015).
3295:
3142:
2936:
2878:"How to Build an Anchor in Poor Rock"
2619:
2532:
2464:
2462:
2434:
2194:
2117:and their use has become accepted in
1970:
1618:that are too wide for standard SLCDs.
1506:
1500:
820:and provisions, which are carried in
570:needs the least equipment outside of
5720:
4161:(9th ed.). Quiller Publishing.
4081:from the original on 6 December 2022
4018:from the original on 2 December 2022
3897:from the original on 5 February 2023
3864:from the original on 9 February 2023
3831:from the original on 29 January 2023
3716:Adamson, Michael (6 February 2009).
3704:Crash Pad (crashpad, bouldering mat)
3628:from the original on 1 February 2023
3536:from the original on 19 January 2021
3442:from the original on 31 January 2023
3409:from the original on 8 December 2022
3249:from the original on 30 October 2023
3203:
3185:from the original on 30 January 2023
3111:
3105:
3070:
3058:from the original on 9 February 2023
3028:
2951:from the original on 5 December 2023
2717:
2679:
2653:Middleton, Daniel (8 October 2019).
2520:from the original on 2 November 2022
2484:from the original on 16 January 2023
2435:Black, Christian (3 February 2022).
2430:
2428:
2370:
2358:from the original on 1 November 2023
2344:"Chapter 1: Materials and Equipment"
2341:
1155:
5732:
3554:
3361:
3310:from the original on 15 August 2022
2802:Middelton, Daniel (17 March 2016).
2667:from the original on 3 October 2023
2601:from the original on 3 October 2023
2577:
2496:
2314:
1603:") consist of two to four aluminum
1344:devices that enable the climber to
916:
724:
24:
4097:
4004:Corrigan, Kevin (6 October 2022).
3795:from the original on 29 April 2018
3761:from the original on 20 March 2023
3522:Synnott, Mark (17 February 2006).
3270:"What You Need to Know About Nuts"
3218:from the original on 17 April 2024
3171:Van Leuven, Chris (17 July 2017).
3044:Erickson, Jim (9 September 2022).
3004:"Quickdraws: a guide for climbers"
2587:Middleton, Dan (13 January 2023).
2459:
1089:
1083:
1078:
988:
980:
968:
665:), the belay device (replaced the
25:
5776:
5629:South African Climbing Federation
4233:Rock climbing equipment checklist
4206:
4048:from the original on 21 June 2024
3943:Walker, Noah (9 September 2022).
3850:Synott, Mark (23 February 2022).
3749:Walker, Noah (31 December 2020).
3463:"The dangers of worn perma-draws"
2876:Martin, Jason (30 January 2023).
2447:from the original on 5 March 2023
2425:
1422:). Heavy-duty descenders such as
562:varies with the specific type of
5731:
5719:
5708:
5707:
5695:
4601:IFSC World Championships winners
3616:"Sh*t Climbers Bring These Days"
3614:Osius, Alison (22 August 2022).
3362:Fox, Amanda (6 September 2013).
3343:from the original on 6 July 2023
2939:"Get into via ferrata: the gear"
2774:Potter, Stephen (25 July 2022).
2506:Wharton, Josh (25 August 2022).
2268:
1915:are 1 to 1.5 metre-long webbing
1881:
1867:
1851:
1837:
1819:
1758:
1740:
1657:
1642:
1574:
1562:
1462:
1447:
1381:
1369:
1284:
1027:
873:
854:
81:
54:on their harness and additional
4060:
4030:
3997:
3986:from the original on 2021-05-05
3967:
3843:
3807:
3742:
3709:
3677:
3576:
3548:
3515:
3487:
3454:
3421:
3388:
3355:
3322:
3289:
3261:
3230:
3197:
3164:
2995:
2930:
2897:
2869:
2795:
1245:abseil for descending, and the
1231:
1066:into closed loops of any size.
803:
55:
5599:British Mountaineering Council
4213:Traditional Climbing Checklist
3916:Pete Hill (18 February 2013).
3584:"Our Favorite Underrated Gear"
3494:Erikson, Jim (2 August 2023).
3468:British Mountaineering Council
3204:Pack, Pamela (18 April 2016).
3009:British Mountaineering Council
2944:British Mountaineering Council
2911:British Mountaineering Council
2809:British Mountaineering Council
2660:British Mountaineering Council
2655:"Behind the scenes: equipment"
2646:
2627:British Mountaineering Council
2622:"Climbing equipment standards"
2620:McNae, Andy (4 October 1999).
2613:
2594:British Mountaineering Council
2167:and other pieces of equipment.
2066:
930:Cross-section of 10.7 mm
13:
1:
4129:; Gaines, Bob (August 2022).
4067:Samet, Matt (13 April 2023).
3883:Climbing Staff (4 May 2022).
3461:Scott, Virgil (3 June 2014).
3329:Siacci, Ryan (12 July 2023).
3296:Achey, Jeff (27 April 2022).
2973:; Gaines, Bob (August 2022).
2937:Dawes, Carey (16 July 2015).
2307:
2164:
2149:Climber lying on a portaledge
1685:with curved blocks of strong
1593:Spring-loaded camming devices
1355:
1197:
1106:
975:, or "half-ropes", to reduce
888:Personal Protective Equipment
821:
694:spring-loaded camming devices
4272:
3237:Renley, Emma (3 June 2020).
3143:Achey, Jeff (14 June 2023).
3112:Achs, Jordan (2 July 2016).
2247:. A rectangular section of
2096:
1512:
1485:The most complex use is for
1252:
1130:
7:
4006:"Hangboarding For Everyone"
2263:
2065:on the gear loops of their
1916:
1348:a route alone; more recent
1261:Ascender attached to a rope
1142:
1069:Cord loops (also known as "
10:
5781:
3555:Luu, Adam (8 April 2022).
1705:
1668:
1628:
1277:
1268:(also called "jumars" or "
771:competition speed climbing
684:Modern equipment includes
36:Glossary of climbing terms
29:
5691:
5652:
5589:Appalachian Mountain Club
5559:
5552:
5396:
5346:
5265:
5258:
5141:
5020:
4931:
4691:
4682:
4675:
4573:
4498:
4427:
4392:
4296:
4287:
4280:
2287:Alpine climbing equipment
1548:
994:
882:UIAA-certified twin ropes
838:, only requires the SLDs.
781:competition lead climbing
692:training tools, advanced
602:to clip into pre-drilled
5765:Mountaineering equipment
5504:Mountain Safety Research
5499:Mountain Equipment Co-op
4237:Mountain Equipment Co-op
4223:Sport Climbing Checklist
3524:"Big Wall Copperheading"
3173:"The History of Friends"
2302:Mixed climbing equipment
2280:
2083:) of the routes and the
1962:while ascending routes;
1719:
1037:
921:
702:assisted braking devices
5634:South Tyrol Alpine Club
5429:Eastern Mountain Sports
5295:Canadian Alpine Journal
5288:American Alpine Journal
4551:Roof and tunnel hacking
4106:Climbing Guiding Manual
2348:Climbing Guiding Manual
2257:graded boulder problems
2017:Miscellaneous equipment
1189:Personal anchor systems
1064:double fisherman's knot
560:Rock-climbing equipment
5454:Holubar Mountaineering
5266:Magazines and journals
4596:IFSC World Cup winners
2297:Ice climbing equipment
2210:
2150:
2079:including diagram (or
2032:
1986:
1922:Personal Anchor System
1831:Aid climbing equipment
1556:Active SLCD protection
1495:top rope solo climbing
1428:Personal Anchor System
1388:Petzl I'D self-locking
1294:
1262:
1207:
1159:
1116:
1047:
1032:Personal Anchor System
1008:
937:
883:
836:top rope solo climbing
757:competition bouldering
59:
5579:Alpine Club of Canada
5489:Marmot Mountain Works
5444:GERRY Mountain Sports
2804:"Slings for climbers"
2205:
2148:
2027:
1981:
1956:Rock climbing hammers
1292:
1260:
1205:
1150:
1114:
1045:
1002:
929:
913:in place of the CEN.
881:
791:while the climber is
720:Use and certification
639:rock climbing history
45:
30:Further information:
18:Protection (climbing)
5609:Club Alpino Italiano
5594:Austrian Alpine Club
5584:American Alpine Club
3684:Samet, Matt (2011).
2855:. pp. 285–290.
2085:grades of difficulty
2063:protection equipment
2059:multi-pitch climbing
2055:traditional climbing
1535:traditional climbing
1480:Self-locking devices
1441:Self-locking devices
1434:Self-locking devices
1305:Diamond ATC, or the
1216:competition climbing
1179:multi-pitch climbing
971:, and some will use
832:self-locking devices
810:Multi-pitch climbing
799:Traditional climbing
698:self-locking devices
641:, starting with the
616:Multi-pitch climbing
608:Traditional climbing
566:that is undertaken.
48:traditional climbing
27:List of manmade gear
5604:Club Alpin Français
4978:Mountaineering boot
4591:Piolet d'Or winners
4185:Trad Climbers Bible
3980:The Climbing Doctor
2087:of each individual
1779:are steel 1/2-inch
104:Piolet d'Or winners
5760:Climbing equipment
5624:German Alpine Club
4044:. 17 August 2018.
3817:(18 August 2017).
3692:. pp. 61–62.
3690:Mountaineers Books
3091:. pp. 31–54.
2474:"How to Rope Solo"
2472:(14 August 2018).
2354:. pp. 11–27.
2259:have been created.
2229:, muscle strength.
2211:
2195:Training equipment
2151:
2033:
1987:
1971:Clothing equipment
1964:clean aid climbing
1636:Passive protection
1569:Selection of SLCDs
1501:Protection devices
1487:rope solo climbing
1295:
1263:
1241:for belaying, the
1208:
1160:
1136:Climbing harnesses
1117:
1048:
1009:
938:
911:UKCA certification
884:
846:clean aid climbing
828:Rope solo climbing
739:deep-water soloing
735:Free solo climbing
618:, and the related
612:protection devices
60:
52:protection devices
32:Climbing equipment
5747:
5746:
5687:
5686:
5639:Swiss Alpine Club
5392:
5391:
5347:Non-fiction films
5323:Planinski Vestnik
5316:Himalayan Journal
5254:
5253:
5016:
5015:
4645:Historical events
4616:Eight-thousanders
4569:
4568:
4423:
4422:
4131:How to Rock Climb
3929:978-1-84965-858-4
3663:. pp. 1–14.
3657:How to Rock Climb
3085:How to Rock Climb
2975:How to Rock Climb
2849:How to Rock Climb
1507:types of climbing
1376:Advanced figure-8
1363:Modern descenders
1183:energy absorption
1171:fall factors of 2
767:Top rope climbing
749:with a chalk bag.
620:big wall climbing
557:
556:
138:Eight-thousanders
128:Historical events
16:(Redirected from
5772:
5735:
5734:
5723:
5722:
5711:
5710:
5699:
5557:
5556:
5509:Outdoor Research
5263:
5262:
4689:
4688:
4680:
4679:
4650:Grade milestones
4459:Expedition style
4294:
4293:
4285:
4284:
4267:
4260:
4253:
4244:
4243:
4202:
4187:(1st ed.).
4172:
4153:The Mountaineers
4148:
4133:(6th ed.).
4122:
4120:
4118:
4091:
4090:
4088:
4086:
4064:
4058:
4057:
4055:
4053:
4042:Gripped Magazine
4034:
4028:
4027:
4025:
4023:
4001:
3995:
3994:
3992:
3991:
3971:
3965:
3964:
3962:
3960:
3940:
3934:
3933:
3913:
3907:
3906:
3904:
3902:
3880:
3874:
3873:
3871:
3869:
3847:
3841:
3840:
3838:
3836:
3815:DiGiulian, Sasha
3811:
3805:
3804:
3802:
3800:
3780:
3771:
3770:
3768:
3766:
3755:Gripped Magazine
3746:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3735:
3713:
3707:
3706:
3681:
3675:
3674:
3659:(6th ed.).
3649:
3638:
3637:
3635:
3633:
3611:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3597:
3580:
3574:
3573:
3571:
3569:
3552:
3546:
3545:
3543:
3541:
3519:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3508:
3491:
3485:
3484:
3482:
3480:
3458:
3452:
3451:
3449:
3447:
3425:
3419:
3418:
3416:
3414:
3392:
3386:
3385:
3383:
3381:
3359:
3353:
3352:
3350:
3348:
3326:
3320:
3319:
3317:
3315:
3293:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3282:
3265:
3259:
3258:
3256:
3254:
3234:
3228:
3227:
3225:
3223:
3201:
3195:
3194:
3192:
3190:
3168:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3157:
3140:
3131:
3130:
3128:
3126:
3109:
3103:
3102:
3087:(6th ed.).
3077:
3068:
3067:
3065:
3063:
3041:
3026:
3025:
3023:
3021:
2999:
2993:
2992:
2977:(6th ed.).
2967:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2956:
2934:
2928:
2927:
2925:
2923:
2901:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2890:
2873:
2867:
2866:
2851:(6th ed.).
2841:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2821:
2799:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2771:
2762:
2761:
2742:The Mountaineers
2738:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2710:
2688:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2672:
2650:
2644:
2643:
2641:
2639:
2630:. Archived from
2617:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2606:
2584:
2575:
2574:
2555:The Mountaineers
2551:
2530:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2503:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2466:
2457:
2456:
2454:
2452:
2432:
2423:
2422:
2403:The Mountaineers
2399:
2368:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2339:
2292:Caving equipment
2028:Climber using a
1885:
1871:
1855:
1841:
1762:
1744:
1734:Fixed protection
1661:
1646:
1616:off-width cracks
1578:
1566:
1505:As discussed in
1466:
1451:
1421:
1385:
1373:
1085:
1080:
990:
982:
970:
917:Ropes and slings
725:Type of climbing
549:
542:
535:
294:Expedition style
133:Grade milestones
85:
62:
61:
21:
5780:
5779:
5775:
5774:
5773:
5771:
5770:
5769:
5750:
5749:
5748:
5743:
5683:
5648:
5548:
5414:Cascade Designs
5388:
5342:
5250:
5137:
5012:
4946:Abalakov thread
4927:
4671:
4565:
4494:
4419:
4388:
4372:Deep-water solo
4276:
4271:
4209:
4199:
4169:
4145:
4116:
4114:
4103:
4100:
4098:Further reading
4095:
4094:
4084:
4082:
4065:
4061:
4051:
4049:
4036:
4035:
4031:
4021:
4019:
4002:
3998:
3989:
3987:
3972:
3968:
3958:
3956:
3941:
3937:
3930:
3914:
3910:
3900:
3898:
3881:
3877:
3867:
3865:
3848:
3844:
3834:
3832:
3812:
3808:
3798:
3796:
3781:
3774:
3764:
3762:
3747:
3743:
3733:
3731:
3714:
3710:
3700:
3682:
3678:
3671:
3650:
3641:
3631:
3629:
3612:
3605:
3595:
3593:
3582:
3581:
3577:
3567:
3565:
3553:
3549:
3539:
3537:
3520:
3516:
3506:
3504:
3492:
3488:
3478:
3476:
3459:
3455:
3445:
3443:
3426:
3422:
3412:
3410:
3393:
3389:
3379:
3377:
3360:
3356:
3346:
3344:
3327:
3323:
3313:
3311:
3294:
3290:
3280:
3278:
3266:
3262:
3252:
3250:
3235:
3231:
3221:
3219:
3202:
3198:
3188:
3186:
3169:
3165:
3155:
3153:
3141:
3134:
3124:
3122:
3110:
3106:
3099:
3078:
3071:
3061:
3059:
3042:
3029:
3019:
3017:
3000:
2996:
2989:
2981:. p. 270.
2968:
2964:
2954:
2952:
2935:
2931:
2921:
2919:
2902:
2898:
2888:
2886:
2874:
2870:
2863:
2842:
2829:
2819:
2817:
2800:
2796:
2786:
2784:
2772:
2765:
2758:
2739:
2718:
2708:
2706:
2689:
2680:
2670:
2668:
2651:
2647:
2637:
2635:
2618:
2614:
2604:
2602:
2585:
2578:
2571:
2552:
2533:
2523:
2521:
2504:
2497:
2487:
2485:
2470:Whittaker, Pete
2467:
2460:
2450:
2448:
2433:
2426:
2419:
2400:
2371:
2361:
2359:
2340:
2315:
2310:
2283:
2271:
2266:
2197:
2184:climbing routes
2115:climbing grades
2077:climbing routes
2037:Bouldering mats
2019:
1973:
1901:(or the French
1895:
1894:
1893:
1892:
1891:
1886:
1878:
1877:
1872:
1863:
1862:
1861:
1856:
1848:
1847:
1842:
1833:
1832:
1822:
1781:expansion bolts
1773:
1772:
1771:
1770:
1769:
1768:with metal ring
1763:
1755:
1754:
1745:
1736:
1735:
1722:
1675:
1674:
1673:
1672:
1671:
1662:
1654:
1653:
1647:
1638:
1637:
1631:
1622:Removable bolts
1589:
1588:
1587:
1586:
1585:
1584:SLCD in a crack
1579:
1571:
1570:
1567:
1558:
1557:
1551:
1515:
1503:
1477:
1476:
1475:
1474:
1473:
1467:
1459:
1458:
1452:
1443:
1442:
1436:
1415:
1395:Descenders (or
1393:
1392:
1391:
1390:
1389:
1386:
1378:
1377:
1374:
1365:
1364:
1358:
1350:lead auto belay
1338:Indoor climbing
1287:
1255:
1234:
1200:
1191:
1156:energy absorber
1145:
1133:
1109:
1092:
1090:Rope connectors
1060:kernmantle rope
1040:
1017:spectra/dyneema
997:
924:
919:
876:
761:bouldering mats
727:
722:
710:aluminum alloys
706:spectra/dyneema
649:(replaced many
553:
524:
462:
402:
324:
250:
234:Deep-water solo
149:
38:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5778:
5768:
5767:
5762:
5745:
5744:
5742:
5741:
5729:
5717:
5705:
5692:
5689:
5688:
5685:
5684:
5682:
5681:
5675:
5669:
5663:
5656:
5654:
5650:
5649:
5647:
5646:
5641:
5636:
5631:
5626:
5621:
5616:
5611:
5606:
5601:
5596:
5591:
5586:
5581:
5576:
5571:
5565:
5563:
5554:
5550:
5549:
5547:
5546:
5541:
5536:
5534:The North Face
5531:
5526:
5521:
5516:
5511:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5464:Sierra Designs
5461:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5441:
5439:Frostline Kits
5436:
5431:
5426:
5421:
5416:
5411:
5406:
5400:
5398:
5394:
5393:
5390:
5389:
5387:
5386:
5379:
5372:
5365:
5358:
5350:
5348:
5344:
5343:
5341:
5340:
5333:
5330:Rock & Ice
5326:
5319:
5312:
5305:
5298:
5291:
5284:
5277:
5274:Alpine Journal
5269:
5267:
5260:
5256:
5255:
5252:
5251:
5249:
5248:
5247:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5202:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5164:Climbing route
5161:
5156:
5151:
5145:
5143:
5139:
5138:
5136:
5135:
5134:
5133:
5123:
5118:
5117:
5116:
5109:Simul-climbing
5106:
5101:
5100:
5099:
5094:
5084:
5083:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5050:Front pointing
5047:
5042:
5041:
5040:
5035:
5024:
5022:
5018:
5017:
5014:
5013:
5011:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4999:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4986:Avalanche cord
4980:
4975:
4970:
4969:
4968:
4958:
4953:
4951:Bottled oxygen
4948:
4943:
4937:
4935:
4929:
4928:
4926:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4914:
4913:
4903:
4898:
4897:
4896:
4891:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4865:
4864:
4854:
4853:
4852:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4831:
4830:
4825:
4815:
4810:
4809:
4808:
4798:
4793:
4792:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4771:
4770:
4769:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4748:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4727:
4726:
4725:
4715:
4710:
4709:
4708:
4697:
4695:
4686:
4677:
4673:
4672:
4670:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4658:
4657:
4652:
4642:
4641:
4640:
4635:
4625:
4624:
4623:
4618:
4610:
4609:
4608:
4606:IFSC victories
4603:
4598:
4593:
4583:
4577:
4575:
4571:
4570:
4567:
4566:
4564:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4502:
4500:
4496:
4495:
4493:
4492:
4491:
4490:
4480:
4479:
4478:
4473:
4463:
4462:
4461:
4456:
4446:
4445:
4444:
4433:
4431:
4429:Mountaineering
4425:
4424:
4421:
4420:
4418:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4396:
4394:
4390:
4389:
4387:
4386:
4381:
4380:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4359:
4358:
4357:
4352:
4342:
4341:
4340:
4330:
4329:
4328:
4318:
4317:
4316:
4306:
4300:
4298:
4291:
4282:
4278:
4277:
4270:
4269:
4262:
4255:
4247:
4241:
4240:
4230:
4220:
4208:
4207:External links
4205:
4204:
4203:
4198:978-0762783724
4197:
4173:
4168:978-1846892622
4167:
4149:
4144:978-1493056262
4143:
4123:
4099:
4096:
4093:
4092:
4059:
4029:
3996:
3966:
3935:
3928:
3908:
3875:
3842:
3806:
3772:
3741:
3708:
3699:978-1594855023
3698:
3676:
3670:978-1493056262
3669:
3639:
3603:
3592:. 12 July 2023
3575:
3547:
3514:
3486:
3453:
3420:
3387:
3354:
3321:
3288:
3260:
3229:
3196:
3163:
3132:
3104:
3098:978-1493056262
3097:
3069:
3027:
2994:
2988:978-1493056262
2987:
2962:
2929:
2896:
2868:
2862:978-1493056262
2861:
2827:
2794:
2763:
2757:978-1846892622
2756:
2716:
2678:
2645:
2634:on 22 May 2022
2612:
2576:
2570:978-1846892622
2569:
2531:
2495:
2458:
2424:
2418:978-1846892622
2417:
2369:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2305:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2282:
2279:
2278:
2277:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2261:
2260:
2253:climbing holds
2242:
2236:
2230:
2219:
2196:
2193:
2192:
2191:
2174:
2168:
2158:
2143:
2142:
2136:
2133:crack climbing
2122:
2100:
2092:
2070:
2051:
2044:Climbing chalk
2041:
2030:bouldering mat
2018:
2015:
2014:
2013:
2009:
2002:Climbing shoes
1999:
1995:
1982:A modern rock
1972:
1969:
1968:
1967:
1953:
1931:
1925:
1910:
1887:
1880:
1879:
1873:
1866:
1865:
1864:
1857:
1850:
1849:
1843:
1836:
1835:
1834:
1830:
1829:
1828:
1827:
1821:
1818:
1817:
1816:
1797:
1764:
1757:
1756:
1746:
1739:
1738:
1737:
1733:
1732:
1731:
1730:
1726:sport climbing
1721:
1718:
1717:
1716:
1709:
1699:
1687:aluminum alloy
1663:
1656:
1655:
1648:
1641:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1634:
1633:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1625:
1619:
1609:
1580:
1573:
1572:
1568:
1561:
1560:
1559:
1555:
1554:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1514:
1511:
1502:
1499:
1468:
1461:
1460:
1453:
1446:
1445:
1444:
1440:
1439:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1387:
1380:
1379:
1375:
1368:
1367:
1366:
1362:
1361:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1286:
1283:
1254:
1251:
1233:
1230:
1226:sport climbing
1199:
1196:
1190:
1187:
1144:
1141:
1132:
1129:
1124:aluminum alloy
1108:
1105:
1101:climbing knots
1091:
1088:
1039:
1036:
996:
993:
942:climbing ropes
923:
920:
918:
915:
875:
872:
871:
870:
839:
825:
807:
796:
783:variant, adds
777:Sport climbing
774:
764:
750:
743:climbing shoes
726:
723:
721:
718:
661:(replaced the
584:Sport climbing
576:climbing chalk
572:climbing shoes
555:
554:
552:
551:
544:
537:
529:
526:
525:
523:
522:
521:
520:
515:
510:
500:
495:
494:
493:
488:
478:
472:
469:
468:
464:
463:
461:
460:
455:
450:
448:Simul climbing
445:
440:
435:
434:
433:
423:
418:
412:
409:
408:
404:
403:
401:
400:
395:
390:
385:
380:
375:
370:
365:
360:
355:
350:
345:
340:
334:
331:
330:
326:
325:
323:
322:
321:
320:
310:
309:
308:
298:
297:
296:
291:
281:
280:
279:
274:
263:
260:
259:
257:mountaineering
252:
251:
249:
248:
243:
242:
241:
236:
231:
221:
220:
219:
214:
204:
203:
202:
192:
191:
190:
180:
179:
178:
168:
162:
159:
158:
151:
150:
148:
147:
142:
141:
140:
135:
125:
124:
123:
113:
112:
111:
109:IFSC victories
106:
95:
92:
91:
87:
86:
78:
77:
71:
70:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5777:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5757:
5755:
5740:
5739:
5730:
5728:
5727:
5718:
5716:
5715:
5706:
5704:
5703:
5698:
5694:
5693:
5690:
5679:
5676:
5673:
5670:
5667:
5664:
5661:
5658:
5657:
5655:
5653:International
5651:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5612:
5610:
5607:
5605:
5602:
5600:
5597:
5595:
5592:
5590:
5587:
5585:
5582:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5567:
5566:
5564:
5562:
5558:
5555:
5553:Organizations
5551:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5424:Early Winters
5422:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5404:Black Diamond
5402:
5401:
5399:
5395:
5385:
5384:
5380:
5378:
5377:
5373:
5371:
5370:
5369:The Dawn Wall
5366:
5364:
5363:
5359:
5357:
5356:
5352:
5351:
5349:
5345:
5339:
5338:
5334:
5332:
5331:
5327:
5325:
5324:
5320:
5318:
5317:
5313:
5311:
5310:
5306:
5304:
5303:
5299:
5297:
5296:
5292:
5290:
5289:
5285:
5283:
5282:
5278:
5276:
5275:
5271:
5270:
5268:
5264:
5261:
5257:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5229:Bachar ladder
5227:
5226:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5179:Climbing wall
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5166:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5154:Approach shoe
5152:
5150:
5147:
5146:
5144:
5140:
5132:
5129:
5128:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5115:
5112:
5111:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5089:
5088:
5085:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5067:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5030:
5029:
5026:
5025:
5023:
5019:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4983:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4967:
4964:
4963:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4938:
4936:
4934:
4930:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4912:
4909:
4908:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4886:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4863:
4860:
4859:
4858:
4855:
4851:
4848:
4847:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4820:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4807:
4804:
4803:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4776:
4775:
4774:Climbing rope
4772:
4768:
4765:
4764:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4732:
4731:
4728:
4724:
4721:
4720:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4707:
4704:
4703:
4702:
4699:
4698:
4696:
4694:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4681:
4678:
4674:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4656:
4655:First ascents
4653:
4651:
4648:
4647:
4646:
4643:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4630:
4629:
4626:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4613:
4611:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4588:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4578:
4576:
4572:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4503:
4501:
4497:
4489:
4486:
4485:
4484:
4481:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4468:
4467:
4464:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4451:
4450:
4447:
4443:
4440:
4439:
4438:
4435:
4434:
4432:
4430:
4426:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4397:
4395:
4391:
4385:
4382:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4364:
4363:
4360:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4347:
4346:
4343:
4339:
4336:
4335:
4334:
4331:
4327:
4324:
4323:
4322:
4319:
4315:
4312:
4311:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4301:
4299:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4289:Rock climbing
4286:
4283:
4279:
4275:
4268:
4263:
4261:
4256:
4254:
4249:
4248:
4245:
4238:
4234:
4231:
4228:
4224:
4221:
4218:
4214:
4211:
4210:
4200:
4194:
4190:
4189:Falcon Guides
4186:
4182:
4178:
4174:
4170:
4164:
4160:
4159:
4154:
4150:
4146:
4140:
4136:
4135:Falcon Guides
4132:
4128:
4124:
4112:
4108:
4107:
4102:
4101:
4080:
4076:
4075:
4070:
4063:
4047:
4043:
4039:
4033:
4017:
4013:
4012:
4007:
4000:
3985:
3981:
3977:
3970:
3954:
3950:
3946:
3939:
3931:
3925:
3921:
3920:
3912:
3896:
3892:
3891:
3886:
3879:
3863:
3859:
3858:
3853:
3846:
3830:
3826:
3825:
3820:
3816:
3810:
3794:
3790:
3786:
3779:
3777:
3760:
3756:
3752:
3745:
3729:
3725:
3724:
3719:
3712:
3705:
3701:
3695:
3691:
3687:
3680:
3672:
3666:
3662:
3661:Falcon Guides
3658:
3654:
3648:
3646:
3644:
3627:
3623:
3622:
3617:
3610:
3608:
3591:
3590:
3585:
3579:
3564:
3563:
3558:
3551:
3535:
3531:
3530:
3525:
3518:
3503:
3502:
3497:
3490:
3474:
3470:
3469:
3464:
3457:
3441:
3437:
3436:
3431:
3424:
3408:
3404:
3403:
3398:
3391:
3375:
3371:
3370:
3365:
3358:
3342:
3338:
3337:
3332:
3325:
3309:
3305:
3304:
3299:
3292:
3277:
3276:
3271:
3264:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3233:
3217:
3213:
3212:
3207:
3200:
3184:
3180:
3179:
3174:
3167:
3152:
3151:
3146:
3139:
3137:
3121:
3120:
3115:
3108:
3100:
3094:
3090:
3089:Falcon Guides
3086:
3082:
3076:
3074:
3057:
3053:
3052:
3047:
3040:
3038:
3036:
3034:
3032:
3015:
3011:
3010:
3005:
2998:
2990:
2984:
2980:
2979:Falcon Guides
2976:
2972:
2966:
2950:
2946:
2945:
2940:
2933:
2917:
2913:
2912:
2907:
2900:
2885:
2884:
2879:
2872:
2864:
2858:
2854:
2853:Falcon Guides
2850:
2846:
2840:
2838:
2836:
2834:
2832:
2815:
2811:
2810:
2805:
2798:
2783:
2782:
2777:
2770:
2768:
2759:
2753:
2749:
2748:
2743:
2737:
2735:
2733:
2731:
2729:
2727:
2725:
2723:
2721:
2704:
2700:
2699:
2694:
2687:
2685:
2683:
2666:
2662:
2661:
2656:
2649:
2633:
2629:
2628:
2623:
2616:
2600:
2596:
2595:
2590:
2583:
2581:
2572:
2566:
2562:
2561:
2556:
2550:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2536:
2519:
2515:
2514:
2509:
2502:
2500:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2465:
2463:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2431:
2429:
2420:
2414:
2410:
2409:
2404:
2398:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2342:ACMG (2023).
2338:
2336:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2318:
2313:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2284:
2276:
2273:
2272:
2269:Manufacturers
2258:
2254:
2250:
2249:climbing wall
2246:
2243:
2240:
2237:
2234:
2231:
2228:
2223:
2220:
2216:
2215:Bachar ladder
2213:
2212:
2209:
2204:
2200:
2189:
2185:
2182:
2178:
2175:
2172:
2169:
2166:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2152:
2147:
2140:
2137:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2119:free climbing
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2101:
2098:
2093:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2071:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2057:routes (e.g.
2056:
2052:
2049:
2045:
2042:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2031:
2026:
2022:
2010:
2007:
2003:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1991:Belay glasses
1989:
1988:
1985:
1984:climbing shoe
1980:
1976:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1918:
1914:
1911:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1890:
1884:
1876:
1870:
1860:
1854:
1846:
1840:
1826:
1820:Aid equipment
1814:
1810:
1806:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1791:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1767:
1761:
1753:
1749:
1743:
1729:
1727:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1693:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1677:
1676:
1670:
1666:
1660:
1651:
1645:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1613:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1583:
1577:
1565:
1546:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1510:
1508:
1498:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1483:
1481:
1472:
1469:Wild Country
1465:
1457:
1450:
1431:
1429:
1425:
1419:
1414:
1408:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1384:
1372:
1353:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1303:
1299:
1298:Belay devices
1291:
1285:Belay devices
1282:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1259:
1250:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1229:
1227:
1223:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1204:
1195:
1186:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1140:
1137:
1128:
1125:
1121:
1113:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1087:
1076:
1072:
1067:
1065:
1062:, tied via a
1061:
1057:
1053:
1044:
1035:
1033:
1029:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1006:
1003:Sets of sewn
1001:
992:
986:
978:
974:
965:
963:
959:
955:
954:dynamic ropes
951:
947:
943:
936:
933:
928:
914:
912:
908:
904:
899:
897:
893:
889:
880:
874:Certification
868:
864:
860:
857:, as well as
856:
852:
847:
843:
840:
837:
833:
829:
826:
823:
819:
815:
811:
808:
805:
800:
797:
794:
793:lead climbing
790:
786:
782:
778:
775:
772:
768:
765:
762:
758:
754:
751:
748:
744:
740:
736:
733:
732:
731:
717:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
686:dynamic ropes
682:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
643:climbing rope
640:
635:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
596:belay devices
593:
589:
585:
581:
578:and optional
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
550:
545:
543:
538:
536:
531:
530:
528:
527:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
505:
504:
501:
499:
496:
492:
489:
487:
484:
483:
482:
479:
477:
474:
473:
471:
470:
466:
465:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
443:Self rescuing
441:
439:
436:
432:
429:
428:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
413:
411:
410:
406:
405:
399:
396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
364:
361:
359:
356:
354:
351:
349:
346:
344:
341:
339:
336:
335:
333:
332:
328:
327:
319:
316:
315:
314:
311:
307:
304:
303:
302:
299:
295:
292:
290:
287:
286:
285:
282:
278:
275:
273:
270:
269:
268:
265:
264:
262:
261:
258:
254:
253:
247:
244:
240:
237:
235:
232:
230:
227:
226:
225:
222:
218:
215:
213:
210:
209:
208:
205:
201:
198:
197:
196:
193:
189:
186:
185:
184:
181:
177:
174:
173:
172:
169:
167:
164:
163:
161:
160:
157:
156:rock climbing
153:
152:
146:
143:
139:
136:
134:
131:
130:
129:
126:
122:
119:
118:
117:
114:
110:
107:
105:
102:
101:
100:
97:
96:
94:
93:
89:
88:
84:
80:
79:
76:
73:
72:
68:
64:
63:
57:
53:
49:
44:
40:
37:
33:
19:
5736:
5724:
5712:
5700:
5644:USA Climbing
5544:Wild Country
5539:Therm-a-Rest
5381:
5374:
5367:
5360:
5355:The Alpinist
5353:
5335:
5328:
5321:
5314:
5307:
5300:
5293:
5286:
5279:
5272:
5234:Campus board
5189:First ascent
4933:Ice and snow
4730:Belay device
4692:
4581:Alpine clubs
4541:Ropes course
4454:Alpine style
4184:
4177:Croft, Peter
4156:
4130:
4117:10 September
4115:. Retrieved
4105:
4083:. Retrieved
4072:
4062:
4050:. Retrieved
4041:
4032:
4020:. Retrieved
4009:
3999:
3988:. Retrieved
3979:
3969:
3957:. Retrieved
3948:
3938:
3918:
3911:
3899:. Retrieved
3888:
3878:
3866:. Retrieved
3855:
3845:
3833:. Retrieved
3822:
3809:
3797:. Retrieved
3788:
3763:. Retrieved
3754:
3744:
3732:. Retrieved
3721:
3711:
3703:
3685:
3679:
3656:
3630:. Retrieved
3619:
3594:. Retrieved
3587:
3578:
3566:. Retrieved
3560:
3550:
3540:13 September
3538:. Retrieved
3527:
3517:
3507:12 September
3505:. Retrieved
3499:
3489:
3479:12 September
3477:. Retrieved
3466:
3456:
3446:12 September
3444:. Retrieved
3433:
3423:
3413:12 September
3411:. Retrieved
3400:
3390:
3380:12 September
3378:. Retrieved
3367:
3357:
3345:. Retrieved
3334:
3324:
3314:12 September
3312:. Retrieved
3301:
3291:
3281:12 September
3279:. Retrieved
3273:
3263:
3251:. Retrieved
3242:
3232:
3220:. Retrieved
3209:
3199:
3189:12 September
3187:. Retrieved
3176:
3166:
3156:15 September
3154:. Retrieved
3148:
3123:. Retrieved
3117:
3107:
3084:
3060:. Retrieved
3049:
3020:10 September
3018:. Retrieved
3007:
2997:
2974:
2965:
2955:10 September
2953:. Retrieved
2942:
2932:
2922:10 September
2920:. Retrieved
2909:
2899:
2889:15 September
2887:. Retrieved
2881:
2871:
2848:
2820:10 September
2818:. Retrieved
2807:
2797:
2787:10 September
2785:. Retrieved
2779:
2745:
2709:14 September
2707:. Retrieved
2696:
2671:14 September
2669:. Retrieved
2658:
2648:
2638:14 September
2636:. Retrieved
2632:the original
2625:
2615:
2605:14 September
2603:. Retrieved
2592:
2558:
2522:. Retrieved
2511:
2486:. Retrieved
2477:
2449:. Retrieved
2440:
2406:
2362:10 September
2360:. Retrieved
2347:
2222:Campus board
2198:
2188:toothbrushes
2177:Wire brushes
2129:hand jamming
2125:Medical tape
2020:
1994:instructors.
1974:
1950:carrot bolts
1946:rivet hanger
1913:Daisy chains
1907:aid climbing
1902:
1823:
1723:
1696:rivet hanger
1692:carrot bolts
1667:on loops of
1595:(SLCDs, or "
1542:
1538:
1531:lead climber
1526:
1522:
1518:
1516:
1504:
1484:
1478:
1424:abseil racks
1409:
1405:figure-eight
1394:
1336:
1325:Wild Country
1314:
1296:
1264:
1235:
1232:Rope devices
1221:pinkpointing
1219:
1209:
1192:
1173:as found on
1161:
1134:
1118:
1093:
1075:prusik knots
1068:
1049:
1025:
1010:
973:double ropes
966:
958:static ropes
939:
935:dynamic rope
900:
885:
855:daisy chains
842:Aid climbing
728:
683:
636:
628:aid climbing
559:
558:
481:First ascent
383:Roof hacking
373:Rock hopping
289:Alpine style
39:
5738:WikiProject
5574:Alpine Club
5569:Access Fund
5479:Lowe Alpine
5474:La Sportiva
5211:Fall factor
5104:Self-arrest
5080:Redpointing
5003:Snow anchor
4757:Boulder mat
4706:Daisy chain
4676:Terminology
4667:Terminology
4546:Rooftopping
4488:Hillwalking
4476:Dry-tooling
4442:Via ferrata
4355:Traditional
4333:Competition
4314:Multi-pitch
4297:Disciplines
3959:27 November
3789:UK Climbing
2171:Stick clips
2155:Portaledges
1928:Copperheads
1859:Daisy chain
1809:knifeblades
1785:bolt hanger
1683:chockstones
1416: [
1413:Petzl I'D S
1247:prusik knot
1175:via ferrata
1071:cordelettes
1028:daisy chain
985:Twin roping
890:(PPE). The
867:copperheads
818:portaledges
679:chockstones
663:prusik knot
626:. Finally,
624:fixed ropes
431:Redpointing
407:Key actions
378:Rooftopping
329:Other types
318:Hillwalking
306:Dry-tooling
277:Via ferrata
217:Traditional
195:Competition
176:Multi-pitch
145:Terminology
5754:Categories
5362:El Capitan
5126:Traversing
5075:Onsighting
5055:Glissading
5038:DĂĽlfersitz
5033:Australian
4996:Transeiver
4941:Alpenstock
4874:Portaledge
4862:Copperhead
4801:Descenders
4735:Auto belay
4526:Commercial
4506:Buildering
4483:Scrambling
4393:Rock types
4384:Top roping
4321:Bouldering
4181:Long, John
4127:Long, John
3990:2021-05-05
3653:Long, John
3347:8 November
3253:30 October
3243:GearJunkie
3222:30 October
3081:Long, John
2971:Long, John
2845:Long, John
2478:UKClimbing
2441:GearJunkie
2308:References
2233:Grip saver
2227:plyometric
2073:Guidebooks
2006:vulcanized
1875:Copperhead
1794:permadraws
1792:use fixed
1401:dĂĽlfersitz
1356:Descenders
1342:auto belay
1274:fixed rope
1243:dĂĽlfersitz
1239:body belay
1211:Quickdraws
1198:Quickdraws
1167:quickdraws
1120:Carabiners
1107:Carabiners
1097:body belay
1052:water knot
946:kernmantle
932:kernmantle
907:CE marking
844:, and its
804:gear sling
785:quickdraws
779:, and its
769:, and its
755:, and its
753:Bouldering
737:, and its
690:plyometric
677:(replaced
667:body belay
655:dĂĽlfersitz
600:quickdraws
580:crash pads
568:Bouldering
458:Techniques
453:Traversing
358:Commercial
338:Buildering
313:Scrambling
246:Top roping
183:Bouldering
56:gear sling
50:"rack" of
5514:Patagonia
5397:Companies
5383:Hard Grit
5376:Free Solo
5244:MoonBoard
5239:Hangboard
5225:Training
5174:Guidebook
5149:Ape index
5114:Rope team
5028:Abseiling
4973:Ice screw
4879:Quickdraw
4762:Carabiner
4684:Equipment
4662:Technique
4628:Equipment
4511:Canyoning
4449:Himalayan
4377:Rope solo
4367:Free solo
3734:26 August
3125:2 October
2245:MoonBoard
2239:Hangboard
2208:hangboard
2165:haul bags
2103:Knee pads
2067:harnesses
2048:John Gill
1938:fifi hook
1752:quickdraw
1652:on a wire
1513:Temporary
1332:abseiling
1266:Ascenders
1253:Ascenders
1131:Harnesses
1082:7–8
977:rope drag
822:haul bags
647:carabiner
592:harnesses
467:Key terms
416:Abseiling
343:Canyoning
284:Himalayan
255:Types of
239:Rope solo
229:Free solo
154:Types of
116:Equipment
5714:Category
5561:National
5459:JanSport
5434:Five Ten
5309:Desnivel
5302:Climbing
5281:Alpinist
5206:Exposure
5184:Chipping
5131:Tyrolean
5121:Spotting
5092:Crevasse
5070:Flashing
5060:Jumaring
5045:Belaying
5008:Snowshoe
4966:Ice tool
4956:Crampons
4806:Figure-8
4718:Ascender
4586:Climbers
4326:Highball
4309:Big wall
4274:Climbing
4183:(2014).
4155:(2018).
4079:Archived
4074:Climbing
4046:Archived
4022:10 March
4016:Archived
4011:Climbing
3984:Archived
3953:Archived
3895:Archived
3890:Climbing
3862:Archived
3857:Climbing
3829:Archived
3799:29 April
3793:Archived
3759:Archived
3728:Archived
3723:Climbing
3626:Archived
3589:Climbing
3562:Climbing
3534:Archived
3529:Climbing
3501:Climbing
3473:Archived
3440:Archived
3435:Climbing
3407:Archived
3374:Archived
3369:Climbing
3341:Archived
3336:Climbing
3308:Archived
3303:Climbing
3275:Climbing
3247:Archived
3216:Archived
3211:Climbing
3183:Archived
3178:Climbing
3150:Climbing
3119:Climbing
3056:Archived
3051:Climbing
3014:Archived
2949:Archived
2916:Archived
2883:Climbing
2814:Archived
2781:Climbing
2703:Archived
2698:Climbing
2665:Archived
2599:Archived
2518:Archived
2513:Climbing
2482:Archived
2445:Archived
2356:Archived
2264:See also
2139:Nut tool
2111:knee bar
2107:neoprene
1612:Big Bros
1601:camalots
1346:top rope
1302:belaying
1163:Lanyards
1143:Lanyards
962:jumaring
814:big wall
659:ascender
564:climbing
438:Jumaring
421:Belaying
188:Highball
171:Big wall
99:Climbers
75:Climbing
67:a series
65:Part of
5726:Commons
5680:(UIMLA)
5674:(UIAGM)
5065:Leading
4982:Rescue
4961:Ice axe
4911:Camalot
4845:Lanyard
4828:Skyhook
4813:Harness
4784:Dynamic
4767:Maillon
4740:Glasses
4621:Everest
4612:Deaths
4531:Parkour
4085:21 June
4052:21 June
3949:Gripped
3901:3 March
3835:25 June
3824:Outside
3765:25 June
3632:25 June
3621:Outside
3596:25 June
3568:25 June
3402:Outside
3062:25 June
2524:5 March
2488:3 March
2451:3 March
2161:Pulleys
2097:pulleys
2040:injury.
1998:system.
1942:skyhook
1903:etriers
1889:Skyhook
1712:Tricams
1629:Passive
1597:friends
1582:Camalot
1543:passive
1525:or the
1323:or the
1310:Reverso
1013:webbing
1011:Modern
1005:webbing
940:Modern
859:hammers
669:), and
657:), the
426:Leading
363:Parkour
5702:Portal
5668:(UIAA)
5662:(IFSC)
5494:Millet
5484:Mammut
5449:Grivel
5419:Deuter
5337:Summit
5221:Guides
5216:Grades
5087:Rescue
5021:Action
4923:Tricam
4889:Grigri
4835:Hammer
4789:Static
4745:Gloves
4713:Anchor
4633:Brands
4437:Alpine
4239:(2023)
4229:(2023)
4219:(2023)
4195:
4165:
4141:
4113:. 2023
3926:
3868:16 May
3696:
3667:
3095:
2985:
2859:
2754:
2567:
2415:
2181:graded
1960:pitons
1917:slings
1899:Aiders
1805:angles
1800:Pitons
1549:Active
1539:active
1456:GriGri
1454:Petzl
1397:abseil
1321:GriGri
1270:crolls
1177:or on
1086:cord.
1021:slings
1007:slings
995:Slings
863:pitons
851:aiders
632:aiders
598:, and
476:Anchor
267:Alpine
5519:Petzl
5469:Kelty
5259:Media
5194:Pitch
5159:Clean
5142:Other
4991:RECCO
4918:Shoes
4906:SLCDs
4901:Sling
4869:Piton
4818:Hooks
4796:Chalk
4723:Croll
4701:Aider
4638:Knots
4574:Lists
4556:Slide
4521:Grass
4516:Crane
4499:Other
4471:Mixed
4400:Crack
4350:Sport
4338:Speed
4281:Types
2281:Types
2089:pitch
2081:topos
2012:over.
1934:Hooks
1845:Aider
1813:RURPs
1790:crags
1777:Bolts
1766:Piton
1750:with
1720:Fixed
1702:Hexes
1665:Hexes
1420:]
1307:Petzl
1152:Petzl
1038:Cords
950:nylon
922:Ropes
789:bolts
747:chalk
675:hexes
651:knots
604:bolts
588:ropes
586:adds
518:Pitch
513:Guide
503:Route
498:Grade
393:Slide
353:Grass
348:Crane
272:Mixed
212:Sport
200:Speed
121:Knots
90:Lists
5409:CAMP
5199:Topo
5169:Beta
5097:Self
4894:Revo
4884:SLDs
4823:Fifi
4779:Cord
4752:Bolt
4693:Rock
4561:Tree
4536:Pole
4415:Slab
4410:Roof
4405:Face
4362:Solo
4345:Free
4193:ISBN
4163:ISBN
4139:ISBN
4119:2023
4087:2024
4054:2024
4024:2023
3961:2022
3924:ISBN
3903:2023
3870:2023
3837:2024
3801:2018
3767:2024
3736:2023
3694:ISBN
3665:ISBN
3634:2024
3598:2024
3570:2024
3542:2023
3509:2023
3481:2023
3448:2023
3415:2023
3382:2023
3349:2023
3316:2023
3283:2023
3255:2023
3224:2023
3191:2023
3158:2023
3127:2023
3093:ISBN
3064:2024
3022:2023
2983:ISBN
2957:2023
2924:2023
2891:2023
2857:ISBN
2822:2023
2789:2023
2752:ISBN
2711:2023
2673:2023
2640:2023
2607:2023
2565:ISBN
2526:2023
2490:2023
2453:2023
2413:ISBN
2364:2023
2105:are
1940:and
1748:Bolt
1706:cord
1679:Nuts
1669:cord
1650:Nuts
1605:cams
1599:", "
1527:rack
1523:gear
1491:Revo
1471:Revo
1328:Revo
1317:GiGi
1278:cord
1056:cord
865:and
861:for
853:and
745:and
714:UIAA
708:and
671:nuts
508:Beta
491:FFFA
398:Tree
388:Rope
368:Pole
224:Solo
207:Free
34:and
5529:REI
5524:Rab
4857:Nut
4850:PAC
4840:Hex
4466:Ice
4304:Aid
4227:REI
4217:REI
1519:pro
1312:).
1224:in
964:).
681:).
634:).
614:.
582:.
486:FFA
301:Ice
166:Aid
5756::
4235:,
4225:,
4215:,
4191:.
4179:;
4137:.
4109:.
4077:.
4071:.
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3893:.
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2206:A
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1807:,
1521:,
1430:.
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1334:.
1084:mm
1079:mm
989:mm
981:mm
969:mm
688:,
606:.
594:,
590:,
574:,
69:on
4266:e
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