133:
107:
411:. In this form, the medial furrow is discontinuous and each section is set at an angle, such that the series of medial imprints have a shingled appearance, as might result if the female were displacing her tail to minimize its interference with external fertilization. A second set of medial imprints observed in Form 1 is postulated to have been produced by the tail region of the male of the pair.
278:. It consists of two rows of tracks and a medial furrow between the two rows. This furrow, which may be broken, set at an angle, and of varying width and depth, is thought to be the result of the tail region contacting the substrate.
386:
have been suggested as well; however, no aglaspidids or trilobites have been found thus far in the strata that contain this ichnogenus. Similar trackways are present in post-Cambrian strata; however, those are seldom referred to as
423:
may have been produced by distressed individuals attempting to return to a body of water after being stranded during high tide, which was more extensive than today due to the moon being closer to Earth in
Cambrian times.
321:
Owen first thought that these trackways were made by tortoises, but new material convinced him that “articulates” (a group that included the arthropods) were responsible. He further suggested a kinship with
309:. He was correct in recognizing that these were the oldest known footprints on land, having been produced in intertidal and supratidal environments during what would now be called Cambrian times.
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for the next 150 years without a single fossil of the maker of these traces. Finally, body fossils of potential makers were found in two of the same quarries that preserved
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808:
649:
602:
999:
751:
Hoxie, C. T. (2005). "Late
Cambrian arthropod trackways in subaerially exposed environments: Incentives to simplify a problematic ichnogenus".
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trackways could both be produced by the same individual animal. In cases where the feet penetrate the sediment more deeply than does the tail,
886:
N. E. Vaccari, G. D. Edgecombe & C. Escudero (2004). "Cambrian origins and affinities of an enigmatic fossil group of arthropods".
657:
Collette, J. H.; J. W. Hagadorn (2010). "Three-dimensionally preserved arthropods from
Cambrian Lagerstatten of Quebec and Wisconsin".
567:
Braddy, S. J. & Gass, K.C. (2022). "Fossils of
Blackberry Hill, Wisconsin, USA: the first animals on land, 500 million years ago".
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614:
unshelled? Experimental model-based neoichnology and new evidence for a euthycarcinoid affinity for this ichnospecies".
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1045:
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C. T. Hoxie; J. W. Hagadorn (2005). "Late
Cambrian arthropod trackways in subaerially exposed environments".
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132:
127:
818:"Description of the impressions on the Potsdam sandstone, discovered by Mr. Logan in Lower Canada"
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Goldring, R.; A. Seilacher (1971). "Limulid undertracks and their sedimentological implications".
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Ortega-Hernandez, J., Tremewan, J., & Braddy, S. J. (2010). "Euthycarcinoids".
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Hagadorn, J. W.; A. Seilacher (2009). "Hermit arthropods 500 million years ago?".
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64:
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Geological
Society of America Abstracts with Programs, Northeastern Section
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Hesselbo, S. P. (1989). "Trace fossils of
Cambrian aglaspidid arthropods".
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Form 1, may have been produced by an ambulating pair of individuals, as in
287:
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328:, the modern horseshoe crab. Additional material was collected in Quebec,
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379:
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352:, Wisconsin, and the Potsdam Group of Melocheville, Quebec. The animals,
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It is possible that other extinct arthropods, such as members of the
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consisting of the imprints made by the walking activity of certain
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Differing only in the presence or absence of a medial furrow,
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Neues
Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen
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Collette, J. H., K. C. Gass & J. W. Hagadorn (2012). "
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851:"Description of the impressions and footprints of the
367:, extinct arthropods that may have given rise to the
419:-like behavior. It has also been suggested that some
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382:, may also have produced some of these trackways.
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298:on trackways that were shipped to him from the
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859:Geological Society of London Quarterly Journal
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371:. Fossils that clearly tie euthycarcinoids to
807:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
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375:were then found at Blackberry Hill.
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453:is being produced on the surface.
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871:10.1144/GSL.JGS.1852.008.01-02.26
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348:from the Elk Mound Group of
282:The first footprints on land
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496:Collette and Hagadorn, 2010
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361:Mictomerus melochevillensis
252:Protichnites septem-notatus
128:Trace fossil classification
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659:Journal of Paleontology
616:Journal of Paleontology
204:Protichnites alternans
1013:Paleobiology Database
535:Braddy and Gass, 2022
517:Collette et al., 2012
228:Protichnites lineatus
118:from the Cambrian of
612:Protichnites eremita
413:Protichnites eremita
212:Protichnites eremita
1041:Cambrian arthropods
910:10.1038/nature02705
902:2004Natur.430..554V
713:2009Geo....37..295H
428:Relationship with
220:Protichnites latus
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955:Taxon identifiers
896:(6999): 554–557.
849:Owen, R. (1852).
816:Owen, R. (1851).
721:10.1130/G25181A.1
581:10.1111/gto.12379
303:Potsdam Sandstone
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116:Protichnites
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25:Protichnites
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16:Trace fossil
553:Hoxie, 2005
417:hermit crab
380:Aglaspidida
1035:Categories
944:trackways.
694:: 422–442.
484:Owen, 1851
472:Owen, 1852
457:References
421:P. eremita
405:P. eremita
384:Trilobites
292:Dinosauria
276:arthropods
268:ichnogenus
187:Owen, 1852
165:Arthropoda
879:130712914
842:140674536
795:247664753
679:130064618
636:129234373
589:246604495
338:Wisconsin
294:”, based
167: (?)
151:Kingdom:
145:Eukaryota
978:Q7251819
972:Wikidata
918:15282604
409:amplexus
395:Behavior
355:Mosineia
342:Missouri
334:New York
300:Cambrian
161:Phylum:
155:Animalia
141:Domain:
1005:1392659
992:4585238
926:4419235
898:Bibcode
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731:Lethaia
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701:Geology
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330:Ontario
325:Limulus
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317:makers
307:Quebec
266:is an
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