511:
821:
38:
848:'s (among other manufacturers) locomotive model. Technically, any non-living object can serve as a prototype for a model, including structures, equipment, and appliances, and so on, but generally prototypes have come to mean full-size real-world vehicles including automobiles (the prototype 1957 Chevy has spawned many models), military equipment (such as M4 Shermans, a favorite among US Military modelers), railroad equipment, motor trucks, motorcycles, and space-ships (real-world such as Apollo/Saturn Vs, or the ISS). As of 2014, basic rapid prototype machines (such as
1080:
503:
46:
319:: Mass-production processes are often unsuitable for making a small number of parts, so prototypes may be made using different fabrication processes than the final product. For example, a final product that will be made by plastic injection molding will require expensive custom tooling, so a prototype for this product may be fabricated by machining or stereolithography instead. Differences in fabrication process may lead to differences in the appearance of the prototype as compared to the final product.
793:: this prototype may not be engineered or look and feel like a finished product, but the purpose of this type of prototype is to investigate and evaluation a user need, or what the prototype could do for the user. They can present features and functionality that the user might benefit from, to demonstrate what role an artifact like the prototype might fulfill for the user. A famous example of this kind of prototype would be the block of wood carried by
246:
343:
325:: The final product may be subject to a number of quality assurance tests to verify conformance with drawings or specifications. These tests may involve custom inspection fixtures, statistical sampling methods, and other techniques appropriate for ongoing production of a large quantity of the final product. Prototypes are generally made with much closer individual inspection and the assumption that some adjustment or
313:: The materials that will be used in a final product may be expensive or difficult to fabricate, so prototypes may be made from different materials than the final product. In some cases, the final production materials may still be undergoing development themselves and not yet available for use in a prototype.
571:
than to produce these other kinds of prototype boards. The proliferation of quick-turn PCB fabrication and assembly companies has enabled the concepts of rapid prototyping to be applied to electronic circuit design. It is now possible, even with the smallest passive components and largest fine-pitch
367:
Prototypes represent some compromise from the final production design. This is due to the skill and choices of the designer(s), and the inevitable inherent limitations of a prototype. Due to differences in materials, processes and design fidelity, it is possible that a prototype may fail to perform
810:
this prototype may use cut paper, cardboard, or other inexpensive materials to demonstrate an interface. The purpose of this prototype is to test with users, without having to use a digital tool or develop a program to test functionality. Recently, paper prototyping has fallen out of favor within
391:
techniques are used for the initial prototypes, which implement part, but not all, of the complete design. This allows designers and manufacturers to rapidly and inexpensively test the parts of the design that are most likely to have problems, solve those problems, and then build the full design.
333:
Engineers and prototype specialists attempt to minimize the impact of these differences on the intended role for the prototype. For example, if a visual prototype is not able to use the same materials as the final product, they will attempt to substitute materials with properties that closely
602:
Often the end users may not be able to provide a complete set of application objectives, detailed input, processing, or output requirements in the initial stage. After the user evaluation, another prototype will be built based on feedback from users, and again the cycle returns to customer
166:, "impression" (originally in the sense of a mark left by a blow, then by a stamp struck by a die (note "typewriter"); by implication a scar or mark; by analogy a shape i.e. a statue, (figuratively) style, or resemblance; a model for imitation or illustrative example—note "typical").
595:, meaning it is the first version to run. Often only a few functions are implemented, the primary focus of the alpha is to have a functional base code on to which features may be added. Once alpha grade software has most of the required features integrated into it, it becomes
783:. This is a prototyping method with which the computer-side of the interaction is faked by an offsite or hidden human. This prototyping technique is particularly useful for demonstrating functionality that is difficult or lengthy to engineer, such as applications like
745:
To achieve this, a data architect uses a graphical interface to interactively develop and execute transformation and cleansing rules using raw data. The resultant data is then evaluated and the rules refined. Beyond the obvious visual checking of the data
85:. A prototype is generally used to evaluate a new design to enhance precision by system analysts and users. Prototyping serves to provide specifications for a real, working system rather than a theoretical one. Physical prototyping has a long history, and
1742:
Tuch, Alexandre N.; Presslaber, Eva E.; Stöcklin, Markus; Opwis, Klaus; Bargas-Avila, Javier A. (2012-11-01). "The role of visual complexity and prototypicality regarding first impression of websites: Working towards understanding aesthetic judgments".
382:
Building the full design is often expensive and can be time-consuming, especially when repeated several times—building the full design, figuring out what the problems are and how to solve them, then building another full design. As an alternative,
418:
With recent advances in computer modeling it is becoming practical to eliminate the creation of a physical prototype (except possibly at greatly reduced scales for promotional purposes), instead modeling all aspects of the final product as a
371:
In general, it can be expected that individual prototype costs will be substantially greater than the final production costs due to inefficiencies in materials and processes. Prototypes are also used to revise the design for the purposes of
883:
Architects prototype to test ideas structurally, aesthetically and technically. Whether the prototype works or not is not the primary focus: architectural prototyping is the revelatory process through which the architect gains insight.
762:
When developing software or digital tools that humans interact with, a prototype is an artifact that is used to ask and answer a design question. Prototypes provide the means for examining design problems and evaluating solutions.
955:. Copies of this prototype are fashioned and issued to many nations to represent the national standard of the kilogram and are periodically compared to the Paris prototype. Now the kilogram is redefined in such a way that the
443:
The most common use of the word prototype is a functional, although experimental, version of a non-military machine (e.g., automobiles, domestic appliances, consumer electronics) whose designers would like to have built by
567:
A technician can quickly build a prototype (and make additions and modifications) using these techniques, but for volume production it is much faster and usually cheaper to mass-produce custom
565:. The developer can choose to deploy their invention as-is using the prototyping platform, or replace it with only the microcontroller chip and the circuitry that is relevant to their product.
1996:
427:, in which the first full sized physical realization is made on the series production line. Computer modeling is now being extensively used in automotive design, both for form (in the
227:
is a printed or hand-drawn representation of the user interface of a software product. Such prototypes are commonly used for early testing of a software design, and can be part of a
200:
is a preliminary type of visual prototype in which the geometric features of a design are emphasized, with less concern for color, texture, or other aspects of the final appearance.
415:
is a platform and prototype development environment for rigorous experimentation and testing of new technologies, components, scientific theories and computational tools.
368:
acceptably although the production design may have been sound. Conversely, prototypes may perform acceptably but the production design and outcome may prove unsuccessful.
695:
The concept of prototypicality is used to describe how much a website deviates from the expected norm, and leads to a lowering of user preference for that site's design.
2899:
1162:
379:
It is possible to use prototype testing to reduce the risk that a design may not perform as intended, however prototypes generally cannot eliminate all risk.
723:
or application implementation project and the raw materials used as input are an instance of all the relevant data which exists at the start of the project.
218:
captures both function and appearance of the intended design, though it may be created with different techniques and even different scale from final design.
1452:
534:
to verify that it works, and to provide a physical platform for debugging it if it does not. The prototype is often constructed using techniques such as
364:
Engineers and prototyping specialists seek to understand the limitations of prototypes to exactly simulate the characteristics of their intended design.
692:
Continuous learning approaches within organizations or businesses may also use the concept of business or process prototypes through software models.
116:'. This is a useful term in identifying objects, behaviours and concepts which are considered the accepted norm and is analogous with terms such as
557:
exist to document electronic prototypes (especially the breadboard-based ones) and move toward physical production. Prototyping platforms such as
510:
2000:
3580:
2082:
69:
is an early sample, model, or release of a product built to test a concept or process. It is a term used in a variety of contexts, including
2098:
811:
certain design circles, particularly because the low-fidelity nature of this method and the lack of effectiveness when testing with users.
182:
serves to verify some key functional aspects of the intended design, but usually does not have all the functionality of the final product.
933:
329:
will be part of the fabrication process. Prototypes may also be exempted from some requirements that will apply to the final product.
3649:
599:
for testing of the entire software and to adjust the program to respond correctly during situations unforeseen during development.
550:, with the result being a circuit that is electrically identical to the design but not physically identical to the final product.
925:
603:
evaluation. The cycle starts by listening to the user, followed by building or revising a mock-up, and letting the user test the
408:
and demonstration model for a new technology or future product, proving its viability and illustrating conceivable applications.
982:
was defined by a platinum-iridium prototype bar with two marks on it (that were, by definition, spaced apart by one meter), the
3654:
1869:
1819:
1202:
1506:
Gschwind, M.; Salapura, V.; Maurer, D. (April 2001). "FPGA prototyping of a RISC processor core for embedded applications".
2435:
983:
2105:. CollinsDictionary.com. Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 11th Edition. Retrieved December 07, 2012.
1426:
1718:
3598:
2393:
474:" almost identical to the production PCB, as PCB manufacturing prices fall and as many components are not available in
3608:
2066:
1806:. Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. Vol. 324. Springer International Publishing. pp. 1–20.
1621:
1552:
1436:
1115:
293:
1637:
275:
3839:
3458:
2132:
1838:
Houde, Stephanie; Hill, Charles (1997-01-01), Helander, Marting G.; Landauer, Thomas K.; Prabhu, Prasad V. (eds.),
1170:
608:
1613:
Practical AVR Microcontrollers: Games, Gadgets, and Home
Automation with the Microcontroller Used in the Arduino
754:
software and then to insert the resultant data into a test version of the target application and trial its use.
306:
In general, the creation of prototypes will differ from creation of the final product in some fundamental ways:
93:
now extensively complement it. In some design workflow models, creating a prototype (a process sometimes called
3603:
2961:
1898:
679:
640:
271:
1460:
3674:
3227:
2750:
2327:
2317:
1057:
913:
840:, military modeling, etc.), a prototype is the real-world basis or source for a scale model—such as the real
388:
1353:
1243:
741:
A dataset which is the result of those rules being applied to an instance of the relevant raw (source) data.
4021:
3480:
3463:
3185:
3025:
2460:
2376:
2349:
1972:
778:
2777:
2339:
1839:
672:
668:
3972:
908:
to base all measurement of that physical quantity against. Sometimes this standard object is called an
452:, which is an inert representation of a machine's appearance, often made of some non-durable substance.
4016:
3844:
3706:
3618:
2988:
2527:
1661:
267:
31:
17:
1218:
3801:
3470:
3085:
3080:
3010:
2755:
2740:
2551:
2467:
837:
531:
1852:
3806:
3563:
3475:
3237:
2951:
2924:
2854:
2715:
2571:
2482:
2356:
774:
648:
479:
256:
3958:
3771:
3736:
3664:
3623:
3575:
3433:
3252:
3210:
3175:
3155:
2919:
2095:
1132:
1014:
refers to a disease, species, etc. which sets a good example for the whole category. In biology,
921:
495:
401:
260:
3986:
3291:
3160:
3125:
2576:
2477:
2450:
2388:
1847:
1329:
1286:
1047:
1018:
is the ancestral or primitive form of a species or other group; an archetype. For example, the
929:
820:
586:
485:
Builders of military machines and aviation prefer the terms "experimental" and "service test".
1544:
Designing for
Networked Communications: Strategies and Development: Strategies and Development
1192:
3756:
3639:
3453:
3259:
3232:
3222:
3190:
3180:
3145:
3060:
3005:
3000:
2983:
2929:
2767:
2720:
2581:
2445:
2366:
2222:
1377:
568:
471:
424:
1482:
1401:
37:
3926:
3781:
3741:
3495:
3448:
3269:
3217:
3140:
3130:
3030:
2993:
2973:
2904:
2894:
2302:
2292:
2249:
2227:
2182:
2125:
1686:
1301:
784:
630:
582:
475:
326:
228:
98:
82:
1802:
Abedjan, Ziawasch (2018). "An
Introduction to Data Profiling". In Zimányi, Esteban (ed.).
852:) cost about $ 2,000, but larger and more precise machines can cost as much as $ 500,000.
8:
4026:
3721:
3644:
3553:
3438:
3286:
3264:
3170:
3150:
3015:
2874:
2859:
2772:
2539:
2492:
2273:
1287:"Valuing the option to prototype: A case study with Generation Integrated Energy Storage"
865:
614:
207:
represents enough of the appearance and function of the product that it can be used for
196:
represents the size and appearance, but not the functionality, of the intended design. A
90:
1305:
647:
or function (and should not be confused with software prototyping). This term is rather
3834:
3786:
3761:
3200:
3035:
3020:
2879:
2695:
2566:
2512:
2244:
2076:
1953:
1875:
1768:
635:
675:), new objects are produced by cloning existing objects, which are called prototypes.
502:
3941:
3911:
3716:
3669:
3525:
3515:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3296:
3135:
3120:
3075:
3065:
3050:
3045:
2978:
2914:
2909:
2812:
2647:
2544:
2522:
2472:
2430:
2420:
2334:
2212:
2152:
2062:
1945:
1865:
1861:
1815:
1760:
1694:
1617:
1548:
1523:
1432:
1198:
1144:
1111:
1052:
905:
805:
686:
515:
470:
However, more and more often the first functional prototype is built on a "prototype
428:
384:
86:
1879:
572:
packages, to have boards fabricated, assembled, and even tested in a matter of days.
231:
to confirm design decisions before more costly levels of design effort are expended.
3916:
3881:
3856:
3569:
3543:
3505:
3311:
3247:
3195:
3100:
3090:
3070:
2956:
2946:
2864:
2817:
2787:
2762:
2730:
2690:
2630:
2561:
2400:
1957:
1935:
1857:
1807:
1772:
1752:
1515:
1309:
720:
618:
405:
112:
can also mean a typical example of something such as in the use of the derivation '
1585:
1428:
Handbook of
Advanced Ceramics: Materials, Applications, Processing, and Properties
750:
by the data architect, the usual evaluation and validation approaches are to use
3906:
3886:
3866:
3861:
3851:
3746:
3381:
3371:
3356:
3316:
3281:
3274:
3205:
3165:
2934:
2807:
2797:
2705:
2662:
2642:
2371:
2322:
2118:
2102:
1786:
1611:
1569:
1542:
1314:
956:
562:
445:
432:
223:
50:
45:
1811:
1756:
3931:
3876:
3829:
3811:
3613:
3361:
3351:
3346:
3321:
3115:
3095:
2968:
2939:
2889:
2822:
2792:
2782:
2745:
2667:
2625:
2620:
2502:
2497:
2487:
2405:
2383:
2217:
2207:
1019:
991:
833:
751:
716:
420:
373:
134:
3993:
129:
4010:
3936:
3921:
3901:
3824:
3726:
3558:
3548:
3376:
3366:
3341:
3306:
2869:
2802:
2725:
2700:
2652:
2637:
2344:
2264:
1949:
1764:
1698:
1527:
1148:
1042:
208:
3979:
3965:
3819:
3796:
3766:
3751:
3040:
2657:
2598:
2410:
2361:
2312:
2287:
2239:
2232:
861:
794:
357:
1940:
1923:
1788:
Introduction to
Engineering: Engineering Fundamentals and Concepts: E-Book
235:
3896:
3891:
3871:
3791:
3711:
3520:
3425:
2735:
2710:
2682:
2611:
2556:
2534:
2282:
2259:
2254:
2197:
2192:
1219:"prototypical (adjective) definition and synonyms | Macmillan Dictionary"
1037:
901:
869:
849:
829:
527:
523:
78:
2037:
3510:
3105:
2884:
2606:
2586:
2440:
2278:
1024:
987:
948:
873:
841:
824:
A scale model of an
Douglas SB2D Destroyer in a wind tunnel for testing
644:
592:
543:
539:
460:
456:
189:
represents all or nearly all of the functionality of the final product.
117:
102:
1519:
3776:
3485:
3443:
3055:
2615:
2455:
893:
798:
596:
547:
535:
464:
351:
121:
70:
937:
766:
HCI practitioners can employ several different types of prototypes:
245:
3110:
2157:
952:
554:
342:
1261:
611:
which help quickly simulate application before their development.
3731:
3659:
3399:
2269:
1662:"Baseblock Software LLC, Software for the Motor Control Industry"
1190:
1133:"Design Prototypes: A Knowledge Representation Schema for Design"
845:
734:
A set of data cleansing and transformation rules which have been
621:
to gradually add one feature at a time to the initial prototype.
604:
558:
431:
of the vehicle) and in function—especially for improving vehicle
412:
1508:
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale
Integration (VLSI) Systems
337:
3490:
2141:
995:
940:
449:
347:
74:
455:
An electronics designer often builds the first prototype from
2202:
1487:
Brown
University - User Experience, Independent Study Project
979:
944:
757:
652:
561:
also simplify the task of programming and interacting with a
174:
Prototypes explore different aspects of an intended design:
58:
986:, and in 1983 the meter was redefined to be the distance in
576:
3242:
1741:
715:
prototype. The justification for its creation is usually a
607:, then back. There is now a new generation of tools called
54:
2110:
1002:
the speed of light to be 299,792,458 meters per second).
354:
438:
27:
Early sample or model built to test a concept or process
1844:
Handbook of Human-Computer
Interaction (Second Edition)
900:
is a human-made object that is used as the standard of
624:
236:
Differences in creating a prototype vs. a final product
1505:
1191:
Marcelo M. Soares; Francesco Rebelo (15 August 2012).
880:
open source material prototyping centre in
Australia.
2021:"Open source architecture lab launched in Tasmania".
1568:
Willcox, Cornélis De Witt; Stuart, Edwin Roy (1918).
924:. Before that date, the last prototype used was the
506:
A simple electronic circuit prototype on a breadboard
1285:
Lai, Chun Sing; Locatelli, Giorgio (February 2021).
153:
142:
936:(International Bureau of Weights and Measures) in
530:means building an actual circuit to a theoretical
423:. An example of such a development can be seen in
4008:
1833:
1831:
1745:International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
1184:
1846:, Amsterdam: North-Holland, pp. 367–381,
1078:
1010:In many sciences, from pathology to taxonomy,
2126:
1828:
1567:
1431:(2nd ed.). Academic Press. p. 491.
738:to produce data which is all fit for purpose.
338:Characteristics and limitations of prototypes
1840:"Chapter 16 - What do Prototypes Prototype?"
1284:
1022:is regarded as the prototypes of its genus,
435:and in weight reduction to improve mileage.
655:-specific; other terms for this notion are
591:Prototype software is often referred to as
274:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
148:
137:
2133:
2119:
2081:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1079:Blackwell, A. H.; Manar, E., eds. (2015).
758:Prototyping for Human-Computer Interaction
1939:
1851:
1837:
1609:
1313:
934:Bureau International des Poids et Mesures
577:Computer programming and computer science
514:Example of prototype in optoelectronics (
482:packages optimized for placing on a PCB.
294:Learn how and when to remove this message
3650:Good Design Award (Museum of Modern Art)
819:
685:Additionally, the term may refer to the
509:
501:
341:
44:
36:
1801:
1110:(first ed.). Osprey. p. 216.
926:international prototype of the kilogram
920:), there remains no prototype standard
395:
334:simulate the intended final materials.
14:
4009:
1973:"Paper prototyping is a waste of time"
1921:
1684:
1424:
872:) or as part of aesthetic or material
3695:
3655:Good Design Award (Chicago Athenaeum)
3398:
2843:
2170:
2114:
2056:
1970:
1540:
1105:
844:locomotive—which is the prototype of
439:Mechanical and electrical engineering
376:through optimization and refinement.
158:, "original, primitive", from πρῶτος
1358:product-design-prototype-experts.com
1130:
1074:
1072:
984:international prototype of the metre
625:Other programming/computing concepts
272:adding citations to reliable sources
239:
1005:
698:
41:A sign explaining prototype signage
24:
3696:
3599:American Institute of Graphic Arts
1804:Business Intelligence and Big Data
1687:"Building a Learning Organization"
1241:
467:, typically using "DIP" packages.
25:
4038:
3609:Design and Industries Association
1903:The Interaction Design Foundation
1069:
962:is prescribed a value of exactly
815:
411:In large development projects, a
2038:"Forty Wall House – 40walls.org"
1862:10.1016/b978-044481862-1.50082-0
1791:. Türker Canbazoğlu. 2018-12-11.
1574:. Cumulative digest corporation.
1453:"Prototypes: General Categories"
1194:Advances in Usability Evaluation
494:This section is an excerpt from
478:packages, but only available in
244:
2171:
2089:
2050:
2035:
2029:
2014:
1989:
1964:
1915:
1891:
1795:
1779:
1735:
1711:
1685:Garvin, David A. (1993-07-01).
1678:
1654:
1630:
1603:
1578:
1561:
1534:
1499:
1475:
1445:
1425:Somiya, Shigeyuki, ed. (2013).
1418:
1394:
1370:
1346:
1322:
892:In the science and practice of
864:, prototyping refers to either
855:
678:The term may also refer to the
609:Application Simulation Software
147:, "primitive form", neutral of
3604:Chartered Society of Designers
2844:
1997:"Council on Foreign Relations"
1924:"Prototyping for tiny fingers"
1610:Trevennor, Alan (2012-10-17).
1541:Simon, Heilesen (2007-01-31).
1330:"Proof-of-Principle Prototype"
1278:
1254:
1235:
1211:
1155:
1124:
1099:
680:Prototype Javascript Framework
518:, DLP Cinema Prototype System)
488:
13:
1:
3675:Prince Philip Designers Prize
2318:Architectural lighting design
1693:. No. July–August 1993.
1571:International Military Digest
1354:"What Is A Working Prototype"
1063:
1058:Test article (disambiguation)
914:International System of Units
389:rapid application development
3481:Electronic design automation
3464:Virtual home design software
2436:Automotive suspension design
1378:"What Is A Visual Prototype"
1315:10.1016/j.energy.2020.119290
1131:Gero, John S. (1990-12-15).
951:was the mass of exactly one
887:
180:proof-of-principle prototype
7:
2340:Environmental impact design
1922:Rettig, Marc (April 1994).
1812:10.1007/978-3-319-96655-7_1
1757:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2012.06.003
1402:"User Experience Prototype"
1248:Online Etymology Dictionary
1223:www.macmillandictionary.com
1085:UXL Encyclopedia of Science
1031:
673:object-oriented programming
669:prototype-based programming
154:
143:
61:-fastness, durability, etc.
10:
4043:
3619:International Forum Design
2989:Engineering design process
2140:
2059:Prototyping for Architects
1971:Knapp, Jake (2016-01-06).
1638:"Alpha Version Definition"
1197:. CRC Press. p. 482.
974:10 joule-second (J⋅s)
866:architectural model making
580:
493:
404:is a prototype serving as
400:In technology research, a
97:) is the step between the
32:Prototype (disambiguation)
29:
3954:
3702:
3691:
3632:
3591:
3534:
3424:
3420:
3394:
2850:
2839:
2741:Integrated circuit design
2676:
2663:Stage/set lighting design
2595:
2552:Hardware interface design
2511:
2468:Hardware interface design
2419:
2301:
2181:
2177:
2166:
2148:
1928:Communications of the ACM
1899:"Wizard of Oz Prototypes"
1719:"5.5 Function Prototypes"
771:"Wizard of Oz" prototype:
205:user experience prototype
149:
138:
49:Prototype signage on the
3576:Industrial design rights
3564:Fashion design copyright
3476:Design quality indicator
2925:Creative problem-solving
2716:Electrical system design
2572:Sonic interaction design
2483:Photographic lens design
2357:Healthy community design
1547:. Idea Group Inc (IGI).
1163:"Prototyping Definition"
1108:A Dictionary of Aviation
1106:Wragg, David W. (1973).
429:styling and aerodynamics
169:
3772:New product development
3737:Enterprise architecture
3665:IF Product Design Award
3624:Design Research Society
3176:Reliability engineering
1691:Harvard Business Review
553:Open-source tools like
496:Electronics prototyping
448:means, as opposed to a
402:technology demonstrator
3228:Top-down and bottom-up
2577:User experience design
2478:Packaging and labeling
2451:Electric guitar design
2389:Landscape architecture
1406:3d-printing-expert.com
1382:3d-printing-expert.com
1334:3d-printing-expert.com
1266:strongsconcordance.org
1262:"Strong's Concordance"
1048:Minimum viable product
994:in 1/299,792,458 of a
825:
797:, when developing the
587:Software release cycle
569:printed circuit boards
519:
507:
361:
62:
42:
3757:Innovation management
3640:European Design Award
3406:Intellectual property
3223:Theory of constraints
3186:Responsibility-driven
3026:For manufacturability
2930:Creativity techniques
2768:Nuclear weapon design
2582:User interface design
2446:Corrugated box design
2367:Interior architecture
1941:10.1145/175276.175288
1586:"PCB Rapid Prototype"
932:cylinder kept at the
823:
631:programming languages
513:
505:
425:Boeing 787 Dreamliner
360:designed in the 1980s
345:
48:
40:
3802:Unintelligent design
3782:Philosophy of design
3496:Design specification
3449:Comprehensive layout
3021:For behaviour change
2994:Probabilistic design
2756:Power network design
2293:Visual merchandising
2250:Instructional design
2228:Postage stamp design
2057:Burry, Mark (2017).
836:, vehicle modeling,
785:voice user interface
583:Software prototyping
396:Engineering sciences
268:improve this section
229:software walkthrough
216:functional prototype
198:form study prototype
162:, "first" and τύπος
83:software programming
30:For other uses, see
4022:Product development
3722:Creative industries
3645:German Design Award
3554:Design infringement
3439:Architectural model
2778:Organization design
2773:Nucleic acid design
2721:Experimental design
2274:Traffic sign design
1306:2021Ene...21719290L
615:Extreme programming
346:A prototype of the
91:virtual prototyping
3787:Process simulation
3762:Intelligent design
3086:Intelligence-based
3081:Integrated topside
3011:Framework-oriented
2696:Behavioural design
2567:Information design
2245:Information design
2101:2013-01-21 at the
1463:on 16 January 2017
922:since May 20, 2019
826:
726:The objectives of
636:function prototype
520:
508:
362:
63:
43:
4017:Industrial design
4004:
4003:
3950:
3949:
3717:Conceptual design
3687:
3686:
3683:
3682:
3670:James Dyson Award
3526:Website wireframe
3516:Technical drawing
3390:
3389:
3238:Transgenerational
2979:Ecological design
2855:Activity-centered
2835:
2834:
2831:
2830:
2813:Spacecraft design
2607:Public art design
2545:Video game design
2523:Experience design
2493:Production design
2473:Motorcycle design
2431:Automotive design
2335:Ecological design
2213:Film title design
2023:Architecture News
1871:978-0-444-81862-1
1821:978-3-319-96655-7
1666:www.baseblock.com
1520:10.1109/92.924027
1242:Harper, Douglas.
1204:978-1-4398-7025-9
1053:Rapid prototyping
906:physical quantity
838:airplane modeling
834:model railroading
730:are to produce:
516:Texas Instruments
385:rapid prototyping
304:
303:
296:
187:working prototype
133:derives from the
87:paper prototyping
16:(Redirected from
4034:
3996:
3989:
3982:
3975:
3968:
3961:
3693:
3692:
3570:Geschmacksmuster
3544:Community design
3422:
3421:
3396:
3395:
3156:Process-centered
2952:Design–bid–build
2920:Cradle-to-cradle
2900:Concept-oriented
2841:
2840:
2818:Strategic design
2788:Processor design
2763:Mechanism design
2731:Geometric design
2691:Algorithm design
2631:Jewellery design
2562:Immersive design
2456:Furniture design
2401:Landscape design
2179:
2178:
2168:
2167:
2135:
2128:
2121:
2112:
2111:
2106:
2093:
2087:
2086:
2080:
2072:
2054:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2044:
2033:
2027:
2026:
2018:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2008:
1999:. Archived from
1993:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1983:
1968:
1962:
1961:
1943:
1919:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1909:
1895:
1889:
1888:
1887:
1886:
1855:
1835:
1826:
1825:
1799:
1793:
1792:
1783:
1777:
1776:
1739:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1729:
1715:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1705:
1682:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1672:
1658:
1652:
1651:
1649:
1648:
1634:
1628:
1627:
1607:
1601:
1600:
1598:
1597:
1582:
1576:
1575:
1565:
1559:
1558:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1503:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1493:
1479:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1459:. Archived from
1449:
1443:
1442:
1422:
1416:
1415:
1413:
1412:
1398:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1388:
1374:
1368:
1367:
1365:
1364:
1350:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1340:
1326:
1320:
1319:
1317:
1291:
1282:
1276:
1275:
1273:
1272:
1258:
1252:
1251:
1244:"prototype (n.)"
1239:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1229:
1215:
1209:
1208:
1188:
1182:
1181:
1179:
1178:
1169:. Archived from
1159:
1153:
1152:
1128:
1122:
1121:
1103:
1097:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1076:
1006:Natural sciences
978:Until 1960, the
975:
973:
970:
967:
961:
930:platinum-iridium
878:Forty Wall House
832:(which includes
828:In the field of
780:The Wizard of Oz
773:named after the
728:data prototyping
721:data integration
699:Data prototyping
689:design pattern.
619:iterative design
406:proof-of-concept
299:
292:
288:
285:
279:
248:
240:
194:visual prototype
157:
152:
151:
146:
141:
140:
21:
4042:
4041:
4037:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4032:
4031:
4007:
4006:
4005:
4000:
3994:
3987:
3980:
3973:
3966:
3959:
3946:
3747:Futures studies
3698:
3679:
3628:
3587:
3536:
3530:
3416:
3415:
3386:
3292:Value sensitive
3282:User innovation
3161:Public interest
3126:Object-oriented
2846:
2827:
2808:Software design
2798:Research design
2751:Physical design
2706:Database design
2680:
2678:
2672:
2648:Property design
2643:Game art design
2597:
2591:
2514:
2507:
2422:
2415:
2372:Interior design
2323:Building design
2304:
2297:
2184:
2173:
2162:
2144:
2139:
2109:
2103:Wayback Machine
2094:
2090:
2074:
2073:
2069:
2055:
2051:
2042:
2040:
2034:
2030:
2020:
2019:
2015:
2006:
2004:
1995:
1994:
1990:
1981:
1979:
1969:
1965:
1920:
1916:
1907:
1905:
1897:
1896:
1892:
1884:
1882:
1872:
1853:10.1.1.224.2119
1836:
1829:
1822:
1800:
1796:
1785:
1784:
1780:
1751:(11): 794–811.
1740:
1736:
1727:
1725:
1717:
1716:
1712:
1703:
1701:
1683:
1679:
1670:
1668:
1660:
1659:
1655:
1646:
1644:
1636:
1635:
1631:
1624:
1608:
1604:
1595:
1593:
1590:www.wellpcb.com
1584:
1583:
1579:
1566:
1562:
1555:
1539:
1535:
1504:
1500:
1491:
1489:
1481:
1480:
1476:
1466:
1464:
1451:
1450:
1446:
1439:
1423:
1419:
1410:
1408:
1400:
1399:
1395:
1386:
1384:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1362:
1360:
1352:
1351:
1347:
1338:
1336:
1328:
1327:
1323:
1289:
1283:
1279:
1270:
1268:
1260:
1259:
1255:
1240:
1236:
1227:
1225:
1217:
1216:
1212:
1205:
1189:
1185:
1176:
1174:
1161:
1160:
1156:
1129:
1125:
1118:
1104:
1100:
1090:
1088:
1077:
1070:
1066:
1034:
1008:
971:
968:
965:
963:
959:
957:Planck constant
890:
874:experimentation
870:scale modelling
858:
818:
806:paper prototype
760:
701:
627:
589:
581:Main articles:
579:
574:
573:
563:microcontroller
499:
491:
446:mass production
441:
433:crashworthiness
398:
340:
300:
289:
283:
280:
265:
249:
238:
224:paper prototype
172:
95:materialization
51:Boise Greenbelt
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4040:
4030:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4002:
4001:
3999:
3998:
3991:
3984:
3977:
3970:
3963:
3955:
3952:
3951:
3948:
3947:
3945:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3848:
3847:
3842:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3815:
3814:
3812:Wicked problem
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3703:
3700:
3699:
3697:Related topics
3689:
3688:
3685:
3684:
3681:
3680:
3678:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3636:
3634:
3630:
3629:
3627:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3614:Design Council
3611:
3606:
3601:
3595:
3593:
3589:
3588:
3586:
3585:
3584:
3583:
3581:European Union
3573:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3540:
3538:
3532:
3531:
3529:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3467:
3466:
3461:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3430:
3428:
3418:
3417:
3414:
3413:
3410:
3407:
3404:
3400:
3392:
3391:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3302:
3301:
3300:
3299:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3278:
3277:
3267:
3262:
3260:Usage-centered
3257:
3256:
3255:
3253:Design for All
3245:
3240:
3235:
3233:Transformation
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3214:
3213:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3181:Research-based
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3146:Platform-based
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3096:KISS principle
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3006:Fault-tolerant
3003:
3001:Error-tolerant
2998:
2997:
2996:
2986:
2984:Energy neutral
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2965:
2964:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2943:
2942:
2940:Design fiction
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2851:
2848:
2847:
2837:
2836:
2833:
2832:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2825:
2823:Systems design
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2793:Protein design
2790:
2785:
2783:Process design
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2759:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2746:Circuit design
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2687:
2685:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2670:
2668:Textile design
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2634:
2633:
2628:
2626:Costume design
2621:Fashion design
2618:
2609:
2603:
2601:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2548:
2547:
2542:
2532:
2531:
2530:
2519:
2517:
2509:
2508:
2506:
2505:
2503:Service design
2500:
2498:Sensory design
2495:
2490:
2488:Product design
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2464:
2463:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2427:
2425:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2413:
2408:
2406:Spatial design
2403:
2398:
2397:
2396:
2386:
2384:Keyline design
2381:
2380:
2379:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2353:
2352:
2350:Computer-aided
2342:
2337:
2332:
2331:
2330:
2320:
2315:
2309:
2307:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2276:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2236:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2218:Graphic design
2215:
2210:
2208:Exhibit design
2205:
2200:
2195:
2189:
2187:
2175:
2174:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2160:
2155:
2149:
2146:
2145:
2138:
2137:
2130:
2123:
2115:
2108:
2107:
2088:
2067:
2049:
2028:
2013:
1988:
1963:
1914:
1890:
1870:
1827:
1820:
1794:
1778:
1734:
1710:
1677:
1653:
1629:
1622:
1602:
1577:
1560:
1553:
1533:
1514:(2): 241–250.
1498:
1474:
1444:
1437:
1417:
1393:
1369:
1345:
1321:
1277:
1253:
1234:
1210:
1203:
1183:
1154:
1123:
1116:
1098:
1087:(3rd ed.)
1067:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1033:
1030:
1020:Senegal bichir
1007:
1004:
889:
886:
876:, such as the
857:
854:
830:scale modeling
817:
816:Scale modeling
814:
813:
812:
802:
791:role prototype
788:
759:
756:
752:Data profiling
743:
742:
739:
717:data migration
705:data prototype
700:
697:
626:
623:
578:
575:
500:
492:
490:
487:
440:
437:
421:computer model
397:
394:
374:reducing costs
339:
336:
331:
330:
320:
314:
302:
301:
252:
250:
243:
237:
234:
233:
232:
219:
212:
201:
190:
183:
171:
168:
53:, testing for
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4039:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4014:
4012:
3997:
3992:
3990:
3985:
3983:
3978:
3976:
3971:
3969:
3964:
3962:
3957:
3956:
3953:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3927:specification
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3840:architectural
3838:
3837:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3817:
3816:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3807:Visualization
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3727:Cultural icon
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3704:
3701:
3694:
3690:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3637:
3635:
3631:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3596:
3594:
3592:Organizations
3590:
3582:
3579:
3578:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3571:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3559:Design patent
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3549:Design around
3547:
3545:
3542:
3541:
3539:
3533:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3456:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3431:
3429:
3427:
3423:
3419:
3411:
3409:Organizations
3408:
3405:
3402:
3401:
3397:
3393:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3304:
3303:
3298:
3295:
3294:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3276:
3273:
3272:
3271:
3270:User-centered
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3254:
3251:
3250:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3218:Tableless web
3216:
3212:
3209:
3208:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3141:Participatory
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3031:For Six Sigma
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2995:
2992:
2991:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2974:Domain-driven
2972:
2970:
2967:
2963:
2962:architect-led
2960:
2959:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2941:
2938:
2937:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2905:Configuration
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2870:Brainstorming
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2852:
2849:
2842:
2838:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2803:Social design
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2743:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2726:Filter design
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2701:Boiler design
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2684:
2675:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2653:Scenic design
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2638:Floral design
2636:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2623:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2600:
2594:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2537:
2536:
2533:
2529:
2526:
2525:
2524:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2516:
2510:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2428:
2426:
2424:
2418:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2395:
2392:
2391:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2378:
2375:
2374:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2351:
2348:
2347:
2346:
2345:Garden design
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2329:
2328:Passive solar
2326:
2325:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2306:
2303:Environmental
2300:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2265:Retail design
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2220:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2183:Communication
2180:
2176:
2169:
2165:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2150:
2147:
2143:
2136:
2131:
2129:
2124:
2122:
2117:
2116:
2113:
2104:
2100:
2097:
2092:
2084:
2078:
2070:
2068:9780500292495
2064:
2060:
2053:
2039:
2032:
2024:
2017:
2003:on 2013-10-28
2002:
1998:
1992:
1978:
1974:
1967:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1918:
1904:
1900:
1894:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1834:
1832:
1823:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1798:
1790:
1789:
1782:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1738:
1724:
1720:
1714:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1681:
1667:
1663:
1657:
1643:
1639:
1633:
1625:
1623:9781430244462
1619:
1615:
1614:
1606:
1591:
1587:
1581:
1573:
1572:
1564:
1556:
1554:9781599040714
1550:
1546:
1545:
1537:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1502:
1488:
1484:
1483:"Prototyping"
1478:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1448:
1440:
1438:9780123854704
1434:
1430:
1429:
1421:
1407:
1403:
1397:
1383:
1379:
1373:
1359:
1355:
1349:
1335:
1331:
1325:
1316:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1288:
1281:
1267:
1263:
1257:
1249:
1245:
1238:
1224:
1220:
1214:
1206:
1200:
1196:
1195:
1187:
1173:on 2012-10-15
1172:
1168:
1164:
1158:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1127:
1119:
1117:9780850451634
1113:
1109:
1102:
1086:
1082:
1075:
1073:
1068:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1043:Clay modeling
1041:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1029:
1027:
1026:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1003:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
976:
958:
954:
950:
946:
943:(a suburb of
942:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
885:
881:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
853:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
822:
809:
807:
803:
800:
796:
792:
789:
786:
782:
781:
776:
772:
769:
768:
767:
764:
755:
753:
749:
740:
737:
733:
732:
731:
729:
724:
722:
718:
714:
710:
707:is a form of
706:
696:
693:
690:
688:
683:
681:
676:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
637:
632:
622:
620:
616:
612:
610:
606:
600:
598:
597:beta software
594:
588:
584:
570:
566:
564:
560:
556:
551:
549:
545:
541:
537:
536:wire wrapping
533:
529:
525:
517:
512:
504:
497:
486:
483:
481:
477:
473:
468:
466:
462:
458:
453:
451:
447:
436:
434:
430:
426:
422:
416:
414:
409:
407:
403:
393:
390:
386:
380:
377:
375:
369:
365:
359:
356:
353:
349:
344:
335:
328:
324:
321:
318:
315:
312:
309:
308:
307:
298:
295:
287:
277:
273:
269:
263:
262:
258:
253:This section
251:
247:
242:
241:
230:
226:
225:
220:
217:
213:
210:
209:user research
206:
202:
199:
195:
191:
188:
184:
181:
177:
176:
175:
167:
165:
161:
156:
145:
136:
132:
131:
125:
123:
119:
115:
111:
106:
104:
100:
99:formalization
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
60:
56:
52:
47:
39:
33:
19:
3797:STEAM fields
3767:Lean startup
3752:Indie design
3568:
3535:Intellectual
3500:
3287:Value-driven
3265:Use-centered
3171:Regenerative
3151:Policy-based
3111:Mind mapping
3016:For assembly
2957:Design–build
2875:By committee
2860:Adaptive web
2658:Sound design
2616:glass design
2614: /
2599:applied arts
2540:Level design
2411:Urban design
2362:Hotel design
2313:Architecture
2288:Video design
2281: /
2272: /
2240:Illustration
2233:Print design
2203:Brand design
2091:
2058:
2052:
2041:. Retrieved
2031:
2022:
2016:
2005:. Retrieved
2001:the original
1991:
1980:. Retrieved
1976:
1966:
1934:(4): 21–27.
1931:
1927:
1917:
1906:. Retrieved
1902:
1893:
1883:, retrieved
1843:
1803:
1797:
1787:
1781:
1748:
1744:
1737:
1726:. Retrieved
1722:
1713:
1702:. Retrieved
1690:
1680:
1669:. Retrieved
1665:
1656:
1645:. Retrieved
1641:
1632:
1612:
1605:
1594:. Retrieved
1589:
1580:
1570:
1563:
1543:
1536:
1511:
1507:
1501:
1490:. Retrieved
1486:
1477:
1465:. Retrieved
1461:the original
1456:
1447:
1427:
1420:
1409:. Retrieved
1405:
1396:
1385:. Retrieved
1381:
1372:
1361:. Retrieved
1357:
1348:
1337:. Retrieved
1333:
1324:
1297:
1293:
1280:
1269:. Retrieved
1265:
1256:
1247:
1237:
1226:. Retrieved
1222:
1213:
1193:
1186:
1175:. Retrieved
1171:the original
1166:
1157:
1140:
1136:
1126:
1107:
1101:
1089:. Retrieved
1084:
1023:
1015:
1011:
1009:
999:
977:
917:
909:
897:
891:
882:
877:
868:(as form of
862:architecture
859:
856:Architecture
827:
804:
795:Jeff Hawkins
790:
779:
777:in the film
775:Wizard of Oz
770:
765:
761:
747:
744:
735:
727:
725:
712:
708:
704:
702:
694:
691:
684:
677:
664:
660:
656:
634:
628:
613:
601:
590:
552:
521:
484:
469:
454:
442:
417:
410:
399:
381:
378:
370:
366:
363:
332:
323:Verification
322:
316:
310:
305:
290:
281:
266:Please help
254:
222:
215:
204:
197:
193:
186:
179:
173:
163:
159:
128:
126:
114:prototypical
113:
109:
107:
105:of an idea.
94:
66:
64:
3835:competition
3792:Slow design
3742:Form factor
3712:Concept art
3521:HTML editor
3201:Sustainable
3036:For testing
2880:By contract
2736:Work design
2711:Drug design
2683:engineering
2557:Icon design
2535:Game design
2513:Interaction
2461:Sustainable
2394:Sustainable
2283:Type design
2260:Photography
2255:News design
2198:Book design
2193:Advertising
2172:Disciplines
2036:Lev, Jiri.
1642:PC Magazine
1167:PC Magazine
1137:AI Magazine
1081:"Prototype"
1038:3D printing
990:covered by
902:measurement
850:3D printers
709:functional
671:(a form of
641:declaration
593:alpha grade
538:or using a
528:prototyping
524:electronics
489:Electronics
284:August 2014
118:stereotypes
79:electronics
4027:Prototypes
4011:Categories
3995:Wiktionary
3988:Wikisource
3942:technology
3912:principles
3511:Storyboard
3337:management
3332:leadership
3297:Privacy by
3136:Parametric
3106:Metadesign
3076:Integrated
3066:High-level
3051:Generative
3046:Functional
2915:Continuous
2910:Contextual
2885:C-K theory
2845:Approaches
2587:Web design
2441:CMF design
2421:Industrial
2279:Typography
2043:2021-09-29
2007:2013-10-30
1982:2021-12-13
1908:2021-12-13
1885:2021-12-13
1728:2012-05-03
1704:2019-12-15
1671:2019-12-15
1647:2012-05-03
1616:. Apress.
1596:2017-06-01
1492:2015-02-24
1411:2019-12-15
1387:2019-12-15
1363:2019-12-15
1339:2019-12-15
1300:: 119290.
1271:2022-08-07
1228:2019-12-15
1177:2012-05-03
1064:References
1025:Polypterus
988:free space
949:definition
947:) that by
928:, a solid
912:. In the
842:EMD GP38-2
799:Palm Pilot
645:subroutine
544:stripboard
540:breadboard
461:stripboard
457:breadboard
358:Beskid 106
155:prototypos
150:πρωτότυπος
144:prototypon
139:πρωτότυπον
122:archetypes
103:evaluation
18:Prototypes
3981:Wikiquote
3967:Wikibooks
3917:rationale
3882:knowledge
3857:education
3777:OODA loop
3501:Prototype
3486:Flowchart
3444:Blueprint
3312:computing
3248:Universal
3196:Safe-life
3101:Low-level
3091:Iterative
3071:Inclusive
3056:Geodesign
2947:Defensive
2895:Co-design
2865:Affective
2096:prototype
2077:cite book
1950:0001-0782
1848:CiteSeerX
1765:1071-5819
1699:0017-8012
1592:. WellPCB
1528:1063-8210
1457:ThomasNet
1149:0738-4602
1143:(4): 26.
1016:prototype
1012:prototype
898:prototype
894:metrology
888:Metrology
748:on-screen
687:prototype
665:interface
657:signature
548:perfboard
465:perfboard
352:hatchback
255:does not
130:prototype
127:The word
110:prototype
71:semantics
67:prototype
3974:Wikinews
3907:paradigm
3887:language
3867:engineer
3862:elements
3852:director
3537:property
3382:thinking
3372:strategy
3357:research
3317:controls
3275:Empathic
3206:Systemic
3166:Rational
3121:New Wave
2935:Critical
2158:Designer
2099:Archived
1880:18520479
1032:See also
1000:defining
953:kilogram
910:artifact
904:of some
629:In many
555:Fritzing
350:economy
311:Material
101:and the
3960:Commons
3932:studies
3877:history
3845:student
3830:classic
3818:Design
3732:.design
3660:Graphex
3362:science
3352:pattern
3347:methods
3322:culture
3305:Design
3116:Modular
2969:Diffuse
2890:Closure
2612:Ceramic
2270:Signage
2153:Outline
2025:. 2021.
1958:9934034
1773:9051274
1467:13 July
1302:Bibcode
1091:13 July
846:Athearn
713:working
639:is the
605:mock-up
559:Arduino
413:testbed
317:Process
276:removed
261:sources
3937:studio
3922:review
3902:museum
3825:change
3633:Awards
3506:Sketch
3491:Mockup
3471:CAutoD
3412:Awards
3377:theory
3367:sprint
3342:marker
3307:choice
2681:&
2679:design
2515:design
2423:design
2305:design
2223:Motion
2185:design
2142:Design
2065:
2061:. GB.
1977:Medium
1956:
1948:
1878:
1868:
1850:
1818:
1771:
1763:
1697:
1620:
1551:
1526:
1435:
1294:Energy
1201:
1147:
1114:
998:(thus
996:second
941:France
938:Sèvres
667:. In
532:design
450:mockup
348:Polish
327:rework
160:protos
81:, and
75:design
3820:brief
3707:Agile
3426:Tools
3403:Tools
3041:For X
2677:Other
2596:Other
1954:S2CID
1876:S2CID
1769:S2CID
1290:(PDF)
992:light
980:meter
964:6.626
945:Paris
643:of a
617:uses
170:Types
164:typos
135:Greek
59:paint
3897:load
3892:life
3872:firm
3459:CAID
3327:flow
3243:TRIZ
3131:Open
2083:link
2063:ISBN
1946:ISSN
1866:ISBN
1816:ISBN
1761:ISSN
1695:ISSN
1618:ISBN
1549:ISBN
1524:ISSN
1469:2015
1433:ISBN
1199:ISBN
1145:ISSN
1112:ISBN
1093:2015
896:, a
736:seen
663:and
661:type
633:, a
585:and
259:any
257:cite
120:and
89:and
55:rust
3454:CAD
3434:AAD
3211:SOD
3191:RWD
3061:HCD
2528:EED
2377:EID
1936:doi
1858:doi
1808:doi
1753:doi
1516:doi
1310:doi
1298:217
966:070
860:In
711:or
653:C++
546:or
522:In
480:SMT
476:DIP
472:PCB
463:or
459:or
387:or
355:car
270:by
4013::
2079:}}
2075:{{
1975:.
1952:.
1944:.
1932:37
1930:.
1926:.
1901:.
1874:,
1864:,
1856:,
1842:,
1830:^
1814:.
1767:.
1759:.
1749:70
1747:.
1723:HP
1721:.
1689:.
1664:.
1640:.
1588:.
1522:.
1510:.
1485:.
1455:.
1404:.
1380:.
1356:.
1332:.
1308:.
1296:.
1292:.
1264:.
1246:.
1221:.
1165:.
1141:11
1139:.
1135:.
1083:.
1071:^
1028:.
969:15
918:SI
719:,
703:A
682:.
659:,
542:,
526:,
221:A
214:A
203:A
192:A
185:A
178:A
124:.
108:A
77:,
73:,
65:A
57:,
2134:e
2127:t
2120:v
2085:)
2071:.
2046:.
2010:.
1985:.
1960:.
1938::
1911:.
1860::
1824:.
1810::
1775:.
1755::
1731:.
1707:.
1674:.
1650:.
1626:.
1599:.
1557:.
1530:.
1518::
1512:9
1495:.
1471:.
1441:.
1414:.
1390:.
1366:.
1342:.
1318:.
1312::
1304::
1274:.
1250:.
1231:.
1207:.
1180:.
1151:.
1120:.
1095:.
972:×
960:h
916:(
808::
801:.
787:.
651:/
649:C
498:.
297:)
291:(
286:)
282:(
278:.
264:.
211:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
