321:
209:
71:
1518:
329:
234:
859:
Imperial cult served as a way for subjects of Asia province to come to terms with imperial rule within the framework of their communities. Religious practices were very much a public affair and involved citizens in all its aspects including prayer, sacrifice, and processions. Rituals held in honor of
814:
In case a community was unable to pay taxes, they borrowed from Roman lenders but at exorbitant rates. This more often than not resulted in default on said loans and consequently led Roman lenders to seize the borrower's land, their last remaining asset of value. In this way and by outright purchase,
733:
also signaled the rise of new cities in Mysia, Lydia and
Phrygia. The province grew to be an elaborate system of self-governing cities, each responsible for its own economics, taxes, and law in its territory. The reign of Augustus further signaled the start of urbanization of Asia province, as public
791:
Rome had always been very reluctant to involve itself in matters to the east. It typically relied on allies to arbitrate in the case of a conflict. Very rarely would Rome send delegations to the east, much less have a strong governmental presence. This apathy did not change much even after the gift
757:
divided Asia province into seven smaller provinces. During the 5th century and, until the mid-6th century the cities and provinces of western
Anatolia experienced an economic renaissance. But after the great plague of 543 many cities towards the interior of the province declined to the point where
725:
was established. The proconsul spent much of his year-long term traveling throughout the province hearing cases and conducting other judicial business at each of the assize centers. Rome's transition from the
Republic to the early Empire saw an important change in the role of existing provincial
855:
was prevalent in provincial communities during the Roman empire. Soon after
Augustus came to power, temples erected in his honor sprang up across Asia province. The establishment of provincial centers of imperial cult further spawned local cults. These sites served as models followed by other
823:
Other than to quell occasional revolts, there was minimal military presence in Asia province, until forces led by Sulla set forth in their campaign against
Mithridates VI. In fact, Asia province was unique in that it was one of the few ungarrisoned provinces of the empire. While no
645:
had conquered virtually all of Asia. Capitalizing on the hatred of corrupt Roman practices, Mithridates instigated a mass revolt against Rome, ordering the slaughter of all Romans and
Italians in the province. Contemporary estimates of casualties ranged from 80,000 up to 150,000.
843:
were stationed in
Phrygian Eumeneia while smaller groups of soldiers regularly patrolled the mountainous regions. High military presence in rural regions around 3rd century AD caused great civil unrest in the province.
2791:
693:. The first three cities - Ephesus, Pergamum, and Smyrna - competed to be the dominant city-state in Asia province. Age-old inter-city rivalry continued to inhibit any sort of progress towards provincial unity.
402:, who competed fiercely with one another for status, through appeals to the Imperial authorities and the cultivation of prestigious cultural institutions such as festival games, religious cults, and oratory.
619:
formally established the region as the province of Asia. The bequest of the
Attalid kingdom to Rome presented serious implications for neighbouring territories. It was during this period that the
2834:
2829:
758:
they were indistinguishable from common villages by the time of the
Persian and Arab invasions of the 7th century. On the other hand, leading cities from the early empire including
750:, contributed to failing feelings of security. Furthermore, as political and strategic emphasis shifted away from Asia proconsularis, it lost much of its former prominence.
657:
and in 85 BC reorganized the province into eleven assize districts, each central to a number of smaller, subordinate cities. These assize centers, which developed into the
1560:
2802:
2782:
2778:
290:
276:
262:
248:
2805:
2776:
1936:
746:, the indiscipline of local soldiers and also the diminishing instances of voluntary civic generosity. The Gothic invasions of the 250s and 260s, part of the
792:
from
Attalus in 133 BC. In fact, parts of the Pergamene kingdom were voluntarily relinquished to different nations. For example, Great Phrygia was given to
774:
culture in the east for centuries. The territory remained part of the (Eastern) Roman Empire until the end of the 14th century when it was conquered by the
320:
2693:
398:
The province was one of the richest of the Empire and was at peace for most of the Imperial period. It contained hundreds of largely self-governing Greek
1931:
1553:
1517:
1257:
2801:
1015:
860:
a particular emperor frequently outnumbered those of other gods. No other cult matched the imperial cult in terms of dispersion and commonality.
2757:
2796:
2714:
1546:
2723:
1175:
Widerstand, Anpassung, Integration : die griechische Staatenwelt und Rom : Festschrift fĂŒr JĂŒrgen Deininger zum 65. Geburtstag
2869:
2803:
2789:
2788:
2765:
2764:
2797:
2760:
2732:
2719:
2738:
2785:
2762:
2750:
2743:
2739:
2686:
604:
2800:
2799:
2795:
2744:
2730:
2725:
2717:
2716:
2783:
2777:
2772:
1137:
Wirtschaftspolitik und Wirtschaft in der römischen Provinz Asia in der Zeit von Augustus bis zum Regierungsantritt Diokletians
2798:
1163:
1144:
1125:
941:
770:
retained much of their former glory and came to serve as the new provincial capitals. Asia remained a center of the dominant
2844:
2747:
1624:
established after 584. After massive territorial losses in the 7th century, the remaining provinces were superseded by the
1250:
2792:
2790:
2729:
615:, whither Eumenes had fled. The town was compelled by famine to surrender and the pretender fell into the consul's hands.
2679:
2713:
2066:
611:
brought the war to a close by defeating Eumenes in the first engagement. He followed up his victory by laying siege to
2742:
2731:
874:
2784:
2215:
1201:
1182:
2718:
799:
While the Senate was hesitant in involving itself in Asian affairs, others had no such reluctance. A law passed by
616:
17:
2769:
1538:
2854:
2724:
2640:
1891:
1243:
869:
608:
2753:
1173:
Herrmann, P. (2002). "Das Koinon ton Ionon unter römischer Herrschaft". In Ehrhardt, N.; GĂŒnther, L.-M. (eds.).
2839:
2779:
2763:
1959:
1883:
1872:
1114:
Cottier, M.; Crawford, M. H.; Crowther, C. V.; Ferrary, J. L.; Levick, B. M.; Salomies, O.; Wörrle, M. (2008).
742:
The 3rd century AD marked a serious decline in Asia stemming in part from epidemic disease, beginning with the
2748:
2737:
2720:
2752:
2722:
2026:
1660:
2775:
828:
were ever stationed inside the province, that is not to say that there was no military presence whatsoever.
548:(188 BC), he surrendered the entire territory to the Romans, who placed most of it under the control of the
2793:
2463:
1569:
1462:
2754:
2728:
1266:
2773:
2770:
1946:
1340:
747:
596:, having been a close ally of Rome, chose to bequeath his kingdom to Rome. Upon his death in 133 BC, the
2794:
2749:
2733:
2721:
2715:
1008:
2755:
1447:
2787:
2780:
2761:
2746:
2745:
2741:
2736:
2727:
2143:
2085:
1896:
1370:
811:. The privilege of collecting taxes was almost certainly exploited by individuals from the Republic.
2756:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2483:
2468:
2292:
2021:
1968:
1964:
1926:
1858:
1679:
1507:
1497:
1380:
1345:
1325:
1305:
722:
642:
463:
2735:
2734:
2726:
2864:
2759:
2287:
2234:
2171:
2011:
2001:
1830:
1800:
1452:
1437:
1375:
1290:
1280:
793:
561:
537:
2767:
2859:
2751:
2740:
2493:
1820:
1425:
1285:
1235:
492:
356:
2758:
1527:
Italy was never constituted as a province, instead retaining a special juridical status until
931:
2786:
2774:
2508:
2090:
2016:
1609:
654:
31:
670:
2646:
2163:
1815:
1647:
1617:
1457:
1350:
8:
2702:
2652:
2607:
2425:
2415:
2077:
1906:
1853:
1848:
1621:
1355:
1330:
612:
533:
518:
388:
341:
120:
2781:
2503:
2478:
2385:
2360:
2249:
2133:
1983:
1795:
1592:
1442:
1400:
1395:
808:
678:
597:
541:
522:
395:. That arrangement endured until the province was subdivided in the fourth century AD.
255:
726:
cities, which evolved from autonomous city-states to Imperial administrative centers.
462:
was added in 82 BC. The southeast region of Asia province was later reassigned to the
2630:
2337:
2327:
2322:
2226:
2196:
1993:
1843:
1734:
1724:
1699:
1694:
1487:
1482:
1410:
1405:
1197:
1178:
1159:
1140:
1121:
937:
620:
565:
2566:
2561:
2518:
2473:
2380:
2125:
2115:
2105:
2053:
1790:
1782:
1568:
1415:
1385:
832:
682:
636:
545:
241:
912:
532:
The territory was ruled by various Macedonian kingdoms following the conquests of
2849:
2546:
2536:
2443:
2395:
2350:
2269:
2191:
2176:
2095:
1838:
1742:
1714:
1689:
1671:
1300:
1115:
1019:
743:
549:
506:
376:
214:
137:
2556:
2551:
2541:
2488:
2433:
2244:
2138:
2110:
2100:
1978:
1767:
1762:
1719:
1709:
1632:
and parts of Greece they survived under the themes until the early 9th century.
1390:
1310:
1217:
800:
775:
624:
443:
372:
364:
227:
163:
124:
70:
53:
627:. He would prove to be a formidable foe to Rome's success in Asia and beyond.
2823:
2438:
2390:
2355:
2345:
2254:
1954:
1757:
1752:
1704:
1684:
1613:
1597:
1335:
1315:
1295:
852:
690:
658:
269:
1222:
930:
Collins, Billie Jean; Bachvarova, Mary R.; Rutherford, Ian (28 March 2010).
2636:
2453:
2448:
2400:
2186:
2153:
2148:
1973:
1747:
1625:
1360:
979:
977:
975:
973:
971:
840:
825:
380:
57:
2659:
2531:
2498:
2410:
2365:
2239:
2181:
1502:
1431:
1365:
771:
767:
600:
589:
968:
525:
of the early 5th century BC, Greek sources often use it to refer to the
2526:
2370:
1772:
1601:
1528:
754:
577:
502:
368:
150:
2671:
962:
Herodotus in context: Ethnography, Science & the Art of Persuasion
2312:
2201:
1810:
1805:
1420:
1156:
Roman Ionia: Constructions of Cultural Identity in Western Asia Minor
702:
439:
392:
1194:
The lives of ancient villages : rural society in Roman Anatolia
101:
2658: Affected (i.e. boundaries modified, abolished or renamed) by
2405:
2375:
2297:
2006:
1921:
1629:
804:
730:
593:
553:
467:
455:
384:
337:
328:
283:
83:
2602:
2458:
2317:
2259:
2022:
Numidia (divided as Cirtensis and Militiana during the Tetrarchy)
1916:
1911:
1901:
1477:
879:
836:
759:
718:
686:
674:
662:
557:
475:
451:
435:
333:
96:
88:
1265:
410:
The province of Asia originally consisted of the territories of
2612:
1492:
1472:
1467:
763:
666:
514:
459:
419:
312:
308:
105:
92:
2712:
1113:
603:
staged a rebellion. He defeated one of the consuls of 131 BC,
2307:
2302:
2282:
831:
Legionary detachments were present in the Phrygian cities of
714:
710:
706:
650:
573:
569:
496:
471:
447:
431:
427:
423:
415:
411:
399:
324:
The Roman provinces of Anatolia under Trajan, including Asia.
44:
999:. Volume 1. (New York: Oxford University Press), 1993. p. 29
933:
Anatolian Interfaces: Hittites, Greeks and their Neighbours
929:
526:
1616:. Empire permanently partitioned after 395. Exarchates of
1196:. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
466:. During the Empire, the province of Asia was bounded by
450:, were part of the province of Asia. The western part of
75:
The province of Asia highlighted within the Roman Empire.
2835:
States and territories disestablished in the 7th century
2830:
States and territories established in the 2nd century BC
734:
building became the defining characteristic of a city.
501:, originally only applied to the eastern shore of the
27:
Roman province located in modern-day Turkey and Greece
2052:
705:for the province of Asia, embracing the regions of
1646:
1069:
1067:
815:Romans dispersed throughout the province of Asia.
1057:
1055:
1030:
1028:
2821:
1064:
701:After Augustus came to power, he established a
458:was added before 100 BC, while the area around
1153:
1052:
1025:
2687:
2639:by the Eastern Empire in 534 as the separate
1554:
1251:
1227:
371:(Anatolia), which was created following the
2662:'s administrative reorganization in 534â536
913:"asia - Search Online Etymology Dictionary"
2694:
2680:
1561:
1547:
1258:
1244:
948:assuwa pylos "aswia" = Linear B A-si-wi-ja
379:in 133 BC. After the establishment of the
69:
1596:. Provincial administration reformed and
1191:
1158:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1570:Late Roman and early Byzantine provinces
1177:. Stuttgart: Steiner. pp. 223â242.
1172:
1134:
630:
336:(ruled 117-138 AD), showing, in western
327:
319:
2701:
14:
2822:
959:
875:Early centers of Christianity#Anatolia
665:, Pergamum - the old Attalid capital,
2675:
2592:
2591:
2051:
1645:
1581:
1542:
1239:
1226:
1267:Provinces of the early Roman Empire
818:
1135:Drexhage, Heinrich-Wilhelm (2007).
729:The beginning of the principate of
24:
1107:
25:
2881:
2870:Praetorian prefecture of the East
1211:
856:provinces throughout the empire.
623:rose in status under the rule of
607:. The following year, the consul
2002:Africa proconsularis (Zeugitana)
1628:in c. 640â660, although in
1516:
847:
536:. In 190 BC, the Romans crushed
517:, the name of the region in the
434:, and the land corridor through
332:The Roman empire in the time of
288:
274:
260:
246:
232:
207:
1612:established after the death of
1154:Hallmannsecker, Martin (2022).
1091:
1079:
984:The Oxford Classical Dictionary
900:The Oxford Classical Dictionary
870:List of Roman governors of Asia
721:. To its east, the province of
491:The word "Asia" comes from the
1960:Flaminia et Picenum Annonarium
1884:Diocese of Suburbicarian Italy
1040:
1002:
989:
953:
923:
905:
892:
588:With no legitimate heir, King
387:, it was the most prestigious
13:
1:
2027:Tripolitania (Roman province)
1605:
885:
781:
583:
486:
454:was added to Asia in 116 BC.
936:. Oxbow Books. p. 120.
653:defeated Mithridates in the
405:
7:
2845:Roman provinces in Anatolia
2635: Re-established after
1947:Diocese of Annonarian Italy
1582:
863:
786:
748:Crisis of the Third Century
696:
10:
2886:
807:in Asia to members of the
737:
634:
513:and probably derives from
497:
481:
360:
45:
29:
2709:
2625:
2608:Quaestura exercitus (536)
2598:
2587:
2517:
2424:
2336:
2268:
2225:
2214:
2162:
2124:
2076:
2065:
2061:
2047:
1992:
1945:
1882:
1871:
1829:
1781:
1733:
1670:
1659:
1655:
1641:
1588:
1577:
1525:
1514:
1276:
1233:
1228:Links to related articles
1192:Thonemann, Peter (2022).
960:Thomas, Rosalind (2000).
902:. 3rd ed. 1996: p. 189-90
367:covering most of western
304:
186:
182:
178:
174:
160:
147:
134:
130:
116:
112:
79:
68:
63:
52:
39:
2484:Palaestina III Salutaris
1680:Alpes Poeninae et Graiae
1306:Alpes Graiae et Poeninae
898:"Asia, Roman province."
643:Mithridates VI of Pontus
446:, with the exception of
2651: Placed under the
2012:Mauretania Caesariensis
1831:Diocese of the Britains
1453:Mauretania Caesariensis
1139:. Bonn: Rudolf Habelt.
1117:The Customs Law of Asia
794:Mithridates V of Pontus
538:Antiochus III the Great
505:, which is attested in
2855:130s BC establishments
2494:Phoenice II Libanensis
2197:Macedonia II Salutaris
1610:praetorian prefectures
1572:(4thâ7th centuries AD)
1426:Hispania Tarraconensis
1013:: The Mithridatic Wars
805:right to collect taxes
651:Lucius Cornelius Sulla
556:. The western part of
391:and was governed by a
349:
348:(southwestern Turkey).
325:
2840:Asia (Roman province)
2216:Praetorian prefecture
2091:Noricum mediterraneum
2067:Praetorian prefecture
2017:Mauretania Sitifensis
1912:Picenum Suburbicarium
1873:Praetorian prefecture
1661:Praetorian prefecture
1608: 293. Permanent
655:First Mithridatic War
631:Mithridates and Sulla
375:'s annexation of the
331:
323:
32:Asia (disambiguation)
2647:Diocese of Illyricum
2641:Prefecture of Africa
2396:Galatia II Salutaris
2164:Diocese of Macedonia
2054:Eastern Roman Empire
1816:Mauretania Tingitana
1648:Western Roman Empire
1458:Mauretania Tingitana
1351:Corsica and Sardinia
1291:Africa proconsularis
1218:Unrv.com: Asia Minor
753:In the 4th century,
544:. In the subsequent
30:For other uses, see
2703:History of Anatolia
2653:Quaestura exercitus
2426:Diocese of the East
2416:Pontus Polemoniacus
2078:Diocese of Pannonia
1907:Lucania et Bruttium
1854:Maxima Caesariensis
1849:Flavia Caesariensis
1356:Crete and Cyrenaica
1331:Bithynia and Pontus
995:Mitchell, Stephen.
803:in 123 BC gave the
649:Three years later,
534:Alexander the Great
464:province of Cilicia
389:senatorial province
342:senatorial province
149:âą Division by
136:âą Conquest of
121:Classical Antiquity
2504:Syria II Salutaris
2361:Armenian Satrapies
2134:Dacia Mediterranea
2056:(395–c. 640)
1984:Venetia et Histria
1892:Apulia et Calabria
1593:Notitia Dignitatum
1443:Lycia et Pamphylia
1421:Hispania Lusitania
1401:Gallia Narbonensis
1396:Gallia Lugdunensis
1018:2015-09-12 at the
964:. pp. 75â134.
917:www.etymonline.com
542:battle of Magnesia
523:Greco-Persian Wars
474:to the south, and
350:
326:
256:Aegean Sea (theme)
95:), later moved to
64:133 BCâ7th century
2817:
2816:
2811:
2810:
2669:
2668:
2631:Septem Provinciae
2621:
2620:
2593:Other territories
2583:
2582:
2579:
2578:
2575:
2574:
2366:Armenia III (536)
2338:Diocese of Pontus
2328:Phrygia Salutaris
2323:Phrygia Pacatiana
2227:Diocese of Thrace
2210:
2209:
2043:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2035:
2034:
1994:Diocese of Africa
1867:
1866:
1735:Diocese of Vienne
1725:Maxima Sequanorum
1637:
1636:
1536:
1535:
1488:Pannonia Superior
1483:Pannonia Inferior
1411:Germania Superior
1406:Germania Inferior
1270:
1165:978-1-009-15018-7
1146:978-3-7749-3516-7
1127:978-0-19-156428-4
943:978-1-78297-475-8
841:Auxiliary cohorts
819:Military presence
621:Kingdom of Pontus
318:
317:
300:
299:
296:
295:
220:
219:
16:(Redirected from
2877:
2696:
2689:
2682:
2673:
2672:
2645: Later the
2629: Later the
2589:
2588:
2567:Thebais Inferior
2562:Thebais Superior
2519:Diocese of Egypt
2509:Theodorias (528)
2371:Armenia IV (536)
2223:
2222:
2126:Diocese of Dacia
2116:Valeria ripensis
2074:
2073:
2063:
2062:
2049:
2048:
1932:Tuscia et Umbria
1880:
1879:
1783:Diocese of Spain
1668:
1667:
1657:
1656:
1643:
1642:
1607:
1590:As found in the
1579:
1578:
1563:
1556:
1549:
1540:
1539:
1520:
1416:Hispania Baetica
1386:Gallia Aquitania
1268:
1260:
1253:
1246:
1237:
1236:
1224:
1223:
1207:
1188:
1169:
1150:
1131:
1101:
1095:
1089:
1083:
1077:
1071:
1062:
1059:
1050:
1044:
1038:
1032:
1023:
1006:
1000:
993:
987:
981:
966:
965:
957:
951:
950:
927:
921:
920:
909:
903:
896:
809:equestrian order
637:Mithridatic Wars
617:Manius Aquillius
605:Crassus Mucianus
546:Treaty of Apamea
500:
499:
362:
292:
291:
278:
277:
264:
263:
250:
249:
242:Thracesian Theme
236:
235:
224:
223:
211:
210:
204:
203:
188:
187:
73:
48:
47:
42:
37:
36:
21:
18:Province of Asia
2885:
2884:
2880:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2875:
2874:
2820:
2819:
2818:
2813:
2812:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2705:
2700:
2670:
2665:
2617:
2594:
2571:
2547:Augustamnica II
2513:
2420:
2332:
2270:Diocese of Asia
2264:
2217:
2206:
2192:Macedonia Prima
2158:
2120:
2096:Noricum ripense
2068:
2057:
2031:
1988:
1941:
1874:
1863:
1825:
1777:
1743:Alpes Maritimae
1729:
1715:Lugdunensis III
1672:Diocese of Gaul
1662:
1651:
1650:(395–476)
1633:
1600:established by
1584:
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1468:Moesia Inferior
1301:Alpes Maritimae
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1120:. Oxford: OUP.
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527:whole continent
507:Mycenaean Greek
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2542:Augustamnica I
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1801:Carthaginensis
1798:
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1775:
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1768:Novempopulania
1765:
1763:Narbonensis II
1760:
1755:
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1739:
1737:
1731:
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1720:Lugdunensis IV
1717:
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1710:Lugdunensis II
1707:
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659:Roman dioceses
635:Main article:
632:
629:
625:Mithridates VI
585:
582:
576:were given to
488:
485:
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470:to the north,
444:Aegean islands
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365:Roman province
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1955:Alpes Cottiae
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1828:
1822:
1821:Tarraconensis
1819:
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1809:
1807:
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1799:
1797:
1794:
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1780:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
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1758:Narbonensis I
1756:
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1753:Aquitanica II
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1713:
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1705:Lugdunensis I
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1615:
1614:Constantine I
1611:
1603:
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1347:
1344:
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1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
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1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1296:Alpes Cottiae
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1275:
1271:
1261:
1256:
1254:
1249:
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1219:
1216:
1215:
1205:
1203:9781009123211
1199:
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1184:9783515079112
1180:
1176:
1171:
1167:
1161:
1157:
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1123:
1119:
1118:
1112:
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1043:
1036:
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985:
980:
978:
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934:
926:
918:
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901:
895:
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868:
867:
861:
857:
854:
853:Imperial cult
848:Imperial cult
845:
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834:
829:
827:
816:
812:
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802:
797:
795:
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756:
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749:
745:
735:
732:
727:
724:
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712:
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704:
703:proconsulship
694:
692:
691:Halicarnassus
688:
684:
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581:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
562:Mithridates V
560:was given to
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
530:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
494:
479:
478:to the east.
477:
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386:
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357:Ancient Greek
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343:
339:
335:
330:
322:
314:
310:
307:
305:Today part of
303:
287:
285:
282:
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273:
271:
270:Samos (theme)
268:
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72:
67:
62:
59:
55:
51:
46:áŒÏαÏÏία áŒÏίαÏ
38:
33:
19:
2613:Spania (552)
2474:Palaestina I
2454:Euphratensis
2401:Helenopontus
2381:Cappadocia I
2288:Hellespontus
2277:
2187:Epirus Vetus
2154:Praevalitana
2069:of Illyricum
1859:Valentia (?)
1844:Britannia II
1748:Aquitanica I
1626:theme system
1591:
1430:
1320:
1193:
1174:
1155:
1136:
1116:
1097:
1093:
1085:
1081:
1073:
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1042:
1034:
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983:
961:
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947:
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916:
907:
899:
894:
858:
851:
830:
826:full legions
822:
813:
798:
790:
752:
741:
728:
700:
648:
640:
613:Stratonikeia
587:
531:
521:. After the
510:
490:
409:
397:
381:Roman Empire
352:
351:
345:
197:Succeeded by
196:
191:
166:established
58:Roman Empire
2660:Justinian I
2532:Aegyptus II
2464:Mesopotamia
2411:Paphlagonia
2240:Haemimontus
2218:of the East
2182:Epirus Nova
2106:Pannonia II
1839:Britannia I
1700:Germania II
1531:'s reforms.
1463:Mesopotamia
772:Hellenistic
768:Aphrodisias
671:Adramyttium
661:, included
601:Eumenes III
590:Attalus III
400:city-states
192:Preceded by
170:7th century
2824:Categories
2637:reconquest
2527:Aegyptus I
2489:Phoenice I
2444:Cilicia II
2351:Armenia II
2101:Pannonia I
1773:Viennensis
1695:Germania I
1690:Belgica II
1630:Asia Minor
1602:Diocletian
1529:Diocletian
1341:Cappadocia
986:. pp. 189f
886:References
782:Government
755:Diocletian
641:By 88 BC,
584:Annexation
564:, King of
519:Bronze Age
503:Aegean Sea
487:Background
369:Asia Minor
151:Diocletian
2439:Cilicia I
2391:Galatia I
2346:Armenia I
2313:Pamphylia
2245:Moesia II
2202:Thessalia
1979:Raetia II
1811:Lusitania
1806:Gallaecia
1796:Balearica
1685:Belgica I
1448:Macedonia
1336:Britannia
598:pretender
552:based at
509:texts as
440:Pamphylia
406:Geography
393:proconsul
2406:Honorias
2376:Bithynia
2149:Moesia I
2144:Dardania
2086:Dalmatia
2007:Byzacena
1974:Raetia I
1922:Sardinia
1897:Campania
1875:of Italy
1598:dioceses
1371:Dalmatia
1286:Aegyptus
1269:(117 AD)
1098:Anatolia
1086:Anatolia
1074:Anatolia
1047:Anatolia
1035:Anatolia
1016:Archived
1009:Appian,
997:Anatolia
864:See also
787:Taxation
731:Augustus
697:Augustus
594:Pergamum
568:, while
554:Pergamum
468:Bithynia
456:Lycaonia
385:Augustus
363:) was a
338:Anatolia
284:Opsikion
138:Pergamon
100:(modern
87:(modern
84:Pergamon
54:Province
2603:Taurica
2537:Arcadia
2499:Syria I
2469:Osroene
2459:Isauria
2318:Pisidia
2293:Islands
2260:Thracia
2255:Scythia
2250:Rhodope
1969:Aemilia
1965:Liguria
1937:Valeria
1927:Sicilia
1917:Samnium
1902:Corsica
1791:Baetica
1663:of Gaul
1618:Ravenna
1583:History
1508:Thracia
1498:Sicilia
1478:Noricum
1381:Galatia
1346:Cilicia
1326:Assyria
1316:Armenia
1049:. p. 29
880:Asiarch
837:Amorium
760:Ephesus
738:Decline
723:Galatia
719:Phrygia
687:Miletus
679:Synnada
675:Cyzicus
663:Ephesus
558:Phrygia
540:at the
482:History
476:Galatia
452:Phrygia
436:Pisidia
334:Hadrian
162:âą
97:Ephesus
89:Bergama
80:Capital
56:of the
2850:133 BC
2655:in 536
2449:Cyprus
2434:Arabia
2235:Europa
2172:Achaea
1622:Africa
1493:Raetia
1438:Iudaea
1432:Italia
1376:Epirus
1361:Cyprus
1281:Achaia
1200:
1181:
1162:
1143:
1124:
1100:p. 112
1088:p. 100
1076:p. 121
1037:p. 198
940:
833:Apamea
766:, and
764:Sardis
717:, and
689:, and
683:Apamea
667:Smyrna
578:Rhodes
566:Pontus
515:Assuwa
460:Cibyra
442:. The
420:Aeolis
414:, the
340:, the
313:Greece
309:Turkey
156:c. 293
143:133 BC
106:Turkey
102:Selçuk
93:Turkey
2308:Lydia
2303:Lycia
2283:Caria
2177:Creta
2111:Savia
1503:Syria
1366:Dacia
715:Caria
711:Lydia
707:Mysia
574:Lycia
570:Caria
511:aswia
495:word
493:Greek
472:Lycia
448:Crete
432:Caria
428:Ionia
424:Lydia
416:Troad
412:Mysia
2278:Asia
1620:and
1321:Asia
1198:ISBN
1179:ISBN
1160:ISBN
1141:ISBN
1122:ISBN
938:ISBN
835:and
572:and
498:áŒÏία
361:áŒÏία
353:Asia
346:Asia
1967:et
592:of
529:,
438:to
383:by
344:of
2826::
1606:c.
1604:,
1066:^
1054:^
1027:^
970:^
946:.
915:.
839:.
796:.
778:.
762:,
713:,
709:,
685:,
681:,
677:,
673:,
669:,
580:.
430:,
426:,
422:,
418:,
359::
123:-
104:,
91:,
2695:e
2688:t
2681:v
1562:e
1555:t
1548:v
1259:e
1252:t
1245:v
1206:.
1187:.
1168:.
1149:.
1130:.
1022:.
919:.
355:(
108:)
34:.
20:)
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