215:, only being regranted in shrunken form, with the result that by the late 15th century the major provincial lordships had largely disappeared. By 1450 the structure of Scottish nobility had changed: the peerage had become personal, honorific and hierarchical and had lost its association with specific territories. By this time the landholdings of earls and major lords were often fragmented and geographically dispersed, without the unity and identification with specific territories that had characterised the earlier earldoms and provincial lordships. Despite this, technically the private authority of provincial lords survived until the
64:. Some provincial lordships were older land units taken over and adapted to a feudal framework. As with earldoms, holders of provincial lordships were largely responsible for the administration of their territories and possessed most of the land within them. The territories of provincial lordships were often interspersed between earldoms as a means of securing royal power in areas where royal
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By ca. 1400 some of the earldoms and provincial lordships were much smaller than their original extent, but they still collectively covered two thirds of the land area of modern
Scotland, and 425 of the kingdom's 925 parishes. The areas remaining within individual provincial lordships ranged from the
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As the term "provincial lordship" is a modern description rather than a formal contemporary status there are no strict criteria for assigning landholdings to the category, and lists of them differ.
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Provincial lordships covered large discrete districts and were often similar in size and function to the earldoms that developed over a similar period from the lands held by the
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also established as provincial lordships over the same period. Similar lordships were created to the north of Alba in the late 12th and early 13th centuries including
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during the 12th and 13th centuries. These landholdings were granted by kings to their supporters to secure royal control of territories outside the core of the
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399:
Grant, Alexander (2008). "Franchises north of the Border: Baronies and regalities in medieval
Scotland". In Prestwich, Michael (ed.).
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Stringer, Keith J. (1996). "Earldoms and 'provincial lordships' 1124 to 1286". In McNeill, Peter G. B.; MacQueen, Hector I. (eds.).
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saw most of the earldoms and provincial lordships forfeited to the crown or taken into crown ownership through
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were all established during the early 12th century, and large pre-feudal territories including
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422:. Edinburgh: The Scottish Medievalists and University of Edinburgh. pp. 183–186.
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held powers greater than those of sheriffs, including the right to appoint their own
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were relatively undeveloped. All provincial lords held powers on a par with those of
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192:; in comparison the remaining areas of earldoms ranged from the 46 parishes of
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incomers allied with the Kings of Alba, but three lordships in the west –
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Liberties and
Identities in Medieval Britain and Ireland
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The earliest provincial lordships were those created by
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The Shape of the State in
Medieval Scotland, 1124–1290
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is a modern term used by historians to describe large
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217:Heritable Jurisdictions (Scotland) Act 1746
384:"The Development of the Scottish Peerage"
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441:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
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420:Atlas of Scottish History to 1707
203:The early 15th century reigns of
471:Provincial lordships of Scotland
466:Former subdivisions of Scotland
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388:The Scottish Historical Review
164:– were held by descendants of
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148:. Many of these were held by
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184:to the 2 parishes each of
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382:Grant, Alexander (1978).
23:landholdings created in
437:Taylor, Alice (2016).
50:Geography and function
196:to the 3 parishes of
62:Provinces of Scotland
17:Provincial lordships
394:(163 Part 1): 1–27.
341:, pp. 198–199.
92:: the lordships of
39:to the east of the
174:Lord of the Isles
72:, and those with
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29:Kingdom of Alba
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170:Norse-Gaelic
150:Anglo-Norman
106:Kyle Stewart
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257:Taylor 2016
142:Strathbogie
118:Strathgryfe
66:sheriffdoms
33:River Forth
460:Categories
429:0950390410
410:1843833743
366:Grant 2008
354:Grant 1978
339:Grant 2008
327:Grant 1978
312:Grant 2008
300:Grant 1978
288:Grant 1978
276:Grant 2008
223:References
186:Liddesdale
146:Sutherland
114:Liddesdale
110:Lauderdale
98:Cunningham
78:justiciars
74:regalities
37:River Spey
130:Nithsdale
94:Annandale
41:Highlands
209:James II
182:Galloway
166:Somerled
154:Garmoran
134:Badenoch
126:Galloway
70:sheriffs
57:mormaers
35:and the
25:Scotland
213:escheat
205:James I
190:Eskdale
172:former
138:Garioch
102:Eskdale
90:David I
84:History
445:
426:
407:
198:Buchan
168:, the
122:Argyll
21:feudal
194:Moray
162:Lorne
158:Islay
443:ISBN
424:ISBN
405:ISBN
207:and
188:and
160:and
144:and
128:and
116:and
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