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The later stages of a psammosere appear when the sand stops moving due to lower wind speeds. These lower wind speeds can be because of distance from the shoreline or the formation of higher dunes, acting as windbreaks, or a combination of both of these factors. The process by which different stages
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Psammosere succession is also extremely vulnerable to human activities. At beaches, footpaths over dunes will trample grass, creating exposed sand. This exposed sand can be blown away very easily, leading to the roots becoming exposed, leading to neighbouring plants dying. This creates
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In an idealised coastal psammosere model, at the seaward edge of the sand dune the pH of the soil is typically alkaline/neutral with a pH of 7.0/8.0 particularly where shell fragments provide a significant component of the sand. Tracking inland across the dunes, a
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in the UK encourages people to pull up small Pine trees as they can leave needles on the ground, which can prevent further psammosere succession through the dropping of
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eventually grade into a typical non-maritime terrestrial eco-system. The first trees (or pioneer trees) that appear are typically fast-growing trees such as
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Efforts have also been made to improve the psammosere in some regards. Pine trees are in some areas an invasive species, and can take over heathland. The
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stabilising the dunes. Progressing inland, many characteristics of the ground change which helps determine the natural succession of the dunes.
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The second stage in a psammosere succession. Humans have trampled some of the grass in this area, making it more vulnerable to erosion.
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For instance, the drainage slows down as the land becomes more compact and the soils improve in quality, and the
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develops with a pH of 5.0/ 4.0 followed by mature podsols at the climax with a pH of 3.5 - 4.5.
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The first stage in a psammosere succession. Pioneer species can be seen forming embryo dunes
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CalvĂŁo, Teresa; Fernanda Pessoa, Maria; Cebola Lidon, Fernando (2013),
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Psammosere's literal meaning is “originating on sand". It was named by
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is the sequence of plant succession that has been initiated on sand.
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Plant
Succession: An Analysis Of The Development Of Vegetation (1916)
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succession, meaning it begins in an environment with limited to no
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after he conducted several studies on the sand dunes surrounding
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Impact of human activities on coastal vegetation – A review
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succeed each other is known as "plant colonisation".
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484:. 30 June 2007. Archived from
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302:Effect on pH
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252:meadow grass
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371:References
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123:psammosere
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565:0006-8071
468:0012-9623
355:Lithosere
350:Hydrosere
221:glasswort
202:organisms
138:sand dune
99:June 2024
656:Archived
365:Xerosere
360:Psamment
345:Halosere
339:See also
322:blowouts
236:seashell
214:littoral
212:such as
142:xerosere
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448:Bibcode
333:needles
292:climate
256:heather
152:History
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240:humus
223:with
217:algae
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