2162:. New Zealand is second to Italy in the total volume of kiwifruit exports making an annual revenue of $ NZ 1 billion, making it the most economically valuable export in the country. In 2014 the loss of exports alone was as high as NZ$ 930 million. Growers had to pay for treatments, and removal of infected vines along with suffering the loss of capital value in their orchards. For some, the orchard values went from NZ$ 450,000/ha to $ 70,000/ha after the outbreak, which is the price of bare land. The total loss of equity for the country of New Zealand was as high as NZ$ 2 billion.
33:
54:
176:
552:
544:
2009:, is triggered when intracellular (Nucleotide-binding site, Leucine-rich repeat) NB-LRR proteins bind to an effector, a molecule specific to a particular pathogen. ETI is generally more severe than PTI, and when a threshold of defense activation is reached, it can trigger a hypersensitive response
898:
molecules, which allows it to sense the presence of other bacterial cells nearby. If these molecules pass a threshold level, the bacteria change their pattern of gene expression to form a biofilm and begin expression of virulence-related genes. The bacteria secrete highly viscous compounds such as
572:
by grinding up infected leaves each season, then applying the powder to test corn for the following season to track the disease. A surprise frost occurred that year, leaving peculiar results. Only plants infected with the diseased powder incurred frost damage, leaving healthy plants unfrozen. This
189:
644:(sap oozing from wounds on the tree) but can also overwinter in healthy looking plant tissues. In the spring, water from rain or other sources will wash the bacteria onto leaves/blossoms where it will grow and survive throughout the summer. This is the epiphyte phase of
1642:
have played an integral role in the Plant-Associated
Microbe Gene Ontology working group, aimed at developing gene ontology terms that capture biological processes occurring during the interactions between organisms, and using the terms for annotation of gene products.
668:
tend to be favoured by wet, cool conditions—optimum temperatures for disease tend to be around 12–25 °C (54–77 °F), although this can vary according to the pathovar involved. The bacteria tend to be seed-borne, and are dispersed between plants by rain splash.
3504:
González-Hernández, Ana Isabel; Fernández-Crespo, Emma; Scalschi, Loredana; Hajirezaei, Mohammad-Reza; von Wirén, Nicolaus; García-Agustín, Pilar; Camañes, Gemma (August 2019). "Ammonium mediated changes in carbon and nitrogen metabolisms induce resistance against
1637:
effectors has been adopted by researchers characterizing effector repertoires in other bacteria, and methods used for bioinformatic effector identification have been adapted for other organisms. In addition, researchers working with
1560:
A combination of the pathogen's effector genes and the plant's resistance genes is thought to determine which species a particular pathovar can infect. Plants can develop resistance to a pathovar by recognising
930:
at lower temperatures (down to −8 °C (18 °F)) are more common. The freezing causes injuries in the epithelia and makes the nutrients in the underlying plant tissues available to the bacteria.
617:
does not form a monophyletic species in the strict sense, but a wider evolutionary group (34 genomes in total, organized into 3 subgroups) that includes other species as well. The core proteome of the
720:
to swim towards a target host. It enters the plant via wounds of natural opening sites, as it is not able to breach the plant cell wall. An example of this is the partnership with the leaf-mining fly
1565:(PAMPs) and launching an immune response. These PAMPs are necessary for the microbe to function, so cannot be lost, but the pathogen may find ways to suppress this immune response, leading to an
1903:
585:, found that when this particular bacterium was introduced to plants where it is originally absent, the plants became very vulnerable to frost damage. He went on to identify the bacterium as
652:
or necrotic spots on either leaves or woody tissue then the disease will start. The pathogen will then exploit and grow in intercellular space causing the leaf spots and cankers.
1633:
experimental system has been a source of pioneering evidence for the important role of pathogen gene products in suppressing plant defense. The nomenclature system developed for
656:
can also survive in temperatures slightly below freezing. These below freezing temperatures increase the severity of infection within trees like sour cherry, apricot, and peach.
4456:
Ben Khaled, Sara; Postma, Jelle; Robatzek, Silke (4 August 2015). "A Moving View: Subcellular
Trafficking Processes in Pattern Recognition Receptor–Triggered Plant Immunity".
1673:, and approximately 40 Hop (Hrp Outer Protein) effectors - pathogenic proteins that attenuate the host cell - have been identified. These 40 effectors are not recognized by
1922:
2043:
DC3000∆∆, ETI to the pathogen is not triggered due to the absence of the main effectors recognized by the Pto/Prf complex. In the lab this is highly valuable, as using
765:. These proteins primarily function to cause disease symptoms and manipulate the host's immune response to facilitate infection. The major family of T3SS effectors in
4896:"Transcriptomics-based screen for genes induced by flagellin and repressed by pathogen effectors identifies a cell wall-associated kinase involved in plant immunity"
3845:
3939:"From bacterial avirulence genes to effector functions via thehrpdelivery system: an overview of 25 years of progress in our understanding of plant innate immunity"
3724:
2247:
2801:
5461:
975:
with copper compounds or other heavy metals that can be combined with fungicides or other pest control chemicals. Chemical treatments with fixed copper such as
351:
3814:
3746:
Di Lallo G, Evangelisti M, Mancuso F, Ferrante P, Marcelletti S, Tinari A, Superti F, Migliore L, D'Addabbo P, Frezza D, Scortichini M, Thaller MC (2014).
3552:
5166:
Donati, Irene; Cellini, Antonio; Sangiorgio, Daniela; Vanneste, Joel L.; Scortichini, Marco; Balestra, Giorgio M.; Spinelli, Francesco (3 January 2020).
458:
which cause water (in plants) to freeze at fairly high temperatures (−1.8 to −3.8 °C (28.8 to 25.2 °F)), resulting in injury. Since the 1970s,
3298:
Hirano, Susan S.; Upper, Christen D. (1995). "Ecology of Ice
Nucleation – Active Bacteria". In Lee, Richard E.; Warren, Gareth J.; Gusta, L. V. (eds.).
4236:(9 January 1996). "Identification of a new Arabidopsis disease resistance locus, RPs4, and cloning of the corresponding avirulence gene, avrRps4, from
4570:"The tomato kinase Pti1 contributes to production of reactive oxygen species in response to two flagellin-derived peptides and promotes resistance to
1993:
Like other plants, the tomato has a two-tier pathogen defense system. The first and more universal line of plant defense, pattern-triggered immunity
3582:
Ni, Peien; Wang, Lei; Deng, Bohan; Jiu, Songtao; Ma, Chao; Zhang, Caixi; Almeida, Adelaide; Wang, Dapeng; Xu, Wenping; Wang, Shiping (2 June 2020).
2208:
1479:
However, many of the strains for which new species groupings were proposed continue to be referred to in the scientific literature as pathovars of
4569:
5527:
5435:
2109:
has led to the characterization of key components of the tomato immune system and continues to be used to further the field of tomato pathology.
5499:
5119:
Vanneste, Joel L. (4 August 2017). "The
Scientific, Economic, and Social Impacts of the New Zealand Outbreak of Bacterial Canker of Kiwifruit (
1047:, but so far, no other species are 100% resistant to this pathogen. Resistance breeding is a slow process, especially in trees. Unfortunately,
4161:
Petnicki-Ocwieja T, Schneider DJ, Tam VC, Chancey ST, Shan L, Jamir Y, Schechter LM, Janes MD, Buell CR, Tang X, Collmer A, Alfano JR (2002).
738:
has not been well-studied, but the bacteria are thought to use chemical signals released by the plant to find their host and cause infection.
5474:
4045:
Torto-Alalibo, T.; Collmer, C. W.; Gwinn-Giglio, M.; Lindeberg, M.; Meng, S.; Chibucos, M. C.; Tseng, T.-T.; Lomax, J.; et al. (2010).
3887:
Baltrus, David; Nishimura, Marc; Dougherty, Kevin; Biswas, Surojit; Mukhtar, M. Shahid; Vicente, Joana; Holub, Eric; Jeffery, Dangl (2012).
2074:, whose fragments serve as main PAMPs required for tomato PTI. By comparing plants within the same line that have been infected with either
391:
does not form a monophyletic species in the strict sense, but a wider evolutionary group that also included other species as well, such as
3988:"An extensive repertoire of type III secretion effectors in Escherichia coli O157 and the role of lambdoid phages in their dissemination"
2314:
Anzai, Y; Kim, H; Park, JY; Wakabayashi, H; Oyaizu, H (2000). "Phylogenetic affiliation of the pseudomonads based on 16S rRNA sequence".
4399:
Wang, Yan; Tyler, Brett M.; Wang, Yuanchao (8 September 2019). "Defense and
Counterdefense During Plant-Pathogenic Oomycete Infection".
3412:
Cazorla, Francisco M.; Arrebola, Eva; Sesma, Ane; Pérez-García, Alejandro; Codina, Juan C.; Murillo, Jesús; de
Vicente, Antonio (2002).
1021:
Strict hygiene practices used in orchards along with pruning in early spring and summer were proven to make the trees more resistant to
3383:
Fall, Ray; Wolber, Paul K. (1995). "Biochemistry of
Bacterial Ice Nuclei". In Lee, Richard E.; Warren, Gareth J.; Gusta, L. V. (eds.).
3115:
Groen, Simon C.; Humphrey, Parris T.; Chevasco, Daniela; Ausubel, Frederick M.; Pierce, Naomi E.; Whiteman, Noah K. (1 January 2016).
2722:
1895:
5409:
3031:
625:
of the strains of this group ranged between 4973 and 6026 (average: 5465) and between 58 and 59.3% (average: 58.6%), respectively.
5448:
1926:
1018:
This "ammonium syndrome" causes nutrient imbalances in the plant and therefore triggers a defense response against the pathogen.
565:
347:
1513:, although as a result of DNA-relatedness studies, it has been instated as a new species. It has three host-specific pathovars:
4284:
Weigel, Detlef; Nordborg, Magnus (23 November 2015). "Population
Genomics for Understanding Adaptation in Wild Plant Species".
3489:
3396:
3311:
2047:
DC3000∆∆ allows researchers to study the function of PTI-candidate genes in RG-PtoR, which would otherwise be masked by ETI.
2002:
1562:
5453:
1051:
bacteria can adapt genetically to infect resistant plants, and the process for resistance breeding has to start over again.
4783:
4246:
3986:
Tobe, T.; Beatson, S. A.; Taniguchi, H.; Abe, H.; Bailey, C. M.; Fivian, A.; Younis, R.; Matthews, S.; et al. (2006).
3900:
2177:
or were killed to contain the disease. The financial consequences for growers and their suppliers were severe, as were the
918:, frost damage usually occurs between −4 and −12 °C (25 and 10 °F) as the water in plant tissue can remain in a
5537:
3862:
574:
3388:
3303:
2816:
1795:
1609:
strain 1448A, together with the ability of selected strains to cause disease on well-characterized host plants such as
1514:
582:
4833:
3858:
2151:
2082:
DC3000∆∆∆, researchers can determine if genes of interest are important to the flagellin recognition pathway of PTI.
1199:
648:
life cycle where it will multiply and spread but will not cause a disease. Once it enters the plant through a leaf's
959:
has been found in the center of hailstones, suggesting the bacterium may play a role in Earth's hydrological cycle.
3822:
1540:
1527:
4458:
4342:
3182:"Pathogens pulling the strings: Effectors manipulating salicylic acid and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in plants"
2137:
991:
by killing the bacteria while it is in the epiphyte stage on leaves, or woody parts of trees - however resistant
5479:
5348:
2844:
Kennelly, Megan M.; Cazorla, Francisco M.; de
Vicente, Antonio; Ramos, Cayo; Sundin, George W. (January 2007).
1625:
has come to represent an important model system for experimental characterization of the molecular dynamics of
536:
has come to represent an important model system for experimental characterization of the molecular dynamics of
3747:
2428:
Synthetase Genes Encode Twenty-Two
Modules Involved in the Nonribosomal Peptide Synthesis of Syringopeptin by
1025:
Cauterizing cankers found on orchard trees can save the tree's life by stopping the infection from spreading.
172:
4401:
2013:, which is purposeful death of host tissue to prevent the spread of infection. Two key effectors secreted by
167:
1998:
945:
on the surface of the bacteria, where the proteins act as nuclei for ice formation. Artificial strains of
926:
can cause water to freeze at temperatures as high as −1.8 °C (28.8 °F), but strains causing ice
516:
strains and the ability of selected strains to cause disease on well-characterized host plants, including
4047:"Unifying Themes in Microbial Associations with Animal and Plant Hosts Described Using the Gene Ontology"
2646:
2006:
1284:
759:
53:
5022:
4467:
4410:
4351:
4295:
3252:
2066:
DC3000∆∆, this strain does not express AvrPto and AvrPtoB, but it also has an additional knock-out for
1715:
696:
pathogenicity can be separated into several categories: ability to invade a plant, ability to overcome
537:
1941:
455:
5532:
5489:
5013:
4286:
3888:
3243:
3241:
Yang, Meng; Ismayil, Asigul; Liu, Yule (29 September 2020). "Autophagy in Plant-Virus Interactions".
3186:
3076:
Ichinose, Yuki; Taguchi, Fumiko; Mukaihara, Takafumi (2013). "Pathogenicity and virulence factors of
1755:
1626:
1100:
497:
470:. Recent evidence has suggested the species plays a larger role than previously thought in producing
467:
2802:"Biotechnology in agriculture: an analysis of selected technologies and policy in the United States"
2369:
Nikolaidis, Marios; Mossialos, Dimitris; Oliver, Stephen G.; Amoutzias, Grigorios D. (August 2020).
5522:
1032:
942:
509:
463:
5291:
2010:
1935:
1130:
872:
609:
Based on a comparative genomic and phylogenomic analysis of 494 complete genomes from the entire
2200:
1908:
810:
after production, reducing concentrations and thus reducing the immunity it provides the plant.
5440:
5310:
1708:
1566:
1497:
1194:
346:, all of which are available to researchers from international culture collections such as the
4624:
DC3000: A Model Pathogen for Probing Disease Susceptibility and Hormone Signaling in Plants".
2017:
DC3000 are AvrPto and AvrPtoB, which initiate ETI by binding the Pto/Prf receptor complex in
1790:
DC3000 with effectors from other pathogens have led to the identification of many R-genes in
1617:
1124:
1112:
1106:
876:
524:
496:
pathogenesis is dependent on effector proteins secreted into the plant cell by the bacterial
138:
1990:
DC3000 and its pathovars is a powerful system for understanding plant-microbe interactions.
5383:
4671:
4522:
4186:
4115:
3999:
3260:
2726:
2496:
1967:
1774:
recognition identified using this model can be attributed to recognition of the introduced
1674:
1611:
1258:
1088:
577:
with D.C. Arny and C. Upper found a bacterium in the dried leaf powder in the early 1970s.
518:
422:
4568:
Schwizer S, Kraus CM, Dunham DM, Zheng Y, Fernandez-Pozo N, Pombo MA, et al. (2017).
2597:
508:. Type III effectors contribute to pathogenesis chiefly through their role in suppressing
8:
5243:
Lavín, José L; Kiil, Kristoffer; Resano, Ohiana; Ussery, David W; Oguiza, José A (2007).
3818:
2612:
2086:
1646:
1402:
1174:
915:
85:
5136:
5030:
4675:
4637:
4526:
4475:
4418:
4360:
4337:
4303:
4190:
4119:
4094:
Buell CR, Joardar V, Lindeberg M, Selengut J, Paulsen IT, Gwinn ML, et al. (2003).
4003:
2963:
2500:
1014:) nutrition to tomato plants can cause a metabolic change leading to resistance against
185:
5275:
5244:
5221:
5208:
5167:
5060:
5047:
5008:
4984:
4949:
4922:
4895:
4751:
4695:
4438:
4381:
4338:"RPS5-Mediated Disease Resistance: Fundamental Insights and Translational Applications"
4071:
4046:
4022:
3987:
3963:
3938:
3796:
3652:
Gardan, L.; Shafik, H.; Belouin, S.; Broch, R.; Grimont, F.; Grimont, P. A. D. (1999).
3626:
3583:
3534:
3476:, Developments in Plant Pathology, vol. 9, Springer Netherlands, pp. 575–83,
3280:
3218:
3181:
3157:
3116:
3097:
2777:
2744:
2698:
2673:
2642:
2195:
1549:
1118:
1094:
950:
822:
which injure the plant and can suppress the host immune system. One such phytotoxin is
762:
594:
414:
48:
4851:"Natural variation for unusual host responses and flagellin mediated immunity against
4738:
4717:
4209:
4162:
4138:
4095:
3465:
Bashan, Yoav (1997), "Alternative Strategies for Controlling Plant Diseases Caused by
3357:
3328:
2570:
2541:
2517:
2476:
1762:
genes from other bacterial pathogens, and furthermore, because none of the endogenous
5370:
5280:
5225:
5213:
5195:
5148:
5140:
5064:
5052:
5034:
4989:
4927:
4876:
4829:
4802:
4743:
4687:
4641:
4598:
4550:
4545:
4506:
4487:
4479:
4442:
4430:
4422:
4385:
4373:
4365:
4315:
4307:
4263:
4214:
4143:
4076:
4027:
3968:
3954:
3919:
3788:
3687:
3631:
3613:
3538:
3526:
3485:
3447:
3439:
3392:
3362:
3307:
3284:
3272:
3264:
3223:
3205:
3162:
3144:
3012:
3007:
2978:
2928:
2879:
2871:
2782:
2764:
2703:
2689:
2575:
2522:
2457:
2331:
2296:
1730:. The gene-for-gene relationship describes the recognition of pathogenic avirulence (
1670:
1238:
787:
193:
5466:
4948:
Kvitko BH, Park DH, Velasquez AC, Wei CF, Russell A, Martin GB, et al. (2009).
4755:
3800:
3503:
3405:
3101:
5375:
5270:
5260:
5203:
5187:
5132:
5099:
5042:
5026:
4979:
4969:
4958:
DC3000 type III secretion effector genes reveal functional overlap among effectors"
4917:
4907:
4866:
4792:
4733:
4699:
4679:
4633:
4588:
4540:
4530:
4471:
4414:
4355:
4299:
4255:
4233:
4204:
4194:
4133:
4123:
4066:
4058:
4017:
4007:
3958:
3950:
3909:
3778:
3770:
3677:
3621:
3603:
3518:
3477:
3429:
3352:
3344:
3256:
3213:
3195:
3152:
3140:
3136:
3089:
3047:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2959:
2918:
2861:
2772:
2756:
2740:
2693:
2685:
2565:
2557:
2512:
2504:
2447:
2394:
2323:
2286:
2190:
2178:
1982:
DC3000, making it resistant to the bacteria. Studying the interactions between the
1361:
980:
976:
755:
722:
578:
483:
376:
105:
3608:
3481:
3348:
2561:
2508:
4974:
3844:
Bennett, J. Michael; Hicks, Dale R.; Naeve, Seth L.; Bennett, Nancy Bush (2014).
3131:. plant-reprogramming insects: from effector molecules to ecosystem engineering.
2039:
DC3000∆∆), which expresses neither AvrPto nor AvrPtoB. By infecting RG-PtoR with
1303:
697:
339:
95:
3522:
3434:
3413:
3032:"Control of Storage Rots on Various Pear Cultivars with a Saprophytic Strain of
700:, biofilm formation, and production of proteins with ice-nucleating properties.
32:
5191:
4912:
2452:
2415:
2327:
2154:
has suffered catastrophic losses since their first known outbreak in 2007 from
1994:
1028:
984:
895:
891:
180:
75:
4894:
Rosli HG, Zheng Y, Pombo MA, Zhong S, Bombarely A, Fei Z, et al. (2013).
4849:
Roberts R, Mainiero S, Powell AF, Liu AE, Shi K, Hind SR, et al. (2019).
4779:
DC3000 Does Not Elicit Pto-Mediated Resistance and Is Less Virulent on Tomato"
4593:
3682:
3653:
3093:
2897:
Jeong, R.-D.; Chu, E.-H.; Lee, G.W.; Park, J.M.; Park, H.-J. (24 March 2016).
941:(ice nucleation-active) genes that make INA proteins which translocate to the
911:
5516:
5333:
5199:
5144:
5038:
4483:
4426:
4369:
4311:
3617:
3443:
3268:
3209:
3148:
2932:
2875:
2768:
2477:"Characterization of Pyoverdin(pss), the Fluorescent Siderophore Produced by
1421:
1218:
1055:
899:
polysaccharides and DNA to create a protective environment in which to grow.
680:
when conditions are not favourable for disease. Some saprotrophic strains of
573:
phenomenon baffled scientists until graduate student Steven E. Lindow of the
328:
5265:
4128:
4012:
3914:
203:
5284:
5217:
5152:
5056:
4993:
4931:
4880:
4806:
4747:
4722:
effector proteins interact with the Pto kinase and activate plant immunity"
4691:
4645:
4602:
4535:
4491:
4434:
4377:
4319:
4218:
4199:
4147:
4080:
4031:
3972:
3923:
3792:
3774:
3691:
3635:
3530:
3451:
3276:
3227:
3166:
3016:
2923:
2898:
2883:
2786:
2707:
2526:
2461:
2335:
2300:
1151:
996:
919:
677:
434:
418:
5088: : chemical control, resistance mechanisms and possible alternatives"
4554:
4511:
resistance gene in tomato by using random primers and near-isogenic lines"
4267:
4062:
3366:
3180:
Bauters, Lander; Stojilković, Boris; Gheysen, Godelieve (19 August 2021).
2579:
2414:
Scholz-Schroeder, Brenda K.; Soule, Jonathan D.; Gross, Dennis C. (2003).
2120:
has impacted many crop and orchard industries with its various pathovars.
433:. Many, but not all, strains secrete the lipodepsinonapeptide plant toxin
5422:
5342:
4797:
4770:
4044:
3854:
2760:
2291:
2270:
1971:). However, the tomato cultivar Rio Grande-PtoR (RG-PtoR), harboring the
972:
894:
which allow it to adhere to the surface of plant cells. It also releases
819:
792:
727:
442:
362:
342:, it can infect a wide range of species, and exists as over 50 different
160:
115:
4683:
4259:
3584:"Combined Application of Bacteriophages and Carvacrol in the Control of
2946:
Hirano, S S; Upper, C D (1990). "Population Biology and Epidemiology of
1934:
is not directly an immunity gene, but by helping move external material
910:—more than any mineral or other organism—is responsible for the surface
5414:
5362:
3051:
2866:
2845:
1079:
971:
from a field. The most common way to control this pathogen is to spray
927:
823:
673:
622:
487:
198:
5427:
5245:"Comparative genomic analysis of two-component regulatory proteins in
5104:
5079:
4871:
4850:
4826:
Effectors AvrPto and AvrPtoB". Effectors in Plant–Microbe Interactions
4609:
3783:
3200:
2399:
2370:
551:
5396:
4096:"The complete genome sequence of the Arabidopsis and tomato pathogen
2071:
1453:
1380:
1170:
1059:
864:
713:
543:
479:
445:
331:
5304:
5009:"Transposon Insertion Sequencing, a Global Measure of Gene Function"
4711:
4709:
3748:"Isolation and partial characterization of bacteriophages infecting
3469:", in Rudolph, K.; Burr, T. J.; Mansfield, J. W.; Stead, D. (eds.),
5401:
5327:
4943:
4941:
4160:
3708:
2850:
Diseases of Fruit Trees: Progress Toward Understanding and Control"
2650:
2630:
2375:
Major Evolutionary Groups Reveals Species-Specific Adaptations for
2001:
on the cell surface bind to pathogen-associated molecular patterns
1688:
1536:
1523:
1063:
1007:
868:
807:
641:
637:
367:
343:
335:
65:
3745:
2368:
2231:
2005:. The other branch of plant immunity, effector-triggered immunity
5357:
4706:
3889:"The Molecular Basis of Host Specialization in Bean Pathovars of
2316:
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology
1938:
is indirectly related, and some mutants increase susceptibility.
1441:
1341:
1277:
1067:
649:
426:
5388:
4938:
3411:
2089:-induced tomato knockout mutants (in a RG-PtoR background) with
871:. Liu et al. 2005 finds this to be the only alternative to mass
383:
A phylogenomic analysis of 494 complete genomes from the entire
5165:
3886:
3121:
enhances herbivory by suppressing the reactive oxygen burst in
2733:
2674:"Top 10 plant pathogenic bacteria in molecular plant pathology"
2141:
1972:
1735:
1472:
1447:
849:
798:
597:. He was later successful at producing the ice-minus strain of
569:
529:
512:. Owing to early availability of the genome sequence for three
4887:
4561:
2843:
2745:"Bacterial Ice Nucleation: A Factor in Frost Injury to Plants"
684:
have been used as biocontrol agents against postharvest rots.
437:, and it owes its yellow fluorescent appearance when cultured
4093:
3326:
2755:(4). American Society of Plant Biologists (ASPB): 1084–1089.
2166:
1384:
731:
717:
621:
group comprised 2944 proteins, whereas the protein count and
3327:
Maki, LR; Galyan, EL; Chang-Chien, MM; Caldwell, DR (1974).
3114:
500:. Nearly 60 different type III effector families encoded by
2165:
Between 2010 and 2012 over 2,000 hectares (4,900 acres) of
855:
475:
471:
430:
4822:"Suppression and Activation of the Plant Immune System by
4657:
4655:
3418:
Strains Isolated from Mango Is Encoded Mainly by Plasmids"
2623:
2413:
1134:). According to this schema, the remaining pathovars are:
3179:
2613:"From Trees and Grass, Bacteria That Cause Snow and Rain"
2598:"Bacteria-rich hailstones add to 'bioprecipitation' idea"
1572:
1003:
but is less common than the methods listed above.
967:
Currently there is not a 100% effective way to eradicate
636:
overwinters on infected plant tissues such as regions of
290:(Prunier, Luisetti &. Gardan) Young, Dye & Wilkie
4848:
4762:
4567:
4455:
3843:
3725:
European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization
3651:
3075:
3029:
2248:
European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization
1997:, is activated when plant pattern recognition receptors
1796:
further advance knowledge of plant pathogen interactions
5176:: Ecology, Infection Dynamics and Disease Epidemiology"
4652:
4336:
Pottinger, Sarah E.; Innes, Roger W. (25 August 2020).
4331:
4329:
4279:
4277:
4163:"Genomewide identification of proteins secreted by the
3985:
2743:; Arny, Deane C.; Upper, Christen D. (1 October 1982).
2313:
672:
Although it is a plant pathogen, it can also live as a
5186:(1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 81–102.
5007:
van Opijnen, Tim; Levin, Henry L. (23 November 2020).
4947:
4813:
4504:
3575:
2371:"Comparative Analysis of the Core Proteomes among the
773:
gene cluster, coding for the Hrp secretion apparatus.
5242:
4842:
4662:
Jones JD, Dangl J (2006). "The plant immune system".
2027:
DC3000 has been modified to create the mutant strain
730:
that the pathogen can take advantage of. The role of
4893:
4326:
4274:
2136:
Mesarich et al. 2017 provides several libraries for
1718:
have been identified using the two model organisms,
1580:
Owing to early availability of genome sequences for
1505:, and in many places continues to be referred to as
1039:
It has been successful in the cherry rootstock with
4231:
2353:. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins. pp. 141–99.
1949:
strain DC3000, its derivatives, and its tomato host
1555:
999:and organic bactericides is another way to control
5000:
3173:
4449:
2979:"Bacteria in the Leaf Ecosystem with Emphasis on
5514:
5006:
3837:
3670:International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology
2209:National Collection of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria
1501:was once considered a pathovar or subspecies of
5077:
4392:
3992:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
3234:
3071:
3069:
3067:
3065:
3063:
3061:
2896:
2739:
995:strains do exist. Spraying antibiotics such as
914:exposed to the environment. For plants without
555:Tomato plant leaf infected with bacterial speck
4335:
4283:
3385:Biological Ice Nucleation and Its Applications
3300:Biological Ice Nucleation and Its Applications
3240:
2591:
2589:
2275:: enterprising epiphyte and stealthy parasite"
2226:
2224:
687:
4507:"Rapid identification of markers linked to a
4398:
3756:, causal agent of kiwifruit bacterial canker"
3647:
3645:
3581:
2268:
741:
601:through recombinant DNA technology, as well.
547:Bacterial speck on tomato in Upstate New York
486:. These INA proteins are also used in making
4715:
4505:Martin GB, Williams JG, Tanksley SD (1991).
4154:
4087:
3739:
3058:
2970:
902:
593:in ice nucleation and in 1977, discover the
478:. They have also been found in the cores of
5159:
5078:Cameron, A.; Sarojini, V. (February 2014).
3880:
3703:
3701:
3561:Pacific Northwest Pest Management Handbooks
3378:
3376:
3297:
2976:
2945:
2586:
2468:
2407:
2221:
1035:is another somewhat effective way to avoid
703:
4661:
4615:
4498:
4051:Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews
3642:
3382:
2987:Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews
953:have been created to reduce frost damage.
31:
5274:
5264:
5207:
5103:
5046:
4983:
4973:
4921:
4911:
4870:
4855:in genetically diverse tomato accessions"
4796:
4768:
4737:
4592:
4544:
4534:
4359:
4208:
4198:
4137:
4127:
4070:
4021:
4011:
3962:
3936:
3913:
3782:
3681:
3625:
3607:
3433:
3356:
3217:
3199:
3156:
3006:
2983:---a Pathogen, Ice Nucleus, and Epiphyte"
2922:
2865:
2776:
2697:
2671:
2569:
2516:
2474:
2451:
2398:
2348:
2290:
2169:kiwifruit orchards either were killed by
374:group. It is named after the lilac tree (
5118:
3698:
3654:"DNA relatedness among the pathovars of
3373:
2349:Kreig, N. R.; Holt, J. G., eds. (1984).
1082:, incorporation of several pathovars of
550:
542:
441:on King's B medium to production of the
2720:
2610:
2125:
2021:-expressing tomato lines like RG-PtoR.
1978:, recognizes key effectors secreted by
726:, which creates holes in leaves during
5528:Bacterial plant pathogens and diseases
5515:
5300:– the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase
4819:
3464:
3261:10.1146/annurev-virology-010220-054709
2595:
2489:Applied and Environmental Microbiology
1563:pathogen-associated molecular patterns
462:has been implicated as an atmospheric
5309:
5308:
4167:type III protein secretion system of
2839:
2837:
2799:
2351:Bergey's Manual of Systematic Biology
1746:DC3000 is a useful tool for studying
1086:into other species was proposed (see
1062:shows promise in control of both the
380:), from which it was first isolated.
5490:caa46401-76ac-468c-86b6-1d5a030bb666
4784:Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions
4581:Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions
4247:Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions
3901:Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions
3666:sp. nov. (ex Sutic and Dowson 1959)"
3428:(8). Scientific Societies: 909–916.
2977:Hirano, S. S.; Upper, C. D. (2000).
2809:Reproductive and Genetic Engineering
2539:
2440:Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions
2364:
2362:
2360:
2050:Another useful DC3000 derivative is
1904:RESISTANCE TO PSEUDOMONAS SYRINGAE 5
882:
466:, with airborne bacteria serving as
456:ice nucleation active (INA) proteins
370:analysis, it has been placed in the
5137:10.1146/annurev-phyto-080516-035530
5121:Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae
5031:10.1146/annurev-genet-112618-043838
4638:10.1146/annurev-phyto-082712-102321
4476:10.1146/annurev-phyto-080614-120347
4419:10.1146/annurev-micro-020518-120022
4361:10.1146/annurev-phyto-010820-012733
4304:10.1146/annurev-genet-120213-092110
3815:"Bleeding Canker of Horse Chestnut"
2964:10.1146/annurev.py.28.090190.001103
1569:between the pathogen and the host.
1006:New research has shown that adding
796:2-hydroxyisoflavanone dehydratase (
13:
4716:Kim YJ, Lin NC, Martin GB (2002).
3389:American Phytopathological Society
3304:American Phytopathological Society
2834:
2723:"Recombinant DNA to Protect Crops"
1661:As mentioned above, the genome of
712:is able to enter plants using its
583:University of California, Berkeley
14:
5549:
5236:
3859:University of Minnesota Extension
3030:Janisiewicz WJ, Marchi A (1992).
2357:
2152:kiwifruit industry in New Zealand
581:, now a plant pathologist at the
4950:"Deletions in the repertoire of
3955:10.1111/j.1364-3703.2009.00576.x
3847:The Minnesota Soybean Field Book
2899:"Effect of gamma irradiation on
2690:10.1111/j.1364-3703.2012.00804.x
2269:Arnold, DL; Preston, GM (2019).
1556:Determinants of host specificity
776:
760:type III secretion system (T3SS)
628:
421:activity, and forms the polymer
52:
5125:Annual Review of Phytopathology
5112:
5071:
4459:Annual Review of Phytopathology
4343:Annual Review of Phytopathology
4225:
4038:
3979:
3930:
3807:
3545:
3497:
3474:Pathovars and Related Pathogens
3458:
3320:
3291:
3108:
3023:
2952:Annual Review of Phytopathology
2939:
2890:
2793:
2714:
2665:
2604:
2138:transposon insertion sequencing
1965:DC3000) is virulent to tomato (
987:are used to stop the spread of
659:
575:University of Wisconsin–Madison
3141:10.1016/j.jinsphys.2015.07.011
2999:10.1128/MMBR.64.3.624-653.2000
2540:Maki, Leroy (September 1974).
2533:
2342:
2307:
2262:
1936:into the intracellular network
813:
566:U.S. Department of Agriculture
504:genes have been identified in
1:
4771:"An avrPto/avrPtoB Mutant of
4739:10.1016/S0092-8674(02)00743-2
4402:Annual Review of Microbiology
3609:10.3390/microorganisms8060837
3592:Planktonic and Biofilm Forms"
3482:10.1007/978-94-011-5472-7_105
3349:10.1128/AEM.28.3.456-459.1974
2907:DC3000 – short communication"
2596:Palmer, Jason (25 May 2011).
2562:10.1128/AEM.28.3.456-459.1974
2509:10.1128/AEM.53.5.928-934.1987
2214:
2112:
1986:-expressing tomato lines and
962:
4975:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000388
4179:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A
4108:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A
3861:. p. 84. Archived from
3129:Journal of Insect Physiology
2721:Parrott, Carolyn C. (1993).
2611:Robbins, Jim (24 May 2010).
2475:Cody, YS; Gross, DC (1987).
1073:
839:
746:
7:
4616:Xiu-Fang X, He SY (2013). "
3937:Mansfield, John W. (2009).
3717:(PSDMAK)[Overview]"
3523:10.1016/j.jplph.2019.05.009
3511:Journal of Plant Physiology
3435:10.1094/phyto.2002.92.8.909
3329:"Ice nucleation induced by
2800:Hynes, H. Patricia (1989).
2647:National Science Foundation
2639:Genome Resources Home Page"
2542:"Ice Nucleation Induced by
2240:(PSDMPE)[Overview]"
2184:
1817:R-genes that recognize them
1716:gene-for-gene relationships
1627:plant-pathogen interactions
1285:bacterial blight of soybean
1054:A combination treatment of
818:The pathogens also produce
688:Mechanisms of pathogenicity
604:
564:In 1961, Paul Hoppe of the
538:plant-pathogen interactions
10:
5554:
5538:Bacteria described in 1904
5192:10.1007/s00248-019-01459-8
4913:10.1186/gb-2013-14-12-r139
2815:(1): 39–49. Archived from
2453:10.1094/MPMI.2003.16.4.271
2328:10.1099/00207713-50-4-1563
1923:Dynamin-related protein 2b
1256:attacks the kohekohe tree
754:isolates carry a range of
742:Overcoming host resistance
589:, investigate the role of
559:
5317:
5014:Annual Review of Genetics
4769:Lin N, Martin GB (2005).
4594:10.1094/MPMI-03-17-0056-R
4287:Annual Review of Genetics
3943:Molecular Plant Pathology
3683:10.1099/00207713-49-2-469
3244:Annual Review of Virology
3187:Molecular Plant Pathology
3094:10.1007/s10327-013-0452-8
2678:Molecular Plant Pathology
1750:: R-gene interactions in
1699:DC3000 is able to infect
903:Ice-nucleating properties
790:which interfere with the
498:type III secretion system
468:cloud condensation nuclei
360:is a member of the genus
216:
211:
166:
159:
144:
137:
49:Scientific classification
47:
39:
30:
23:
2911:Plant Protection Science
2672:Mansfield, John (2012).
2381:Pseudomonas chlororaphis
1782:. The transformation of
943:outer bacterial membrane
704:Ability to invade plants
464:biological ice nucleator
5266:10.1186/1471-2164-8-397
4129:10.1073/pnas.1731982100
4013:10.1073/pnas.0604891103
3915:10.1094/mpmi-08-11-0218
3387:. St. Paul, Minnesota:
3302:. St. Paul, Minnesota:
1766:genes is recognized by
1192:attacks horse chestnut
867:upon detection of this
595:mutant ice-minus strain
4626:Annu. Rev. Phytopathol
4536:10.1073/pnas.88.6.2336
4200:10.1073/pnas.112183899
3775:10.1002/jobm.201300951
3414:"Copper Resistance in
2377:Pseudomonas aeruginosa
1953:As its name suggests,
1691:against it - that is,
1567:evolutionary arms race
1498:Pseudomonas savastanoi
1483:, including pathovars
1195:Aesculus hippocastanum
912:frost damage in plants
556:
548:
4515:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci
4063:10.1128/MMBR.00017-10
3664:Pseudomonas cannabina
2729:on 18 September 2012.
2635:-Plant Interaction –
2179:economic consequences
1618:Nicotiana benthamiana
1016:Pseudomonas syringae.
877:programmed cell death
863:. Hosts respond with
826:, found in pathovars
554:
546:
525:Nicotiana benthamiana
5500:pseudomonas-syringae
5467:pseudomonas-syringae
5349:Pseudomonas syringae
5319:Pseudomonas syringae
5294:Pseudomonas syringae
5247:Pseudomonas syringae
5170:Pseudomonas syringae
5082:Pseudomonas syringae
4952:Pseudomonas syringae
4853:Pseudomonas syringae
4824:Pseudomonas syringae
4798:10.1094/MPMI-18-0043
4773:Pseudomonas syringae
4618:Pseudomonas syringae
4572:Pseudomonas syringae
4238:Pseudomonas syringae
4169:Pseudomonas syringae
4098:Pseudomonas syringae
3891:Pseudomonas syringae
3868:on 30 September 2013
3750:Pseudomonas syringae
3711:Pseudomonas syringae
3656:Pseudomonas syringae
3586:Pseudomonas syringae
3553:"Diseases Caused by
3507:Pseudomonas syringae
3472:Pseudomonas Syringae
3467:Pseudomonas syringae
3416:Pseudomonas syringae
3337:Applied Microbiology
3331:Pseudomonas syringae
3119:Pseudomonas syringae
3078:Pseudomonas syringae
3034:Pseudomonas syringae
2981:Pseudomonas syringae
2948:Pseudomonas Syringae
2924:10.17221/68/2015-pps
2901:Pseudomonas syringae
2848:Pseudomonas syringae
2761:10.1104/pp.70.4.1084
2637:Pseudomonas syringae
2550:Applied Microbiology
2544:Pseudomonas syringae
2479:Pseudomonas syringae
2430:Pseudomonas syringae
2292:10.1099/mic.0.000715
2273:Pseudomonas syringae
2234:Pseudomonas syringae
2118:Pseudomonas syringae
2107:∆avrPto∆avrPtoB∆fliC
2070:, the gene encoding
2056:∆avrPto∆avrPtoB∆fliC
1968:Solanum lycopersicum
1943:Pseudomonas syringae
1910:Arabidopsis thaliana
1656:Arabidopsis thaliana
1648:Pseudomonas syringae
1612:Arabidopsis thaliana
1574:Pseudomonas syringae
1403:halo blight of beans
1259:Dysoxylum spectabile
1041:Pseudomonas syringae
957:Pseudomonas syringae
935:Pseudomonas syringae
908:Pseudomonas syringae
888:Pseudomonas syringae
752:Pseudomonas syringae
634:Pseudomonas syringae
519:Arabidopsis thaliana
494:Pseudomonas syringae
452:Pseudomonas syringae
415:arginine dihydrolase
411:Pseudomonas syringae
358:Pseudomonas syringae
324:Pseudomonas syringae
148:Pseudomonas syringae
42:Pseudomonas syringae
25:Pseudomonas syringae
16:Species of bacterium
4828:. pp. 123–54.
4684:10.1038/nature05281
4676:2006Natur.444..391Y
4527:1991PNAS...88.2336M
4260:10.1094/mpmi-9-0055
4191:2002PNAS...99.7652P
4120:2003PNAS..10010181B
4004:2006PNAS..10314941T
3825:on 17 December 2010
3819:Forestry Commission
3658:and description of
3602:(6). MDPI AG: 837.
3563:. 10 September 2015
3555:Pseudomonas syringe
3509:in tomato plants".
2501:1987ApEnM..53..928C
1175:Actinidia deliciosa
916:antifreeze proteins
664:Diseases caused by
413:tests negative for
86:Gammaproteobacteria
4820:Martin GB (2011).
3763:J. Basic Microbiol
3727:). 7 February 2008
3660:Pseudomonas tremae
3391:. pp. 63–83.
3306:. pp. 41–61.
3082:J Gen Plant Pathol
3052:10.1094/pd-76-0555
2867:10.1094/PD-91-0004
2822:on 4 December 2014
2653:. 3 September 2010
2643:Cornell University
2617:The New York Times
2250:). 28 January 2001
2196:Ice-minus bacteria
1754:because it can be
1726:strain DC3000 and
1711:to this pathogen.
1654:strain DC3000 and
1601:strain B728a, and
1359:attacks crabapple
951:ice-minus bacteria
847:DC3000 produces a
788:type III effectors
692:The mechanisms of
557:
549:
387:genus showed that
5510:
5509:
5311:Taxon identifiers
5180:Microbial Ecology
5105:10.1111/ppa.12066
4872:10.1111/nph.15788
3491:978-94-010-6301-2
3398:978-0-89054-172-2
3313:978-0-89054-172-2
3201:10.1111/mpp.13123
3194:(11): 1436–1448.
2741:Lindow, Steven E.
2400:10.3390/d12080289
2062:DC3000∆∆∆). Like
1918:
1917:
1576:as a model system
1323:Triticum aestivum
1239:Triticum aestivum
1080:ribotype analysis
883:Biofilm formation
763:effector proteins
756:virulence factors
327:is a rod-shaped,
320:
319:
291:
5545:
5533:Soybean diseases
5503:
5502:
5493:
5492:
5483:
5482:
5470:
5469:
5457:
5456:
5444:
5443:
5431:
5430:
5418:
5417:
5405:
5404:
5392:
5391:
5379:
5378:
5366:
5365:
5353:
5352:
5351:
5338:
5337:
5336:
5306:
5305:
5288:
5278:
5268:
5230:
5229:
5211:
5163:
5157:
5156:
5116:
5110:
5109:
5107:
5075:
5069:
5068:
5050:
5004:
4998:
4997:
4987:
4977:
4945:
4936:
4935:
4925:
4915:
4891:
4885:
4884:
4874:
4846:
4840:
4839:
4817:
4811:
4810:
4800:
4766:
4760:
4759:
4741:
4713:
4704:
4703:
4670:(7117): 323–29.
4659:
4650:
4649:
4613:
4607:
4606:
4596:
4578:
4565:
4559:
4558:
4548:
4538:
4502:
4496:
4495:
4453:
4447:
4446:
4396:
4390:
4389:
4363:
4333:
4324:
4323:
4281:
4272:
4271:
4229:
4223:
4222:
4212:
4202:
4158:
4152:
4151:
4141:
4131:
4114:(18): 10181–86.
4091:
4085:
4084:
4074:
4042:
4036:
4035:
4025:
4015:
3983:
3977:
3976:
3966:
3934:
3928:
3927:
3917:
3897:
3884:
3878:
3877:
3875:
3873:
3867:
3852:
3841:
3835:
3834:
3832:
3830:
3821:. Archived from
3811:
3805:
3804:
3786:
3760:
3743:
3737:
3736:
3734:
3732:
3705:
3696:
3695:
3685:
3649:
3640:
3639:
3629:
3611:
3579:
3573:
3572:
3570:
3568:
3549:
3543:
3542:
3501:
3495:
3494:
3462:
3456:
3455:
3437:
3409:
3403:
3402:
3380:
3371:
3370:
3360:
3324:
3318:
3317:
3295:
3289:
3288:
3238:
3232:
3231:
3221:
3203:
3177:
3171:
3170:
3160:
3112:
3106:
3105:
3073:
3056:
3055:
3027:
3021:
3020:
3010:
2974:
2968:
2967:
2943:
2937:
2936:
2926:
2894:
2888:
2887:
2869:
2841:
2832:
2831:
2829:
2827:
2821:
2806:
2797:
2791:
2790:
2780:
2749:Plant Physiology
2737:
2731:
2730:
2725:. Archived from
2718:
2712:
2711:
2701:
2669:
2663:
2662:
2660:
2658:
2627:
2621:
2620:
2608:
2602:
2601:
2593:
2584:
2583:
2573:
2537:
2531:
2530:
2520:
2472:
2466:
2465:
2455:
2411:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2366:
2355:
2354:
2346:
2340:
2339:
2311:
2305:
2304:
2294:
2266:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2255:
2228:
2191:Bioprecipitation
1801:
1800:
1736:resistance genes
1734:) genes by host
1669:DC3000 has been
1592:
1591:
1470:
1469:
1438:
1437:
1418:
1417:
1400:
1399:
1378:
1377:
1362:Malus sylvestris
1358:
1357:
1338:
1337:
1320:
1319:
1300:
1299:
1275:
1274:
1255:
1254:
1235:
1234:
1215:
1214:
1191:
1190:
1168:
1167:
1148:
1147:
1101:P. coronafaciens
981:copper hydroxide
875:leading to mass
873:hypersensitivity
785:
784:
723:Scaptomyza flava
579:Steven E. Lindow
484:bioprecipitation
377:Syringa vulgaris
289:
150:
130:P. syringae
106:Pseudomonadaceae
57:
56:
35:
21:
20:
5553:
5552:
5548:
5547:
5546:
5544:
5543:
5542:
5523:Pseudomonadales
5513:
5512:
5511:
5506:
5498:
5496:
5488:
5486:
5478:
5473:
5465:
5460:
5452:
5447:
5439:
5434:
5426:
5421:
5413:
5408:
5400:
5395:
5387:
5382:
5374:
5369:
5361:
5356:
5347:
5346:
5341:
5332:
5331:
5326:
5313:
5292:Type strain of
5239:
5234:
5233:
5164:
5160:
5117:
5113:
5092:Plant Pathology
5076:
5072:
5005:
5001:
4968:(4): e1000388.
4946:
4939:
4892:
4888:
4859:New Phytologist
4847:
4843:
4836:
4818:
4814:
4767:
4763:
4714:
4707:
4660:
4653:
4614:
4610:
4576:
4566:
4562:
4503:
4499:
4454:
4450:
4397:
4393:
4334:
4327:
4282:
4275:
4230:
4226:
4185:(11): 7652–57.
4159:
4155:
4092:
4088:
4043:
4039:
3998:(40): 14941–6.
3984:
3980:
3935:
3931:
3895:
3885:
3881:
3871:
3869:
3865:
3850:
3842:
3838:
3828:
3826:
3813:
3812:
3808:
3769:(11): 1210–21.
3758:
3744:
3740:
3730:
3728:
3721:Global Database
3707:
3706:
3699:
3650:
3643:
3580:
3576:
3566:
3564:
3551:
3550:
3546:
3502:
3498:
3492:
3463:
3459:
3410:
3406:
3399:
3381:
3374:
3325:
3321:
3314:
3296:
3292:
3239:
3235:
3178:
3174:
3113:
3109:
3074:
3059:
3028:
3024:
2975:
2971:
2944:
2940:
2895:
2891:
2842:
2835:
2825:
2823:
2819:
2804:
2798:
2794:
2738:
2734:
2719:
2715:
2670:
2666:
2656:
2654:
2629:
2628:
2624:
2609:
2605:
2594:
2587:
2538:
2534:
2473:
2469:
2412:
2408:
2367:
2358:
2347:
2343:
2312:
2308:
2267:
2263:
2253:
2251:
2244:Global Database
2230:
2229:
2222:
2217:
2187:
2134:
2115:
2099:∆avrPto∆avrPtoB
2033:∆avrPto∆avrPtoB
1973:resistance gene
1951:
1770:, any observed
1659:
1582:
1581:
1578:
1558:
1535:(which attacks
1461:
1460:
1429:
1428:
1409:
1408:
1391:
1390:
1369:
1368:
1349:
1348:
1329:
1328:
1311:
1310:
1304:Hordeum vulgare
1301:attacks barley
1291:
1290:
1266:
1265:
1246:
1245:
1226:
1225:
1206:
1205:
1200:bleeding canker
1182:
1181:
1159:
1158:
1139:
1138:
1076:
1029:Breeding plants
1013:
965:
905:
892:polysaccharides
885:
842:
816:
782:
781:
779:
749:
744:
706:
698:host resistance
690:
662:
631:
607:
568:studied a corn
562:
488:artificial snow
366:, and based on
308:
300:
292:
281:
273:
265:
257:
249:
241:
233:
225:
202:
197:
192:
188:
184:
179:
175:
170:
155:
152:
146:
133:
96:Pseudomonadales
51:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5551:
5541:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5508:
5507:
5505:
5504:
5494:
5484:
5471:
5458:
5445:
5432:
5419:
5406:
5393:
5380:
5367:
5354:
5339:
5323:
5321:
5315:
5314:
5303:
5302:
5289:
5238:
5237:External links
5235:
5232:
5231:
5158:
5111:
5070:
5023:Annual Reviews
4999:
4962:PLOS Pathogens
4937:
4900:Genome Biology
4886:
4841:
4834:
4812:
4761:
4732:(5): 589–598.
4718:"Two distinct
4705:
4651:
4608:
4560:
4521:(6): 2336–40.
4497:
4468:Annual Reviews
4448:
4411:Annual Reviews
4391:
4352:Annual Reviews
4325:
4296:Annual Reviews
4273:
4224:
4153:
4086:
4057:(4): 479–503.
4037:
3978:
3929:
3879:
3836:
3806:
3738:
3697:
3641:
3596:Microorganisms
3574:
3544:
3496:
3490:
3457:
3422:Phytopathology
3404:
3397:
3372:
3319:
3312:
3290:
3253:Annual Reviews
3233:
3172:
3107:
3088:(5): 285–296.
3057:
3022:
2969:
2938:
2889:
2833:
2792:
2732:
2713:
2664:
2622:
2603:
2585:
2532:
2467:
2406:
2356:
2341:
2322:(4): 1563–89.
2306:
2261:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2211:
2206:
2198:
2193:
2186:
2183:
2133:
2124:
2114:
2111:
1950:
1940:
1916:
1915:
1899:
1891:
1890:
1885:
1879:
1878:
1873:
1867:
1866:
1861:
1855:
1854:
1849:
1843:
1842:
1837:
1831:
1830:
1824:
1820:
1819:
1658:
1645:
1621:, and tomato,
1577:
1571:
1557:
1554:
1548:(which causes
1522:(which causes
1477:
1476:
1458:
1426:
1406:
1388:
1366:
1346:
1345:grass species.
1326:
1321:attacks wheat
1308:
1288:
1263:
1243:
1236:attacks wheat
1223:
1216:attacks beets
1203:
1179:
1156:
1149:attacks maple
1131:P. viridiflava
1113:'P. helianthi'
1075:
1072:
1011:
985:cupric sulfate
964:
961:
922:liquid state.
904:
901:
896:quorum sensing
884:
881:
841:
838:
815:
812:
778:
775:
748:
745:
743:
740:
705:
702:
689:
686:
661:
658:
630:
627:
606:
603:
561:
558:
454:also produces
354:, and others.
340:plant pathogen
318:
317:
214:
213:
209:
208:
164:
163:
157:
156:
154:Van Hall, 1904
153:
142:
141:
135:
134:
127:
125:
121:
120:
113:
109:
108:
103:
99:
98:
93:
89:
88:
83:
79:
78:
76:Pseudomonadota
73:
69:
68:
63:
59:
58:
45:
44:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5550:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5521:
5520:
5518:
5501:
5495:
5491:
5485:
5481:
5476:
5472:
5468:
5463:
5459:
5455:
5450:
5446:
5442:
5437:
5433:
5429:
5424:
5420:
5416:
5411:
5407:
5403:
5398:
5394:
5390:
5385:
5381:
5377:
5372:
5368:
5364:
5359:
5355:
5350:
5344:
5340:
5335:
5329:
5325:
5324:
5322:
5320:
5316:
5312:
5307:
5301:
5299:
5295:
5290:
5286:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5258:
5254:
5250:
5248:
5241:
5240:
5227:
5223:
5219:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5201:
5197:
5193:
5189:
5185:
5181:
5177:
5175:
5171:
5162:
5154:
5150:
5146:
5142:
5138:
5134:
5131:(1): 377–99.
5130:
5126:
5122:
5115:
5106:
5101:
5097:
5093:
5089:
5087:
5083:
5074:
5066:
5062:
5058:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5040:
5036:
5032:
5028:
5024:
5020:
5016:
5015:
5010:
5003:
4995:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4967:
4963:
4959:
4957:
4953:
4944:
4942:
4933:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4905:
4901:
4897:
4890:
4882:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4865:(1): 447–61.
4864:
4860:
4856:
4854:
4845:
4837:
4835:9781119949138
4831:
4827:
4823:
4816:
4808:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4790:
4786:
4785:
4780:
4778:
4774:
4765:
4757:
4753:
4749:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4731:
4727:
4723:
4721:
4712:
4710:
4701:
4697:
4693:
4689:
4685:
4681:
4677:
4673:
4669:
4665:
4658:
4656:
4647:
4643:
4639:
4635:
4631:
4627:
4623:
4619:
4612:
4604:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4587:(9): 725–38.
4586:
4582:
4575:
4573:
4564:
4556:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4528:
4524:
4520:
4516:
4512:
4510:
4501:
4493:
4489:
4485:
4481:
4477:
4473:
4469:
4465:
4461:
4460:
4452:
4444:
4440:
4436:
4432:
4428:
4424:
4420:
4416:
4412:
4408:
4404:
4403:
4395:
4387:
4383:
4379:
4375:
4371:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4353:
4349:
4345:
4344:
4339:
4332:
4330:
4321:
4317:
4313:
4309:
4305:
4301:
4297:
4293:
4289:
4288:
4280:
4278:
4269:
4265:
4261:
4257:
4253:
4249:
4248:
4243:
4239:
4235:
4234:Staskawicz B.
4228:
4220:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4192:
4188:
4184:
4180:
4176:
4174:
4170:
4166:
4157:
4149:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4121:
4117:
4113:
4109:
4105:
4103:
4099:
4090:
4082:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4064:
4060:
4056:
4052:
4048:
4041:
4033:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4005:
4001:
3997:
3993:
3989:
3982:
3974:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3956:
3952:
3949:(6): 721–34.
3948:
3944:
3940:
3933:
3925:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3908:(7): 877–88.
3907:
3903:
3902:
3894:
3892:
3883:
3864:
3860:
3856:
3849:
3848:
3840:
3824:
3820:
3816:
3810:
3802:
3798:
3794:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3776:
3772:
3768:
3764:
3757:
3755:
3751:
3742:
3726:
3722:
3718:
3716:
3712:
3704:
3702:
3693:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3676:(2): 469–78.
3675:
3671:
3667:
3665:
3662:sp. nov. and
3661:
3657:
3648:
3646:
3637:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3619:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3593:
3591:
3587:
3578:
3562:
3558:
3556:
3548:
3540:
3536:
3532:
3528:
3524:
3520:
3516:
3512:
3508:
3500:
3493:
3487:
3483:
3479:
3475:
3471:
3468:
3461:
3453:
3449:
3445:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3427:
3423:
3419:
3417:
3408:
3400:
3394:
3390:
3386:
3379:
3377:
3368:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3350:
3346:
3343:(3): 456–59.
3342:
3338:
3334:
3332:
3323:
3315:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3294:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3245:
3237:
3229:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3188:
3183:
3176:
3168:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3124:
3120:
3111:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3072:
3070:
3068:
3066:
3064:
3062:
3053:
3049:
3046:(6): 555–60.
3045:
3041:
3040:Plant Disease
3037:
3035:
3026:
3018:
3014:
3009:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2993:(3): 624–53.
2992:
2988:
2984:
2982:
2973:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2942:
2934:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2917:(2): 107–12.
2916:
2912:
2908:
2906:
2902:
2893:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2854:Plant Disease
2851:
2849:
2840:
2838:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2803:
2796:
2788:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2736:
2728:
2724:
2717:
2709:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2684:(6): 614–29.
2683:
2679:
2675:
2668:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2638:
2634:
2626:
2618:
2614:
2607:
2599:
2592:
2590:
2581:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2556:(3): 456–59.
2555:
2551:
2547:
2545:
2536:
2528:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2495:(5): 928–34.
2494:
2490:
2486:
2484:
2480:
2471:
2463:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2446:(4): 271–80.
2445:
2441:
2437:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2410:
2401:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2352:
2345:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2310:
2302:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2285:(3): 251–53.
2284:
2280:
2276:
2274:
2265:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2239:
2235:
2227:
2225:
2220:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2188:
2182:
2181:more widely.
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2163:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2148:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2132:
2128:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2110:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2083:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2048:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1991:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1974:
1970:
1969:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1948:
1944:
1939:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1928:
1924:
1913:
1911:
1906:
1905:
1900:
1898:
1897:
1893:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1880:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1868:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1828:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1803:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1712:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1677:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1644:
1641:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1619:
1614:
1613:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1590:strain DC3000
1589:
1585:
1575:
1570:
1568:
1564:
1553:
1551:
1547:
1546:
1543:
1538:
1534:
1533:
1530:
1525:
1521:
1520:
1517:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1499:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1474:
1468:
1464:
1459:
1456:
1455:
1450:
1449:
1444:
1443:
1436:
1432:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1422:Pisum sativum
1419:attacks peas
1416:
1412:
1407:
1404:
1398:
1394:
1389:
1386:
1382:
1376:
1372:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1356:
1352:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1336:
1332:
1327:
1324:
1318:
1314:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1298:
1294:
1289:
1286:
1282:
1279:
1273:
1269:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1253:
1249:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1233:
1229:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1219:Beta vulgaris
1213:
1209:
1204:
1201:
1197:
1196:
1189:
1185:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1172:
1166:
1162:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1146:
1142:
1137:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1132:
1127:
1126:
1121:
1120:
1115:
1114:
1109:
1108:
1103:
1102:
1097:
1096:
1091:
1090:
1085:
1081:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1056:bacteriophage
1052:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1024:
1019:
1017:
1009:
1004:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
960:
958:
954:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
900:
897:
893:
889:
880:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
857:
852:
851:
846:
837:
835:
833:
829:
825:
821:
811:
809:
805:
801:
800:
795:
794:
789:
777:Hop effectors
774:
772:
768:
764:
761:
757:
753:
739:
737:
733:
729:
725:
724:
719:
715:
711:
701:
699:
695:
685:
683:
679:
675:
670:
667:
657:
655:
651:
647:
646:P. syringae’s
643:
639:
635:
629:Disease cycle
626:
624:
620:
616:
612:
602:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
571:
567:
553:
545:
541:
539:
535:
531:
527:
526:
521:
520:
515:
511:
510:plant defense
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
447:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
406:
402:
398:
397:P. savastanoi
394:
390:
386:
381:
379:
378:
373:
369:
365:
364:
359:
355:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
330:
329:Gram-negative
326:
325:
316:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
215:
210:
207:
205:
200:
195:
191:
187:
182:
178:
174:
169:
165:
162:
158:
151:
149:
143:
140:
139:Binomial name
136:
132:
131:
126:
123:
122:
119:
118:
114:
111:
110:
107:
104:
101:
100:
97:
94:
91:
90:
87:
84:
81:
80:
77:
74:
71:
70:
67:
64:
61:
60:
55:
50:
46:
43:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
5318:
5297:
5293:
5256:
5253:BMC Genomics
5252:
5246:
5183:
5179:
5173:
5169:
5161:
5128:
5124:
5120:
5114:
5095:
5091:
5085:
5081:
5073:
5018:
5012:
5002:
4965:
4961:
4955:
4951:
4906:(12): R139.
4903:
4899:
4889:
4862:
4858:
4852:
4844:
4825:
4821:
4815:
4791:(1): 43–51.
4788:
4782:
4776:
4772:
4764:
4729:
4725:
4719:
4667:
4663:
4629:
4625:
4621:
4617:
4611:
4584:
4580:
4571:
4563:
4518:
4514:
4508:
4500:
4463:
4457:
4451:
4406:
4400:
4394:
4347:
4341:
4291:
4285:
4254:(1): 55–61.
4251:
4245:
4241:
4237:
4227:
4182:
4178:
4172:
4168:
4164:
4156:
4111:
4107:
4101:
4097:
4089:
4054:
4050:
4040:
3995:
3991:
3981:
3946:
3942:
3932:
3905:
3899:
3890:
3882:
3870:. Retrieved
3863:the original
3846:
3839:
3827:. Retrieved
3823:the original
3809:
3766:
3762:
3753:
3749:
3741:
3729:. Retrieved
3720:
3714:
3710:
3673:
3669:
3663:
3659:
3655:
3599:
3595:
3589:
3585:
3577:
3565:. Retrieved
3560:
3554:
3547:
3514:
3510:
3506:
3499:
3473:
3470:
3466:
3460:
3425:
3421:
3415:
3407:
3384:
3340:
3336:
3330:
3322:
3299:
3293:
3248:
3242:
3236:
3191:
3185:
3175:
3132:
3128:
3122:
3118:
3110:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3043:
3039:
3033:
3025:
2990:
2986:
2980:
2972:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2941:
2914:
2910:
2904:
2900:
2892:
2857:
2853:
2847:
2824:. Retrieved
2817:the original
2812:
2808:
2795:
2752:
2748:
2735:
2727:the original
2716:
2681:
2677:
2667:
2655:. Retrieved
2636:
2632:
2631:"PPI home –
2625:
2616:
2606:
2553:
2549:
2543:
2535:
2492:
2488:
2482:
2478:
2470:
2443:
2439:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2409:
2390:
2386:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2350:
2344:
2319:
2315:
2309:
2282:
2279:Microbiology
2278:
2272:
2264:
2252:. Retrieved
2243:
2237:
2233:
2201:
2174:
2170:
2164:
2159:
2155:
2149:
2145:
2135:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2117:
2116:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2085:By treating
2084:
2079:
2078:DC3000∆∆ or
2075:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2049:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2023:
2018:
2014:
1992:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1952:
1946:
1942:
1931:
1921:
1919:
1909:
1901:
1894:
1887:
1882:
1875:
1870:
1863:
1858:
1851:
1846:
1839:
1834:
1826:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1805:Examples of
1804:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1713:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1684:
1680:
1679:thus making
1675:
1666:
1662:
1660:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1639:
1634:
1630:
1622:
1616:
1610:
1607:phaseolicola
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1573:
1559:
1544:
1541:
1531:
1528:
1518:
1515:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1496:
1492:
1489:phaseolicola
1488:
1484:
1480:
1478:
1466:
1462:
1452:
1446:
1440:
1434:
1430:
1420:
1414:
1410:
1397:phaseolicola
1396:
1392:
1374:
1370:
1360:
1354:
1350:
1340:
1334:
1330:
1322:
1316:
1312:
1302:
1296:
1292:
1280:
1271:
1267:
1257:
1251:
1247:
1237:
1231:
1227:
1217:
1211:
1207:
1193:
1187:
1183:
1173:
1164:
1160:
1150:
1144:
1140:
1129:
1125:P. cannabina
1123:
1117:
1111:
1107:P. avellanae
1105:
1099:
1093:
1087:
1083:
1077:
1053:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1037:P. syringae.
1036:
1027:
1023:P. syringae.
1022:
1020:
1015:
1005:
1000:
997:streptomycin
992:
988:
973:bactericides
968:
966:
956:
955:
946:
938:
934:
933:
923:
907:
906:
887:
886:
860:
854:
848:
844:
843:
836:
831:
827:
817:
803:
797:
791:
780:
770:
766:
751:
750:
735:
721:
709:
707:
693:
691:
681:
678:phyllosphere
671:
665:
663:
660:Epidemiology
653:
645:
633:
632:
618:
614:
610:
608:
598:
590:
586:
563:
533:
523:
517:
513:
505:
501:
493:
492:
482:, aiding in
459:
451:
450:
438:
435:syringomycin
410:
409:
404:
400:
396:
393:P. avellanae
392:
388:
384:
382:
375:
371:
361:
357:
356:
323:
322:
321:
314:morsprunorum
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
217:
171:
147:
145:
129:
128:
116:
41:
40:Cultures of
24:
18:
5423:iNaturalist
5343:Wikispecies
5098:(1): 1–11.
5025:: 337–365.
4720:Pseudomonas
4509:Pseudomonas
4470:: 379–402.
4413:: 667–696.
4354:: 139–160.
4298:: 315–338.
4232:Hinsch, M;
3872:21 February
3855:St Paul, MN
3567:11 December
3255:: 403–419.
3123:Arabidopsis
2860:(1): 4–17.
2826:3 September
2633:Pseudomonas
2600:. BBC News.
2373:Pseudomonas
2202:Pseudomonas
2171:P. syringae
2156:P. syringae
1955:P. syringae
1932:A. thaliana
1827:A. thaliana
1815:A. thaliana
1813:DC3000 and
1811:P. syringae
1792:Arabidopsis
1784:P. syringae
1780:A. thaliana
1768:A. thaliana
1756:transformed
1752:A. thaliana
1740:P. syringae
1738:(R-genes).
1728:Arabidopsis
1720:P. syringae
1709:susceptible
1705:A. thaliana
1701:A. thaliana
1693:P. syringae
1681:P. syringae
1676:A. thaliana
1663:P. syringae
1640:P. syringae
1635:P. syringae
1631:P. syringae
1623:P. syringae
1603:P. syringae
1595:P. syringae
1584:P. syringae
1503:P. syringae
1481:P. syringae
1281:Glycine max
1232:atrofaciens
1095:'P. tomato'
1089:P. amygdali
1084:P. syringae
1049:P. syringae
1001:P. syringae
993:P. syringae
989:P. syringae
969:P. syringae
947:P. syringae
924:P. syringae
920:supercooled
861:P. syringae
820:phytotoxins
814:Phytotoxins
793:Glycine max
767:P. syringae
736:P. syringae
728:oviposition
710:P. syringae
708:Planktonic
694:P. syringae
682:P. syringae
666:P. syringae
654:P. syringae
619:P. syringae
615:P. syringae
611:Pseudomonas
599:P. syringae
591:P. syringae
587:P. syringae
534:P. syringae
514:P. syringae
506:P. syringae
460:P. syringae
443:siderophore
401:P. amygdali
389:P. syringae
385:Pseudomonas
372:P. syringae
363:Pseudomonas
334:with polar
239:atrofaciens
161:Type strain
117:Pseudomonas
5517:Categories
5174:actinidiae
5086:actinidiae
4632:: 473–98.
4574:infection"
3829:24 January
3784:2108/92348
3754:actinidiae
3715:actinidiae
3590:actinidiae
3135:: 90–102.
2958:: 155–77.
2393:(8): 289.
2215:References
2175:actinidiae
2160:actinidiae
2131:actinidiae
2113:Importance
1907:(see also
1550:olive knot
1511:savastanoi
1493:maculicola
1283:, causing
1198:, causing
1165:actinidiae
1078:Following
1064:planktonic
1033:resistance
963:Management
928:nucleation
824:coronatine
674:saprotroph
623:GC content
528:, and the
480:hailstones
212:Pathovars
173:CCUG 14279
168:ATCC 19310
5226:209542819
5200:0095-3628
5145:0066-4286
5065:221504442
5039:0066-4197
4484:0066-4286
4443:195259901
4427:0066-4227
4386:215757180
4370:0066-4286
4312:0066-4197
3618:2076-2607
3539:182543294
3517:: 28–37.
3444:0031-949X
3285:219621432
3269:2327-056X
3210:1464-6722
3149:0022-1910
2933:1212-2580
2876:0191-2917
2769:0032-0889
2387:Diversity
2072:flagellin
1809:genes in
1671:sequenced
1526:canker),
1454:Phaseolus
1381:nectarine
1252:dysoxylis
1171:kiwifruit
1119:P. tremae
1074:Pathovars
1060:carvacrol
949:known as
890:produces
865:autophagy
840:Elicitors
806:degrades
747:Effectors
446:pyoverdin
429:nutrient
405:P. cerasi
344:pathovars
332:bacterium
247:dysoxylis
186:ICMP 3023
177:CFBP 1392
124:Species:
5441:11223972
5328:Wikidata
5285:17971244
5218:31897570
5153:28613977
5057:32886545
4994:19381254
4932:24359686
4881:30861136
4807:15672817
4756:16848405
4748:12062102
4692:17051149
4646:23725467
4603:28535079
4492:26243727
4435:31226025
4378:32284014
4320:26436459
4219:12032338
4148:12928499
4081:21119014
4032:16990433
3973:19849780
3924:22414441
3801:11456671
3793:24810619
3723:. EPPO (
3692:10319466
3636:32498472
3531:31177028
3452:18942971
3277:32530794
3228:34414650
3167:26205072
3102:17519705
3017:10974129
2884:30781059
2787:16662618
2708:22672649
2657:22 March
2651:USDA ARS
2527:16347352
2483:syringae
2462:12744455
2434:syringae
2336:10939664
2301:30427303
2254:22 March
2246:. EPPO (
2238:persicae
2204:phage Φ6
2185:See also
2146:P. s. a.
2093:DC3000,
1961:DC3000 (
1930:gene in
1823:Avr gene
1689:virulent
1599:syringae
1537:oleander
1471:attacks
1457:species.
1439:attacks
1435:syringae
1379:attacks
1375:persicae
1365:species.
1355:papulans
1339:attacks
1297:japonica
1276:attacks
1272:glycinea
1169:attacks
1155:species.
1045:syringae
1008:ammonium
977:Bordeaux
869:elicitor
808:daidzein
714:flagella
642:gummosis
638:necrosis
605:Genomics
439:in vitro
368:16S rRNA
336:flagella
306:syringae
287:persicae
279:papulans
255:japonica
196:B.01398
190:LMG 1247
102:Family:
72:Phylum:
66:Bacteria
62:Domain:
5415:3223236
5389:6374832
5358:BacDive
5334:Q311202
5276:2222644
5259:: 397.
5209:7223186
5048:9488914
4985:2663052
4923:4053735
4700:4419198
4672:Bibcode
4555:2006172
4523:Bibcode
4268:8589423
4187:Bibcode
4175:DC3000"
4116:Bibcode
4104:DC3000"
4072:3008171
4023:1595455
4000:Bibcode
3964:6640528
3731:13 July
3627:7356356
3367:4371331
3219:8518561
3158:4721946
2778:1065830
2699:6638704
2580:4371331
2497:Bibcode
2167:Italian
2142:mutants
2003:(PAMPs)
1896:AvrPphB
1883:AvrRps6
1871:AvrRps4
1859:AvrRpt2
1847:AvrRpm1
1829:R-gene
1703:- thus
1687:DC3000
1539:), and
1519:fraxini
1442:Syringa
1401:causes
1342:Panicum
1278:soybean
1188:aesculi
1070:forms.
1068:biofilm
769:is the
758:called
676:in the
650:stomata
613:genus,
560:History
427:sucrose
419:oxidase
338:. As a
206:B-1631
183:106698
112:Genus:
92:Order:
82:Class:
5487:NZOR:
5454:965302
5428:337405
5402:PSDMSX
5296:at Bac
5283:
5273:
5224:
5216:
5206:
5198:
5151:
5143:
5063:
5055:
5045:
5037:
4992:
4982:
4956:tomato
4930:
4920:
4879:
4832:
4805:
4777:tomato
4754:
4746:
4698:
4690:
4664:Nature
4644:
4622:Tomato
4601:
4553:
4543:
4490:
4482:
4441:
4433:
4425:
4384:
4376:
4368:
4318:
4310:
4266:
4217:
4210:124312
4207:
4173:tomato
4146:
4139:193536
4136:
4102:tomato
4079:
4069:
4030:
4020:
3971:
3961:
3922:
3799:
3791:
3690:
3634:
3624:
3616:
3537:
3529:
3488:
3450:
3442:
3395:
3365:
3358:186742
3355:
3310:
3283:
3275:
3267:
3226:
3216:
3208:
3165:
3155:
3147:
3100:
3015:
3005:
2931:
2905:tomato
2882:
2874:
2785:
2775:
2767:
2706:
2696:
2649:&
2645:&
2578:
2571:186742
2568:
2525:
2518:203788
2515:
2460:
2436:B301D"
2424:, and
2334:
2299:
2105:DC3000
2097:DC3000
2087:CRISPR
2054:DC3000
2031:DC3000
1999:(PRRs)
1959:tomato
1947:tomato
1912:§ RPS5
1788:tomato
1744:tomato
1724:tomato
1697:tomato
1685:tomato
1667:tomato
1652:tomato
1629:. The
1588:tomato
1491:, and
1485:tomato
1473:tomato
1467:tomato
1451:, and
1448:Prunus
1335:panici
1212:aptata
1145:aceris
1128:, and
983:, and
853:, the
850:PsINF1
804:HopZ1b
799:GmHID1
786:s are
570:fungus
530:tomato
403:, and
271:panici
231:aptata
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