Pseudonym - Knowledge

1350: 1321: 54: 514: 1575: 186: 1251:) at sites offering pseudonymity, such as Knowledge, are not likely to build unlinkability into their systems, as this would render them unable to obtain information about abusive users quickly enough to stop vandalism and other undesirable behaviors. Law enforcement personnel, fearing an avalanche of illegal behavior, are equally unenthusiastic. Still, some users and privacy activists like the 1309:, in which abusive users continuously discard their old identities and acquire new ones in order to escape the consequences of their behavior: "On the Internet, nobody knows that yesterday you were a dog, and therefore should be in the doghouse today." Users of Internet communities who have been banned only to return with new identities are called 563:, also written under pseudonyms. As a result of this pseudonymity, historians know that the papers were written by Madison, Hamilton, and Jay, but have not been able to discern with certainty which of the three authored a few of the papers. There are also examples of modern politicians and high-ranking bureaucrats writing under pseudonyms. 1244:, a Web server that disguises the user's IP address. But most open proxy addresses are blocked indefinitely due to their frequent use by vandals. Additionally, Knowledge's public record of a user's interest areas, writing style, and argumentative positions may still establish an identifiable pattern. 1361:

Researchers at the University of Cambridge showed that pseudonymous comments tended to be more substantive and engaged with other users in explanations, justifications, and chains of argument, and less likely to use insults, than either fully anonymous or real name comments. Proposals have been made

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Most Web sites that offer pseudonymity retain information about users. These sites are often susceptible to unauthorized intrusions into their non-public database systems. For example, in 2000, a Welsh teenager obtained information about more than 26,000 credit card accounts, including that of Bill

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Pseudonyms should not be confused with new names that replace old ones and become the individual's full-time name. Pseudonyms are "part-time" names, used only in certain contexts: to provide a more clear-cut separation between one's private and professional lives, to showcase or enhance a particular

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felt that if they played as Feeder, there would be uproar over his not playing any of the singles, so used the pseudonym as a hint. A series of small shows were played in 2010, at 250- to 1,000-capacity venues with the plan not to say who the band really are and just announce the shows as if they

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researchers discovered that the systems used by these Web sites to protect user data could be easily compromised, even if the pseudonymous channel is protected by strong encryption. Typically, the protected pseudonymous channel exists within a broader framework in which multiple vulnerabilities

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The social cost of cheaply discarded pseudonyms is that experienced users lose confidence in new users, and may subject new users to abuse until they establish a good reputation. System operators may need to remind experienced users that most newcomers are well-intentioned (see, for example,

1264:, as discussed in the next section). Their views are supported by laws in some nations (such as Canada) that guarantee citizens a right to speak using a pseudonym. This right does not, however, give citizens the right to demand publication of pseudonymous speech on equipment they do not own. 825:

is a name used by many different people to protect anonymity. It is a strategy that has been adopted by many unconnected radical groups and by cultural groups, where the construct of personal identity has been criticised. This has led to the idea of the "open pop star", such as

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The concept of pseudonymity has a long history. In ancient literature it was common to write in the name of a famous person, not for concealment or with any intention of deceit; in the New Testament, the second letter of Peter is probably such. A more modern example is all of

770:. Already a well-known writer, he started publishing books as Émile Ajar to test whether his new books would be well received on their own merits, without the aid of his established reputation. They were: Émile Ajar, like Romain Gary before him, was awarded the prestigious 1337:). Concerns have also been expressed about sock puppets exhausting the supply of easily remembered usernames. In addition a recent research paper demonstrated that people behave in a potentially more aggressive manner when using pseudonyms/nicknames (due to the 1362:

to raise the costs of obtaining new identities, such as by charging a small fee or requiring e-mail confirmation. Academic research has proposed cryptographic methods to pseudonymize social media identities or government-issued identities, to accrue and use

1087:, recruits can adopt a pseudonym to break with their past lives. Mercenaries have long used "noms de guerre", sometimes even multiple identities, depending on the country, conflict, and circumstance. Some of the most familiar noms de guerre today are the 1345:

found pseudonymous users contributed the "highest quantity and quality of comments", where "quality" is based on an aggregate of likes, replies, flags, spam reports, and comment deletions, and found that users trusted pseudonyms and real names equally.

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The continuum of unlinkability can also be seen, in part, on Knowledge. Some registered users make no attempt to disguise their real identities (for example, by placing their real name on their user page). The pseudonym of unregistered users is their

1302:). A pseudonymous user who has acquired a favorable reputation gains the trust of other users. When users believe that they will be rewarded by acquiring a favorable reputation, they are more likely to behave in accordance with the site's policies. 1273:

Gates. In 2003, VISA and MasterCard announced that intruders obtained information about 5.6 million credit cards. Sites that offer pseudonymity are also vulnerable to confidentiality breaches. In a study of a Web dating service and a

501:, "getting to the truth requires a walk down a bizarre labyrinth" and multiple government agencies may become involved to uncover the truth. Giving a false name to a law enforcement officer is a crime in many jurisdictions; see 474:

Businesspersons of ethnic minorities in some parts of the world are sometimes advised by an employer to use a pseudonym that is common or acceptable in that area when conducting business, to overcome racial or religious bias.

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believe that Internet users deserve stronger pseudonymity so that they can protect themselves against identity theft, illegal government surveillance, stalking, and other unwelcome consequences of Internet use (including

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permits system administrators to consult the server logs to determine the IP address, and perhaps the true name, of a registered user. It is possible, in theory, to create an unlinkable Knowledge pseudonym by using an

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Sometimes people change their names in such a manner that the new name becomes permanent and is used by all who know the person. This is not an alias or pseudonym, but in fact a new name. In many countries, including

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Nepunda, Lucia. "The significance of Oshiwambo combat names for the People's Liberation Army of Namibia (PLAN) fighters during the armed liberation struggle of Namibia (1966-1989)." PhD diss., University of Namibia,

934:, "war name") would be adopted by each new recruit (or assigned to them by the captain of their company) as they enlisted in the French army. These pseudonyms had an official character and were the predecessor of 4126:- "Not only would removing anonymity fail to consistently improve online community behavior – forcing real names in online communities could also increase discrimination and worsen harassment." with 30 references 727:

used a pseudonym when he published short stories about sexually charged encounters between men in Germany in 1920. Some prolific authors adopt a pseudonym to disguise the extent of their published output, e. g.

495:) to hide their identity, or to impersonate other persons or entities in order to commit fraud. Aliases and fictitious business names used for dummy corporations may become so complex that, in the words of 1467:, etc.), which do not allow performers to use an existing name, in order to avoid confusion. For example, these rules required film and television actor Michael Fox to add a middle initial and become 458:

analysis of their writing style. The precise degree of this unmasking ability and its ultimate potential is uncertain, but the privacy risks are expected to grow with improved analytic techniques and

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so they could play a whole show featuring a set list in which 95 per cent of the songs played were from their forthcoming new album of the same name, with none of their singles included. Front man

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Feldman, M., S. Papadimitriou, and J. Chuang (2004). "Free-Riding and Whitewashing in Peer-to-Peer Systems." Paper presented at SIGCOMM '04 Workshop (Portland, Oregon, 30 Aug. – 3 September 2004).

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Pseudonymity has become an important phenomenon on the Internet and other computer networks. In computer networks, pseudonyms possess varying degrees of anonymity, ranging from highly linkable

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Musicians and singers can use pseudonyms to allow artists to collaborate with artists on other labels while avoiding the need to gain permission from their own labels, such as the artist

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Many Italian-American singers have used stage names, as their birth names were difficult to pronounce or considered too ethnic for American tastes. Singers changing their names included

1189:, by identifying themselves by means of pseudonyms). In well-defined abuse cases, a designated authority may be able to revoke the pseudonyms and reveal the individuals' real identity. 570:

used pen names for their early work, so as not to reveal their gender (see below) and so that local residents would not suspect that the books related to people of their neighbourhood.

1235:, which can, in many cases, easily be linked to them. Other registered users prefer to remain anonymous, and do not disclose identifying information. However, in certain cases, 1561:, this is English-language users creating a French-language phrase to use in English). Having acted in pornographic firms can be a serious detriment to finding another career. 992:. This practice hides their identities and may protect their families from reprisals; it may also be a form of dissociation from domestic life. Some well-known men who adopted 5759: 2680: 2077: 2359: 1448:

fame was christened as Christopher Crummey ("crummy" is UK slang for poor quality). In this and similar cases a stage name is adopted simply to avoid an unfortunate pun.

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A pen name may be used if a writer's real name is likely to be confused with the name of another writer or notable individual, or if the real name is deemed unsuitable.

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Deepak Maram; Harjasleen Malvai; Fan Zhang; Nerla Jean-Louis; Alexander Frolov; Tyler Kell; Tyrone Lobban; Christine Moy; Ari Juels; Andrew Miller (28 September 2020).

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Members of a marginalized ethnic or religious group have often adopted stage names, typically changing their surname or entire name to mask their original background.

1800:, recorded and performed pop and lounge music under the pseudonym Buster Poindexter in the late 1980s and early 1990s. The music video for Poindexter's debut single, 635:

Authors who write both fiction and non-fiction, or in different genres, may use different pen names to avoid confusing their readers. For example, the romance writer

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A collective pseudonym may represent an entire publishing house, or any contributor to a long-running series, especially with juvenile literature. Examples include

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Such war names have also been used in Africa. Part of the molding of child soldiers has included giving them such names. They were also used by fighters in the

2486: 760:, a Southern white segregationist affiliated with the KKK, wrote Western books under a fictional Cherokee persona to imply legitimacy and conceal his history. 3408: 1305:

If users can obtain new pseudonymous identities freely or at a very low cost, reputation-based systems are vulnerable to whitewashing attacks, also called

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Similarly, some 20th- and 21st-century male romance novelists – a field dominated by women – have used female pen names. A few examples are Brindle Chase,

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In many cases, hip-hop and rap artists prefer to use pseudonyms that represents some variation of their name, personality, or interests. Examples include

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Another use of a pseudonym in literature is to present a story as being written by the fictional characters in the story. The series of novels known as

168:). This also differs from a new name that entirely or legally replaces an individual's own. Many pseudonym holders use them because they wish to remain 1040:. Pseudonym was also stylized as suedonim in a common misspelling of the original word so as to preserve the price of telegrams in World War I and II. 646:

In some cases, an author may become better known by his pen name than their real name. Some famous examples of that include Samuel Clemens, writing as

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exist. Pseudonym users should bear in mind that, given the current state of Web security engineering, their true names may be revealed at any time.

5208: 2603: 1804:, opens with a monologue from Johansen where he notes his time with the New York Dolls and explains his desire to create more sophisticated music. 1170:

that achieves persistent pseudonymity, so that two-way communication can be achieved, and reputations can be established, without linking physical

4876: 4799: 111: 5088: 4620: 3025: 2885: 1947:, Abbath, and Silenoz. In punk and hardcore punk, singers and band members often replace real names with tougher-sounding stage names such as 4698: 3316: 2416:, the affected workers were classified-advertising takers, and the renaming was away from Jewish, Irish, and Italian names to ones "with a 3049: 566:

Some female authors have used male pen names, in particular in the 19th century, when writing was a highly male-dominated profession. The

5339: 3110: 2988: 4804: 2576: 1512:(DGA) to remove their name from a film they feel was edited or modified beyond their artistic satisfaction. In theatre, the pseudonyms 1334: 1370:. Others point out that Knowledge's success is attributable in large measure to its nearly non-existent initial participation costs. 1408:

When used by an actor, musician, radio disc jockey, model, or other performer or "show business" personality a pseudonym is called a

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in the 1950s and 1960s to avoid paying royalties. A number of popular budget LPs of piano music were released under the pseudonym

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are used to hide the identity of a performer, usually when he or she is "doubling" (playing more than one role in the same play).

810:, a character in the series. This applies also to some of the several 18th-century English and American writers who used the name 3212: 3715: 2292:(2nd ed.). Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA. pp. Names in Religion: Devotional Names in Various Religious Traditions. 1431:

Stage names are also used to create a more marketable name, as in the case of Creighton Tull Chaney, who adopted the pseudonym

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enables Internet users to establish unlinkable pseudonyms; those that employ non-public pseudonyms (such as the now-defunct

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in online forums, or to obtain one-per-person and hence less readily-discardable pseudonyms periodically at physical-world

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Some pen names have been used for long periods, even decades, without the author's true identity being discovered, as with

3873: 2223: 5625: 5472: 2191: 984:. Such pseudonyms are often adopted by military special-forces soldiers, such as members of the SAS and similar units of 887:

used pseudonyms to publish their work in the field of mathematics – Germain, to avoid rampant 19th century academic

1639: 5144: 5046: 2962: 1387: 164:) is a fictitious name that a person assumes for a particular purpose, which differs from their original or true name ( 4000:

Gröndahl, Tommi; Asokan, N. (2020). "Text Analysis in Adversarial Settings: Does Deception Leave a Stylistic Trace?".

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demanded the removal of his name from the credits saying it could go out under a "bland pseudonym". This ended up as

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In some cases, pseudonyms are adopted because they are part of a cultural or organisational tradition; for example,

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https://www.delawareonline.com/story/opinion/columnists/2014/03/12/college-porn-star-reflects-base-culture/6342543

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Paper presented at the Australian Institute for Criminology's Conference on Internet Crime ( 16–17 February 1998).

2537: 712:(from his full surname Spencer Churchill which he did not otherwise use) in an attempt to avoid confusion with an 5546: 3594: 1618: 3950: 3790: 3612: 1487:, who chose the pseudonym name Richard Hollis, which is also the name of a character in the anthology TV series 2787: 2743: 2716: 1596: 1460: 1252: 1207:(the link between the pseudonym and a human being is publicly known or easy to discover), potentially linkable 1037: 798: 207: 3688: 3466:. Rome, Italy: IADIS – International association for development of the information society. pp. 500–504. 3131: 5764: 5193: 5180: 4761: 3847: 4080: 4897: 4524: 4476: 4144: 2465: 2417: 1625: 1472: 1290:

Pseudonymity is an important component of the reputation systems found in online auction services (such as

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Tsikerdekis Michail (2012). "The choice of complete anonymity versus pseudonymity for aggression online".

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The Microgenre: A Quick Look at Small Culture, edited by Anne H. Stev, Bloomsbury Academic, 2020, page 99

3279: 2812: 2319: 1814:, wrote original songs, arranged, and produced the records under his real name, but performed on them as 1704: 1338: 1127: 709: 576: 3741: 533:(or on the author's behalf by their publishers). English usage also includes the French-language phrase 5291: 4552: 4273: 3588:"CanDID: Can-Do Decentralized Identity with Legacy Compatibility, Sybil-Resistance, and Accountability" 1592: 1513: 1509: 997: 951: 287: 278:

persona, or to hide an individual's real identity, as with writers' pen names, graffiti artists' tags,

203: 1607: 1341:) as opposed to being completely anonymous. In contrast, research by the blog comment hosting service 5734: 5603: 3555:

Maheswaran, John; Jackowitz, Daniel; Zhai, Ennan; Wolinsky, David Isaac; Ford, Bryan (9 March 2016).

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as they considered them derogatory. In daily life, these aliases could replace the real family name.

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Cassell's Latin Dictionary, Marchant, J.R.V, & Charles, Joseph F., (Eds.), Revised Edition, 1928

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People seeking privacy often use pseudonyms to make appointments and reservations. Those writing to

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Ennan Zhai; David Isaac Wolinsky; Ruichuan Chen; Ewa Syta; Chao Teng; Bryan Ford (18 March 2016).

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Johnson, D.G.; Miller, K. (1998). "Anonymity, Pseudonymity, and Inescapable Identity on the Net".

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Clayton, R.; Danezis, G.; Kuhn, M. (2001). "Real World Patterns of Failure in Anonymity Systems".

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Mastey, D. (2018). "Child Soldier Narratives and Their War Names." English Studies 99(2), 166-182.

1837:" as a pseudonym ("Prince" is his actual first name rather than a stage name). He wrote the song " 5874: 5444: 4137: 2202: 2062: 1811: 1585: 1441: 1278: 1135: 698: 196: 4776: 1834: 5462: 5371: 5138: 5009: 4866: 4495: 3649: 3331: 3238: 2047: 1755: 741: 716:. The attempt was not wholly successful – the two are still sometimes confused by booksellers. 560: 463: 104: 32: 3542: 3107: 3046: 3004: 2220: 1118:

may adopt or be required to use a form of pseudonym known as a "handle" (a term deriving from

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Stigma and the Shaping of the Pornography Industry By Georgina Voss, Routledge, 2015, page 52

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Proceedings of the IADIS International Conference – Interfaces and Human Computer Interaction

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Novak, Jasmine; Raghavan, Prabhakar; Tomkins, Andrew (May 2004). "Anti-aliasing on the web".

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and maintain privacy, though this may be difficult to achieve as a result of legal issues.

45:"Allonym" redirects here. For a definition of the term "allonym", see the Wiktionary entry 3556: 446:

countries, a name change can be ratified by a court and become a person's new legal name.

8: 5895: 5861: 5598: 5588: 5511: 5486: 4809: 4543: 4519: 2886:"Bitcoin's creator may be worth $ 6 billion – but people still don't know who it is" 2082: 1687:" using a pseudonym. In classical music, some record companies issued recordings under a 1538:, who was at the time of writing the show's Script Editor. In another Doctor Who serial, 1456: 1025: 985: 864: 811: 497: 391: 322: 279: 3229: 1853:

as "Christopher Tracy". (He also produced albums early in his career as "Jamie Starr").

1215:(the link is not known to system operators and cannot be determined). For example, true 614:). Pseudonyms may also be used due to cultural or organization or political prejudices. 581: 5915: 5905: 5900: 5724: 5667: 5431: 5111: 4904: 4786: 4466: 4440: 4316: 4207: 4123: 4029: 4011: 3874:

https://intellectualtakeout.org/2017/10/porn-star-why-we-should-probably-lose-the-term/

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Building Privacy-Preserving Cryptographic Credentials from Federated Online Identities

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was a name used by the BBC to conceal the identity of a scriptwriter, such as for the

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Proceedings of the 9th USENIX Security Symposium (Denver, Colorado, 14–17 Aug. 2000).

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Mind Invaders: A Reader in Psychic Warfare, Cultural Sabotage, and Semiotic Terrorism

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as a pen name for their collaborative works and as the name of their main character.

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Pseudonymous authors may still have their various identities linked together through

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is one shared by two or more persons, for example, the co-authors of a work, such as

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Tsikerdekis, Michail (2011). "Engineering anonymity to reduce aggression online".

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Pornographic actors regularly use stage names. Sometimes these are referred to as

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Henry John Deutschendorf Jr., an American singer-songwriter, used the stage name

1899:(her stage name is a combination of her dog's name, Iggy, and her home street in 1786: 1743: 1692: 1676: 1494: 1064: 1029: 946:). These pseudonyms were usually related to the soldier's place of origin (e. g. 930: 786: 757: 745: 733: 724: 693: 592: 326: 295: 3976:"45cat – Peter And Gordon – Woman / Wrong From The Start – Capitol – USA – 5579" 3527:

Talking Politics Online: How Facebook Generates Clicks But Undermines Discussion

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Please note this is an English construction, and the idiomatic French phrase is

1822:, whose full name is Bent Fabricius-Bjerre, wrote his biggest instrumental hit " 1504:

Some stage names are used to conceal a person's identity, such as the pseudonym

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A pen name may be used specifically to hide the identity of the author, as with

606:(1847). Other examples from the nineteenth-century are novelist Mary Ann Evans ( 597: 5593: 5556: 5435: 5427: 5366: 5358: 5334: 5324: 5256: 5200: 5165: 5041: 5023: 4973: 4713: 4648: 4592: 4268: 4193: 3619:

13th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI '16)

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is a pseudonym (sometimes a particular form of the real name) adopted by an

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of emperors, popes, and other monarchs. In some cases, it may also include

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Excellent bibliography on anonymity and pseudonymity. Includes hyperlinks.

4094: 4089: 3951:"Saga Remembered by Robin O'Connor - February 2007 MusicWeb-International" 3448: 3382: 3075: 1501:, for instance, share credit for editing under the alias Roderick Jaynes. 46: 5822: 5744: 5403: 5398: 5393: 5314: 5228: 5218: 5078: 5036: 5031: 4848: 4824: 4766: 4733: 4703: 4683: 4678: 4653: 4643: 4610: 4605: 4421: 4402: 4356: 4351: 4232: 3824: 3566:

6th ACM Conference on Data and Application Security and Privacy (CODASPY)

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for a degree of privacy, to better market themselves, and other reasons.

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CONFESSIONS OF A PORN ADDICT, The Spectator, 10th november 2001, page 34

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Anonymity, Unobservability, and Pseudonymity: A Proposal for Terminology

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artists also adopt pseudonyms, usually symbolizing dark values, such as

1911:(previously known at various times as Puffy, P. Diddy, and Puff Daddy), 891:, and Gosset, to avoid revealing brewing practices of his employer, the 736:. Co-authors may choose to publish under a collective pseudonym, e. g., 513: 5815: 5798: 5739: 5719: 5376: 5304: 5251: 5247: 5175: 4991: 4958: 4891: 4794: 4738: 4560: 4514: 4471: 4426: 4377: 4310: 4290: 4253: 4227: 4183: 4178: 3926:

That Magic Feeling: The Beatles' Recorded Legacy, Volume Two, 1966–1970

3587: 3237:. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 2137. pp. 230–244. 2487:"Former EPA chief under fire for new batch of "Richard Windsor" emails" 2097: 2052: 2032: 1979: 1975: 1974:. The Australian country musician born Robert Lane changed his name to 1908: 1775: 1599: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1527: 1403: 1241: 1232: 1092: 1056: 647: 640: 455: 443: 311: 239: 210: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2840:"John McAfee vows to unmask Crypto's Satoshi Nakamoto, then backs off" 774:

by a jury unaware that they were the same person. Similarly, TV actor

5827: 5714: 5690: 5452: 5344: 5104: 4819: 4502: 4382: 4329: 4324: 4197: 3769:"Roderick Jaynes, Imaginary Oscar Nominee for "No Country" – Vulture" 3059: 2466:"Obama used a pseudonym in emails with Clinton, FBI documents reveal" 2162: 2152: 2022: 1997: 1992: 1928: 1873: 1735: 1484: 1451:

Pseudonyms are also used to comply with the rules of performing-arts

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players, despite the fact that many professional games are played on

1106:, with some fighters retaining these names as their permanent names. 658:). The British mathematician Charles Dodgson wrote fantasy novels as 651: 586: 547:, which were signed by Publius, a pseudonym representing the trio of 255: 247: 169: 117: 4106: 4025: 1574: 901:

is a pseudonym of a still unknown author or authors' group behind a

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anonymously, in part because of his employment as a law clerk for a

185: 5844: 5832: 5793: 5771: 5662: 5551: 5496: 5319: 5118: 4578: 4531: 4490: 4461: 4449: 4392: 4372: 4334: 4295: 4119:

Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) Anonymity/Pseudonymity Archive

4016: 3975: 3638:

Proceedings of the 1st workshop on Social network systems - Social

2554: 2511:"Yes, Virgil, There Are Men Writing Romance: Focus on Romance 2012" 2470: 2112: 2092: 2057: 1916: 1912: 1723: 1354: 1295: 1159: 1139: 1119: 1096: 888: 556: 526: 263: 251: 165: 57: 3791:"BBC – Doctor Who Classic Episode Guide – City of Death – Details" 3720:, "Women's Kingdom", "A Delicate Question", April 7, 1883, page 5" 1394:, because " knew wouldn't have time enough to be an A+ student." 5685: 5657: 5125: 4753: 4508: 4414: 4263: 4237: 4188: 4077: 4057:

Dictionary of Pseudonyms: 13,000 Assumed Names and Their Origins.

2860:"Who is Satoshi Nakamoto, Inventor of Bitcoin? It doesn't matter" 2102: 1920: 1747: 1719: 1193: 935: 906: 839: 267: 258:

or villain identities and code names, gamer identifications, and

40:

List of regular mini-sections in Private Eye § Pseuds Corner

4455: 3409:"Real Names Don't Make for Better Commenters, but Pseudonyms Do" 2288:

Jones, Lindsay; Eliade, Mircea; Adams, Charles J., eds. (2005).

2012: 5854: 5729: 4839: 4285: 3554: 2196: 1932: 1342: 1325: 1261: 1248: 1115: 530: 419: 3742:"A UC Berkeley Degree Is Now the Apple of Steve Wozniak's Eye" 3068:

Proceedings of the 13th conference on World Wide Web - WWW '04

2078:

List of pseudonyms used in the American Constitutional debates

1978:. Reginald Kenneth Dwight legally changed his name in 1972 to 77: 5804: 5533: 5519: 5515: 1944: 1497:, whose real name was James Stewart. The film-making team of 1464: 1452: 976:

were adopted for security reasons by members of World War II

860:

Academic authorship § Anonymous and unclaimed authorship

405: 395: 80: 60:, who went by the pen name O. Henry or Olivier Henry, in 1909 38:"Pseud." redirects here. For the columnn in Private Eye, see 2382: 1181:

More sophisticated cryptographic systems, such as anonymous

723:

books about espionage or crime, or explicit erotic fiction.

3289:

In E.J. Lawler, M. Macy, S. Thyne, and H.A. Walker (eds.),

2890: 1818:. He also wrote songs as Skipper Adams. Danish pop pianist 1675:, who made songs under Napoleon XIV. Rock singer-guitarist 1291: 1076: 559:. The papers were written partially in response to several 153: 147: 141: 86: 3479:

EMinds International Journal on Human-Computer Interaction

1298:), and collaborative knowledge development sites (such as 912: 867:

put forward his theory of heliocentrism in the manuscript

3634:"An Offline Foundation for Online Accountable Pseudonyms" 2761: 2464:

Gerstein, Josh; Mccaskill, Nolan D. (23 September 2016).

1197: 1178:

is the use of multiple names for the same data location.

92: 3614:

AnonRep: Towards Tracking-Resistant Anonymous Reputation

1423: 966:

was mandatory for every soldier; officers did not adopt

954:), or to a particular physical or personal trait (e. g. 310:. Actors, musicians, and other performers sometimes use 4078:

A site with pseudonyms for celebrities and entertainers

3646:

1st Workshop on Social Network Systems – SocialNets '08

1258:

unintentional disclosures of their personal information

778:

submitted comedy material under the name Gerald Wiley.

580:(1848) was published under the name Acton Bell, while 266:. Historically, they have sometimes taken the form of 4115:

Describes an architecture for anonymous Web browsing.

3108:"Technological Aspects of Internet Crime Prevention." 2788:"soft question – Pseudonyms of famous mathematicians" 2744:"soft question – Pseudonyms of famous mathematicians" 156: 89: 3146: 3065: 692:

series as J. K. Rowling. Rowling also published the

144: 83: 4159: 3820:"Doctor Who's secret history of codenames revealed" 3689:"Investigators target Michael Jackson's pseudonyms" 3476: 3310: 3308: 2721:. Indiana University: Serpent's Tail. p. 119. 2221:

The Criminalization of True Anonymity in Cyberspace

1471:, to avoid being confused with another actor named 138: 95: 74: 4059:5th rev. ed. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Co. 3227: 3181:"Welsh Teens Arrested for E-Commerce Hack Attacks" 2544:, Author Pseudonyms: R. Accessed 27 November 2009. 1919:(whose stage name is a tribute to his home state, 610:) and French writer Amandine Aurore Lucile Dupin ( 3525:Fredheim, Rolf; Moore, Alfred (4 November 2015), 2463: 5887: 3828:. Archived from the original on 27 February 2015 3305: 2287: 1479:, who shared her real name, Patricia Neal, with 1382:in newspapers and magazines may use pseudonyms. 1043:Revolutionaries and resistance leaders, such as 537:(which in French literally means "pen name"). 27:Fictitious name assumed for a particular purpose 3314: 2404:The New York Times (N.Y.: Random House, 1992 ( 1967:had every member take the last name of Ramone. 1192:Use of pseudonyms is common among professional 662:and mathematical treatises under his own name. 3999: 2772:sfn error: no target: CITEREFCaseLeggett2005 ( 2504: 2502: 2433:, 5 November 1995, Richard Leiby, James Lileks 2388: 1185:, enable users to communicate pseudonymously ( 31:"Aliases" redirects here. For other uses, see 4145: 3739: 3687:Ryan, Harriet; Yoshino, Kimi (17 July 2009). 3524: 3434: 1032:(later Prime Minister of Israel) adopted the 3813: 3811: 3733: 3632:Ford, Bryan; Strauss, Jacob (1 April 2008). 3498:"What's In A Name? Understanding Pseudonyms" 3324:Journal of Economics and Management Strategy 3280:"The Production of Trust in Online Markets." 1784:era. He changed back to his birth name when 1024:'s underground fight against the British in 3686: 3631: 3461: 3455: 3206:"Hacker accesses 5.6 Million Credit Cards" 2959:"Why esports needs to ditch online aliases" 2813:"The misidentification of Satoshi Nakamoto" 2767: 2499: 2412:)), p. 221. In 1968, one such employer was 2249:Phillips, Damon J.; Kim, Young-Kyu (2009). 2248: 1778:went under the name "Coby Dick" during the 1699:used his fictional name "Bernerd Webb" for 1475:. This was also true of author and actress 381: 150: 125: 4152: 4138: 3862:Doctor Who the Handbook: The Fourth Doctor 3047:"Can Pseudonyms Really Guarantee Privacy?" 2402:The Girls in the Balcony: Women, Men, and 1071:as their proper names after the struggle. 842:are often employed in medical research to 4042:International Encyclopedia of Pseudonyms. 4015: 3916: 3817: 3808: 3653: 3335: 3242: 3172: 3021:Pfitzmann, A., and M. Köhntopp (2000). " 2601: 1659:Learn how and when to remove this message 1335:Knowledge's policy about biting newcomers 950:, for a soldier coming from a town named 226:Learn how and when to remove this message 2983: 2508: 1766:and Manson from convicted serial killer 1348: 1319: 512: 52: 4095:The U.S. copyright status of pseudonyms 2883: 2635: 1313:. Whitewashing is one specific form of 913:Military and paramilitary organizations 766:A famous case in French literature was 625:(as Penny Sutton and Rosie Dixon), and 14: 5888: 2837: 2675: 2484: 2366:, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, 2343:, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, 1927:(real name Stephanie Victoria Allen), 1710:Pseudonyms are used as stage names in 702:under the pseudonym Robert Galbraith. 449: 422:meaning "at another time, elsewhere". 4133: 3520: 3518: 3407:Rosen, Rebecca J. (11 January 2012). 3406: 3402: 3400: 3372: 3370: 3317:"The Social Cost of Cheap Pseudonyms" 2956: 2068:List of placeholder names by language 1534:, which had three writers, including 1508:, which was used by directors in the 1424:Film, theatre, and related activities 1285: 1018:Zapatista Army of National Liberation 929: 696:series of detective novels including 639:writes mystery novels under the name 3922: 3818:Gallagher, William (27 March 2012). 3600:from the original on 9 October 2022. 3575:from the original on 9 October 2022. 3178: 3154:"Teenagers hack Gates's credit card" 2711: 2705: 2656:Ellery Queen, A Website on Deduction 1907:(known under at least six aliases), 1597:adding citations to reliable sources 1568: 1386:used a pseudonym when attending the 478: 208:adding citations to reliable sources 179: 3929:. Three Rivers Press. p. 229. 3495: 3036:(Berlin: Springer-Verlag), pp. 1-9. 2884:Bearman, Sophie (27 October 2017). 2741: 2423: 1923:), British-Jamaican hip-hop artist 1796:, front man for the hard rock band 1435:, a reference to his famous father 1104:People's Liberation Army of Namibia 669:, use several literary pseudonyms. 521:(real name "Amantine Lucile Dupin") 24: 3515: 3397: 3376: 3367: 3315:Friedman, E.; Resnick, P. (2001). 3045:Rao, J.R., and P. Rohatgi (2000). 2957:Cocke, Taylor (26 November 2013). 2913:"Home | Historica – Dominion" 2681:"The Transformation of a Klansman" 2602:Churchill, Winston (11 May 2010). 2447: 2312: 1955:and "Rat" of the early 1980s band 1388:University of California, Berkeley 1357:using different kinds of anonymity 1267: 1109: 1036:"Michael", in honour of Ireland's 714:American novelist of the same name 650:, Theodor Geisel, better known as 25: 5927: 4071: 2123:Placeholder names in cryptography 4800:Democratic Republic of the Congo 3437:ACM SIGCAS Computers and Society 2638:Berlin Garden of Erotic Delights 1679:, for example, played guitar on 1573: 1174:to their respective pseudonyms. 1099:, either literal or figurative. 1061:Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque 600:adopted Ellis Bell as cover for 380:is derived from the Greek word " 325:, and "cadre names" are used by 184: 134: 70: 3968: 3943: 3907: 3898: 3889: 3878: 3867: 3854: 3783: 3761: 3708: 3680: 3625: 3604: 3579: 3548: 3496:Roy, Steve (15 December 2014). 3489: 3470: 3428: 3296: 3269: 3221: 3210:Technology (February 18, 2003). 3198: 3130:. 20 April 2001. Archived from 3120: 3100: 3039: 3015: 2977: 2950: 2940: 2931: 2905: 2877: 2852: 2831: 2805: 2780: 2735: 2669: 2644: 2629: 2595: 2569: 2547: 2528: 2509:Naughton, Julie (1 June 2012). 2478: 2457: 2436: 2394: 2373: 2230:7 Mich. Telecomm. Tech. L. Rev. 1879:In 2009, the British rock band 1868:(born Francesco Castelluccio), 1584:needs additional citations for 1028:, the organization's commander 466:to resist such identification. 195:needs additional citations for 3955:www.musicweb-international.com 3379:"Pseudonyms drive communities" 2838:Kharif, Olga (23 April 2019). 2581:The Age, Hosted on Google News 2350: 2334: 2306: 2281: 2242: 2233: 2213: 2184: 2175: 1959:and the 2000s re-formation of 1883:briefly changed their name to 1872:(born Anthony Benedetto), and 1845:as "Alexander Nevermind" and " 1461:Writers Guild of America, East 1397: 1253:American Civil Liberties Union 962:, ready to drink). In 1716, a 956:Antoine Bonnet dit Prettaboire 799:A Series of Unfortunate Events 584:used the name Currer Bell for 430: 13: 1: 3740:Stix, Harriet (14 May 1986). 2605:My Early Life - Related Books 2535:Rubin, Harold Francis (1916–) 2485:Weaver, Dustin (1 May 2013). 1294:), discussion sites (such as 1114:Individuals using a computer 508: 5911:Applications of cryptography 3771:. Nymag.com. 22 January 2008 3179:Enos, Lori (27 March 2000). 1864:(born Concetta Franconero), 948:Jean Deslandes dit Champigny 944:Jean Amarault dit Lafidélité 844:protect subjects' identities 371: 321:are used by members of some 7: 3293:(Greenwich, CT: JAI Press). 3291:Advances in Group Processes 2989:"Anonymity and Its Enemies" 2915:. Historica. Archived from 2320:Online Etymology Dictionary 1985: 1860:(born Dino Paul Crocetti), 1339:online disinhibition effect 1095:. These take the form of a 846:through a process known as 833: 577:The Tenant of Wildfell Hall 483:Criminals may use aliases, 469: 10: 5932: 5463:Imperial, royal, and noble 4090:Another list of pseudonyms 3993: 3860:Howe, Walker and Stammers 3346:10.1162/105864001300122476 3032:". In H. Federrath (ed.), 2389:Gröndahl & Asokan 2020 2219:du Pont, George F. (2001) 1876:(born Stefani Germanotta) 1695:. Another example is that 1514:George or Georgina Spelvin 1510:Directors Guild of America 1481:another well-known actress 1401: 1373: 1317:on distributed systems. 1237:Knowledge's privacy policy 1083:Digenis (Διγενής). In the 877:-government organization. 857: 853: 434: 406: 396: 110: 29: 5870: 5678: 5650: 5547:Imperial, royal and noble 5532: 5443: 5424: 5357: 5246: 5156: 5064: 4982: 4944: 4921: 4838: 4785: 4752: 4667: 4634: 4551: 4540: 4435: 4365: 4246: 4220: 4171: 3846:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 1833:used an unpronounceable " 1829:For a time, the musician 654:, and Eric Arthur Blair ( 485:fictitious business names 382: 4388:Maiden and married names 4040:Peschke, Michael. 2006. 3285:26 February 2009 at the 3253:10.1007/3-540-45496-9_17 2577:"Two Winston Churchills" 2362:25 February 2021 at the 2290:Encyclopedia of religion 2226:21 February 2006 at the 2169: 1564: 425: 175: 5875:Category:Lists of names 3664:10.1145/1435497.1435503 3052:21 January 2021 at the 2768:Case & Leggett 2005 2540:14 January 2010 at the 2368:A Greek-English Lexicon 2345:A Greek-English Lexicon 2203:Oxford University Press 2063:List of Latinised names 1951:of the late 1970s band 1812:Alvin and the Chipmunks 1279:University of Cambridge 629:(as Jessica Sterling). 462:. Authors may practice 404:) 'lie, falsehood' and 4805:Eritrean and Ethiopian 4107:Anonymity Bibliography 4083:19 August 2015 at the 3113:14 August 2008 at the 3106:Clarke, Roger (1998). 2608:. Simon and Schuster. 2429:The Ruse That Roared, 2267:10.1287/orsc.1080.0371 1762:: Marilyn coming from 1412:, or, occasionally, a 1358: 1353:Comment types used on 1329: 1225:pseudonymous remailers 1164:pseudonymous remailers 1079:militant, adopted the 1067:, often adopted their 936:identification numbers 806:under the pen name of 793:, and Kamiru M. Xhan. 665:Some authors, such as 561:Anti-Federalist Papers 522: 464:adversarial stylometry 61: 33:Alias (disambiguation) 5735:Galton–Watson process 5340:Ancient Tamil country 4762:Australian Aboriginal 4124:The Real Name Fallacy 4003:ACM Computing Surveys 3449:10.1145/276758.276774 3076:10.1145/988672.988678 2993:Journal of Online Law 2199:UK English Dictionary 2148:Public key encryption 2143:Pseudonymous remailer 1963:. The punk rock band 1352: 1323: 1275:pseudonymous remailer 1213:unlinkable pseudonyms 1209:non-public pseudonyms 1085:French Foreign Legion 998:Ilich Ramírez Sánchez 927:French pronunciation: 858:Further information: 621:(as Madeline Brent), 544:The Federalist Papers 516: 298:for services such as 58:William Sydney Porter 56: 5502:Post-nominal letters 4621:Indigenous Taiwanese 4100:4 March 2016 at the 4055:Room, Adrian. 2010. 3535:10.2139/ssrn.2686164 3363:on 23 November 2008. 3215:4 March 2016 at the 3204:Katayama, F. (2003) 2985:Froomkin, A. Michael 2370:, on Perseus project 2347:, on Perseus project 2255:Organization Science 2239:Peschke (2006, vii). 1808:Ross Bagdasarian Sr. 1593:improve this article 1540:The Brain of Morbius 1493:; and British actor 1364:anonymous reputation 1162:". On the Internet, 1075:, the Greek-Cypriot 1014:Subcomandante Marcos 996:include Carlos, for 885:William Sealy Gosset 710:Winston S. Churchill 699:The Cuckoo's Calling 346:collective pseudonym 323:religious institutes 280:resistance fighters' 204:improve this article 5862:Surnames by country 5487:Pre-nominal letters 4544:Surnames by country 3923:Winn, John (2009). 3134:on 11 December 2006 3028:9 July 2011 at the 2919:on 29 December 2010 2431:The Washington Post 2083:List of stage names 1499:Joel and Ethan Coen 1457:Screen Actors Guild 1324:Comment quality on 1307:serial pseudonymity 1183:digital credentials 1134:", or, sometimes, " 1026:Mandatory Palestine 1016:, spokesman of the 986:resistance fighters 865:Nicolaus Copernicus 819:anonymity pseudonym 742:Perri O'Shaughnessy 498:The Washington Post 450:Concealing identity 414:) "name". The term 394:"false name", from 238:Pseudonyms include 128:falsely named') or 5725:Endonym and exonym 5668:Calendar of saints 5651:Related traditions 5425:Manners of address 4787:Sub-Saharan Africa 4208:Nobiliary particle 3718:Toronto Daily Mail 3231:Information Hiding 2686:The New York Times 2679:(4 October 1991). 2640:. Waterbury Press. 2414:The New York Times 2209:on 10 August 2020. 2138:Pseudonymous Bosch 2073:List of pseudonyms 2008:Anonymous remailer 1903:, Azalea Street), 1826:" as Frank Bjorn. 1390:after co-founding 1359: 1330: 1286:Online reputations 1247:System operators ( 1217:anonymous remailer 988:, terrorists, and 931:[nɔ̃dəɡɛʁ] 553:Alexander Hamilton 523: 489:dummy corporations 62: 5883: 5882: 5811:Personal identity 5646: 5645: 5353: 5352: 5294: 5242: 5241: 5203: 5196: 5189: 5147: 5128: 5121: 5114: 5107: 5055: 5026: 5019: 5012: 5005: 4907: 4900: 4595: 4588: 4581: 4574: 4366:By life situation 4319: 4113:Anonymity Network 4065:978-0-7864-4373-4 4050:978-3-598-24960-0 3936:978-0-307-45239-9 3747:Los Angeles Times 3694:Los Angeles Times 3673:978-1-60558-124-8 3648:. pp. 31–6. 3262:978-3-540-42733-9 3085:978-1-58113-844-3 2615:978-1-4391-2506-9 2583:. 19 October 1940 2515:Publishers Weekly 2313:Harper, Douglas. 2299:978-0-02-865733-2 2088:Mononymous person 2038:Digital signature 1905:Ol' Dirty Bastard 1892:were a new band. 1669: 1668: 1661: 1643: 1414:professional name 1368:pseudonym parties 1205:public pseudonyms 982:Polish resistance 978:French resistance 848:de-identification 823:multiple-use name 706:Winston Churchill 603:Wuthering Heights 479:Criminal activity 366:James S. A. Corey 296:online identities 270:, Graecisms, and 236: 235: 228: 16:(Redirected from 5923: 5696:Anthropomorphism 5441: 5440: 5389:Buddhist surname 5290: 5199: 5192: 5185: 5145:Hispanic America 5143: 5124: 5117: 5110: 5103: 5051: 5022: 5015: 5010:African-American 5008: 5001: 4919: 4918: 4903: 4896: 4867:Ashkenazi Jewish 4672:and Western Asia 4637:and Central Asia 4591: 4584: 4577: 4570: 4549: 4548: 4410:Placeholder name 4315: 4259:Double-barrelled 4154: 4147: 4140: 4131: 4130: 4037: 4019: 3988: 3987: 3985: 3983: 3972: 3966: 3965: 3963: 3961: 3947: 3941: 3940: 3920: 3914: 3911: 3905: 3902: 3896: 3893: 3887: 3882: 3876: 3871: 3865: 3858: 3852: 3851: 3845: 3837: 3835: 3833: 3815: 3806: 3805: 3803: 3801: 3787: 3781: 3780: 3778: 3776: 3765: 3759: 3758: 3756: 3754: 3737: 3731: 3730: 3728: 3726: 3712: 3706: 3705: 3703: 3701: 3684: 3678: 3677: 3657: 3629: 3623: 3622: 3608: 3602: 3601: 3599: 3592: 3583: 3577: 3576: 3574: 3563: 3552: 3546: 3545: 3522: 3513: 3512: 3510: 3508: 3493: 3487: 3486: 3474: 3468: 3467: 3459: 3453: 3452: 3432: 3426: 3425: 3423: 3421: 3404: 3395: 3394: 3392: 3390: 3381:. Archived from 3374: 3365: 3364: 3362: 3356:. Archived from 3339: 3321: 3312: 3303: 3300: 3294: 3273: 3267: 3266: 3246: 3236: 3225: 3219: 3202: 3196: 3195: 3193: 3191: 3185:E-Commerce Times 3176: 3170: 3169: 3167: 3165: 3150: 3144: 3143: 3141: 3139: 3124: 3118: 3104: 3098: 3097: 3063: 3057: 3043: 3037: 3019: 3013: 3012: 3007:. Archived from 2981: 2975: 2974: 2972: 2970: 2961:. Archived from 2954: 2948: 2944: 2938: 2935: 2929: 2928: 2926: 2924: 2909: 2903: 2902: 2900: 2898: 2881: 2875: 2874: 2872: 2870: 2856: 2850: 2849: 2835: 2829: 2828: 2826: 2824: 2809: 2803: 2802: 2800: 2798: 2784: 2778: 2777: 2765: 2759: 2758: 2756: 2754: 2742:Oxenham, Simon. 2739: 2733: 2732: 2709: 2703: 2702: 2700: 2698: 2689:. Archived from 2673: 2667: 2666: 2664: 2662: 2648: 2642: 2641: 2636:Granand (2022). 2633: 2627: 2626: 2624: 2622: 2599: 2593: 2592: 2590: 2588: 2573: 2567: 2566: 2564: 2562: 2551: 2545: 2532: 2526: 2525: 2523: 2521: 2506: 2497: 2496: 2482: 2476: 2475: 2461: 2455: 2440: 2434: 2427: 2421: 2400:Robertson, Nan, 2398: 2392: 2386: 2380: 2377: 2371: 2354: 2348: 2338: 2332: 2331: 2329: 2327: 2310: 2304: 2303: 2285: 2279: 2278: 2246: 2240: 2237: 2231: 2217: 2211: 2210: 2205:. Archived from 2188: 2182: 2179: 2133:Pseudonymization 2118:Placeholder name 2043:Friend-to-friend 1701:Peter and Gordon 1664: 1657: 1653: 1650: 1644: 1642: 1601: 1577: 1569: 1091:used by Islamic 958:, for a soldier 933: 928: 899:Satoshi Nakamoto 893:Guinness Brewery 623:Christopher Wood 582:Charlotte Brontë 493:corporate shells 409: 408: 399: 398: 385: 384: 362:Nicolas Bourbaki 329:leaders such as 319:devotional names 231: 224: 220: 217: 211: 188: 180: 163: 162: 159: 158: 155: 152: 149: 146: 143: 140: 127: 121: 114: 102: 101: 98: 97: 94: 91: 88: 85: 82: 79: 76: 50: 43: 36: 21: 5931: 5930: 5926: 5925: 5924: 5922: 5921: 5920: 5886: 5885: 5884: 5879: 5866: 5701:Personification 5674: 5642: 5528: 5430: 5426: 5420: 5416:Theophoric name 5349: 5254: 5238: 5152: 5060: 4978: 4940: 4917: 4846: 4834: 4781: 4748: 4671: 4663: 4636: 4630: 4542: 4536: 4431: 4398:Posthumous name 4361: 4242: 4216: 4167: 4158: 4102:Wayback Machine 4085:Wayback Machine 4074: 4044:Detroit: Gale. 4026:10.1145/3310331 3996: 3991: 3981: 3979: 3974: 3973: 3969: 3959: 3957: 3949: 3948: 3944: 3937: 3921: 3917: 3912: 3908: 3903: 3899: 3894: 3890: 3883: 3879: 3872: 3868: 3859: 3855: 3839: 3838: 3831: 3829: 3816: 3809: 3799: 3797: 3789: 3788: 3784: 3774: 3772: 3767: 3766: 3762: 3752: 3750: 3738: 3734: 3724: 3722: 3714: 3713: 3709: 3699: 3697: 3685: 3681: 3674: 3655:10.1.1.156.4099 3630: 3626: 3609: 3605: 3597: 3590: 3584: 3580: 3572: 3561: 3553: 3549: 3523: 3516: 3506: 3504: 3502:The Disqus Blog 3494: 3490: 3475: 3471: 3460: 3456: 3433: 3429: 3419: 3417: 3405: 3398: 3388: 3386: 3375: 3368: 3360: 3319: 3313: 3306: 3301: 3297: 3287:Wayback Machine 3274: 3270: 3263: 3234: 3226: 3222: 3217:Wayback Machine 3203: 3199: 3189: 3187: 3177: 3173: 3163: 3161: 3160:. 31 March 2000 3158:The Irish Times 3152: 3151: 3147: 3137: 3135: 3126: 3125: 3121: 3115:Wayback Machine 3105: 3101: 3086: 3064: 3060: 3054:Wayback Machine 3044: 3040: 3030:Wayback Machine 3020: 3016: 3011:on 25 May 2008. 2982: 2978: 2968: 2966: 2955: 2951: 2945: 2941: 2936: 2932: 2922: 2920: 2911: 2910: 2906: 2896: 2894: 2882: 2878: 2868: 2866: 2858: 2857: 2853: 2836: 2832: 2822: 2820: 2811: 2810: 2806: 2796: 2794: 2786: 2785: 2781: 2771: 2766: 2762: 2752: 2750: 2740: 2736: 2729: 2710: 2706: 2696: 2694: 2674: 2670: 2660: 2658: 2650: 2649: 2645: 2634: 2630: 2620: 2618: 2616: 2600: 2596: 2586: 2584: 2575: 2574: 2570: 2560: 2558: 2553: 2552: 2548: 2542:Wayback Machine 2533: 2529: 2519: 2517: 2507: 2500: 2483: 2479: 2462: 2458: 2441: 2437: 2428: 2424: 2399: 2395: 2387: 2383: 2378: 2374: 2364:Wayback Machine 2355: 2351: 2339: 2335: 2325: 2323: 2311: 2307: 2300: 2286: 2282: 2247: 2243: 2238: 2234: 2228:Wayback Machine 2218: 2214: 2190: 2189: 2185: 2181:Room (2010, 3). 2180: 2176: 2172: 2167: 2158:Secret identity 2028:Confidentiality 1988: 1787:lovehatetragedy 1744:Dimebag Darrell 1714:bands, such as 1693:Paul Procopolis 1677:George Harrison 1665: 1654: 1648: 1645: 1602: 1600: 1590: 1578: 1567: 1495:Stewart Granger 1426: 1406: 1400: 1376: 1288: 1270: 1268:Confidentiality 1112: 1110:Online activity 1065:Josip Broz Tito 1038:Michael Collins 1030:Yitzchak Shamir 1020:(EZLN). During 926: 915: 862: 856: 838:Pseudonyms and 836: 802:are written by 787:Victor Appleton 763: 758:Asa Earl Carter 746:Frederic Dannay 734:Richard Bachman 725:Erwin von Busse 694:Cormoran Strike 619:Peter O'Donnell 511: 481: 472: 452: 439: 433: 428: 374: 342:collective name 327:Communist party 308:internet forums 282:or terrorists' 232: 221: 215: 212: 201: 189: 178: 137: 133: 73: 69: 51: 44: 37: 30: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5929: 5919: 5918: 5913: 5908: 5903: 5898: 5881: 5880: 5878: 5877: 5871: 5868: 5867: 5865: 5864: 5859: 5858: 5857: 5852: 5847: 5842: 5841: 5840: 5825: 5820: 5819: 5818: 5808: 5801: 5796: 5791: 5784: 5779: 5774: 5769: 5768: 5767: 5762: 5757: 5749: 5748: 5747: 5737: 5732: 5727: 5722: 5717: 5712: 5711: 5710: 5709: 5708: 5693: 5688: 5682: 5680: 5676: 5675: 5673: 5672: 5671: 5670: 5660: 5654: 5652: 5648: 5647: 5644: 5643: 5641: 5640: 5639: 5638: 5633: 5631:Ecclesiastical 5623: 5618: 5613: 5608: 5607: 5606: 5601: 5591: 5586: 5581: 5580: 5579: 5574: 5569: 5564: 5559: 5554: 5544: 5538: 5536: 5530: 5529: 5527: 5526: 5525: 5524: 5523: 5522: 5509: 5499: 5489: 5484: 5483: 5482: 5481: 5480: 5478:Ecclesiastical 5470: 5465: 5460: 5449: 5447: 5438: 5422: 5421: 5419: 5418: 5413: 5408: 5407: 5406: 5396: 5391: 5386: 5385: 5384: 5379: 5374: 5367:Christian name 5363: 5361: 5355: 5354: 5351: 5350: 5348: 5347: 5342: 5337: 5332: 5327: 5322: 5317: 5312: 5307: 5302: 5297: 5296: 5295: 5283: 5278: 5273: 5268: 5262: 5260: 5257:Southeast Asia 5244: 5243: 5240: 5239: 5237: 5236: 5231: 5226: 5221: 5216: 5211: 5206: 5205: 5204: 5197: 5190: 5181:Eastern Slavic 5178: 5173: 5168: 5162: 5160: 5154: 5153: 5151: 5150: 5149: 5148: 5136: 5131: 5130: 5129: 5122: 5115: 5108: 5096: 5091: 5086: 5081: 5076: 5070: 5068: 5062: 5061: 5059: 5058: 5057: 5056: 5044: 5039: 5034: 5029: 5028: 5027: 5020: 5013: 5006: 4994: 4988: 4986: 4980: 4979: 4977: 4976: 4971: 4966: 4961: 4956: 4950: 4948: 4942: 4941: 4939: 4938: 4933: 4927: 4925: 4916: 4915: 4910: 4909: 4908: 4901: 4889: 4884: 4879: 4874: 4869: 4864: 4859: 4853: 4851: 4836: 4835: 4833: 4832: 4827: 4822: 4817: 4812: 4807: 4802: 4797: 4791: 4789: 4783: 4782: 4780: 4779: 4774: 4769: 4764: 4758: 4756: 4750: 4749: 4747: 4746: 4741: 4736: 4731: 4726: 4721: 4716: 4711: 4706: 4701: 4696: 4691: 4686: 4681: 4675: 4673: 4665: 4664: 4662: 4661: 4656: 4651: 4646: 4640: 4638: 4632: 4631: 4629: 4628: 4623: 4618: 4613: 4608: 4603: 4598: 4597: 4596: 4589: 4582: 4575: 4563: 4557: 4555: 4546: 4538: 4537: 4535: 4534: 4529: 4528: 4527: 4522: 4512: 4505: 4500: 4499: 4498: 4488: 4481: 4480: 4479: 4474: 4469: 4459: 4452: 4446: 4444: 4433: 4432: 4430: 4429: 4424: 4419: 4418: 4417: 4407: 4406: 4405: 4400: 4390: 4385: 4380: 4375: 4369: 4367: 4363: 4362: 4360: 4359: 4354: 4349: 4344: 4343: 4342: 4332: 4327: 4322: 4321: 4320: 4308: 4303: 4298: 4293: 4288: 4283: 4282: 4281: 4276: 4271: 4261: 4256: 4250: 4248: 4244: 4243: 4241: 4240: 4235: 4230: 4224: 4222: 4218: 4217: 4215: 4214: 4213: 4212: 4211: 4210: 4200: 4186: 4181: 4175: 4173: 4169: 4168: 4161:Personal names 4157: 4156: 4149: 4142: 4134: 4128: 4127: 4121: 4116: 4110: 4104: 4092: 4087: 4073: 4072:External links 4070: 4069: 4068: 4053: 4038: 3995: 3992: 3990: 3989: 3967: 3942: 3935: 3915: 3906: 3897: 3888: 3877: 3866: 3853: 3807: 3782: 3760: 3732: 3707: 3679: 3672: 3624: 3603: 3578: 3547: 3514: 3488: 3469: 3454: 3427: 3396: 3385:on 16 May 2016 3366: 3337:10.1.1.30.6376 3330:(2): 173–199. 3304: 3295: 3268: 3261: 3244:10.1.1.16.7923 3220: 3197: 3171: 3145: 3119: 3099: 3084: 3058: 3038: 3014: 2976: 2965:on 18 May 2015 2949: 2939: 2930: 2904: 2876: 2851: 2830: 2819:. 30 June 2015 2804: 2779: 2760: 2734: 2727: 2704: 2693:on 2 July 2018 2677:Carter, Dan T. 2668: 2643: 2628: 2614: 2594: 2568: 2555:"J.K. Rowling" 2546: 2527: 2498: 2477: 2456: 2435: 2422: 2393: 2381: 2372: 2349: 2333: 2305: 2298: 2280: 2261:(3): 481–499. 2241: 2232: 2212: 2183: 2173: 2171: 2168: 2166: 2165: 2160: 2155: 2150: 2145: 2140: 2135: 2130: 2128:Pseudepigrapha 2125: 2120: 2115: 2110: 2105: 2100: 2095: 2090: 2085: 2080: 2075: 2070: 2065: 2060: 2055: 2050: 2045: 2040: 2035: 2030: 2025: 2020: 2015: 2010: 2005: 2003:Anonymous post 2000: 1995: 1989: 1987: 1984: 1941:Nocturno Culto 1889:Grant Nicholas 1862:Connie Francis 1798:New York Dolls 1794:David Johansen 1790:was released. 1772:Jacoby Shaddix 1768:Charles Manson 1764:Marilyn Monroe 1760:Marilyn Manson 1697:Paul McCartney 1667: 1666: 1649:September 2018 1581: 1579: 1572: 1566: 1563: 1544:Terrance Dicks 1469:Michael J. Fox 1437:Lon Chaney Sr. 1433:Lon Chaney Jr. 1425: 1422: 1402:Main article: 1399: 1396: 1392:Apple Computer 1380:advice columns 1375: 1372: 1287: 1284: 1269: 1266: 1221:Penet remailer 1111: 1108: 1069:noms de guerre 994:noms de guerre 974:Noms de guerre 968:noms de guerre 940:noms de guerre 914: 911: 881:Sophie Germain 870:Commentariolus 855: 852: 835: 832: 808:Lemony Snicket 804:Daniel Handler 752:used the name 686:published the 684:Joanne Rowling 674:Elena Ferrante 667:Harold Robbins 568:Brontë sisters 510: 507: 503:identity fraud 480: 477: 471: 468: 451: 448: 435:Main article: 432: 429: 427: 424: 373: 370: 284:noms de guerre 234: 233: 192: 190: 183: 177: 174: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5928: 5917: 5914: 5912: 5909: 5907: 5904: 5902: 5899: 5897: 5894: 5893: 5891: 5876: 5873: 5872: 5869: 5863: 5860: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5848: 5846: 5843: 5839: 5836: 5835: 5834: 5831: 5830: 5829: 5826: 5824: 5821: 5817: 5814: 5813: 5812: 5809: 5807: 5806: 5802: 5800: 5797: 5795: 5792: 5790: 5789: 5785: 5783: 5780: 5778: 5775: 5773: 5770: 5766: 5763: 5761: 5758: 5756: 5753: 5752: 5750: 5746: 5743: 5742: 5741: 5738: 5736: 5733: 5731: 5728: 5726: 5723: 5721: 5718: 5716: 5713: 5707: 5704: 5703: 5702: 5699: 5698: 5697: 5694: 5692: 5689: 5687: 5684: 5683: 5681: 5677: 5669: 5666: 5665: 5664: 5661: 5659: 5656: 5655: 5653: 5649: 5637: 5634: 5632: 5629: 5628: 5627: 5624: 5622: 5619: 5617: 5614: 5612: 5609: 5605: 5602: 5600: 5597: 5596: 5595: 5592: 5590: 5587: 5585: 5582: 5578: 5575: 5573: 5570: 5568: 5565: 5563: 5560: 5558: 5555: 5553: 5550: 5549: 5548: 5545: 5543: 5540: 5539: 5537: 5535: 5531: 5521: 5517: 5513: 5510: 5508: 5505: 5504: 5503: 5500: 5498: 5495: 5494: 5493: 5490: 5488: 5485: 5479: 5476: 5475: 5474: 5471: 5469: 5466: 5464: 5461: 5459: 5456: 5455: 5454: 5451: 5450: 5448: 5446: 5442: 5439: 5437: 5433: 5429: 5423: 5417: 5414: 5412: 5411:Mandaean name 5409: 5405: 5402: 5401: 5400: 5397: 5395: 5392: 5390: 5387: 5383: 5380: 5378: 5375: 5373: 5372:Biblical name 5370: 5369: 5368: 5365: 5364: 5362: 5360: 5356: 5346: 5343: 5341: 5338: 5336: 5333: 5331: 5328: 5326: 5323: 5321: 5318: 5316: 5313: 5311: 5308: 5306: 5303: 5301: 5298: 5293: 5289: 5288: 5287: 5284: 5282: 5279: 5277: 5274: 5272: 5269: 5267: 5264: 5263: 5261: 5258: 5253: 5249: 5245: 5235: 5232: 5230: 5227: 5225: 5222: 5220: 5217: 5215: 5212: 5210: 5207: 5202: 5198: 5195: 5191: 5188: 5184: 5183: 5182: 5179: 5177: 5174: 5172: 5169: 5167: 5164: 5163: 5161: 5159: 5155: 5146: 5142: 5141: 5140: 5137: 5135: 5132: 5127: 5123: 5120: 5116: 5113: 5109: 5106: 5102: 5101: 5100: 5097: 5095: 5092: 5090: 5087: 5085: 5082: 5080: 5077: 5075: 5072: 5071: 5069: 5067: 5063: 5054: 5050: 5049: 5048: 5045: 5043: 5040: 5038: 5035: 5033: 5030: 5025: 5021: 5018: 5014: 5011: 5007: 5004: 5000: 4999: 4998: 4995: 4993: 4990: 4989: 4987: 4985: 4981: 4975: 4972: 4970: 4967: 4965: 4962: 4960: 4957: 4955: 4952: 4951: 4949: 4947: 4943: 4937: 4934: 4932: 4929: 4928: 4926: 4924: 4920: 4914: 4911: 4906: 4902: 4899: 4898:Ancient Greek 4895: 4894: 4893: 4890: 4888: 4885: 4883: 4880: 4878: 4875: 4873: 4870: 4868: 4865: 4863: 4860: 4858: 4855: 4854: 4852: 4850: 4845: 4844:North America 4841: 4837: 4831: 4828: 4826: 4823: 4821: 4818: 4816: 4813: 4811: 4808: 4806: 4803: 4801: 4798: 4796: 4793: 4792: 4790: 4788: 4784: 4778: 4775: 4773: 4770: 4768: 4765: 4763: 4760: 4759: 4757: 4755: 4751: 4745: 4742: 4740: 4737: 4735: 4732: 4730: 4727: 4725: 4722: 4720: 4717: 4715: 4712: 4710: 4707: 4705: 4702: 4700: 4697: 4695: 4692: 4690: 4687: 4685: 4682: 4680: 4677: 4676: 4674: 4670: 4666: 4660: 4657: 4655: 4652: 4650: 4647: 4645: 4642: 4641: 4639: 4635:Northern Asia 4633: 4627: 4624: 4622: 4619: 4617: 4614: 4612: 4609: 4607: 4604: 4602: 4599: 4594: 4590: 4587: 4583: 4580: 4576: 4573: 4569: 4568: 4567: 4564: 4562: 4559: 4558: 4556: 4554: 4550: 4547: 4545: 4539: 4533: 4530: 4526: 4523: 4521: 4518: 4517: 4516: 4513: 4511: 4510: 4506: 4504: 4501: 4497: 4494: 4493: 4492: 4489: 4487: 4486: 4485:Nom de guerre 4482: 4478: 4475: 4473: 4470: 4468: 4465: 4464: 4463: 4460: 4458: 4457: 4453: 4451: 4448: 4447: 4445: 4442: 4438: 4434: 4428: 4425: 4423: 4420: 4416: 4413: 4412: 4411: 4408: 4404: 4401: 4399: 4396: 4395: 4394: 4391: 4389: 4386: 4384: 4381: 4379: 4376: 4374: 4371: 4370: 4368: 4364: 4358: 4355: 4353: 4350: 4348: 4345: 4341: 4338: 4337: 4336: 4333: 4331: 4328: 4326: 4323: 4318: 4314: 4313: 4312: 4309: 4307: 4304: 4302: 4299: 4297: 4294: 4292: 4289: 4287: 4284: 4280: 4277: 4275: 4272: 4270: 4267: 4266: 4265: 4262: 4260: 4257: 4255: 4252: 4251: 4249: 4245: 4239: 4236: 4234: 4231: 4229: 4226: 4225: 4223: 4219: 4209: 4206: 4205: 4204: 4201: 4199: 4195: 4192: 4191: 4190: 4187: 4185: 4182: 4180: 4177: 4176: 4174: 4172:Personal name 4170: 4166: 4162: 4155: 4150: 4148: 4143: 4141: 4136: 4135: 4132: 4125: 4122: 4120: 4117: 4114: 4111: 4108: 4105: 4103: 4099: 4096: 4093: 4091: 4088: 4086: 4082: 4079: 4076: 4075: 4066: 4062: 4058: 4054: 4051: 4047: 4043: 4039: 4035: 4031: 4027: 4023: 4018: 4013: 4009: 4005: 4004: 3998: 3997: 3977: 3971: 3956: 3952: 3946: 3938: 3932: 3928: 3927: 3919: 3910: 3901: 3892: 3886: 3881: 3875: 3870: 3863: 3857: 3849: 3843: 3827: 3826: 3821: 3814: 3812: 3796: 3792: 3786: 3770: 3764: 3749: 3748: 3743: 3736: 3721: 3719: 3711: 3696: 3695: 3690: 3683: 3675: 3669: 3665: 3661: 3656: 3651: 3647: 3643: 3639: 3635: 3628: 3620: 3616: 3615: 3607: 3596: 3589: 3582: 3571: 3567: 3560: 3559: 3551: 3544: 3540: 3536: 3532: 3528: 3521: 3519: 3503: 3499: 3492: 3484: 3480: 3473: 3465: 3458: 3450: 3446: 3442: 3438: 3431: 3416: 3415: 3410: 3403: 3401: 3384: 3380: 3373: 3371: 3359: 3355: 3354:2027.42/71559 3351: 3347: 3343: 3338: 3333: 3329: 3325: 3318: 3311: 3309: 3299: 3292: 3288: 3284: 3281: 3277: 3272: 3264: 3258: 3254: 3250: 3245: 3240: 3233: 3232: 3224: 3218: 3214: 3211: 3209: 3201: 3186: 3182: 3175: 3159: 3155: 3149: 3133: 3129: 3123: 3116: 3112: 3109: 3103: 3095: 3091: 3087: 3081: 3077: 3073: 3069: 3062: 3055: 3051: 3048: 3042: 3035: 3031: 3027: 3024: 3018: 3010: 3006: 3002: 2998: 2994: 2990: 2986: 2980: 2964: 2960: 2953: 2943: 2934: 2918: 2914: 2908: 2893: 2892: 2887: 2880: 2865: 2861: 2855: 2847: 2846: 2841: 2834: 2818: 2814: 2808: 2793: 2789: 2783: 2775: 2770:, p. 39. 2769: 2764: 2749: 2745: 2738: 2730: 2728:1-85242-560-1 2724: 2720: 2719: 2714: 2713:Home, Stewart 2708: 2692: 2688: 2687: 2682: 2678: 2672: 2657: 2653: 2647: 2639: 2632: 2617: 2611: 2607: 2606: 2598: 2582: 2578: 2572: 2556: 2550: 2543: 2539: 2536: 2531: 2516: 2512: 2505: 2503: 2494: 2493: 2488: 2481: 2473: 2472: 2467: 2460: 2453: 2449: 2445: 2444:nom de guerre 2439: 2432: 2426: 2419: 2415: 2411: 2410:0-394-58452-X 2407: 2403: 2397: 2391:, p. 16. 2390: 2385: 2376: 2369: 2365: 2361: 2358: 2353: 2346: 2342: 2337: 2322: 2321: 2316: 2309: 2301: 2295: 2291: 2284: 2276: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2245: 2236: 2229: 2225: 2222: 2216: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2198: 2193: 2187: 2178: 2174: 2164: 2161: 2159: 2156: 2154: 2151: 2149: 2146: 2144: 2141: 2139: 2136: 2134: 2131: 2129: 2126: 2124: 2121: 2119: 2116: 2114: 2111: 2109: 2108:Onion routing 2106: 2104: 2101: 2099: 2096: 2094: 2091: 2089: 2086: 2084: 2081: 2079: 2076: 2074: 2071: 2069: 2066: 2064: 2061: 2059: 2056: 2054: 2051: 2049: 2046: 2044: 2041: 2039: 2036: 2034: 2031: 2029: 2026: 2024: 2021: 2019: 2018:Courtesy name 2016: 2014: 2011: 2009: 2006: 2004: 2001: 1999: 1996: 1994: 1991: 1990: 1983: 1981: 1977: 1973: 1968: 1966: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1893: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1877: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1866:Frankie Valli 1863: 1859: 1854: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1843:Sheena Easton 1840: 1836: 1832: 1827: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1816:David Seville 1813: 1810:, creator of 1809: 1805: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1789: 1788: 1783: 1782: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1732:Guns N' Roses 1729: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1708: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1689:nom de disque 1686: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1673:Jerry Samuels 1663: 1660: 1652: 1641: 1638: 1634: 1631: 1627: 1624: 1620: 1617: 1613: 1610: – 1609: 1605: 1604:Find sources: 1598: 1594: 1588: 1587: 1582:This section 1580: 1576: 1571: 1570: 1562: 1560: 1556: 1551: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1536:Douglas Adams 1533: 1532:City of Death 1529: 1525: 1521: 1519: 1518:Walter Plinge 1515: 1511: 1507: 1502: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1491: 1490:Femme Fatales 1486: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1449: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1438: 1434: 1429: 1421: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1405: 1395: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1384:Steve Wozniak 1381: 1371: 1369: 1365: 1356: 1351: 1347: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1327: 1322: 1318: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1303: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1283: 1280: 1276: 1265: 1263: 1259: 1254: 1250: 1245: 1243: 1238: 1234: 1228: 1226: 1223:) are called 1222: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1201: 1199: 1195: 1190: 1188: 1184: 1179: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1107: 1105: 1100: 1098: 1094: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1081:nom de guerre 1078: 1074: 1073:George Grivas 1070: 1066: 1062: 1058: 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