Psilocybin - Knowledge

1800:(DMN). The ToMN involves making inferences and understanding social situations based on patterns whereas, the DMN relates more to introspection and one's sense of self. The DMN in particular is related to increased rumination and worsening self-image in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). In studies done with single use psilocybin, areas of the DMN showed decreased functional connectivity (communication between areas of the brain). This provides functional insight into the work of psilocybin in increasing one's sense of connection to one's surroundings, as the areas of the brain involved in introspection decrease in functionality under the effects of the drug. Conversely, areas of the brain involved in the ToMN showed increased activity and functional activation in response to psychedelics. These results were not unique to psilocybin and there was no significant difference in brain activation found in similar trials of mescaline and LSD. Information and studies into the DMN and ToMN are relatively sparse and their connections to other psychiatric illnesses and the use of psychedelics is still largely unknown. 1601:

assess their experiences and the contribution of background and situational factors. Individuals who had experience with psilocybin prior to the study reported more pleasant experiences than those for whom the drug was novel. Group size, dosage, preparation, and expectancy were important determinants of the drug response. In general, those in groups of more than eight felt that the groups were less supportive, and their experiences less pleasant. Conversely, smaller groups (fewer than six) were seen as more supportive and reported more positive reactions to the drug in those groups. Leary and colleagues proposed that psilocybin heightens suggestibility, making an individual more receptive to interpersonal interactions and environmental stimuli. These findings were affirmed in a later review by Jos ten Berge (1999), who concluded that dosage, set, and setting were fundamental factors in determining the outcome of experiments that tested the effects of psychedelic drugs on artists' creativity.

1494:. But according to a 2008 review of safety guidelines in human hallucinogenic research, Leary's and Alpert's well-publicized termination from Harvard and later advocacy of hallucinogen use "further undermined an objective scientific approach to studying these compounds". In response to concerns about the increase in unauthorized use of psychedelic drugs by the general public, psilocybin and other hallucinogenic drugs were unfavorably covered in the press and faced increasingly restrictive laws. In the U.S., laws passed in 1966 that prohibited the production, trade, or ingestion of hallucinogenic drugs; Sandoz stopped producing LSD and psilocybin the same year. In 1970, Congress passed "The Federal Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act" that made LSD, peyote, psilocybin, and other hallucinogens illegal to use for any purpose, including scientific research. United States politicians' agenda against LSD usage had swept psilocybin along with it into the 37: 1715:(16%) (inability to properly direct or limit motions). The temporary increases in blood pressure caused by the drug can be a risk factor for users with pre-existing hypertension. These qualitative somatic effects caused by psilocybin have been corroborated by several early clinical studies. A 2005 magazine survey of clubgoers in the UK found that nausea or vomiting was experienced by over a quarter of those who had used psilocybin mushrooms in the last year, although this effect is caused by the mushroom rather than psilocybin itself. In one study, administration of gradually increasing dosages of psilocybin daily for 21 days had no measurable effect on 2096: 1670:), and this positive effect was still apparent over a year after the psilocybin session. According to the study authors, the finding is significant, because "no study has prospectively demonstrated personality change in healthy adults after an experimentally manipulated discrete event". A further study by Griffiths in 2017 found that doses of 20 to 30 mg/70 kg of psilocybin, inducing mystical-type experiences, brought more lasting changes to traits including altruism, gratitude, forgiveness and feeling close to others when they were combined with a regular 3921: 2009: 849: 826: 3808: 3771: 4358: 1813:

effects that psilocybin has on individuals can be observed by taking on an anthropological approach and moving away from the Western biomedical view; this is aided by the studies done by Leary. Within certain traditional societies, where the use of psilocybin is frequent for shamanic healing rituals, group collectives praise their guide, healer and shaman for helping alleviate their pains, aches and hurt. They do this through a group ritual practice where the group, or just the guide, ingests psilocybin to help extract any "

3788: 1377: 49: 2421: 1185: 1767:") describe a reaction accompanied by fear, other unpleasant feelings, and occasionally by dangerous behavior. In general, the phrase "bad trip" is used to describe a reaction that is characterized primarily by fear or other unpleasant emotions, not just a transitory experience of such feelings. A variety of factors may contribute to a psilocybin user experiencing a bad trip, including "tripping" during an emotional or physical low or in a non-supportive environment (see: 3177: 1365: 1736: 4040: 2534: 2234:(i.e., a "bad trip") at some point during the psilocybin session (which was not reported by any subject during the methylphenidate session); about one-third of these (13% of the total) reported that this dysphoria dominated the entire session. These negative effects were reported to be easily managed by the researchers and did not have a lasting negative effect on the subject's sense of well-being. 1751:. Users often feel as if time is slowed down, resulting in the perception that "minutes appear to be hours" or "time is standing still". Studies have demonstrated that psilocybin significantly impairs subjects' ability to gauge time intervals longer than 2.5 seconds, impairs their ability to synchronize to inter-beat intervals longer than 2 seconds, and reduces their preferred 3853:) and depends on species, strain, growth and drying conditions, and mushroom size. Cultivated mushrooms have less variability in psilocybin content than wild mushrooms. The drug is more stable in dried than fresh mushrooms; dried mushrooms retain their potency for months or even years, while mushrooms stored fresh for four weeks contain only traces of the original psilocybin. 2226:. The degree of mystical experience was measured using a questionnaire developed by Ralph W. Hood; 61% of subjects reported a "complete mystical experience" after their psilocybin session, while only 13% reported such an outcome after their experience with methylphenidate. Two months after taking psilocybin, 79% of the participants reported moderately to greatly increased 2242:; personality traits are normally stable across the lifespan for adults. Likewise, in a recent (2010) web-based questionnaire study designed to investigate user perceptions of the benefits and harms of hallucinogenic drug use, 60% of the 503 psilocybin users reported that their use of psilocybin had a long-term positive impact on their sense of well-being. 10278: 10252: 2189:; he later described his experience as "the most powerful cosmic homecoming I have ever experienced." In a 25-year followup to the experiment, all of the subjects given psilocybin described their experience as having elements of "a genuine mystical nature and characterized it as one of the high points of their spiritual life". Psychedelic researcher 4020:

psychedelic drugs, such as psilocybin, in an aim to reduce public harm. Similarly, religious groups like America's Uniao do Vegetal, UDV, use psychedelics in traditional ceremonies. A report from the U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) notes that people may petition the DEA for exemptions to use psilocybin for religious purposes.

10202:"BindingDB BDBM50081701 3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-1H-indol-4-ol::4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine::CHEMBL65547::N,N-dimethyl-4-hydroxytryptamine::Psilocin::US11427604, Compound (I-45)::US11453689, Compound Psilocin::US11591353, Compound I-45::US11597738, Example 3::US11642336, Compound Psilocin::US20240051978, Compound Psilocin" 2238:

their lives, and over two-thirds reported it among their five most spiritually significant events. About two-thirds indicated that the experience increased their sense of well-being or life satisfaction. Even after 14 months, those who reported mystical experiences scored on average 4 percentage points higher on the personality trait of

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sale and possession of psilocybin mushroom spores. Cultivation of psilocybin mushrooms is considered drug manufacture in most jurisdictions and is often severely penalized, though some countries and one US state (New Mexico) has ruled that growing psilocybin mushrooms does not qualify as "manufacturing" a controlled substance.

1539:. The new technique involved the use of ordinary kitchen implements, and for the first time the layperson was able to produce a potent entheogen in his own home, without access to sophisticated technology, equipment or chemical supplies." San Antonio's technique describes a method to grow the common edible mushroom 2198:

and long-term effects". This sentiment was echoed by psychiatrist William A. Richards, who in a 2007 review stated " mushroom use may constitute one technology for evoking revelatory experiences that are similar, if not identical, to those that occur through so-called spontaneous alterations of brain chemistry."

12192:. Criminal cases are decided with reference to domestic law, which may otherwise provide for controls over mushrooms containing psilocine and psilocybin. As the Board can only speak as to the contours of the international drug conventions, I am unable to provide an opinion on the litigation in question. 4098:

species are abundant in low-lying areas of Mexico, most ceremonial use takes places in mountainous areas of elevations greater than 1,500 meters (4,900 ft). Guzmán suggests this is a vestige of Spanish colonial influence from several hundred years earlier, when mushroom use was persecuted by the

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and feces. Although most of the remaining drug is eliminated in this way within 8 hours, it is still detectable in the urine after 7 days. Clinical studies show that psilocin concentrations in the plasma of adults average about 8 μg/liter within 2 hours after ingestion of a single

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spores are legal to sell and possess, because they contain neither psilocybin nor psilocin. In other jurisdictions, they are banned because they are items that are used in drug manufacture. A few jurisdictions (such as the US states of California, Georgia, and Idaho) have specifically prohibited the

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A review regarding the management of psychedelic overdoses suggested that psilocybin-related overdose management should prioritize managing the immediate adverse effects, such as anxiety and paranoia, rather than specific pharmacological interventions, as psilocybin's physiological toxicity tends to

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and the availability of brain imaging techniques have provided impetus for using drugs like psilocybin to probe the "neural underpinnings of psychotic symptom formation including ego disorders and hallucinations". Recent studies in the U.S. have attracted attention from the popular press and brought

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to 144 species in a 2005 review. The majority of these are found in Mexico (53 species), with the remainder distributed in the United States and Canada (22), Europe (16), Asia (15), Africa (4), and Australia and associated islands (19). The diversity of psilocybin mushrooms is reported to have been

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purification. Fricke et al. described an enzymatic pathway for the synthesis of psilocybin and psilocin, publishing their results in 2017. Sherwood et al. significantly improved upon Shirota's method (producing at the kilogram scale while employing less expensive reagents), publishing their results

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procedure, and several imprecise questions in the mystical experience questionnaire. Nevertheless, he said that the study cast "a considerable doubt on the assertion that mystical experiences catalyzed by drugs are in any way inferior to non-drug mystical experiences in both their immediate content

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Group therapies using "classic" psychedelics are becoming more commonly used in the Western world in clinical practice. This is speculated to grow, provided the evidence remains indicative of their safety and efficacy. In social sense, the group is shaped by their experiences surrounding psilocybin

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practice and an extensive spiritual practice support program. Although other researchers have described instances of psychedelic drug usage leading to new psychological understandings and personal insights, it is not known whether these experimental results can be generalized to larger populations.

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et al. were the first team to synthesize psilocybin in 1958. Since that time, various chemists have improved the methods for the laboratory synthesis and purification of psilocybin. In particular, Shirota et al. reported a novel method in 2003 for the synthesis of psilocybin at the gram scale from

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and colleagues at Harvard University investigated the role of set and setting on the effects of psilocybin. They administered the drug to 175 volunteers (from various backgrounds) in an environment intended to be similar to a comfortable living room. 98 of the subjects were given questionnaires to

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As you are aware, mushrooms containing the above substances are collected and used for their hallucinogenic effects. As a matter of international law, no plants (natural material) containing psilocin and psilocybin are at present controlled under the Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971.

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has also been developed to detect psilocin in whole blood samples. A 2009 publication reported using HPLC to quickly separate forensically important illicit drugs including psilocybin and psilocin, which were identifiable within about half a minute of analysis time. These analytical techniques to

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suggests the total number of use days for psychedelics is two orders of magnitude smaller than it is for cannabis, and unlike people who use cannabis and many other drugs, infrequent users of psychedelics account for most of the total days of use. The 2024 report by the RAND Corporation suggests

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Despite being illegal in many typically Western countries, such as the UK, Australia and some US states, less conservative governments opt to nurture the legal use of psilocybin and other psychedelic drugs. In Amsterdam, Netherlands, authorities provide education and promotion on the safe use of

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Biosynthetic route previously thought to lead to psilocybin. It has recently been shown that 4-hydroxylation and O-phosphorylation immediately follow decarboxylation, and neither dimethyltryptamine nor psilocin are intermediates, although spontaneously generated psilocin can be converted back to

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A follow-up study conducted 14 months after the original psilocybin session confirmed that participants continued to attribute deep personal meaning to the experience. Almost one-third of the subjects reported that the experience was the single most meaningful or spiritually significant event of

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conducted a study to assess the immediate and long-term psychological effects of the psilocybin experience, using a modified version of the mystical experience questionnaire and a rigorous double-blind procedure. When asked in an interview about the similarity of his work with Leary's, Griffiths

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studies regarding "personal insights" and the psychosocial effects of psilocybin, it can be seen in many traditional societies that powerful mind-active substances such as psilocybin are regularly "consumed ritually for therapeutic purposes or for transcending normal, everyday reality". Positive

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are 199 and 21, respectively. The lethal dose from psilocybin toxicity alone is unknown, and has rarely been documented—as of 2011, only two cases attributed to overdosing on hallucinogenic mushrooms (without concurrent use of other drugs) have been reported in the scientific literature and may

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and colleagues systematically evaluated mystical experiences (which they called "mystical consciousness") by categorizing their common features. These categories, according to Pahnke, "describe the core of a universal psychological experience, free from culturally determined philosophical or

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Lindenblatt H, Krämer E, Holzmann-Erens P, Gouzoulis-Mayfrank E, Kovar KA (May 1998). "Quantitation of psilocin in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography and electrochemical detection: comparison of liquid-liquid extraction with automated on-line solid-phase extraction".

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An interesting fact may be the much shorter half-life (mean 74.1 ± 19.6 minutes i.v. compared to 163 ± 64 minutes p.o.) and duration of action (subjective effects lasting only 15–30 minutes) when psilocybin is given intravenously, as performed in a recent double-blind placebo controlled

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countries have tightened their legislation on psilocybin mushrooms in response to concerns about their prevalence and increasing usage. In the 1990s, hallucinogens and their effects on human consciousness were again the subject of scientific study, particularly in Europe. Advances in

10228:"BindingDB BDBM50171269 3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-1H-indol-4-yl dihydrogen phosphate::4-phosphoryloxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine::CHEMBL194378::Indocybin::O-phosphoryl-4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine::Psilocybine::US11597738, Example 4::psilocin phosphate ester::psilocybin" 1869:, indicating that it has low potential for inducing life-threatening events like breathing or heart problems. Research shows that health risks may develop with use of psilocybin. Nonetheless, hospitalizations from it are rare, and overdoses are generally mild and self-limiting. 1620:, among those given a moderate dose (but still enough to "give a high probability of a profound and beneficial experience"), negative experiences were rare, whereas one-third of those given a high dose experienced anxiety or paranoia. Low doses can induce hallucinatory effects. 4026:

Advocates for legalization argue there is a lack of evidence of harm, and potential use in treating certain mental health conditions. Research is difficult to conduct because of the legal status of psychoactive substances. Advocates for legalization also promote the utility of

3755:—considered by Guzmán to be the world's most widely distributed psilocybin mushroom—is found in Europe, North America, Asia, South America, Australia and New Zealand, but is entirely absent from Mexico. Although the presence or absence of psilocybin is not of much use as a 1959:

have been reported in the literature. A 2005 survey, conducted in the United Kingdom, found that almost a quarter of those who had used psilocybin mushrooms in the past year had experienced a panic attack. Other adverse effects, less frequently reported, include paranoia,

1996:(HPPD) is characterized by a continual presence of visual disturbances similar to those generated by psychedelic substances. Neither flashbacks nor HPPD are commonly associated with psilocybin usage, and correlations between HPPD and psychedelics are further obscured by 4533:

One of the reported fatalities, that of a 22-year-old French man who died in 1993, was later challenged in the literature by Jochen Gartz and colleagues, who concluded "the few reported data concerning the victim are insufficient to exclude other possible causes of the

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Although psilocybin may be prepared synthetically, outside of the research setting it is not typically used in this form. The psilocybin present in certain species of mushrooms can be ingested in several ways: by consuming fresh or dried fruit bodies, by preparing an

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in the brain. Psilocybin's mind-altering effects typically last two to six hours, although to people under the influence of psilocybin, they may seem to last much longer, since the drug can distort the perception of time. Possession of psilocybin-containing mushrooms

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of illicit drugs. Such restrictions on the use of these drugs in human research made funding for such projects difficult to obtain, and scientists who worked with psychedelic drugs faced being "professionally marginalized". Although Hofmann tested these compounds

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When selecting adverse event profile rates, the shortest time period available was selected and analyzed (eg, day 1 instead of day 30) since the half-life of psilocin is 3 ± 1.1 hours when taken orally and the duration of action can range between 3 to 12

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15 mg oral psilocybin dose; psychological effects occur with a blood plasma concentration of 4–6 μg/liter. Psilocybin is approximately 1/100 the potency of LSD on a weight per weight basis, and the physiological effects last about half as long.

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Despite the legal restrictions on psilocybin use, the 1970s witnessed the emergence of psilocybin as the "entheogen of choice". This was due in large part to wide dissemination of information on the topic, which included works such as those by

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Ledwos N, Rosenblat JD, Blumberger DM, Castle DJ, McIntyre RS, Mulsant BH, et al. (2022). "A Critical Appraisal of Evidence on the Efficacy and Safety of Serotonergic Psychedelic Drugs as Emerging Antidepressants: Mind the Evidence Gap".

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Keller T, Schneider A, Regenscheit P, Dirnhofer R, Rücker T, Jaspers J, et al. (January 1999). "Analysis of psilocybin and psilocin in Psilocybe subcubensis Guzmán by ion mobility spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry".

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and how they view the plant collectively. As mentioned in the anthropology article, the group partakes in a "journey" together, thus adding to the spiritual, social body where roles, hierarchies and gender are subjectively understood.

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Gérault A, Picart D (1996). "Intoxication mortelle à la suite de la consommation volontaire et en groupe de champignons hallucinogènes" [Fatal poisoning after a group of people voluntarily consumed hallucinogenic mushrooms].

6815:"Psilocybin-occasioned mystical-type experience in combination with meditation and other spiritual practices produces enduring positive changes in psychological functioning and in trait measures of prosocial attitudes and behaviors" 1987:

studies of this psychotic disorder. In both cases, psychotic symptoms are thought to arise from a "deficient gating of sensory and cognitive information" in the brain that ultimately lead to "cognitive fragmentation and psychosis".

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to psilocybin builds and dissipates quickly; ingesting psilocybin more than about once a week can lead to diminished effects. Tolerance dissipates after a few days, so doses can be spaced several days apart to avoid the effect. A

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Panic reactions can occur after consumption of psilocybin-containing mushrooms, especially if the ingestion is accidental or otherwise unexpected. Reactions characterized by violent behavior, suicidal thoughts, schizophrenia-like

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that can circulate in the blood plasma, including 4-hydroxyindole-3-acetaldehyde (4-HIAL), 4-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (4-HIAA), and 4-hydroxytryptophol (4-HTOL). Some psilocin is not broken down by enzymes and instead forms a

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Hasler F, Bourquin D, Brenneisen R, Bär T, Vollenweider FX (June 1997). "Determination of psilocin and 4-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid in plasma by HPLC-ECD and pharmacokinetic profiles of oral and intravenous psilocybin in man".

12996: 2071:, all of which were associated with "an excess risk of developing clinical features associated with drug dependence". Likewise, a 2010 Dutch study ranked the relative harm of psilocybin mushrooms compared to a selection of 19 1548:

Because of lack of clarity about laws concerning psilocybin mushrooms, specifically in the form of sclerotia (also known as "truffles"), in the late 1990s and early 2000s European retailers commercialized and marketed them in

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in the Netherlands, the UK, and online. Several websites emerged that contributed to the accessibility of information on the mushrooms' description, use, and effects, and users exchanged mushroom experiences. Since 2001, six

2488:-phosphorylation is in fact the third step, and that neither dimethyltryptamine nor psilocin are intermediates. The sequence of the intermediate steps has been shown to involve four enzymes (PsiD, PsiH, PsiK, and PsiM) in 11238:"Analysis and characterization of psilocybin and psilocin using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) with collision-induced-dissociation (CID) and source-induced dissociation (SID)" 11161:

Saito K, Toyo'oka T, Fukushima T, Kato M, Shirota O, Goda Y (2004). "Determination of psilocin in magic mushrooms and rat plasma by liquid chromatography with fluorimetry and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry".

3849:, younger, smaller mushrooms tend to have a higher concentration of the drug than larger, mature mushrooms. In general, the psilocybin content of mushrooms is quite variable (ranging from almost nothing to 2.5% of the 7653: 13285:"Comparative oral monotherapy of psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, ayahuasca, and escitalopram for depressive symptoms: systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis" 7607: 1814: 12494: 3430:. Although the determination of psilocin levels in urine can be performed without sample clean-up (i.e., removing potential contaminants that make it difficult to accurately assess concentration), the analysis in 1324:

among Siberian peoples. The few existing accounts that mention psilocybin mushrooms typically lack sufficient information to allow species identification, focusing on their effects. For example, Flemish botanist

2214:-funded study, published in 2006, has been praised by experts for the soundness of its experimental design. In the experiment, 36 volunteers without prior experience with hallucinogens were given psilocybin and 2245:

While many recent studies have concluded that psilocybin can cause mystical-type experiences having substantial and sustained personal meaning and spiritual significance, not all the medical community agree.

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mushrooms, and so nearly 1.7 kilograms (3.7 lb) of dried mushrooms, or 17 kilograms (37 lb) of fresh mushrooms, would be required for a 60-kilogram (130 lb) person to reach the 280 mg/kg

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noted, "The psilocybin experience seems to be warmer, not as forceful and less isolating. It tends to build connections between people, who are generally much more in communication than when they use LSD."

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In their studies on the psilocybin experience, Johns Hopkins researchers use peaceful music and a comfortable room to help ensure a comfortable setting, and experienced guides to monitor and reassure the

2047:. A 2008 study concluded that, based on US data from the period 2000–2002, adolescent-onset (defined here as ages 11–17) usage of hallucinogenic drugs (including psilocybin) did not increase the risk of 1762:

Users having a pleasant experience can feel a sense of connection to others, nature, and the universe; other perceptions and emotions are also often intensified. Users having an unpleasant experience (a

4169:. A systematic review published in 2021 found that the use of psilocybin as a pharmaceutical substance was associated with reduced intensity of depression symptoms. The role of psilocybin as a possible 1759:

activity, and the role that the prefrontal cortex is known to play in time perception. However, the neurochemical basis of psilocybin's effects on the perception of time are not known with certainty.

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Anastos N, Barnett NW, Pfeffer FM, Lewis SW (2006). "Investigation into the temporal stability of aqueous standard solutions of psilocin and psilocybin using high performance liquid chromatography".

3980:. Schedule I drugs are defined as drugs with a high potential for abuse or drugs that have no recognized medical uses. However, psilocybin mushrooms have had numerous medicinal and religious uses in 1471:. Sandoz also marketed and sold pure psilocybin under the name Indocybin to clinicians and researchers worldwide. There were no reports of serious complications when psilocybin was used in this way. 6912: 1577: 2254:

is that LSD, psilocybin, mescaline, and the like produce not a "higher consciousness" but rather a particular kind of "lower consciousness" known well to psychiatrists and neurologists—namely, '

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Studerus E, Kometer M, Hasler F, Vollenweider FX (November 2011). "Acute, subacute and long-term subjective effects of psilocybin in healthy humans: a pooled analysis of experimental studies".

3287:(DMT) and one study assumed that the effect on psilocybin would be similar since it is a structural analogue of DMT. However, only a small portion of psilocin appears to be metabolized by MAO. 3864:

in one study were shown to decrease with the increasing age of the sample: collections dated 11, 33, or 118 years old contained 0.84%, 0.67%, and 0.014% (all dry weight), respectively. Mature

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Yao Y, Guo D, Lu TS, Liu FL, Huang SH, Diao MQ, et al. (May 2024). "Efficacy and safety of psychedelics for the treatment of mental disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis".

12896:"Antidepressive, anxiolytic, and antiaddictive effects of ayahuasca, psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD): a systematic review of clinical trials published in the last 25 years" 2210:

explained the difference: "We are conducting rigorous, systematic research with psilocybin under carefully monitored conditions, a route which Dr. Leary abandoned in the early 1960s." The

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the psilocybin sample prior to analysis causes it to spontaneously lose its phosphoryl group and become psilocin—making it difficult to chemically discriminate between the two drugs. In

1452:, publishing their results in 1958. The team was aided in the discovery process by Hofmann's willingness to ingest mushroom extracts to help verify the presence of the active compounds. 8877: 12992: 1303:, the Spanish forbade traditional religious practices and rituals that they considered "pagan idolatry", including ceremonial mushroom use. For the next four centuries, the Indians of 4055:

concluded that the number of first-time psilocybin mushroom users in the United States was roughly equivalent to the number of first-time users of cannabis. A June 2024 report by the

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varies greatly between species and even between specimens of a species collected or grown from the same strain. Because most psilocybin biosynthesis occurs early in the formation of

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Hasler F, Bourquin D, Brenneisen R, Vollenweider FX (September 2002). "Renal excretion profiles of psilocin following oral administration of psilocybin: a controlled study in man".

1299:(published 1545–1590), and described how some merchants would celebrate upon returning from a successful business trip by consuming mushrooms to evoke revelatory visions. After the 25337: 7148:

Wittmann M, Carter O, Hasler F, Cahn BR, Grimberg U, Spring P, et al. (January 2007). "Effects of psilocybin on time perception and temporal control of behaviour in humans".

11237: 9210:"The significance of finerenone as a novel therapeutic option in diabetic kidney disease: a scoping review with emphasis on cardiorenal outcomes of the finerenone phase 3 trials" 13023: 4986:"Unlocking the healing power of psilocybin: an overview of the role of psilocybin therapy in major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder and substance use disorder" 13161:

Goodwin GM, Aaronson ST, Alvarez O, Arden PC, Baker A, Bennett JC, et al. (November 2022). "Single-Dose Psilocybin for a Treatment-Resistant Episode of Major Depression".

12061: 3307:. Tobacco smokers may also experience more powerful effects with psilocybin, because tobacco smoke exposure decreases the activity of MAO in the brain and peripheral organs. 25974: 25871: 12435: 13551:

Tagen M, Mantuani D, van Heerden L, Holstein A, Klumpers LE, Knowles R (September 2023). "The risk of chronic psychedelic and MDMA microdosing for valvular heart disease".

5230:Čampara A, Kovačić D (2024). "Exploring Psilocybin as a Tool for Studying Parkinsonism-Related Psychosis: A Narrative Review Supplemented with a Computational Approach". 4023:

From 1 July 2023, the Australian medicines regulator has permitted psychiatrists to prescribe psilocybin for the therapeutic treatment of treatment-resistant depression.

12945:"Rapid and sustained symptom reduction following psilocybin treatment for anxiety and depression in patients with life-threatening cancer: a randomized controlled trial" 11826:

Laussmann T, Meier-Giebing S (February 2010). "Forensic analysis of hallucinogenic mushrooms and khat (Catha edulis Forsk) using cation-exchange liquid chromatography".

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Bigwood J, Beug MW (May 1982). "Variation of psilocybin and psilocin levels with repeated flushes (harvests) of mature sporocarps of Psilocybe cubensis (Earle) Singer".

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in earlier life forms before assuming more complex functions in multicellular organisms, including humans. Other related indole-containing psychedelic compounds include

3335:. Neither of these tests, however, is specific for psilocybin; for example, the Marquis test will react with many classes of controlled drugs, such as those containing 13248:

Carhart-Harris R, Giribaldi B, Watts R, Baker-Jones M, Murphy-Beiner A, Murphy R, et al. (April 2021). "Trial of Psilocybin versus Escitalopram for Depression".

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Hollister LE, Prusmack JJ, Paulsen A, Rosenquist N (November 1960). "Comparison of three psychotropic drugs (psilocybin, JB-329, and IT-290) in volunteer subjects".

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activation. However, single high doses or widely spaced doses (e.g., months) are widely thought to be safe and concerns about cardiac toxicity apply more to chronic

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of clinical trials of psilocybin and other psychedelics for treatment of depression. In addition, as of September 2024, psilocybin and other psychedelics (excluding

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receptors also contribute to the subjective and behavioral effects of the drug. For example, psilocin indirectly increases the concentration of the neurotransmitter

1467:. Because these compounds' physiological effects last only about three and a half hours (about half as long as psilocybin's), they proved more manageable for use in 11556: 22496: 5042:[Collegiate Board Resolution No. 804 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control] (in Brazilian Portuguese). 4777:

van Amsterdam J, Opperhuizen A, Koeter M, van den Brink W (2010). "Ranking the harm of alcohol, tobacco and illicit drugs for the individual and the population".

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Pedersen-Bjergaard S, Sannes E, Rasmussen KE, Tønnesen F (July 1997). "Determination of psilocybin in Psilocybe semilanceata by capillary zone electrophoresis".

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However, some trials have not found psilocybin to significantly outperform placebo in the treatment of depression. In addition, a phase 2 trial found that two 25

1211:, and is believed to depict psychedelic mushrooms and the transformation of the user under their influence. The paintings are said to date back to 9000-7000 BC. 25498: 7930:

Reinert JP, Colunga K, Etuk A, Richardson V, Dunn RL (August 2020). "Management of overdoses of salvia, kratom, and psilocybin mushrooms: a literature review".

5254:

With a logS value of −3.009 and a plasma protein binding of 0.66, respectively, psilocybin has poor water solubility and is moderately bound to plasma proteins.

2153:. Some scholars have proposed that many of the qualities of a drug-induced mystical experience are indistinguishable from mystical experiences achieved through 25377: 25119: 21763: 8124: 2087:. Psilocybin mushrooms were ranked as the illicit drug with the lowest harm, corroborating conclusions reached earlier by expert groups in the United Kingdom. 13641: 9438: 1592:

The effects of psilocybin are highly variable and depend on the mindset and environment in which the user has the experience: factors commonly referred to as

25369: 15601: 15135: 15130: 15125: 15120: 12740: 11488: 10844:

van Amsterdam J, Talhout R, Vleeming W, Opperhuizen A (October 2006). "Contribution of monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibition to tobacco and alcohol addiction".

5876:

Heim R (1957). "Notes préliminaires sur les agarics hallucinogènes du Mexique" [Preliminary notes on the hallucination-producing agarics of Mexico].

2250:, formerly director of the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science at Johns Hopkins, responded as follows in a book review: "The unmentioned fact in 1135:(spirituality-enhancing agent) grew in the next decade, owing largely to the increased availability of information on how to cultivate psilocybin mushrooms. 336: 267: 1775:, can also increase the likelihood of a bad trip. Other than the duration of the experience, the effects of psilocybin are similar to comparable dosages of 1352:—Europe's most common and widespread psychedelic mushroom—involved a British family in 1799, who prepared a meal with mushrooms they had picked in London's 25332: 25312: 24910: 15606: 15100: 11923: 11663: 8197: 7191:

Wackermann J, Wittmann M, Hasler F, Vollenweider FX (April 2008). "Effects of varied doses of psilocybin on time interval reproduction in human subjects".

5561: 16002: 3383:(GC–MS) are the most widely used due to their high sensitivity and ability to separate compounds in complex biological mixtures. These techniques include 1829:

Most of the comparatively few fatal incidents that are associated with psychedelic mushroom usage involve the simultaneous use of other drugs, especially

1604:

After ingesting psilocybin, the user may experience a wide range of emotional effects which can include: feelings of disorientation, lethargy, giddiness,

25322: 25317: 25307: 15539: 15479: 15115: 15110: 15105: 15095: 15090: 15085: 15080: 15075: 15070: 15065: 11336:

Kamata T, Nishikawa M, Katagi M, Tsuchihashi H (November 2003). "Optimized glucuronide hydrolysis for the detection of psilocin in human urine samples".

8253:

Hyde C, Glancy G, Omerod P, Hall D, Taylor GS (June 1978). "Abuse of indigenous psilocybin mushrooms: a new fashion and some psychiatric complications".

6889: 4551:

Commentary on: Psilocybin can occasion mystical-type experiences having substantial and sustained personal meaning and spiritual experience by Griffiths

4282:

difference in reduction of depressive symptoms between groups. However, reductions in depressive symptoms were numerically greater with psilocybin, some

25876: 25861: 25453: 24557: 15931: 15494: 15484: 5539: 1796:

Psychedelics, including psilocybin, have been shown to affect different clusters of brain regions known as the "theory of mind network" (ToMN) and the

1267:—literally "divine mushroom": the agglutinative form of teō(tl) ("god", "sacred") and nanācatl ("mushroom") in Nahuatl. After Spanish explorers of the 17456: 312: 25856: 15989: 9186: 3991:

are not regulated by UN treaties. Many countries, however, have some level of regulation or prohibition of psilocybin mushrooms (for example, the US

3906: 3188:

The effects of the drug begin 10–40 minutes after ingestion, and last 2–6 hours depending on dose, species, and individual metabolism. The

7474:

Theriault J, Waytz A, Heiphetz L, Young L (June 2020). "Theory of mind network activity is associated with metaethical judgment: An item analysis".

17461: 15596: 14955: 8039: 3730: 1926: 9266: 4063:

In European countries, the lifetime prevalence estimates of psychedelic mushroom usage among young adults (15–34 years) range from 0.3% to 14.1%.

25851: 24802: 23642: 17466: 16077: 15611: 6686: 921: 10990:

Kamata T, Katagi M, Tsuchihashi H (2010). "Metabolism and toxicological analyses of hallucinogenic tryptamine analogues being abused in Japan".

2149:

that have lasting personal meaning and spiritual significance in individuals who are religious or spiritually inclined; these states are called

25473: 23780: 21184: 15961: 15499: 15032: 15022: 15012: 14860: 14487: 14409: 11640: 7274: 6279: 11865: 11301:

Kysilka R (December 1990). "Determination of psilocin in rat urine by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection".

9282: 8836: 1271:

arrived in the 16th century, chroniclers reported the use of mushrooms by the natives for ceremonial and religious purposes. According to the

25996: 25911: 25281: 25256: 25164: 24915: 23327: 23282: 22990: 19530: 16945: 16940: 16905: 15017: 15007: 15002: 14945: 14915: 14482: 14477: 14472: 14404: 14399: 14394: 13332:

Muthukumaraswamy SD, Forsyth A, Lumley T (September 2021). "Blinding and expectancy confounds in psychedelic randomized controlled trials".

9126: 4566:

Subjective effects are "feelings, perceptions, and moods personally experienced by an individual"; they are often assessed using methods of

25000: 24707: 24587: 24270: 24245: 23820: 22584: 21338: 21169: 19992: 19274: 16558: 16553: 15671: 15042: 15037: 15027: 14997: 14992: 14940: 14890: 14870: 14865: 14855: 14840: 14835: 14830: 14825: 14799: 14794: 14706: 14628: 14467: 14462: 14452: 14447: 14442: 14432: 14389: 14384: 14374: 14369: 14364: 14354: 8969:"Mystical-type experiences occasioned by psilocybin mediate the attribution of personal meaning and spiritual significance 14 months later" 5455: 3872:

from spores) lack appreciable amounts. Many species of mushrooms containing psilocybin also contain lesser amounts of the analog compounds

945: 15661: 12174: 8968: 24682: 24617: 24582: 24577: 24250: 24240: 24230: 23765: 23750: 23740: 23638: 23383: 23358: 23312: 22919: 22659: 22579: 21918: 21323: 21289: 19937: 19856: 19465: 19184: 18867: 17868: 15951: 15815: 15373: 15047: 14935: 14930: 14925: 14920: 14895: 14850: 14789: 14754: 14701: 14696: 14623: 14618: 14555: 14222: 13800: 12670: 10968: 10898: 10481: 10104:"Studies of the biogenic amine transporters. 14. Identification of low-efficacy "partial" substrates for the biogenic amine transporters" 8624:. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 149–162, Table 7.1 "Safety Ratio and Dependence Potential of Psychoactive Drugs". 8081: 7905: 7866: 6739: 6435: 6002: 5854: 4896: 4316:) have only been assessed in up to phase 2 clinical trials for psychiatric disorders and have not yet completed larger and more rigorous 3992: 3427: 1993: 12190:

preparations made of these plants are not under international control and, therefore, not subject of the articles of the 1971 Convention

11249: 11099:

Lee RE (July 1985). "A technique for the rapid isolation and identification of psilocin from psilocin/psilocybin-containing mushrooms".

7401:

Attema-de Jonge ME, Portier CB, Franssen EJ (December 2007). "" [Automutilation after consumption of hallucinogenic mushrooms].

7033:

Malitz S, Esecover H, Wilkens B, Hoch PH (February 1960). "Some observations on psilocybin, a new hallucinogen, in volunteer subjects".

6408: 3248:, about 50% of ingested psilocybin is absorbed through the stomach and intestine. About 80% of psilocin is glucuronidated into psilocin- 1380:

The increasing availability of information on growing techniques eventually made it possible for amateurs to grow psilocybin mushrooms (

1164: 24174: 23745: 23378: 23373: 23200: 22543: 21819: 21128: 19982: 19972: 19475: 16528: 15313: 15273: 14885: 14880: 14845: 14691: 14681: 14676: 14666: 14613: 14603: 14598: 14593: 14588: 14583: 14578: 14550: 14545: 11371:

Albers C, Köhler H, Lehr M, Brinkmann B, Beike J (December 2004). "Development of a psilocin immunoassay for serum and blood samples".

9353: 8497:

Vollenweider FX, Geyer MA (November 2001). "A systems model of altered consciousness: integrating natural and drug-induced psychoses".

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The academic communities' approval for the methodology employed is exemplified by the quartet of commentaries published in the journal

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of psilocybin is 163 ± 64 minutes when taken orally, or 74.1 ± 19.6 minutes when injected intravenously.

13019: 12495:

Submission to the Western Australian Inquiry Into Alternative Approaches to Reducing Illicit Drug Use and Its Effects on the Community

1199:

There is evidence to suggest that psychoactive mushrooms have been used by humans in religious ceremonies for thousands of years. The

324: 24260: 24255: 23677: 19139: 19134: 19129: 17848: 17838: 17833: 17818: 17813: 17808: 17788: 17783: 17778: 17773: 17758: 17743: 17733: 17723: 17718: 17708: 17688: 17663: 17628: 17415: 17405: 17395: 17375: 17370: 17360: 17350: 17320: 17315: 14540: 14530: 14525: 14520: 14267: 14262: 14257: 14252: 14242: 14237: 14232: 14227: 14217: 14207: 14197: 14177: 14167: 14162: 14157: 13972: 12718: 6648:"Acute psychological and physiological effects of psilocybin in healthy humans: a double-blind, placebo-controlled dose-effect study" 4524:

clinical study of 30 individuals who were given a dosage of 8–12 milligrams of psilocybin; from Passie (2002), citing Quentin (1960).

1624:

may occur, where the affected individual sees multicolored geometric shapes and vivid imaginative sequences. Some individuals report

12053: 12016: 11887:

Ohenoja E, Jokiranta J, Mäkinen T, Kaikkonen A, Airaksinen MM (1987). "The occurrence of psilocybin and psilocin in Finnish fungi".

11134:

Wurst M, Kysilka R, Koza T (1992). "Analysis and isolation of indole alkaloids of fungi by high-performance liquid chromatography".

6130: 4557:", by HD Kleber (pp. 291–292), DE Nichols (pp. 284–286), CR Schuster (pp. 289–290), and SH Snyder (pp. 287–288). 25990: 24455: 22234: 21618: 20775: 17285: 17280: 17270: 17250: 15357: 14331: 14137: 14132: 14082: 8591: 1983:

The similarity of psilocybin-induced symptoms to those of schizophrenia has made the drug a useful research tool in behavioral and

1973: 12526:

Johansen PØ, Krebs TS (March 2015). "Psychedelics not linked to mental health problems or suicidal behavior: a population study".

11734:

Kysilka R, Wurst M (March 1989). "High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of some psychotropic indole derivatives".

6104: 2181:

student volunteers who received psilocybin reported profound religious experiences. One of the participants was religious scholar

1636:

to primitive and childlike thinking, and activation of vivid memory traces with pronounced emotional undertones". Open-eye visual

26055: 24990: 24415: 22246: 21630: 20787: 19385: 16133: 14102: 13992: 13982: 13977: 13674: 8635: 6518: 10533:

Adams JD (2009). "Chemical interactions with pyramidal neurons in layer 5 of the cerebral cortex: control of pain and anxiety".

9127:"Psilocybin can occasion mystical-type experiences having substantial and sustained personal meaning and spiritual significance" 7435:"The relationship between the default mode network and the theory of mind network as revealed by psychedelics - A meta-analysis" 24442: 24433: 18860: 15232: 15227: 15222: 15217: 15207: 9805:"Metabolic engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the de novo production of psilocybin and related tryptamine derivatives" 7062:

Rinkel M, Atwell CR, Dimascio A, Brown J (February 1960). "Experimental psychiatry. V. Psilocybine, a new psychotogenic drug".

4259: 3400: 10692:

Meyer MR, Maurer HH (February 2011). "Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion pharmacogenomics of drugs of abuse".

26065: 24612: 24499: 24424: 15946: 12734: 12664: 12618:

Rodd R (September 2018). "It's all you! Australian ayahuasca drinking, spiritual development, and immunitary individualism".

12418: 12196: 12133: 11986: 11591: 11584:: A Systematic Revision of the Known Species Including the History, Distribution, and Chemistry of the Hallucinogenic Species 10962: 10935: 10892: 10787: 10475: 9347: 9090:

Richards WA (2008). "The phenomenology and potential religious import of states of consciousness facilitated by psilocybin".

9049: 8819: 8809: 8792: 8767: 8629: 8075: 7991: 7899: 7860: 7686: 7129: 6733: 6226: 6201: 5912: 5821: 5793: 5666: 5247: 4890: 3977: 1168: 1128: 11520:(Basidiomycotina, Agaricales, Strophariaceae) in the world mycobiota, with special attention to hallucinogenic properties". 6305: 26095: 20983: 15293: 13925: 10227: 10201: 9747: 7236:"Using psilocybin to investigate the relationship between attention, working memory, and the serotonin 1A and 2A receptors" 3965: 3913: 3902: 3380: 2836: 2154: 1300: 1160: 12993:"COMPASS Pathways Receives FDA Breakthrough Therapy Designation for Psilocybin Therapy for Treatment-resistant Depression" 9304: 5974:

Leary T, Metzner R, Presnell M, Weil G, Schwitzgebel R, Kinne S (1965). "A new behavior change program using psilocybin".

5039: 4290:

was statistically higher with psilocybin (57% with psilocybin vs. 28% with escitalopram). In any case, the antidepressant

1519:

and several books that taught the technique of growing psilocybin mushrooms. One of the most popular of the latter group,

1459:

of these compounds to examine how these structural changes affect psychoactivity. This research led to the development of

24835: 24807: 24446: 22194: 22067: 20721: 20581: 15904: 13905: 11548: 7301:"Neural underpinnings of temporal processing: a review of focal lesion, pharmacological, and functional imaging research" 4323:

A potential risk of frequent repeated use of psilocybin and other serotonergic psychedelics for psychiatric disorders is

4000: 1124: 1031: 150:

Psilocybine; Psilocibin; Psylocybin; Psilocybinum; Psilotsibin; Psilocin phosphate; Psilocin phosphate ester; Indocybin;

8785:

Food of the Gods: The Search for the Original Tree of Knowledge. A Radical History of Plants, Drugs, and Human Evolution

8451:

Geyer MA (July 1998). "Behavioral studies of hallucinogenic drugs in animals: implications for schizophrenia research".

7724:"The Use of Classic Hallucinogens/Psychedelics in a Therapeutic Context: Healthcare Policy Opportunities and Challenges" 6766:"Mystical experiences occasioned by the hallucinogen psilocybin lead to increases in the personality domain of openness" 3029: 1612:. In one study, 31% of volunteers given a high dose reported feelings of significant fear and 17% experienced transient 1446:(LSD) in 1938—led a research group that isolated and identified the psychoactive alkaloids psilocybin and psilocin from 18011: 16217: 8408:

Nielen RJ, van der Heijden FM, Tuinier S, Verhoeven WM (January 2004). "Khat and mushrooms associated with psychosis".

5735: 5698: 5035: 3888:

of phenolic compounds, this reaction is not a definitive method of identification or determining a mushroom's potency.

2142:

and a sense of contact with a "Transcendent Other"—reflecting a deeper understanding of our connectedness with nature.

2105: 12808:

Wark C, Galliher JF (May 2010). "Timothy Leary, Richard Alpert (Ram Dass) and the changing definition of psilocybin".

11979: 7852:

Handbook of Child and Adolescent Drug and Substance Abuse: Pharmacological, Developmental, and Clinical Considerations

6863:"Psilocybin (from magic mushrooms) plus meditation and spiritual training leads to lasting changes in positive traits" 2166:

theological interpretations", and allow researchers to assess mystical experiences on a qualitative, numerical scale.

990: 348: 22160: 22152: 22085: 21573: 21565: 20674: 20666: 20599: 16866: 15762: 15318: 15308: 15298: 15283: 15268: 12393: 10511: 6320: 4138: 2037: 1992:(spontaneous recurrences of a previous psilocybin experience) can occur long after having used psilocybin mushrooms. 1667: 965: 110: 11473: 8136: 3451:

determine psilocybin concentrations in body fluids are, however, not routinely available, and not typically used in

3073: 1873:

be rather limited. One analysis of people hospitalized from psilocybin poisoning found high urine concentrations of

1658:

of its users. About half of the study participants--described as healthy, "spiritually active", and many possessing

36: 26090: 22148: 21561: 20662: 15303: 15278: 15263: 12411:

Psychedelic mysticism: Transforming consciousness, religious experiences, and voluntary peasants in postwar America

5931:

Leary T, Litwin GH, Metzner R (December 1963). "Reactions to Psilocybjn Administered in a Supportive Environment".

4317: 2211: 2202: 1888:) when administered orally is 280 milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg), approximately one and a half times that of 12711: 12436:"DEA's Process for Religious Use of Psychedelics Needs More Consistent Standards, Government Watchdog Agency Says" 12286: 9428: 8330:(2010). "User perceptions of the benefits and harms of hallucinogenic drug use: a web-based questionnaire study". 2274:, or by combining with other foods to mask the bitter taste. In rare cases people have injected mushroom extracts 22315: 22210: 22156: 21644: 21569: 20858: 20737: 20670: 19734: 18593: 15288: 13895: 11807:

Gartz J (1992). "New aspects of the occurrence, chemistry and cultivation of European hallucinogenic mushrooms".

4216: 1495: 1105:

ceremonies before Spanish chroniclers first documented their use in the 16th century. In 1958, the Swiss chemist

623: 288: 11962: 11678: 8236: 1486:). Leary obtained synthesized psilocybin from Hofmann through Sandoz Pharmaceuticals. Some studies, such as the 1314:

Dozens of species of psychedelic mushrooms are found in Europe, but there is little documented usage of them in

25982: 24464: 17045: 11447: 10415:"Psychedelics and Neuroplasticity: A Systematic Review Unraveling the Biological Underpinnings of Psychedelics" 9756: 9433: 4550: 4208: 4166: 3388: 2904: 2391:. Psilocybin rapidly oxidizes upon exposure to light—an important consideration when using it as an analytical 973:

InChI=1S/C12H17N2O4P/c1-14(2)7-6-9-8-13-10-4-3-5-11(12(9)10)18-19(15,16)17/h3-5,8,13H,6-7H2,1-2H3,(H2,15,16,17)

13591:"Microdosing psychedelics and the risk of cardiac fibrosis and valvulopathy: Comparison to known cardiotoxins" 3367:

have been used to quantify psilocybin levels in mushroom samples. Although the earliest methods commonly used

2496:, although it is possible that the biosynthetic pathway differs between species. These enzymes are encoded in 1628:, such as tactile sensations when viewing colors. At higher doses, psilocybin can lead to "intensification of 26100: 22238: 21622: 20779: 17040: 16030: 15701: 15383: 7608:"Drug Addictions, Hallucinogens and Shamanism: the View from Anthropology - Document - Gale Academic OneFile" 7091:

Parashos AJ (1976). "The psilocybin-induced "state of drunkenness" in normal volunteers and schizophrenics".

5040:"RDC Nº 804 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial" 1922: 1468: 25488: 25423: 13047:"Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Psilocybin and Dimethyltryptamine in Depression Treatment: A Systematic Review" 9911:"Serotonergic Psychedelics: A Comparative Review of Efficacy, Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Binding Profile" 8540:

Geyer MA, Vollenweider FX (September 2008). "Serotonin research: contributions to understanding psychoses".

5374:"Psilocybin for Treating Psychiatric Disorders: A Psychonaut Legend or a Promising Therapeutic Perspective?" 3103:, a non-selective dopamine receptor antagonist. Taken together, these suggest that there may be an indirect 1739:

The ability of psilocybin to cause perceptual distortions is linked to its influence on the activity of the

1131:

curbed scientific research into the effects of psilocybin and other hallucinogens, but its popularity as an

24539: 24406: 23602: 22928: 22214: 20741: 13815: 12462:"Australian psychiatrists can now prescribe MDMA and psilocybin: who can access them and how do they work?" 9462:"Psilocybin: crystal structure solutions enable phase analysis of prior art and recently patented examples" 5451: 5043: 4545: 4158: 3161: 844: 725: 25516: 10570:"Me, myself, bye: regional alterations in glutamate and the experience of ego dissolution with psilocybin" 10153:"Interaction of psychoactive tryptamines with biogenic amine transporters and serotonin receptor subtypes" 9182: 8067:

Inner Paths to Outer Space: Journeys to Alien Worlds through Psychedelics and Other Spiritual Technologies

4823:

Nutt DJ, King LA, Phillips LD (November 2010). "Drug harms in the UK: a multicriteria decision analysis".

3884:. Although most species of psilocybin-containing mushrooms bruise blue when handled or damaged due to the 3107:

contribution to psilocin's psychotomimetic effects. Psilocybin and psilocin have no affinity for dopamine

2321:. Psilocybin is a member of the general class of tryptophan-based compounds that originally functioned as 25866: 22894: 22307: 22198: 21843: 21194: 20725: 19987: 19693: 19189: 18388: 17138: 15743: 13810: 13667: 13111:"Current Understanding on Psilocybin for Major Depressive Disorder: A Review Focusing on Clinical Trials" 6647: 6244:"A laboratory method to obtain fruit from cased grain spawn of the cultivated mushoom, Agaricus bisporus" 4243:). The antidepressant effects of psilocybin with psychological support have been found to last at least 6 4192: 3729:

and plant debris. Psilocybin mushrooms occur on all continents, but the majority of species are found in

3280: 1933:

of 641 (higher values correspond to a better safety profile); for comparison, the therapeutic indices of

1581: 1283:(published c. 1581), mushrooms were eaten in festivities conducted on the occasion of Aztec emperor 805: 794: 12351: 8008: 6457:

Berge JT (1999). "Breakdown or breakthrough? A history of European research into drugs and creativity".

2230:

and sense of well-being. About 36% of participants also had a strong to extreme "experience of fear" or

2095: 26085: 25675: 25139: 24275: 23850: 23113: 22689: 22281: 21938: 21343: 20832: 16185: 16108: 13945: 13915: 12571:"The abuse potential of medical psilocybin according to the 8 factors of the Controlled Substances Act" 10805:"Presence of phenylethylamine in hallucinogenic Psilocybe mushroom: possible role in adverse reactions" 7120:

Heimann H (1994). "Experience of time and space in model psychoses". In Pletscher A, Ladewig D (eds.).

4605:"The abuse potential of medical psilocybin according to the 8 factors of the Controlled Substances Act" 4521: 4118: 3116: 2889: 2311: 1776: 1443: 1414: 538: 240: 187: 5322:

Tylš F, Páleníček T, Horáček J (March 2014). "Psilocybin--summary of knowledge and new perspectives".

559: 26070: 25662: 25572: 25217: 25154: 24492: 16915: 16449: 16318: 16227: 10003:"Receptor interaction profiles of novel psychoactive tryptamines compared with classic hallucinogens" 6813:

Griffiths RR, Johnson MW, Richards WA, Richards BD, Jesse R, MacLean KA, et al. (January 2018).

5725: 4301: 4204: 4129:. Beginning in the 2000s, psilocybin has been investigated for its possible role in the treatment of 4066:

In modern Mexico, traditional ceremonial use survives among several indigenous groups, including the

3602: 3404: 3384: 3360: 2825: 2516:

has been genetically modified to manufacture large amounts of psilocybin. Psilocybin can be produced

2126:

that provide access to sacred worlds. Typically used in small group community settings, they enhance

1588:

conducted early experiments into the effects of psychedelic drugs, including psilocybin (1989 photo).

1527:, K. Harrison McKenna, and Terence McKenna. Over 100,000 copies were sold by 1981. As ethnobiologist 1487: 1398: 1338: 1154:

in the early 1960s. Once ingested, psilocybin is rapidly metabolized to psilocin, which then acts on

461: 25408: 13196:

Raison CL, Sanacora G, Woolley J, Heinzerling K, Dunlop BW, Brown RT, et al. (September 2023).

11809:

Supplemento Agli Annali dei Musei Civici di Rovereto Sezione Archeologica, Storia e Scienze Naturali

11608: 8856: 7891:

Drugs During Pregnancy and Lactation: Handbook of Prescription Drugs and Comparative Risk Assessment

6243: 4837: 3180:

Psilocybin is converted in the liver to the pharmacologically active psilocin, which is then either

25074: 24297: 23864: 23156: 22942: 22734: 21373: 17537: 16421: 16303: 11861: 11703:

Wurst M, Semerdžieva M, Vokoun J (1984). "Analysis of psychotropic compounds in fungi of the genus

9274: 7235: 5577:"The oldest representations of hallucinogenic mushrooms in the world (Sahara Desert, 9000-7000 BP)" 4279: 4060:

psilocybin mushrooms may be the most prevalent psychedelic drug among adults in the United States.

3996: 3439: 3392: 2867: 2388: 1654:

and colleagues suggests that a single high dosage of psilocybin can cause long-term changes in the

1621: 1617: 1531:

explains, "These authors adapted San Antonio's technique (for producing edible mushrooms by casing

1423:

magazine. Later the same year they were accompanied on a follow-up expedition by French mycologist

821: 255: 25174: 12323:

Hardon A, van Schipstal I, Berning M, Mishra S, Murray H, Mandler T, et al. (December 2020).

10887:(2nd ed.). Washington, D.C.: American Association for Clinical Chemistry Press. p. 281. 7827: 4426:), psilocybine, psilocibin, psilocybinum, psilotsibin, and psilocin phosphate ester, among others. 3028:, which are also known as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptors. In rats, psilocin binds with high 1292: 25039: 24950: 24945: 24747: 24044: 23610: 23447: 22932: 22354: 21673: 21522: 20887: 20062: 19747: 19288: 17476: 17430: 17189: 10002: 9165: 9037:

Cleansing the Doors of Perception: The Religious Significance of Entheogenic Plants and Chemicals

6725: 6567:"Hallucinogenic Drug Psilocybin Eases Existential Anxiety in People With Life-Threatening Cancer" 5443: 5268:"Acute Adverse Effects of Therapeutic Doses of Psilocybin: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis" 4384: 4343: 3412: 3233: 2174: 2170: 2028:

can develop between psilocybin and the pharmacologically similar LSD, and between psilocybin and

1633: 1200: 224: 25701: 12085:"Psilocybin occasioned mystical-type experiences: immediate and persisting dose-related effects" 10927: 10921: 9071:(1991). "Pahnke's "Good Friday Experiment": a long-term follow-up and methodological critique". 6594:"Psilocybin occasioned mystical-type experiences: immediate and persisting dose-related effects" 5753:"Religious use of hallucinogenic fungi: A comparison between Siberian and Mesoamerican Cultures" 5598:

Akers BP, Ruiz JF, Piper A, Ruck CA (2011). "A prehistoric mural in Spain depicting neurotropic

1401:, a physician, studied the ritual use of psychoactive mushrooms by the native population in the 26075: 25970: 24920: 24607: 24516: 24508: 24073: 24040: 23682: 23598: 23443: 23000: 22924: 22870: 22433: 22370: 22346: 22113: 21735: 21697: 21665: 21640: 20988: 20903: 20879: 20627: 20416: 20271: 20078: 20074: 20054: 19755: 19739: 19367: 19304: 19284: 18973: 18504: 17180: 16395: 16313: 16113: 16040: 15793: 15753: 15725: 13712: 13660: 12170: 11586:. Beihefte Zur Nova Hedwigia. Heft 74. Vaduz, Liechtenstein: J. Cramer. pp. 361–362. 9009: 8851: 7558:

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between unrelated mushroom species. In general, psilocybin-containing species are dark-spored,

3710: 3578: 3506: 3372: 3300: 3261: 2497: 2292: 2239: 1989: 1841:, in which affected individuals become anxious, confused, agitated, or disoriented. Accidents, 1663: 1655: 1478:

became a testing ground for psilocybin through the efforts of Timothy Leary and his associates

1410: 1232: 446: 383: 15631: 15626: 12654: 10952: 10880: 10465: 9041: 9035: 8759: 8751: 8065: 7889: 7850: 6717: 6431: 6398: 6043: 5838: 4880: 4675:

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25144: 25084: 25049: 24737: 24315: 23886: 23606: 23146: 22958: 22876: 22748: 22366: 22350: 22109: 22105: 21961: 21693: 21681: 21669: 21383: 20899: 20883: 20623: 20619: 20058: 19743: 18412: 16379: 16308: 15909: 15788: 15691: 15554: 13198:"Single-Dose Psilocybin Treatment for Major Depressive Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial" 12027: 7983: 7977: 6161: 5480:

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3881: 3745: 3614: 3396: 3265: 3257: 3072:(mimicking the mind distortion present in psychosis) effects of psilocin can be blocked in a 2810: 2158: 1691:(100%), including increases (56%), decreases (13%), and variable responses (31%); changes in 1063: 774: 577: 25547: 12696: 11664:"A worldwide geographical distribution of the neurotropic fungi, an analysis and discussion" 11474:"A worldwide geographical distribution of the neurotropic fungi, an analysis and discussion" 10727:

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Grieshaber AF, Moore KA, Levine B (May 2001). "The detection of psilocin in human urine".

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1908:

is approximately 12.5 mg/kg. Psilocybin comprises approximately 1% of the weight of

1523:, was published in 1976 under the pseudonyms O. T. Oss and O. N. Oeric by Jeremy Bigwood, 8: 26080: 26060: 25739: 25202: 25179: 24900: 24792: 24048: 23614: 23554: 23242: 22858: 22079: 22059: 21677: 21587: 20593: 20573: 20420: 20070: 19751: 19296: 18494: 18046: 16432: 16343: 15258: 13840: 13405:"Risk of bias in randomized clinical trials on psychedelic medicine: A systematic review" 12943:

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structure. There are two known crystalline polymorphs of psilocybin, as well as reported

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Griffiths RR, Johnson MW, Richards WA, Richards BD, McCann U, Jesse R (December 2011).

6549: 6470: 6379: 6263: 6030: 5956: 5619: 5400: 5373: 5347: 5168: 5142:"Therapeutic use of psilocybin: Practical considerations for dosing and administration" 5141: 4961: 4934: 4858: 4802: 4751: 4726: 4700: 4629: 4604: 4423: 4389: 4371: 4189: 4134: 4122: 4071: 3920: 3795: 3739: 3714: 3704:(1 species). Guzmán increased his estimate of the number of psilocybin-containing 3631: 3630:

mushrooms. In a 2000 review on the worldwide distribution of hallucinogenic mushrooms,

3590: 3452: 3368: 3284: 3009:, which refers to a compound capable of promoting rapid and sustained neuroplasticity. 2454: 2326: 2219: 2072: 1881: 1850: 1524: 1475: 1448: 1382: 1151: 1111: 13283:

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documented the worldwide practices of psilocybin mushroom usage as part of a cultural

2008: 1119:, marketed and sold pure psilocybin to physicians and clinicians worldwide for use in 25729: 25352: 25187: 25044: 25034: 24166: 24056: 23558: 22803: 22362: 22178: 22029: 21689: 21599: 21591: 21475: 21297: 20895: 20745: 20533: 20374: 20320: 19954: 19679: 19671: 19406: 19312: 19110: 19094: 18947: 17152: 16460: 16293: 15867: 15651: 15646: 15641: 15636: 15524: 13956: 13910: 13620: 13568: 13530: 13469: 13434: 13385: 13349: 13314: 13265: 13227: 13178: 13140: 13078: 12974: 12925: 12876: 12825: 12730: 12660: 12639: 12600: 12586: 12543: 12469: 12414: 12389: 12360: 12114: 11946: 11904: 11843: 11789: 11785: 11751: 11587: 11388: 11353: 11318: 11283: 11218: 11147: 11116: 11081: 11046: 10958: 10931: 10888: 10861: 10826: 10783: 10760: 10709: 10674: 10639: 10601: 10550: 10471: 10446: 10392: 10340: 10182: 10133: 10084: 10025: 9983: 9932: 9891: 9834: 9777: 9728: 9676: 9635: 9595: 9537: 9499: 9460:

Sherwood AM, Kargbo RB, Kaylo KW, Cozzi NV, Meisenheimer P, Kaduk JA (January 2022).

9399: 9343: 9259: 9247: 9149: 9111: 9045: 9001: 8919: 8869: 8815: 8788: 8763: 8732: 8718: 8680: 8666: 8625: 8557: 8514: 8468: 8425: 8382: 8378: 8305: 8270: 8220: 8216: 8167: 8071: 8031: 8027: 7987: 7959: 7947: 7895: 7856: 7804: 7755: 7692: 7682: 7589: 7540: 7491: 7456: 7410: 7380: 7320: 7258: 7208: 7165: 7125: 7100: 7079: 7050: 7013: 7009: 6976: 6945:] (PhD thesis) (in French). Paris, France: Paris University Medical Dissertation. 6904: 6844: 6795: 6729: 6670: 6623: 6541: 6474: 6371: 6316: 6271: 6222: 6197: 6035: 5948: 5944: 5908: 5846: 5817: 5789: 5731: 5694: 5662: 5555: 5521: 5405: 5339: 5297: 5243: 5212: 5173: 5113: 5017: 4966: 4886: 4850: 4806: 4794: 4756: 4692: 4634: 4620: 4394: 3826: 3770: 3494: 3212: 3204: 3138: 3013: 2429: 2392: 2227: 2138:

relating to the Earth and mysteries of nature, and suggested that mushrooms enhanced

2013: 1930: 1756: 1740: 1647: 1609: 1560: 1541: 1456: 1248: 1240: 1188: 1038:. Psilocybin is itself biologically inactive but is quickly converted by the body to 431: 408: 12794: 11958: 11839: 11533: 11443: 11400: 11011: 10021: 9671: 9654: 9411: 8931: 8480: 8437: 8394: 8351: 8282: 8232: 7681:. Ralph Metzner, Ram Dass, activeth century Karma-gliṅ-pa. New York: Citadel Press. 7451: 7434: 7332: 7220: 6988: 6682: 6383: 5960: 5351: 5335: 4704: 1921:

of psilocybin has been extrapolated to be 6 grams, 1000 times greater than the

25686: 25019: 24524: 23068: 22890: 22303: 21542: 21526: 21512: 21415: 21239: 20850: 18791: 18461: 18300: 17075: 16715: 15941: 15738: 15434: 13691: 13647: 13610: 13602: 13560: 13526: 13522: 13487: 13461: 13424: 13416: 13377: 13341: 13304: 13296: 13257: 13217: 13209: 13170: 13130: 13122: 13068: 13058: 12964: 12956: 12915: 12907: 12866: 12856: 12817: 12782: 12722: 12627: 12590: 12582: 12555: 12535: 12346: 12336: 12104: 12096: 11938: 11896: 11835: 11781: 11743: 11716: 11624: 11529: 11431: 11380: 11345: 11310: 11275: 11210: 11179: 11143: 11108: 11073: 11038: 10999: 10853: 10816: 10750: 10740: 10701: 10666: 10631: 10591: 10581: 10542: 10436: 10426: 10382: 10374: 10330: 10320: 10172: 10164: 10123: 10115: 10074: 10064: 10017: 9973: 9963: 9922: 9881: 9873: 9824: 9816: 9765: 9718: 9710: 9666: 9627: 9585: 9575: 9529: 9489: 9481: 9391: 9237: 9221: 9161: 9141: 9099: 8991: 8983: 8911: 8865: 8861: 8722: 8714: 8670: 8662: 8549: 8506: 8460: 8417: 8374: 8339: 8262: 8212: 8179: 8159: 8023: 7939: 7794: 7786: 7745: 7735: 7579: 7571: 7530: 7522: 7483: 7446: 7370: 7362: 7312: 7270: 7250: 7200: 7177: 7157: 7071: 7042: 7025: 7005: 6968: 6834: 6826: 6785: 6777: 6662: 6613: 6605: 6533: 6466: 6403: 6363: 6255: 6153: 6084: 6025: 6017: 5983: 5940: 5764: 5623: 5611: 5511: 5501: 5395: 5385: 5331: 5287: 5279: 5235: 5204: 5163: 5153: 5103: 5092:"Psilocybin in neuropsychiatry: a review of its pharmacology, safety, and efficacy" 5007: 4997: 4956: 4946: 4862: 4842: 4786: 4746: 4738: 4684: 4624: 4616: 4376: 4324: 4185: 4150: 4142: 4117:

Psilocybin has been a subject of clinical research since the early 1960s, when the

4056: 3830: 3760: 3566: 3332: 3146: 2939: 2926: 2512: 2206: 1516: 1394: 1320: 1296: 861: 402: 358: 122: 69: 13345: 12144: 11481:

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Wong G, Lim LR, Tan YQ, Go MK, Bell DJ, Freemont PS, et al. (February 2022).

9655:"Biosynthesis of psilocybin. II. Incorporation of labelled tryptamine derivatives" 8526: 8195: 7943: 7316: 1877:(PEA), indicating that PEA may contribute to the effects of psilocybin poisoning. 1376: 674: 25644: 25302: 24327: 23402: 22881: 22011: 21546: 21534: 21494: 21439: 21090: 20643: 20472: 20334: 20223: 19909: 19610: 18906: 18796: 18408: 18400: 18396: 18251: 17916: 17100: 16995: 16910: 16870: 16692: 16492: 15057: 14960: 13740: 13697: 13381: 12821: 11266:

Sticht G, Käferstein H (September 2000). "Detection of psilocin in body fluids".

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Chanterelle Dreams, Amanita Nightmares: The Love, Lore, and Mystique of Mushrooms

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Lowe H, Toyang N, Steele B, Valentine H, Grant J, Ali A, et al. (May 2021).

4742: 4335: 4283: 4220: 4170: 4100: 4087: 4028: 3973: 3833:

contain psychoactive compounds, although the caps consistently contain more. The

3408: 3348: 3320: 3268:(ADH) into 4-HTOL. Within 24 hours, about 65% of the absorbed psilocybin is 3229: 3225: 3196: 3184:

to be excreted in the urine or further converted to various psilocin metabolites.

3181: 3165: 3134: 3069: 3062: 3055: 3048: 3033: 3006: 2693: 2654: 2641: 2628: 2615: 2602: 2589: 2576: 2563: 2473: 2440: 2408: 2357: 2215: 2131: 2052: 2048: 2025: 1809: 1768: 1748: 1593: 1576: 1564: 1419: 1391: 1326: 1272: 1219: 1143: 1138:

The intensity and duration of psilocybin's effects vary, depending on species or

496: 457: 393: 366: 25433: 22089: 20603: 18852: 12695:

Kilmer B, Priest M, Ramchand R, Rogers RC, Senator B, Palmer K (June 27, 2024).

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The psychedelic experience : a manual based on the Tibetan book of the dead

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and have a significantly lower potential for abuse than other Schedule I drugs.

48: 25762: 25159: 24602: 24572: 24323: 24319: 23952: 23890: 23532: 23453: 23277: 23224: 22866: 22840: 22830: 22822: 22752: 22506: 21965: 21793: 21387: 20965: 20827: 20460: 18939: 18894: 18738: 18673: 18428: 18353: 18241: 18041: 17105: 16990: 16980: 16960: 16955: 16725: 16710: 16573: 16487: 16207: 15894: 15591: 15534: 13465: 12894:

Dos Santos RG, Osório FL, Crippa JA, Riba J, Zuardi AW, Hallak JE (June 2016).

12377: 11864:. European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. September 19, 2011. 10745: 10546: 10363:"Psychoplastogens: A Promising Class of Plasticity-Promoting Neurotherapeutics" 9927: 9910: 9877: 8553: 8163: 7511:"The default mode network and rumination in individuals at risk for depression" 7254: 6089: 6072: 5900: 5721: 5506: 5158: 5002: 4305: 4196: 4181: 3542: 3443: 3423: 3296: 3288: 3040: 2719: 2706: 2680: 2667: 2403: 2247: 2139: 2127: 2029: 2020: 1874: 1834: 1784: 1772: 1704: 1692: 1435: 1106: 25705: 25693: 13606: 13564: 13452:

Szigeti B, Heifets BD (May 2024). "Expectancy Effects in Psychedelic Trials".

13420: 12786: 12100: 11435: 11384: 11183: 11003: 10857: 10586: 10431: 10325: 10168: 9769: 9699:"Horizontal gene cluster transfer increased hallucinogenic mushroom diversity" 9485: 9145: 8756:

Psychedelic Medicine: New Evidence for Hallucinogenic Substances as Treatments

8421: 8343: 6666: 6609: 5615: 5108: 5091: 4951: 3807: 3304: 3133:

Serotonin receptors are located in numerous parts of the brain, including the

2012:

Chart of dependence potential and effective dose/lethal dose ratio of several

1276: 1184: 1042:, which has mind-altering effects similar, in some aspects, to those of other 26049: 25766: 25529: 25197: 24890: 24592: 24567: 24301: 24158: 24089: 23919: 23880: 23868: 23160: 23108: 23058: 22742: 22738: 22701: 22684: 22539: 22516: 21811: 21751: 21377: 21355: 21313: 21214: 21008: 20961: 20697: 20366: 19946: 19667: 19402: 19086: 18985: 18959: 18883: 18832: 18633: 18628: 18548: 18451: 18318: 18246: 18116: 18111: 18101: 17896: 17881: 16985: 16816: 16687: 16602: 16596: 16590: 16523: 16482: 16417: 16143: 16045: 15852: 15504: 15464: 15459: 15454: 15449: 12960: 12911: 12631: 12539: 12473: 12310: 10378: 9103: 8987: 8125:"On the presumed French case of fatality caused by ingestion of Liberty Caps" 7696: 7161: 6830: 6781: 6478: 6367: 6021: 5850: 4571: 4212: 4154: 3877: 3756: 3627: 3356: 3336: 3316: 3253: 3096: 2460: 2420: 2380: 2376: 2361: 2193:

considered the study partially flawed due to incorrect implementation of the

2162: 2146: 2090: 1977: 1965: 1901: 1893: 1854: 1637: 1597: 1585: 1479: 1147: 1078: 1059: 1051: 932: 837: 423: 13300: 13213: 10729:"In vitro and in vivo metabolism of psilocybin's active metabolite psilocin" 10119: 7300: 4195:, have found that single doses of psilocybin produce rapid and long-lasting 3787: 3295:, one of the primary breakdown metabolites of consumed alcohol, reacts with 25921: 25834: 25818: 25772: 25634: 25614: 25483: 25478: 25448: 25443: 25438: 25385: 25114: 25009: 24970: 24955: 24940: 24930: 24925: 24885: 24782: 24777: 24772: 24767: 24757: 24752: 24732: 24345: 24331: 24305: 24200: 24190: 24101: 24081: 24034: 23975: 23872: 23785: 23770: 23755: 23702: 23686: 23582: 23507: 23474: 23292: 23174: 23088: 22936: 22768: 22604: 22599: 22559: 22511: 22465: 22449: 22299: 22093: 21893: 21743: 21603: 21538: 21445: 21431: 21403: 21391: 21333: 21284: 21274: 21244: 21224: 21199: 21144: 21115: 21105: 21060: 21028: 21016: 21012: 20996: 20941: 20607: 20527: 20377: 20250: 20048: 20032: 19966: 19782: 19761: 19728: 19683: 19545: 19490: 19390: 19114: 19031: 18977: 18967: 18748: 18668: 18378: 18271: 18036: 18021: 18006: 18001: 17986: 17981: 17886: 17160: 17110: 17085: 17080: 17060: 16890: 16579: 16411: 16283: 16118: 15686: 15519: 15444: 15439: 14950: 14905: 13920: 13765: 13725: 13683: 13624: 13572: 13534: 13473: 13438: 13389: 13353: 13318: 13269: 13231: 13182: 13144: 13082: 12978: 12929: 12880: 12829: 12604: 12547: 12118: 11990: 11950: 11847: 11392: 11357: 11287: 11050: 10865: 10764: 10713: 10678: 10643: 10605: 10554: 10450: 10396: 10344: 10186: 10137: 10088: 10029: 9987: 9936: 9895: 9838: 9732: 9639: 9631: 9599: 9541: 9503: 9403: 9251: 9153: 9005: 8923: 8736: 8684: 8561: 8518: 8429: 8386: 8296:

Mack RB (October 1983). "Phenomenally phunny phungi--psilocybin toxicity".

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Psilocybin is known to strongly influence the subjective experience of the

1700: 1528: 1284: 1071: 1043: 259: 13261: 13174: 11908: 11793: 11755: 11322: 11222: 11120: 11085: 10830: 10821: 10804: 10503: 9680: 9208:

Arici M, Altun B, Araz M, Atmaca A, Demir T, Ecder T, et al. (1975).

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LSD, my problem child: reflections on sacred drugs, mysticism, and science

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Various chromatographic methods have been developed to detect psilocin in

2177:

under the supervision of Timothy Leary, almost all of the graduate degree

1535:

cultures on a rye grain substrate; San Antonio 1971) to the production of

1511:), he described the problematic use of these hallucinogens as inebriants. 1368:

Albert Hofmann (shown here in 1993) purified psilocybin and psilocin from

1364: 1247:

as evidence of ritual and ceremonial use of psychoactive mushrooms in the

26018: 25830: 25810: 25758: 25671: 25629: 25624: 25604: 25599: 25581: 25503: 25134: 24965: 24935: 24880: 24797: 24762: 24742: 24727: 24291: 24283: 24194: 24186: 24182: 24162: 24150: 24141: 24121: 24109: 24093: 24077: 23915: 23845: 23790: 23760: 23706: 23694: 23578: 23574: 23503: 23424: 23257: 23164: 23141: 23136: 23125: 23083: 23063: 23038: 23023: 22985: 22799: 22764: 22713: 22705: 22679: 22629: 22619: 22569: 22563: 22555: 22551: 22526: 22481: 22473: 22453: 22441: 22428: 22423: 22392: 22250: 22174: 21996: 21950: 21928: 21878: 21868: 21858: 21827: 21787: 21783: 21775: 21755: 21739: 21730: 21634: 21583: 21479: 21411: 21395: 21367: 21359: 21305: 21293: 21264: 21259: 21249: 21229: 21164: 21159: 21148: 21140: 21136: 21080: 21076: 21068: 21052: 21048: 21036: 21032: 21020: 21004: 20969: 20951: 20791: 20709: 20701: 20519: 20515: 20410: 20406: 20312: 20191: 20175: 20114: 20066: 20044: 20040: 20036: 20024: 20016: 19950: 19890: 19886: 19825: 19806: 19724: 19716: 19658: 19628: 19595: 19581: 19470: 19459: 19430: 19375: 19371: 19229: 19219: 19159: 19090: 19077: 19072: 19052: 19027: 19005: 18989: 18943: 18934: 18929: 18801: 18753: 18743: 18728: 18723: 18713: 18678: 18618: 18613: 18603: 18446: 18404: 18363: 18323: 18308: 18106: 18076: 18071: 17966: 17961: 17956: 17132: 17095: 17090: 17070: 17035: 16950: 16935: 16930: 16925: 16920: 16895: 16885: 16826: 16821: 16806: 16781: 16730: 16720: 16677: 16661: 16624: 16502: 16465: 16138: 15971: 15696: 15403: 14900: 14809: 13850: 13109:

Wang SM, Kim S, Choi WS, Lim HK, Woo YS, Pae CU, et al. (May 2024).

12861: 12710:

European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (November 2011).

12569:

Johnson MW, Griffiths RR, Hendricks PS, Henningfield JE (November 2018).

11063: 9968: 9068: 8274: 7855:(2nd ed.). Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons. p. 199. 7740: 7722:

Dos Santos RG, Bouso JC, Rocha JM, Rossi GN, Hallak JE (April 24, 2024).

7366: 6715: 5769: 5752: 5426: 4603:

Johnson MW, Griffiths RR, Hendricks PS, Henningfield JE (November 2018).

4567: 4508: 4291: 4083: 3842: 3554: 3447: 3435: 3419: 3344: 3221: 3137:, and are involved in a wide range of functions, including regulation of 3123: 3108: 3100: 2995:

The smaller the value, the more avidly psilocin interacts with the site.

2797: 2784: 2771: 2758: 2745: 2732: 2322: 2303: 2275: 2218:(Ritalin) in separate sessions; the methylphenidate sessions served as a 2190: 1918: 1842: 1720: 1716: 1696: 1625: 1503:, he never advocated their legalization or medical use. In his 1979 book 1434:

Heim cultivated the mushrooms in France and sent samples for analysis to

1304: 1256: 1215: 1098: 1024: 427: 25428: 25413: 13126: 13045:

Więckiewicz G, Stokłosa I, Piegza M, Gorczyca P, Pudlo R (August 2021).

11972: 11900: 9558:

Serreau R, Amirouche A, Benyamina A, Berteina-Raboin S (December 2022).

9557: 8365:

Simeon D (2004). "Depersonalisation disorder: a contemporary overview".

5390: 4031:" and argue bans are cultural discrimination against traditional users. 3634:

and colleagues considered these to be distributed amongst the following

3176: 2329:, found in many plant species and in trace amounts in some mammals, and 694: 26010: 26001: 25978: 25960: 25931: 25926: 25906: 25822: 25814: 25792: 25733: 25681: 25657: 25652: 25609: 25468: 25276: 25271: 25266: 25222: 25212: 25124: 25024: 24995: 24870: 24860: 24850: 24820: 24717: 24702: 24667: 24562: 24375: 24309: 24220: 24215: 24210: 24205: 24178: 24170: 24154: 24131: 24117: 24113: 24105: 23980: 23933: 23923: 23815: 23810: 23795: 23775: 23714: 23710: 23661: 23656: 23650: 23630: 23562: 23513: 23484: 23479: 23428: 23332: 23302: 23205: 23184: 23103: 23098: 23093: 23073: 23053: 23028: 23012: 23008: 22950: 22886: 22774: 22697: 22634: 22614: 22609: 22589: 22574: 22547: 22535: 22521: 22501: 22491: 22477: 22469: 22461: 22402: 22386: 22326: 22295: 22285: 22271: 22229: 22224: 22186: 21883: 21853: 21848: 21833: 21823: 21807: 21779: 21771: 21713: 21613: 21595: 21450: 21419: 21351: 21309: 21301: 21269: 21234: 21204: 21174: 21154: 21132: 21124: 21110: 21095: 21072: 21064: 21056: 21040: 20992: 20956: 20936: 20919: 20846: 20836: 20817: 20802: 20770: 20765: 20755: 20713: 20437: 20402: 20383: 20357: 20292: 20275: 20265: 20165: 20155: 20125: 20100: 20028: 20020: 19997: 19958: 19927: 19846: 19836: 19810: 19802: 19798: 19794: 19786: 19777: 19720: 19712: 19675: 19648: 19633: 19586: 19565: 19560: 19555: 19525: 19515: 19495: 19480: 19450: 19434: 19418: 19414: 19410: 19394: 19379: 19346: 19341: 19331: 19308: 19279: 19224: 19214: 19209: 19194: 19174: 19164: 19154: 19098: 19037: 19019: 19001: 18997: 18963: 18951: 18822: 18733: 18718: 18708: 18698: 18688: 18663: 18643: 18623: 18570: 18560: 18373: 18368: 18343: 18151: 18031: 17991: 17931: 17911: 17065: 17055: 17005: 16965: 16836: 16811: 16791: 16776: 16771: 16682: 16651: 16643: 16543: 16507: 16471: 16454: 16363: 16288: 16278: 16273: 16268: 16222: 16148: 15825: 15820: 15529: 15509: 15378: 14910: 14875: 14804: 14774: 14739: 14457: 14437: 14379: 14359: 13795: 13785: 13745: 13735: 13247: 13063: 12341: 12324: 11924:"Detecting psychoactive drugs in the developmental stages of mushrooms" 11636: 11416:"Use of high-temperature liquid chromatography with sub-2 μm particle C 10843: 10705: 10101: 9696: 9580: 9395: 9233: 8915: 8752:"Therapeutic bases of psychedelic medicines: psychointegrative effects" 8327: 6972: 6267: 4297: 3873: 3869: 3850: 3688: 3658: 3646: 3626:

Psilocybin is present in varying concentrations in over 200 species of

3216: 3142: 3084: 2448: 2444: 2384: 2353: 2318: 2315: 2300: 2271: 2109: 2064: 1956: 1688: 1671: 1424: 1353: 1308: 1288: 1102: 1055: 897: 705: 471: 250: 15656: 13020:"FDA tags psilocybin drug as clinical depression Breakthrough Therapy" 11942: 11112: 10635: 9854:"Reconstituting the complete biosynthesis of D-lysergic acid in yeast" 9560:"A Review of Synthetic Access to Therapeutic Compounds Extracted from 7560:"Default Mode Network Modulation by Psychedelics: A Systematic Review" 7433:

Soares C, Gonzalo G, Castelhano J, Castelo-Branco M (September 2023).

7124:. New York, New York: The Parthenon Publishing Group. pp. 59–66. 6646:

Hasler F, Grimberg U, Benz MA, Huber T, Vollenweider FX (March 2004).

4790: 3426:

method based on HPLC; HPLC with electrochemical detection; GC–MS; and

3087:. Various lines of evidence have shown that interactions with non-5-HT 1222:

illustrate several mushrooms that have been tentatively identified as

26029: 26014: 25986: 25955: 25950: 25945: 25896: 25891: 25881: 25826: 25806: 25787: 25782: 25754: 25709: 25697: 25567: 25562: 25552: 25463: 25458: 25418: 25347: 25342: 25251: 25149: 25129: 25089: 25014: 24960: 24905: 24895: 24875: 24865: 24855: 24845: 24840: 24830: 24825: 24787: 24722: 24712: 24697: 24687: 24672: 24662: 24652: 24642: 24632: 24597: 24544: 24369: 24287: 24279: 24265: 24235: 24225: 24097: 24085: 24052: 24025: 24020: 24015: 23970: 23927: 23858: 23854: 23840: 23835: 23830: 23825: 23805: 23698: 23690: 23618: 23593: 23489: 23469: 23438: 23388: 23368: 23353: 23337: 23322: 23317: 23307: 23297: 23287: 23272: 23267: 23262: 23252: 23179: 23121: 23117: 23078: 23048: 23033: 23018: 23004: 22980: 22946: 22909: 22898: 22862: 22790: 22729: 22709: 22693: 22674: 22669: 22664: 22654: 22649: 22639: 22624: 22594: 22457: 22445: 22437: 22358: 22341: 22336: 22331: 22321: 22311: 22289: 22276: 22266: 22261: 22218: 22139: 22134: 22129: 22124: 22101: 22097: 22075: 22071: 22063: 21976: 21956: 21946: 21942: 21933: 21923: 21913: 21908: 21903: 21898: 21888: 21873: 21863: 21838: 21798: 21759: 21747: 21685: 21660: 21655: 21650: 21607: 21552: 21455: 21435: 21427: 21423: 21363: 21347: 21317: 21254: 21219: 21189: 21044: 21024: 21000: 20977: 20973: 20891: 20864: 20854: 20840: 20812: 20807: 20760: 20749: 20680: 20648: 20638: 20615: 20611: 20589: 20585: 20577: 20523: 20511: 20507: 20503: 20442: 20393: 20388: 20352: 20256: 20241: 20208: 20170: 20160: 20150: 20145: 20140: 20135: 20130: 20120: 20105: 20095: 20002: 19932: 19866: 19861: 19851: 19841: 19831: 19816: 19790: 19703: 19698: 19687: 19653: 19540: 19535: 19485: 19440: 19422: 19398: 19351: 19300: 19292: 19269: 19264: 19244: 19239: 19234: 19199: 19179: 19118: 19067: 19057: 19047: 19042: 19015: 19011: 18993: 18981: 18955: 18924: 18837: 18827: 18783: 18773: 18758: 18703: 18638: 18608: 18598: 18553: 18478: 18358: 18348: 18338: 18313: 18181: 18176: 18146: 18121: 18081: 18061: 17971: 17941: 17936: 17901: 17876: 17451: 17446: 17441: 17050: 17030: 16975: 16900: 16860: 16801: 16786: 16761: 16702: 16656: 16563: 16548: 16538: 16353: 16348: 16338: 16258: 16253: 16212: 16180: 16175: 16128: 16087: 16035: 16025: 16012: 16007: 15966: 15936: 15899: 15872: 15862: 15783: 15778: 15773: 15514: 15469: 14784: 14779: 14769: 14764: 14759: 14749: 14744: 14734: 14729: 14661: 13930: 13730: 12568: 10802: 10309:"Psychedelics and Other Psychoplastogens for Treating Mental Illness" 8967:

Griffiths R, Richards W, Johnson M, McCann U, Jesse R (August 2008).

8407: 7979:

The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals

7432: 6516: 5987: 4984:

Szafoni S, Gręblowski P, Grabowska K, Więckiewicz G (June 11, 2024).

4983: 4602: 4500: 4419: 4332: 3857: 3846: 3718: 3694: 3664: 3652: 3640: 3464:

Maximum reported psilocybin concentrations (% dry weight) in 12

3207:, whereby its concentration is greatly reduced before it reaches the 3120: 2538: 2373: 2330: 2307: 2231: 2123: 2118: 2068: 2033: 1961: 1952: 1712: 1684: 1629: 1550: 1460: 1315: 1268: 1244: 1192: 1132: 660: 598: 442: 212: 13243: 13241: 12765:

Guzmán G (2008). "Hallucinogenic mushrooms in Mexico: an overview".

11628: 11415: 10656: 9802: 9714: 9225: 7190: 6259: 6221:(2nd ed.). San Francisco, California: Quick American Archives. 5576: 3837:

of these mushrooms do not contain psilocybin or psilocin. The total

2122:("the god within"), the mushrooms are revered as powerful spiritual 1735: 26024: 25901: 25886: 25802: 25797: 25750: 25725: 25713: 25667: 25619: 25246: 25231: 25099: 25094: 24692: 24677: 24657: 24647: 24637: 24627: 24622: 24534: 24529: 24365: 24361: 24339: 24335: 24146: 24125: 23990: 23911: 23894: 23588: 23566: 23550: 23499: 23420: 23150: 23043: 22964: 22914: 22904: 22795: 22760: 22756: 22724: 22531: 22485: 22378: 22190: 22166: 22119: 21992: 21815: 21803: 21705: 21579: 21530: 21517: 21471: 21407: 21399: 21328: 21120: 21100: 21084: 20946: 20911: 20717: 20685: 20633: 20563: 20499: 20495: 20370: 20362: 20316: 20308: 20246: 20204: 20200: 20196: 20110: 20007: 19977: 19942: 19894: 19882: 19821: 19663: 19643: 19638: 19591: 19455: 19445: 19426: 19336: 19326: 19316: 19249: 19169: 19149: 19124: 19102: 19082: 19062: 19023: 18817: 18768: 18693: 18658: 18519: 18514: 18488: 18473: 18468: 18456: 18328: 18261: 18156: 18126: 18091: 18086: 18051: 17926: 17115: 16970: 16880: 16841: 16796: 16766: 16533: 16477: 16358: 16263: 16248: 16243: 16170: 16123: 16082: 16050: 15857: 15621: 15489: 14686: 14671: 14656: 14651: 14608: 13720: 12262:"Title 16, Chapter 13: Crimes and Offenses - Controlled Substances" 11027: 8649:

Passie T, Halpern JH, Stichtenoth DO, Emrich HM, Hintzen A (2008).

4476: 4091: 4079: 4075: 3969: 3700: 3682: 3269: 3150: 3092: 3017: 2464: 2341: 2340:

Psilocybin is a white, crystalline solid that is soluble in water,

2258: 2178: 2060: 1938: 1889: 1866: 1771:). Ingesting psilocybin in combination with other drugs, including 1764: 1707:(86%), including increases (80%) and decreases (6%); nausea (44%); 1613: 1605: 1532: 1483: 1139: 1082: 1047: 1039: 754: 685: 525: 477: 375: 13325: 12845:"Potential Therapeutic Effects of Psilocybin: A Systematic Review" 12726: 11203:

Journal of Chromatography. B, Biomedical Sciences and Applications

11066:

Journal of Chromatography. B, Biomedical Sciences and Applications

9305:"Paul McHugh reviews Don Lattin's "The Harvard Psychedelic Club."" 7775:"Psilocybin-assisted group therapy: A new hope for demoralization" 6995: 6890:"The adverse effects of hallucinogens from intramural perspective" 6716:

Ballesteros S, Ramón MF, Iturralde MJ, Martínez-Arrieta R (2006).

4480: 4463:. Regional sites focusing on hallucinogenic mushrooms listed were 3130:

with moderate affinity, compared to LSD which has lower affinity.

1791: 1730: 920: 26006: 25721: 25717: 25591: 25557: 25390: 25261: 24980: 24975: 24136: 24030: 23985: 23876: 23735: 23730: 23725: 23720: 23646: 23131: 22995: 22954: 22719: 22644: 22397: 22206: 22053: 21971: 21279: 21209: 21179: 20733: 20568: 20557: 20491: 20398: 20261: 20012: 19708: 19520: 19510: 19500: 19259: 19254: 19144: 18763: 18536: 18524: 18392: 18256: 18236: 18231: 18166: 18161: 18096: 18066: 18056: 18016: 17921: 17858: 17853: 17843: 17828: 17823: 17803: 17798: 17793: 17768: 17763: 17753: 17748: 17738: 17728: 17713: 17703: 17698: 17693: 17683: 17678: 17673: 17668: 17658: 17653: 17648: 17643: 17638: 17633: 17623: 17618: 17613: 17608: 17603: 17598: 17593: 17588: 17583: 17578: 17573: 17568: 17563: 17558: 17553: 17548: 17420: 17410: 17400: 17390: 17385: 17380: 17365: 17355: 17345: 17340: 17335: 17330: 17325: 17025: 17020: 17015: 17010: 16756: 16629: 16368: 15733: 15681: 15616: 15413: 14965: 14535: 14515: 14510: 14247: 14212: 14202: 14192: 14187: 14182: 14172: 13935: 13900: 13890: 13875: 13855: 13780: 13238: 13044: 10726: 10720: 7975: 7122:

50 Years of LSD. Current Status and Perspectives of Hallucinogens

6353: 6194:

Pharmacotheon: Entheogenic Drugs, their Plant Sources and History

5447: 4882:

Psilocybin Mushroom Handbook: Easy Indoor and Outdoor Cultivation

4504: 4492: 4484: 4460: 4444: 4240: 4200: 4039: 3865: 3722: 3676: 3670: 3324: 3241: 3021: 2365: 2349: 2345: 2223: 2084: 2056: 1934: 1846: 1830: 1755:. These results are consistent with the drug's role in affecting 1402: 1334: 1260: 1208: 1204: 1086: 1027: 13652: 13550: 13195: 12500:(Report). Australian Psychedelic Society Inc. January 30, 2019. 12322: 12082: 11886: 11335: 8837:"Hallucinogenic drugs and plants in psychotherapy and shamanism" 7982:(13th ed.). Whitehouse Station, New Jersey: Merck. p. 6812: 6591: 4047:

mushrooms showing the characteristic blue bruising on the stems.

3422:: the rapid emergency drug identification system (REMEDi HS), a 26034: 25936: 25746: 25207: 25169: 25104: 25069: 25064: 24985: 24010: 23800: 23626: 23622: 23363: 22407: 22256: 22182: 22170: 22049: 22045: 20874: 20797: 20705: 20693: 20689: 20653: 20553: 20549: 19550: 18683: 18648: 18585: 18509: 18441: 18416: 18276: 18266: 18211: 18131: 17996: 17951: 17946: 17906: 17891: 17527: 17522: 17517: 17512: 17507: 17502: 17497: 17492: 17487: 17310: 17305: 17300: 17295: 17290: 17275: 17265: 17255: 17245: 17240: 17235: 17200: 17000: 16746: 16387: 15676: 15666: 15408: 15347: 15237: 15178: 15168: 14326: 14277: 14272: 14152: 14147: 14142: 14127: 14122: 14117: 14092: 14057: 14052: 14047: 14042: 14037: 14032: 14027: 13880: 13865: 13860: 13830: 13825: 13820: 13805: 13790: 13775: 13755: 13546: 13544: 13366: 12209: 6070: 5581:

Integration. Zeitschrift für geistbewegende Pflanzen und Kultur

5265: 5189: 5187: 4598: 4596: 4440: 4436: 4067: 3635: 3237: 3154: 3099:, and some psychotomimetic symptoms of psilocin are reduced by 2296: 2080: 1837:

resulting from psilocybin mushroom use involves "bad trips" or

1708: 1439: 1342: 1236: 1116: 1067: 785: 24477: 13360: 13156: 13154: 12054:"'Magic Mushrooms' Can Improve Psychological Health Long Term" 11160: 8966: 8648: 7508: 7400: 6517:

van Amsterdam J, Opperhuizen A, van den Brink W (April 2011).

4456: 3966:

legal status of unauthorised actions with psilocybin mushrooms

3774:

Global distribution of over 100 psychoactive species of genus

2372:

values are estimated to be 1.3 and 6.5 for the two successive

25965: 25777: 25241: 24005: 24000: 23247: 23168: 20869: 20822: 19204: 18543: 18226: 18221: 18216: 18191: 18186: 18141: 18136: 18026: 17205: 16846: 16831: 16751: 16497: 16391: 16383: 16373: 15711: 15706: 15418: 15368: 15342: 15337: 15163: 15158: 14297: 14282: 14107: 14072: 14012: 13997: 13870: 13845: 13331: 11980:"List of psychotropic substances under international control" 10150: 9275:"Medical News: Psilocybin Viewed as Therapy or Research Tool" 8063: 7557: 4977: 4885:. Oakland, California: Quick American Archives. p. 164. 3885: 3834: 3726: 3283:(MAOI) have been known to prolong and enhance the effects of 3200: 2974: 2963: 2952: 2255: 2135: 1980:

can induce acute psychotic states requiring hospitalization.

1969: 1464: 1252: 1090: 1035: 911: 765: 603: 398: 13541: 13402: 12712:

Annual report 2011: the state of the drugs problem in Europe

10803:

Beck O, Helander A, Karlson-Stiber C, Stephansson N (1998).

9908: 9125:

Griffiths RR, Richards WA, McCann U, Jesse R (August 2006).

9124: 7929: 7509:

Chou T, Deckersbach T, Dougherty DD, Hooley JM (June 2023).

6399:"Psilocybin study hints at rebirth of hallucinogen research" 5542:. July 19, 2022. Archived from the original on July 19, 2022 5367: 5365: 5363: 5361: 5184: 4727:"Early-onset drug use and risk for drug dependence problems" 4674: 4593: 4574:. Behavioral effects, in contrast, can be observed directly. 4452: 2981: 2915: 2878: 2837: 2533: 1348:. The first reliably documented report of intoxication with 810: 25109: 25079: 25029: 23634: 22242: 22041: 22037: 22033: 21626: 20783: 20545: 20541: 20537: 19505: 18653: 18206: 18201: 18196: 18171: 17170: 16619: 16585: 16568: 15830: 15398: 15393: 15388: 15212: 15202: 15183: 15173: 14287: 14112: 14097: 14087: 14077: 14067: 14062: 14022: 14017: 14007: 14002: 13987: 13967: 13403:

Hovmand OR, Poulsen ED, Arnfred S, Storebø OJ (July 2023).

13160: 13151: 11707:

by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography".

11424:

Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies

10095: 9175: 7473: 5693:. White River Junction, Vermont: Chelsea Green Publishing. 5317: 5315: 5193: 4511:

in 2006, but noted that many of these had ceased operation.

4488: 4468: 4448: 4313: 4309: 3764: 3291:

consumption may enhance the effects of psilocybin, because

3273: 2076: 1917:

value of rats. Based on the results of animal studies, the

1163:

in most countries, and psilocybin has been classified as a

745: 93: 84: 78: 13584: 13582: 13396: 13189: 12893: 12694: 10144: 10001:

Rickli A, Moning OD, Hoener MC, Liechti ME (August 2016).

9519: 8651:"The pharmacology of lysergic acid diethylamide: a review" 6303: 6105:"The War on Drugs turns 50 today. It's time to make peace" 5655:

Psilocybin Mushrooms of the World: An Identification Guide

5135: 5133: 5131: 5129: 5127: 2333:, found in the skin of certain amphibians, especially the 2104:

Psilocybin mushrooms have been and continue to be used in

2051:

in adulthood; this was in contrast to adolescent usage of

23994: 23570: 23432: 22202: 22144: 21557: 20729: 20658: 19962: 19106: 18333: 15247: 13885: 12942: 12656:

Mycophilia: Revelations from the Weird World of Mushrooms

11370: 10567: 10108:

The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics

10000: 7721: 7233: 7061: 7032: 5479: 5358: 5259: 4932: 4464: 3323:

kits—can be used to assess the presence of psilocybin in

2369: 1857:, it is recommended that pregnant women avoid its usage. 1438:, a chemist employed by the Swiss pharmaceutical company 131: 99: 25: 14570: 12697:

Considering Alternatives to Psychedelic Drug Prohibition

9459: 9040:. New York, New York: Jeremy P. Tarcher/Putnam. p. 8758:. Vol. 1. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger. pp. 7351:"Neuroanatomical and neurochemical substrates of timing" 7147: 6000: 5973: 5907:(3rd ed.). Berkeley, California: Ronin Publishing. 5312: 4320:

trials or received regulatory approval for medical use.

3891: 3272:

into the urine, and a further 15–20% is excreted in the

3260:

via MAO into 4-HIAL. 4-HIAL is subsequently oxidized by

1341:

included details about a "foolish mushroom" in his 1640

1263:, the language of the Aztecs, the mushrooms were called 1101:, the mushrooms had long been consumed in spiritual and 13579: 10989: 10307:

Vargas MV, Meyer R, Avanes AA, Rus M, Olson DE (2021).

9994: 9943: 6939:

La Psilocybine en Psychiatrie Clinique et Experimentale

6763: 6645: 6313:

European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction

5139: 5124: 4507:. The report detailed several additional sites selling 4418:

Synonyms and alternate spellings include 4-PO-DMT (PO:

3868:

contain some psilocybin, while young mycelia (recently

3228:, which can then be excreted in the urine. Psilocin is 2480:

More recent research has demonstrated that—at least in

1900:

mg/kg and in rats is 280 mg/kg. When administered

1555: 16199: 13648:

Psilocybin (COMP-360) - COMPASS Pathways - AdisInsight

11825: 11702: 10926:. New York, Chichester: John Wiley and Sons. pp. 9902: 8070:. Rochester, Vermont: Park Street Press. p. 147. 6764:

MacLean KA, Johnson MW, Griffiths RR (November 2011).

6306:

Hallucinogenic Mushrooms: An Emerging Trend Case Study

6071:

Matsushima Y, Eguchi F, Kikukawa T, Matsuda T (2009).

5085: 4928: 4926: 4924: 4922: 4920: 4918: 4916: 4914: 4472: 3203:. As it becomes converted to psilocin, it undergoes a 3164:

that may be associated with subjective experiences of

2905: 14424: 14346: 10621: 10467:

Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Abused Drugs

10219: 9909:

Holze F, Singh N, Liechti ME, D'Souza DC (May 2024).

9617: 8064:

Strassman R, Wojtowicz S, Luna LE, Frecska E (2008).

7894:. Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Elsevier. p. 222. 5371: 5083: 5081: 5079: 5077: 5075: 5073: 5071: 5069: 5067: 5065: 4294:

of psilocybin over escitalopram appears to be small.

3359:

are used as chemical sprays to detect the drug after

2453:

N,N-dimethylation of tryptamine at the N position to

1972:. Psilocybin usage can temporarily induce a state of 128: 125: 111: 102: 90: 75: 72: 12985: 10306: 9340:

Handbook of the Behavioral Neurobiology of Serotonin

9207: 8321: 8319: 8252: 7564:

The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology

6718:"Natural sources of drugs of abuse: magic mushrooms" 6003:"Human hallucinogen research: guidelines for safety" 5321: 4353: 3331:

to produce a yellow color, and a green color in the

1662:—showed an increase in the personality dimension of 134: 96: 81: 16:

Chemical compound found in some species of mushrooms

13445: 13104: 13102: 13100: 13098: 13096: 13094: 13092: 11195: 11193: 10193: 9381: 8492: 8490: 8191: 8189: 6711: 6709: 6707: 6196:. Kennewick, Washington: Natural Products Company. 5089: 4911: 3818:

is common in Europe, Canada, and the United States.

3709:increased by horizontal transfer of the psilocybin 3160:Psilocybin induces region-dependent alterations in 1231:Some scholars have also interpreted archaeological 1109:isolated psilocybin and psilocin from the mushroom 87: 16162: 14721: 13588: 13282: 12236:"Proposed Initiative Enters Circulation (23-0004)" 11229: 10617: 10615: 10412: 9949: 8696: 8694: 8618:"Acute toxicity of drugs versus regulatory status" 8574: 8325: 8149: 8122: 7635: 7633: 7631: 7629: 6943:Psilocybin in Clinical and Experimental Psychiatry 6001:Johnson M, Richards W, Griffiths R (August 2008). 5930: 5597: 5223: 5140:MacCallum CA, Lo LA, Pistawka CA, Deol JK (2022). 5062: 3428:liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry 2890: 2364:between 220–228 °C (428–442 °F), and an 1892:. The lethal dose of psilocybin when administered 1853:. Although no studies have linked psilocybin with 1490:, suggested promising results using psilocybin in 1482:and Richard Alpert (who later changed his name to 539: 462: 18882: 15886: 14643: 11516:Guzmán G (2005). "Species diversity of the genus 10659:Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 8962: 8960: 8539: 8496: 8316: 7298: 6512: 6510: 6508: 6066: 6064: 5372:Coppola M, Bevione F, Mondola R (February 2022). 3907:Psilocybin decriminalization in the United States 3446:of the extracts in the case of GC–MS. A specific 2826: 1703:(28%), and general instability (22%); changes in 1386:pictured) without access to laboratory equipment. 1142:of mushrooms, dosage, individual physiology, and 26047: 13089: 13038: 12659:. New York, New York: Rodale. pp. 257–258. 11661: 11471: 11265: 11190: 11133: 10271: 9692: 9690: 8700: 8487: 8186: 7848: 6704: 6519:"Harm potential of magic mushroom use: a review" 6506: 6504: 6502: 6500: 6498: 6496: 6494: 6492: 6490: 6488: 5560:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 4822: 4724: 4165:designation for psilocybin-assisted therapy for 3717:mushrooms that grow in meadows and woods of the 3327:prepared from mushrooms. The drug reacts in the 3299:present in the body to produce MAOIs related to 2868: 2091:Cultural significance and "mystical" experiences 1927:Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances 1849:attempts can result from serious cases of acute 673: 41:Kekulé, skeletal formula of canonical psilocybin 14502: 13642:Psilocybin Investigator's Brochure, Version 4.1 13276: 12690: 12688: 12372: 12370: 11767: 11765: 10780:Disposition of Toxic Drugs and Chemicals in Man 10612: 10470:. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. p. 148. 9952:"Molecular and Medical Aspects of Psychedelics" 9553: 9551: 9515: 9513: 9063: 9061: 8691: 7626: 7143: 7141: 6349: 6347: 6073:"Historical overview of psychoactive mushrooms" 5895: 5893: 5891: 5645: 5643: 5641: 5639: 5637: 5635: 5633: 4772: 4770: 3381:gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry 3115:, unlike another common 5-HT receptor agonist, 1792:Theory of mind network and default mode network 1731:Psychiatric effects and perceptual disturbances 1640:are common, and may be very detailed, although 1632:responses, enhanced ability for introspection, 1417:", an article published in the American weekly 1228:, a hallucinogenic species native to the area. 648: 16069: 15923: 13451: 13108: 12887: 12519: 11511: 11509: 11467: 11465: 11261: 11259: 11235: 11023: 11021: 10957:. London, UK: Manson Publishing. p. 113. 10944: 10837: 10302: 10300: 10245: 9652: 9613: 9611: 9609: 9118: 8957: 8901: 8743: 7925: 7923: 7348: 7292: 7184: 6759: 6757: 6061: 5976:Psychotherapy: Theory, Research & Practice 5716: 5714: 5712: 5710: 5229: 4874: 4872: 3947: Illegal state with decriminalized cities 3941: Ambiguous/partially legal/decriminalized 3935: Legal for medical use and decriminalized 3737:species commonly found in the tropics include 2432:experiments from the 1960s suggested that the 1066:. It can also cause adverse reactions such as 447: 24493: 21290:Serotonin antagonists and reuptake inhibitors 18868: 15844: 15807: 13668: 13506: 12562: 12525: 12325:"Caring for "Hassle-Free Highs" in Amsterdam" 11057: 10950: 10408: 10406: 10356: 10354: 9745: 9687: 9377: 9375: 9373: 9371: 9336:"Evolution of serotonin: sunlight to suicide" 9083: 8102: 8057: 7396: 7394: 6806: 6641: 6639: 6637: 6485: 6304:Hillebrand J, Olszewski D, Sedefov R (2006). 6128: 6122: 5816:. Los Angeles, California: LIS Publications. 5807: 5805: 5684: 5682: 5680: 5678: 4878: 4670: 4668: 4270:weeks (plus two putatively non-psychoactive 1 2811: 2116:contexts. Reflecting the meaning of the word 1942:involve other factors aside from psilocybin. 1427:, who identified several of the mushrooms as 578: 13589:Rouaud A, Calder AE, Hasler G (March 2024). 13480: 13011: 12807: 12685: 12367: 12352:11245.1/a323041d-6737-4b4a-968e-9285d8d68ffa 11880: 11762: 11733: 11727: 11655: 11522:International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms 11294: 9851: 9646: 9548: 9510: 9327: 9058: 8828: 8814:. New York, New York: Simon & Schuster. 8776: 8106:Bulletin de la Société Mycologique de France 7971: 7969: 7881: 7842: 7648:. Townsend Letter for Doctors and Patients. 7646:Drug Addictions, Hallucinogens and Shamanism 7349:Coull JT, Cheng RK, Meck WH (January 2011). 7344: 7342: 7138: 6344: 5926: 5924: 5888: 5630: 4767: 4725:Chen CY, Storr CL, Anthony JC (March 2009). 4666: 4664: 4662: 4660: 4658: 4656: 4654: 4652: 4650: 4648: 4258:weeks apart versus daily treatment with the 4223:improvements in depressive symptoms, with 25 3924:Legality of psilocybin mushrooms by country 2853: 2845:Tooltip half-maximal effective concentration 2043:Repeated use of psilocybin does not lead to 1815:toxic psychic residues or sorcerous implants 1442:(now Novartis). Hofmann—who had synthesized 1123:. Increasingly restrictive drug laws of the 413: 53:Ball-and-stick model of canonical psilocybin 13644:(Usona Institute, Madison, Wisconsin, 2021) 13512: 12758: 12703: 12388:] (in Portuguese). Editora Intrinseca. 12287:"Section 37-2705 – Idaho State Legislature" 11771: 11571: 11506: 11462: 11364: 11329: 11256: 11018: 10983: 10872: 10771: 10691: 10650: 10297: 9606: 8938: 8895: 8701:Halberstadt AL, Geyer MA (September 2011). 8096: 7920: 7515:Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 7113: 6930: 6887: 6881: 6754: 6585: 6241: 6184: 6182: 5994: 5707: 5482:"Psilocybin desynchronizes the human brain" 4869: 4227:mg (a moderate dose) more effective than 10 2003: 1994:Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder 24500: 24486: 18875: 18861: 13675: 13661: 13454:Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging 12900:Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology 12842: 11915: 11854: 11800: 11696: 11600: 11407: 11154: 11127: 10685: 10526: 10457: 10403: 10351: 9950:Wojtas A, Gołembiowska K (December 2023). 9915:Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging 9796: 9368: 9027: 8801: 8642: 8584:The Heffter Review of Psychedelic Research 8410:The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry 8358: 7639: 7391: 7227: 6634: 6423: 5830: 5802: 5788:. 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Psilocin is broken down by the enzyme 3175: 2532: 2419: 2094: 2075:, including alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, 2007: 1734: 1575: 1413:he experienced during these rituals in " 1409:, Mexico. In 1957, Wasson described the 1375: 1363: 1295:wrote of witnessing mushroom use in the 1287:'s accession to the throne in 1502. The 1183: 489:• 4-Hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (4-HIAA) 13017: 12408: 12168: 11413: 11373:International Journal of Legal Medicine 11300: 10878: 9333: 8947:International Journal of Parapsychology 8883:from the original on September 21, 2017 8834: 8782: 8597:from the original on September 27, 2011 7822: 7820: 7818: 7403:Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde 7119: 6936: 6918:from the original on September 16, 2018 6282:from the original on September 23, 2015 6216: 5744: 5720: 5649: 5458:from the original on September 25, 2012 5436: 4813: 4715: 4308:) are major limitations and sources of 4239:mg (non-psychoactive and equivalent to 2436:of psilocybin was a four-step process: 2398: 2145:Psychedelic drugs can induce states of 820: 693: 26048: 13026:from the original on September 7, 2021 12764: 12376: 12210:"Psilocybin Spores are Not Controlled" 12177:from the original on November 12, 2009 12171:"UN's INCB Psilocybin Mushroom Policy" 11868:from the original on November 27, 2011 11609:"Occurrence of psilocybin/psilocin in 11577: 11515: 10777: 9092:Archive for the Psychology of Religion 9067: 8944: 8754:. 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However, in the 1568:psilocybin back into the limelight. 1218:discovered near the Spanish town of 953:CN(C)CCC1=CNC2=C1C(=CC=C2)OP(=O)(O)O 631:-1H-indol-4-yl] dihydrogen phosphate 178:-dimethyltryptamine; 4-PO-DMT; 4-PO- 21768:N-desmethylclozapine (norclozapine) 13955: 12064:from the original on April 21, 2013 11671:Annali del Museo Civico di Rovereto 11643:from the original on March 10, 2017 11559:from the original on March 16, 2018 11098: 10042: 9746:Satyanarayana M (October 7, 2019). 9315:from the original on April 10, 2019 9073:Journal of Transpersonal Psychology 8655:CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics 8577:"Flashbacks in theory and practice" 7064:The New England Journal of Medicine 6692:from the original on April 18, 2020 6569:. Johns Hopkins. 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In general, the effects include 937:220–228 °C (428–442 °F) 890: 544:Tooltip Intravenous administration 170:-dimethyltryptamine; 4-Phosphoryl- 14: 26112: 13682: 13635: 12195:(Letter from Secretary of the UN 10885:Principles of Forensic Toxicology 9466:Acta Crystallographica, Section C 8255:The British Journal of Psychiatry 7849:Pagliaro LA, Pagliaro AM (2012). 7243:Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 6158:10.1038/scientificamerican1210-76 5284:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.5960 3968:varies worldwide. Psilocybin and 3856:The psilocybin contents of dried 3403:(HPLC) is used with ultraviolet, 3244:in the small intestine. Based on 2831:Tooltip Serotonin releasing agent 2185:, author of several textbooks on 2173:, which was run by Pahnke at the 2130:and reaffirm traditional values. 1668:Revised NEO Personality Inventory 1146:, as shown in experiments led by 297: 12611: 12587:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.05.012 12487: 12453: 12427: 12402: 12316: 12304: 12279: 12254: 12228: 12202: 12199:to the Dutch Ministry of Health) 12169:Schaepe H (September 13, 2001). 12162: 12125: 12076: 12045: 12008: 11819: 11540: 11450:from the original on May 3, 2021 10809:Journal of Analytical Toxicology 10561: 10514:from the original on May 9, 2021 9739: 9453: 9297: 8719:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.01.017 8667:10.1111/j.1755-5949.2008.00059.x 8379:10.2165/00023210-200418060-00002 8217:10.1097/00001756-199812010-00024 8028:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2004.00744.x 7010:10.1097/00005053-196011000-00007 5945:10.1097/00005053-196312000-00007 5814:Magic Mushrooms Around the World 5444:"Psilocybine – Compound Summary" 5324:European Neuropsychopharmacology 4621:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.05.012 4560: 4537: 4356: 3912:This section is an excerpt from 3806: 3786: 3061:; effects are also mediated via 2873:Tooltip Dopamine releasing agent 2306:. It is structurally related to 2212:National Institute of Drug Abuse 2203:Johns Hopkins School of Medicine 878: 872: 487:• 4-Hydroxyindole-3-acetaldehyde 121: 68: 47: 35: 25183:-Feruloylserotonin (moschamine) 24507: 24456:Monoamine metabolism modulators 13488:"Psilocybin - COMPASS Pathways" 11840:10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.12.013 11534:10.1615/intjmedmushr.v7.i12.280 10361:Olson DE (September 19, 2018). 10225: 10199: 10022:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2016.05.001 9757:Chemical & Engineering News 9672:10.3891/acta.chem.scand.22-1210 8401: 7766: 7715: 7668: 7600: 7551: 7502: 7467: 7452:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105325 6949: 6855: 6559: 6235: 6097: 5777: 5568: 5532: 5336:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2013.12.006 4527: 4520:Percentages are derived from a 4514: 4429: 4412: 4247:weeks following a single dose. 3896: 2523: 2415: 1165:Schedule I controlled substance 1030:compound produced by more than 978:Key:QVDSEJDULKLHCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 26056:Drugs not assigned an ATC code 25338:6,7-Dichloro-2-methylmelatonin 13527:10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115886 13018:Staines R (December 2, 2019). 11828:Forensic Science International 11268:Forensic Science International 11031:Forensic Science International 9653:Agurell S, Nilsson JL (1968). 9434:Hazardous Substances Data Bank 8904:Journal of Religion and Health 8866:10.1080/02791072.1998.10399709 8298:North Carolina Medical Journal 7828:"Psilocybin (Magic Mushrooms)" 6129:Griffiths RR, Grob CS (2010). 5028: 4209:treatment-resistant depression 4167:treatment-resistant depression 3976:under the United Nations 1971 3389:capillary zone electrophoresis 3039:receptors and low affinity to 2546:Psilocin at molecular targets 1945: 1311:from the Spanish authorities. 1167:under the 1971 United Nations 1097:predates recorded history. In 884: 866: 452:Tooltip aldehyde dehydrogenase 319: 306: 1: 24443:Monoamine reuptake inhibitors 24407:Receptor/signaling modulators 13346:10.1080/17512433.2021.1933434 13115:Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci 12949:Journal of Psychopharmacology 12528:Journal of Psychopharmacology 12240:California Secretary of State 12052:Szalavitz M (June 16, 2011). 11989:. August 2003. Archived from 11748:10.1016/s0021-9673(00)94264-x 11721:10.1016/S0021-9673(01)99190-3 11350:10.1016/j.jchromb.2003.08.030 11315:10.1016/S0378-4347(00)82176-3 11280:10.1016/S0379-0738(00)00213-9 11248:(3–4): 175–82. Archived from 11215:10.1016/S0378-4347(98)00067-X 11078:10.1016/S0378-4347(97)00127-8 11043:10.1016/S0379-0738(98)00168-6 10671:10.1016/S0731-7085(02)00278-9 9534:10.1016/S1355-0306(06)71579-9 8976:Journal of Psychopharmacology 8844:Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 8511:10.1016/S0361-9230(01)00646-3 7944:10.1080/17512433.2020.1794811 7773:Hendricks PS (October 2020). 7317:10.1515/REVNEURO.1999.10.2.91 7150:Journal of Psychopharmacology 7047:10.1016/S0010-440X(60)80045-4 6819:Journal of Psychopharmacology 6770:Journal of Psychopharmacology 6356:Journal of Psychopharmacology 6077:Inflammation and Regeneration 6010:Journal of Psychopharmacology 5209:10.1016/s0031-6865(97)00014-9 4879:Nicholas LG, Ogame K (2006). 4847:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61462-6 4581: 4176: 4157:. 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Lisbon, Portugal: 5839:"Seeking the magic mushroom" 5452:National Library of Medicine 5240:10.1007/978-3-031-49068-2_54 4743:10.1016/j.addbeh.2008.10.021 4586: 4278:weeks apart) did not show a 4193:randomized controlled trials 4159:Food and Drug Administration 3363:. Many modern techniques of 3281:Monoamine oxidase inhibitors 3119:(LSD). Psilocin antagonizes 2858:Tooltip Dopamine transporter 2281: 2252:The Harvard Psychedelic Club 2201:A group of researchers from 1390:American banker and amateur 418:Tooltip alkaline phosphatase 7: 26096:Serotonin receptor agonists 25227:-acetylpsilocin; 4-AcO-DMT) 24276:Tetracyclic antidepressants 23851:Tetracyclic antidepressants 23114:Tetracyclic antidepressants 22690:Tetracyclic antidepressants 21939:Tetracyclic antidepressants 21344:Tetracyclic antidepressants 17869:Misc. designer cannabinoids 12409:Shipley M (November 2015). 12017:"Hallucinogens as Medicine" 11889:Journal of Natural Products 11709:Journal of Chromatography A 10535:Current Medicinal Chemistry 9821:10.1016/j.ymben.2019.12.007 7076:10.1056/NEJM196002112620606 6538:10.1016/j.yrtph.2011.01.006 6131:"Hallucinogens as medicine" 5046:(published July 25, 2023). 4779:European Addiction Research 4689:10.1080/1355621021000005937 4349: 4125:as a treatment for certain 4106: 3993:Psychotropic Substances Act 3767:of lower taxonomic groups. 3725:, usually in soils rich in 3319:—commercially available as 1904:in rabbits, psilocybin's LD 1860: 1318:history besides the use of 1093:suggests that human use of 1023:, is a naturally occurring 10: 26117: 13466:10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.02.004 11547:Yong E (August 24, 2017). 11236:Rodriguez-Cruz SE (2005). 10746:10.3389/fphar.2024.1391689 10547:10.2174/092986709789057626 9928:10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.01.007 9878:10.1038/s41467-022-28386-6 8554:10.1016/j.tips.2008.06.006 8332:Journal of Substance Abuse 8164:10.1177/096032718200100408 7255:10.1162/089892905774597191 7093:Behavioral Neuropsychiatry 6090:10.2492/inflammregen.29.47 5837:Wasson RG (May 13, 1957). 5507:10.1038/s41586-024-07624-5 5159:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1040217 5003:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1406888 4503:(Finland). It also listed 4119:Harvard Psilocybin Project 4110: 4094:. Although hallucinogenic 3911: 3900: 3315:Several relatively simple 3117:lysergic acid diethylamide 2312:monoamine neurotransmitter 1974:depersonalization disorder 1925:of 6 milligrams. The 1777:lysergic acid diethylamide 1580:American psychologist and 1444:lysergic acid diethylamide 1415:Seeking the Magic Mushroom 1329:(1526–1609) described the 1174: 856:Chemical and physical data 315:(Prohibited psychotropics) 25844: 25643: 25590: 25499:α-Methyltryptophan (αMTP) 25399: 25290: 24515: 24397: 24354: 24298:Tricyclic antidepressants 24216:Metitepine (methiothepin) 24066: 23963: 23951: 23904: 23865:Tricyclic antidepressants 23796:Metitepine (methiothepin) 23670: 23543: 23531: 23480:Metitepine (methiothepin) 23462: 23413: 23401: 23346: 23235: 23223: 23193: 22973: 22851: 22839: 22821: 22783: 22735:Tricyclic antidepressants 22610:Metitepine (methiothepin) 22416: 22022: 22010: 21985: 21854:Metitepine (methiothepin) 21723: 21505: 21493: 21464: 21374:Tricyclic antidepressants 21205:Metitepine (methiothepin) 20929: 20483: 20471: 20459: 20438:Metitepine (methiothepin) 20430: 20345: 20333: 20301: 20293:Metitepine (methiothepin) 20285: 20234: 20222: 20184: 20156:Metitepine (methiothepin) 20088: 19920: 19908: 19875: 19847:Metitepine (methiothepin) 19770: 19621: 19609: 19574: 19496:Metitepine (methiothepin) 19360: 18917: 18905: 18893: 18810: 18782: 18581: 18487: 18427: 18293: 17867: 17536: 17475: 17429: 17188: 17179: 17151: 17131: 17124: 16859: 16739: 16701: 16670: 16642: 16612: 16516: 16450:2-Fluorodeschloroketamine 16442: 16431: 16410: 16331: 16236: 16194: 16157: 16101: 16064: 15918: 15881: 15839: 15802: 15761: 15752: 15724: 15584: 15553: 15427: 15356: 15327: 15246: 15192: 15148: 15056: 14978: 14818: 14715: 14637: 14564: 14496: 14418: 14340: 14312: 14296: 13944: 13764: 13711: 13690: 13607:10.1177/02698811231225609 13565:10.1177/02698811231190865 13421:10.1177/02698811231180276 13334:Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 12787:10.1007/s12231-008-9033-8 12434:Adlin B (July 15, 2024). 12329:Anthropology and Humanism 12266:Georgia Board of Pharmacy 12101:10.1007/s00213-011-2358-5 11736:Journal of Chromatography 11436:10.1080/10826070903245516 11385:10.1007/s00414-004-0469-9 11303:Journal of Chromatography 11184:10.1016/j.aca.2004.08.071 11136:Journal of Chromatography 11004:10.1007/s11419-009-0087-9 10858:10.1016/j.lfs.2006.06.010 10587:10.1038/s41386-020-0718-8 10432:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.724606 10326:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.727117 10169:10.1007/s00213-014-3557-7 9770:10.1021/cen-09739-scicon9 9659:Acta Chemica Scandinavica 9486:10.1107/S2053229621013164 9273:Smith M (July 12, 2006). 9146:10.1007/s00213-006-0457-5 8422:10.1080/15622970410029908 8344:10.3109/14659890903271624 6667:10.1007/s00213-003-1640-6 6610:10.1007/s00213-011-2358-5 6430:Miller G (July 1, 2008). 5905:Psychedelics Encyclopedia 5616:10.1007/s12231-011-9152-5 5232:MEDICON'23 and CMBEBIH'23 5109:10.1017/S1092852922000888 4952:10.3390/molecules26102948 4280:statistically significant 4205:major depressive disorder 3731:subtropical humid forests 3475: 3472: 3385:ion mobility spectrometry 3361:thin layer chromatography 3339:groups and unsubstituted 3215:(MAO) to produce several 2991: 2476:of psilocin to psilocybin 2463:of dimethyltryptamine to 1781:Psychedelics Encyclopedia 1683:Common responses include 1622:Closed-eye hallucinations 1488:Concord Prison Experiment 1359: 986: 961: 941: 931: 909: 896: 860: 855: 836: 804: 784: 764: 744: 724: 704: 684: 659: 639: 619: 614: 597: 558: 512: 495: 470: 437:Tooltip monoamine oxidase 392: 382: 365: 357: 287: 282: 266: 249: 223: 211: 199: 146: 63: 58: 46: 34: 23786:Latrepirdine (dimebolin) 23475:Latrepirdine (dimebolin) 22800:ergometrine (ergonovine) 22600:Latrepirdine (dimebolin) 21997:ergometrine (ergonovine) 20710:ergometrine (ergonovine) 20313:ergometrine (ergonovine) 19891:ergometrine (ergonovine) 19596:ergometrine (ergonovine) 12961:10.1177/0269881116675512 12912:10.1177/2045125316638008 12632:10.1177/0308275X18775818 12620:Critique of Anthropology 12540:10.1177/0269881114568039 10379:10.1177/1179069518800508 10043:Ray TS (February 2010). 10010:Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 9104:10.1163/157361208X317196 8988:10.1177/0269881108094300 7162:10.1177/0269881106065859 7035:Comprehensive Psychiatry 6831:10.1177/0269881117731279 6782:10.1177/0269881111420188 6368:10.1177/0269881110382466 6217:Oeric OT, Os ON (1991). 6022:10.1177/0269881108093587 5657:. Berkeley, California: 4465:Copenhagen Mushroom Link 4274:mg doses of psilocybin 3 4254:mg doses of psilocybin 3 4235:mg more effective than 1 4173:is also being examined. 4034: 3997:Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 3393:ultraviolet spectroscopy 2157:, such as meditation or 2004:Tolerance and dependence 1817:" found in one's body. 1496:Schedule I category 1179: 256:Serotonergic psychedelic 26091:Psychedelic tryptamines 25971:Substituted benzofurans 25706:β-carboline (norharman) 25553:AL-37350A (4,5-DHP-αMT) 25040:Desformylflustrabromine 24971:Aeruginascin (4-PO-TMT) 24074:Atypical antipsychotics 23683:Atypical antipsychotics 23001:Atypical antipsychotics 22434:Atypical antipsychotics 21736:Atypical antipsychotics 20989:Atypical antipsychotics 19368:Atypical antipsychotics 18974:Atypical antipsychotics 16396:substituted benzofurans 16208:(Mipracetin) 4-AcO-MiPT 15821:(Daltacetin) 4-AcO-DALT 13301:10.1136/bmj-2023-078607 13214:10.1001/jama.2023.14530 12291:Idaho State Legislature 12015:Griffiths RR, Grob CS. 10574:Neuropsychopharmacology 10419:Frontiers in Psychiatry 10313:Frontiers in Psychiatry 10120:10.1124/jpet.111.188946 8499:Brain Research Bulletin 8135:: 40–41. Archived from 7355:Neuropsychopharmacology 6726:Nova Science Publishers 6432:"A very memorable trip" 6397:Keim B (July 1, 2008). 6242:San Antonio JP (1971). 5146:Frontiers in Psychiatry 5044:Diário Oficial da União 4990:Frontiers in Psychiatry 4385:Psychedelic microdosing 4344:psychedelic microdosing 4005:In some jurisdictions, 3438:requires a preliminary 3379:, techniques involving 3234:glucuronosyltransferase 2175:Harvard Divinity School 2171:Marsh Chapel Experiment 2108:cultures in religious, 1201:Tassili Mushroom Figure 25357:-acetylserotonin; NAS) 25198:Norbaeocystin (4-PO-T) 24921:5-(Nonyloxy)tryptamine 24316:Typical antipsychotics 23887:Typical antipsychotics 23147:Typical antipsychotics 23029:Bemesetron (MDL-72222) 22749:Typical antipsychotics 21962:Typical antipsychotics 21384:Typical antipsychotics 20075:5-(nonyloxy)tryptamine 18505:Aliphatic hydrocarbons 16078:(Depracetin) 4-AcO-DPT 15895:(Ipracetin) 4-AcO-DiPT 13370:J Clin Psychopharmacol 12717:(Report). Luxembourg: 12460:Lu D (June 30, 2023). 11414:Lurie I, Li L (2009). 11164:Analytica Chimica Acta 9632:10.1002/anie.201705489 9309:commentarymagazine.com 8007:Gable RS (June 2004). 6724:. New York, New York: 5378:Journal of Xenobiotics 4231:mg (a low dose) and 10 4211:. Combined with brief 4199:effects outperforming 4048: 4015:Advocacy for tolerance 3961: 3862:Psilocybe semilanceata 3779: 3301:tetrahydroisoquinoline 3262:aldehyde dehydrogenase 3258:oxidatively deaminated 3185: 3012:Psilocybin is rapidly 2542: 2426: 2293:substituted tryptamine 2101: 2017: 1976:. Usage by those with 1744: 1596:. In the early 1960s, 1589: 1387: 1373: 1350:Psilocybe semilanceata 1196: 1044:classical psychedelics 154:-Phosphoryl-4-hydroxy- 25747:DM-506 (ibogaminalog) 25419:4-HO-MPMI (lucigenol) 25237:Psilocybin (4-PO-DMT) 25145:Methylbutyltryptamine 24996:Baeocystin (4-PO-NMT) 24465:Monoamine neurotoxins 22243:MDMA (midomafetamine) 21627:MDMA (midomafetamine) 21230:Opiranserin (VVZ-149) 20784:MDMA (midomafetamine) 20490:25H/NB series (e.g., 18532:Aromatic hydrocarbons 16259:(Lucigenol) 4-HO-MPMI 16176:(Metocetin) 4-AcO-MET 16056:(Psilocybin) 4-PO-DMT 15853:(Ethacetin) 4-AcO-DET 13262:10.1056/NEJMoa2032994 13175:10.1056/NEJMoa2206443 12386:How to kill your mind 11968:on November 16, 2020. 11922:Gross ST (May 2000). 11677:: 207. Archived from 10883:. In Levine B (ed.). 9858:Nature Communications 9809:Metabolic Engineering 9522:Science & Justice 9214:Frontiers in Medicine 8750:Winkelman MJ (2007). 8465:10.1055/s-2007-979350 8267:10.1192/bjp.132.6.602 7640:Batchelder T (2001). 4298:Functional unblinding 4213:psychological support 4127:personality disorders 4042: 3923: 3901:Further information: 3773: 3397:infrared spectroscopy 3266:alcohol dehydrogenase 3246:studies using animals 3240:in the liver, and by 3179: 2537:The neurotransmitter 2536: 2502:Psilocybe, Panaeolus, 2423: 2159:holotropic breathwork 2098: 2011: 2000:and other variables. 1738: 1579: 1379: 1367: 1293:Bernardino de Sahagún 1243:"mushroom stones" of 1191:"mushroom stones" of 1187: 1064:spiritual experiences 532:hours (range 1.5–18.6 491:• 4-Hydroxytryptophol 26101:Tryptamine alkaloids 25645:Cyclized tryptamines 25150:Miprocin (4-HO-MiPT) 25120:Indolylethylfentanyl 25090:Ethocybin (4-PO-DET) 25015:Bufotenin (5-HO-DMT) 25010:Bufotenidine (5-HTQ) 22937:bufotenidine (5-HTQ) 22060:5-Methoxytryptamines 20574:5-Methoxytryptamines 16468:(N-Ethylnorketamine) 16213:(Miprocin) 4-HO-MiPT 16036:(Bufotenin) 5-HO-DMT 15873:(Ethocybin) 4-PO-DET 15816:(Daltocin) 4-HO-DALT 15475:Cyclopropylmescaline 12995:. Compass Pathways. 12862:10.7759/cureus.30214 12382:Como mudar sua mente 11430:(17–20): 2615–2626. 10373:: 1179069518800508. 9969:10.3390/ijms25010241 9752:pump out psilocybin" 9384:Folia Microbiologica 9171:on November 9, 2011. 8620:. In Fish JM (ed.). 7741:10.2147/RMHP.S300656 7576:10.1093/ijnp/pyac074 7527:10.1093/scan/nsad032 7367:10.1038/npp.2010.113 7193:Neuroscience Letters 6865:. January 19, 2018. 6728:. pp. 167–186. 6720:. In Cole SM (ed.). 6049:on November 20, 2017 5845:. pp. 101–120. 5770:10.29203/ka.1992.294 4461:The Entheogen Review 4163:breakthrough therapy 3959: No information 3815:P. semilanceata 3752:P. semilanceata 3644:(116 species), 3365:analytical chemistry 3209:systemic circulation 2399:Laboratory synthesis 2187:comparative religion 2151:mystical experiences 1798:default mode network 1725:liver toxicity tests 1666:(assessed using the 1660:postgraduate degrees 1509:LSD—My Problem Child 1474:In the early 1960s, 1346:Theatricum Botanicum 1301:defeat of the Aztecs 1095:psilocybin mushrooms 1050:, visual and mental 606:(mainly as psilocin- 550:hours (range 1.8–4.5 25745:and related (e.g., 25381:-Propionylmelatonin 25232:Psilocin (4-HO-DMT) 25130:Iprocin (4-HO-DiPT) 23555:dihydroergocryptine 22239:MDA (tenamfetamine) 21623:MDA (tenamfetamine) 21588:dihydroergocryptine 20780:MDA (tenamfetamine) 18566:Chlorofluorocarbons 16382:in general (e. g.: 16264:(Meprocin) 4-HO-MPT 16083:(Deprocin) 4-HO-DPT 16051:(Psilocin) 4-HO-DMT 15900:(Iprocin) 4-HO-DiPT 15602:2C-B-DragonFLY-NBOH 15136:N-(2C-TFM) fentanyl 15131:N-(2C-T-7) fentanyl 15126:N-(2C-T-4) fentanyl 15121:N-(2C-T-2) fentanyl 14819:Atypical structures 13841:Dimethyllysergamide 13816:3-Pentyllysergamide 13127:10.9758/cpn.23.1134 12779:2008EcBot..62..404G 12413:. Lexington Books. 12024:Scientific American 11996:on December 5, 2005 11901:10.1021/np50052a030 11176:2004AcAC..527..149S 10992:Forensic Toxicology 10879:Jenkins AJ (2003). 10822:10.1093/jat/22.1.45 10061:2010PLoSO...5.9019R 9870:2022NatCo..13..712W 9626:(40): 12352–12355. 9478:2022AcCrC..78...36S 9334:Azmitia EC (2010). 8326:Carhart-Harris RL, 7888:Schaefer C (2001). 6961:Psychopharmacologia 6937:Quentin AM (1960). 6555:on January 9, 2015. 6150:2010SciAm.303f..76G 6138:Scientific American 6109:The Washington Post 5575:Samorini G (1992). 5498:2024Natur.632..131S 5391:10.3390/jox12010004 4831:(9752): 1558–1565. 4731:Addictive Behaviors 4505:Magic-Mushrooms.net 4131:nicotine dependence 4113:Psychedelic therapy 3999:, and the Canadian 3746:P. subcubensis 3469: 3377:forensic toxicology 3076:fashion by the 5-HT 3026:serotonin receptors 2547: 2335:Colorado River toad 2287:Physical properties 2155:non-drug techniques 2106:Indigenous American 2045:physical dependence 1865:Psilocybin has low 1652:Roland R. Griffiths 1537:Psilocybe cubensis 1505:LSD—mein Sorgenkind 1492:clinical psychiatry 1469:psycholytic therapy 1411:psychedelic visions 1399:Valentina P. Wasson 1225:Psilocybe hispanica 1156:serotonin receptors 1121:psychedelic therapy 1013:-dimethyltryptamine 374:: 52.7 ± 20.4% (as 31: 25401:α-Alkyltryptamines 25373:-Butanoylmelatonin 25333:6-Methoxymelatonin 25328:6-Hydroxymelatonin 25313:5-Methoxyluzindole 25295:-Acetyltryptamines 24966:Acetryptine (5-AT) 24911:5-Methyltryptamine 24793:5-HTP (oxitriptan) 24380:naphthylpiperazine 24151:2-Br-LSD (BOL-148) 23938:naphthylpiperazine 23916:2-Br-LSD (BOL-148) 23518:naphthylpiperazine 23425:2-Br-LSD (BOL-148) 23210:naphthylpiperazine 22086:α-Alkyltryptamines 20600:α-Alkyltryptamines 18884:Serotonin receptor 18792:Calea zacatechichi 18387:agonists, such as 17977:ADAMANTYL-THPINACA 16171:(Metocin) 4-HO-MET 15957:4-Propionyloxy-DMT 15858:(Ethocin) 4-HO-DET 15607:2C-B-FLY-NB2EtO5Cl 15545:Trifluoromescaline 15428:Mescaline (subst.) 15101:N-(2C-IP) fentanyl 13836:Diallyllysergamide 13811:2-Butyllysergamide 13064:10.3390/ph14080793 12342:10.1111/anhu.12298 12089:Psychopharmacology 12033:on October 3, 2011 11252:on April 29, 2011. 10778:Baselt RC (2008). 10706:10.2217/pgs.10.171 10504:"PDSP Ki Database" 10157:Psychopharmacology 9581:10.3390/ph16010040 9396:10.1007/BF02818560 9134:Psychopharmacology 8916:10.1007/BF01532646 8835:Metzner R (1998). 8783:McKenna T (1993). 8453:Pharmacopsychiatry 6973:10.1007/BF00408109 6655:Psychopharmacology 6598:Psychopharmacology 6434:. sciencemag.org. 6167:on October 3, 2011 5878:Revue de Mycologie 5784:Wasson RG (1968). 4546:Psychopharmacology 4487:(Czech Republic), 4424:dimethyltryptamine 4390:Psychoactive plant 4372:List of entheogens 4284:secondary measures 4135:alcohol dependence 4049: 3962: 3796:Psilocybe mexicana 3780: 3603:P. cyanofibrillosa 3463: 3459:Natural occurrence 3369:gas chromatography 3311:Analytical methods 3285:dimethyltryptamine 3186: 2545: 2543: 2455:dimethyltryptamine 2427: 2327:dimethyltryptamine 2299:ring linked to an 2240:Openness/Intellect 2102: 2073:recreational drugs 2018: 2014:psychoactive drugs 1910:Psilocybe cubensis 1882:median lethal dose 1851:psychotic episodes 1745: 1687:(93%); changes in 1590: 1476:Harvard University 1457:structural analogs 1449:Psilocybe mexicana 1407:Huautla de Jiménez 1388: 1383:Psilocybe cubensis 1374: 1372:in the late 1950s. 1370:Psilocybe mexicana 1239:and the so-called 1203:was discovered in 1197: 1152:Harvard University 1112:Psilocybe mexicana 560:Duration of action 546:(as psilocin): 1.2 21: 26086:Psychedelic drugs 26043: 26042: 25845:Related compounds 25730:tetrahydroharmine 25543:αET (etryptamine) 25365:-Acetyltryptamine 25323:6-Fluoromelatonin 25318:6-Chloromelatonin 25308:2-Phenylmelatonin 25004: 24475: 24474: 24468: 24459: 24450: 24437: 24428: 24419: 24410: 24393: 24392: 24389: 24388: 24359:Unknown/unsorted: 24167:dihydroergotamine 23947: 23946: 23909:Unknown/unsorted: 23559:dihydroergotamine 23527: 23526: 23497:Unknown/unsorted: 23397: 23396: 23219: 23218: 23198:Unknown/unsorted: 22867:ethanol (alcohol) 22817: 22816: 22813: 22812: 22788:Unknown/unsorted: 22179:dihydroergotamine 22006: 22005: 21990:Unknown/unsorted: 21592:dihydroergotamine 21489: 21488: 21476:dihydroergotamine 21469:Unknown/unsorted: 21298:hydroxynefazodone 20455: 20454: 20451: 20450: 20329: 20328: 20306:Unknown/unsorted: 20218: 20217: 20189:Unknown/unsorted: 19955:dihydroergotamine 19904: 19903: 19880:Unknown/unsorted: 19672:dihydroergotamine 19605: 19604: 19579:Unknown/unsorted: 19407:iodocyanopindolol 19095:dihydroergotamine 18948:hydroxynefazodone 18850: 18849: 18846: 18845: 18498: 18420: 18289: 18288: 18285: 18284: 17145: 16874: 16855: 16854: 16671:Diarylethylamines 16638: 16637: 16461:Deschloroketamine 16425: 16406: 16405: 16399: 16327: 16326: 16223:(Moxy) 5-MeO-MiPT 15766:-alkyltryptamines 15720: 15719: 15540:Trifluoroescaline 15525:Methallylescaline 15480:Difluoromescaline 15144: 15143: 15116:N-(2C-T) fentanyl 15111:N-(2C-P) fentanyl 15106:N-(2C-N) fentanyl 15096:N-(2C-I) fentanyl 15091:N-(2C-H) fentanyl 15086:N-(2C-G) fentanyl 15081:N-(2C-E) fentanyl 15076:N-(2C-D) fentanyl 15071:N-(2C-C) fentanyl 15066:N-(2C-B) fentanyl 14974: 14973: 13911:Methylergometrine 13705: 13595:J Psychopharmacol 13553:J Psychopharmacol 13409:J Psychopharmacol 13256:(15): 1402–1411. 13169:(18): 1637–1648. 12955:(12): 1165–1180. 12736:978-92-9168-470-0 12666:978-1-60529-407-0 12575:Neuropharmacology 12420:978-1-4985-0910-7 12216:. 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April 1, 2010. 9051:978-1-58542-034-6 8821:978-0-684-84297-4 8794:978-0-553-37130-7 8769:978-0-275-99024-4 8707:Neuropharmacology 8631:978-0-7425-4245-7 8616:Gable RS (2006). 8242:on March 3, 2019. 8211:(17): 3897–3902. 8139:on April 5, 2012. 8077:978-1-59477-224-5 7993:978-0-911910-13-1 7901:978-0-444-50763-1 7862:978-0-470-63906-1 7779:eClinicalMedicine 7688:978-0-8065-1652-3 7409:(52): 2869–2872. 7249:(10): 1497–1508. 7131:978-1-85070-569-7 6955:See for example: 6776:(11): 1453–1461. 6735:978-1-59454-961-8 6362:(11): 1434–1452. 6228:978-0-932551-06-1 6203:978-0-9614234-3-8 5914:978-0-914171-51-5 5823:978-0-9653399-0-2 5795:978-0-88316-517-1 5751:Nyberg H (1992). 5689:Marley G (2010). 5668:978-0-89815-839-7 5492:(8023): 131–138. 5272:JAMA Network Open 5249:978-3-031-49067-5 5038:(July 24, 2023). 4892:978-0-932551-71-9 4791:10.1159/000317249 4677:Addiction Biology 4609:Neuropharmacology 4485:Kouzelné houbičky 4406:Explanatory notes 4395:Stoned ape theory 4186:open-label trials 4184:, including both 4151:anxiety disorders 3624: 3623: 3353:Ehrlich's reagent 3213:monoamine oxidase 3205:first-pass effect 3003: 3002: 2862:6,000–>30,000 2820:3,800–>10,000 2753:3,700–>10,000 2430:Isotopic labeling 2379:and 10.4 for the 2368:-like taste. Its 2295:that features an 2228:life satisfaction 2222:and psychoactive 1931:therapeutic index 1804:Group perceptions 1757:prefrontal cortex 1741:prefrontal cortex 1695:(84%), including 1648:prospective study 1561:neuropharmacology 1542:Agaricus bisporus 1525:Dennis J. McKenna 1307:hid their use of 1161:has been outlawed 998: 997: 922:Interactive image 806:CompTox Dashboard 571:hours (range 3–12 409:Dephosphorylation 346: 334: 322: 310: 301: 194: 26108: 26071:Organophosphates 25877:7-Aza-5-MeO-DiPT 25862:5-Aza-4-MeO-DiPT 25252:Serotonin (5-HT) 25020:Convolutindole A 25002: 24525:1-Methylpsilocin 24502: 24495: 24488: 24479: 24478: 24462: 24453: 24447:releasing agents 24440: 24431: 24422: 24413: 24401: 24026:Serotonin (5-HT) 23961: 23960: 23594:Serotonin (5-HT) 23541: 23540: 23439:Serotonin (5-HT) 23411: 23410: 23318:Serotonin (5-HT) 23233: 23232: 23069:Hydroxybupropion 22910:Serotonin (5-HT) 22871:trichloroethanol 22849: 22848: 22837: 22836: 22342:Serotonin (5-HT) 22020: 22019: 21661:Serotonin (5-HT) 21543:levofenfluramine 21527:chlorphentermine 21513:4-Methylaminorex 21503: 21502: 21416:prochlorperazine 21240:Phenoxybenzamine 21210:MIN-117 (WF-516) 20865:Serotonin (5-HT) 20481: 20480: 20469: 20468: 20394:Serotonin (5-HT) 20343: 20342: 20257:Serotonin (5-HT) 20232: 20231: 20003:Serotonin (5-HT) 19918: 19917: 19704:Serotonin (5-HT) 19619: 19618: 19501:MIN-117 (WF-516) 19270:Serotonin (5-HT) 18915: 18914: 18903: 18902: 18877: 18870: 18863: 18854: 18853: 18492: 18462:Amanita muscaria 18401:releasing agents 18382: 17186: 17185: 17166:THC (Dronabinol) 17149: 17148: 17136: 17129: 17128: 17076:Phenyltoloxamine 16864: 16716:Dextromethorphan 16443:Ketamine-related 16440: 16439: 16429: 16428: 16415: 16377: 16201: 16164: 16102:Ibogaine-related 16071: 15925: 15888: 15846: 15809: 15759: 15758: 15495:Fluoroproscaline 15485:Difluoroescaline 15435:2-Bromomescaline 14723: 14645: 14572: 14504: 14426: 14348: 14320: 14310: 14309: 14294: 14293: 13953: 13952: 13709: 13708: 13695: 13677: 13670: 13663: 13654: 13653: 13629: 13628: 13618: 13586: 13577: 13576: 13548: 13539: 13538: 13510: 13504: 13503: 13501: 13499: 13484: 13478: 13477: 13449: 13443: 13442: 13432: 13400: 13394: 13393: 13364: 13358: 13357: 13340:(9): 1133–1152. 13329: 13323: 13322: 13312: 13280: 13274: 13273: 13245: 13236: 13235: 13225: 13193: 13187: 13186: 13158: 13149: 13148: 13138: 13106: 13087: 13086: 13076: 13066: 13042: 13036: 13035: 13033: 13031: 13022:. Pharmaphorum. 13015: 13009: 13008: 13006: 13004: 12989: 12983: 12982: 12972: 12940: 12934: 12933: 12923: 12891: 12885: 12884: 12874: 12864: 12840: 12834: 12833: 12805: 12799: 12798: 12762: 12756: 12755: 12753: 12751: 12745: 12716: 12707: 12701: 12700: 12692: 12683: 12682: 12680: 12678: 12650: 12644: 12643: 12615: 12609: 12608: 12598: 12566: 12560: 12559: 12523: 12517: 12516: 12514: 12512: 12506: 12499: 12491: 12485: 12484: 12482: 12480: 12457: 12451: 12450: 12448: 12446: 12431: 12425: 12424: 12406: 12400: 12399: 12374: 12365: 12364: 12354: 12344: 12320: 12314: 12308: 12302: 12301: 12299: 12297: 12283: 12277: 12276: 12274: 12272: 12258: 12252: 12251: 12249: 12247: 12232: 12226: 12225: 12223: 12221: 12206: 12200: 12194: 12184: 12182: 12166: 12160: 12159: 12157: 12155: 12149: 12143:. Archived from 12138: 12129: 12123: 12122: 12112: 12080: 12074: 12073: 12071: 12069: 12049: 12043: 12042: 12040: 12038: 12032: 12026:. Archived from 12021: 12012: 12006: 12005: 12003: 12001: 11995: 11984: 11976: 11970: 11969: 11967: 11961:. Archived from 11928: 11919: 11913: 11912: 11884: 11878: 11877: 11875: 11873: 11858: 11852: 11851: 11834:(1–3): 160–164. 11823: 11817: 11816: 11804: 11798: 11797: 11769: 11760: 11759: 11731: 11725: 11724: 11700: 11694: 11693: 11691: 11689: 11684:on June 26, 2010 11683: 11668: 11659: 11653: 11652: 11650: 11648: 11604: 11598: 11597: 11575: 11569: 11568: 11566: 11564: 11544: 11538: 11537: 11528:(1–2): 305–331. 11513: 11504: 11503: 11501: 11499: 11493: 11478: 11469: 11460: 11459: 11457: 11455: 11411: 11405: 11404: 11368: 11362: 11361: 11333: 11327: 11326: 11298: 11292: 11291: 11274:(1–3): 403–407. 11263: 11254: 11253: 11233: 11227: 11226: 11197: 11188: 11187: 11158: 11152: 11151: 11142:(1–2): 201–208. 11131: 11125: 11124: 11096: 11090: 11089: 11061: 11055: 11054: 11025: 11016: 11015: 10987: 10981: 10980: 10978: 10976: 10948: 10942: 10941: 10920:Cole MD (2003). 10917: 10911: 10910: 10908: 10906: 10876: 10870: 10869: 10841: 10835: 10834: 10824: 10800: 10794: 10793: 10775: 10769: 10768: 10758: 10748: 10724: 10718: 10717: 10694:Pharmacogenomics 10689: 10683: 10682: 10654: 10648: 10647: 10619: 10610: 10609: 10599: 10589: 10565: 10559: 10558: 10530: 10524: 10523: 10521: 10519: 10500: 10494: 10493: 10491: 10489: 10461: 10455: 10454: 10444: 10434: 10410: 10401: 10400: 10390: 10358: 10349: 10348: 10338: 10328: 10304: 10295: 10294: 10292: 10290: 10275: 10269: 10268: 10266: 10264: 10249: 10243: 10242: 10240: 10238: 10223: 10217: 10216: 10214: 10212: 10197: 10191: 10190: 10180: 10148: 10142: 10141: 10131: 10099: 10093: 10092: 10082: 10072: 10040: 10034: 10033: 10016:(8): 1327–1337. 10007: 9998: 9992: 9991: 9981: 9971: 9947: 9941: 9940: 9930: 9906: 9900: 9899: 9889: 9849: 9843: 9842: 9832: 9800: 9794: 9793: 9791: 9789: 9743: 9737: 9736: 9726: 9694: 9685: 9684: 9674: 9665:(4): 1210–1218. 9650: 9644: 9643: 9615: 9604: 9603: 9593: 9583: 9555: 9546: 9545: 9517: 9508: 9507: 9497: 9457: 9451: 9450: 9448: 9446: 9425: 9416: 9415: 9379: 9366: 9365: 9363: 9361: 9331: 9325: 9324: 9322: 9320: 9301: 9295: 9294: 9292: 9290: 9279:Medpagetoday.com 9270: 9264: 9263: 9245: 9205: 9199: 9198: 9196: 9194: 9179: 9173: 9172: 9170: 9164:. Archived from 9131: 9122: 9116: 9115: 9087: 9081: 9080: 9065: 9056: 9055: 9034:Smith H (2000). 9031: 9025: 9024: 9022: 9020: 9015:on July 22, 2008 9014: 9008:. Archived from 8999: 8973: 8964: 8955: 8954: 8942: 8936: 8935: 8899: 8893: 8892: 8890: 8888: 8882: 8859: 8841: 8832: 8826: 8825: 8808:James W (1902). 8805: 8799: 8798: 8780: 8774: 8773: 8747: 8741: 8740: 8730: 8698: 8689: 8688: 8678: 8646: 8640: 8639: 8613: 8607: 8606: 8604: 8602: 8596: 8581: 8572: 8566: 8565: 8537: 8531: 8530: 8494: 8485: 8484: 8448: 8442: 8441: 8405: 8399: 8398: 8362: 8356: 8355: 8323: 8314: 8313: 8293: 8287: 8286: 8250: 8244: 8243: 8241: 8235:. Archived from 8202: 8193: 8184: 8183: 8152:Human Toxicology 8147: 8141: 8140: 8120: 8114: 8113: 8100: 8094: 8093: 8091: 8089: 8061: 8055: 8054: 8052: 8050: 8044: 8013: 8004: 7998: 7997: 7973: 7964: 7963: 7927: 7918: 7917: 7915: 7913: 7885: 7879: 7878: 7876: 7874: 7846: 7840: 7839: 7837: 7835: 7824: 7813: 7812: 7802: 7770: 7764: 7763: 7753: 7743: 7719: 7713: 7712: 7710: 7708: 7675:Leary T (2007). 7672: 7666: 7665: 7663: 7661: 7637: 7624: 7623: 7621: 7619: 7604: 7598: 7597: 7587: 7555: 7549: 7548: 7538: 7506: 7500: 7499: 7476:Neuropsychologia 7471: 7465: 7464: 7454: 7430: 7419: 7418: 7398: 7389: 7388: 7378: 7346: 7337: 7336: 7296: 7290: 7289: 7287: 7285: 7279: 7240: 7231: 7225: 7224: 7188: 7182: 7181: 7145: 7136: 7135: 7117: 7111: 7108: 7087: 7058: 7029: 6992: 6953: 6947: 6946: 6934: 6928: 6927: 6925: 6923: 6917: 6894: 6885: 6879: 6878: 6876: 6874: 6859: 6853: 6852: 6842: 6810: 6804: 6803: 6793: 6761: 6752: 6751: 6749: 6747: 6713: 6702: 6701: 6699: 6697: 6691: 6652: 6643: 6632: 6631: 6621: 6589: 6583: 6582: 6580: 6578: 6563: 6557: 6556: 6554: 6548:. Archived from 6523: 6514: 6483: 6482: 6454: 6448: 6447: 6445: 6443: 6427: 6421: 6420: 6418: 6416: 6394: 6388: 6387: 6351: 6342: 6341: 6339: 6337: 6331: 6310: 6301: 6292: 6291: 6289: 6287: 6239: 6233: 6232: 6214: 6208: 6207: 6186: 6177: 6176: 6174: 6172: 6166: 6160:. Archived from 6135: 6126: 6120: 6119: 6117: 6115: 6101: 6095: 6094: 6092: 6068: 6059: 6058: 6056: 6054: 6048: 6042:. Archived from 6033: 6007: 5998: 5992: 5991: 5988:10.1037/h0088612 5971: 5965: 5964: 5928: 5919: 5918: 5897: 5886: 5885: 5873: 5867: 5866: 5864: 5862: 5834: 5828: 5827: 5812:Gartz J (1997). 5809: 5800: 5799: 5781: 5775: 5774: 5772: 5748: 5742: 5741: 5718: 5705: 5704: 5686: 5673: 5672: 5647: 5628: 5627: 5595: 5589: 5588: 5572: 5566: 5565: 5559: 5551: 5549: 5547: 5536: 5530: 5529: 5519: 5509: 5477: 5468: 5467: 5465: 5463: 5440: 5434: 5430:, 11th Edition, 5423: 5414: 5413: 5403: 5393: 5369: 5356: 5355: 5319: 5310: 5309: 5295: 5263: 5257: 5256: 5227: 5221: 5220: 5191: 5182: 5181: 5171: 5161: 5137: 5122: 5121: 5111: 5087: 5060: 5059: 5057: 5055: 5032: 5026: 5025: 5015: 5005: 4981: 4975: 4974: 4964: 4954: 4930: 4909: 4908: 4906: 4904: 4876: 4867: 4866: 4840: 4820: 4811: 4810: 4774: 4765: 4764: 4754: 4722: 4713: 4712: 4672: 4643: 4642: 4632: 4600: 4575: 4564: 4558: 4541: 4535: 4531: 4525: 4518: 4512: 4433: 4427: 4416: 4366: 4361: 4360: 4359: 4325:cardiac fibrosis 4277: 4273: 4269: 4257: 4253: 4246: 4238: 4234: 4230: 4226: 4143:cluster headache 4057:RAND Corporation 3974:Schedule I drugs 3958: 3952: 3946: 3940: 3934: 3928: 3810: 3790: 3757:chemotaxonomical 3740:P. cubensis 3470: 3462: 3333:Mandelin reagent 3172:Pharmacokinetics 3147:body temperature 3014:dephosphorylated 3005:Psilocybin is a 2999: 2986: 2920: 2911: 2907: 2896: 2892: 2883: 2874: 2870: 2859: 2855: 2846: 2842: 2832: 2828: 2817: 2813: 2548: 2544: 2529:Pharmacodynamics 2513:Escherichia coli 2207:Roland Griffiths 2161:. In the 1960s, 1899: 1808:Through further 1679:Physical effects 1616:. In studies at 1572:Reported effects 1517:Carlos Castaneda 1395:R. Gordon Wasson 1321:Amanita muscaria 1297:Florentine Codex 1115:. His employer, 1062:, and perceived 1005:4-phosphoryloxy- 1003:, also known as 994: 993: 924: 904: 892: 886: 880: 874: 868: 851: 840: 829: 828: 814: 812: 797: 777: 757: 737: 717: 697: 677: 667: 666: 652: 592: 588: 584: 580: 574: 570: 553: 549: 545: 541: 535: 531: 517: 507: 464: 453: 449: 438: 434: 419: 415: 344: 341: 332: 329: 321: 318: 308: 305: 299: 296: 193: 190: 141: 140: 137: 136: 133: 130: 127: 115: 109: 108: 105: 104: 101: 98: 95: 92: 89: 86: 83: 80: 77: 74: 51: 39: 32: 29: 27: 20: 26116: 26115: 26111: 26110: 26109: 26107: 26106: 26105: 26046: 26045: 26044: 26039: 25857:4-Aza-5-MeO-DPT 25840: 25639: 25586: 25395: 25303:2-Iodomelatonin 25286: 24511: 24506: 24476: 24471: 24385: 24350: 24328:chlorprothixene 24062: 23956: 23943: 23900: 23666: 23536: 23523: 23458: 23406: 23393: 23342: 23228: 23215: 23189: 23157:Volatiles/gases 22969: 22959:trichloroethane 22943:Volatiles/gases 22882:Phenylbiguanide 22844: 22833: 22826: 22809: 22779: 22412: 22282:Phenethylamines 22015: 22002: 21981: 21719: 21547:norfenfluramine 21535:dexfenfluramine 21498: 21485: 21460: 21440:trifluoperazine 21091:Chlorprothixene 20925: 20833:Phenethylamines 20644:Bromo-DragonFLY 20476: 20464: 20447: 20426: 20338: 20325: 20297: 20281: 20227: 20214: 20180: 20084: 19913: 19900: 19871: 19766: 19614: 19601: 19570: 19356: 18940:Antidepressants 18910: 18898: 18889: 18881: 18851: 18842: 18806: 18797:Silene capensis 18778: 18577: 18491: 18483: 18434: 18432: 18423: 18409:methamphetamine 18397:methylphenidate 18386: 18383:Also indirect D 18381: 18298: 18281: 18252:THC-O-phosphate 17917:5F-CUMYL-PINACA 17863: 17532: 17471: 17425: 17175: 17142: 17135: 17120: 17101:Trihexyphenidyl 16996:Diphenhydramine 16911:Brompheniramine 16869: 16863: 16851: 16735: 16697: 16693:Methoxphenidine 16666: 16634: 16608: 16512: 16493:Methoxyketamine 16434: 16420: 16414: 16402: 16376: 16323: 16232: 16190: 16153: 16097: 16093:(The Light) DPT 16060: 16003:5-MeO-α,N,N-TMT 15914: 15877: 15835: 15798: 15748: 15716: 15580: 15549: 15423: 15352: 15323: 15242: 15188: 15140: 15058:N-(2C)-fentanyl 15052: 14970: 14961:NBOMe-mescaline 14814: 14711: 14633: 14560: 14492: 14414: 14336: 14292: 13947: 13940: 13767: 13760: 13741:Bromo-DragonFLY 13703: 13701: 13694: 13686: 13681: 13638: 13633: 13632: 13587: 13580: 13549: 13542: 13511: 13507: 13497: 13495: 13486: 13485: 13481: 13450: 13446: 13401: 13397: 13365: 13361: 13330: 13326: 13281: 13277: 13246: 13239: 13194: 13190: 13159: 13152: 13107: 13090: 13051:Pharmaceuticals 13043: 13039: 13029: 13027: 13016: 13012: 13002: 13000: 12991: 12990: 12986: 12941: 12937: 12892: 12888: 12841: 12837: 12806: 12802: 12767:Economic Botany 12763: 12759: 12749: 12747: 12743: 12737: 12714: 12708: 12704: 12693: 12686: 12676: 12674: 12667: 12653:Bone E (2011). 12651: 12647: 12616: 12612: 12567: 12563: 12524: 12520: 12510: 12508: 12504: 12497: 12493: 12492: 12488: 12478: 12476: 12458: 12454: 12444: 12442: 12440:DoubleBlind Mag 12432: 12428: 12421: 12407: 12403: 12396: 12375: 12368: 12321: 12317: 12309: 12305: 12295: 12293: 12285: 12284: 12280: 12270: 12268: 12260: 12259: 12255: 12245: 12243: 12242:. July 17, 2023 12234: 12233: 12229: 12219: 12217: 12208: 12207: 12203: 12180: 12178: 12167: 12163: 12153: 12151: 12147: 12136: 12130: 12126: 12081: 12077: 12067: 12065: 12050: 12046: 12036: 12034: 12030: 12019: 12013: 12009: 11999: 11997: 11993: 11982: 11978: 11977: 11973: 11965: 11926: 11920: 11916: 11885: 11881: 11871: 11869: 11860: 11859: 11855: 11824: 11820: 11805: 11801: 11770: 11763: 11732: 11728: 11701: 11697: 11687: 11685: 11681: 11666: 11660: 11656: 11646: 11644: 11629:10.2307/3759505 11605: 11601: 11594: 11576: 11572: 11562: 11560: 11545: 11541: 11514: 11507: 11497: 11495: 11491: 11476: 11470: 11463: 11453: 11451: 11419: 11412: 11408: 11369: 11365: 11334: 11330: 11299: 11295: 11264: 11257: 11234: 11230: 11198: 11191: 11159: 11155: 11132: 11128: 11097: 11093: 11062: 11058: 11026: 11019: 10988: 10984: 10974: 10972: 10965: 10949: 10945: 10938: 10918: 10914: 10904: 10902: 10895: 10881:"Hallucinogens" 10877: 10873: 10842: 10838: 10801: 10797: 10790: 10776: 10772: 10733:Front Pharmacol 10725: 10721: 10690: 10686: 10655: 10651: 10620: 10613: 10566: 10562: 10531: 10527: 10517: 10515: 10502: 10501: 10497: 10487: 10485: 10478: 10462: 10458: 10411: 10404: 10359: 10352: 10305: 10298: 10288: 10286: 10279:"PDSP Database" 10277: 10276: 10272: 10262: 10260: 10253:"PDSP Database" 10251: 10250: 10246: 10236: 10234: 10224: 10220: 10210: 10208: 10198: 10194: 10149: 10145: 10100: 10096: 10041: 10037: 10005: 9999: 9995: 9948: 9944: 9907: 9903: 9850: 9846: 9801: 9797: 9787: 9785: 9744: 9740: 9715:10.1002/evl3.42 9695: 9688: 9651: 9647: 9616: 9607: 9568:Pharmaceuticals 9556: 9549: 9518: 9511: 9472:(Pt 1): 36–55. 9458: 9454: 9444: 9442: 9427: 9426: 9419: 9380: 9369: 9359: 9357: 9350: 9332: 9328: 9318: 9316: 9303: 9302: 9298: 9288: 9286: 9271: 9267: 9226:10.2307/1384454 9206: 9202: 9192: 9190: 9181: 9180: 9176: 9168: 9129: 9123: 9119: 9088: 9084: 9066: 9059: 9052: 9032: 9028: 9018: 9016: 9012: 8971: 8965: 8958: 8943: 8939: 8900: 8896: 8886: 8884: 8880: 8857:10.1.1.509.4769 8839: 8833: 8829: 8822: 8806: 8802: 8795: 8781: 8777: 8770: 8748: 8744: 8699: 8692: 8647: 8643: 8632: 8614: 8610: 8600: 8598: 8594: 8579: 8573: 8569: 8538: 8534: 8495: 8488: 8449: 8445: 8406: 8402: 8363: 8359: 8324: 8317: 8304:(10): 639–640. 8294: 8290: 8251: 8247: 8239: 8200: 8194: 8187: 8148: 8144: 8121: 8117: 8101: 8097: 8087: 8085: 8078: 8062: 8058: 8048: 8046: 8042: 8011: 8005: 8001: 7994: 7974: 7967: 7928: 7921: 7911: 7909: 7902: 7886: 7882: 7872: 7870: 7863: 7847: 7843: 7833: 7831: 7826: 7825: 7816: 7771: 7767: 7720: 7716: 7706: 7704: 7689: 7673: 7669: 7659: 7657: 7638: 7627: 7617: 7615: 7606: 7605: 7601: 7556: 7552: 7507: 7503: 7472: 7468: 7431: 7422: 7399: 7392: 7347: 7340: 7297: 7293: 7283: 7281: 7277: 7238: 7232: 7228: 7189: 7185: 7146: 7139: 7132: 7118: 7114: 7099:(1–12): 83–86. 6954: 6950: 6935: 6931: 6921: 6919: 6915: 6892: 6886: 6882: 6872: 6870: 6861: 6860: 6856: 6811: 6807: 6762: 6755: 6745: 6743: 6736: 6714: 6705: 6695: 6693: 6689: 6650: 6644: 6635: 6590: 6586: 6576: 6574: 6565: 6564: 6560: 6552: 6521: 6515: 6486: 6455: 6451: 6441: 6439: 6428: 6424: 6414: 6412: 6395: 6391: 6352: 6345: 6335: 6333: 6329: 6323: 6308: 6302: 6295: 6285: 6283: 6260:10.2307/3757680 6240: 6236: 6229: 6215: 6211: 6204: 6187: 6180: 6170: 6168: 6164: 6133: 6127: 6123: 6113: 6111: 6103: 6102: 6098: 6069: 6062: 6052: 6050: 6046: 6005: 5999: 5995: 5972: 5968: 5929: 5922: 5915: 5898: 5889: 5874: 5870: 5860: 5858: 5835: 5831: 5824: 5810: 5803: 5796: 5782: 5778: 5749: 5745: 5738: 5719: 5708: 5701: 5687: 5676: 5669: 5659:Ten Speed Press 5648: 5631: 5604:Economic Botany 5596: 5592: 5573: 5569: 5553: 5552: 5545: 5543: 5538: 5537: 5533: 5478: 5471: 5461: 5459: 5442: 5441: 5437: 5424: 5417: 5370: 5359: 5320: 5313: 5264: 5260: 5250: 5228: 5224: 5197:Pharm Acta Helv 5192: 5185: 5138: 5125: 5088: 5063: 5053: 5051: 5033: 5029: 4982: 4978: 4931: 4912: 4902: 4900: 4893: 4877: 4870: 4838:10.1.1.690.1283 4821: 4814: 4775: 4768: 4723: 4716: 4673: 4646: 4601: 4594: 4589: 4584: 4579: 4578: 4565: 4561: 4542: 4538: 4532: 4528: 4519: 4515: 4501:Taikasieniforum 4434: 4430: 4417: 4413: 4408: 4380:-Acetylpsilocin 4362: 4357: 4355: 4352: 4339: 4275: 4271: 4267: 4266:(Lexapro) for 6 4255: 4251: 4244: 4236: 4232: 4228: 4224: 4203:in people with 4182:Clinical trials 4179: 4171:psychoplastogen 4115: 4109: 4101:Catholic Church 4037: 4029:ego dissolution 4017: 4012: 4011: 3960: 3956: 3954: 3950: 3948: 3944: 3942: 3938: 3936: 3932: 3930: 3926: 3917: 3909: 3899: 3894: 3823: 3822: 3821: 3820: 3819: 3811: 3802: 3801: 3800: 3791: 3579:P. hoogshagenii 3507:P. semilanceata 3461: 3409:electrochemical 3349:methamphetamine 3321:reagent testing 3313: 3297:biogenic amines 3226:glucuronic acid 3174: 3166:ego dissolution 3135:cerebral cortex 3127: 3112: 3090: 3079: 3070:psychotomimetic 3068:receptors. The 3066: 3059: 3052: 3044: 3037: 3016:in the body to 3007:psychoplastogen 2985: 2943: 2930: 2919: 2909: 2894: 2882: 2872: 2857: 2844: 2841: 2830: 2815: 2801: 2788: 2775: 2762: 2749: 2736: 2723: 2710: 2697: 2684: 2671: 2658: 2645: 2632: 2619: 2606: 2593: 2580: 2567: 2557: 2531: 2526: 2474:phosphorylation 2441:decarboxylation 2418: 2409:chromatographic 2401: 2389:hydrated phases 2358:petroleum ether 2289: 2284: 2267: 2265:Available forms 2216:methylphenidate 2132:Terence McKenna 2093: 2067:medicines, and 2049:drug dependence 2030:phenethylamines 2026:cross-tolerance 2006: 1948: 1916: 1907: 1897: 1887: 1863: 1839:panic reactions 1827: 1825:Adverse effects 1810:anthropological 1806: 1794: 1769:set and setting 1749:passage of time 1733: 1681: 1594:set and setting 1574: 1565:neuropsychology 1392:ethnomycologist 1362: 1327:Carolus Clusius 1220:Villar del Humo 1214:6,000-year-old 1182: 1177: 1144:set and setting 989: 987: 982: 979: 974: 969: 968: 957: 954: 949: 948: 927: 902: 889: 883: 877: 871: 832: 808: 800: 780: 760: 740: 720: 700: 680: 663: 655: 635: 632: 627: 626: 590: 586: 582: 576: 572: 568: 551: 547: 543: 537: 533: 529: 515: 505: 497:Onset of action 490: 488: 486: 480: 458:Glucuronidation 455: 451: 440: 436: 421: 417: 406: 384:Protein binding 367:Bioavailability 359:Pharmacokinetic 353: 278: 245: 226: 214: 202: 124: 120: 113: 71: 67: 54: 42: 24: 23: 17: 12: 11: 5: 26114: 26104: 26103: 26098: 26093: 26088: 26083: 26078: 26073: 26068: 26063: 26058: 26041: 26040: 26038: 26037: 26032: 26027: 26022: 26004: 25999: 25994: 25968: 25963: 25958: 25953: 25948: 25943: 25934: 25929: 25924: 25919: 25914: 25909: 25904: 25899: 25894: 25889: 25884: 25879: 25874: 25869: 25864: 25859: 25854: 25848: 25846: 25842: 25841: 25839: 25838: 25800: 25795: 25790: 25785: 25780: 25775: 25770: 25763:tabernanthalog 25737: 25684: 25679: 25665: 25660: 25655: 25649: 25647: 25641: 25640: 25638: 25637: 25632: 25627: 25622: 25617: 25612: 25607: 25602: 25596: 25594: 25588: 25587: 25585: 25584: 25579: 25570: 25565: 25560: 25555: 25550: 25545: 25540: 25527: 25514: 25501: 25496: 25491: 25486: 25481: 25476: 25471: 25466: 25461: 25456: 25451: 25446: 25441: 25436: 25431: 25426: 25421: 25416: 25411: 25405: 25403: 25397: 25396: 25394: 25393: 25388: 25383: 25375: 25367: 25359: 25353:Normelatonin ( 25350: 25345: 25340: 25335: 25330: 25325: 25320: 25315: 25310: 25305: 25299: 25297: 25288: 25287: 25285: 25284: 25279: 25274: 25269: 25264: 25259: 25254: 25249: 25244: 25239: 25234: 25229: 25220: 25215: 25210: 25205: 25200: 25195: 25190: 25185: 25177: 25172: 25167: 25162: 25157: 25152: 25147: 25142: 25137: 25132: 25127: 25122: 25117: 25112: 25107: 25102: 25097: 25092: 25087: 25082: 25077: 25072: 25067: 25062: 25057: 25052: 25047: 25042: 25037: 25032: 25027: 25022: 25017: 25012: 25007: 24998: 24993: 24988: 24983: 24978: 24973: 24968: 24963: 24958: 24953: 24948: 24943: 24938: 24933: 24928: 24923: 24918: 24913: 24908: 24903: 24898: 24893: 24888: 24883: 24878: 24873: 24868: 24863: 24858: 24853: 24848: 24843: 24838: 24833: 24828: 24823: 24818: 24805: 24800: 24795: 24790: 24785: 24780: 24775: 24770: 24765: 24760: 24755: 24750: 24745: 24740: 24735: 24730: 24725: 24720: 24715: 24710: 24705: 24700: 24695: 24690: 24685: 24680: 24675: 24670: 24665: 24660: 24655: 24650: 24645: 24640: 24635: 24630: 24625: 24620: 24615: 24613:4-HO-5-MeO-DMT 24610: 24605: 24600: 24595: 24590: 24585: 24580: 24575: 24570: 24565: 24560: 24555: 24542: 24537: 24532: 24527: 24521: 24519: 24513: 24512: 24505: 24504: 24497: 24490: 24482: 24473: 24472: 24470: 24469: 24460: 24451: 24438: 24429: 24420: 24411: 24398: 24395: 24394: 24391: 24390: 24387: 24386: 24384: 24383: 24373: 24355: 24352: 24351: 24349: 24348: 24343: 24324:chlorpromazine 24320:acetophenazine 24313: 24295: 24273: 24268: 24263: 24258: 24253: 24248: 24243: 24238: 24233: 24228: 24223: 24218: 24213: 24208: 24203: 24198: 24144: 24139: 24134: 24129: 24067: 24064: 24063: 24061: 24060: 24038: 24028: 24023: 24018: 24013: 24008: 24003: 23998: 23988: 23983: 23978: 23973: 23964: 23958: 23954: 23949: 23948: 23945: 23944: 23942: 23941: 23931: 23905: 23902: 23901: 23899: 23898: 23891:chlorpromazine 23884: 23862: 23848: 23843: 23838: 23833: 23828: 23823: 23818: 23813: 23808: 23803: 23798: 23793: 23788: 23783: 23778: 23773: 23768: 23763: 23758: 23753: 23748: 23743: 23738: 23733: 23728: 23723: 23718: 23680: 23671: 23668: 23667: 23665: 23664: 23659: 23654: 23596: 23591: 23586: 23544: 23538: 23534: 23529: 23528: 23525: 23524: 23522: 23521: 23511: 23493: 23492: 23487: 23482: 23477: 23472: 23463: 23460: 23459: 23457: 23456: 23454:Valerenic acid 23451: 23441: 23436: 23414: 23408: 23404: 23399: 23398: 23395: 23394: 23392: 23391: 23386: 23381: 23376: 23371: 23366: 23361: 23356: 23347: 23344: 23343: 23341: 23340: 23335: 23330: 23325: 23320: 23315: 23310: 23305: 23300: 23295: 23290: 23285: 23280: 23278:Metoclopramide 23275: 23270: 23265: 23260: 23255: 23250: 23245: 23236: 23230: 23226: 23221: 23220: 23217: 23216: 23214: 23213: 23203: 23194: 23191: 23190: 23188: 23187: 23182: 23177: 23172: 23154: 23144: 23139: 23134: 23129: 23111: 23106: 23101: 23096: 23091: 23086: 23081: 23076: 23071: 23066: 23061: 23056: 23051: 23046: 23041: 23036: 23031: 23026: 23021: 23016: 22998: 22993: 22988: 22983: 22974: 22971: 22970: 22968: 22967: 22962: 22940: 22922: 22917: 22912: 22907: 22902: 22884: 22879: 22874: 22852: 22846: 22842: 22834: 22828: 22824: 22819: 22818: 22815: 22814: 22811: 22810: 22808: 22807: 22793: 22784: 22781: 22780: 22778: 22777: 22772: 22753:chlorpromazine 22746: 22732: 22727: 22722: 22717: 22687: 22682: 22677: 22672: 22667: 22662: 22657: 22652: 22647: 22642: 22637: 22632: 22627: 22622: 22617: 22612: 22607: 22602: 22597: 22592: 22587: 22582: 22577: 22572: 22567: 22529: 22524: 22519: 22514: 22509: 22507:Cyproheptadine 22504: 22499: 22494: 22489: 22431: 22426: 22417: 22414: 22413: 22411: 22410: 22405: 22400: 22395: 22390: 22344: 22339: 22334: 22329: 22324: 22319: 22293: 22279: 22274: 22269: 22264: 22259: 22254: 22232: 22227: 22222: 22164: 22142: 22137: 22132: 22127: 22122: 22117: 22083: 22057: 22023: 22017: 22013: 22008: 22007: 22004: 22003: 22001: 22000: 21986: 21983: 21982: 21980: 21979: 21974: 21969: 21966:chlorpromazine 21959: 21954: 21936: 21931: 21926: 21921: 21916: 21911: 21906: 21901: 21896: 21891: 21886: 21881: 21876: 21871: 21866: 21861: 21856: 21851: 21846: 21841: 21836: 21831: 21801: 21796: 21794:Cyproheptadine 21791: 21733: 21724: 21721: 21720: 21718: 21717: 21663: 21658: 21653: 21648: 21638: 21616: 21611: 21577: 21555: 21550: 21520: 21515: 21506: 21500: 21496: 21491: 21490: 21487: 21486: 21484: 21483: 21465: 21462: 21461: 21459: 21458: 21453: 21448: 21443: 21388:chlorpromazine 21381: 21371: 21341: 21336: 21331: 21326: 21321: 21287: 21282: 21277: 21272: 21267: 21262: 21257: 21252: 21247: 21242: 21237: 21232: 21227: 21222: 21217: 21212: 21207: 21202: 21197: 21192: 21187: 21182: 21177: 21172: 21167: 21162: 21157: 21152: 21118: 21113: 21108: 21103: 21098: 21093: 21088: 20986: 20981: 20966:cyproheptadine 20962:Antihistamines 20959: 20954: 20949: 20944: 20939: 20930: 20927: 20926: 20924: 20923: 20877: 20872: 20867: 20862: 20844: 20830: 20828:SCHEMBL5334361 20825: 20820: 20815: 20810: 20805: 20800: 20795: 20773: 20768: 20763: 20758: 20753: 20683: 20678: 20656: 20651: 20646: 20641: 20636: 20631: 20597: 20571: 20566: 20561: 20531: 20484: 20478: 20474: 20466: 20462: 20457: 20456: 20453: 20452: 20449: 20448: 20446: 20445: 20440: 20431: 20428: 20427: 20425: 20424: 20414: 20396: 20391: 20386: 20381: 20360: 20355: 20346: 20340: 20336: 20331: 20330: 20327: 20326: 20324: 20323: 20302: 20299: 20298: 20296: 20295: 20286: 20283: 20282: 20280: 20279: 20269: 20259: 20254: 20244: 20235: 20229: 20225: 20220: 20219: 20216: 20215: 20213: 20212: 20194: 20185: 20182: 20181: 20179: 20178: 20173: 20168: 20163: 20158: 20153: 20148: 20143: 20138: 20133: 20128: 20123: 20118: 20108: 20103: 20098: 20089: 20086: 20085: 20083: 20082: 20052: 20010: 20005: 20000: 19995: 19990: 19985: 19980: 19975: 19970: 19940: 19935: 19930: 19921: 19915: 19911: 19906: 19905: 19902: 19901: 19899: 19898: 19876: 19873: 19872: 19870: 19869: 19864: 19859: 19854: 19849: 19844: 19839: 19834: 19829: 19819: 19814: 19780: 19771: 19768: 19767: 19765: 19764: 19759: 19737: 19732: 19706: 19701: 19696: 19691: 19661: 19656: 19651: 19646: 19641: 19636: 19631: 19622: 19616: 19612: 19607: 19606: 19603: 19602: 19600: 19599: 19589: 19584: 19575: 19572: 19571: 19569: 19568: 19563: 19558: 19553: 19548: 19543: 19538: 19533: 19528: 19523: 19518: 19513: 19508: 19503: 19498: 19493: 19488: 19483: 19478: 19473: 19468: 19463: 19453: 19448: 19443: 19438: 19388: 19383: 19361: 19358: 19357: 19355: 19354: 19349: 19344: 19339: 19334: 19329: 19324: 19282: 19277: 19272: 19267: 19262: 19257: 19252: 19247: 19242: 19237: 19232: 19227: 19222: 19217: 19212: 19207: 19202: 19197: 19192: 19187: 19182: 19177: 19172: 19167: 19162: 19157: 19152: 19147: 19142: 19137: 19132: 19127: 19122: 19080: 19075: 19070: 19065: 19060: 19055: 19050: 19045: 19040: 19035: 19009: 18971: 18937: 18932: 18927: 18918: 18912: 18908: 18900: 18896: 18891: 18890: 18880: 18879: 18872: 18865: 18857: 18848: 18847: 18844: 18843: 18841: 18840: 18835: 18830: 18825: 18820: 18814: 18812: 18808: 18807: 18805: 18804: 18799: 18794: 18788: 18786: 18780: 18779: 18777: 18776: 18771: 18766: 18761: 18756: 18751: 18746: 18741: 18739:Racemethorphan 18736: 18731: 18726: 18721: 18716: 18711: 18706: 18701: 18696: 18691: 18686: 18681: 18676: 18674:Levomethorphan 18671: 18666: 18661: 18656: 18651: 18646: 18641: 18636: 18631: 18626: 18621: 18616: 18611: 18606: 18601: 18596: 18590: 18588: 18579: 18578: 18576: 18575: 18574: 18573: 18568: 18558: 18557: 18556: 18551: 18541: 18540: 18539: 18529: 18528: 18527: 18522: 18517: 18512: 18501: 18499: 18485: 18484: 18482: 18481: 18476: 18471: 18466: 18454: 18449: 18444: 18438: 18436: 18430: 18425: 18424: 18422: 18421: 18384: 18376: 18371: 18366: 18361: 18356: 18354:Phenethylamine 18351: 18346: 18341: 18336: 18331: 18326: 18321: 18316: 18311: 18305: 18303: 18296: 18291: 18290: 18287: 18286: 18283: 18282: 18280: 18279: 18274: 18269: 18264: 18259: 18254: 18249: 18244: 18239: 18234: 18229: 18224: 18219: 18214: 18209: 18204: 18199: 18194: 18189: 18184: 18179: 18174: 18169: 18164: 18159: 18154: 18149: 18144: 18139: 18134: 18129: 18124: 18119: 18114: 18109: 18104: 18099: 18094: 18089: 18084: 18079: 18074: 18069: 18064: 18059: 18054: 18049: 18044: 18042:CUMYL-THPINACA 18039: 18034: 18029: 18024: 18019: 18014: 18009: 18004: 17999: 17994: 17989: 17984: 17979: 17974: 17969: 17964: 17959: 17954: 17949: 17944: 17939: 17934: 17929: 17924: 17919: 17914: 17909: 17904: 17899: 17894: 17889: 17884: 17879: 17873: 17871: 17865: 17864: 17862: 17861: 17856: 17851: 17846: 17841: 17836: 17831: 17826: 17821: 17816: 17811: 17806: 17801: 17796: 17791: 17786: 17781: 17776: 17771: 17766: 17761: 17756: 17751: 17746: 17741: 17736: 17731: 17726: 17721: 17716: 17711: 17706: 17701: 17696: 17691: 17686: 17681: 17676: 17671: 17666: 17661: 17656: 17651: 17646: 17641: 17636: 17631: 17626: 17621: 17616: 17611: 17606: 17601: 17596: 17591: 17586: 17581: 17576: 17571: 17566: 17561: 17556: 17551: 17545: 17543: 17534: 17533: 17531: 17530: 17525: 17520: 17515: 17510: 17505: 17500: 17495: 17490: 17484: 17482: 17473: 17472: 17470: 17469: 17464: 17459: 17454: 17449: 17444: 17438: 17436: 17427: 17426: 17424: 17423: 17418: 17413: 17408: 17403: 17398: 17393: 17388: 17383: 17378: 17373: 17368: 17363: 17358: 17353: 17348: 17343: 17338: 17333: 17328: 17323: 17318: 17313: 17308: 17303: 17298: 17293: 17288: 17283: 17278: 17273: 17268: 17263: 17258: 17253: 17248: 17243: 17238: 17233: 17228: 17223: 17218: 17213: 17208: 17203: 17197: 17195: 17183: 17177: 17176: 17174: 17173: 17168: 17163: 17157: 17155: 17146: 17140: 17126: 17122: 17121: 17119: 17118: 17113: 17108: 17106:Tripelennamine 17103: 17098: 17093: 17088: 17083: 17078: 17073: 17068: 17063: 17058: 17053: 17048: 17043: 17038: 17033: 17028: 17023: 17018: 17013: 17008: 17003: 16998: 16993: 16991:Dimenhydrinate 16988: 16983: 16981:Cyproheptadine 16978: 16973: 16968: 16963: 16961:Chlorphenamine 16958: 16956:Chloropyramine 16953: 16948: 16943: 16938: 16933: 16928: 16923: 16918: 16913: 16908: 16903: 16898: 16893: 16888: 16883: 16877: 16875: 16857: 16856: 16853: 16852: 16850: 16849: 16844: 16839: 16834: 16829: 16824: 16819: 16814: 16809: 16804: 16799: 16794: 16789: 16784: 16779: 16774: 16769: 16764: 16759: 16754: 16749: 16743: 16741: 16737: 16736: 16734: 16733: 16728: 16726:Racemethorphan 16723: 16718: 16713: 16711:Dextrallorphan 16707: 16705: 16699: 16698: 16696: 16695: 16690: 16685: 16680: 16674: 16672: 16668: 16667: 16665: 16664: 16659: 16654: 16648: 16646: 16640: 16639: 16636: 16635: 16633: 16632: 16627: 16622: 16616: 16614: 16610: 16609: 16607: 16606: 16600: 16594: 16588: 16583: 16577: 16574:Dieticyclidine 16571: 16566: 16561: 16556: 16551: 16546: 16541: 16536: 16531: 16526: 16520: 16518: 16514: 16513: 16511: 16510: 16505: 16500: 16495: 16490: 16488:Methoxmetamine 16485: 16480: 16475: 16474:((S)-ketamine) 16469: 16463: 16458: 16457:((R)-ketamine) 16452: 16446: 16444: 16437: 16426: 16408: 16407: 16404: 16403: 16401: 16400: 16371: 16366: 16361: 16356: 16351: 16346: 16341: 16335: 16333: 16329: 16328: 16325: 16324: 16322: 16321: 16316: 16311: 16306: 16301: 16296: 16291: 16286: 16281: 16276: 16271: 16266: 16261: 16256: 16251: 16246: 16240: 16238: 16234: 16233: 16231: 16230: 16225: 16220: 16215: 16210: 16204: 16202: 16192: 16191: 16189: 16188: 16183: 16178: 16173: 16167: 16165: 16155: 16154: 16152: 16151: 16146: 16141: 16136: 16131: 16126: 16121: 16116: 16111: 16105: 16103: 16099: 16098: 16096: 16095: 16090: 16085: 16080: 16074: 16072: 16062: 16061: 16059: 16058: 16053: 16048: 16043: 16038: 16033: 16028: 16023: 16010: 16005: 16000: 15987: 15974: 15969: 15964: 15959: 15954: 15949: 15947:4-HO-5-MeO-DMT 15944: 15939: 15934: 15928: 15926: 15916: 15915: 15913: 15912: 15907: 15902: 15897: 15891: 15889: 15879: 15878: 15876: 15875: 15870: 15865: 15860: 15855: 15849: 15847: 15837: 15836: 15834: 15833: 15828: 15823: 15818: 15812: 15810: 15800: 15799: 15797: 15796: 15791: 15786: 15781: 15776: 15770: 15768: 15756: 15750: 15749: 15747: 15746: 15741: 15736: 15730: 15728: 15722: 15721: 15718: 15717: 15715: 15714: 15709: 15704: 15699: 15694: 15689: 15684: 15679: 15674: 15669: 15664: 15659: 15654: 15649: 15644: 15639: 15634: 15629: 15624: 15619: 15614: 15609: 15604: 15599: 15597:2C-B-DragonFLY 15594: 15592:2C-B-BUTTERFLY 15588: 15586: 15582: 15581: 15579: 15578: 15575: 15572: 15569: 15566: 15563: 15559: 15557: 15551: 15550: 15548: 15547: 15542: 15537: 15535:Thioproscaline 15532: 15527: 15522: 15517: 15512: 15507: 15502: 15497: 15492: 15487: 15482: 15477: 15472: 15467: 15462: 15457: 15452: 15447: 15442: 15437: 15431: 15429: 15425: 15424: 15422: 15421: 15416: 15411: 15406: 15401: 15396: 15391: 15386: 15381: 15376: 15371: 15365: 15363: 15361: 15354: 15353: 15351: 15350: 15345: 15340: 15334: 15332: 15325: 15324: 15322: 15321: 15316: 15311: 15306: 15301: 15296: 15291: 15286: 15281: 15276: 15271: 15266: 15261: 15255: 15253: 15244: 15243: 15241: 15240: 15235: 15230: 15225: 15220: 15215: 15210: 15205: 15199: 15197: 15190: 15189: 15187: 15186: 15181: 15176: 15171: 15166: 15161: 15155: 15153: 15146: 15145: 15142: 15141: 15139: 15138: 15133: 15128: 15123: 15118: 15113: 15108: 15103: 15098: 15093: 15088: 15083: 15078: 15073: 15068: 15062: 15060: 15054: 15053: 15051: 15050: 15045: 15040: 15035: 15030: 15025: 15020: 15015: 15010: 15005: 15000: 14995: 14989: 14987: 14976: 14975: 14972: 14971: 14969: 14968: 14963: 14958: 14956:NBOMe-escaline 14953: 14948: 14943: 14938: 14933: 14928: 14923: 14918: 14913: 14908: 14903: 14898: 14893: 14888: 14883: 14878: 14873: 14868: 14863: 14858: 14853: 14848: 14843: 14838: 14833: 14828: 14822: 14820: 14816: 14815: 14813: 14812: 14807: 14802: 14797: 14792: 14787: 14782: 14777: 14772: 14767: 14762: 14757: 14752: 14747: 14742: 14737: 14732: 14726: 14724: 14713: 14712: 14710: 14709: 14704: 14699: 14694: 14689: 14684: 14679: 14674: 14669: 14664: 14659: 14654: 14648: 14646: 14635: 14634: 14632: 14631: 14626: 14621: 14616: 14611: 14606: 14601: 14596: 14591: 14586: 14581: 14575: 14573: 14562: 14561: 14559: 14558: 14553: 14548: 14543: 14538: 14533: 14528: 14523: 14518: 14513: 14507: 14505: 14494: 14493: 14491: 14490: 14485: 14480: 14475: 14470: 14465: 14460: 14455: 14450: 14445: 14440: 14435: 14429: 14427: 14416: 14415: 14413: 14412: 14407: 14402: 14397: 14392: 14387: 14382: 14377: 14372: 14367: 14362: 14357: 14351: 14349: 14338: 14337: 14335: 14334: 14329: 14323: 14321: 14307: 14291: 14290: 14285: 14280: 14275: 14270: 14265: 14260: 14255: 14250: 14245: 14240: 14235: 14230: 14225: 14220: 14215: 14210: 14205: 14200: 14195: 14190: 14185: 14180: 14175: 14170: 14165: 14160: 14155: 14150: 14145: 14140: 14135: 14130: 14125: 14120: 14115: 14110: 14105: 14100: 14095: 14090: 14085: 14080: 14075: 14070: 14065: 14060: 14055: 14050: 14045: 14040: 14035: 14030: 14025: 14020: 14015: 14010: 14005: 14000: 13995: 13990: 13985: 13980: 13975: 13970: 13964: 13962: 13950: 13942: 13941: 13939: 13938: 13933: 13928: 13923: 13918: 13913: 13908: 13903: 13898: 13893: 13888: 13883: 13878: 13873: 13868: 13863: 13858: 13853: 13848: 13843: 13838: 13833: 13828: 13823: 13818: 13813: 13808: 13803: 13798: 13793: 13788: 13783: 13778: 13772: 13770: 13762: 13761: 13759: 13758: 13753: 13748: 13743: 13738: 13733: 13728: 13723: 13717: 13715: 13706: 13699: 13688: 13687: 13680: 13679: 13672: 13665: 13657: 13651: 13650: 13645: 13637: 13636:External links 13634: 13631: 13630: 13601:(3): 217–224. 13578: 13559:(9): 876–890. 13540: 13515:Psychiatry Res 13505: 13494:. May 15, 2024 13479: 13460:(5): 512–521. 13444: 13415:(7): 649–659. 13395: 13376:(6): 581–588. 13359: 13324: 13275: 13237: 13208:(9): 843–853. 13188: 13150: 13121:(2): 222–231. 13088: 13037: 13010: 12984: 12935: 12906:(3): 193–213. 12886: 12855:(10): e30214. 12835: 12816:(3): 234–239. 12800: 12773:(3): 404–412. 12757: 12735: 12702: 12684: 12665: 12645: 12610: 12561: 12534:(3): 270–279. 12518: 12486: 12452: 12426: 12419: 12401: 12394: 12366: 12315: 12303: 12278: 12253: 12227: 12201: 12188:Consequently, 12173:. Erowid.org. 12161: 12124: 12095:(4): 649–665. 12075: 12044: 12007: 11971: 11937:(3): 527–537. 11914: 11895:(4): 741–744. 11879: 11853: 11818: 11799: 11780:(3): 287–291. 11761: 11742:(2): 434–437. 11726: 11695: 11654: 11623:(4): 871–874. 11599: 11592: 11570: 11539: 11505: 11461: 11417: 11406: 11379:(6): 326–331. 11363: 11344:(2): 421–427. 11328: 11293: 11255: 11228: 11209:(2): 255–263. 11189: 11170:(2): 149–156. 11153: 11126: 11107:(3): 931–941. 11091: 11072:(2): 375–381. 11056: 11017: 10982: 10963: 10943: 10936: 10912: 10893: 10871: 10836: 10795: 10788: 10770: 10719: 10700:(2): 215–233. 10684: 10665:(2): 331–339. 10649: 10630:(3): 627–630. 10611: 10560: 10525: 10495: 10476: 10456: 10402: 10350: 10296: 10270: 10244: 10218: 10192: 10143: 10114:(1): 251–262. 10094: 10035: 9993: 9942: 9921:(5): 472–489. 9901: 9844: 9795: 9738: 9686: 9645: 9605: 9547: 9509: 9452: 9417: 9367: 9348: 9326: 9296: 9265: 9220:(1): 1384454. 9200: 9174: 9140:(3): 268–283. 9117: 9098:(1): 189–199. 9082: 9057: 9050: 9026: 8982:(6): 621–632. 8956: 8937: 8910:(3): 175–208. 8894: 8850:(4): 333–341. 8827: 8820: 8800: 8793: 8775: 8768: 8742: 8713:(3): 364–381. 8690: 8661:(4): 295–314. 8641: 8630: 8608: 8567: 8548:(9): 445–453. 8532: 8505:(5): 495–507. 8486: 8443: 8400: 8373:(6): 343–354. 8357: 8338:(4): 283–300. 8315: 8288: 8261:(6): 602–604. 8245: 8185: 8158:(4): 417–424. 8142: 8115: 8095: 8076: 8056: 8022:(6): 686–696. 7999: 7992: 7965: 7938:(8): 847–856. 7919: 7900: 7880: 7861: 7841: 7814: 7765: 7714: 7687: 7667: 7625: 7599: 7570:(3): 155–188. 7550: 7521:(1): nsad032. 7501: 7466: 7420: 7390: 7338: 7291: 7226: 7183: 7137: 7130: 7112: 7110: 7109: 7088: 7070:(6): 295–297. 7059: 7030: 7004:(5): 428–434. 6993: 6948: 6929: 6903:(4): 189–200. 6880: 6854: 6805: 6753: 6734: 6703: 6661:(2): 145–156. 6633: 6604:(4): 649–665. 6584: 6558: 6532:(3): 423–429. 6484: 6465:(4): 257–276. 6449: 6422: 6389: 6343: 6321: 6293: 6234: 6227: 6209: 6202: 6178: 6121: 6096: 6060: 6016:(6): 603–620. 5993: 5966: 5939:(6): 561–573. 5920: 5913: 5887: 5868: 5829: 5822: 5801: 5794: 5776: 5743: 5737:978-0979862229 5736: 5706: 5700:978-1603582148 5699: 5674: 5667: 5629: 5610:(2): 121–128. 5590: 5567: 5531: 5469: 5435: 5415: 5357: 5330:(3): 342–356. 5311: 5278:(4): e245960. 5258: 5248: 5222: 5203:(3): 175–184. 5183: 5123: 5102:(4): 416–426. 5061: 5027: 4976: 4910: 4891: 4868: 4812: 4785:(4): 202–207. 4766: 4737:(3): 319–322. 4714: 4683:(4): 357–364. 4644: 4591: 4590: 4588: 4585: 4583: 4580: 4577: 4576: 4572:questionnaires 4559: 4536: 4526: 4513: 4499:(Sweden), and 4428: 4410: 4409: 4407: 4404: 4403: 4402: 4397: 4392: 4387: 4382: 4374: 4368: 4367: 4351: 4348: 4337: 4306:placebo effect 4221:dose-dependent 4197:antidepressant 4178: 4175: 4161:(FDA) granted 4155:mood disorders 4153:, and certain 4121:evaluated the 4108: 4105: 4036: 4033: 4016: 4013: 3972:are listed as 3955: 3949: 3943: 3937: 3931: 3925: 3918: 3910: 3898: 3895: 3893: 3890: 3812: 3805: 3804: 3803: 3792: 3785: 3784: 3783: 3782: 3781: 3759:marker at the 3622: 3621: 3618: 3615:P. liniformans 3610: 3609: 3606: 3598: 3597: 3594: 3586: 3585: 3582: 3574: 3573: 3570: 3562: 3561: 3558: 3550: 3549: 3546: 3543:P. tampanensis 3538: 3537: 3534: 3526: 3525: 3522: 3514: 3513: 3510: 3502: 3501: 3498: 3490: 3489: 3486: 3478: 3477: 3474: 3460: 3457: 3444:derivatization 3442:, followed by 3424:drug screening 3317:chemical tests 3312: 3309: 3230:glucuronidated 3199:mostly in the 3195:Psilocybin is 3182:glucuronidated 3173: 3170: 3125: 3110: 3088: 3077: 3074:dose-dependent 3064: 3057: 3050: 3042: 3035: 3020:, which is an 3001: 3000: 2989: 2988: 2983: 2978: 2971: 2970: 2967: 2960: 2959: 2956: 2949: 2948: 2945: 2941: 2936: 2935: 2932: 2928: 2923: 2922: 2917: 2912: 2901: 2900: 2897: 2886: 2885: 2880: 2875: 2864: 2863: 2860: 2849: 2848: 2839: 2833: 2822: 2821: 2818: 2807: 2806: 2803: 2799: 2794: 2793: 2790: 2786: 2781: 2780: 2777: 2773: 2768: 2767: 2764: 2760: 2755: 2754: 2751: 2747: 2742: 2741: 2740:20–>14,000 2738: 2734: 2729: 2728: 2725: 2721: 2716: 2715: 2712: 2708: 2703: 2702: 2699: 2695: 2690: 2689: 2686: 2682: 2677: 2676: 2673: 2669: 2664: 2663: 2660: 2656: 2651: 2650: 2647: 2643: 2638: 2637: 2634: 2630: 2625: 2624: 2621: 2617: 2612: 2611: 2608: 2604: 2599: 2598: 2595: 2591: 2586: 2585: 2582: 2578: 2573: 2572: 2569: 2565: 2560: 2559: 2555: 2552: 2530: 2527: 2525: 2522: 2478: 2477: 2467: 2457: 2451: 2417: 2414: 2404:Albert Hofmann 2400: 2397: 2377:hydroxy groups 2288: 2285: 2283: 2280: 2266: 2263: 2248:Paul R. McHugh 2140:self-awareness 2128:group cohesion 2092: 2089: 2005: 2002: 1947: 1944: 1923:effective dose 1914: 1905: 1896:in mice is 285 1885: 1875:phenethylamine 1862: 1859: 1835:adverse effect 1826: 1823: 1805: 1802: 1793: 1790: 1785:Peter Stafford 1732: 1729: 1705:stretch reflex 1693:blood pressure 1685:pupil dilation 1680: 1677: 1638:hallucinations 1582:counterculture 1573: 1570: 1436:Albert Hofmann 1397:and his wife, 1361: 1358: 1339:John Parkinson 1181: 1178: 1176: 1173: 1107:Albert Hofmann 1085:of modern-day 1079:cave paintings 1058:, a distorted 1052:hallucinations 996: 995: 984: 983: 981: 980: 977: 975: 972: 964: 963: 962: 959: 958: 956: 955: 952: 944: 943: 942: 939: 938: 935: 929: 928: 926: 925: 917: 915: 907: 906: 900: 894: 893: 887: 881: 875: 869: 864: 858: 857: 853: 852: 842: 834: 833: 831: 830: 817: 815: 802: 801: 799: 798: 790: 788: 782: 781: 779: 778: 770: 768: 762: 761: 759: 758: 750: 748: 742: 741: 739: 738: 730: 728: 722: 721: 719: 718: 710: 708: 702: 701: 699: 698: 690: 688: 682: 681: 679: 678: 670: 668: 657: 656: 654: 653: 645: 643: 637: 636: 634: 633: 630: 622: 621: 620: 617: 616: 612: 611: 601: 595: 594: 562: 556: 555: 519: 510: 509: 499: 493: 492: 474: 468: 467: 396: 390: 389: 386: 380: 379: 369: 363: 362: 355: 354: 352: 351: 339: 327: 316: 303: 293: 291: 285: 284: 280: 279: 277: 276: 272: 270: 264: 263: 253: 247: 246: 244: 243: 238: 231: 229: 227:administration 221: 220: 217: 209: 208: 205: 197: 196: 148: 144: 143: 65: 61: 60: 56: 55: 52: 44: 43: 40: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 26113: 26102: 26099: 26097: 26094: 26092: 26089: 26087: 26084: 26082: 26079: 26077: 26076:Phenol esters 26074: 26072: 26069: 26067: 26064: 26062: 26059: 26057: 26054: 26053: 26051: 26036: 26033: 26031: 26028: 26026: 26023: 26020: 26016: 26012: 26008: 26005: 26003: 26000: 25998: 25995: 25992: 25988: 25984: 25980: 25976: 25972: 25969: 25967: 25964: 25962: 25959: 25957: 25954: 25952: 25949: 25947: 25944: 25942: 25940: 25935: 25933: 25930: 25928: 25925: 25923: 25920: 25918: 25915: 25913: 25910: 25908: 25905: 25903: 25900: 25898: 25895: 25893: 25890: 25888: 25885: 25883: 25880: 25878: 25875: 25873: 25870: 25868: 25865: 25863: 25860: 25858: 25855: 25853: 25852:2-Azapsilocin 25850: 25849: 25847: 25843: 25836: 25832: 25828: 25824: 25820: 25816: 25812: 25808: 25804: 25801: 25799: 25796: 25794: 25791: 25789: 25786: 25784: 25781: 25779: 25776: 25774: 25771: 25768: 25767:tabernanthine 25764: 25760: 25756: 25752: 25748: 25744: 25742: 25738: 25735: 25731: 25727: 25723: 25719: 25715: 25711: 25707: 25703: 25699: 25695: 25691: 25689: 25685: 25683: 25680: 25677: 25673: 25669: 25666: 25664: 25661: 25659: 25656: 25654: 25651: 25650: 25648: 25646: 25642: 25636: 25633: 25631: 25628: 25626: 25623: 25621: 25618: 25616: 25613: 25611: 25608: 25606: 25603: 25601: 25598: 25597: 25595: 25593: 25589: 25583: 25580: 25578: 25576: 25571: 25569: 25566: 25564: 25561: 25559: 25556: 25554: 25551: 25549: 25546: 25544: 25541: 25539: 25537: 25533: 25528: 25526: 25524: 25520: 25515: 25513: 25511: 25507: 25502: 25500: 25497: 25495: 25492: 25490: 25487: 25485: 25482: 25480: 25477: 25475: 25472: 25470: 25467: 25465: 25462: 25460: 25457: 25455: 25452: 25450: 25447: 25445: 25442: 25440: 25437: 25435: 25432: 25430: 25427: 25425: 25422: 25420: 25417: 25415: 25412: 25410: 25407: 25406: 25404: 25402: 25398: 25392: 25389: 25387: 25384: 25382: 25380: 25376: 25374: 25372: 25368: 25366: 25364: 25360: 25358: 25356: 25351: 25349: 25346: 25344: 25341: 25339: 25336: 25334: 25331: 25329: 25326: 25324: 25321: 25319: 25316: 25314: 25311: 25309: 25306: 25304: 25301: 25300: 25298: 25296: 25294: 25289: 25283: 25280: 25278: 25275: 25273: 25270: 25268: 25265: 25263: 25260: 25258: 25255: 25253: 25250: 25248: 25245: 25243: 25240: 25238: 25235: 25233: 25230: 25228: 25226: 25221: 25219: 25216: 25214: 25211: 25209: 25206: 25204: 25201: 25199: 25196: 25194: 25191: 25189: 25186: 25184: 25182: 25178: 25176: 25173: 25171: 25168: 25166: 25163: 25161: 25158: 25156: 25153: 25151: 25148: 25146: 25143: 25141: 25138: 25136: 25133: 25131: 25128: 25126: 25123: 25121: 25118: 25116: 25113: 25111: 25108: 25106: 25103: 25101: 25098: 25096: 25093: 25091: 25088: 25086: 25083: 25081: 25078: 25076: 25073: 25071: 25068: 25066: 25063: 25061: 25058: 25056: 25053: 25051: 25048: 25046: 25043: 25041: 25038: 25036: 25033: 25031: 25028: 25026: 25023: 25021: 25018: 25016: 25013: 25011: 25008: 25006: 24999: 24997: 24994: 24992: 24989: 24987: 24984: 24982: 24979: 24977: 24974: 24972: 24969: 24967: 24964: 24962: 24959: 24957: 24954: 24952: 24949: 24947: 24944: 24942: 24939: 24937: 24934: 24932: 24929: 24927: 24924: 24922: 24919: 24917: 24914: 24912: 24909: 24907: 24904: 24902: 24899: 24897: 24894: 24892: 24891:5-MeO-T-NBOMe 24889: 24887: 24884: 24882: 24879: 24877: 24874: 24872: 24869: 24867: 24864: 24862: 24859: 24857: 24854: 24852: 24849: 24847: 24844: 24842: 24839: 24837: 24834: 24832: 24829: 24827: 24824: 24822: 24819: 24817: 24815: 24811: 24806: 24804: 24803:5-MeO-34MPEMT 24801: 24799: 24796: 24794: 24791: 24789: 24786: 24784: 24781: 24779: 24776: 24774: 24771: 24769: 24766: 24764: 24761: 24759: 24756: 24754: 24751: 24749: 24746: 24744: 24741: 24739: 24736: 24734: 24731: 24729: 24726: 24724: 24721: 24719: 24716: 24714: 24711: 24709: 24706: 24704: 24701: 24699: 24696: 24694: 24691: 24689: 24686: 24684: 24681: 24679: 24676: 24674: 24671: 24669: 24666: 24664: 24661: 24659: 24656: 24654: 24651: 24649: 24646: 24644: 24641: 24639: 24636: 24634: 24631: 24629: 24626: 24624: 24621: 24619: 24616: 24614: 24611: 24609: 24608:4-F-5-MeO-DMT 24606: 24604: 24601: 24599: 24596: 24594: 24591: 24589: 24586: 24584: 24581: 24579: 24576: 24574: 24571: 24569: 24566: 24564: 24561: 24559: 24556: 24554: 24552: 24548: 24543: 24541: 24540:2-Methyl-5-HT 24538: 24536: 24533: 24531: 24528: 24526: 24523: 24522: 24520: 24518: 24514: 24510: 24503: 24498: 24496: 24491: 24489: 24484: 24483: 24480: 24467: 24466: 24461: 24458: 24457: 24452: 24449: 24448: 24444: 24439: 24436: 24435: 24434:Melatonergics 24430: 24427: 24426: 24425:Dopaminergics 24421: 24418: 24417: 24412: 24409: 24408: 24405: 24400: 24399: 24396: 24381: 24377: 24374: 24371: 24367: 24363: 24360: 24357: 24356: 24353: 24347: 24344: 24341: 24337: 24333: 24329: 24325: 24321: 24317: 24314: 24311: 24307: 24303: 24302:amitriptyline 24299: 24296: 24293: 24289: 24285: 24281: 24277: 24274: 24272: 24269: 24267: 24264: 24262: 24259: 24257: 24254: 24252: 24249: 24247: 24244: 24242: 24239: 24237: 24234: 24232: 24229: 24227: 24224: 24222: 24219: 24217: 24214: 24212: 24209: 24207: 24204: 24202: 24199: 24196: 24192: 24188: 24184: 24180: 24176: 24172: 24168: 24164: 24160: 24159:bromocriptine 24156: 24152: 24148: 24145: 24143: 24140: 24138: 24135: 24133: 24130: 24127: 24123: 24119: 24115: 24111: 24107: 24103: 24099: 24095: 24091: 24090:brexpiprazole 24087: 24083: 24079: 24075: 24072: 24069: 24068: 24065: 24058: 24054: 24050: 24046: 24042: 24039: 24036: 24032: 24029: 24027: 24024: 24022: 24019: 24017: 24014: 24012: 24009: 24007: 24004: 24002: 23999: 23996: 23992: 23989: 23987: 23984: 23982: 23979: 23977: 23974: 23972: 23969: 23966: 23965: 23962: 23959: 23957: 23950: 23939: 23935: 23932: 23929: 23925: 23921: 23920:bromocriptine 23917: 23913: 23910: 23907: 23906: 23903: 23896: 23892: 23888: 23885: 23882: 23881:nortriptyline 23878: 23874: 23870: 23869:amitriptyline 23866: 23863: 23860: 23856: 23852: 23849: 23847: 23844: 23842: 23839: 23837: 23834: 23832: 23829: 23827: 23824: 23822: 23819: 23817: 23814: 23812: 23809: 23807: 23804: 23802: 23799: 23797: 23794: 23792: 23789: 23787: 23784: 23782: 23779: 23777: 23774: 23772: 23769: 23767: 23764: 23762: 23759: 23757: 23754: 23752: 23749: 23747: 23744: 23742: 23739: 23737: 23734: 23732: 23729: 23727: 23724: 23722: 23719: 23716: 23712: 23708: 23704: 23700: 23696: 23692: 23688: 23684: 23681: 23679: 23676: 23673: 23672: 23669: 23663: 23660: 23658: 23655: 23652: 23648: 23644: 23640: 23636: 23632: 23628: 23624: 23620: 23616: 23612: 23608: 23604: 23600: 23597: 23595: 23592: 23590: 23587: 23584: 23580: 23576: 23572: 23568: 23564: 23560: 23556: 23552: 23549: 23546: 23545: 23542: 23539: 23537: 23530: 23519: 23515: 23512: 23509: 23505: 23501: 23498: 23495: 23494: 23491: 23488: 23486: 23483: 23481: 23478: 23476: 23473: 23471: 23468: 23465: 23464: 23461: 23455: 23452: 23449: 23445: 23442: 23440: 23437: 23434: 23430: 23426: 23422: 23419: 23416: 23415: 23412: 23409: 23407: 23400: 23390: 23387: 23385: 23382: 23380: 23377: 23375: 23372: 23370: 23367: 23365: 23362: 23360: 23357: 23355: 23352: 23349: 23348: 23345: 23339: 23336: 23334: 23331: 23329: 23326: 23324: 23321: 23319: 23316: 23314: 23311: 23309: 23306: 23304: 23301: 23299: 23296: 23294: 23291: 23289: 23286: 23284: 23281: 23279: 23276: 23274: 23271: 23269: 23266: 23264: 23261: 23259: 23256: 23254: 23251: 23249: 23246: 23244: 23241: 23238: 23237: 23234: 23231: 23229: 23222: 23211: 23207: 23204: 23202: 23199: 23196: 23195: 23192: 23186: 23183: 23181: 23178: 23176: 23173: 23170: 23166: 23162: 23161:nitrous oxide 23158: 23155: 23152: 23148: 23145: 23143: 23140: 23138: 23135: 23133: 23130: 23127: 23123: 23119: 23115: 23112: 23110: 23109:Tedatioxetine 23107: 23105: 23102: 23100: 23097: 23095: 23092: 23090: 23087: 23085: 23082: 23080: 23077: 23075: 23072: 23070: 23067: 23065: 23062: 23060: 23059:Galanolactone 23057: 23055: 23052: 23050: 23047: 23045: 23042: 23040: 23037: 23035: 23032: 23030: 23027: 23025: 23022: 23020: 23017: 23014: 23010: 23006: 23002: 22999: 22997: 22994: 22992: 22989: 22987: 22984: 22982: 22979: 22976: 22975: 22972: 22966: 22963: 22960: 22956: 22952: 22948: 22944: 22941: 22938: 22934: 22930: 22926: 22923: 22921: 22918: 22916: 22913: 22911: 22908: 22906: 22903: 22900: 22896: 22892: 22888: 22885: 22883: 22880: 22878: 22875: 22872: 22868: 22864: 22860: 22857: 22854: 22853: 22850: 22847: 22845: 22838: 22835: 22832: 22827: 22820: 22805: 22801: 22797: 22794: 22792: 22789: 22786: 22785: 22782: 22776: 22773: 22770: 22766: 22762: 22758: 22754: 22750: 22747: 22744: 22743:nortriptyline 22740: 22739:amitriptyline 22736: 22733: 22731: 22728: 22726: 22723: 22721: 22718: 22715: 22711: 22707: 22703: 22702:esmirtazapine 22699: 22695: 22691: 22688: 22686: 22685:Tedatioxetine 22683: 22681: 22678: 22676: 22673: 22671: 22668: 22666: 22663: 22661: 22658: 22656: 22653: 22651: 22648: 22646: 22643: 22641: 22638: 22636: 22633: 22631: 22628: 22626: 22623: 22621: 22618: 22616: 22613: 22611: 22608: 22606: 22603: 22601: 22598: 22596: 22593: 22591: 22588: 22586: 22583: 22581: 22578: 22576: 22573: 22571: 22568: 22565: 22561: 22557: 22553: 22549: 22545: 22541: 22540:bromocriptine 22537: 22533: 22530: 22528: 22525: 22523: 22520: 22518: 22517:Desmetramadol 22515: 22513: 22510: 22508: 22505: 22503: 22500: 22498: 22495: 22493: 22490: 22487: 22483: 22479: 22475: 22471: 22467: 22463: 22459: 22455: 22451: 22447: 22443: 22439: 22435: 22432: 22430: 22427: 22425: 22422: 22419: 22418: 22415: 22409: 22406: 22404: 22401: 22399: 22396: 22394: 22391: 22388: 22384: 22380: 22376: 22372: 22368: 22364: 22360: 22356: 22352: 22348: 22345: 22343: 22340: 22338: 22335: 22333: 22330: 22328: 22325: 22323: 22320: 22317: 22313: 22309: 22305: 22301: 22297: 22294: 22291: 22287: 22283: 22280: 22278: 22275: 22273: 22270: 22268: 22265: 22263: 22260: 22258: 22255: 22252: 22248: 22244: 22240: 22236: 22233: 22231: 22228: 22226: 22223: 22220: 22216: 22212: 22208: 22204: 22200: 22196: 22192: 22188: 22184: 22180: 22176: 22172: 22168: 22165: 22162: 22158: 22154: 22150: 22146: 22143: 22141: 22138: 22136: 22133: 22131: 22128: 22126: 22123: 22121: 22118: 22115: 22111: 22107: 22103: 22099: 22095: 22091: 22087: 22084: 22081: 22077: 22073: 22069: 22065: 22061: 22058: 22055: 22051: 22047: 22043: 22039: 22035: 22031: 22028: 22025: 22024: 22021: 22018: 22016: 22009: 21998: 21994: 21991: 21988: 21987: 21984: 21978: 21975: 21973: 21970: 21967: 21963: 21960: 21958: 21955: 21952: 21948: 21944: 21940: 21937: 21935: 21932: 21930: 21927: 21925: 21922: 21920: 21917: 21915: 21912: 21910: 21907: 21905: 21902: 21900: 21897: 21895: 21892: 21890: 21887: 21885: 21882: 21880: 21877: 21875: 21872: 21870: 21867: 21865: 21862: 21860: 21857: 21855: 21852: 21850: 21847: 21845: 21842: 21840: 21837: 21835: 21832: 21829: 21825: 21821: 21817: 21813: 21812:bromocriptine 21809: 21805: 21802: 21800: 21797: 21795: 21792: 21789: 21785: 21781: 21777: 21773: 21769: 21765: 21761: 21757: 21753: 21752:brexpiprazole 21749: 21745: 21741: 21737: 21734: 21732: 21729: 21726: 21725: 21722: 21715: 21711: 21707: 21703: 21699: 21695: 21691: 21687: 21683: 21679: 21675: 21671: 21667: 21664: 21662: 21659: 21657: 21654: 21652: 21649: 21646: 21642: 21639: 21636: 21632: 21628: 21624: 21620: 21617: 21615: 21612: 21609: 21605: 21601: 21597: 21593: 21589: 21585: 21581: 21578: 21575: 21571: 21567: 21563: 21559: 21556: 21554: 21551: 21548: 21544: 21540: 21536: 21532: 21528: 21524: 21521: 21519: 21516: 21514: 21511: 21508: 21507: 21504: 21501: 21499: 21492: 21481: 21477: 21473: 21470: 21467: 21466: 21463: 21457: 21454: 21452: 21449: 21447: 21444: 21441: 21437: 21433: 21429: 21425: 21421: 21417: 21413: 21409: 21405: 21401: 21397: 21393: 21389: 21385: 21382: 21379: 21378:amitriptyline 21375: 21372: 21369: 21365: 21361: 21357: 21356:esmirtazapine 21353: 21349: 21345: 21342: 21340: 21337: 21335: 21332: 21330: 21327: 21325: 21322: 21319: 21315: 21314:triazoledione 21311: 21307: 21303: 21299: 21295: 21291: 21288: 21286: 21283: 21281: 21278: 21276: 21273: 21271: 21268: 21266: 21263: 21261: 21258: 21256: 21253: 21251: 21248: 21246: 21243: 21241: 21238: 21236: 21233: 21231: 21228: 21226: 21223: 21221: 21218: 21216: 21215:Naftidrofuryl 21213: 21211: 21208: 21206: 21203: 21201: 21198: 21196: 21193: 21191: 21188: 21186: 21183: 21181: 21178: 21176: 21173: 21171: 21168: 21166: 21163: 21161: 21158: 21156: 21153: 21150: 21146: 21142: 21138: 21134: 21130: 21126: 21122: 21119: 21117: 21114: 21112: 21109: 21107: 21104: 21102: 21099: 21097: 21094: 21092: 21089: 21086: 21082: 21078: 21074: 21070: 21066: 21062: 21058: 21054: 21050: 21046: 21042: 21038: 21034: 21030: 21026: 21022: 21018: 21014: 21010: 21009:brexpiprazole 21006: 21002: 20998: 20994: 20990: 20987: 20985: 20982: 20979: 20975: 20971: 20967: 20963: 20960: 20958: 20955: 20953: 20950: 20948: 20945: 20943: 20940: 20938: 20935: 20932: 20931: 20928: 20921: 20917: 20913: 20909: 20905: 20901: 20897: 20893: 20889: 20885: 20881: 20878: 20876: 20873: 20871: 20868: 20866: 20863: 20860: 20856: 20852: 20848: 20845: 20842: 20838: 20834: 20831: 20829: 20826: 20824: 20821: 20819: 20816: 20814: 20811: 20809: 20806: 20804: 20801: 20799: 20796: 20793: 20789: 20785: 20781: 20777: 20774: 20772: 20769: 20767: 20764: 20762: 20759: 20757: 20754: 20751: 20747: 20743: 20739: 20735: 20731: 20727: 20723: 20719: 20715: 20711: 20707: 20703: 20699: 20698:bromocriptine 20695: 20691: 20687: 20684: 20682: 20679: 20676: 20672: 20668: 20664: 20660: 20657: 20655: 20652: 20650: 20647: 20645: 20642: 20640: 20637: 20635: 20632: 20629: 20625: 20621: 20617: 20613: 20609: 20605: 20601: 20598: 20595: 20591: 20587: 20583: 20579: 20575: 20572: 20570: 20567: 20565: 20562: 20559: 20555: 20551: 20547: 20543: 20539: 20535: 20532: 20529: 20525: 20521: 20517: 20513: 20509: 20505: 20501: 20497: 20493: 20489: 20486: 20485: 20482: 20479: 20477: 20470: 20467: 20465: 20458: 20444: 20441: 20439: 20436: 20433: 20432: 20429: 20422: 20418: 20415: 20412: 20408: 20404: 20400: 20397: 20395: 20392: 20390: 20387: 20385: 20382: 20379: 20376: 20372: 20368: 20367:bromocriptine 20364: 20361: 20359: 20356: 20354: 20351: 20348: 20347: 20344: 20341: 20339: 20332: 20322: 20318: 20314: 20310: 20307: 20304: 20303: 20300: 20294: 20291: 20288: 20287: 20284: 20277: 20273: 20270: 20267: 20263: 20260: 20258: 20255: 20252: 20248: 20245: 20243: 20240: 20237: 20236: 20233: 20230: 20228: 20221: 20210: 20206: 20202: 20198: 20195: 20193: 20190: 20187: 20186: 20183: 20177: 20174: 20172: 20169: 20167: 20164: 20162: 20159: 20157: 20154: 20152: 20149: 20147: 20144: 20142: 20139: 20137: 20134: 20132: 20129: 20127: 20124: 20122: 20119: 20116: 20112: 20109: 20107: 20104: 20102: 20099: 20097: 20094: 20091: 20090: 20087: 20080: 20076: 20072: 20068: 20064: 20060: 20056: 20053: 20050: 20046: 20042: 20038: 20034: 20030: 20026: 20022: 20018: 20014: 20011: 20009: 20006: 20004: 20001: 19999: 19996: 19994: 19991: 19989: 19986: 19984: 19981: 19979: 19976: 19974: 19971: 19968: 19964: 19960: 19956: 19952: 19948: 19947:bromocriptine 19944: 19941: 19939: 19936: 19934: 19931: 19929: 19926: 19923: 19922: 19919: 19916: 19914: 19907: 19896: 19892: 19888: 19884: 19881: 19878: 19877: 19874: 19868: 19865: 19863: 19860: 19858: 19855: 19853: 19850: 19848: 19845: 19843: 19840: 19838: 19835: 19833: 19830: 19827: 19823: 19820: 19818: 19815: 19812: 19808: 19804: 19800: 19796: 19792: 19788: 19784: 19783:Beta blockers 19781: 19779: 19776: 19773: 19772: 19769: 19763: 19760: 19757: 19753: 19749: 19745: 19741: 19738: 19736: 19733: 19730: 19726: 19722: 19718: 19714: 19710: 19707: 19705: 19702: 19700: 19697: 19695: 19692: 19689: 19685: 19681: 19677: 19673: 19669: 19668:bromocriptine 19665: 19662: 19660: 19657: 19655: 19652: 19650: 19647: 19645: 19642: 19640: 19637: 19635: 19632: 19630: 19627: 19624: 19623: 19620: 19617: 19615: 19608: 19597: 19593: 19590: 19588: 19585: 19583: 19580: 19577: 19576: 19573: 19567: 19564: 19562: 19559: 19557: 19554: 19552: 19549: 19547: 19544: 19542: 19539: 19537: 19534: 19532: 19529: 19527: 19524: 19522: 19519: 19517: 19514: 19512: 19509: 19507: 19504: 19502: 19499: 19497: 19494: 19492: 19489: 19487: 19484: 19482: 19479: 19477: 19474: 19472: 19469: 19467: 19464: 19461: 19457: 19454: 19452: 19449: 19447: 19444: 19442: 19439: 19436: 19432: 19428: 19424: 19420: 19416: 19412: 19408: 19404: 19403:cyanopindolol 19400: 19396: 19392: 19391:Beta blockers 19389: 19387: 19384: 19381: 19377: 19373: 19369: 19366: 19363: 19362: 19359: 19353: 19350: 19348: 19345: 19343: 19340: 19338: 19335: 19333: 19330: 19328: 19325: 19322: 19318: 19314: 19310: 19306: 19302: 19298: 19294: 19290: 19286: 19283: 19281: 19278: 19276: 19273: 19271: 19268: 19266: 19263: 19261: 19258: 19256: 19253: 19251: 19248: 19246: 19243: 19241: 19238: 19236: 19233: 19231: 19228: 19226: 19223: 19221: 19218: 19216: 19213: 19211: 19208: 19206: 19203: 19201: 19198: 19196: 19193: 19191: 19188: 19186: 19183: 19181: 19178: 19176: 19173: 19171: 19168: 19166: 19163: 19161: 19158: 19156: 19153: 19151: 19148: 19146: 19143: 19141: 19138: 19136: 19133: 19131: 19128: 19126: 19123: 19120: 19116: 19112: 19108: 19104: 19100: 19096: 19092: 19088: 19087:bromocriptine 19084: 19081: 19079: 19076: 19074: 19071: 19069: 19066: 19064: 19061: 19059: 19056: 19054: 19051: 19049: 19046: 19044: 19041: 19039: 19036: 19033: 19029: 19025: 19021: 19017: 19013: 19010: 19007: 19003: 18999: 18995: 18991: 18987: 18986:brexpiprazole 18983: 18979: 18975: 18972: 18969: 18965: 18961: 18960:triazoledione 18957: 18953: 18949: 18945: 18941: 18938: 18936: 18933: 18931: 18928: 18926: 18923: 18920: 18919: 18916: 18913: 18911: 18904: 18901: 18899: 18892: 18888: 18885: 18878: 18873: 18871: 18866: 18864: 18859: 18858: 18855: 18839: 18836: 18834: 18833:Prenoxdiazine 18831: 18829: 18826: 18824: 18821: 18819: 18816: 18815: 18813: 18809: 18803: 18800: 18798: 18795: 18793: 18790: 18789: 18787: 18785: 18781: 18775: 18772: 18770: 18767: 18765: 18762: 18760: 18757: 18755: 18752: 18750: 18747: 18745: 18742: 18740: 18737: 18735: 18732: 18730: 18727: 18725: 18722: 18720: 18717: 18715: 18712: 18710: 18707: 18705: 18702: 18700: 18697: 18695: 18692: 18690: 18687: 18685: 18682: 18680: 18677: 18675: 18672: 18670: 18667: 18665: 18662: 18660: 18657: 18655: 18652: 18650: 18647: 18645: 18642: 18640: 18637: 18635: 18634:Diprenorphine 18632: 18630: 18629:Cyprenorphine 18627: 18625: 18622: 18620: 18617: 18615: 18612: 18610: 18607: 18605: 18602: 18600: 18597: 18595: 18592: 18591: 18589: 18587: 18584: 18580: 18572: 18569: 18567: 18564: 18563: 18562: 18559: 18555: 18552: 18550: 18549:Diethyl ether 18547: 18546: 18545: 18542: 18538: 18535: 18534: 18533: 18530: 18526: 18523: 18521: 18518: 18516: 18513: 18511: 18508: 18507: 18506: 18503: 18502: 18500: 18496: 18490: 18486: 18480: 18477: 18475: 18472: 18470: 18467: 18464: 18463: 18458: 18455: 18453: 18452:Ibotenic acid 18450: 18448: 18445: 18443: 18440: 18439: 18437: 18433: 18426: 18418: 18414: 18410: 18406: 18402: 18398: 18394: 18390: 18380: 18377: 18375: 18372: 18370: 18367: 18365: 18362: 18360: 18357: 18355: 18352: 18350: 18347: 18345: 18342: 18340: 18337: 18335: 18332: 18330: 18327: 18325: 18322: 18320: 18319:Bromocriptine 18317: 18315: 18312: 18310: 18307: 18306: 18304: 18302: 18299: 18292: 18278: 18275: 18273: 18270: 18268: 18265: 18263: 18260: 18258: 18255: 18253: 18250: 18248: 18247:THC-O-acetate 18245: 18243: 18240: 18238: 18235: 18233: 18230: 18228: 18225: 18223: 18220: 18218: 18215: 18213: 18210: 18208: 18205: 18203: 18200: 18198: 18195: 18193: 18190: 18188: 18185: 18183: 18180: 18178: 18175: 18173: 18170: 18168: 18165: 18163: 18160: 18158: 18155: 18153: 18150: 18148: 18145: 18143: 18140: 18138: 18135: 18133: 18130: 18128: 18125: 18123: 18120: 18118: 18117:MDMB-FUBINACA 18115: 18113: 18112:MDMB-CHMINACA 18110: 18108: 18105: 18103: 18102:Levonantradol 18100: 18098: 18095: 18093: 18090: 18088: 18085: 18083: 18080: 18078: 18075: 18073: 18070: 18068: 18065: 18063: 18060: 18058: 18055: 18053: 18050: 18048: 18045: 18043: 18040: 18038: 18035: 18033: 18030: 18028: 18025: 18023: 18020: 18018: 18015: 18013: 18010: 18008: 18005: 18003: 18000: 17998: 17995: 17993: 17990: 17988: 17985: 17983: 17980: 17978: 17975: 17973: 17970: 17968: 17965: 17963: 17960: 17958: 17955: 17953: 17950: 17948: 17945: 17943: 17940: 17938: 17935: 17933: 17930: 17928: 17925: 17923: 17920: 17918: 17915: 17913: 17910: 17908: 17905: 17903: 17900: 17898: 17897:5F-ADB-PINACA 17895: 17893: 17890: 17888: 17885: 17883: 17882:5F-AB-FUPPYCA 17880: 17878: 17875: 17874: 17872: 17870: 17866: 17860: 17857: 17855: 17852: 17850: 17847: 17845: 17842: 17840: 17837: 17835: 17832: 17830: 17827: 17825: 17822: 17820: 17817: 17815: 17812: 17810: 17807: 17805: 17802: 17800: 17797: 17795: 17792: 17790: 17787: 17785: 17782: 17780: 17777: 17775: 17772: 17770: 17767: 17765: 17762: 17760: 17757: 17755: 17752: 17750: 17747: 17745: 17742: 17740: 17737: 17735: 17732: 17730: 17727: 17725: 17722: 17720: 17717: 17715: 17712: 17710: 17707: 17705: 17702: 17700: 17697: 17695: 17692: 17690: 17687: 17685: 17682: 17680: 17677: 17675: 17672: 17670: 17667: 17665: 17662: 17660: 17657: 17655: 17652: 17650: 17647: 17645: 17642: 17640: 17637: 17635: 17632: 17630: 17627: 17625: 17622: 17620: 17617: 17615: 17612: 17610: 17607: 17605: 17602: 17600: 17597: 17595: 17592: 17590: 17587: 17585: 17582: 17580: 17577: 17575: 17572: 17570: 17567: 17565: 17562: 17560: 17557: 17555: 17552: 17550: 17547: 17546: 17544: 17542: 17541: 17535: 17529: 17526: 17524: 17521: 17519: 17516: 17514: 17511: 17509: 17506: 17504: 17501: 17499: 17496: 17494: 17491: 17489: 17486: 17485: 17483: 17481: 17480: 17474: 17468: 17467:(-)-CP 55,940 17465: 17463: 17462:(+)-CP 55,940 17460: 17458: 17457:(±)-CP 55,940 17455: 17453: 17450: 17448: 17445: 17443: 17440: 17439: 17437: 17435: 17434: 17428: 17422: 17419: 17417: 17414: 17412: 17409: 17407: 17404: 17402: 17399: 17397: 17394: 17392: 17389: 17387: 17384: 17382: 17379: 17377: 17374: 17372: 17369: 17367: 17364: 17362: 17359: 17357: 17354: 17352: 17349: 17347: 17344: 17342: 17339: 17337: 17334: 17332: 17329: 17327: 17324: 17322: 17319: 17317: 17314: 17312: 17309: 17307: 17304: 17302: 17299: 17297: 17294: 17292: 17289: 17287: 17284: 17282: 17279: 17277: 17274: 17272: 17269: 17267: 17264: 17262: 17259: 17257: 17254: 17252: 17249: 17247: 17244: 17242: 17239: 17237: 17234: 17232: 17229: 17227: 17224: 17222: 17219: 17217: 17214: 17212: 17209: 17207: 17204: 17202: 17199: 17198: 17196: 17194: 17193: 17187: 17184: 17182: 17178: 17172: 17169: 17167: 17164: 17162: 17159: 17158: 17156: 17154: 17150: 17147: 17143: 17134: 17130: 17127: 17123: 17117: 17114: 17112: 17109: 17107: 17104: 17102: 17099: 17097: 17094: 17092: 17089: 17087: 17084: 17082: 17079: 17077: 17074: 17072: 17069: 17067: 17064: 17062: 17059: 17057: 17054: 17052: 17049: 17047: 17044: 17042: 17039: 17037: 17034: 17032: 17029: 17027: 17024: 17022: 17019: 17017: 17014: 17012: 17009: 17007: 17004: 17002: 16999: 16997: 16994: 16992: 16989: 16987: 16986:Dicycloverine 16984: 16982: 16979: 16977: 16974: 16972: 16969: 16967: 16964: 16962: 16959: 16957: 16954: 16952: 16949: 16947: 16944: 16942: 16939: 16937: 16934: 16932: 16929: 16927: 16924: 16922: 16919: 16917: 16914: 16912: 16909: 16907: 16904: 16902: 16899: 16897: 16894: 16892: 16889: 16887: 16884: 16882: 16879: 16878: 16876: 16872: 16868: 16862: 16858: 16848: 16845: 16843: 16840: 16838: 16835: 16833: 16830: 16828: 16825: 16823: 16820: 16818: 16817:Nitrous oxide 16815: 16813: 16810: 16808: 16805: 16803: 16800: 16798: 16795: 16793: 16790: 16788: 16785: 16783: 16780: 16778: 16775: 16773: 16770: 16768: 16765: 16763: 16760: 16758: 16755: 16753: 16750: 16748: 16745: 16744: 16742: 16738: 16732: 16729: 16727: 16724: 16722: 16719: 16717: 16714: 16712: 16709: 16708: 16706: 16704: 16700: 16694: 16691: 16689: 16688:Fluorolintane 16686: 16684: 16681: 16679: 16676: 16675: 16673: 16669: 16663: 16660: 16658: 16655: 16653: 16650: 16649: 16647: 16645: 16641: 16631: 16628: 16626: 16623: 16621: 16618: 16617: 16615: 16611: 16604: 16603:Tenocyclidine 16601: 16598: 16597:Rolicyclidine 16595: 16592: 16591:Phencyclidine 16589: 16587: 16584: 16581: 16578: 16575: 16572: 16570: 16567: 16565: 16562: 16560: 16557: 16555: 16552: 16550: 16547: 16545: 16542: 16540: 16537: 16535: 16532: 16530: 16527: 16525: 16522: 16521: 16519: 16515: 16509: 16506: 16504: 16501: 16499: 16496: 16494: 16491: 16489: 16486: 16484: 16483:Methoxetamine 16481: 16479: 16476: 16473: 16470: 16467: 16464: 16462: 16459: 16456: 16453: 16451: 16448: 16447: 16445: 16441: 16438: 16436: 16430: 16427: 16423: 16419: 16413: 16412:Dissociatives 16409: 16397: 16393: 16389: 16385: 16381: 16375: 16372: 16370: 16367: 16365: 16362: 16360: 16357: 16355: 16352: 16350: 16347: 16345: 16342: 16340: 16337: 16336: 16334: 16330: 16320: 16317: 16315: 16312: 16310: 16307: 16305: 16302: 16300: 16297: 16295: 16292: 16290: 16287: 16285: 16282: 16280: 16277: 16275: 16272: 16270: 16267: 16265: 16262: 16260: 16257: 16255: 16252: 16250: 16247: 16245: 16242: 16241: 16239: 16235: 16229: 16226: 16224: 16221: 16219: 16216: 16214: 16211: 16209: 16206: 16205: 16203: 16197: 16193: 16187: 16184: 16182: 16179: 16177: 16174: 16172: 16169: 16168: 16166: 16160: 16156: 16150: 16147: 16145: 16144:Tabernanthine 16142: 16140: 16137: 16135: 16132: 16130: 16127: 16125: 16122: 16120: 16117: 16115: 16112: 16110: 16107: 16106: 16104: 16100: 16094: 16091: 16089: 16086: 16084: 16081: 16079: 16076: 16075: 16073: 16067: 16063: 16057: 16054: 16052: 16049: 16047: 16046:Norbaeocystin 16044: 16042: 16039: 16037: 16034: 16032: 16029: 16027: 16024: 16022: 16020: 16016: 16011: 16009: 16006: 16004: 16001: 15999: 15997: 15993: 15988: 15986: 15984: 15980: 15975: 15973: 15970: 15968: 15965: 15963: 15960: 15958: 15955: 15953: 15950: 15948: 15945: 15943: 15940: 15938: 15935: 15933: 15930: 15929: 15927: 15921: 15917: 15911: 15908: 15906: 15903: 15901: 15898: 15896: 15893: 15892: 15890: 15884: 15880: 15874: 15871: 15869: 15866: 15864: 15861: 15859: 15856: 15854: 15851: 15850: 15848: 15842: 15838: 15832: 15829: 15827: 15824: 15822: 15819: 15817: 15814: 15813: 15811: 15805: 15801: 15795: 15792: 15790: 15787: 15785: 15782: 15780: 15777: 15775: 15772: 15771: 15769: 15767: 15765: 15760: 15757: 15755: 15751: 15745: 15742: 15740: 15737: 15735: 15732: 15731: 15729: 15727: 15723: 15713: 15710: 15708: 15705: 15703: 15700: 15698: 15695: 15693: 15690: 15688: 15685: 15683: 15680: 15678: 15675: 15673: 15670: 15668: 15665: 15663: 15660: 15658: 15655: 15653: 15650: 15648: 15645: 15643: 15640: 15638: 15635: 15633: 15630: 15628: 15625: 15623: 15620: 15618: 15615: 15613: 15612:2CB-5-hemifly 15610: 15608: 15605: 15603: 15600: 15598: 15595: 15593: 15590: 15589: 15587: 15583: 15576: 15573: 15570: 15567: 15564: 15561: 15560: 15558: 15556: 15552: 15546: 15543: 15541: 15538: 15536: 15533: 15531: 15528: 15526: 15523: 15521: 15518: 15516: 15513: 15511: 15508: 15506: 15505:Isoproscaline 15503: 15501: 15498: 15496: 15493: 15491: 15488: 15486: 15483: 15481: 15478: 15476: 15473: 15471: 15468: 15466: 15465:Asymbescaline 15463: 15461: 15460:Allylescaline 15458: 15456: 15453: 15451: 15448: 15446: 15443: 15441: 15438: 15436: 15433: 15432: 15430: 15426: 15420: 15417: 15415: 15412: 15410: 15407: 15405: 15402: 15400: 15397: 15395: 15392: 15390: 15387: 15385: 15382: 15380: 15377: 15375: 15372: 15370: 15367: 15366: 15364: 15362: 15359: 15355: 15349: 15346: 15344: 15341: 15339: 15336: 15335: 15333: 15331: 15326: 15320: 15317: 15315: 15312: 15310: 15307: 15305: 15302: 15300: 15297: 15295: 15292: 15290: 15287: 15285: 15282: 15280: 15277: 15275: 15272: 15270: 15267: 15265: 15262: 15260: 15257: 15256: 15254: 15252: 15251: 15245: 15239: 15236: 15234: 15231: 15229: 15226: 15224: 15221: 15219: 15216: 15214: 15211: 15209: 15206: 15204: 15201: 15200: 15198: 15196: 15191: 15185: 15182: 15180: 15177: 15175: 15172: 15170: 15167: 15165: 15162: 15160: 15157: 15156: 15154: 15152: 15147: 15137: 15134: 15132: 15129: 15127: 15124: 15122: 15119: 15117: 15114: 15112: 15109: 15107: 15104: 15102: 15099: 15097: 15094: 15092: 15089: 15087: 15084: 15082: 15079: 15077: 15074: 15072: 15069: 15067: 15064: 15063: 15061: 15059: 15055: 15049: 15046: 15044: 15041: 15039: 15036: 15034: 15031: 15029: 15026: 15024: 15021: 15019: 15016: 15014: 15011: 15009: 15006: 15004: 15001: 14999: 14996: 14994: 14991: 14990: 14988: 14986: 14982: 14977: 14967: 14964: 14962: 14959: 14957: 14954: 14952: 14949: 14947: 14944: 14942: 14939: 14937: 14934: 14932: 14929: 14927: 14924: 14922: 14919: 14917: 14914: 14912: 14909: 14907: 14904: 14902: 14899: 14897: 14894: 14892: 14889: 14887: 14884: 14882: 14879: 14877: 14874: 14872: 14869: 14867: 14864: 14862: 14859: 14857: 14854: 14852: 14849: 14847: 14844: 14842: 14839: 14837: 14834: 14832: 14829: 14827: 14824: 14823: 14821: 14817: 14811: 14808: 14806: 14803: 14801: 14798: 14796: 14793: 14791: 14788: 14786: 14783: 14781: 14778: 14776: 14773: 14771: 14768: 14766: 14763: 14761: 14758: 14756: 14753: 14751: 14748: 14746: 14743: 14741: 14738: 14736: 14733: 14731: 14728: 14727: 14725: 14719: 14714: 14708: 14705: 14703: 14700: 14698: 14695: 14693: 14690: 14688: 14685: 14683: 14680: 14678: 14675: 14673: 14670: 14668: 14665: 14663: 14660: 14658: 14655: 14653: 14650: 14649: 14647: 14641: 14636: 14630: 14627: 14625: 14622: 14620: 14617: 14615: 14612: 14610: 14607: 14605: 14602: 14600: 14597: 14595: 14592: 14590: 14587: 14585: 14582: 14580: 14577: 14576: 14574: 14568: 14563: 14557: 14554: 14552: 14549: 14547: 14544: 14542: 14539: 14537: 14534: 14532: 14529: 14527: 14524: 14522: 14519: 14517: 14514: 14512: 14509: 14508: 14506: 14500: 14495: 14489: 14486: 14484: 14481: 14479: 14476: 14474: 14471: 14469: 14466: 14464: 14461: 14459: 14456: 14454: 14451: 14449: 14446: 14444: 14441: 14439: 14436: 14434: 14431: 14430: 14428: 14422: 14417: 14411: 14408: 14406: 14403: 14401: 14398: 14396: 14393: 14391: 14388: 14386: 14383: 14381: 14378: 14376: 14373: 14371: 14368: 14366: 14363: 14361: 14358: 14356: 14353: 14352: 14350: 14344: 14339: 14333: 14330: 14328: 14325: 14324: 14322: 14316: 14311: 14308: 14306: 14305: 14301: 14295: 14289: 14286: 14284: 14281: 14279: 14276: 14274: 14271: 14269: 14266: 14264: 14261: 14259: 14256: 14254: 14251: 14249: 14246: 14244: 14241: 14239: 14236: 14234: 14231: 14229: 14226: 14224: 14221: 14219: 14216: 14214: 14211: 14209: 14206: 14204: 14201: 14199: 14196: 14194: 14191: 14189: 14186: 14184: 14181: 14179: 14176: 14174: 14171: 14169: 14166: 14164: 14161: 14159: 14156: 14154: 14151: 14149: 14146: 14144: 14141: 14139: 14136: 14134: 14131: 14129: 14126: 14124: 14121: 14119: 14116: 14114: 14111: 14109: 14106: 14104: 14101: 14099: 14096: 14094: 14091: 14089: 14086: 14084: 14081: 14079: 14076: 14074: 14071: 14069: 14066: 14064: 14061: 14059: 14056: 14054: 14051: 14049: 14046: 14044: 14041: 14039: 14036: 14034: 14031: 14029: 14026: 14024: 14021: 14019: 14016: 14014: 14011: 14009: 14006: 14004: 14001: 13999: 13996: 13994: 13991: 13989: 13986: 13984: 13981: 13979: 13976: 13974: 13971: 13969: 13966: 13965: 13963: 13961: 13960: 13954: 13951: 13949: 13943: 13937: 13934: 13932: 13929: 13927: 13924: 13922: 13919: 13917: 13914: 13912: 13909: 13907: 13904: 13902: 13899: 13897: 13894: 13892: 13889: 13887: 13884: 13882: 13879: 13877: 13874: 13872: 13869: 13867: 13864: 13862: 13859: 13857: 13854: 13852: 13849: 13847: 13844: 13842: 13839: 13837: 13834: 13832: 13829: 13827: 13824: 13822: 13819: 13817: 13814: 13812: 13809: 13807: 13804: 13802: 13799: 13797: 13794: 13792: 13789: 13787: 13784: 13782: 13779: 13777: 13774: 13773: 13771: 13769: 13763: 13757: 13754: 13752: 13749: 13747: 13744: 13742: 13739: 13737: 13734: 13732: 13729: 13727: 13724: 13722: 13719: 13718: 13716: 13714: 13710: 13707: 13702: 13693: 13689: 13685: 13684:Hallucinogens 13678: 13673: 13671: 13666: 13664: 13659: 13658: 13655: 13649: 13646: 13643: 13640: 13639: 13626: 13622: 13617: 13612: 13608: 13604: 13600: 13596: 13592: 13585: 13583: 13574: 13570: 13566: 13562: 13558: 13554: 13547: 13545: 13536: 13532: 13528: 13524: 13520: 13516: 13509: 13493: 13489: 13483: 13475: 13471: 13467: 13463: 13459: 13455: 13448: 13440: 13436: 13431: 13426: 13422: 13418: 13414: 13410: 13406: 13399: 13391: 13387: 13383: 13379: 13375: 13371: 13363: 13355: 13351: 13347: 13343: 13339: 13335: 13328: 13320: 13316: 13311: 13306: 13302: 13298: 13294: 13290: 13286: 13279: 13271: 13267: 13263: 13259: 13255: 13251: 13244: 13242: 13233: 13229: 13224: 13219: 13215: 13211: 13207: 13203: 13199: 13192: 13184: 13180: 13176: 13172: 13168: 13164: 13157: 13155: 13146: 13142: 13137: 13132: 13128: 13124: 13120: 13116: 13112: 13105: 13103: 13101: 13099: 13097: 13095: 13093: 13084: 13080: 13075: 13070: 13065: 13060: 13056: 13052: 13048: 13041: 13025: 13021: 13014: 12998: 12994: 12988: 12980: 12976: 12971: 12966: 12962: 12958: 12954: 12950: 12946: 12939: 12931: 12927: 12922: 12917: 12913: 12909: 12905: 12901: 12897: 12890: 12882: 12878: 12873: 12868: 12863: 12858: 12854: 12850: 12846: 12839: 12831: 12827: 12823: 12819: 12815: 12811: 12804: 12796: 12792: 12788: 12784: 12780: 12776: 12772: 12768: 12761: 12742: 12738: 12732: 12728: 12727:10.2810/44330 12724: 12720: 12713: 12706: 12698: 12691: 12689: 12672: 12668: 12662: 12658: 12657: 12649: 12641: 12637: 12633: 12629: 12626:(3): 325–45. 12625: 12621: 12614: 12606: 12602: 12597: 12592: 12588: 12584: 12580: 12576: 12572: 12565: 12557: 12553: 12549: 12545: 12541: 12537: 12533: 12529: 12522: 12503: 12496: 12490: 12475: 12471: 12467: 12463: 12456: 12441: 12437: 12430: 12422: 12416: 12412: 12405: 12397: 12395:9788551004173 12391: 12387: 12383: 12379: 12373: 12371: 12362: 12358: 12353: 12348: 12343: 12338: 12335:(2): 212–22. 12334: 12330: 12326: 12319: 12312: 12307: 12296:September 23, 12292: 12288: 12282: 12271:September 23, 12267: 12263: 12257: 12246:September 23, 12241: 12237: 12231: 12215: 12211: 12205: 12198: 12193: 12191: 12176: 12172: 12165: 12146: 12142: 12135: 12128: 12120: 12116: 12111: 12106: 12102: 12098: 12094: 12090: 12086: 12079: 12063: 12059: 12055: 12048: 12029: 12025: 12018: 12011: 11992: 11988: 11981: 11975: 11964: 11960: 11956: 11952: 11948: 11944: 11940: 11936: 11932: 11925: 11918: 11910: 11906: 11902: 11898: 11894: 11890: 11883: 11867: 11863: 11857: 11849: 11845: 11841: 11837: 11833: 11829: 11822: 11814: 11810: 11803: 11795: 11791: 11787: 11783: 11779: 11775: 11768: 11766: 11757: 11753: 11749: 11745: 11741: 11737: 11730: 11722: 11718: 11714: 11710: 11706: 11699: 11688:September 17, 11680: 11676: 11672: 11665: 11658: 11642: 11638: 11634: 11630: 11626: 11622: 11618: 11614: 11612: 11603: 11595: 11589: 11585: 11581: 11574: 11558: 11554: 11550: 11543: 11535: 11531: 11527: 11523: 11519: 11512: 11510: 11490: 11486: 11482: 11475: 11468: 11466: 11449: 11445: 11441: 11437: 11433: 11429: 11425: 11421: 11410: 11402: 11398: 11394: 11390: 11386: 11382: 11378: 11374: 11367: 11359: 11355: 11351: 11347: 11343: 11339: 11332: 11324: 11320: 11316: 11312: 11308: 11304: 11297: 11289: 11285: 11281: 11277: 11273: 11269: 11262: 11260: 11251: 11247: 11243: 11239: 11232: 11224: 11220: 11216: 11212: 11208: 11204: 11196: 11194: 11185: 11181: 11177: 11173: 11169: 11165: 11157: 11149: 11145: 11141: 11137: 11130: 11122: 11118: 11114: 11110: 11106: 11102: 11095: 11087: 11083: 11079: 11075: 11071: 11067: 11060: 11052: 11048: 11044: 11040: 11037:(2): 93–105. 11036: 11032: 11024: 11022: 11013: 11009: 11005: 11001: 10997: 10993: 10986: 10970: 10966: 10960: 10956: 10955: 10947: 10939: 10933: 10929: 10925: 10924: 10916: 10900: 10896: 10890: 10886: 10882: 10875: 10867: 10863: 10859: 10855: 10851: 10847: 10846:Life Sciences 10840: 10832: 10828: 10823: 10818: 10814: 10810: 10806: 10799: 10791: 10785: 10781: 10774: 10766: 10762: 10757: 10752: 10747: 10742: 10738: 10734: 10730: 10723: 10715: 10711: 10707: 10703: 10699: 10695: 10688: 10680: 10676: 10672: 10668: 10664: 10660: 10653: 10645: 10641: 10637: 10633: 10629: 10625: 10618: 10616: 10607: 10603: 10598: 10593: 10588: 10583: 10579: 10575: 10571: 10564: 10556: 10552: 10548: 10544: 10540: 10536: 10529: 10513: 10509: 10505: 10499: 10483: 10479: 10473: 10469: 10468: 10460: 10452: 10448: 10443: 10438: 10433: 10428: 10424: 10420: 10416: 10409: 10407: 10398: 10394: 10389: 10384: 10380: 10376: 10372: 10368: 10364: 10357: 10355: 10346: 10342: 10337: 10332: 10327: 10322: 10318: 10314: 10310: 10303: 10301: 10284: 10280: 10274: 10258: 10254: 10248: 10233: 10229: 10222: 10207: 10203: 10196: 10188: 10184: 10179: 10174: 10170: 10166: 10162: 10158: 10154: 10147: 10139: 10135: 10130: 10125: 10121: 10117: 10113: 10109: 10105: 10098: 10090: 10086: 10081: 10076: 10071: 10066: 10062: 10058: 10054: 10050: 10046: 10039: 10031: 10027: 10023: 10019: 10015: 10011: 10004: 9997: 9989: 9985: 9980: 9975: 9970: 9965: 9961: 9957: 9956:Int J Mol Sci 9953: 9946: 9938: 9934: 9929: 9924: 9920: 9916: 9912: 9905: 9897: 9893: 9888: 9883: 9879: 9875: 9871: 9867: 9863: 9859: 9855: 9848: 9840: 9836: 9831: 9826: 9822: 9818: 9814: 9810: 9806: 9799: 9783: 9779: 9775: 9771: 9767: 9763: 9759: 9758: 9753: 9751: 9742: 9734: 9730: 9725: 9720: 9716: 9712: 9709:(2): 88–101. 9708: 9704: 9700: 9693: 9691: 9682: 9678: 9673: 9668: 9664: 9660: 9656: 9649: 9641: 9637: 9633: 9629: 9625: 9621: 9614: 9612: 9610: 9601: 9597: 9592: 9587: 9582: 9577: 9573: 9569: 9565: 9563: 9554: 9552: 9543: 9539: 9535: 9531: 9527: 9523: 9516: 9514: 9505: 9501: 9496: 9491: 9487: 9483: 9479: 9475: 9471: 9467: 9463: 9456: 9440: 9436: 9435: 9430: 9429:"Psilocybine" 9424: 9422: 9413: 9409: 9405: 9401: 9397: 9393: 9389: 9385: 9378: 9376: 9374: 9372: 9355: 9351: 9345: 9341: 9337: 9330: 9314: 9310: 9306: 9300: 9284: 9280: 9276: 9269: 9261: 9257: 9253: 9249: 9244: 9239: 9235: 9231: 9227: 9223: 9219: 9215: 9211: 9204: 9188: 9184: 9178: 9167: 9163: 9159: 9155: 9151: 9147: 9143: 9139: 9135: 9128: 9121: 9113: 9109: 9105: 9101: 9097: 9093: 9086: 9078: 9074: 9070: 9064: 9062: 9053: 9047: 9043: 9039: 9038: 9030: 9011: 9007: 9003: 8998: 8993: 8989: 8985: 8981: 8977: 8970: 8963: 8961: 8953:(2): 295–315. 8952: 8948: 8941: 8933: 8929: 8925: 8921: 8917: 8913: 8909: 8905: 8898: 8879: 8875: 8871: 8867: 8863: 8858: 8853: 8849: 8845: 8838: 8831: 8823: 8817: 8813: 8812: 8804: 8796: 8790: 8786: 8779: 8771: 8765: 8761: 8757: 8753: 8746: 8738: 8734: 8729: 8724: 8720: 8716: 8712: 8708: 8704: 8697: 8695: 8686: 8682: 8677: 8672: 8668: 8664: 8660: 8656: 8652: 8645: 8637: 8633: 8627: 8623: 8619: 8612: 8593: 8589: 8585: 8578: 8571: 8563: 8559: 8555: 8551: 8547: 8543: 8536: 8528: 8524: 8520: 8516: 8512: 8508: 8504: 8500: 8493: 8491: 8482: 8478: 8474: 8470: 8466: 8462: 8459:(S2): 73–79. 8458: 8454: 8447: 8439: 8435: 8431: 8427: 8423: 8419: 8415: 8411: 8404: 8396: 8392: 8388: 8384: 8380: 8376: 8372: 8368: 8361: 8353: 8349: 8345: 8341: 8337: 8333: 8329: 8322: 8320: 8311: 8307: 8303: 8299: 8292: 8284: 8280: 8276: 8272: 8268: 8264: 8260: 8256: 8249: 8238: 8234: 8230: 8226: 8222: 8218: 8214: 8210: 8206: 8199: 8192: 8190: 8181: 8177: 8173: 8169: 8165: 8161: 8157: 8153: 8146: 8138: 8134: 8130: 8126: 8119: 8111: 8108:(in French). 8107: 8099: 8083: 8079: 8073: 8069: 8068: 8060: 8041: 8037: 8033: 8029: 8025: 8021: 8017: 8010: 8003: 7995: 7989: 7985: 7981: 7980: 7972: 7970: 7961: 7957: 7953: 7949: 7945: 7941: 7937: 7933: 7926: 7924: 7907: 7903: 7897: 7893: 7892: 7884: 7868: 7864: 7858: 7854: 7853: 7845: 7829: 7823: 7821: 7819: 7810: 7806: 7801: 7796: 7792: 7788: 7784: 7780: 7776: 7769: 7761: 7757: 7752: 7747: 7742: 7737: 7733: 7729: 7725: 7718: 7702: 7698: 7694: 7690: 7684: 7680: 7679: 7671: 7655: 7651: 7647: 7643: 7636: 7634: 7632: 7630: 7613: 7609: 7603: 7595: 7591: 7586: 7581: 7577: 7573: 7569: 7565: 7561: 7554: 7546: 7542: 7537: 7532: 7528: 7524: 7520: 7516: 7512: 7505: 7497: 7493: 7489: 7485: 7481: 7477: 7470: 7462: 7458: 7453: 7448: 7444: 7440: 7436: 7429: 7427: 7425: 7416: 7412: 7408: 7404: 7397: 7395: 7386: 7382: 7377: 7372: 7368: 7364: 7360: 7356: 7352: 7345: 7343: 7334: 7330: 7326: 7322: 7318: 7314: 7311:(2): 91–116. 7310: 7306: 7302: 7295: 7276: 7272: 7268: 7264: 7260: 7256: 7252: 7248: 7244: 7237: 7230: 7222: 7218: 7214: 7210: 7206: 7202: 7198: 7194: 7187: 7179: 7175: 7171: 7167: 7163: 7159: 7155: 7151: 7144: 7142: 7133: 7127: 7123: 7116: 7106: 7102: 7098: 7094: 7089: 7085: 7081: 7077: 7073: 7069: 7065: 7060: 7056: 7052: 7048: 7044: 7040: 7036: 7031: 7027: 7023: 7019: 7015: 7011: 7007: 7003: 6999: 6994: 6990: 6986: 6982: 6978: 6974: 6970: 6966: 6962: 6957: 6956: 6952: 6944: 6940: 6933: 6914: 6910: 6906: 6902: 6898: 6891: 6884: 6868: 6864: 6858: 6850: 6846: 6841: 6836: 6832: 6828: 6824: 6820: 6816: 6809: 6801: 6797: 6792: 6787: 6783: 6779: 6775: 6771: 6767: 6760: 6758: 6741: 6737: 6731: 6727: 6723: 6719: 6712: 6710: 6708: 6688: 6684: 6680: 6676: 6672: 6668: 6664: 6660: 6656: 6649: 6642: 6640: 6638: 6629: 6625: 6620: 6615: 6611: 6607: 6603: 6599: 6595: 6588: 6572: 6568: 6562: 6551: 6547: 6543: 6539: 6535: 6531: 6527: 6520: 6513: 6511: 6509: 6507: 6505: 6503: 6501: 6499: 6497: 6495: 6493: 6491: 6489: 6480: 6476: 6472: 6468: 6464: 6460: 6453: 6437: 6433: 6426: 6410: 6406: 6405: 6400: 6393: 6385: 6381: 6377: 6373: 6369: 6365: 6361: 6357: 6350: 6348: 6328: 6324: 6322:92-9168-249-7 6318: 6314: 6307: 6300: 6298: 6281: 6277: 6273: 6269: 6265: 6261: 6257: 6253: 6249: 6245: 6238: 6230: 6224: 6220: 6213: 6205: 6199: 6195: 6191: 6185: 6183: 6163: 6159: 6155: 6151: 6147: 6143: 6139: 6132: 6125: 6110: 6106: 6100: 6091: 6086: 6082: 6078: 6074: 6067: 6065: 6045: 6041: 6037: 6032: 6027: 6023: 6019: 6015: 6011: 6004: 5997: 5989: 5985: 5981: 5977: 5970: 5962: 5958: 5954: 5950: 5946: 5942: 5938: 5934: 5927: 5925: 5916: 5910: 5906: 5902: 5896: 5894: 5892: 5883: 5880:(in French). 5879: 5872: 5856: 5852: 5848: 5844: 5840: 5833: 5825: 5819: 5815: 5808: 5806: 5797: 5791: 5787: 5780: 5771: 5766: 5762: 5758: 5754: 5747: 5739: 5733: 5729: 5728: 5723: 5717: 5715: 5713: 5711: 5702: 5696: 5692: 5685: 5683: 5681: 5679: 5670: 5664: 5660: 5656: 5652: 5646: 5644: 5642: 5640: 5638: 5636: 5634: 5625: 5621: 5617: 5613: 5609: 5605: 5602:mushrooms?". 5601: 5594: 5586: 5582: 5578: 5571: 5563: 5557: 5541: 5535: 5527: 5523: 5518: 5513: 5508: 5503: 5499: 5495: 5491: 5487: 5483: 5476: 5474: 5457: 5453: 5449: 5445: 5439: 5433: 5429: 5428: 5422: 5420: 5411: 5407: 5402: 5397: 5392: 5387: 5383: 5379: 5375: 5368: 5366: 5364: 5362: 5353: 5349: 5345: 5341: 5337: 5333: 5329: 5325: 5318: 5316: 5308: 5303: 5299: 5294: 5289: 5285: 5281: 5277: 5273: 5269: 5262: 5255: 5251: 5245: 5241: 5237: 5233: 5226: 5218: 5214: 5210: 5206: 5202: 5198: 5190: 5188: 5179: 5175: 5170: 5165: 5160: 5155: 5151: 5147: 5143: 5136: 5134: 5132: 5130: 5128: 5119: 5115: 5110: 5105: 5101: 5097: 5096:CNS Spectrums 5093: 5086: 5084: 5082: 5080: 5078: 5076: 5074: 5072: 5070: 5068: 5066: 5049: 5045: 5041: 5037: 5031: 5023: 5019: 5014: 5009: 5004: 4999: 4995: 4991: 4987: 4980: 4972: 4968: 4963: 4958: 4953: 4948: 4944: 4940: 4936: 4929: 4927: 4925: 4923: 4921: 4919: 4917: 4915: 4898: 4894: 4888: 4884: 4883: 4875: 4873: 4864: 4860: 4856: 4852: 4848: 4844: 4839: 4834: 4830: 4826: 4819: 4817: 4808: 4804: 4800: 4796: 4792: 4788: 4784: 4780: 4773: 4771: 4762: 4758: 4753: 4748: 4744: 4740: 4736: 4732: 4728: 4721: 4719: 4711: 4706: 4702: 4698: 4694: 4690: 4686: 4682: 4678: 4671: 4669: 4667: 4665: 4663: 4661: 4659: 4657: 4655: 4653: 4651: 4649: 4640: 4636: 4631: 4626: 4622: 4618: 4614: 4610: 4606: 4599: 4597: 4592: 4573: 4569: 4563: 4556: 4554: 4548: 4547: 4540: 4530: 4523: 4517: 4510: 4506: 4502: 4498: 4494: 4490: 4486: 4482: 4478: 4474: 4470: 4466: 4462: 4458: 4454: 4453:The Shroomery 4450: 4446: 4442: 4438: 4432: 4425: 4421: 4415: 4411: 4401: 4398: 4396: 4393: 4391: 4388: 4386: 4383: 4381: 4379: 4375: 4373: 4370: 4369: 4365: 4354: 4347: 4345: 4341: 4334: 4330: 4326: 4321: 4319: 4315: 4311: 4307: 4303: 4299: 4295: 4293: 4289: 4285: 4281: 4265: 4261: 4248: 4242: 4222: 4218: 4214: 4210: 4206: 4202: 4198: 4194: 4191: 4187: 4183: 4174: 4172: 4168: 4164: 4160: 4156: 4152: 4148: 4144: 4140: 4136: 4132: 4128: 4124: 4120: 4114: 4104: 4102: 4097: 4093: 4089: 4085: 4081: 4077: 4073: 4069: 4064: 4061: 4058: 4054: 4046: 4041: 4032: 4030: 4024: 4021: 4008: 4004: 4002: 3998: 3994: 3990: 3985: 3983: 3979: 3975: 3971: 3967: 3953: Illegal 3922: 3915: 3908: 3904: 3889: 3887: 3883: 3879: 3878:norbaeocystin 3875: 3871: 3867: 3863: 3860:specimens of 3859: 3854: 3852: 3848: 3844: 3840: 3836: 3832: 3828: 3817: 3816: 3809: 3798: 3797: 3789: 3777: 3772: 3768: 3766: 3762: 3758: 3754: 3753: 3748: 3747: 3742: 3741: 3736: 3732: 3728: 3724: 3720: 3716: 3712: 3707: 3703: 3702: 3697: 3696: 3691: 3690: 3685: 3684: 3679: 3678: 3673: 3672: 3667: 3666: 3661: 3660: 3655: 3654: 3649: 3648: 3643: 3642: 3637: 3633: 3632:Gastón Guzmán 3629: 3628:Basidiomycota 3619: 3617: 3616: 3612: 3611: 3607: 3605: 3604: 3600: 3599: 3595: 3593: 3592: 3588: 3587: 3583: 3581: 3580: 3576: 3575: 3571: 3569: 3568: 3564: 3563: 3559: 3557: 3556: 3552: 3551: 3547: 3545: 3544: 3540: 3539: 3535: 3533: 3532: 3531:P. cyanescens 3528: 3527: 3523: 3521: 3520: 3519:P. baeocystis 3516: 3515: 3511: 3509: 3508: 3504: 3503: 3499: 3497: 3496: 3492: 3491: 3487: 3485: 3484: 3483:P. azurescens 3480: 3479: 3476:% psilocybin 3471: 3467: 3456: 3454: 3449: 3445: 3441: 3437: 3433: 3429: 3425: 3421: 3416: 3414: 3410: 3406: 3402: 3398: 3394: 3390: 3386: 3382: 3378: 3374: 3370: 3366: 3362: 3358: 3357:DMACA reagent 3354: 3350: 3346: 3342: 3341:benzene rings 3338: 3337:primary amino 3334: 3330: 3326: 3322: 3318: 3308: 3306: 3302: 3298: 3294: 3290: 3286: 3282: 3278: 3275: 3271: 3267: 3263: 3259: 3255: 3251: 3247: 3243: 3239: 3235: 3231: 3227: 3223: 3218: 3214: 3210: 3206: 3202: 3198: 3193: 3191: 3183: 3178: 3169: 3167: 3163: 3158: 3156: 3152: 3148: 3144: 3140: 3136: 3131: 3129: 3122: 3118: 3114: 3106: 3102: 3098: 3097:basal ganglia 3094: 3086: 3082: 3075: 3071: 3067: 3060: 3053: 3046: 3038: 3031: 3027: 3023: 3019: 3015: 3010: 3008: 2998: 2994: 2990: 2979: 2976: 2973: 2972: 2968: 2965: 2962: 2961: 2957: 2954: 2951: 2950: 2946: 2944: 2938: 2937: 2933: 2931: 2925: 2924: 2913: 2908: 2903: 2902: 2898: 2893: 2888: 2887: 2876: 2871: 2866: 2865: 2861: 2856: 2851: 2850: 2843: 2834: 2829: 2824: 2823: 2819: 2814: 2809: 2808: 2804: 2802: 2796: 2795: 2791: 2789: 2783: 2782: 2778: 2776: 2770: 2769: 2765: 2763: 2757: 2756: 2752: 2750: 2744: 2743: 2739: 2737: 2731: 2730: 2726: 2724: 2718: 2717: 2713: 2711: 2705: 2704: 2700: 2698: 2692: 2691: 2687: 2685: 2679: 2678: 2674: 2672: 2666: 2665: 2661: 2659: 2653: 2652: 2648: 2646: 2640: 2639: 2635: 2633: 2627: 2626: 2622: 2620: 2614: 2613: 2609: 2607: 2601: 2600: 2596: 2594: 2588: 2587: 2583: 2581: 2575: 2574: 2570: 2568: 2562: 2561: 2553: 2550: 2549: 2540: 2535: 2521: 2520:in GM yeast. 2519: 2515: 2514: 2509: 2507: 2503: 2499: 2498:gene clusters 2495: 2494:P. cyanescens 2491: 2487: 2483: 2475: 2471: 2468: 2466: 2462: 2461:hydroxylation 2458: 2456: 2452: 2450: 2446: 2442: 2439: 2438: 2437: 2435: 2431: 2422: 2413: 2410: 2405: 2396: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2381:dimethylamine 2378: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2362:melting point 2359: 2355: 2351: 2347: 2343: 2338: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2320: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2305: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2279: 2277: 2276:intravenously 2273: 2262: 2260: 2257: 2253: 2249: 2243: 2241: 2235: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2221: 2217: 2213: 2208: 2204: 2199: 2196: 2192: 2188: 2184: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2167: 2164: 2163:Walter Pahnke 2160: 2156: 2152: 2148: 2147:consciousness 2143: 2141: 2137: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2120: 2115: 2111: 2107: 2097: 2088: 2086: 2082: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2046: 2041: 2039: 2035: 2031: 2027: 2022: 2015: 2010: 2001: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1986: 1981: 1979: 1978:schizophrenia 1975: 1971: 1967: 1966:derealization 1963: 1958: 1954: 1943: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1911: 1903: 1902:intravenously 1895: 1894:intravenously 1891: 1883: 1880:In rats, the 1878: 1876: 1870: 1868: 1858: 1856: 1855:birth defects 1852: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1822: 1818: 1816: 1811: 1801: 1799: 1789: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1760: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1742: 1737: 1728: 1726: 1722: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1676: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1644: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1618:Johns Hopkins 1615: 1611: 1607: 1602: 1599: 1598:Timothy Leary 1595: 1587: 1586:Timothy Leary 1583: 1578: 1569: 1566: 1562: 1557: 1552: 1546: 1544: 1543: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1512: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1480:Ralph Metzner 1477: 1472: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1453: 1451: 1450: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1432: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1421: 1416: 1412: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1393: 1385: 1384: 1378: 1371: 1366: 1357: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1323: 1322: 1317: 1312: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1229: 1227: 1226: 1221: 1217: 1212: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1172: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1148:Timothy Leary 1145: 1141: 1136: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1113: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1075: 1073: 1072:panic attacks 1069: 1065: 1061: 1060:sense of time 1057: 1054:, changes in 1053: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1012: 1008: 1002: 992: 985: 976: 971: 970: 967: 960: 951: 950: 947: 940: 936: 934: 933:Melting point 930: 923: 919: 918: 916: 913: 908: 901: 899: 895: 865: 863: 859: 854: 850: 846: 843: 841: 839:ECHA InfoCard 835: 827: 823: 822:DTXSID0048898 819: 818: 816: 807: 803: 796: 792: 791: 789: 787: 783: 776: 772: 771: 769: 767: 763: 756: 752: 751: 749: 747: 743: 736: 732: 731: 729: 727: 723: 716: 712: 711: 709: 707: 703: 696: 692: 691: 689: 687: 683: 676: 672: 671: 669: 662: 658: 651: 647: 646: 644: 642: 638: 629: 628: 625: 618: 613: 609: 605: 602: 600: 596: 581: 566: 563: 561: 557: 542: 527: 523: 520: 518: 511: 503: 500: 498: 494: 484: 479: 475: 473: 469: 465: 459: 450: 444: 435: 429: 425: 424:Demethylation 416: 410: 404: 400: 397: 395: 391: 387: 385: 381: 377: 373: 370: 368: 364: 360: 356: 350: 340: 338: 328: 326: 317: 314: 304: 295: 294: 292: 290: 286: 281: 274: 273: 271: 269: 265: 261: 257: 254: 252: 248: 242: 239: 236: 233: 232: 230: 228: 222: 218: 216: 210: 206: 204: 198: 189: 185: 181: 177: 173: 169: 165: 161: 157: 153: 149: 145: 139: 118: 117: 107: 66: 64:Pronunciation 62: 59:Clinical data 57: 50: 45: 38: 33: 19: 25938: 25922:Latrepirdine 25835:rescinnamine 25819:corynanthine 25773:Metralindole 25740: 25694:β-carbolines 25687: 25672:lysergamides 25663:Cyclic 3-OHM 25635:Zolmitriptan 25615:Frovatriptan 25574: 25535: 25531: 25522: 25518: 25512:-methyl-αMT) 25509: 25505: 25489:7-Methyl-αET 25484:7-Chloro-αMT 25479:6-Fluoro-αMT 25474:5-Methyl-αET 25449:5-Fluoro-αMT 25444:5-Fluoro-αET 25439:5-Ethoxy-αMT 25434:5-Chloro-αMT 25386:Piromelatine 25378: 25370: 25362: 25354: 25292: 25236: 25224: 25223:Psilacetin ( 25180: 25115:Idalopirdine 25005:-tryptophan) 24961:7-Methyl-DMT 24956:6-Fluoro-DMT 24941:5,6-MDO-MiPT 24931:5,6-MDO-DiPT 24926:5,6-MeO-MiPT 24906:5-Methyl-DMT 24886:5-MeO-NBpBrT 24813: 24809: 24783:5-Fluoro-MET 24778:5-Fluoro-EPT 24773:5-Fluoro-DMT 24768:5-Fluoro-DET 24758:5-Ethoxy-DMT 24753:5-Chloro-DMT 24733:4,5-MDO-DiPT 24550: 24546: 24463: 24454: 24441: 24432: 24423: 24414: 24403: 24402: 24358: 24346:Vortioxetine 24332:fluphenazine 24306:clomipramine 24201:JNJ-18038683 24191:methysergide 24102:fluperlapine 24082:aripiprazole 24071:Antagonists: 24070: 24035:frovatriptan 23967: 23908: 23873:clomipramine 23781:Landipirdine 23771:Idalopirdine 23756:Cerlapirdine 23703:fluperlapine 23687:aripiprazole 23675:Antagonists: 23674: 23583:methysergide 23547: 23508:methysergide 23496: 23467:Antagonists: 23466: 23417: 23351:Antagonists: 23350: 23293:Prucalopride 23239: 23197: 23175:Vortioxetine 23089:Palonosetron 22978:Antagonists: 22977: 22855: 22787: 22769:thioridazine 22605:Medifoxamine 22560:methysergide 22512:Deramciclane 22466:paliperidone 22450:fluperlapine 22421:Antagonists: 22420: 22382: 22300:aripiprazole 22183:ergine (LSA) 22026: 21989: 21894:Sarpogrelate 21744:aripiprazole 21728:Antagonists: 21727: 21709: 21604:methysergide 21539:fenfluramine 21523:Amphetamines 21509: 21468: 21446:Volinanserin 21432:thioridazine 21404:perphenazine 21392:fluphenazine 21334:Teniloxazine 21285:Sarpogrelate 21275:Roluperidone 21245:Pimavanserin 21225:Nelotanserin 21200:Medifoxamine 21185:Landipirdine 21145:methysergide 21116:Eplivanserin 21106:Deramciclane 21061:paliperidone 21029:fluperlapine 21017:clocapramine 21013:carpipramine 20997:aripiprazole 20942:5-MeO-NBpBrT 20934:Antagonists: 20933: 20915: 20706:ergine (LSA) 20528:2CBFly-NBOMe 20487: 20435:Antagonists: 20434: 20378:methysergide 20349: 20305: 20290:Antagonists: 20289: 20251:methysergide 20238: 20188: 20093:Antagonists: 20092: 20049:zolmitriptan 20033:frovatriptan 19967:methysergide 19924: 19879: 19775:Antagonists: 19774: 19762:Vortioxetine 19729:zolmitriptan 19684:methysergide 19625: 19578: 19546:Spiroxatrine 19365:Antagonists: 19364: 19320: 19115:methysergide 19032:tandospirone 18978:aripiprazole 18968:vortioxetine 18921: 18749:Salvinorin A 18669:Levallorphan 18460: 18379:Salvinorin A 18272:WIN 55,212-2 18037:CUMYL-PINACA 18022:APP-FUBINACA 18007:AMB-FUBINACA 18002:ADSB-FUB-187 17987:ADB-FUBINACA 17982:ADB-CHMINACA 17887:5F-AB-PINACA 17539: 17478: 17432: 17191: 17161:Salvinorin A 17133:Cannabinoids 17111:Triprolidine 17086:Promethazine 17081:Procyclidine 17061:Orphenadrine 16891:Benzatropine 16580:Eticyclidine 16284:Aeruginascin 16195: 16158: 16119:Coronaridine 16065: 16055: 16018: 16014: 15995: 15991: 15982: 15978: 15962:5,6-diBr-DMT 15919: 15882: 15840: 15803: 15774:4,5-DHP-α-MT 15763: 15687:Fenfluramine 15520:Metaescaline 15500:Isobuscaline 15329: 15249: 15194: 15150: 15033:25I-NMe7DHBF 15023:25B-NMe7Indz 15013:25B-NMe7DHBF 14984: 14980: 14951:N-Ethyl-2C-B 14906:2CBFly-NBOMe 14861:25I-N2Nap1OH 14717: 14639: 14566: 14498: 14488:25TFM-NB4OMe 14420: 14410:25TFM-NB3OMe 14342: 14314: 14303: 14299: 13958: 13921:Methysergide 13726:2CBFly-NBOMe 13692:Psychedelics 13598: 13594: 13556: 13552: 13518: 13514: 13508: 13498:September 5, 13496:. Retrieved 13491: 13482: 13457: 13453: 13447: 13412: 13408: 13398: 13373: 13369: 13362: 13337: 13333: 13327: 13292: 13288: 13278: 13253: 13250:N Engl J Med 13249: 13205: 13201: 13191: 13166: 13163:N Engl J Med 13162: 13118: 13114: 13054: 13050: 13040: 13030:September 7, 13028:. Retrieved 13013: 13001:. Retrieved 12987: 12952: 12948: 12938: 12903: 12899: 12889: 12852: 12848: 12838: 12813: 12809: 12803: 12770: 12766: 12760: 12748:. Retrieved 12705: 12677:February 27, 12675:. Retrieved 12655: 12648: 12623: 12619: 12613: 12578: 12574: 12564: 12531: 12527: 12521: 12509:. Retrieved 12489: 12477:. Retrieved 12466:The Guardian 12465: 12455: 12443:. Retrieved 12439: 12429: 12410: 12404: 12385: 12381: 12332: 12328: 12318: 12313: (1999). 12306: 12294:. Retrieved 12290: 12281: 12269:. Retrieved 12265: 12256: 12244:. Retrieved 12239: 12230: 12218:. Retrieved 12213: 12204: 12189: 12186: 12179:. Retrieved 12164: 12152:. Retrieved 12145:the original 12140: 12127: 12092: 12088: 12078: 12066:. 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Retrieved 10884: 10874: 10849: 10845: 10839: 10815:(1): 45–49. 10812: 10808: 10798: 10779: 10773: 10736: 10732: 10722: 10697: 10693: 10687: 10662: 10658: 10652: 10627: 10623: 10577: 10573: 10563: 10538: 10534: 10528: 10516:. Retrieved 10507: 10498: 10488:February 27, 10486:. Retrieved 10466: 10459: 10422: 10418: 10370: 10366: 10316: 10312: 10289:September 5, 10287:. Retrieved 10282: 10273: 10263:September 5, 10261:. Retrieved 10256: 10247: 10237:September 5, 10235:. Retrieved 10231: 10221: 10211:September 5, 10209:. Retrieved 10205: 10195: 10160: 10156: 10146: 10111: 10107: 10097: 10055:(2): e9019. 10052: 10048: 10038: 10013: 10009: 9996: 9959: 9955: 9945: 9918: 9914: 9904: 9861: 9857: 9847: 9812: 9808: 9798: 9786:. Retrieved 9761: 9755: 9749: 9741: 9706: 9702: 9662: 9658: 9648: 9623: 9619: 9571: 9567: 9561: 9528:(2): 91–96. 9525: 9521: 9469: 9465: 9455: 9445:November 21, 9443:. Retrieved 9432: 9387: 9383: 9360:February 27, 9358:. Retrieved 9339: 9329: 9317:. Retrieved 9308: 9299: 9289:February 12, 9287:. Retrieved 9278: 9268: 9217: 9213: 9203: 9191:. Retrieved 9177: 9166:the original 9137: 9133: 9120: 9095: 9091: 9085: 9076: 9072: 9036: 9029: 9017:. Retrieved 9010:the original 8979: 8975: 8950: 8946: 8940: 8907: 8903: 8897: 8885:. Retrieved 8847: 8843: 8830: 8810: 8803: 8784: 8778: 8755: 8745: 8710: 8706: 8658: 8654: 8644: 8621: 8611: 8599:. Retrieved 8587: 8583: 8570: 8545: 8541: 8535: 8502: 8498: 8456: 8452: 8446: 8416:(1): 49–53. 8413: 8409: 8403: 8370: 8366: 8360: 8335: 8331: 8301: 8297: 8291: 8258: 8254: 8248: 8237:the original 8208: 8204: 8155: 8151: 8145: 8137:the original 8132: 8128: 8118: 8109: 8105: 8098: 8088:February 27, 8086:. Retrieved 8066: 8059: 8049:November 16, 8047:. Retrieved 8019: 8015: 8002: 7978: 7935: 7931: 7912:February 27, 7910:. Retrieved 7890: 7883: 7873:February 27, 7871:. Retrieved 7851: 7844: 7832:. Retrieved 7782: 7778: 7768: 7731: 7727: 7717: 7705:. Retrieved 7677: 7670: 7658:. Retrieved 7649: 7645: 7616:. Retrieved 7602: 7567: 7563: 7553: 7518: 7514: 7504: 7479: 7475: 7469: 7442: 7438: 7406: 7405:(in Dutch). 7402: 7358: 7354: 7308: 7304: 7294: 7282:. Retrieved 7246: 7242: 7229: 7199:(1): 51–55. 7196: 7192: 7186: 7156:(1): 50–64. 7153: 7149: 7121: 7115: 7096: 7092: 7067: 7063: 7038: 7034: 7001: 6997: 6967:(1): 29–38. 6964: 6960: 6951: 6942: 6938: 6932: 6922:December 27, 6920:. Retrieved 6900: 6896: 6883: 6873:February 21, 6871:. Retrieved 6857: 6825:(1): 49–69. 6822: 6818: 6808: 6773: 6769: 6746:February 27, 6744:. Retrieved 6721: 6694:. Retrieved 6658: 6654: 6601: 6597: 6587: 6575:. Retrieved 6561: 6550:the original 6529: 6525: 6462: 6458: 6452: 6440:. Retrieved 6425: 6413:. Retrieved 6402: 6392: 6359: 6355: 6336:September 8, 6334:. Retrieved 6286:September 7, 6284:. Retrieved 6254:(1): 16–21. 6251: 6247: 6237: 6218: 6212: 6193: 6169:. Retrieved 6162:the original 6144:(6): 77–79. 6141: 6137: 6124: 6112:. Retrieved 6108: 6099: 6083:(1): 47–58. 6080: 6076: 6053:November 20, 6051:. Retrieved 6044:the original 6013: 6009: 5996: 5982:(2): 61–72. 5979: 5975: 5969: 5936: 5932: 5904: 5881: 5877: 5871: 5861:February 27, 5859:. Retrieved 5842: 5832: 5813: 5785: 5779: 5763:(2): 71–80. 5760: 5756: 5746: 5726: 5690: 5654: 5607: 5603: 5599: 5593: 5584: 5580: 5570: 5544:. Retrieved 5534: 5489: 5485: 5460:. Retrieved 5438: 5431: 5425: 5384:(1): 41–52. 5381: 5377: 5327: 5323: 5305: 5275: 5271: 5261: 5253: 5231: 5225: 5200: 5196: 5149: 5145: 5099: 5095: 5052:. Retrieved 5030: 4993: 4989: 4979: 4945:(10): 2948. 4942: 4938: 4903:February 27, 4901:. Retrieved 4881: 4828: 4824: 4782: 4778: 4734: 4730: 4708: 4680: 4676: 4612: 4608: 4570:, including 4562: 4552: 4544: 4539: 4529: 4516: 4509:spore prints 4493:Planetahongo 4483:(Portugal), 4457:MushroomJohn 4431: 4414: 4400:Soma (drink) 4377: 4364:Fungi portal 4329:valvulopathy 4322: 4296: 4264:escitalopram 4249: 4190:double-blind 4180: 4116: 4095: 4065: 4062: 4050: 4044: 4025: 4022: 4018: 4006: 3988: 3986: 3963: 3897:Legal status 3861: 3855: 3843:fruit bodies 3824: 3813: 3794: 3775: 3750: 3744: 3738: 3734: 3711:gene cluster 3705: 3699: 3693: 3687: 3681: 3675: 3669: 3663: 3657: 3651: 3645: 3639: 3625: 3613: 3601: 3589: 3577: 3565: 3553: 3541: 3529: 3517: 3505: 3493: 3481: 3465: 3417: 3413:electrospray 3405:fluorescence 3343:, including 3329:Marquis test 3314: 3293:acetaldehyde 3279: 3254:demethylated 3249: 3194: 3187: 3159: 3132: 3105:dopaminergic 3047:, including 3024:for several 3011: 3004: 2996: 2992: 2980:>30,000 ( 2914:>10,000 ( 2877:>10,000 ( 2524:Pharmacology 2517: 2511: 2510: 2505: 2501: 2493: 2489: 2485: 2481: 2479: 2469: 2434:biosynthesis 2428: 2416:Biosynthesis 2402: 2385:zwitterionic 2339: 2323:antioxidants 2290: 2268: 2251: 2244: 2236: 2200: 2195:double-blind 2183:Huston Smith 2169:In the 1962 2168: 2144: 2117: 2103: 2042: 2019: 1998:polydrug use 1985:neuroimaging 1982: 1964:, prolonged 1949: 1909: 1879: 1871: 1864: 1828: 1819: 1807: 1795: 1780: 1761: 1753:tapping rate 1746: 1701:hypertension 1682: 1645: 1603: 1591: 1547: 1540: 1536: 1529:Jonathan Ott 1520: 1513: 1508: 1504: 1473: 1454: 1447: 1433: 1428: 1418: 1389: 1381: 1369: 1349: 1345: 1331:bolond gomba 1330: 1319: 1313: 1285:Moctezuma II 1280: 1264: 1255:cultures of 1230: 1223: 1213: 1198: 1137: 1110: 1076: 1020: 1016: 1010: 1006: 1004: 1000: 999: 988: 795:ChEMBL194378 607: 514:Elimination 485:-glucuronide 482: 325:Schedule III 289:Legal status 283:Legal status 260:hallucinogen 183: 179: 175: 171: 167: 163: 159: 155: 151: 18: 26019:naratriptan 25997:Tepirindole 25831:deserpidine 25811:rauwolscine 25759:noribogaine 25630:Sumatriptan 25625:Rizatriptan 25605:Donitriptan 25600:Almotriptan 25282:Z2876442907 25257:Solypertine 25165:Milipertine 25135:Lespedamine 24936:5,6-MDO-DMT 24916:5-MT-NB3OMe 24881:5-MeO-pyr-T 24798:5-MeO-2-TMT 24763:5-Ethyl-DMT 24743:5-Bromo-DMT 24728:4,5-MDO-DMT 24558:4,5-DHP-DMT 24517:Tryptamines 24509:Tryptamines 24416:Adrenergics 24376:Piperazines 24292:mirtazapine 24284:maprotiline 24195:sergolexole 24187:metergoline 24183:mesulergine 24163:cabergoline 24142:EGIS-12,233 24122:ziprasidone 24110:risperidone 24094:clorotepine 24078:amisulpride 24041:Tryptamines 23934:Piperazines 23791:Masupirdine 23761:EGIS-12,233 23707:iloperidone 23695:clorotepine 23599:Tryptamines 23579:metergoline 23575:mesulergine 23514:Piperazines 23504:metergoline 23444:Tryptamines 23328:Usmarapride 23283:Minesapride 23258:Cinitapride 23206:Piperazines 23165:sevoflurane 23142:Tropisetron 23137:Tropanserin 23126:mirtazapine 23084:Ondansetron 23064:Granisetron 23039:Cilansetron 23024:Batanopride 22991:Arazasetron 22986:Anpirtoline 22925:Tryptamines 22887:Piperazines 22765:pipamperone 22714:mirtazapine 22706:maprotiline 22680:SDZ SER-082 22630:Propranolol 22620:Pirenperone 22570:Etoperidone 22564:sergolexole 22556:metergoline 22552:mesulergine 22527:Eltoprazine 22482:ziprasidone 22474:risperidone 22454:iloperidone 22442:clorotepine 22429:Agomelatine 22424:Adatanserin 22393:Vabicaserin 22347:Tryptamines 22296:Piperazines 22175:cabergoline 21951:mirtazapine 21929:SDZ SER-082 21879:Rauwolscine 21869:Propranolol 21859:Pirenperone 21828:mesulergine 21788:ziprasidone 21784:risperidone 21776:pipamperone 21756:cariprazine 21740:amisulpride 21731:Agomelatine 21666:Tryptamines 21641:Piperazines 21584:cabergoline 21480:nicergoline 21436:thiothixene 21412:pipamperone 21396:haloperidol 21368:mirtazapine 21360:maprotiline 21306:mepiprazole 21294:etoperidone 21265:Rauwolscine 21260:Pruvanserin 21250:Pirenperone 21165:Glemanserin 21160:Flibanserin 21149:sergolexole 21141:metergoline 21137:mesulergine 21081:ziprasidone 21077:zicronapine 21069:risperidone 21053:ocaperidone 21049:mosapramine 21037:iloperidone 21033:gevotroline 21021:clorotepine 21005:blonanserin 20970:hydroxyzine 20952:Adatanserin 20880:Tryptamines 20847:Piperazines 20702:cabergoline 20520:2CBCB-NBOMe 20516:25TFM-NBOMe 20417:Tryptamines 20411:sumatriptan 20407:naratriptan 20272:Tryptamines 20192:Acetryptine 20176:Ziprasidone 20115:metergoline 20055:Tryptamines 20045:sumatriptan 20041:rizatriptan 20037:naratriptan 20025:donitriptan 20017:almotriptan 19951:cabergoline 19887:cabergoline 19826:metergoline 19807:propranolol 19740:Tryptamines 19725:sumatriptan 19717:donitriptan 19659:Eltoprazine 19629:Anpirtoline 19582:Acetryptine 19531:SDZ 216-525 19471:Flopropione 19460:metergoline 19431:propranolol 19376:risperidone 19372:iloperidone 19285:Tryptamines 19230:Rauwolscine 19220:Pardoprunox 19160:Flibanserin 19091:cabergoline 19078:Enciprazine 19073:Eltoprazine 19053:Cannabidiol 19028:perospirone 19006:ziprasidone 18990:cariprazine 18944:etoperidone 18935:Amphetamine 18930:Adatanserin 18802:Galantamine 18754:Spiradoline 18744:Racemorphan 18729:Phenazocine 18724:Pentazocine 18714:Noribogaine 18679:Levorphanol 18619:Cyclazocine 18614:Butorphanol 18604:Bremazocine 18561:Haloalkanes 18447:Eszopiclone 18405:amphetamine 18364:Pramipexole 18324:Cabergoline 18309:Apomorphine 18107:MDMB-CHMICA 18077:FUB-JWH-018 18072:FUB-APINACA 17967:AB-FUBINACA 17962:AB-CHMINACA 17957:AB-CHFUPYCA 17096:Tolterodine 17091:Scopolamine 17071:Pheniramine 17036:Hyoscyamine 16951:CAR-302,668 16946:CAR-302,537 16941:CAR-302,368 16936:CAR-302,282 16931:CAR-302,196 16926:CAR-301,060 16921:CAR-226,086 16906:BRN-1484501 16896:Benzydamine 16886:Benactyzine 16871:antagonists 16827:Perzinfotel 16822:Noribogaine 16782:Dizocilpine 16731:Racemorphan 16721:Dextrorphan 16678:Diphenidine 16662:Rimantadine 16644:Adamantanes 16625:Gacyclidine 16517:PCP-related 16503:Norketamine 16466:Ethketamine 16435:hexylamines 16422:antagonists 16380:empathogens 16139:Noribogaine 15972:5-Bromo-DMT 15932:4,5-DHP-DMT 15754:Tryptamines 15726:Piperazines 15697:Macromerine 15018:25B-NMe7Ind 15008:25B-NMe7Box 15003:25B-NMe7Bim 14946:MDPEA-NBOMe 14916:5-APB-NBOMe 14901:2CBCB-NBOMe 14810:25TFM-NBOMe 14483:25T7-NB4OMe 14478:25T4-NB4OMe 14473:25T2-NB4OMe 14405:25T7-NB3OMe 14400:25T4-NB3OMe 14395:25T2-NB3OMe 13851:Ergometrine 13713:Benzofurans 13492:AdisInsight 13295:: e078607. 13003:December 3, 12750:December 4, 12581:: 143–166. 11872:December 4, 11715:: 229–235. 11498:October 19, 11487:: 189–280. 11309:: 287–290. 10739:: 1391689. 10518:January 20, 9788:December 3, 9390:(1): 3–27. 8887:October 26, 8205:NeuroReport 7734:: 901–910. 7361:(1): 3–25. 5901:Stafford PJ 5884:(1): 58–79. 5462:December 4, 5427:Merck Index 5307:hours.12,13 5152:: 1040217. 4996:: 1406888. 4615:: 143–166. 4568:self-report 4481:Enteogeneos 4475:(Hungary), 4467:(Denmark), 4304:(i.e., the 4292:effect size 4072:Matlatzinca 3987:Psilocybin 3929: Legal 3886:oxidization 3591:P. stuntzii 3555:P. cubensis 3448:immunoassay 3420:body fluids 3345:amphetamine 3305:β-carboline 3222:glucuronide 3217:metabolites 3197:metabolized 3101:haloperidol 2947:>10,000 2934:>10,000 2792:>10,000 2779:>10,000 2675:>10,000 2554:Affinity (K 2490:P. cubensis 2482:P. cubensis 2425:psilocybin. 2360:. It has a 2304:substituent 2191:Rick Doblin 2100:volunteers. 1957:convulsions 1946:Psychiatric 1919:lethal dose 1843:self-injury 1833:. A common 1723:levels, or 1721:blood sugar 1717:electrolyte 1711:(25%); and 1697:hypotension 1656:personality 1626:synesthesia 1608:, joy, and 1305:Mesoamerica 1277:Diego Durán 1265:teonanácatl 1257:Mesoamerica 1216:pictographs 1099:Mesoamerica 1077:Imagery in 1032:200 species 1025:psychedelic 905: g·mol 845:100.007.542 615:Identifiers 481:• Psilocin- 472:Metabolites 428:deamination 241:intravenous 147:Other names 30:Psilocybine 26081:Psilocybin 26061:Entheogens 26050:Categories 26011:avitriptan 26002:Tetrindole 25979:5-MeO-DiBF 25961:Sertindole 25941:)-69 (3IQ) 25932:Pirlindole 25907:EMD-386088 25823:ajmalicine 25815:spegatrine 25793:PNU-181731 25734:tryptoline 25682:Flucindole 25658:Ciclindole 25653:Bay R 1531 25610:Eletriptan 25469:5-MeO-MPMI 25459:5-MeO-αET 25454:5-iPrO-αMT 25277:Yuremamine 25272:Tryptophan 25267:Tryptamine 25213:Oxypertine 25125:Indorenate 25025:CP-132,484 24871:5-MeO-MiPT 24861:5-MeO-MALT 24851:5-MeO-EiPT 24836:5-MeO-DiPT 24821:5-MeO-DALT 24718:4-MeO-MiPT 24708:4-MeO-DiPT 24703:4-HO-pyr-T 24668:4-HO-McPeT 24603:4-AcO-MiPT 24588:4-AcO-MALT 24573:4-AcO-DiPT 24563:4-AcO-DALT 24310:imipramine 24271:SSR-181507 24246:SB-656104A 24221:Ritanserin 24211:LY-215,840 24206:Ketanserin 24179:LY-215,840 24171:ergotamine 24155:amesergide 24132:Butaclamol 24118:tiospirone 24114:sertindole 24106:olanzapine 23981:Bifeprunox 23924:lergotrile 23821:Ro 63-0563 23816:Ro 04-6790 23811:Ritanserin 23776:Ketanserin 23715:tiospirone 23711:olanzapine 23662:WAY-208466 23657:WAY-181187 23651:tryptamine 23631:EMD-386088 23563:ergotamine 23485:Ritanserin 23429:ergotamine 23333:Velusetrag 23303:Renzapride 23185:Zatosetron 23104:Ricasetron 23099:Renzapride 23094:Ramosetron 23074:Lerisetron 23054:Dolasetron 23013:quetiapine 23009:olanzapine 22951:isoflurane 22775:Xylamidine 22698:aptazapine 22635:Ritanserin 22615:Nefazodone 22590:Ketanserin 22585:Irindalone 22575:Fluoxetine 22548:LY-215,840 22536:amesergide 22522:Dotarizine 22502:Cinanserin 22492:Captodiame 22478:sertindole 22470:quetiapine 22462:olanzapine 22403:WAY-161503 22387:tryptamine 22383:psilocybin 22327:PNU-181731 22286:lophophine 22272:Oxaflozane 22230:Lorcaserin 22225:Flumexadol 22187:ergotamine 22068:5-MeO-DiPT 21884:Ritanserin 21849:Metadoxine 21834:Ketanserin 21808:amesergide 21780:quetiapine 21772:olanzapine 21714:tryptamine 21710:psilocybin 21614:Lorcaserin 21596:ergotamine 21451:Xylamidine 21420:setoperone 21352:aptazapine 21339:Temanogrel 21310:nefazodone 21302:lubazodone 21270:Ritanserin 21235:Pelanserin 21175:Ketanserin 21170:Irindalone 21155:Fananserin 21133:LY-215,840 21125:amesergide 21111:Dotarizine 21096:Cinanserin 21073:sertindole 21065:quetiapine 21057:olanzapine 21041:lurasidone 20993:amperozide 20957:Altanserin 20937:5-I-R91150 20920:tryptamine 20916:psilocybin 20837:lophophine 20818:PNU-181731 20803:Oxaflozane 20771:Lorcaserin 20766:Jimscaline 20756:Flumexadol 20714:ergotamine 20582:5-MeO-DiPT 20403:eletriptan 20384:Lasmiditan 20358:CP-122,288 20276:tryptamine 20266:eletriptan 20166:Ritanserin 20126:Ketanserin 20101:BRL-15,572 20029:eletriptan 20021:avitriptan 19998:PNU-142633 19993:PNU-109291 19959:ergotamine 19928:CP-122,288 19837:Isamoltane 19811:tertatolol 19803:penbutolol 19799:oxprenolol 19795:isamoltane 19787:alprenolol 19778:AR-A000002 19721:eletriptan 19713:avitriptan 19676:ergotamine 19649:CP-122,288 19634:CGS-12066A 19587:Carvedilol 19566:Xylamidine 19561:WAY-100635 19556:WAY-100135 19526:SB-649,915 19516:Robalzotan 19481:Isamoltane 19451:Dotarizine 19435:tertatolol 19419:penbutolol 19415:oxprenolol 19411:isamoltane 19395:alprenolol 19380:sertindole 19347:Xaliproden 19342:Vilazodone 19332:U-92,016-A 19321:psilocybin 19309:indorenate 19280:Sunepitron 19275:SSR-181507 19225:Piclozotan 19215:Oxaflozane 19210:Osemozotan 19175:Lesopitron 19165:Flumexadol 19155:Flesinoxan 19099:ergotamine 19038:Bay R 1531 19020:eptapirone 19012:Azapirones 19002:quetiapine 18998:lurasidone 18964:vilazodone 18952:nefazodone 18887:modulators 18823:Isoaminile 18784:Oneirogens 18734:Proxorphan 18719:Oxilorphan 18709:Nalorphine 18699:Nalbuphine 18689:Metazocine 18664:Ketazocine 18644:Herkinorin 18624:Cyclorphan 18571:Chloroform 18413:precursors 18374:Rotigotine 18369:Ropinirole 18344:Nuciferine 18152:NESS-040C5 18032:CUMYL-PICA 17992:ADB-PINACA 17932:5F-SDB-006 17912:5F-APINACA 17066:Oxybutynin 17056:Mepyramine 17006:Doxylamine 16966:Clemastine 16861:Deliriants 16837:Remacemide 16812:Neramexane 16792:Herkinorin 16777:Dexoxadrol 16772:Delucemine 16703:Morphinans 16683:Ephenidine 16652:Amantadine 16559:3-MeO-PCPy 16554:3-MeO-PCPr 16544:3-MeO-PCMo 16524:2'-Oxo-PCE 16508:Tiletamine 16472:Esketamine 16455:Arketamine 16433:Arylcyclo‐ 16394:and other 16364:Lorcaserin 16289:Baeocystin 16279:5-MeO-MPMI 16274:5-MeO-MALT 16269:5-MeO-EiPT 16149:Voacangine 15905:5-MeO-DiPT 15826:5-MeO-DALT 15784:5-MeO-α-MT 15779:5-MeO-α-ET 15530:Proscaline 15510:Jimscaline 15379:Lophophine 15043:25I-NMeTHF 15038:25I-NMeFur 15028:25B-NMePyr 14998:25B-NMe7BT 14993:25B-NMe7BF 14941:FECIMBI-36 14911:4-EA-NBOMe 14891:25I-NBMeOH 14876:25I-NB34MD 14871:25I-N4MT3M 14866:25I-N3MT2M 14856:25C-NBOiPr 14841:25B-NB25DM 14836:25B-NB23DM 14831:25B-NAcPip 14826:25B-N1POMe 14805:25T7-NBOMe 14800:25T4-NBOMe 14795:25T2-NBOMe 14775:25iP-NBOMe 14740:25CN-NBOMe 14707:25TFM-NBOH 14629:25TFM-NBMD 14468:25P-NB4OMe 14463:25N-NB4OMe 14458:25I-NB4OMe 14453:25H-NB4OMe 14448:25E-NB4OMe 14443:25D-NB4OMe 14438:25C-NB4OMe 14433:25B-NB4OMe 14390:25P-NB3OMe 14385:25N-NB3OMe 14380:25I-NB3OMe 14375:25H-NB3OMe 14370:25E-NB3OMe 14365:25D-NB3OMe 14360:25C-NB3OMe 14355:25B-NB3OMe 13946:Phenethyl‐ 13796:1cP-AL-LAD 13786:1P-ETH-LAD 13736:5-MeO-DiBF 13521:: 115886. 13057:(8): 793. 12511:August 23, 12181:January 7, 12132:Jerome L. 11815:: 107–124. 11647:August 29, 11580:The Genus 11454:August 24, 10998:(1): 1–8. 10425:: 724606. 10319:: 727117. 9962:(1): 241. 9864:(1): 712. 9764:(39): 11. 9748:"Modified 9079:(1): 1–25. 8601:August 14, 7934:(Review). 7785:: 100557. 7707:August 23, 7660:August 23, 7618:August 23, 7482:: 107475. 7445:: 105325. 7284:August 16, 6315:(EMCDDA). 5054:August 27, 4582:References 4534:fatality". 4491:(Norway), 4471:(France), 4331:caused by 4177:Depression 4111:See also: 4090:, and the 3882:precursors 3874:baeocystin 3870:germinated 3851:dry weight 3778:mushrooms. 3719:subtropics 3689:Panaeolina 3659:Copelandia 3647:Gymnopilus 3495:P. serbica 3455:settings. 3440:extraction 3143:motivation 3085:ketanserin 3081:antagonist 2766:101–8,900 2506:Gymnopilus 2449:tryptamine 2445:tryptophan 2354:chloroform 2319:tryptophan 2316:amino acid 2301:aminoethyl 2272:herbal tea 2124:sacraments 2110:divinatory 2069:stimulants 2065:anxiolytic 1990:Flashbacks 1689:heart rate 1672:meditation 1634:regression 1610:depression 1551:smartshops 1501:on himself 1425:Roger Heim 1354:Green Park 1309:entheogens 1289:Franciscan 1103:divinatory 1056:perception 1001:Psilocybin 910:3D model ( 898:Molar mass 775:CHEBI:8614 735:2RV7212BP0 706:ChemSpider 641:CAS Number 624:IUPAC name 589:minutes (1 528:): 2.1–3.7 394:Metabolism 349:Schedule I 251:Drug class 201:Dependence 22:Psilocybin 26030:VU6067416 26015:LY-334370 25987:dimemebfe 25956:RU-24,969 25951:Ro60-0213 25946:Ro60-0175 25927:LY-367265 25897:BRL-54443 25892:AL-38022A 25882:AAZ-A-154 25827:reserpine 25807:yohimbine 25803:Yohimbans 25788:PNU-22394 25783:PHA-57378 25755:ibogamine 25743:alkaloids 25710:harmaline 25698:6-MeO-THH 25690:alkaloids 25668:Ergolines 25568:CP-135807 25563:BW-723C86 25464:5-MeO-αMT 25348:Melatonin 25343:Luzindole 24896:5-MeS-DMT 24876:5-MeO-NMT 24866:5-MeO-MET 24856:5-MeO-EPT 24846:5-MeO-DPT 24841:5-MeO-DMT 24831:5-MeO-DET 24826:5-MeO-DBT 24788:5-HO-DiPT 24723:4-PrO-DMT 24713:4-MeO-DMT 24698:4-HO-PiPT 24688:4-HO-NALT 24683:4-HO-MsBT 24673:4-HO-MiPT 24663:4-HO-McPT 24653:4-HO-MALT 24643:4-HO-DSBT 24633:4-HO-DiPT 24618:4-HO-DALT 24598:4-AcO-DPT 24593:4-AcO-MET 24583:4-AcO-NMT 24578:4-AcO-EPT 24568:4-AcO-DET 24404:See also: 24370:pergolide 24362:Ergolines 24288:mianserin 24280:amoxapine 24266:Spiperone 24251:SB-691673 24241:SB-656104 24236:SB-269970 24231:SB-258741 24226:SB-258719 24147:Ergolines 24098:clozapine 24086:asenapine 24057:N-Me-5-HT 24053:bufotenin 24021:Sarizotan 24016:RU-24,969 23991:Ergolines 23971:8-OH-DPAT 23968:Agonists: 23928:pergolide 23912:Ergolines 23859:mianserin 23855:amoxapine 23846:SB-742457 23841:SB-399885 23836:SB-357134 23831:SB-271046 23826:SB-258585 23806:PRX-07034 23766:GW-742457 23751:BVT-74316 23741:BGC20-760 23699:clozapine 23691:asenapine 23643:N-Me-5-HT 23639:LY-586713 23619:Bufotenin 23603:2-Me-5-HT 23551:Ergolines 23548:Agonists: 23500:Ergolines 23490:SB-699551 23470:Asenapine 23421:Ergolines 23418:Agonists: 23389:SB-204070 23384:SB-203186 23369:Piboserod 23359:GR-125487 23354:GR-113808 23338:Zacopride 23323:Tegaserod 23313:RS-67,506 23308:RS-67,333 23298:PRX-03140 23288:Mosapride 23273:Dazopride 23268:CJ-033466 23263:Cisapride 23253:Capeserod 23240:Agonists: 23180:Zacopride 23122:mianserin 23118:amoxapine 23079:Memantine 23049:Dazopride 23034:Bupropion 23019:Azasetron 23005:clozapine 22981:Alosetron 22947:halothane 22929:2-Me-5-HT 22920:SR-57227A 22899:quipazine 22856:Agonists: 22796:Ergolines 22791:Efavirenz 22730:Trazodone 22710:mianserin 22694:amoxapine 22675:SB-243213 22670:SB-242084 22665:SB-228357 22660:SB-221284 22655:SB-206553 22650:SB-200646 22640:RS-102221 22625:Pizotifen 22595:Ketotifen 22580:FR-260010 22532:Ergolines 22458:melperone 22446:clozapine 22438:asenapine 22359:bufotenin 22337:Ro60-0213 22332:Ro60-0175 22322:PNU-22394 22312:quipazine 22290:mescaline 22277:PHA-57378 22267:ORG-37684 22262:ORG-12962 22219:pergolide 22167:Ergolines 22140:Dimemebfe 22135:CP-809101 22130:Alstonine 22125:AL-38022A 22106:α-Me-5-HT 22102:5-MeO-αMT 22098:5-MeO-αET 22076:5-MeO-DPT 22072:5-MeO-DMT 22064:5-MeO-DET 22027:Agonists: 21993:Ergolines 21977:Yohimbine 21957:Trazodone 21947:mianserin 21943:amoxapine 21934:Tegaserod 21924:SB-228357 21919:SB-221284 21914:SB-215505 21909:SB-206553 21904:SB-204741 21899:SB-200646 21889:RS-127445 21874:PRX-08066 21864:Pizotifen 21839:LY-393558 21824:LY-272015 21804:Ergolines 21799:EGIS-7625 21760:clozapine 21748:asenapine 21686:bufotenin 21682:α-Me-5-HT 21656:Ro60-0175 21651:PNU-22394 21608:pergolide 21580:Ergolines 21553:BW-723C86 21510:Agonists: 21472:Ergolines 21456:Yohimbine 21428:spiramide 21424:spiperone 21364:mianserin 21348:amoxapine 21324:SR-46349B 21318:trazodone 21255:Pizotifen 21220:Nantenine 21190:LY-393558 21121:Ergolines 21045:melperone 21025:clozapine 21001:asenapine 20978:perlapine 20974:ketotifen 20892:bufotenin 20855:quipazine 20841:mescaline 20813:PNU-22394 20808:PHA-57378 20761:IHCH-7113 20750:pergolide 20686:Ergolines 20681:Efavirenz 20649:Dimemebfe 20639:AL-37350A 20620:α-Me-5-HT 20616:5-MeO-αMT 20612:5-MeO-αET 20590:5-MeO-DPT 20586:5-MeO-DMT 20578:5-MeO-DET 20524:25CN-NBOH 20512:25C-NBOMe 20508:25B-NBOMe 20504:25I-NBOMe 20488:Agonists: 20443:Mianserin 20389:LY-334370 20363:Ergolines 20353:BRL-54443 20350:Agonists: 20309:Ergolines 20247:Ergolines 20242:BRL-54443 20239:Agonists: 20209:pergolide 20197:Ergolines 20171:Yohimbine 20161:Mianserin 20151:LY-456220 20146:LY-456219 20141:LY-393558 20136:LY-367642 20131:LY-310762 20121:GR-127935 20111:Ergolines 20106:Elzasonan 20096:Alniditan 19943:Ergolines 19938:CP-286601 19933:CP-135807 19925:Agonists: 19883:Ergolines 19867:Yohimbine 19862:SB-236057 19857:SB-224289 19852:SB-216641 19842:LY-393558 19832:GR-127935 19822:Ergolines 19817:Elzasonan 19791:carteolol 19699:RU-24,969 19688:pergolide 19664:Ergolines 19654:CP-135807 19626:Agonists: 19592:Ergolines 19541:Spiramide 19536:Spiperone 19486:Lecozotan 19466:FCE-24379 19456:Ergolines 19441:BMY-7,378 19423:pindobind 19399:carteolol 19352:Yohimbine 19313:N-Me-5-HT 19301:bufotenin 19293:5-MeO-DMT 19265:Sarizotan 19245:RU-24,969 19240:Roxindole 19235:Repinotan 19200:Naluzotan 19185:LY-301317 19180:LY-293284 19119:pergolide 19083:Ergolines 19068:Ebalzotan 19058:Dimemebfe 19048:BMY-14802 19043:Befiradol 19016:buspirone 18994:clozapine 18982:asenapine 18956:trazodone 18925:8-OH-DPAT 18922:Agonists: 18838:Pukateine 18828:Noscapine 18774:Xorphanol 18759:Tifluadom 18704:Nalmefene 18639:Enadoline 18609:Butorphan 18599:Alazocine 18554:Enflurane 18489:Inhalants 18479:Zopiclone 18435:enhancers 18359:Piribedil 18349:Pergolide 18339:Memantine 18314:Aporphine 18182:Parahexyl 18177:Org 28611 18147:NESS-0327 18122:MEPIRAPIM 18082:FUB-PB-22 18062:FDU-PB-22 17972:AB-PINACA 17942:A-836,339 17937:A-796,260 17902:5F-ADBICA 17877:4-HTMPIPO 17452:CP 55,940 17447:CP 55,244 17442:CP 47,497 17181:Synthetic 17144:agonists) 17051:Meclozine 17031:Flavoxate 16976:Cyclizine 16901:Biperiden 16802:Midafotel 16787:Etoxadrol 16762:Aptiganel 16657:Memantine 16564:4-MeO-PCP 16549:3-MeO-PCP 16539:3-MeO-PCE 16354:Efavirenz 16349:Dimemebfe 16339:AL-38022A 16254:4-HO-McPT 16218:5-Me-MiPT 16181:5-MeO-MET 16129:Ibogamine 16088:5-MeO-DPT 16031:α,N,N-TMT 16026:7,N,N-TMT 16008:5-MeO-DMT 15967:5-AcO-DMT 15952:4,N,N-TMT 15942:4-AcO-DMT 15937:2,N,N-TMT 15868:(T-9) DET 15863:5-MeO-DET 15515:Mescaline 15470:Buscaline 15048:25I-NMeTh 14936:DOI-NBOMe 14931:DOB-NBOMe 14926:C30-NBOMe 14921:5MT-NBOMe 14896:25I-NBTFM 14851:25C-NBOEt 14790:25T-NBOMe 14785:25P-NBOMe 14780:25N-NBOMe 14770:25I-NBOMe 14765:25H-NBOMe 14760:25G-NBOMe 14755:25F-NBOMe 14750:25E-NBOMe 14745:25D-NBOMe 14735:25C-NBOMe 14730:25B-NBOMe 14702:25T7-NBOH 14697:25T2-NBOH 14662:25CN-NBOH 14624:25T7-NBMD 14619:25T2-NBMD 14556:25TFM-NBF 14223:2C-T-22.5 13931:PARGY-LAD 13801:1cP-MiPLA 13731:5-MeO-BFE 13704:agonists) 12699:(Report). 12640:149858755 12474:0261-3077 12361:228997721 12311: N.M. 12220:March 19, 12154:March 22, 12068:March 22, 12037:March 22, 11705:Psilocybe 11617:Mycologia 11582:Psilocybe 11563:March 15, 11518:Psilocybe 10285:(in Zulu) 10259:(in Zulu) 10232:BindingDB 10206:BindingDB 9815:: 25–36. 9778:208747979 9574:(1): 40. 9562:Psilocybe 9319:April 10, 9260:147200008 9112:144969540 8852:CiteSeerX 8590:: 51–57. 8367:CNS Drugs 8016:Addiction 7960:220472473 7834:April 24, 7697:318713242 7652:: 74–77. 6696:April 10, 6479:0022-0175 6442:August 8, 6415:August 8, 6404:Wired.com 6248:Mycologia 6114:August 8, 5851:0024-3019 5757:Karstenia 5722:Hofmann A 5651:Stamets P 5600:Psilocybe 5546:April 24, 4939:Molecules 4833:CiteSeerX 4807:207669364 4587:Citations 4522:non-blind 4497:Svampinfo 4495:(Spain), 4489:Norshroom 4479:(Spain), 4449:Mycotopia 4420:phosphate 4333:serotonin 4288:remission 4096:Psilocybe 4045:Psilocybe 4007:Psilocybe 3995:, the UK 3989:mushrooms 3858:herbarium 3847:sclerotia 3825:Both the 3776:Psilocybe 3735:Psilocybe 3706:Psilocybe 3698:(2), and 3695:Gerronema 3665:Hypholoma 3653:Panaeolus 3641:Psilocybe 3567:P. weilii 3466:Psilocybe 3190:half life 3162:glutamate 3128:receptors 3121:histamine 3045:receptors 2539:serotonin 2412:in 2020. 2374:phosphate 2331:bufotenin 2308:serotonin 2282:Chemistry 2232:dysphoria 2119:entheogen 2114:spiritual 2061:inhalants 2034:mescaline 2021:Tolerance 1962:confusion 1953:psychosis 1783:, author 1713:dysmetria 1630:affective 1461:ethocybin 1431:species. 1429:Psilocybe 1316:Old World 1273:Dominican 1269:New World 1245:Guatemala 1233:artifacts 1193:Guatemala 1133:entheogen 1021:Indocybin 599:Excretion 516:half-life 443:Oxidation 225:Routes of 215:liability 213:Addiction 203:liability 26025:VER-3323 26007:Triptans 25902:CP-94253 25887:AL-34662 25798:RU-28306 25751:ibogaine 25726:pinoline 25714:harmalol 25620:L-694247 25592:Triptans 25573:IPAP (α, 25429:4-Me-αMT 25424:4-Me-αET 25414:4-HO-αMT 25247:RS134-49 25100:FGIN-143 25095:FGIN-127 24808:5-MeO-7, 24693:4-HO-NMT 24678:4-HO-MPT 24658:4-HO-MET 24648:4-HO-EPT 24638:4-HO-DPT 24628:4-HO-DET 24623:4-HO-DBT 24535:2-Me-DET 24530:2-HO-NMT 24366:lisuride 24340:pimozide 24336:loxapine 24175:LY-53857 24126:zotepine 24031:Triptans 23895:loxapine 23746:BVT-5182 23589:Hypidone 23567:lisuride 23379:RS-67532 23374:RS-39604 23364:L-Lysine 23201:LY-53857 23151:loxapine 23044:CSP-2503 22965:YM-31636 22915:SR-57227 22905:RS-56812 22859:Alcohols 22761:pimozide 22757:loxapine 22725:Tramadol 22544:LY-53857 22486:zotepine 22379:psilocin 22195:LA-SS-Az 22191:lisuride 22120:A-372159 22094:5-Fl-αMT 22090:5-Cl-αMT 21820:LY-53857 21816:lisuride 21706:psilocin 21531:cloforex 21518:Aminorex 21408:pimozide 21400:loxapine 21329:TGBA01AD 21129:LY-53857 21101:CSP-2503 21085:zotepine 20947:AC-90179 20912:psilocin 20722:LA-SS-Az 20718:lisuride 20634:AL-34662 20608:5-Fl-αMT 20604:5-Cl-αMT 20564:2C-B-FLY 20500:25I-NBOH 20496:25I-NBMD 20399:Triptans 20371:lysergol 20317:lysergol 20262:Triptans 20205:lysergol 20201:lisuride 20067:5-Et-DMT 20013:Triptans 20008:TGBA01AD 19983:L-772405 19978:L-694247 19973:GR-46611 19895:lisuride 19709:Triptans 19644:CP-94253 19639:CP-93129 19476:GR-46611 19446:CSP-2503 19427:pindolol 19337:Urapidil 19327:TGBA01AD 19317:psilocin 19250:S-14,506 19170:Hypidone 19150:F-15,599 19125:F-11,461 19103:lisuride 19063:Dopamine 19024:gepirone 18818:Glaucine 18769:U-69,593 18694:Morphine 18659:Ibogaine 18586:agonists 18520:Kerosene 18515:Gasoline 18474:Zolpidem 18469:Zaleplon 18457:Muscimol 18417:levodopa 18329:Lisuride 18301:agonists 18262:THJ-2201 18157:Nabilone 18127:MAM-2201 18092:JTE 7-31 18087:FUBIMINA 18052:EAM-2201 17927:5F-PB-22 17116:WIN-2299 16971:CS-27349 16881:Atropine 16842:Selfotel 16797:Ibogaine 16767:Budipine 16534:3-HO-PCP 16529:3-HO-PCE 16478:Ketamine 16359:Glaucine 16249:4-HO-EPT 16244:4-HO-DBT 16134:ME-18-MC 16124:Ibogaine 15990:5-MeO-4, 15977:5-MeO-2, 15622:2CD-5EtO 15490:Escaline 14886:25I-NBBr 14881:25I-NBAm 14846:25C-NBCl 14692:25P-NBOH 14687:25I-NBOH 14682:25H-NBOH 14677:25F-NBOH 14672:25E-NBOH 14667:25D-NBOH 14657:25C-NBOH 14652:25B-NBOH 14614:25P-NBMD 14609:25I-NBMD 14604:25H-NBMD 14599:25F-NBMD 14594:25E-NBMD 14589:25D-NBMD 14584:25C-NBMD 14579:25B-NBMD 14551:25T7-NBF 14546:25T2-NBF 13721:2C-B-FLY 13625:38214279 13616:10944580 13573:37572027 13535:38574699 13474:38387698 13439:37403379 13430:10350724 13390:36193898 13354:34038314 13319:39168500 13310:11337322 13270:33852780 13232:37651119 13223:10472268 13183:36322843 13145:38627070 13136:11024689 13083:34451890 13024:Archived 12997:Archived 12979:27909164 12930:27354908 12881:36381758 12830:19744846 12795:22085876 12741:Archived 12671:Archived 12605:29753748 12548:25744618 12502:Archived 12479:July 18, 12445:July 17, 12380:(2018). 12378:Pollan M 12175:Archived 12119:21674151 12062:Archived 12000:June 25, 11959:38006957 11951:10855955 11866:Archived 11848:20047807 11641:Archived 11557:Archived 11489:Archived 11448:Archived 11444:96753191 11401:11249439 11393:15526212 11358:14581081 11288:10978655 11051:10077856 11012:45118221 10969:Archived 10899:Archived 10866:16884739 10765:38741590 10756:11089204 10714:21332315 10679:12191719 10644:11373000 10606:32446245 10555:19799545 10512:Archived 10482:Archived 10451:34566723 10397:30262987 10345:34671279 10187:24800892 10138:22271821 10089:20126400 10049:PLOS ONE 10030:27216487 9988:38203411 9979:10778977 9937:38301886 9896:35132076 9839:32224264 9782:Archived 9733:30283667 9640:28763571 9600:36678537 9542:17002211 9504:34982048 9439:Archived 9412:31056807 9404:11980266 9354:Archived 9313:Archived 9283:Archived 9252:38947237 9243:11214281 9193:July 12, 9187:Archived 9154:16826400 9069:Doblin R 9006:18593735 8932:18464414 8924:24424798 8878:Archived 8737:21256140 8685:19040555 8636:Archived 8592:Archived 8562:19086254 8519:11750795 8481:24647325 8438:44321700 8430:15048636 8395:18506672 8387:15089102 8352:56427651 8283:20020560 8233:37706068 8082:Archived 8040:Archived 8036:15139867 7952:32648791 7906:Archived 7867:Archived 7809:33073220 7760:33707976 7701:Archived 7654:Archived 7612:Archived 7594:36272145 7585:10032309 7545:37261927 7536:10634292 7496:32360298 7461:37467907 7415:18257429 7385:20668434 7333:25960626 7325:10658954 7275:Archived 7263:16269092 7221:22789140 7213:18325673 7170:16714323 7084:14437505 7055:14420328 7041:: 8–17. 7018:13715375 6989:19508675 6981:14405870 6913:Archived 6909:17211054 6867:Archived 6849:29020861 6800:21956378 6740:Archived 6687:Archived 6683:15263504 6675:14615876 6628:21674151 6577:April 9, 6571:Archived 6546:21256914 6436:Archived 6409:Archived 6384:22923427 6376:20855349 6327:Archived 6280:Archived 6192:(1993). 6171:July 25, 6040:18593734 5961:39777572 5953:14087676 5903:(1992). 5855:Archived 5724:(2009). 5653:(1996). 5587:: 69–65. 5556:cite web 5526:39020167 5517:11291293 5456:Archived 5410:35225956 5352:10758314 5344:24444771 5302:38598236 5293:11007582 5178:36532184 5118:35811423 5048:Archived 5022:38919636 5013:11196758 4971:34063505 4897:Archived 4855:21036393 4799:20606445 4761:19022584 4710:trial.29 4705:12656091 4697:14578010 4639:29753748 4549:titled " 4350:See also 4340:receptor 4107:Research 4088:Zapotecs 4080:Mazatecs 4076:Totonacs 3970:psilocin 3829:and the 3761:familial 3701:Galerina 3683:Conocybe 3473:Species 3468:species 3453:clinical 3373:vaporize 3325:extracts 3270:excreted 3236:enzymes 3151:appetite 3113:receptor 3093:dopamine 3030:affinity 3018:psilocin 2997:Sources: 2649:4.6–410 2636:6.0–340 2465:psilocin 2393:standard 2352:such as 2350:solvents 2342:methanol 2259:delirium 2179:divinity 2053:cannabis 2032:such as 1939:nicotine 1890:caffeine 1867:toxicity 1861:Toxicity 1765:bad trip 1719:levels, 1664:openness 1614:paranoia 1606:euphoria 1533:mycelial 1484:Ram Dass 1405:village 1140:cultivar 1127:and the 1083:rock art 1048:euphoria 1040:psilocin 1017:4-PO-DMT 991:(verify) 686:DrugBank 650:520-52-5 593:mg, n=6) 526:psilocin 478:Psilocin 401:, other 376:psilocin 313:Class F2 268:ATC code 235:By mouth 26009:(e.g., 25973:(e.g., 25805:(e.g., 25722:harmine 25718:harmane 25702:9-Me-BC 25696:(e.g., 25688:Harmala 25674:(e.g., 25558:BNC-210 25409:2,α-DMT 25391:TIK-301 25262:ST-1936 24981:AGH-192 24976:AGH-107 24951:5,7-DHT 24946:5,6-DHT 24378:(e.g., 24364:(e.g., 24318:(e.g., 24300:(e.g., 24278:(e.g., 24261:SLV-314 24256:SLV-313 24149:(e.g., 24137:DR-4485 24076:(e.g., 24043:(e.g., 24033:(e.g., 23993:(e.g., 23986:E-55888 23936:(e.g., 23914:(e.g., 23889:(e.g., 23877:doxepin 23867:(e.g., 23853:(e.g., 23736:AVN-397 23731:AVN-322 23726:AVN-211 23721:AVN-101 23685:(e.g., 23678:ABT-354 23647:ST-1936 23601:(e.g., 23553:(e.g., 23516:(e.g., 23502:(e.g., 23446:(e.g., 23423:(e.g., 23208:(e.g., 23159:(e.g., 23149:(e.g., 23132:Thujone 23116:(e.g., 23003:(e.g., 22996:AS-8112 22955:toluene 22945:(e.g., 22927:(e.g., 22889:(e.g., 22863:butanol 22861:(e.g., 22798:(e.g., 22751:(e.g., 22737:(e.g., 22720:TIK-301 22692:(e.g., 22645:S-14671 22534:(e.g., 22436:(e.g., 22398:WAY-629 22349:(e.g., 22298:(e.g., 22284:(e.g., 22237:(e.g., 22207:LSD-Pip 22169:(e.g., 22147:(e.g., 22088:(e.g., 22054:2C-T-21 22032:(e.g., 21995:(e.g., 21972:TIK-301 21964:(e.g., 21941:(e.g., 21806:(e.g., 21738:(e.g., 21668:(e.g., 21643:(e.g., 21621:(e.g., 21582:(e.g., 21560:(e.g., 21525:(e.g., 21474:(e.g., 21386:(e.g., 21376:(e.g., 21346:(e.g., 21292:(e.g., 21280:S-14671 21180:KML-010 21123:(e.g., 20991:(e.g., 20964:(e.g., 20882:(e.g., 20849:(e.g., 20835:(e.g., 20778:(e.g., 20734:LSD-Pip 20688:(e.g., 20661:(e.g., 20602:(e.g., 20569:2CB-Ind 20558:2C-T-21 20536:(e.g., 20492:25I-NBF 20419:(e.g., 20401:(e.g., 20365:(e.g., 20311:(e.g., 20274:(e.g., 20264:(e.g., 20249:(e.g., 20199:(e.g., 20113:(e.g., 20057:(e.g., 20015:(e.g., 19945:(e.g., 19885:(e.g., 19824:(e.g., 19785:(e.g., 19742:(e.g., 19711:(e.g., 19666:(e.g., 19594:(e.g., 19521:S-15535 19511:NAN-190 19458:(e.g., 19393:(e.g., 19370:(e.g., 19287:(e.g., 19260:S-15535 19255:S-14671 19195:MKC-242 19145:F-15063 19140:F-14679 19135:F-13714 19130:F-12826 19085:(e.g., 19014:(e.g., 18976:(e.g., 18942:(e.g., 18764:U-50488 18537:Toluene 18525:Propane 18493:(Mixed 18411:), and 18393:cocaine 18257:THJ-018 18242:STS-135 18237:SDB-006 18232:SDB-005 18167:NM-2201 18162:Nabitan 18097:JTE-907 18067:FUB-144 18057:FAB-144 18017:APINACA 17922:5F-NNE1 17859:JWH-424 17854:JWH-398 17849:JWH-387 17844:JWH-359 17839:JWH-350 17834:JWH-336 17829:JWH-307 17824:JWH-302 17819:JWH-300 17814:JWH-258 17809:JWH-253 17804:JWH-251 17799:JWH-250 17794:JWH-249 17789:JWH-234 17784:JWH-229 17779:JWH-220 17774:JWH-213 17769:JWH-210 17764:JWH-210 17759:JWH-205 17754:JWH-203 17749:JWH-200 17744:JWH-199 17739:JWH-198 17734:JWH-197 17729:JWH-196 17724:JWH-195 17719:JWH-194 17714:JWH-193 17709:JWH-192 17704:JWH-185 17699:JWH-184 17694:JWH-182 17689:JWH-181 17684:JWH-176 17679:JWH-175 17674:JWH-171 17669:JWH-167 17664:JWH-166 17659:JWH-164 17654:JWH-161 17649:JWH-149 17644:JWH-149 17639:JWH-148 17634:JWH-147 17629:JWH-139 17624:JWH-133 17619:JWH-122 17614:JWH-120 17609:JWH-116 17604:JWH-098 17599:JWH-081 17594:JWH-073 17589:JWH-057 17584:JWH-051 17579:JWH-048 17574:JWH-047 17569:JWH-030 17564:JWH-019 17559:JWH-018 17554:JWH-015 17549:JWH-007 17421:AM-6545 17416:AM-4113 17411:AM-4056 17406:AM-4054 17401:AM-4030 17396:AM-3102 17391:AM-2389 17386:AM-2233 17381:AM-2232 17376:AM-2213 17371:AM-2212 17366:AM-2201 17361:AM-1902 17356:AM-1714 17351:AM-1710 17346:AM-1248 17341:AM-1241 17336:AM-1235 17331:AM-1221 17326:AM-1220 17321:AM-1172 17316:AM-1116 17153:Natural 17026:EA-3834 17021:EA-3580 17016:EA-3443 17011:EA-3167 16757:8A-PDHQ 16630:PRE-084 16369:M-ALPHA 15734:2C-B-PP 15692:Ganesha 15682:DOB-FLY 15662:βk-2C-I 15657:βk-2C-B 15617:2CB-Ind 15414:MMDA-3a 15374:DMMDA-2 14966:ZDCM-04 14541:25P-NBF 14536:25I-NBF 14531:25H-NBF 14526:25E-NBF 14521:25D-NBF 14516:25C-NBF 14511:25B-NBF 14268:2C-T-33 14263:2C-T-32 14258:2C-T-31 14253:2C-T-30 14248:2C-T-28 14243:2C-T-27 14238:2C-T-25 14233:2C-T-24 14228:2C-T-23 14218:2C-T-22 14213:2C-T-21 14208:2C-T-20 14203:2C-T-19 14198:2C-T-18 14193:2C-T-17 14188:2C-T-16 14183:2C-T-15 14178:2C-T-14 14173:2C-T-13 14168:2C-T-12 14163:2C-T-11 14158:2C-T-10 13973:2C-B-AN 13936:PRO-LAD 13901:LSM-775 13891:LSD-Pip 13876:LPD-824 13856:ETH-LAD 13781:1cP-LSD 13766:Lyserg‐ 13074:8399008 12970:5367551 12921:4910400 12872:9650681 12775:Bibcode 12596:6791528 12556:2025731 12110:3308357 11909:3430170 11794:7201054 11756:2722990 11637:3759505 11323:2094720 11223:9657222 11172:Bibcode 11121:4040953 11086:9252052 10928:132–133 10831:9491968 10597:7547711 10442:8461007 10388:6149016 10336:8520991 10226:Liu T. 10200:Liu T. 10178:4194234 10129:3364510 10080:2814854 10057:Bibcode 9887:8821704 9866:Bibcode 9830:7232020 9750:E. coli 9724:6121855 9681:5750023 9591:9867295 9495:8725723 9474:Bibcode 9234:1384454 9162:7845214 9019:July 3, 8997:3050654 8874:9924839 8728:3110631 8676:6494066 8473:9754837 8328:Nutt DJ 8310:6580536 8225:9875725 8180:7453965 8172:7173927 8129:Eluesis 8112:: 1–14. 7800:7549063 7751:7943545 7376:3055517 7271:9790150 7178:3165579 7105:1052267 7026:8255131 6840:5772431 6791:3537171 6619:3308357 6276:5102274 6268:3757680 6146:Bibcode 6031:3056407 5624:3955222 5494:Bibcode 5448:PubChem 5401:8883979 5217:9204776 5169:9751063 4962:8156539 4863:5667719 4752:2677076 4630:6791528 4477:Delysid 4469:Champis 4445:Lycaeum 4422:; DMT: 4318:phase 3 4262:(SSRI) 4241:placebo 4217:phase 2 4201:placebo 4141:(OCD), 4092:Chatino 3866:mycelia 3839:potency 3723:tropics 3677:Inocybe 3671:Pluteus 3289:Alcohol 3242:UGT1A10 3232:by the 3095:in the 3022:agonist 2977:(human) 2969:17,000 2966:(mouse) 2899:13,000 2727:3.5–72 2662:10–141 2584:31–305 2571:49–567 2518:de novo 2366:ammonia 2346:ethanol 2224:placebo 2220:control 2205:led by 2085:tobacco 2077:ecstasy 2057:cocaine 1935:aspirin 1847:suicide 1831:alcohol 1773:alcohol 1699:(34%), 1646:A 2011 1584:figure 1403:Mazatec 1335:Hungary 1261:Nahuatl 1209:Algeria 1205:Tassili 1175:History 1087:Algeria 1028:prodrug 903:284.252 862:Formula 695:DB11664 661:PubChem 585:: 15–30 504:: 20–40 403:tissues 378:) (n=3) 337:Class A 323:: 26035:YM-348 25991:mebfap 25872:5-MIAL 25867:5-HIAL 25508:-DMT ( 25208:O-4310 25170:MS-245 25105:FT-104 25070:E-6837 25065:E-6801 24986:AH-494 24011:LP-211 23801:MS-245 23627:E-6837 23623:E-6801 22877:m-CPBG 22408:YM-348 22257:MK-212 22171:ALD-52 22050:2C-T-7 22046:2C-T-2 20875:TFMFly 20798:O-4310 20694:ALD-52 20690:1P-LSD 20654:DMBMPP 20554:2C-T-7 20550:2C-T-2 19551:UH-301 19491:Mefway 18811:Others 18684:LPK-26 18649:Heroin 18594:2-EMSB 18544:Ethers 18510:Butane 18442:CI-966 18277:XLR-11 18267:UR-144 18212:QUCHIC 18132:MDA-19 17997:ADBICA 17952:AB-005 17947:AB-001 17907:5F-AMB 17892:5F-ADB 17528:HU-345 17523:HU-336 17518:HU-331 17513:HU-320 17508:HU-308 17503:HU-243 17498:HU-239 17493:HU-211 17488:HU-210 17311:AM-938 17306:AM-926 17301:AM-919 17296:AM-906 17291:AM-905 17286:AM-883 17281:AM-881 17276:AM-855 17271:AM-735 17266:AM-694 17261:AM-679 17256:AM-678 17251:AM-661 17246:AM-630 17241:AM-411 17236:AM-404 17231:AM-381 17226:AM-374 17221:AM-356 17216:AM-281 17211:AM-279 17206:AM-251 17201:AM-087 17125:Others 17046:JB-336 17041:JB-318 17001:Ditran 16747:2-EMSB 16740:Others 16613:Others 16599:(PCPy) 16576:(PCDE) 16388:5-MAPB 16332:Others 16237:Others 16109:18-MAC 15677:DMBMPP 15667:DESOXY 15632:5-TOET 15627:2-TOET 15585:Others 15409:MMDA-2 15348:HOT-17 15238:4C-T-2 15179:3C-MAL 15169:3C-DFE 14425:NB4OMe 14347:NB3OMe 14332:25C-NB 14327:25B-NB 14278:2C-TFM 14273:2C-TFE 14153:2C-T-9 14148:2C-T-8 14143:2C-T-7 14138:2C-T-6 14133:2C-T-5 14128:2C-T-4 14123:2C-T-3 14118:2C-T-2 14093:2C-O-4 14083:2C-NH2 14058:2C-G-N 14053:2C-G-6 14048:2C-G-5 14043:2C-G-4 14038:2C-G-3 14033:2C-G-2 14028:2C-G-1 13948:amines 13926:MLD-41 13866:LAE-32 13861:IP-LAD 13831:BU-LAD 13826:ALD-52 13821:AL-LAD 13806:1V-LSD 13791:1P-LSD 13776:1B-LSD 13768:amides 13756:TFMFly 13623: 13613: 13571: 13533: 13472: 13437: 13427: 13388: 13352: 13317: 13307: 13268: 13230: 13220: 13181: 13143: 13133: 13081: 13071: 12977: 12967: 12928: 12918: 12879: 12869: 12849:Cureus 12828: 12793: 12733: 12663: 12638: 12603: 12593: 12554: 12546: 12472: 12417: 12392: 12359: 12117: 12107: 11957: 11949: 11907: 11846: 11792: 11754: 11635: 11590: 11442: 11399: 11391: 11356: 11321: 11286: 11221: 11119: 11084: 11049: 11010: 10961: 10934: 10891: 10864: 10829: 10786: 10763: 10753: 10712: 10677: 10642: 10604: 10594: 10553: 10474: 10449: 10439: 10395: 10385: 10343: 10333: 10185: 10175: 10136: 10126: 10087: 10077: 10028: 9986: 9976: 9935: 9894: 9884: 9837: 9827: 9776: 9731: 9721: 9679: 9638: 9598: 9588: 9540: 9502: 9492: 9410: 9402: 9346: 9258: 9250: 9240: 9232: 9160: 9152: 9110: 9048: 9004: 8994: 8930: 8922: 8872: 8854: 8818: 8791: 8766: 8735: 8725: 8683: 8673: 8628: 8560: 8527:230298 8525: 8517: 8479: 8471: 8436: 8428: 8393: 8385: 8350: 8308: 8281: 8275:566144 8273: 8231: 8223: 8178: 8170: 8074: 8034: 7990: 7958: 7950: 7898: 7859: 7807: 7797: 7758: 7748: 7695: 7685: 7592: 7582: 7543: 7533: 7494: 7459: 7413: 7383: 7373: 7331: 7323: 7269: 7261: 7219: 7211: 7176: 7168: 7128: 7103: 7082: 7053: 7024: 7016: 6987: 6979: 6907: 6847: 6837: 6798: 6788: 6732: 6681: 6673: 6626: 6616: 6544: 6477: 6382: 6374: 6319: 6274: 6266: 6225: 6200: 6038: 6028: 5959: 5951: 5911: 5849: 5820: 5792: 5734: 5697: 5665: 5622: 5524: 5514: 5486:Nature 5408: 5398: 5350: 5342: 5300: 5290: 5246: 5215: 5176: 5166: 5116: 5036:Anvisa 5020: 5010: 4969: 4959: 4889: 4861: 4853: 4835: 4825:Lancet 4805: 4797: 4759: 4749: 4703: 4695: 4637: 4627: 4441:Erowid 4437:EMCDDA 4276: 4272: 4268: 4256: 4252: 4245: 4237: 4233: 4229: 4225: 4078:, the 4074:, the 4070:, the 4068:Nahuas 4043:Dried 3957: 3951: 3945: 3939: 3933: 3927: 3835:spores 3715:gilled 3662:(12), 3656:(13), 3650:(14), 3636:genera 3432:plasma 3411:, and 3395:, and 3238:UGT1A9 3155:libido 2993:Notes: 2958:1,400 2805:1,600 2714:57–72 2701:70–84 2597:19–36 2558:, nM) 2551:Target 2297:indole 2083:, and 2081:heroin 1955:, and 1898: 1709:tremor 1440:Sandoz 1360:Modern 1343:herbal 1291:friar 1275:friar 1237:Mexico 1117:Sandoz 1068:nausea 946:SMILES 786:ChEMBL 755:D12881 591: 587: 575:hours) 573: 569: 554:hours) 552: 548: 536:hours) 534: 530: 506: 347: 335: 311: 142: 112:sy-lə- 25975:3-APB 25966:SN-22 25778:NDTDI 25741:Iboga 25577:-DPT) 25242:Pyr-T 24991:ALiPT 24006:LP-44 24001:LP-12 23976:AS-19 23248:BIMU8 23169:xenon 22316:TFMPP 21645:TFMPP 20870:TCB-2 20859:TFMPP 20823:RH-34 19735:TFMPP 19386:AV965 19205:NBUMP 18227:RCS-8 18222:RCS-4 18217:QUPIC 18192:PTI-2 18187:PTI-1 18142:MN-25 18137:MN-18 18027:CB-13 18012:APICA 16867:mAChR 16847:Xenon 16832:RB-64 16752:2-MDP 16605:(TCP) 16593:(PCP) 16582:(PCE) 16498:MXiPr 16418:NMDAR 16392:6-APB 16384:5-APB 16378:Also 16374:RH-34 16344:ALPHA 16114:18-MC 15764:alpha 15712:TOMSO 15707:TCB-2 15672:DMCPA 15642:5-TOM 15637:2-TOM 15577:TMA-6 15574:TMA-5 15571:TMA-4 15568:TMA-3 15565:TMA-2 15419:MMDMA 15369:DMMDA 15343:HOT-7 15338:HOT-2 15314:DOTFM 15294:DOiPR 15164:3C-BZ 15159:3C-AL 14722:NBOMe 14283:2C-YN 14108:2C-SE 14103:2C-Ph 14073:2C-iP 14013:2C-EF 13998:2C-CP 13993:2C-CN 13983:2C-Bu 13978:2C-Bn 13916:MIPLA 13871:LAMPA 13846:ECPLA 12791:S2CID 12744:(PDF) 12715:(PDF) 12636:S2CID 12552:S2CID 12505:(PDF) 12498:(PDF) 12384:[ 12357:S2CID 12148:(PDF) 12137:(PDF) 12031:(PDF) 12020:(PDF) 11994:(PDF) 11983:(PDF) 11966:(PDF) 11955:S2CID 11927:(PDF) 11682:(PDF) 11667:(PDF) 11633:JSTOR 11492:(PDF) 11477:(PDF) 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