Psychopathy - Knowledge

1309:

conclusion in this regard was made by a 2002 study of homicide offenders, which reported that the homicides committed by homicidal offenders with psychopathy were almost always (93.3%) primarily instrumental, significantly more than the proportion (48.4%) of those committed by non-psychopathic homicidal offenders, with the instrumentality of the homicide also correlated with the total PCL-R score of the offender as well as their scores on the Factor 1 "interpersonal-affective" dimension. However, contrary to the equating of this to mean exclusively "in cold blood", more than a third of the homicides committed by psychopathic offenders involved some component of emotional reactivity as well. In any case, FBI profilers indicate that serious victim injury is generally an emotional offense, and some research supports this, at least with regard to sexual offending. One study has found more serious offending by non-psychopathic offenders on average than by offenders with psychopathy (e.g. more homicides versus more armed robbery and property offenses) and another that the Affective facet of the PCL-R predicted reduced offense seriousness.

1293:

This small to moderate effect appears to be due largely to the scale items that assess impulsive behaviors and past criminal history, which are well-established but very general risk factors. The aspects of core personality often held to be distinctively psychopathic generally show little or no predictive link to crime by themselves. For example, Factor 1 of the PCL-R and Fearless dominance of the PPI-R have smaller or no relationship to crime, including violent crime. In contrast, Factor 2 and Impulsive antisociality of the PPI-R are associated more strongly with criminality. Factor 2 has a relationship of similar strength to that of the PCL-R as a whole. The antisocial facet of the PCL-R is still predictive of future violence after controlling for past criminal behavior which, together with results regarding the PPI-R which by design does not include past criminal behavior, suggests that impulsive behaviors is an independent risk factor. Thus, the concept of psychopathy may perform poorly when attempted to be used as a general theory of crime.

2096:

Some studies have found that high testosterone levels are associated with antisocial and aggressive behaviors, yet other research suggests that testosterone alone does not cause aggression but increases dominance-seeking. It is unclear from studies if psychopathy correlates with high testosterone levels, but a few studies have found that disruption of serotonin neurotransmission disrupts cortisol reactivity to a stress-inducing speech task. Thus, dysregulation of serotonin in the brain may contribute to the low cortisol levels observed in psychopathy. Cortisol increases withdrawal behavior and sensitivity to punishment and aversive conditioning, which are abnormally low in individuals with psychopathy and may underlie their impaired aversion learning and disinhibited behavior. High testosterone levels combined with low serotonin levels are associated with "impulsive and highly negative reactions", and may increase violent aggression when an individual is provoked or becomes frustrated. Several animal studies note the role of

2697:

those referred to as the "emotional components", or interpersonal-affective traits, of psychopathy. Factors such as boldness, disinhibition, and meanness as defined in the triarchic model, in combination with other advantages such as a favorable upbringing and high intelligence, are thought to correlate with stress immunity and stability, and may contribute to this particular expression. Such individuals are sometimes referred to as "successful psychopaths" or "corporate psychopaths" and they may not always have extensive histories of traditional criminal or antisocial behavior characteristic of the traditional conceptualization of psychopathy. Robert Hare claims that the prevalence of psychopathic traits is higher in the business world than in the general population, reporting that while about 1% of the general population meet the clinical criteria for psychopathy, figures of around 3–4% have been cited for more senior positions in business. Hare considers newspaper tycoon

1637:

pattern of results across studies indicates that people diagnosed with psychopathy demonstrate reduced MRI, fMRI, aMRI, PET, and SPECT activity in areas of the brain. Research has also shown that an approximate 18% smaller amygdala size contributes to a significantly lower emotional sensation in regards to fear, sadness, amongst other negative emotions, which may likely be the reason as to why psychopathic individuals have lower empathy. Some recent fMRI studies have reported that emotion perception deficits in psychopathy are pervasive across emotions (positives and negatives). Studies on children with psychopathic tendencies have also shown such associations. Meta-analyses have also found evidence of impairments in both vocal and facial emotional recognition for several emotions (i.e., not only fear and sadness) in both adults and children/adolescents.

2510:

programs in correctional settings. It has been suggested that the treatments that may be most likely to be effective at reducing overt antisocial and criminal behavior are those that focus on self-interest, emphasizing the tangible, material value of prosocial behavior, with interventions that develop skills to obtain what the patient wants out of life in prosocial rather than antisocial ways. To this end, various therapies have been tried with the aim of reducing the criminal activity of incarcerated offenders with psychopathy, with mixed success. As psychopathic individuals are insensitive to sanction, reward-based management, in which small privileges are granted in exchange for good behavior, has been suggested and used to manage their behavior in institutional settings.

11570:

component (including features such as lack of remorse or guilt, shallow affect, lack of empathy and failure to accept responsibility for one's actions) and lower scores on the other components than did a comparison group of the hospital's patients without Asperger syndrome. (...) In Sweden, however, Nilsson and Soderstrom et al (2005) found that the total PCL–R scores, as well as scores on the 'unemotionality' and 'behavioural dyscontrol' factors, were significantly correlated with high-functioning autistic traits. The 'interpersonal' factor of the PCL–R showed none of these correlations, leading the authors to conclude that scores on this factor may capture features that are specific to psychopathy, distinguishing core psychopathy from other diagnostic definitions.

1697: 1344:

with an accuracy similar to the PCL-R and some of these are considerably easier, quicker, and less expensive to administer. This may even be done automatically by a computer simply based on data such as age, gender, number of previous convictions and age of first conviction. Some of these assessments may also identify treatment change and goals, identify quick changes that may help short-term management, identify more specific kinds of violence that may be at risk, and may have established specific probabilities of offending for specific scores. Nonetheless, the PCL-R may continue to be popular for risk assessment because of its pioneering role and the large amount of research done using it.

1251:

contribute to the scoring of the Facet 1 (interpersonal) items, mainly through self-assurance, unrealistic optimism, brazenness and imperturbability. Indeed, while self-report studies have been inconsistent using the two-factor model of the PCL-R, studies which separate Factor 1 into interpersonal and affective facets, more regularly show modest associations between Facet 1 and low anxiety, boldness and fearless dominance (especially items assessing glibness/charm and grandiosity). When both psychopathy and low anxiety/boldness are measured using interviews, both interpersonal and affective facets are both associated with fearlessness and lack of internalizing disorders.

2223:

students) rather than prisoners, though may be used with the latter. It was revised in 2005 to become the PPI-R and now comprises 154 items organized into eight subscales. The item scores have been found to group into two overarching and largely separate factors (unlike the PCL-R factors), Fearless-Dominance and Impulsive Antisociality, plus a third factor, Coldheartedness, which is largely dependent on scores on the other two. Factor 1 is associated with social efficacy while Factor 2 is associated with maladaptive tendencies. A person may score at different levels on the different factors, but the overall score indicates the extent of psychopathic personality.

1143:, and frontal-lobe dysfunction, which frequently results in underlying disorders being dismissed. Hare's conception of psychopathy has also been criticized for being reductionist, dismissive, tautological, and ignorant of context as well as the dynamic nature of human behavior. Some have called for rejection of the concept altogether, due to its vague, subjective and judgmental nature that makes it prone to misuse. A systematic review determined that the PCL is weakly predictive of criminal behavior, but not of lack of conscience, or treatment and rehabilitation outcomes. These findings contradict widespread beliefs amongst professionals in forensics. 2047:(such as the uncinate fasciculus). The evidence suggested that the degree of abnormality was significantly related to the degree of psychopathy and may explain the offending behaviors. Furthermore, changes in the amygdala have been associated with "callous-unemotional" traits in children. However, the amygdala has also been associated with positive emotions, and there have been inconsistent results in the studies in particular areas, which may be due to methodological issues. Others have cast doubt on the amygdala as important for psychopathy, with one meta-analysis suggesting that most studies on the amygdala and psychopathy find 1584:(since many of his patients were "well educated and from middle-class or upper-class backgrounds") and that "there is no obvious theoretical reason why the disorder described by Cleckley or other clinicians should be related to intelligence; some psychopaths are bright, others less so". Studies also indicate that different aspects of the definition of psychopathy (e.g. interpersonal, affective (emotion), behavioral and lifestyle components) can show different links to intelligence, and the result can depend on the type of intelligence assessment (e.g. verbal, creative, practical, analytical). 1470:

by parents or teachers for individuals aged 6–13 years. High psychopathy scores for both juveniles (as measured with these instruments) and adults (as measured with the PCL-R and other measurement tools) have similar associations with other variables, including similar ability in predicting violence and criminality. Juvenile psychopathy may also be associated with more negative emotionality such as anger, hostility, anxiety, and depression. Psychopathic traits in youth typically comprise three factors: callous/unemotional, narcissism, and impulsivity/irresponsibility.

2554:. They may be used for risk assessment and for assessing treatment potential and be used as part of the decisions regarding bail, sentence, which prison to use, parole, and regarding whether a youth should be tried as a juvenile or as an adult. There have been several criticisms against its use in legal settings. They include the general criticisms against the PCL-R, the availability of other risk assessment tools which may have advantages, and the excessive pessimism surrounding the prognosis and treatment possibilities of those who are diagnosed with psychopathy. 1502:

conduct disorder also have ADHD. Some evidence indicates that this group has deficits in behavioral inhibition, similar to that of adults with psychopathy. They may not be more likely than those with conduct disorder alone to have the interpersonal/affective features and the deficits in emotional processing characteristic of adults with psychopathy. Proponents of different types/dimensions of psychopathy have seen this type as possibly corresponding to adult secondary psychopathy and increased disinhibition in the triarchic model.

1959:, psychopathic individuals have also had difficulty switching from an ongoing action despite environmental cues signaling a need to do so. This may explain the difficulty responding to punishment, although it is unclear if it can explain findings such as deficient conditioning. There may be methodological issues regarding the research. While establishing a range of idiosyncrasies on average in linguistic and affective processing under certain conditions, this research program has not confirmed a common pathology of psychopathy. 1320:, which describes the emotional deficits and the callous and exploitative interpersonal style found in psychopathy. The prevalence of psychopathy among domestic abusers indicate that the core characteristics of psychopathy, such as callousness, remorselessness, and a lack of close interpersonal bonds, predispose those with psychopathy to committing domestic abuse, and suggest that the domestic abuses committed by these individuals are callously perpetrated (i.e. instrumentally aggressive) rather than a case of emotional 674:, though this usage is outdated in medicine and psychiatry. Psychopathy, however, is a highly popular construct in the psychology literature. Furthermore, the DSM-5 introduced the dimensional model of personality disorders in Section III, which includes a specifier for psychopathic traits. According to the DSM, psychopathy is not a standalone diagnosis, but the authors attempted to measure "psychopathic traits" via a specifier. In one study, the "Psychopathic Features Specifier" has been modeled on Factor 1 of the 1269: 1649:—an absence of, indifference towards, or disregard for moral beliefs. There are few firm data on patterns of moral judgment. Studies of developmental level (sophistication) of moral reasoning found all possible results—lower, higher or the same as non-psychopaths. Studies that compared judgments of personal moral transgressions versus judgments of breaking conventional rules or laws found that psychopaths rated them as equally severe, whereas non-psychopaths rated the rule-breaking as less severe. 1968: 917:(a meaner, more aggressive and disinhibited conception explicitly entailing persistent and sometimes serious criminal behavior). The latter conceptualization is typically used as the modern clinical concept and assessed by the Psychopathy Checklist. The label "psychopath" may have implications and stigma related to decisions about punishment severity for criminal acts, medical treatment, civil commitments, etc. Efforts have therefore been made to clarify the meaning of the term. 1713:

income, and coming from a disrupted family. Other significant factors included poor supervision, abuse, harsh discipline, large family size, delinquent sibling, young mother, depressed mother, low social class, and poor housing. There has also been association between psychopathy and detrimental treatment by peers. However, it is difficult to determine the extent of an environmental influence on the development of psychopathy because of evidence of its strong heritability.

1540:, including damage to these regions, with violent and psychopathic behavior. Patients with damage in such areas resembled "psychopathic individuals" whose brains were incapable of acquiring social and moral knowledge; those who acquired damage as children may have trouble conceptualizing social or moral reasoning, while those with adult-acquired damage may be aware of proper social and moral conduct but be unable to behave appropriately. Dysfunctions in the amygdala and 678:, known as Fearless Dominance. To some, it is evidence of psychopathy not being a more extreme version of ASPD, but as an emergent compound trait that manifests when Antisocial Personality Disorder is present in combination with high levels of Fearless Dominance (or Boldness as it's known in the Triarchic Model). Analyses showed that this Section III ASPD greatly outperformed Section II ASPD in predicting scores on Hare’s (2003) Psychopathy Checklist-Revised. 1115:

Nonsense. To this writer's mind, psychopathy and its synonyms (e.g., sociopathy and antisocial personality) are lazy diagnoses. Over the years the authors' team has seen scores of offenders who, prior to evaluation by the authors, were dismissed as psychopaths or the like. Detailed, comprehensive psychiatric, neurological, and neuropsychological evaluations have uncovered a multitude of signs, symptoms, and behaviors indicative of such disorders as

1984:

tendencies stated, "With regard to psychopathy, we have clear indications regarding why the pathology gives rise to the emotional and behavioral disturbance and important insights into the neural systems implicated in this pathology". Dadds et al., remarks that despite a rapidly advancing neuroscience of empathy, little is known about the developmental underpinnings of the psychopathic disconnect between affective and cognitive empathy.

1183:, a clinical neuroscientist also at the University of Southern California, one of this study's implications is that society may have to rethink how it judges immoral people: "Psychopaths often feel no empathy or remorse. Without that awareness, people relying exclusively on reasoning seem to find it harder to sort their way through moral thickets. Does that mean they should be held to different standards of accountability?" 2125:, may interact with other serotoninergic genes to create a hyper-regulation and dampening of affective processes that results in psychopathy's emotional impairments. Furthermore, the combination of the 5-HTTLPR long allele and high testosterone levels has been found to result in a reduced response to threat as measured by cortisol reactivity, which mirrors the fear deficits found in those with psychopathy. 1656:) amount of welfare found no significant differences between subjects high and low in psychopathy. However, a further study using the same tests found that prisoners scoring high on the PCL were more likely to endorse impersonal harm or rule violations than non-psychopathic controls were. The psychopathic offenders who scored low in anxiety were also more willing to endorse personal harm on average. 2665:

prevalence of 0.6% scoring 13 or more. However, if the scoring was adjusted to the recommended 18 or more, this would have left the prevalence closer to 0.1%. The scores correlated with younger age, male gender, suicide attempts, violence, imprisonment, homelessness, drug dependence, personality disorders (histrionic, borderline and antisocial), and panic and obsessive–compulsive disorders.

1777: 12972: 1098:

from psychopathy, for example". Psychopathy and machiavellianism were also correlated similarly in responses to affective stimuli, and both are negatively correlated with recognition of facial emotions. Many have suggested merging the dark triad traits (especially Machiavellianism and psychopathy) into one construct, given empirical studies which show immense overlap.

973:. Lacking empathy and close attachments with others, disdain of close attachments, use of cruelty to gain empowerment, exploitative tendencies, defiance of authority, and destructive excitement seeking. The PCL-R in general is related to this but in particular some elements in Factor 1. Similar to PPI, but also includes elements of subscales in impulsive antisociality. 1474:

mid-adolescence to adulthood. In one study most of the similarities were on the Impulsive- and Antisocial-Behavior scales. Of those adolescents who scored in the top 5% highest psychopathy scores at age 13, less than one third (29%) were classified as psychopathic at age 24. Some recent studies have also found poorer ability at predicting long-term, adult offending.

1021:). They suggest that while for legal or other practical purposes an arbitrary cut-off point on trait scores might be used, there is actually no clear scientific evidence for an objective point of difference by which to label some people "psychopaths"; in other words, a "psychopath" may be more accurately described as someone who is "relatively psychopathic". 1001:, may underlie PCL-R psychopathy, allowing it to be measured and analyzed. However, this was only found for the behavioral Factor 2 items they identified, child problem behaviors; adult criminal behavior did not support the existence of a taxon. Marcus, John, and Edens more recently performed a series of statistical analyses on 1489:

DSM allows differentiating between childhood onset before age 10 and adolescent onset at age 10 and later. Childhood onset is argued to be more due to a personality disorder caused by neurological deficits interacting with an adverse environment. For many, but not all, childhood onset is associated with what is in

2696:

However, psychologists Fritzon and Board, in their study comparing the incidence of personality disorders in business executives against criminals detained in a mental hospital, found that the profiles of some senior business managers contained significant elements of personality disorders, including

2505:

are ineffective at modifying the behavior of psychopathic individuals as they are insensitive to punishment or threat. These failures have led to a widely pessimistic view on its treatment prospects, a view that is exacerbated by the little research being done into psychopathy compared to the efforts

2414:

It has been suggested that psychopathy may be comorbid with several other conditions than these, but limited work on comorbidity has been carried out. This may be partly due to difficulties in using inpatient groups from certain institutions to assess comorbidity, owing to the likelihood of some bias

2163:

to affect the predictive ability of the PCL-R. Monoamine oxidases (MAOs) are enzymes that are involved in the breakdown of neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine and are, therefore, capable of influencing feelings, mood, and behavior in individuals. Findings suggest that further research is

1899:

individuals, relative to the population of psychopathic individuals, to be exploited. It is also suggested that some traits associated with psychopathy such as early, promiscuous, adulterous, and coercive sexuality may increase reproductive success. Robert Hare has stated that many psychopathic males

1861:

have also been observed in psychopathy. For example, psychopathic antisocial personality traits are more noticeable in males while histrionic personality traits are more evident in females. In addition, women are more likely to experience internalizing psychopathology than men and males may exhibit a

1745:

to emotional stimuli, deficits in aversive conditioning, similar preferences in moral and economic decision making, and diminished empathy and social emotions like guilt or shame. These emotional and moral impairments may be especially severe when the brain injury occurs at a young age. Children with

1683:

studies of the personality characteristics typical of individuals with psychopathy have found moderate genetic (as well as non-genetic) influences. On the PPI, fearless dominance and impulsive antisociality were similarly influenced by genetic factors and uncorrelated with each other. Genetic factors

1469:

The PCL:YV is an adaptation of the PCL-R for individuals aged 13–18 years. It is, like the PCL-R, done by a trained rater based on an interview and an examination of criminal and other records. The "Antisocial Process Screening Device" (APSD) is also an adaptation of the PCL-R. It can be administered

890:

Psychopaths are social predators who charm, manipulate, and ruthlessly plow their way through life, leaving a broad trail of broken hearts, shattered expectations, and empty wallets. Completely lacking in conscience and in feelings for others, they selfishly take what they want and do as they please,

2585:

In the United Kingdom, "psychopathic disorder" was legally defined in the Mental Health Act (UK), under MHA1983, as "a persistent disorder or disability of mind (whether or not including significant impairment of intelligence) which results in abnormally aggressive or seriously irresponsible conduct

2561:

of the PCL-R can be high when used carefully in research but tend to be poor in applied settings. In particular Factor 1 items are somewhat subjective. In sexually violent predator cases the PCL-R scores given by prosecution experts were consistently higher than those given by defense experts in one

2533:

may be effective in reducing various behavioral dysfunctions in a sample of high-security hospital inpatients with antisocial personality disorder and psychopathic traits. However, research into the pharmacological treatment of psychopathy and the related condition antisocial personality disorder is

2509:

Although the core character deficits of highly psychopathic individuals are likely to be highly incorrigible to the currently available treatment methods, the antisocial and criminal behavior associated with it may be more amenable to management, the management of which being the main aim of therapy

2402:

in terms of fearlessness, planning of acts, empathy deficits, callous behaviour, and sometimes superficial charisma. Studies investigating similarities and differences between psychopathy and autism indicate that autism and psychopathy are not part of the same construct. Rather both conditions might

1983:

studies, experts are able to visualize specific brain differences and abnormalities of individuals with psychopathy in areas that control emotions, social interactions, ethics, morality, regret, impulsivity and conscience within the brain. Blair, a researcher who pioneered research into psychopathic

1882:

Psychopathy is associated with several adverse life outcomes as well as increased risk of disability and death due to factors such as violence, accidents, homicides, and suicides. This, in combination with the evidence for genetic influences, is evolutionarily puzzling and may suggest that there are

1844:

Psychopathy is a personality disorder of affective, interpersonal, and behavioral dimensions that begins in childhood and manifests as aggressive actions in early or late adolescence. Childhood trauma affects vulnerability to different forms of psychopathology and traits associated with it. Parental

1501:

may be associated with life-course-persistent antisocial behaviors as well as psychopathy. There is evidence that this combination is more aggressive and antisocial than those with conduct disorder alone. However, it is not a particularly distinct group since the vast majority of young children with

1488:

Conduct disorder is diagnosed based on a prolonged pattern of antisocial behavior in childhood and/or adolescence, and may be seen as a precursor to ASPD. Some researchers have speculated that there are two subtypes of conduct disorder which mark dual developmental pathways to adult psychopathy. The

1343:

violence. In addition, studies conducted by the authors or translators of violence prediction measures, including the PCL, show on average more positive results than those conducted by more independent investigators. There are several other risk assessment instruments which can predict further crime

1292:

with institutional misbehavior, postrelease crime, or postrelease violent crime with similar effects for the three outcomes. Individual studies give similar results for adult offenders, forensic psychiatric samples, community samples, and youth. The PCL-R is poorer at predicting sexual re-offending.

722:

is preferred by those who believe that there are psychological, biological, and genetic factors involved in addition to environmental factors. Hare also provides his own definitions: he describes psychopathy as lacking a sense of empathy or morality, but sociopathy as only differing from the average

2668:

Psychopathy has a much higher prevalence in the convicted and incarcerated population, where it is thought that an estimated 15–25% of prisoners qualify for the diagnosis. A study on a sample of inmates in the UK found that 7.7% of the inmates interviewed met the PCL-R cut-off of 30 for a diagnosis

2144:

metabolite). Studies have found that individuals with the traits meeting criteria for psychopathy show a greater dopamine response to potential "rewards" such as monetary promises or taking drugs such as amphetamines. This has been theoretically linked to increased impulsivity. A 2010 British study

2070:

Considerable research has documented the presence of the two subtypes of primary and secondary psychopathy. Proponents of the primary-secondary psychopathy distinction and triarchic model argue that there are neurological differences between these subgroups of psychopathy which support their views.

1178:

lack the ability to empathically feel their way to moral answers, and that when confronted with moral dilemmas, these brain-damaged patients coldly came up with "end-justifies-the-means" answers, leading Damasio to conclude that the point was not that they reached immoral conclusions, but that when

11147:

Nioche A, Pham T, Ducro C, De Beaurepaire C, Chudzik L, Courtois R, Réveillère C (2010). "Psychopathie et troubles de la personnalité associés: Recherche d'un effet particulier au trouble borderline ?" [Psychopathy and associated personality disorders: Searching for a particular effect of

2630:

Starting in the 1930s, before some modern concepts of psychopathy were developed, "sexual psychopath" laws, the term referring broadly to mental illness, were introduced by some states, and by the mid-1960s more than half of the states had such laws. Sexual offenses were considered to be caused by

2443:

pattern. Studies on this have shown mixed results. PCL-R scores may be somewhat less predictive of violence and recidivism in women. On the other hand, psychopathy may have a stronger relationship with suicide and possibly internalizing symptoms in women. A suggestion is that psychopathy manifests

2235:

The TriPM includes various components of other measures for assessing psychopathy, including meanness and disinhibition patterns within the psychopathic personality. However, there are differing approaches in the measurement of the boldness construct. The boldness construct is used to highlighting

1907:

Criticism includes that it may be better to look at the contributing personality factors rather than treat psychopathy as a unitary concept due to poor testability. Furthermore, if psychopathy is caused by the combined effects of a very large number of adverse mutations then each mutation may have

1254:

The importance of low anxiety/fearlessness to psychopathy has historically been underscored through behavioral and physiological studies showing diminished responses to threatening stimuli (interpersonal and affective facets both contributing). However, it is not known whether this is reflected in

11569:

In the UK, Murphy (2007) found that none of the patients with Asperger syndrome at Broadmoor Hospital received an overall score on the PCL–R above the cut-off for psychopathy. Interestingly, in the different domains of the PCL–R these individuals frequently received higher scores on the affective

5839:

Results indicated that primary psychopathy and Machiavellianism were positively associated with the experience of positive affect from sad stimuli, while secondary psychopathy and Machiavellianism were positively associated with the experience of negative affect in response to neutral stimuli"---

2651:

rates, though it is noted that one of the frequently cited studies finding increased criminal recidivism after treatment, a 2011 retrospective study of a treatment program in the 1960s, had several serious methodological problems and likely would not be approved of today. However, some relatively

2634:

Starting in 1970, many of these laws were modified or abolished in favor of more traditional responses such as imprisonment due to criticism of the "sexual psychopath" concept as lacking scientific evidence, the treatment being ineffective, and predictions of future offending being dubious. There

2459:

Studies have also found that women in prison score significantly lower on psychopathy than men, with one study reporting only 11 percent of violent females in prison met the psychopathy criteria in comparison to 31 percent of violent males. Other studies have also indicated that high psychopathic

2231:

The Triarchic Psychopathy Measure, otherwise known as the TriPM, is a 58-item, self-report assessment that measures psychopathy within the three traits identified in the triarchic model: boldness, meanness and disinhibition. Each trait is measured on separate subscales and added up resulting in a

2095:

have been theorized as contributing factors. Testosterone is "associated with approach-related behavior, reward sensitivity, and fear reduction", and injecting testosterone "shift the balance from punishment to reward sensitivity", decreases fearfulness, and increases "responding to angry faces".

1513:

across multiple settings and relationships. The specifier is based on research which suggests that those with conduct disorder who also meet criteria for the specifier tend to have a more severe form of the disorder with an earlier onset as well as a different response to treatment. Proponents of

1410:

into homes with a non-offending parent and children, it has been advised that any sex offender with a significant criminal history should be assessed on the PCL-R, and if they score 18 or higher, then they should be excluded from any consideration of being placed in a home with children under any

1387:, psychopathy was associated with more offences. A study on the relationship between psychopathy scores and types of aggression in a sample of sexual murderers, in which 84.2% of the sample had PCL-R scores above 20 and 47.4% above 30, found that 82.4% of those with scores above 30 had engaged in 1280:

In terms of simple correlations, the PCL-R manual states an average score of 22.1 has been found in North American prisoner samples, and that 20.5% scored 30 or higher. An analysis of prisoner samples from outside North America found a somewhat lower average value of 17.5. Studies have found that

1097:

has asserted that the difference that most miss is that while both are characterized by manipulativeness and unemotionality, psychopaths tend to be more reckless. One study asserted that "the ability to adapt, reappraise and reassess a situation may be key factors differentiating Machiavellianism

2423:

Research on psychopathy has largely been done on men and the PCL-R was developed using mainly male criminal samples, raising the question of how well the results apply to women. Men score higher than women on both the PCL-R and the PPI and on both of their main scales. The differences tend to be

1671:

studies have identified potential genetic and non-genetic contributors to psychopathy, including influences on brain function. Proponents of the triarchic model believe that psychopathy results from the interaction of genetic predispositions and an adverse environment. What is adverse may differ

1636:

regions. The underlying biological surfaces for processing expressions of happiness are functionally intact in psychopaths, although less responsive than those of controls. The neuroimaging literature is unclear as to whether deficits are specific to particular emotions such as fear. The overall

819:

hospital in Georgia to provide a description for psychopathy. Cleckley used the metaphor of the "mask" to refer to the tendency of psychopaths to appear confident, personable, and well-adjusted compared to most psychiatric patients, while revealing underlying pathology through their actions over

2062:

study of how individuals with psychopathy respond to emotional words, widespread differences in activation patterns have been shown across the temporal lobe when psychopathic criminals were compared to "normal" volunteers, which is consistent with views in clinical psychology. Additionally, the

1712:

A study by Farrington of a sample of London males followed between age 8 and 48 included studying which factors scored 10 or more on the PCL:SV at age 48. The strongest factors included having a convicted parent, being physically neglected, low involvement of the father with the boy, low family

1114:

The concept and subsequent reification of the diagnosis "psychopathy" has, to this author's mind, hampered the understanding of criminality and violence. According to Hare, in many cases one need not even meet the patient. Just rummage through his records to determine what items seemed to fit.

2737:

to staff above their level in the workplace hierarchy, aiding their ascent through the organization, but abusive to staff below their level, and can do enormous damage when they are positioned in senior management roles. Psychopathy as measured by the PCL-R is associated with lower performance

2692:

There is limited research on psychopathy in the general work populace, in part because the PCL-R includes antisocial behavior as a significant core factor (obtaining a PCL-R score above the threshold is unlikely without having significant scores on the antisocial-lifestyle factor) and does not

2664:

A 2008 study using the PCL:SV found that 1.2% of a US sample scored 13 or more out of 24, indicating "potential psychopathy". The scores correlated significantly with violence, alcohol use, and lower intelligence. A 2009 British study by Coid et al., also using the PCL:SV, reported a community

2222:

Unlike the PCL, the Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI) was developed to comprehensively index personality traits without explicitly referring to antisocial or criminal behaviors themselves. It is a self-report scale that was developed originally for non-clinical samples (e.g. university

1833:

in adulthood remains an active research question. According to Hervey M. Cleckley, a psychopathic person is someone who is able to imitate a normal functioning person, while masking or concealing their lack of internal personality structure. This results in an internal disorder with recurrent

1473:

There is positive correlation between early negative life events of the ages 0–4 and the emotion-based aspects of psychopathy. There are moderate to high correlations between psychopathy rankings from late childhood to early adolescence. The correlations are considerably lower from early- or

1308:

It has been suggested that psychopathy is associated with "instrumental aggression", also known as predatory, proactive, or "cold blooded" aggression, a form of aggression characterized by reduced emotion and conducted with a goal differing from but facilitated by the commission of harm. One

1016:

repeated the study on a larger sample of prisoners, using the PCL-R and seeking to rule out other experimental or statistical issues that may have produced the previously different findings. They again found that the psychopathy measurements do not appear to be identifying a discrete type (a

2367:

Factor 1 and the boldness scale of psychopathy measurements are associated with narcissism and histrionic personality disorder. This is due to a psychopath's cognitive and affective egocentrism. However, while a narcissistic individual might view themselves as confident, they might seek out

1391:

violence (defined as enjoyment indicated by self-report or evidence) compared to 52.6% of those with scores below 30, and total PCL-R and Factor 1 scores correlated significantly with sadistic violence. Despite this, it is reported that offenders with psychopathy (both sexual and non-sexual

1250:

Cleckley's (1941) original description of psychopathy included the absence of nervousness and neurotic disorders, and later theorists referred to psychopaths as fearless or thick-skinned. While it is often claimed that the PCL-R does not include low anxiety or fearlessness, such features do

10324: 2639:, including registration, housing restrictions, public notification, mandatory reporting by health care professionals, and civil commitment, which permits indefinite confinement after a sentence has been completed. Psychopathy measurements may be used in the confinement decision process. 1535:

regions of the brain have been associated with specific learning impairments in psychopathy. Damage to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, which regulates the activity in the amygdala, leads to common characteristics in psychopathic individuals.Since the 1980s, scientists have linked

1746:

early damage in the prefrontal cortex may never fully develop social or moral reasoning and become "psychopathic individuals ... characterized by high levels of aggression and antisocial behavior performed without guilt or empathy for their victims". Additionally, damage to the

1383:, with some researchers arguing that it is correlated with a preference for violent sexual behavior. A 2011 study of conditional releases for Canadian male federal offenders found that psychopathy was related to more violent and non-violent offences but not more sexual offences. For 874:

argues that Hitler's actions do not warrant a diagnosis of psychopathy as, although he showed several characteristics of criminality, he was not always egocentric, callously disregarding of feelings or lacking impulse control, and there is no proof he could not learn from mistakes.

1179:

they were confronted by a difficult issue – in this case as whether to shoot down a passenger plane hijacked by terrorists before it hits a major city – these patients appear to reach decisions without the anguish that afflicts those with typically functioning brains. According to

2562:

study. The scoring may also be influenced by other differences between raters. In one study it was estimated that of the PCL-R variance, about 45% was due to true offender differences, 20% was due to which side the rater testified for, and 30% was due to other rater differences.

1453:

fanaticism often to the extreme of sacrificing oneself for an ideological cause. Traits such as a self-centered disposition, unreliability, poor behavioral controls, and unusual behaviors may disadvantage or preclude psychopathic individuals in conducting organized terrorism.

1659:

Assessing accidents, where one person harmed another unintentionally, psychopaths judged such actions to be more morally permissible. This result has been considered a reflection of psychopaths' failure to appreciate the emotional aspect of the victim's harmful experience.

12578:

Boddy. C. R (2005) "'The Implications for Business Performance and Corporate Social Responsibility of Corporate Psychopaths" in 2nd International Conference on Business Performance and Corporate Social Responsibility, ed. M. Hopkins, Middlesex University Business School,

1999:

regions that are involved in emotional and learning processes, among others. Neuroimaging studies have found structural and functional differences between those scoring high and low on the PCL-R in a 2011 review by Skeem et al. stating that they are "most notably in the

2271:

The first edition of the DSM in 1952 had a section on sociopathic personality disturbances, then a general term that included such things as homosexuality and alcoholism as well as an "antisocial reaction" and "dyssocial reaction". The latter two eventually became

2753:

psychopaths have a natural advantage in workplaces overrun by abusive supervision, and are more likely to thrive under abusive bosses, being more resistant to stress, including interpersonal abuse, and having less of a need for positive relationships than others.

961:. Poor impulse control including problems with planning and foresight, lacking affect and urge control, demand for immediate gratification, and poor behavioral restraints. Similar to PCL-R Factor 2 and PPI impulsive antisociality. May correspond to impairments in 1024:

The PCL-R was developed for research, not clinical forensic diagnosis, and even for research purposes to improve understanding of the underlying issues, it is necessary to examine dimensions of personality in general rather than only a constellation of traits.

8524:

Decety, J., & Skelly, L. (2013). The neural underpinnings of the experience of empathy: Lessons for psychopathy. In K. N. Ochsner and S. M. Kosslyn (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Neuroscience – Volume 2 (pp. 228-243). New York: Oxford University

835:(DSM) had some key similarities to Cleckley's ideas, though in 1980 when renamed Antisocial Personality Disorder some of the underlying personality assumptions were removed. In 1980, Canadian psychologist Robert D. Hare introduced an alternative measure, the " 1737:, with psychopathic behavior and a deficient ability to make morally and socially acceptable decisions, a condition that has been termed "acquired sociopathy", or "pseudopsychopathy". Individuals with damage to the area of the prefrontal cortex known as the 2063:

notion of psychopathy being characterized by low fear is consistent with findings of abnormalities in the amygdala, since deficits in aversive conditioning and instrumental learning are thought to result from amygdala dysfunction, potentially compounded by

2038:

The amygdala and frontal areas have been suggested as particularly important. People scoring 25 or higher in the PCL-R, with an associated history of violent behavior, appear on average to have significantly reduced microstructural integrity between the

1255:

reduced experience of state fear or where it reflects impaired detection and response to threat-related stimuli. Moreover, such deficits in threat responding are known to be reduced or even abolished when attention is focused on the threatening stimuli.

2631:

underlying mental illnesses, and it was thought that sex offenders should be treated, in agreement with the general rehabilitative trends at this time. Courts committed sex offenders to a mental health facility for community protection and treatment.

1212:

Disagreement exists over which features should be considered as part of psychopathy, with researchers identifying around 40 traits supposedly indicative of the construct, though the following characteristics are almost universally considered central.

2656:. Various other studies have found improvements in risk factors for crime such as substance abuse. No study has yet examined whether the personality traits that form the core character disturbances of psychopathy could be changed by such treatments. 12464: 2823:

have varied over the years and continue to change even now, many of the characters characterized as psychopathic in notable works at the time of publication may no longer fit the current definition and conception of psychopathy. There are several

1191:

Socially, psychopathy typically involves extensive callous and manipulative self-serving behaviors with no regard for others, and often is associated with repeated delinquency, crime and violence. Mentally, impairments in processes related to

10086:

van de Giessen E, Rosell DR, Thompson JL, Xu X, Girgis RR, Ehrlich Y, Slifstein M, Abi-Dargham A, Siever LJ (November 2014). "Serotonin transporter availability in impulsive aggressive personality disordered patients: A PET study with DASB".

5751:

Benning, S. D., Patrick, C. J., Hicks, B. M., Blonigen, D. M., & Krueger, R. F. (2003). Factor structure of the psychopathic personality inventory: validity and implications for clinical assessment. Psychological assessment, 15(3),

4753: 2280:

in the ICD. Both manuals have stated that their diagnoses have been referred to, or include what is referred to, as psychopathy or sociopathy, although neither diagnostic manual has ever included a disorder officially titled as such.

2704:

Academics on this subject believe that although psychopathy is manifested in only a small percentage of workplace staff, it is more common at higher levels of corporate organizations, and its negative effects (for example, increased

2200:, and his own research on criminals and incarcerated offenders in Canada. The PCL-R is widely used and is referred to by some as the "gold standard" for assessing psychopathy. There are nonetheless numerous criticisms of the PCL-R 5761:

Kastner, Rebecca M., Martin Sellbom, and Scott O. Lilienfeld. "A comparison of the psychometric properties of the psychopathic personality inventory full-length and short-form versions." Psychological Assessment 24, no. 1 (2012):

1371:, and predatory behavior. It has also been found that the homicide victims of psychopathic offenders were disproportionately female in comparison to the more equitable gender distribution of victims of non-psychopathic offenders. 2116:

response, while inversely associated with impulsive and antisocial traits, were positively correlated with arrogant and deceitful traits, and, to a lesser extent, callous and remorseless traits. Bariş Yildirim theorizes that the

1221:

Cooke and Michie (2001) proposed a three-factor model of the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised which has seen widespread application in other measures (e.g. Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory, Antisocial Process Screening Device).

1093:. Several psychologists have asserted that subclinical psychopathy and Machiavellianism are more or less interchangeable. There is a subscale on the Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI) dubbed "Machiavellian Egocentricity". 5893:

Lewis D, Yeager C, Blake P, Bard B, Strenziok M (2004). "Ethics Questions Raised by the Neuropsychiatric, Neuropsychological, Educational, Developmental, and Family Characteristics of 18 Juveniles Awaiting Execution in Texas".

9365: 2268:(APA). Both list categories of disorders thought to be distinct types, and have deliberately converged their codes in recent revisions so that the manuals are often broadly comparable, although significant differences remain. 1548:

in psychopaths, whether punishment-based or reward-based. People scoring 25 or higher in the PCL-R, with an associated history of violent behavior, appear to have significantly reduced mean microstructural integrity in their

923:

The triarchic model suggests that different conceptions of psychopathy emphasize three observable characteristics to various degrees. Analyses have been made with respect to the applicability of measurement tools such as the

8401: 1908:

such a small effect that it escapes natural selection. The personality is thought to be influenced by a very large number of genes and may be disrupted by random mutations, and psychopathy may instead be a product of a high

1684:

may generally influence the development of psychopathy while environmental factors affect the specific expression of the traits that predominate. A study on a large group of children found more than 60% heritability for "

2387:

often co-occur with ASPD, and contrary to assumptions, psychopathy can sometimes be marked by anxiety; this appears to be related to items from Factor 2 but not Factor 1 of the PCL-R. Psychopathy is also associated with

5829:

Walker, Sarah A., et al. "Primary and secondary psychopathy relate to lower cognitive reappraisal: A meta-analysis of the Dark Triad and emotion regulation processes." Personality and Individual Differences 187 (2022):

1162:

were found to experience regret, but did not use the regret to guide their choice in behavior. There was no lack of regret but a problem to think through a range of potential actions and estimating the outcome values.

6750: 5741:

Miller, Joshua D.; Hyatt, Courtland S.; Maples-Keller, Jessica L.; Carter, Nathan T.; Lynam, Donald R. (2017). "Psychopathy and Machiavellianism: A Distinction Without a Difference?". Journal of Personality. 85 (4):

6686: 2586:

on the part of the person concerned". This term was intended to reflect the presence of a personality disorder in terms of conditions for detention under the Mental Health Act 1983. Amendments to MHA1983 within the

2565:

To aid a criminal investigation, certain interrogation approaches may be used to exploit and leverage the personality traits of suspects thought to have psychopathy and make them more likely to divulge information.

2103:

However, some studies on animal and human subjects have suggested that the emotional-interpersonal traits and predatory aggression of psychopathy, in contrast to impulsive and reactive aggression, is related to

1461:. Such individuals are sometimes referred to as "successful psychopaths", and may not necessarily always have extensive histories of traditional antisocial behavior as characteristic of traditional psychopathy. 10826:

Miller AK, Rufino KA, Boccaccini MT, Jackson RL, Murrie DC (2011). "On Individual Differences in Person Perception: Raters' Personality Traits Relate to Their Psychopathy Checklist-Revised Scoring Tendencies".

2111:

functioning. A study by Dolan and Anderson, regarding the relationship between serotonin and psychopathic traits in a sample of personality disordered offenders, found that serotonin functioning as measured by

6384: 4817: 4939:

Yildirim, Bariş O., and Jan JL Derksen. "Clarifying the heterogeneity in psychopathic samples: Towards a new continuum of primary and secondary psychopathy." Aggression and Violent Behavior 24 (2015): 9-41.

2652:

rigorous quasi-experimental studies using more modern treatment methods have found improvements regarding reducing future violent and other criminal behavior, regardless of PCL-R scores, although none were

1493:

referred to as "life-course- persistent" antisocial behavior as well as poorer health and economic status. Adolescent onset is argued to more typically be associated with short-term antisocial behavior.

846:

Famous individuals have sometimes been diagnosed, albeit at a distance, as psychopaths. As one example out of many possible from history, in a 1972 version of a secret report originally prepared for the

5840:

Ali, F., Amorim, I. S., & Chamorro-Premuzic, T. (2009). Empathy deficits and trait emotional intelligence in psychopathy and Machiavellianism. Personality and individual differences, 47(7), 758-762.

2411:. Likewise, some people with an Asperger Syndrome Diagnosis have shown correlations with the "unemotional" factor and "behavioural dyscontrol" factor of psychopathy, but not the "interpersonal" factor. 443:

settings in some nations and may have important consequences for individuals. The study of psychopathy is an active field of research. The term is also used by the general public, popular press, and in

1672:

depending on the underlying predisposition: for example, it is hypothesized that persons having high boldness may respond poorly to punishment but may respond better to rewards and secure attachments.

1441:

are sometimes considered psychopathic, and comparisons may be drawn with traits such as antisocial violence, a selfish world view that precludes the welfare of others, a lack of remorse or guilt, and

8896:

Dawel A, O'Kearney R, McKone E, Palermo R (2012-11-01). "Not just fear and sadness: meta-analytic evidence of pervasive emotion recognition deficits for facial and vocal expressions in psychopathy".

1887:

have proposed several evolutionary explanations. According to one hypothesis, some traits associated with psychopathy may be socially adaptive, and psychopathy may be a frequency-dependent, socially

7536:

Edens John F (2010). "Inter-rater reliability of the PCL-R total and factor scores among psychopathic sex offenders: are personality features more prone to disagreement than behavioral features?".

2819:, where the general characteristics and stereotypes associated with psychopathy are useful to facilitate conflict and danger. Because the definitions, criteria, and popular conceptions throughout 4743: 4491:

Skilling TA, Harris GT, Rice ME, Quinsey VL (March 2002). "Identifying persistently antisocial offenders using the Hare Psychopathy Checklist and DSM antisocial personality disorder criteria".

1457:

It may be that a significant portion of people with psychopathy are socially successful and tend to express their antisocial behavior through more covert avenues such as social manipulation or

2309:(LSRP) and the Hare Self-Report Psychopathy Scale (HSRP), but in terms of self-report tests, the PPI/PPI-R has become more used than either of these in modern psychopathy research on adults. 797:. It was often used to imply an underlying "constitutional" or genetic origin. Disparate early descriptions likely set the stage for modern controversies about the definition of psychopathy. 768:

originally described any illness of the mind, but found its application to a narrow subset of mental conditions when it was used toward the end of the 19th century by the German psychiatrist

1305:, and the PCL-R emphasizes features that are somewhat predictive of violent behavior. Researchers, however, have noted that psychopathy is dissociable from and not synonymous with violence. 8034:

Hinshaw, S. P., & Lee, S. S. (2003). Conduct and oppositional defiant disorders. In E. J. Mash & R. A. Barkley (Eds.), Child psychopathology (pp. 144-198). New York: Guilford Press.

7064:

Singh JP, Grann M, Fazel S (Apr 2011). "A comparative study of violence risk assessment tools: a systematic review and metaregression analysis of 68 studies involving 25,980 participants".

6568: 5991:

Larsen RR, Jalava J, Griffiths S (August 2020). "Are Psychopathy Checklist (PCL) psychopaths dangerous, untreatable, and without conscience? A systematic review of the empirical evidence".

1316:

find that abusers have high rates of psychopathy, with the prevalence estimated to be at around 15-30%. Furthermore, the commission of domestic violence is correlated with Factor 1 of the

989:. Furthermore, according to this view, psychopathy may be linked to at least some interpersonally successful outcomes, such as effective leadership, business accomplishments, and heroism. 4449: 7307:

Williams KM, Cooper BS, Howell TM, Yuille JC, Paulhus DL (2008). "Inferring Sexually Deviant Behavior from Corresponding Fantasies: The Role of Personality and Pornography Consumption".

2647:

The prognosis for psychopathy in forensic and clinical settings is quite poor, with some studies reporting that treatment may worsen the antisocial aspects of psychopathy as measured by

2431:

Many associations with other personality traits are similar, although in one study the antisocial factor was more strongly related with impulsivity in men and more strongly related with

11549: 12129: 10727: 11340: 9357: 7821: 2590:

abolished the term "psychopathic disorder", with all conditions for detention (e.g. mental illness, personality disorder, etc.) encompassed by the generic term of "mental disorder".

2075:, while the disinhibition factor is argued to be associated with impairment of frontal lobe tasks. There is evidence that boldness and disinhibition are genetically distinguishable. 14130: 14050: 8370: 5672:

Chabrol H., Van Leeuwen N., Rodgers R., Sejourne N. (2009). "Contributions of psychopathic, narcissistic, Machiavellian, and sadistic personality traits to juvenile delinquency".

5437:

Aggressivity, Narcissism, and Self-Destructiveness in the Psychotherapeutic Relationship: New Developments in the Psychopathology and Psychotherapy of Severe Personality Disorders

6234: 2489:

for their condition, and can be uncooperative in therapy. Attempts to treat psychopathy with the current tools available to psychiatry have been disappointing. Harris and Rice's

6540: 11186:

Hildebrand M, De Ruiter C (2004). "PCL-R psychopathy and its relation to DSM-IV Axis I and II disorders in a sample of male forensic psychiatric patients in the Netherlands".

9152: 2693:

include positive adjustment characteristics, and most researchers have studied psychopathy in incarcerated criminals, a relatively accessible population of research subjects.

1514:

different types/dimensions of psychopathy have seen this as possibly corresponding to adult primary psychopathy and increased boldness and/or meanness in the triarchic model.

12298: 1834:

deliberate and detrimental conduct. Despite presenting themselves as serious, bright, and charming, psychopathic people are unable to experience true emotions. Robert Hare's

920:

It has been suggested that those who share the same emotional deficiencies and psychopathic features, but are properly socialized, should not be designated as 'psychopaths'.

6678: 5849:

Wai, M., & Tiliopoulos, N. (2012). The affective and cognitive empathic nature of the dark triad of personality. Personality and individual differences, 52(7), 794-799.

11928: 2444:

more as externalizing behaviors in men and more as internalizing behaviors in women. Furthermore, one study has suggested substantial gender differences were found in the

10996: 9124: 2071:

For instance, the boldness factor in the triarchic model is argued to be associated with reduced activity in the amygdala during fearful or aversive stimuli and reduced

1449:, argues that such comparisons could also then be drawn more widely: for example, to soldiers in wars. Coordinated terrorist activity requires organization, loyalty and 1106:

The current conceptions of psychopathy have been criticized for being poorly conceptualized, highly subjective, and encompassing a wide variety of underlying disorders.

7106: 12053: 10788:

Ethics Questions Raised by the Neuropsychiatric, Neuropsychological, Educational, Developmental, and Family Characteristics of 18 Juveniles Awaiting Execution in Texas

8704:

Blair R, E. Colledge, D.G. Mitchell (2001a). "Somatic markers and response reversal: is there orbitofrontal cortex dysfunction in boys with psychopathic tendencies?".

7455:"Psychopathy and the combination of psychopathy and sexual deviance as predictors of sexual recidivism: Meta-analytic findings using the Psychopathy Checklist—Revised" 6374: 3495: 2513:

Psychiatric medications may also alleviate co-occurring conditions sometimes associated with psychopathy or with symptoms such as aggression or impulsivity, including

1842:

model have both been developed to better understand psychopathy; however, whether the root cause is primarily environmental or primarily genetic is still in question.

1411:

circumstances. There is, however, increasing concern that PCL scores are too inconsistent between different examiners, including in its use to evaluate sex offenders.

714:, whereas in other cases the two terms may be used with different meanings that reflect the user's views on its origins and determinants. Hare contended that the term 10287:"Systematic review, structural analysis, and new theoretical perspectives on the role of serotonin and associated genes in the etiology of psychopathy and sociopathy" 14155: 12023: 5858:

Glenn, A. L., & Sellbom, M. (2015). Theoretical and empirical concerns regarding the dark triad as a construct. Journal of personality disorders, 29(3), 360-377.

2613:

if they have committed serious crimes, but since such individuals are disruptive to other patients and not responsive to usual treatment methods this alternative to

583:

was also used in Germany from 1841, originally in a very general sense. The suffix -ωσις (-osis) meant in this case "abnormal condition". This term or its adjective

10403:

Buckholtz JW, Treadway MT, Cowan RL, Woodward ND, Benning SD, Li R, Ansari MS, Baldwin RM, Schwartzman AN, Shelby ES, Smith CE, Cole D, Kessler RM, Zald DH (2010).

2501:

might gain the skills to become more adept at the manipulation and deception of others and be more likely to commit crime. Some studies suggest that punishment and

13991: 13986: 13981: 9959:

Lee R, Coccaro ER (2007). "Neurobiology of impulsive aggression: Focus on serotonin and the orbitofrontal cortex". In Flannery DJ, Vazsonyi AT, Waldman ID (eds.).

3760:

Delisi M, Vaughn MG, Beaver KM, Wright JP (2009). "The Hannibal Lecter Myth: Psychopathy and Verbal Intelligence in the MacArthur Violence Risk Assessment Study".

420:. The creation of ASPD and DPD was driven by the fact that many of the classic traits of psychopathy were impossible to measure objectively. Canadian psychologist 12668: 1787: 10037:"The other allele: Exploring the long allele of the serotonin transporter gene as a potential risk factor for psychopathy: A review of the parallels in findings" 3038:"Psychopathic personality traits stress immunity and social potency moderate the relationship between emotional competence and cognitive functions in depression" 2506:

committed to other mental illnesses, which makes it more difficult to gain the understanding of this condition that is necessary to develop effective therapies.

2293:

that contain subscales relating to psychopathy, though they assess relatively non-specific tendencies towards antisocial or criminal behavior. These include the

11906: 6872:

Swogger MT, Walsh Z, Kosson DS (May 2007). "Domestic violence and psychopathic traits: distinguishing the antisocial batterer from other antisocial offenders".

4412:"Examining the DSM–5 alternative personality disorder model operationalization of antisocial personality disorder and psychopathy in a male correctional sample" 1241:: impulsivity, sensation-seeking and risk-taking, irresponsible and unreliable behavior, financially parasitic lifestyle and lack of realistic, long-term goals. 1235:: lack of remorse or guilt, shallow affect (coldness and unemotionality), callousness and lack of empathy, and failure to accept responsibility for own actions. 13674: 2784:, and research. The character may be identified as having psychopathy within the fictional work itself, by its creators, or from the opinions of audiences and 9047: 13447: 9945: 4702: 2260: 1200:, particularly socially related mental processes, have also been found. Developmentally, symptoms of psychopathy have been identified in young children with 386: 7955: 3108:

Patrick C, Fowles D, Krueger R (August 2009). "Triarchic conceptualization of psychopathy: Developmental origins of disinhibition, boldness, and meanness".

2497:

are known to or have been trialed for alleviating the emotional, interpersonal and moral deficits of psychopathy, and patients with psychopathy who undergo

949:. The PCL-R measures this relatively poorly and mainly through Facet 1 of Factor 1. Similar to PPI fearless dominance. May correspond to differences in the 839:" (PCL) based largely on Cleckley's criteria, which was revised in 1991 (PCL-R), and is the most widely used measure of psychopathy. There are also several 14316: 11724: 9308: 6450: 6116:

de Almeida RM, Cabral JC, Narvaes R (2015). "Behavioural, hormonal and neurobiological mechanisms of aggressive behaviour in human and nonhuman primates".

5236: 3762: 1576:, including with regards to verbal IQ, Hare and Neumann state that a large literature demonstrates at most only a weak association between psychopathy and 12260: 10870:

Lilienfeld SO, Widows MR (2005). "Psychopathic Personality Inventory—Revised (PPI-R) professional manual". Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.

6349: 3938: 3872: 3842: 12862:

Stone, Michael H., M.D. & Brucato, Gary, Ph.D., The New Evil: Understanding the Emergence of Modern Violent Crime (Amherst, N.Y.: Prometheus Books).

10605: 7842:

Roose A, Bijttebier P, Van der Oord S, Claes L, Lilienfeld SO (2013-01-01). "Psychopathic Traits in Youth and Associations with Temperamental Features".

5774:"Jones, D. N., & Paulhus, D. L. (2014). Introducing the Short Dark Triad (SD3): A Brief Measure of Dark Personality Traits. Assessment, 21(1), 28–41" 1862:

stronger association between boldness and the experience of neglect as a child, as well as between meanness and the experience of childhood maltreatment.

10654:"What are the differences between the psychopathy definitions designed by Hare and by Cleckley?" Editor: Ellsworth Lapham Fersch. iUniverse, 30 Oct 2006 7344:

Porter S, Woodworth M, Earle J, Drugge J, Boer D (2003). "Characteristics of sexual homicides committed by psychopathic and nonpsychopathic offenders".

3905: 1229:: impression management or superficial charm, inflated and grandiose sense of self-worth, pathological lying/deceit, and manipulation for personal gain. 13998: 12125: 10910: 8094: 11133: 11025: 7107:"Violence risk meta-meta: Instrument choice does matter: Despite popularity, psychopathy test and actuarials not superior to other prediction methods" 2733:. Employees with the disorder are self-serving opportunists, and may disadvantage their own organizations to further their own interests. They may be 13971: 13523: 11435:"Examining the genetic and environmental associations between autistic social and communication deficits and psychopathic callous-unemotional traits" 7253: 1490: 11877:"Punishment and psychopathy: a case-control functional MRI investigation of reinforcement learning in violent antisocial personality disordered men" 5964:

Martens W (June 2008). "The problem with Robert Hare's psychopathy checklist: incorrect conclusions, high risk of misuse, and lack of reliability".

4175: 4074: 2669:

of psychopathy. A study on a sample of inmates in Iran using the PCL:SV found a prevalence of 23% scoring 18 or more. A study by Nathan Brooks from

13866: 10560: 8168: 12153:"Clozapine: an effective treatment for seriously violent and psychopathic men with antisocial personality disorder in a UK high-security hospital" 5371:

Widiger TA, Lynam DR (2002). "Psychopathy and the Five-Factor Model of Personality". In Millon T, Simonsen E, Birket-Smith M, et al. (eds.).

3735: 2673:

found that around one in five corporate bosses display clinically significant psychopathic traits - a proportion similar to that among prisoners.

9538: 7278:

Porter S, Brinke L, Wilson K (2009). "Crime profiles and conditional release performance of psychopathic and non-psychopathic sexual offenders".

3264:"Examining the associations between DSM-5 section III antisocial personality disorder traits and psychopathy in community and university samples" 1048:—a theorized dimension referring to tough, aggressive or hostile tendencies. Aspects of this that appear associated with psychopathy are lack of 9855:"Multifinality in the development of personality disorders: A Biology × Sex × Environment interaction model of antisocial and borderline traits" 3599: 2635:

were also a series of cases where persons treated and released committed new sexual offenses. Starting in the 1990s, several states have passed

1798: 627:

to designate any criminal whose offenses are particularly abhorrent and unnatural, but that is not its original or general psychiatric meaning.

8799:

Stevens D, Charman T, Blair R (2001). "Recognition of emotion in facial expressions and vocal tones in children with psychopathic tendencies".

1845:

behaviors such as rejection, abuse, neglect or over protection show some relationship with the development of detrimental psychopathic traits.

14179: 14135: 13941: 13616: 10719: 9555:

Dadds M, et al. (2010). "Learning to 'talk the talk': the relationship of psychopathic traits to deficits in empathy across childhood".

6635: 5117: 2924: 2156:

exposure, was a "positive correlate of psychopathy in females, and a positive correlate of callous affect (psychopathy sub-scale) in males".

981:

combination of superficial charm, poise, emotional resilience, and venturesomeness on the outside but deep-seated affective disturbances and

6605: 6416: 552:

initially had a very general meaning referring to all sorts of mental disorders and social aberrations, popularised from 1891 in Germany by

15037: 14162: 12549: 8426:

Blair RJ, Meffert H, Hwang S, White SF (2018). "Psychopathy and brain function: Insights from neuroimaging research". In Patrick CJ (ed.).

5809: 3458: 2456:

was attributable to environmental factors and just 0% of the variance was attributable to genetic factors. In boys, the link was reversed.

1830: 1764: 793:

came to be used to describe a diverse range of dysfunctional or antisocial behavior and mental and sexual deviances, including at the time

11969: 7202: 4697: 14204: 14145: 12990: 12439: 12115: 11582:

Fontaine NM, Rijsdijk FV, McCrory EJ, Viding E (2010). "Etiology of Different Developmental Trajectories of Callous-Unemotional Traits".

11248: 8958: 7432: 6940: 6713: 6511: 5618: 5572: 2828:

images of psychopathy in both lay and professional accounts which only partly overlap and can involve contradictory traits: the charming

2294: 10232:

Dolan MC, Anderson IM (1 June 2003). "The relationship between serotonergic function and the Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version".

6988: 5526: 4888: 1281:

psychopathy scores correlated with repeated imprisonment, detention in higher security, disciplinary infractions, and substance misuse.

786:) to various chronic conditions and character disorders, and his work would influence the later conception of the personality disorder. 13959: 13851: 13518: 10531: 9242: 7982: 6660: 6204: 5081: 2424:

somewhat larger on the interpersonal-affective scale than on the antisocial scale. Most but not all studies have found broadly similar

6505:

Coid J, Yang M, Ullrich S, Roberts A, Moran P, Bebbington P, Brugha T, Jenkins R, Farrell M, Lewis G, Singleton N, Hare R (May 2009).

4008: 1154:. This was thought to be due to an inability to generate this emotion in response to negative outcomes. However, in 2016, people with 13491: 4238:

Psychopathy in the Treatment of Forensic Psychiatric Patients: Assessment, Prevalence, Predictive Validity, and Clinical Implications

1399:, wherein those high in psychopathy who also endorsed deviant sexual interests were more likely to recidivate sexually. A subsequent 9988:

Van Goozen SH, Fairchild G, Snoek H, Harold GT (2007). "The evidence for a neurobiological model of childhood antisocial behavior".

5643:

Jones DN, Paulhus DL (2010). "Differentiating the Dark Triad within the interpersonal circumplex". In Horowitz LM, Strack S (eds.).

3985: 2746:

traits in the workplace, the others being narcissism and Machiavellianism, which, like psychopathy, can have negative consequences.

13072: 12278: 11678:"[Psychopathic personality in women. Diagnostics and experimental findings in the forensic setting and the business world]" 9629:"Prefrontal Structural and Functional Brain Imaging findings in Antisocial, Violent, and Psychopathic Individuals: A Meta-Analysis" 8352: 7490: 6183: 3974: 2368:

validation and attention from others to validate their self-worth, whereas a psychopathic individual usually lacks such ambitions.

2250: 1849:

mediates the relationship between physical abuse and two components of psychopathy (social deviation and affective interpersonal).

404: 13028: 12045: 11273:

Smith SS, Newman JP (1990). "Alcohol and drug abuse-dependence disorders in psychopathic and nonpsychopathic criminal offenders".

9676:

Deming P, Heilicher M, Koenigs M (2022). "How reliable are amygdala findings in psychopathy? A systematic review of MRI studies".

5306: 4199: 2379:(a theorized precursor to ASPD), and may also co-occur with psychopathic tendencies. This may be explained in part by deficits in 1935:

Some laboratory research demonstrates correlations between psychopathy and atypical responses to aversive stimuli, including weak

14172: 14003: 13966: 13564: 12327: 10291: 10041: 7013:

Yang M, Wong SC, Coid J (2010). "The efficacy of violence prediction: A meta-analytic comparison of nine risk assessment tools".

4332: 4259: 1688:" and that conduct disorder among children with these traits has a higher heritability than among children without these traits. 1652:

A study comparing judgments of whether personal or impersonal harm would be endorsed in order to achieve the rationally maximum (

681:

Section III ASPD including the 'Psychopathic Traits Specifier' can be seen on page 765 of the DSM-5 or Page 885 of the DSM-5-TR.

12409: 11936: 1628:. This impaired recognition and reduced autonomic responsiveness might be partly accounted for by a decreased activation of the 587:

would come to refer to the more severe mental disturbances and then specifically to mental states or disorders characterized by

14891: 13921: 13574: 13041: 10988: 8898: 5330:

Derefinko KJ (December 2015). "Psychopathy and Low Anxiety: Meta-Analytic Evidence for the Absence of Inhibition, Not Affect".

2306: 10808: 10790: 9801: 9116: 14408: 13855: 12893: 12867: 12833: 12817:

Häkkänen-Nyholm, H. & Nyholm, J-O. (2012). Psychopathy and Law: A Practitioners Guide. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.

12808: 12783: 12746: 12711: 12292: 12086: 11999: 11855: 11817: 11322: 11242: 11127: 10933:"Clarifying the content coverage of differing psychopathy inventories through reference to the triarchic psychopathy measure" 10126:"Reduced sensitivity to both positive and negative reinforcement in mice over-expressing the 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter" 9972: 9482:

Smith SF, Lilienfeld SO (2015). "The response modulation hypothesis of psychopathy: A meta-analytic and narrative analysis".

9325: 8063: 7656: 7627: 7520: 7114: 6982: 6934: 6484: 5877: 5656: 5612: 5566: 5520: 5448: 5413: 5384: 5099: 5017: 4882: 4853: 4787: 4542: 4475: 4159: 4131: 3823: 3692: 3565: 3527: 3207: 3178: 439:

organization has sanctioned a diagnosis titled "psychopathy", assessments of psychopathic characteristics are widely used in

12092: 10647: 10628: 5554:

The Handbook of Narcissism and Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Theoretical Approaches, Empirical Findings, and Treatments

4240: 4221: 3698: 3453: 12013: 10454:

Blanchard A, Lyons M (2010). "An investigation into the relationship between digit length ratio (2D: 4D) and psychopathy".

8447: 8327: 4951:"Is fearless dominance relevant to the construct of psychopathy? Reconciling the dual roles of theory and clinical utility" 2957: 2302: 12431: 11412: 10635:

Stephen Strack, John Wiley & Sons, 21 Jan 2005. Chapter 15: Psychopathy as a Personality Construct (Ronald Blackburn).

539:

in general since 1847. A sense of "a subject of pathology, morbid, excessive" is attested from 1845, including the phrase

416:(DPD) respectively, stating that these diagnoses have been referred to (or include what is referred to) as psychopathy or 14431: 14125: 13528: 13335: 11876: 8627: 7280: 4389: 2788:, and may be based on undefined popular stereotypes of psychopathy. Characters with psychopathic traits have appeared in 2763: 445: 12390:"Evaluating the Screening Version of the Hare Psychopathy Checklist—Revised (PCL: SV): An Item Response Theory Analysis" 6086: 14568: 14031: 13596: 12732: 12660: 7024: 6842: 5466: 5278: 5208: 5163: 3314: 2298: 2217: 1002: 929: 675: 413: 371: 13000: 4100: 13813: 13426: 12856: 12763: 9358:"Psychopathic men have an extreme focus on mating at the expense of other domains and tend to be "parasitic" fathers" 8185: 2395: 2349: 2326: 1816: 1392:

offenders) are about 2.5 times more likely to be granted conditional release compared to non-psychopathic offenders.

1332: 1167: 867: 843:

tests, with the Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI) used more often among these in contemporary adult research.

260: 13010: 14366: 13711: 12600: 10130: 9592: 9004: 8090: 7721: 7677: 6831:

Woodworth M, Porter S (2002). "In cold blood: Characteristics of criminal homicides as a function of psychopathy".

6788: 4707: 3771: 3323: 2265: 1696: 7752: 5194: 3651: 3225:"Are psychopaths and heroes twigs off the same branch? Evidence from college, community, and presidential samples" 574:

defines "psychopath" only as a "former designation" for a person with an antisocial type of personality disorder.

14647: 14528: 14184: 13513: 13481: 10348:"Genetic and hormonal sensitivity to threat: Testing a serotonin transporter genotype × testosterone interaction" 10089: 8051: 7978:"Late childhood interpersonal callousness and conduct problem trajectories interact to predict adult psychopathy" 7947: 7198: 5115:

Harris GT, Rice ME, Quinsey VL (1994). "Psychopathy as a taxon: Evidence that psychopaths are a discrete class".

3110: 2440: 2436: 2330: 2322: 2318: 2273: 1348: 1155: 1005:

scores and concluded that psychopathy may best be conceptualized as having a "dimensional latent structure" like

671: 571: 409: 256: 96: 11677: 9386:

Buss DM (2009). "How Can Evolutionary Psychology Successfully Explain Personality and Individual Differences?".

9331: 6440: 2128:

Studies have suggested other correlations. Psychopathy was associated in two studies with an increased ratio of

985:

deficits on the inside. From this perspective, psychopathy is at least in part characterized by psychologically

14462: 14194: 14167: 14104: 13623: 12257: 11275: 9012: 8778: 8753: 8472: 8118: 7891: 6833: 6337: 5269: 5199: 5154: 3946: 3880: 3850: 3626: 2636: 2602: 2453: 2404: 2403:

co-occur in some individuals. Recent studies indicate that some individuals with an autism diagnosis also show

2277: 1956: 1738: 1685: 1541: 1510: 1339:. A large systematic review and meta-regression found that the PCL performed the poorest out of nine tools for 1175: 1159: 1124: 821: 14487: 10572: 7775: 5039: 4814: 448:. While the abbreviated term "psycho" is often employed in common usage in general media along with "crazy", " 15042: 14921: 14672: 14578: 14553: 14301: 14045: 13926: 13732: 10593: 10346:

Josephs RA, Telch MJ, Hixon JG, Evans JJ, Lee H, Knopik VS, McGeary JE, Hariri AR, Beevers CG (1 June 2012).

10234: 8801: 8270:

Craig MC, Catani M, Deeley Q, Latham R, Daly E, Kanaan R, Picchioni M, McGuire PK, Fahy T, Murphy DG (2009).

7309: 6874: 6267: 3913: 2338: 2334: 1987:

A 2008 review by Weber et al. suggested that psychopathy is sometimes associated with brain abnormalities in

1955:

functions normally, some studies have also found reduced reactivity to pleasurable stimuli. According to the

1388: 1078: 805:

An influential figure in shaping modern American conceptualizations of psychopathy was American psychiatrist

11842:

Harris GT, Rice ME (2006). "Treatment of Psychopathy: A Review of Empirical Findings". In Patrick CJ (ed.).

10902: 8079: 15032: 14971: 14436: 14199: 13954: 13861: 13233: 13065: 11113: 11017: 10481:

Tikkanen R, Auvinen-Lintunen L, Ducci F, Sjöberg RL, Goldman D, Tiihonen J, Ojansuu I, Virkkunen M (2011).

5512: 2687: 2653: 2526: 2493:

says that there is currently little evidence for a cure or effective treatment for psychopathy; as yet, no

848: 772:(1891) to describe various behavioral and moral dysfunction in the absence of an obvious mental illness or 567: 9590:

Weber S, Habel U, Amunts K, Schneider F (2008). "Structural brain abnormalities in psychopaths—a review".

9310:

The Psychopathy Construct in a Swedish Context - Conceptualization and Validation of Different Assessments

8220:"The amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex: Functional contributions and dysfunction in psychopathy" 7226:"Crime profiles and conditional release performance of psychopathic and non-psychopathic sexual offenders" 7225: 42: 14311: 14306: 13756: 13543: 13538: 13243: 13148: 2739: 2486: 1951:

while waiting for a painful stimulus but not when the stimulus occurs. While it has been argued that the

89: 17: 10888: 2051:

and that studies finding a negative effect (that psychopaths display less amygdala activity) have lower

1916:, a byproduct, or side-effect, of the evolution of adaptive traits rather than an adaptation in itself. 14936: 14321: 13751: 13194: 13107: 12846: 12151:

Brown D, Larkin F, Sengupta a, Romero-Ureclay JL, Ross CC, Gupta N, Vinestock M, Das M (October 2014).

9964: 8371:"Clarifying the Relationship between Psychopathy and Intelligence Using Four Dimensions of the WASI-II" 7885:

Hyde LW, Waller R, Trentacosta CJ, Shaw DS, Neiderhiser JM, Ganiban JM, Reiss D, Leve LD (2016-04-08).

7066: 6292:

Assadi SM, Noroozian M, Pakravannejad M, Yahyazadeh O, Aghayan S, Shariat SV, Fazel S (February 2006).

5405: 3727: 3119: 2201: 215: 9264: 7389:"Psychopathy and Sexual Deviance in Treated Rapists: Association With Sexual and Nonsexual Recidivism" 4350: 2482: 2473:

Psychopathy has often been considered untreatable. Its unique characteristics makes it among the most

718:

is preferred by those who see the causes as due to social factors and early environment, and the term

15017: 14941: 14881: 14492: 14401: 14238: 14214: 13278: 9902:

Gollan JK, Lee R, Coccaro EF (2005). "Developmental psychopathology and neurobiology of aggression".

7143: 6679:"Study uncovers a surprising level of heterogeneity in psychopathy among condemned capital murderers" 6345: 3585: 2361: 2255: 1858: 1592:

A large body of research suggests that psychopathy is associated with atypical responses to distress

1368: 769: 553: 38: 12873:

Thiessen, W Slip-ups and the dangerous mind: Seeing through and living beyond the psychopath (2012).

10004: 7774:

Bartels M, Hudziak JJ, van den Oord EJ, van Beijsterveldt CE, Rietveld MJ, Boomsma DI (2003-09-01).

7033: 997:

An early and influential analysis from Harris and colleagues indicated that a discrete category, or

384:, influenced the initial diagnostic criteria for antisocial personality reaction/disturbance in the 14956: 14702: 14326: 14140: 14008: 13137: 12960: 12753: 6628:"Psychopathic traits in a large community sample: Links to violence, alcohol use, and intelligence" 6118: 4835: 4611: 2558: 2534:

minimal, with much of the knowledge in this area being extrapolations based on what is known about

1944: 1742: 280: 3680:

Handbook of Violence Risk Assessment and Treatment: New Approaches for Mental Health Professionals

1791:

that states a Knowledge editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.

14252: 14209: 14091: 14081: 13569: 13433: 13372: 13174: 13058: 9435: 8540:"A cognitive neuroscience perspective on psychopathy: Evidence for paralimbic system dysfunction" 7776:"Co-occurrence of Aggressive Behavior and Rule-Breaking Behavior at Age 12: Multi-Rater Analyses" 7675:

Gao Y, Raine A (March 2010). "Successful and unsuccessful psychopaths: a neurobiological model".

6563: 6408: 4349:

Latzman RD, Tobin KE, Palumbo IM, Conway CC, Lilienfeld SO, Patrick CJ, Krueger RF (2020-10-01).

3519: 2389: 2205: 1884: 1877: 816: 773: 12848:

Evil Genes: Why Rome Fell, Hitler Rose, Enron Failed, and My Sister Stole My Mother's Boyfriend.

10539: 8055: 8045: 7194: 6709:"Psychopathy and instrumental aggression: Evolutionary, neurobiological, and legal perspectives" 6028:"Psychopathic individuals exhibit but do not avoid regret during counterfactual decision making" 5773: 5262:"Psychopathic, Not Psychopath: Taxometric Evidence for the Dimensional Structure of Psychopathy" 5195:"Psychopathic, Not Psychopath: Taxometric Evidence for the Dimensional Structure of Psychopathy" 4711: 4196: 2321:. Among numerous studies, positive correlations have also been reported between psychopathy and 562:). Some medical dictionaries still define psychopathy in both a narrow and broad sense, such as 14583: 14543: 13949: 13911: 13876: 13601: 13342: 13258: 12977: 12432:"Prevalence and correlates of psychopathic traits in the household population of Great Britain" 11959: 10568: 9999: 9990: 9484: 8119:

Motzkin, J. C., Philippi, C. L., Wolf, R. C., Baskaya, M. K., & Koenigs, M. (Feb 1, 2015).

7028: 7015: 5332: 2820: 2610: 2587: 2494: 2432: 2122: 1936: 1726: 1537: 465: 339: 264: 251: 12987: 12940: 11222: 8749:"Turning a deaf ear to fear: impaired recognition of vocal affect in psychopathic individuals" 8121:"Ventromedial prefrontal cortex is critical for the regulation of amygdala activity in humans" 6914: 5598: 5552: 4845: 4257:

Epitome of Current Literature: Current Conceptions of Psychopathic Disorder by Partridge, G.E.

2865: 1754:, which could result in uninhibited signals that manifest in violent and aggressive behavior. 14926: 14741: 14677: 14573: 14452: 14294: 14099: 13888: 13684: 13606: 13591: 13486: 13418: 13410: 13347: 13303: 13273: 13238: 13164: 11881: 9939: 9317: 8162: 7388: 6966: 6209: 5506: 5440: 4870: 4566:

Berrios G (1999). "Classic Text No. 37: J. C. Prichard and the concept of 'moral insanity'".

3815: 3805: 2889: 2502: 2183: 2009: 1569: 1317: 1066:

perspective, believed psychopathy should be considered as part of a spectrum of pathological

925: 859: 836: 757: 425: 10786:, MD, Catherine A. Yeager, MA, Pamela Blake, MD, Barbara Bard, PhD, and Maren Strenziok, MS 10405:"Mesolimbic dopamine reward system hypersensitivity in individuals with psychopathic traits" 10124:

Line SJ, Barkus C, Rawlings N, Jennings K, McHugh S, Sharp T, Bannerman DM (December 2014).

9535: 8340: 8319: 6627: 1580:, noting that the early pioneer Cleckley included good intelligence in his checklist due to 15022: 15012: 14961: 14548: 14394: 14013: 13581: 12284: 11448: 8276: 7619: 7147: 6039: 4779: 4648:"Who's psychopathic now? A recent report has few new solutions and calls for more research" 4005: 2849: 2606: 2478: 2341: 2064: 2044: 1972: 1734: 1680: 1668: 1558: 1071: 815:(1941), Cleckley drew on a small series of vivid case studies of psychiatric patients at a 752:

The concept of psychopathy has been indirectly connected to the early 19th century work of

276: 10720:"Fear Review: Critique of Forensic Psychopathy Scale Delayed 3 Years by Threat of Lawsuit" 5152:

Marcus DK, John SL, Edens JF (2004). "A Taxometric Analysis of Psychopathic Personality".

4824:

Spark, Clare L. Social Thought and Research, Volume 22, Number 1&2 (1999), pp. 113-137

3454:"Psychopathic Personality: Bridging the Gap Between Scientific Evidence and Public Policy" 2729:) often causes a ripple effect throughout an organization, setting the tone for an entire 2058:

Some of these findings are consistent with other research and theories. For example, in a

8: 15027: 14871: 14854: 14798: 14773: 14664: 14640: 14609: 14341: 14076: 13906: 13694: 13611: 13548: 13298: 13034: 12018: 11377:"Autism spectrum disorder and psychopathy: shared cognitive underpinnings or double hit?" 10783: 10409: 9198: 3982: 3684: 3309: 2904: 2714: 2380: 2160: 1633: 1550: 1340: 1273: 1204:, and suggests at least a partial constitutional factor that influences its development. 1193: 1107: 1085:, share certain characteristics, such as a callous-manipulative interpersonal style. The 735: 648: 395: 175: 11452: 7151: 6180: 6043: 3971: 3072: 3037: 3036:

Schönthaler EM, Dalkner N, Schwalsberger K, Reininghaus EZ, Reininghaus B (2023-03-27).

941:. Low fear including stress-tolerance, toleration of unfamiliarity and danger, and high 891:

violating social norms and expectations without the slightest sense of guilt or regret.

14951: 14843: 14793: 14746: 14714: 14697: 14604: 14497: 13782: 13772: 13586: 13440: 13313: 13288: 13127: 12625: 12598:

Babiak P, Neumann CS, Hare RD (April 2010). "Corporate psychopathy: Talking the walk".

12508: 12234: 12201: 12177: 12152: 11790: 11716: 11653: 11618: 11520: 11495: 11471: 11434: 11404: 11353: 11082: 11047: 10965: 10932: 10875: 10852: 10766: 10695: 10670: 10507: 10482: 10431: 10404: 10380: 10347: 10316: 10267: 10209: 10176: 10175:

Dunlop BW, DeFife JA, Marx L, Garlow SJ, Nemeroff CB, Lilienfeld SO (1 November 2011).

10152: 10125: 10063: 10036: 9927: 9879: 9854: 9653: 9628: 9517: 9459: 9430: 9411: 9234: 9174: 9147: 9034: 8980: 8953: 8931: 8870: 8845: 8826: 8729: 8619: 8564: 8539: 8502: 8485: 8467: 8393: 8244: 8219: 8145: 8120: 8012: 7977: 7921: 7886: 7867: 7813: 7596: 7424: 7369: 7326: 7170: 7129: 6805: 6776: 6597: 6226: 6143: 6062: 6027: 6008: 5946: 5801: 5724: 5699:

Buckels EE, Jones DN, Paulhus DL (2013). "Behavioral confirmation of everyday sadism".

5487: 5298: 5261: 5228: 4674: 4647: 4591: 4051: 4026: 3783: 3487: 3139: 2877: 2710: 2706: 2052: 1913: 1741:

show remarkable similarities to diagnosed psychopathic individuals, displaying reduced

1601: 1458: 1395:

Hildebrand and colleagues (2004) have uncovered an interaction between psychopathy and

1384: 1171: 811: 731: 377: 199: 186: 82: 12334: 11894: 9644: 5921:

Walters GD (April 2004). "The trouble with psychopathy as a general theory of crime".

5483: 4256: 2196:

based on Cleckley's criteria from the 1940s, criminological concepts such as those of

820:

time. Cleckley formulated sixteen criteria for psychopathy. The Scottish psychiatrist

742: 14976: 14731: 14512: 14219: 13901: 13382: 13362: 13330: 13211: 13189: 13144: 13112: 12889: 12863: 12852: 12829: 12804: 12794: 12779: 12759: 12742: 12728: 12707: 12617: 12512: 12456: 12389: 12288: 12239: 12221: 12182: 12082: 11995: 11898: 11851: 11794: 11782: 11774: 11708: 11700: 11658: 11640: 11599: 11525: 11476: 11396: 11357: 11318: 11292: 11238: 11203: 11165: 11123: 11087: 11069: 10970: 10952: 10856: 10844: 10758: 10700: 10682: 10512: 10436: 10385: 10367: 10308: 10286: 10259: 10251: 10214: 10196: 10157: 10106: 10102: 10068: 10017: 9968: 9919: 9884: 9835: 9736: 9732: 9701: 9693: 9658: 9609: 9572: 9568: 9545:(2005). Chapter 3: Other Theoretical Models of Psychopathy, Ronald Blackburn, Page 39 9509: 9501: 9464: 9403: 9399: 9321: 9284: 9238: 9226: 9218: 9179: 9039: 8985: 8923: 8915: 8875: 8818: 8770: 8721: 8674: 8611: 8607: 8569: 8507: 8489: 8397: 8344: 8295: 8249: 8150: 8059: 8017: 7999: 7926: 7908: 7871: 7859: 7805: 7797: 7780: 7694: 7652: 7623: 7588: 7553: 7516: 7482: 7474: 7454: 7416: 7408: 7361: 7245: 7175: 7087: 7046: 6978: 6930: 6895: 6883: 6854: 6810: 6742: 6734: 6708: 6652: 6589: 6577: 6532: 6480: 6315: 6135: 6067: 6012: 5973: 5938: 5903: 5873: 5793: 5716: 5652: 5608: 5562: 5558: 5516: 5444: 5409: 5380: 5353: 5341: 5290: 5220: 5175: 5134: 5095: 5062: 5013: 5009: 4978: 4970: 4878: 4849: 4802: 4783: 4679: 4628: 4624: 4595: 4583: 4548: 4538: 4534: 4508: 4471: 4431: 4370: 4285: 4155: 4127: 4056: 3819: 3688: 3643: 3590: 3561: 3523: 3479: 3335: 3291: 3283: 3244: 3203: 3174: 3168: 3131: 3077: 3059: 3018: 3010: 2773: 2734: 2730: 2399: 2384: 2290: 2129: 1988: 1794: 1730: 1705: 1609: 1528: 1313: 1034: 1033:

Studies have linked psychopathy to alternative dimensions such as antagonism (high),

1006: 541: 367: 195: 166: 13050: 12629: 11720: 10770: 10320: 10304: 10271: 10054: 9931: 9689: 9521: 8911: 8830: 8623: 7428: 7330: 7130:"Authorship Bias in Violence Risk Assessment? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis" 6601: 6506: 6147: 5950: 5805: 5728: 5302: 5232: 3787: 2776:

may only vaguely or partly relate to the concept of psychopathy as it is defined in

1900:

have a pattern of mating with and quickly abandoning women, and thereby have a high

14838: 14813: 14724: 14719: 14533: 13501: 13476: 13325: 13293: 13218: 12609: 12528: 12500: 12448: 12401: 12370: 12229: 12217: 12213: 12172: 12164: 11890: 11766: 11757:

Vien A, Beech AR (1 July 2006). "Psychopathy: theory, measurement, and treatment".

11692: 11648: 11630: 11591: 11558: 11515: 11507: 11466: 11456: 11408: 11388: 11349: 11284: 11230: 11195: 11157: 11077: 11059: 10960: 10944: 10836: 10750: 10690: 10502: 10498: 10494: 10463: 10426: 10418: 10375: 10363: 10359: 10300: 10243: 10204: 10188: 10147: 10139: 10098: 10058: 10050: 10009: 9911: 9874: 9866: 9827: 9789: 9728: 9685: 9648: 9640: 9601: 9564: 9493: 9454: 9444: 9415: 9395: 9276: 9210: 9169: 9161: 9082: 9029: 9021: 8975: 8967: 8935: 8907: 8865: 8857: 8810: 8762: 8733: 8713: 8664: 8603: 8559: 8555: 8551: 8497: 8481: 8385: 8336: 8285: 8239: 8231: 8140: 8136: 8132: 8007: 7991: 7916: 7904: 7900: 7851: 7817: 7789: 7686: 7600: 7580: 7545: 7466: 7400: 7353: 7318: 7289: 7237: 7165: 7155: 7079: 7038: 6922: 6887: 6846: 6800: 6792: 6726: 6644: 6581: 6524: 6445: 6305: 6218: 6127: 6057: 6047: 6000: 5930: 5785: 5708: 5681: 5491: 5479: 5432: 5345: 5282: 5212: 5167: 5126: 5087: 5054: 5005: 4997: 4962: 4669: 4661: 4620: 4609:

Berrios G (1993). "European views on personality disorders: A conceptual history".

4575: 4500: 4423: 4362: 4046: 4038: 3775: 3635: 3491: 3471: 3327: 3275: 3236: 3199: 3143: 3123: 3067: 3049: 3000: 2992: 2894: 2547: 2408: 2376: 2245: 2072: 2013: 1948: 1483: 1201: 1116: 1086: 913:'s conception entailing bold, disinhibited behavior, and "feckless disregard") and 871: 764:"), although historians have largely discredited the idea of a direct equivalence. 440: 351: 123: 11809: 8468:"Localization of Deformations Within the Amygdala in Individuals With Psychopathy" 8389: 7373: 6131: 2407:(a risk-factor for developing psychopathy), but are less strongly associated with 95:"Sociopathy" and "Sociopath" redirect here. For another usage of these terms, see 14906: 14823: 14558: 14109: 13896: 13660: 13496: 13308: 12994: 12954: 12696: 12646:

Office Politics: How to Thrive in a World of Lying, Backstabbing and Dirty Tricks

12504: 12358: 12264: 12076: 11461: 11234: 11119: 10794: 10651: 10645:

Thinking about Psychopaths and Psychopathy: Answers to Frequently Asked Questions

10644: 10632: 10625: 10192: 9542: 8861: 7571:

Piccinni A, Marazziti D, Veltri A (April 2018). "Psychopathology of terrorists".

7160: 6379: 6187: 4821: 4748: 4263: 4244: 4237: 4225: 4218: 4203: 4012: 3989: 3978: 3678: 3586:"Psychopathy and Antisocial Personality Disorder: A Case of Diagnostic Confusion" 3467: 2869: 2793: 2789: 2670: 2522: 2425: 2048: 2032: 1565:

of breakdowns in the white matter connections between these two important areas.

1426: 1360: 1336: 1090: 942: 910: 870:. However, others have not drawn this conclusion; clinical forensic psychologist 806: 690: 536: 531: 67: 11161: 10741:

Walters GD (2004). "The Trouble with Psychopathy as a General Theory of Crime".

10247: 10013: 9790:"The Devil in the Boardroom: Corporate Psychopaths and Their Impact on Business" 8766: 7855: 6850: 5286: 5216: 5171: 4096: 3639: 2949: 2474: 1268: 14981: 14911: 14896: 14886: 14876: 14803: 14707: 14633: 14614: 14507: 14189: 14071: 13699: 13352: 13132: 13122: 13085: 13081: 12842: 12800: 12790: 12526:

Hare RD (1994). "Predators: The Disturbing World of the Psychopaths among Us".

12452: 11964: 11847: 11595: 11376: 11288: 11199: 10601: 9280: 9165: 8431: 7404: 7075: 6974: 6730: 6648: 6528: 6476: 5685: 5648: 5604: 5376: 5130: 4921: 4579: 4411: 4366: 4308: 4277: 3811: 3801: 3613: 3581: 3557: 3164: 3054: 2718: 2698: 2575: 2518: 2345: 2193: 2021: 1854: 1750:

may impair the ability of the prefrontal cortex to interpret feedback from the

1653: 1629: 1581: 1497:

It has been suggested that the combination of early-onset conduct disorder and

1430: 1094: 1063: 897: 761: 753: 685: 588: 421: 243: 233:

Genetic and environmental issues, such as neglect or abuse by parental figures.

12374: 12361:, Daly TE (September 2013). "Treatment and psychopathy in forensic settings". 12168: 11696: 11563: 11544: 11511: 11392: 10483:"Psychopathy, PCL-R, and MAOA genotype as predictors of violent reconvictions" 9915: 9870: 9831: 9086: 8814: 8717: 8589:"A cognitive developmental approach to morality: investigating the psychopath" 8588: 7793: 7584: 7357: 7083: 4504: 3779: 3240: 3127: 1967: 1904:

rate, resulting in children that may inherit a predisposition to psychopathy.

738: 246:, parental neglect, abuse, or psychological manipulation of the affected child 15006: 14986: 14692: 14502: 14472: 14467: 14331: 14289: 13679: 13283: 13223: 12886:

Personality Disorder Interview-IV, Chapter 4: Antisocial Personality Disorder

12703: 12405: 12225: 11778: 11770: 11704: 11644: 11073: 10956: 10840: 10787: 10754: 10686: 10586: 10371: 10255: 10200: 9697: 9505: 9449: 9288: 9222: 8919: 8493: 8003: 7912: 7863: 7801: 7478: 7412: 7322: 7293: 7249: 7241: 6738: 6585: 6441:"An abusive boss is bad news for your work life — unless you're a psychopath" 5934: 5789: 5712: 5671: 5066: 5058: 4974: 4665: 4552: 4450:"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM-5)" 4374: 3475: 3339: 3287: 3279: 3248: 3063: 3014: 2899: 2833: 2579: 2551: 2546:

The PCL-R, the PCL:SV, and the PCL:YV are highly regarded and widely used in

2514: 2498: 2357: 2029: 1996: 1992: 1952: 1846: 1751: 1722: 1605: 1545: 1407: 1400: 1352: 1285: 1120: 1059: 1049: 982: 957: 946: 856: 794: 644: 643:

may have been first introduced in 1909 in Germany by biological psychiatrist

480: 359: 299: 272: 12325: 11338:

Fitzgerald M (2003). "Callous-unemotional traits and Asperger's syndrome?".

9073:

Glenn AL, Kurzban R, Raine A (2011). "Evolutionary theory and psychopathy".

7887:"Heritable and Nonheritable Pathways to Early Callous-Unemotional Behaviors" 6052: 4042: 4004:

Medilexicon powered by Stedman's, part of Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

3263: 3224: 2980: 2772:

are some of the most notorious characters in film and literature, but their

2435:

in women. It has been suggested that psychopathy in men manifest more as an

1351:

reports that psychopathic behavior is consistent with traits common to some

1284:

Psychopathy, as measured with the PCL-R in institutional settings, shows in

14916: 14848: 14828: 14818: 14808: 14778: 13931: 13825: 13717: 13377: 12772: 12621: 12460: 12309: 12243: 12186: 11902: 11872: 11786: 11712: 11662: 11603: 11529: 11480: 11400: 11361: 11259: 11207: 11169: 11091: 10974: 10848: 10762: 10704: 10516: 10467: 10440: 10389: 10312: 10263: 10218: 10161: 10110: 10072: 10021: 9923: 9888: 9839: 9740: 9705: 9662: 9613: 9576: 9513: 9468: 9407: 9230: 9183: 9043: 8989: 8927: 8879: 8822: 8774: 8725: 8678: 8573: 8511: 8348: 8299: 8253: 8235: 8154: 8021: 7930: 7809: 7773: 7698: 7592: 7557: 7486: 7420: 7365: 7179: 7091: 7050: 6999: 6951: 6926: 6899: 6858: 6814: 6746: 6656: 6593: 6536: 6319: 6294:"Psychiatric morbidity among sentenced prisoners: prevalence study in Iran" 6139: 6071: 5977: 5942: 5907: 5797: 5720: 5629: 5583: 5537: 5357: 5294: 5224: 5179: 4982: 4950: 4899: 4587: 4512: 4435: 4289: 4206:

G. E. Partridge, The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1930 July; 1(87):53–99

4075:"psycho | Origin and meaning of psycho by Online Etymology Dictionary" 4060: 3710: 3483: 3295: 3135: 3081: 3022: 2726: 2535: 2236:

the social and interpersonal implications of the psychopathic personality.

2084: 2059: 2040: 2025: 1909: 1850: 1725:

with psychopathy and violence. Since the 1980s, scientists have associated

1701: 1573: 1554: 1380: 1325: 1301:

Studies have suggested a strong correlation between psychopathy scores and

1180: 1045: 962: 863: 746: 656: 381: 12588:

Walker, I. 2005, Psychopaths in Suits, Australian Broadcasting Corporation

12200:

Khalifa NR, Gibbon S, Völlm BA, Cheung NH, McCarthy L (3 September 2020).

11296: 10671:"The Criminal Psychopath: History, Neuroscience, Treatment, and Economics" 9719:

Pridmore S, Chambers A, McArthur M (2005). "Neuroimaging in psychopathy".

8971: 8615: 8193: 6310: 6293: 5464:

Paulhus DL, Williams KM (December 2002). "The Dark Triad of Personality".

5138: 5091: 4683: 4632: 3647: 3262:

Anderson JL, Sellbom M, Wygant DB, Salekin RT, Krueger RF (October 2014).

3035: 2574:

The PCL-R score cut-off for a label of psychopathy is 25 out of 40 in the

824:

had also been influential in Europe from 1939 in narrowing the diagnosis.

424:

later re-popularized the construct of psychopathy in criminology with his

14991: 14788: 14763: 14753: 14736: 14687: 14482: 14477: 14224: 13704: 13689: 13533: 13248: 13199: 13169: 12935: 12120: 11496:"Callous–unemotional traits in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder" 9199:"Childhood traumatic experiences and psychopathy: A comprehensive review" 6409:"Flourishing under an abusive boss? You may be a psychopath, study shows" 4841: 4183: 4082: 2837: 2808: 2801: 2781: 2722: 2197: 2146: 2005: 1593: 1364: 1289: 1053: 1038: 840: 563: 363: 336: 238: 219: 179: 11635: 9197:

Moreira D, Moreira DS, Barbosa F, Sousa-Gomes V, Fávero M (2021-11-29).

8843: 8669: 8652: 7713: 3331: 2979:

Driessen JM, van Baar JM, Sanfey AG, Glennon JC, Brazil IA (July 2021).

2749:

According to a study from the University of Notre Dame published in the

2481:, a class of mental illnesses that are already traditionally considered 1509:

includes a specifier for those with conduct disorder who also display a

608: 14946: 14768: 14758: 14563: 14538: 14351: 13801: 13777: 13508: 13367: 13357: 13320: 13253: 13228: 12821: 9853:

Beauchaine TP, Klein DN, Crowell SE, Derbidge C, Gatzke-Kopp L (2009).

9497: 9214: 8290: 8271: 7995: 7744: 6796: 6230: 6163:

Mary Ellen O'Toole, Ph.D.; Matt Logan, Ph.D.; and Sharon Smith, Ph.D..

6004: 5870:

Kaplan and Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry (2 Volume Set)

5349: 4427: 4390:"Locating psychopathy within the domain space of personality pathology" 4351:"Locating psychopathy within the domain space of personality pathology" 3617: 3452:

Skeem JL, Polaschek DL, Patrick CJ, Lilienfeld SO (December 15, 2011).

3005: 2996: 2829: 2825: 2777: 2743: 2648: 1940: 1892: 1438: 1396: 1321: 1128: 1082: 1067: 986: 852: 639:- has been commonly used in compound words since around 1880. The term 436: 432: 307: 223: 171: 75: 13837: 12918: 11064: 10143: 8224:

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

6291: 6025: 1939:

to painful stimuli and poor learning of avoiding responses that cause

977:

Psychopathy has been conceptualized as a hybrid condition marked by a

14346: 14336: 14055: 13746: 13268: 13184: 13159: 13154: 10948: 10743:

International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology

9025: 7648: 7470: 7042: 6891: 6569:

International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology

5923:

International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology

4966: 2852:. The public concept reflects some combination of fear of a mythical 2530: 2141: 2113: 2108: 2097: 2092: 1901: 1888: 1646: 1625: 1434: 1197: 1140: 711: 659:, or antisocial behavior, and may be social or biological in origin. 592: 579: 525: 453: 317: 268: 63: 12796:

Without Conscience: The Disturbing World of the Psychopaths Among Us

12613: 12486: 12484: 11584:

Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry

10480: 10422: 9605: 8748: 8445:

Nickerson S. "Brain Abnormalities in Psychopaths: A Meta-Analysis".

7690: 7549: 6222: 4918:

Without conscience: The disturbing world of the psychopaths among us

4266:, M. Hamblin Smith, The British Journal of Psychiatry (1930) 76: 838 3807:

Without Conscience: The Disturbing World of the Psychopaths Among Us

3170:

Without Conscience: The Disturbing World of the Psychopaths Among Us

2529:

for this purpose. For example, a study found that the antipsychotic

655:. It was used to indicate that the defining feature is violation of 14833: 14682: 14457: 14371: 14361: 14257: 14086: 12826:

The psychopath whisperer: the science of those without a conscience

12202:"Pharmacological interventions for antisocial personality disorder" 11439: 9005:"Psychopathy increases perceived moral permissibility of accidents" 7134: 6722: 6520: 5475: 4027:"The Concept of Psychosis: Historical and Phenomenological Aspects" 2853: 2816: 2449: 2445: 2353: 2244:

There are currently two widely established systems for classifying

2153: 2150: 2133: 2118: 2088: 2017: 2001: 1975:, among other areas, is implicated in the mechanism of psychopathy. 1896: 1891:

strategy, which may work as long as there is a large population of

1747: 1532: 1450: 1302: 969: 950: 937: 449: 355: 211: 191: 12661:"If you're succeeding under a bully boss, you may be a psychopath" 11341:

Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry

6259: 6165:

Looking Behind the Mask: Implications for Interviewing Psychopaths

14783: 14051:

Media censorship and disinformation during the Gezi Park protests

13916: 13787: 13206: 13179: 13117: 12481: 12326:

Nathan James, Kenneth R. Thomas, Cassandra Foley (July 2, 2007).

12150: 3196:

The New Evil: Understanding the Emergence of Modern Violent Crime

2873: 2812: 2785: 2594: 2121:"long" allele, which is generally regarded as protective against 1617: 1597: 1356: 1151: 1070:, that would range from narcissistic personality on the low end, 978: 596: 520: 504: 503:) "suffering, feeling". The first documented use is from 1847 in 452:", and "mentally ill", there is a categorical difference between 347: 343: 207: 203: 71: 12982: 12491:

Board BJ, Fritzon K (2005). "Disordered personalities at work".

9196: 8846:"Neural processing of dynamic facial expressions in psychopaths" 8466:

Yang Y, Raine A, Narr KL, Colletti P, Toga AW (September 2009).

8043: 7976:

Hawes SW, Byrd AL, Waller R, Lynam DR, Pardini DA (2017-01-01).

7841: 3312:(July 1930). "Current Conceptions of Psychopathic Personality". 1857:

is directly correlated with the affective interpersonal factor.

1081:, three personality traits that are together referred to as the 905:

There are multiple conceptualizations of psychopathy, including

81:"Psychopaths" and "Psychopath" redirect here. For the film, see 14901: 14356: 8895: 7670: 7668: 3451: 2614: 2137: 1831:

influence of childhood trauma on the development of psychopathy

1562: 1147: 1135:

Half of the Hare Psychopathy Checklist consists of symptoms of

14386: 12429: 11048:"The Evolution of the Classification of Psychiatric Disorders" 10402: 10085: 9987: 9852: 8703: 6205:"The Sexual Psychopath Act In Practice: A Critical Discussion" 5259: 4815:

Klara Hitler's Son: Reading the Langer Report on Hitler's Mind

4309:"Related to Psychopathy Psychological Disorders and Diagnoses" 14656: 14150: 11619:"Psychopathy in women: theoretical and clinical perspectives" 11581: 11146: 10825: 9818:

Glenn AL, Raine A (2008). "The Neurobiology of Psychopathy".

8947: 8945: 8180: 8178: 3722: 3720: 2978: 2925:"Psychopathic Personality and How It Develops | HealthyPlace" 2845: 2797: 2701:

to have been a strong candidate as a "corporate psychopath".

2598: 2100:

functioning in impulsive aggression and antisocial behavior.

1883:

compensating evolutionary advantages, and researchers within

1853:

is directly correlated with the social deviation factor, and

1506: 1442: 1328:

interventions commonly given to domestic abuse perpetrators.

1136: 1018: 998: 603: 12978:

Understanding The Psychopath: Key Definitions & Research

12258:

Reforming The Mental Health Act, Part II, High risk patients

10664: 10662: 10660: 9203:

Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy

7665: 5260:

Edens JF, Marcus DK, Lilienfeld SO, Poythress NG Jr (2006).

4744:"Psychopathic traits differ between cultures, experts claim" 4219:

International Handbook on Psychopathic Disorders and the Law

3261: 3223:

Smith SF, Lilienfeld SO, Coffey K, Dabbs JM (October 2013).

620:, but it is also used as shorthand for psychotic or crazed. 147: 13263: 11992:

Cognitive Therapy of Personality Disorders. Second Edition.

11220: 7386: 6564:"The Trouble with Psychopathy as a General Theory of Crime" 6026:

Baskin-Sommers A, Stuppy-Sullivan AM, Buckholtz JW (2016).

2861: 2857: 2738:

appraisals among corporate professionals. The psychologist

2372: 2317:

Studies suggest strong comorbidity between psychopathy and

1788:

personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay

1621: 1613: 1498: 1406:

In considering the issue of possible reunification of some

1174:

and his colleagues showed that subjects with damage to the

702:

are often used interchangeably, but in some cases the term

374:, which create an outward appearance of apparent normalcy. 150: 144: 129: 11960:"Suffering Souls: The search for the roots of psychopathy" 11870: 11227:

Psychopathy: Theory, Research and Implications for Society

10123: 8942: 8175: 7513:

Treating Non-offending Parents in Child Sexual Abuse Cases

7343: 7306: 6032:

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA

4935: 4933: 4931: 4732:(2nd ed.). Toronto, ON, Canada: Multi-Health Systems. 3717: 3547: 3545: 3543: 3541: 3539: 3222: 1335:

of psychopathy does not necessarily add value to violence

138: 14931: 13018: 11990:

Beck, Aaron T., Freeman, Arthur, Davis, Denise D. (2006)

10657: 9961:

The Cambridge handbook of violent behavior and aggression

9589: 9265:"Theory based gender differences in psychopathy subtypes" 9002: 8951: 7884: 6775:

Walsh Z, Swogger MT, Walsh T, Kosson DS (December 2007).

5004:, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 1–5, 4652: 4531:

The SAGE Encyclopedia of Abnormal and Clinical Psychology

4490: 4348: 2525:

medications, although none have yet been approved by the

2305:

Antisocial Personality Disorder scale. There is also the

1980: 14625: 12276: 12199: 11837: 11835: 11223:"Comorbidity of Psychopathy with Major Mental Disorders" 10561:"Maori 'warrior gene' claims appalling, says geneticist" 9718: 9262: 3759: 2067:

dysfunction, although the specific reasons are unknown.

1596:

from other people, more precisely an impaired emotional

1425:

The possibility of psychopathy has been associated with

851:

in 1943, and which may have been intended to be used as

734:

that have been connected to psychopathic traits include

684:

The term is used in various ways in contemporary usage.

12116:"Antisocial personality disorder: Treatments and drugs" 8844:

Decety L., Skelly L. R., Yoder K. J., Kiehl K. (2014).

8269: 7570: 6774: 6500: 6498: 6496: 6115: 6087:"If It Feels Good to Be Good, It Might Be Only Natural" 5373:

Psychopathy: Antisocial, Criminal, and Violent Behavior

4928: 4154:. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. p. 37. 3536: 1912:. Psychopathy has alternatively been suggested to be a 1577: 12966: 12430:

Coid J, Yang M, Ullrich S, Roberts A, Hare RD (2009).

11107: 11105: 11103: 11101: 10345: 10174: 9778:

2nd edition (ch. 13, pp. 297–332). The Guilford Press.

9761:

2nd edition (ch. 18, pp. 422–455). The Guilford Press.

9675: 8425: 7223: 6504: 5002:

Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences

4955:

Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment

4416:

Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment

2864:

of people who might appear to go through life without

1464: 13448:

After Truth: Disinformation and the Cost of Fake News

13080: 12758:(5th ed.). Augusta, Georgia: Emily S. Cleckley. 12519: 11832: 11111: 10474: 8747:

Blair RJ, Mitchell D, Richell R, et al. (2002).

8465: 8047:

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

7613: 7452: 7224:

Porter S, ten Brinke L, Wilson K (January 10, 2011).

5990: 5867: 5600:

Handbook of individual differences in social behavior

4703:

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

2625: 2398:

suggested overlaps between (primary) psychopathy and

2261:

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

2211: 1056:, sensation-seeking (in some cases), and aggression. 616:

from 1936, and from 1942 as a shortening of the noun

387:

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

135: 126: 14317:

Countering Foreign Propaganda and Disinformation Act

13645: 12908: 12321: 12319: 11616: 10930: 9475: 9263:

Falkenbach DM, Reinhard EE, Larson FR (2017-01-15).

8746: 7975: 6493: 5892: 5040:"Successful Psychopathy: A Scientific Status Report" 5037: 4247:

Martin Hildebrand, Rozenberg Publishers, 16 Jun 2005

4228:, Volume 1, Alan Felthous, Henning Sass, 15 Apr 2008 3763:

Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment

3159: 3157: 3155: 3153: 3107: 953:

and other neurological systems associated with fear.

141: 12387: 12068: 11185: 11098: 8798: 8320:"Psychopathy as a Clinical and Empirical Construct" 8313: 8311: 8309: 5698: 4837:

The Mind of Adolf Hitler: The Secret Wartime Report

4803:

The Shadow Warriors: OSS and the Origins of the CIA

4176:"socio- | Origin and meaning of prefix socio-" 1379:Psychopathy has been associated with commission of 1101: 132: 13420:Dezinformatsia: Active Measures in Soviet Strategy 12695: 12126:Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research 12081:. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing. 11542: 11221:Nedopil N, Hollweg M, Hartmann J, Jaser R (1998). 11045: 10809:"Psychopathy: A Rorschach test for psychologists?" 10177:"The Effects of Sertraline on Psychopathic Traits" 7277: 6871: 6777:"Psychopathy and violence: increasing specificity" 6507:"Psychopathy among prisoners in England and Wales" 6167:in FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, July 2012, p. 14. 5544: 5504: 1587: 1324:and therefore may not be amenable to the types of 647:and in 1930 in the US by educational psychologist 595:or in some other sense markedly out of touch with 13972:Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine 13524:Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine 12997:Psychiatric Times, 2007 (nb: inconsistent access) 12597: 12316: 12113: 10553: 10028: 9944:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 ( 9755:Cognitive and emotional processing in psychopathy 9117:"Psychopaths in our midst — what you should know" 9072: 9003:Young L, Koenigs M, Kruepke M, Newman JP (2012). 8952:Koenigs M, Kruepke M, Zeier J, Newman JP (2011). 8072: 7948:"The Science of Preventing Dangerous Psychopathy" 7705: 7393:Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment 7128:Singh JP, Martin G, Seena F (September 2, 2013). 6964: 5114: 5038:Lilienfeld SO, Watts AL, Smith SF (August 2015). 4275: 3672: 3670: 3668: 3150: 3103: 3101: 3099: 3097: 3095: 3093: 3091: 1445:externalization. However, John Horgan, author of 612:has been traced to a shortening of the adjective 15004: 13867:Historical distortion regarding Ferdinand Marcos 12566:Corporate Psychopaths: Organizational Destroyers 12333:. Congressional Research Service. Archived from 11929:"The Hard Sell for Psychopathy Research Funding" 11018:"International Classification of Diseases (ICD)" 10869: 10532:""Warrior genes" and the disease of being Māori" 9901: 9721:Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 8306: 8272:"Altered connections on the road to psychopathy" 8265: 8263: 8213: 8211: 7736: 7127: 5498: 4773: 2226: 1166:In an experiment published in March 2007 at the 1074:in the middle, and psychopathy at the high end. 10931:Drislane LE, Patrick CJ, Arsal G (2013-12-09). 9481: 8080:"Highlights of Changes from DSM-IV-TR to DSM-5" 7063: 6830: 6375:"A disturbing number of bosses are psychopaths" 5463: 5151: 4995: 4284:, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, 4197:Current Conceptions of Psychopathic Personality 2188:Psychopathy is most commonly assessed with the 1331:Some clinicians suggest that assessment of the 1245: 706:is preferred because it is less likely than is 529:has meant the study of disease since 1610, and 408:(ICD) subsequently introduced the diagnoses of 13030:What Psychopaths Teach Us about How to Succeed 12351: 11617:Wynn R, Høiseth MH, Pettersen G (2012-06-01). 11181: 11179: 10800: 10619: 10453: 9557:The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 9302: 9300: 9298: 9148:"The role of prefrontal cortex in psychopathy" 8891: 8889: 8192:. The Franklin Institute. 2004. Archived from 7387:Hildebrand M, de Ruiter C, de Vogel V (2004). 7273: 7271: 6915:"Violence Risk: From Prediction to Management" 5590: 5550: 4706:(Fourth, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) ed.). 4152:The Psychopath: Theory, Research, and Practice 3665: 3612: 3088: 2439:pattern while in women it manifests more as a 1491:Terrie Moffitt's developmental theory of crime 1123:spectrum disorders, complex partial seizures, 670:were once used interchangeably in relation to 14641: 14402: 14180:Election denial movement in the United States 13066: 13023:NPR audio, text and expert panel report, 2011 12388:Cooke DJ, Michie C, Hart SD, Hare RD (1999). 12357: 12078:The Pocket Guide to the DSM-5 Diagnostic Exam 10278: 10231: 9813: 9811: 9548: 9431:"Is psychopathy a disorder or an adaptation?" 9093: 9068: 9066: 9064: 9062: 9060: 8792: 8646: 8644: 8642: 8640: 8533: 8531: 8260: 8208: 7510: 6971:Clinician's Guide to Violence Risk Assessment 6958: 6826: 6824: 6770: 6768: 6636:Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 6464: 5645:Handbook of interpersonal theory and research 5118:Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 4911: 4909: 4145: 4143: 3755: 3753: 3622:criteria for antisocial personality disorder" 3302: 13011:"Can A Test Really Tell Who's A Psychopath?" 12698:Snakes in Suits: When Psychopaths Go to Work 12550:Snakes in Suits: When Psychopaths Go to Work 12490: 11752: 11750: 11748: 11746: 11744: 11046:Surís A, Holliday R, North CS (2016-01-18). 10668: 9770:Hicks, B. M., & Drislane, L. E. (2018). 9747: 8697: 8167:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 7535: 7012: 6621: 6619: 6617: 6615: 5771: 5642: 5370: 5000:, in Zeigler-Hill V, Shackelford TK (eds.), 4730:Manual for the Revised Psychopathy Checklist 4468:Snakes in Suits: When Psychopaths Go To Work 3459:Psychological Science in the Public Interest 3193: 1871: 1765:Influence of childhood trauma in psychopathy 1089:refers to these traits with the addition of 781: 557: 13400: 12955:Handbook of Psychopathy, 2nd Edition (2018) 12888:. Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc. 12876:Thimble, Michael H.F.R.C.P., F.R.C. Psych. 12665:Ladders | Business News & Career Advice 12440:International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 12206:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 11871:Gregory S, Blair RJ, ffytche D, Simmons A, 11432: 11272: 11188:International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 11176: 11148:the borderline personality disorder?]. 10989:"DSM-5: What It Is & What It Diagnoses" 10903:"Triarchic Psychopathy Measure - cplabwiki" 10819: 10734: 10626:Handbook of Personology and Psychopathology 9583: 9428: 9295: 8959:Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 8954:"Utilitarian moral judgment in psychopathy" 8886: 8740: 8690: 8688: 8580: 8537: 8317: 7614:Häkkänen-Nyholm H, Nyholm JO, eds. (2012). 7453:Hawes SW, Boccaccini MT, Murrie DC (2013). 7268: 6714:International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 6625: 6512:International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 6338:"Will the Real Psychopath Please Stand Up?" 5427: 5425: 5192: 5047:Current Directions in Psychological Science 4875:Lifestyle Theory: Past, Present, and Future 2295:Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory 1930: 1131:, and, of course, brain damage/dysfunction. 498: 488: 23: 14648: 14634: 14409: 14395: 13852:COVID-19 misinformation in the Philippines 13073: 13059: 12693: 12546: 12328:"Commitment of Sexually Dangerous Persons" 12107: 11875:, Hodgins S, Blackwood N (February 2015). 11841: 11807: 11675: 11545:"Asperger syndrome and criminal behaviour" 11337: 11308: 11306: 10777: 10523: 9958: 9817: 9808: 9764: 9057: 8637: 8528: 8419: 7983:Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 7616:Psychopathy and Law: A Practitioners Guide 6821: 6765: 6706: 6202: 5596: 4906: 4470:. New York, NY: HarperCollins Publishers. 4387: 4140: 3750: 3606: 2981:"Moral strategies and psychopathic traits" 2807:Such characters are often portrayed in an 2371:Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( 1708:plays an important role in moral behavior. 1227:Arrogant and deceitful interpersonal style 965:systems that are involved in such control. 24: 12878:Psychopathology of Frontal Lobe Syndromes 12277:Paul Harrison, John Geddes (2005-07-18). 12233: 12176: 11756: 11741: 11652: 11634: 11562: 11519: 11470: 11460: 11081: 11063: 10964: 10694: 10506: 10430: 10379: 10208: 10181:International Clinical Psychopharmacology 10151: 10062: 10003: 9878: 9652: 9626: 9458: 9448: 9173: 9033: 8979: 8869: 8668: 8563: 8501: 8289: 8243: 8144: 8044:American Psychiatric Association (2013). 8011: 7920: 7169: 7159: 7032: 6804: 6612: 6309: 6061: 6051: 5399: 5329: 4690: 4673: 4050: 3509: 3507: 3505: 3308: 3071: 3053: 3004: 2947: 1817:Learn how and when to remove this message 1355:, including sensation seeking, a lack of 1044:Psychopathy has also been linked to high 1028: 14205:Mohamed Atta's alleged Prague connection 12751: 12074: 12046:"Psychopathic Criminals Cannot Be Cured" 12005: 11957: 11214: 10806: 10797:J Am Acad Psychiatry Law 32:408–29, 2004 10456:The British Journal of Forensic Practice 10292:Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 10284: 10042:Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 9678:Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 9114: 8685: 8368: 8028: 7674: 7186: 7104: 7057: 6919:Handbook of Psychology in Legal Contexts 6912: 6084: 5868:Benjamin S, Virginia S, Pedro R (2017). 5422: 5393: 5364: 4948: 4723: 4721: 4710:. 2000. pp. 645–650. Archived from 4645: 3574: 2950:"Psychopathy as a Personality Construct" 2860:, and fascination and sometimes perhaps 2485:. People with psychopathy are generally 2251:International Classification of Diseases 2177: 1966: 1695: 1600:in the recognition of, and response to, 1511:callous, unemotional interpersonal style 1267: 723:person in the sense of right and wrong. 405:International Classification of Diseases 32:This is an accepted version of this page 14004:Russian Institute for Strategic Studies 12883: 12725:Psychopathic Cultures and Toxic Empires 12591: 12582: 12572: 12557: 12540: 12011: 11623:International Journal of Women's Health 11303: 11140: 10740: 10711: 10669:Kiehl KA, Hoffman MB (1 January 2011). 10529: 9145: 9099: 8341:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.3.022806.091452 6965:Mills JF, Kroner DG, Morgan RD (2011). 6608:from the original on November 19, 2015. 6561: 6470: 6435: 6433: 6403: 6401: 5963: 5920: 5692: 5665: 5505:Regoli RM, Hewitt JD, DeLisi M (2011). 5431: 4868: 4608: 4565: 4409: 3676: 3551: 3498:from the original on February 22, 2016. 3447: 3445: 3443: 3441: 3439: 3437: 3435: 3433: 3431: 3429: 3427: 3425: 3423: 3421: 3419: 3417: 3415: 3413: 3411: 3409: 3407: 3405: 3403: 3401: 3399: 3397: 3395: 3393: 3391: 3389: 3387: 3385: 3383: 3381: 3379: 3377: 3375: 3373: 3371: 3369: 2856:, the disgust and intrigue surrounding 2811:fashion and typically in the role of a 2460:females are rare in forensic settings. 556:concept of "psychopathic inferiority" ( 14: 15005: 14892:Complex post-traumatic stress disorder 14131:Attempts to overturn the 2020 election 13922:Soviet influence on the peace movement 13519:Misinformation in the Israel–Hamas war 12739:The Psychopath – Emotion and the Brain 12381: 12250: 11374: 11312: 10863: 10717: 9787: 9306: 9269:Personality and Individual Differences 8899:Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 8653:"Neurobiological basis of psychopathy" 7942: 7940: 7642: 7256:from the original on December 30, 2023 6369: 6367: 5772:Jones DN, Paulhus DL (February 2014). 5674:Personality and Individual Differences 5508:Delinquency in Society: The Essentials 5079: 4833: 4827: 4528: 4397:Personality and Individual Differences 4355:Personality and Individual Differences 4276:Fisher KA, Torrico TJ, Hany M (2024), 4214: 4212: 4149: 4121: 4115: 4103:from the original on 19 September 2020 4000: 3998: 3966: 3964: 3933: 3931: 3900: 3898: 3837: 3835: 3738:from the original on September 4, 2013 3513: 3502: 3367: 3365: 3363: 3361: 3359: 3357: 3355: 3353: 3351: 3349: 2676: 2448:of psychopathy. For girls, 75% of the 2375:) is known to be highly comorbid with 2307:Levenson Self-Report Psychopathy Scale 2190:Psychopathy Checklist, Revised (PCL-R) 651:, as an alternative to the concept of 545:from 1891 in the medical literature). 515:has been traced to 1885. In medicine, 302:is accepted, though benefits are weak. 14629: 14390: 14278: 13856:ChinaAngVirus disinformation campaign 13644: 13557: 13465: 13399: 13096: 13054: 12963:, PDF of Hervey Cleckley's book, 1988 12851:Prometheus Books, Amherst, NY, 2007, 12820: 12643: 12563: 12423: 12132:from the original on 10 November 2013 12056:from the original on 20 February 2023 11984: 10571:News. August 10, 2006. Archived from 10034: 9669: 9554: 9429:Leedom LJ, Almas LH (December 2012). 9388:Perspectives on Psychological Science 9355: 8650: 8586: 8444: 8217: 8100:from the original on October 19, 2013 7755:from the original on November 3, 2013 7205:from the original on October 28, 2010 6676: 6331: 6329: 6287: 6285: 6254: 6252: 6198: 6196: 6175: 6173: 6159: 6157: 6111: 6109: 6107: 6078: 5145: 4808: 4718: 4524: 4522: 4168: 4024: 4018: 2960:from the original on 5 September 2023 2841: 2742:identifies psychopathy as one of the 1645:Psychopathy has been associated with 1568:Although some studies have suggested 1420: 1239:Impulsive and irresponsible lifestyle 1186: 1146:Psychopathic individuals do not show 756:(1801; "mania without delirium") and 298:Very few accepted treatments. Use of 12789: 12741:. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing, 12525: 12095:from the original on January 2, 2017 12043: 12014:"Psychopaths: how can you spot one?" 11909:from the original on 9 February 2018 11493: 11317:. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 107. 11112:Blair J, Mitchel D, Blair K (2005). 10730:from the original on March 18, 2012. 9820:Psychiatric Clinics of North America 9772:Variants ("subtypes") of psychopathy 9385: 9104:. Guilford Press. pp. 234, 240. 8706:Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 8448:North American Journal of Psychology 8407:from the original on 26 January 2021 8328:Annual Review of Clinical Psychology 7724:from the original on August 10, 2014 6430: 6398: 4915: 4774:Craig L, Browne K, Beech AR (2008). 4727: 4465: 3800: 3701:from the original on 25 January 2021 3598:(2). New York City: MJH Associates. 3580: 3163: 2303:Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory 1770: 1276:, violence, and antisocial behavior. 271:, other psychotic disorders such as 15038:Obsolete terms for mental disorders 14126:1995 CIA disinformation controversy 13336:State-sponsored Internet propaganda 12114:Mayo Clinic staff (12 April 2013). 10327:from the original on 6 October 2016 7937: 7281:Legal and Criminological Psychology 7230:Legal and Criminological Psychology 7111:forensicpsychologist.blogspot.co.uk 6364: 6335: 6270:from the original on 6 January 2021 6203:Hacker FJ, Frym M (December 1955). 4209: 4089: 3995: 3961: 3928: 3895: 3832: 3346: 2842:callous and scheming businessperson 2764:Fictional portrayals of psychopaths 2681: 2605:is grounds for detention in secure 1943:, as well as low reactivity in the 1757: 1477: 1465:Childhood and adolescent precursors 1374: 1207: 783:psychopathischen Minderwertigkeiten 688:stated in the popular science book 366:. These traits are often masked by 56: 14569:Psychopathic Personality Inventory 13597:Misinformation related to abortion 11972:from the original on 10 March 2016 11814:American Psychological Association 11354:10.1097/01.CHI.0000070252.24125.CD 11115:Psychopathy, emotion and the brain 10594:"Scientist debunks 'warrior gene'" 9127:from the original on 23 April 2016 8486:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.110 7192: 7025:American Psychological Association 6843:American Psychological Association 6753:from the original on 18 April 2016 6543:from the original on 13 April 2016 6326: 6282: 6249: 6237:from the original on 16 April 2016 6193: 6170: 6154: 6104: 5993:Psychology, Public Policy, and Law 5467:Journal of Research in Personality 5279:American Psychological Association 5209:American Psychological Association 5164:American Psychological Association 4877:. Nova Publishers. pp. 42–3. 4805:Bradley F Smith. Times Books. 1983 4519: 3602:from the original on May 28, 2013. 3322:(87). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: 3315:The American Journal of Psychiatry 3229:Journal of Research in Personality 3187: 2418: 2299:California Psychological Inventory 2218:Psychopathic Personality Inventory 2212:Psychopathic Personality Inventory 1700:From accidents such as the one of 1414: 930:Psychopathic Personality Inventory 743:description of an unscrupulous man 676:Psychopathic Personality Inventory 559:psychopathische Minderwertigkeiten 57: 15054: 13814:Voluntary Agency Network of Korea 13427:The KGB and Soviet Disinformation 13042:"When Your Child is a Psychopath" 12904: 12601:Behavioral Sciences & the Law 11820:from the original on 8 March 2016 11810:"Treatment for the 'untreatable'" 11550:Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 11543:Dein K, Woodbury-Smith M (2010). 11500:The British Journal of Psychiatry 9645:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2009.03.012 9593:Behavioral Sciences & the Law 9534:Patrick, Christopher J. (Editor) 8657:The British Journal of Psychiatry 8050:(Fifth ed.). Arlington, VA: 7844:Journal of Individual Differences 7678:Behavioral Sciences & the Law 6841:(3). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: 6781:Netherlands Journal of Psychology 6298:The British Journal of Psychiatry 5872:(10th ed.). Wolters Kluwer. 4698:"Antisocial personality disorder" 4278:"Antisocial Personality Disorder" 3516:The Oxford Handbook of Psychiatry 2569: 1866: 1640: 1168:University of Southern California 833:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 261:narcissistic personality disorder 14367:United States Information Agency 13646:Operations and events by country 12969:Official web site of Robert Hare 12694:Babiak P, Hare RD (2009-10-13). 12653: 12636: 12270: 12193: 12144: 12037: 11951: 11921: 11864: 11801: 11669: 11610: 11575: 11536: 11487: 11426: 11368: 11331: 11315:The Psychopathy of Everyday Life 11266: 11136:from the original on 2016-03-06. 11039: 11010: 10981: 10924: 10895: 10638: 10447: 10396: 10339: 10225: 10168: 10131:European Journal of Neuroscience 10117: 10103:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.07.025 10079: 9981: 9952: 9895: 9846: 9804:from the original on 2018-02-16. 9781: 9733:10.1111/j.1440-1614.2005.01679.x 9712: 9620: 9569:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.02058.x 9528: 9422: 9400:10.1111/j.1745-6924.2009.01138.x 9379: 9349: 9256: 9190: 9139: 9115:Wallisch P (November 17, 2014). 9108: 9053:from the original on 2013-04-06. 8996: 8837: 8633:from the original on 2013-07-21. 8518: 8459: 8438: 8362: 8358:from the original on 2013-09-14. 8112: 8091:American Psychiatric Association 8037: 7969: 7878: 7835: 7767: 7742: 7711: 7636: 7607: 7564: 7529: 7504: 7446: 7380: 7337: 7300: 7217: 7142:(9). San Francisco, California: 7121: 7098: 7006: 6906: 6865: 6700: 6670: 6666:from the original on 2011-12-03. 6576:(2). Thousand Oaks, California: 6555: 5010:10.1007/978-3-319-28099-8_1075-1 4996:Lilienfeld SO, Watts AL (2016), 4708:American Psychiatric Association 3732:Encyclopedia of Mental Disorders 3466:(3). Thousand Oaks, California: 3324:American Psychiatric Association 3268:Journal of Personality Disorders 2954:American Psychiatric Association 2620: 2578:, instead of 30 as it is in the 2503:behavior modification techniques 2266:American Psychiatric Association 1924: 1838:model and Christopher Patrick's 1775: 1763:This section is an excerpt from 1517: 1403:has consolidated such a result. 1102:Criticism of current conceptions 623:The media usually uses the term 394:), as did American psychologist 122: 14588: 14529:Antisocial personality disorder 14416: 13967:Information war against Ukraine 13514:International Jewish conspiracy 13482:Congo Free State propaganda war 12961:The Mask of Sanity, 5th Edition 12686: 12671:from the original on 2018-02-16 12470:from the original on 2020-11-23 12412:from the original on 2020-08-06 12363:Aggression and Violent Behavior 12301:from the original on 2021-01-25 12026:from the original on 2015-01-09 11730:from the original on 2020-08-06 11415:from the original on 2023-03-07 11251:from the original on 2017-04-04 11028:from the original on 2023-09-20 10999:from the original on 2023-12-30 10913:from the original on 2022-01-06 10608:from the original on 2020-08-07 10305:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.04.009 10090:Journal of Psychiatric Research 10055:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.07.005 9904:Development and Psychopathology 9859:Development and Psychopathology 9690:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104875 9368:from the original on 2022-09-27 9245:from the original on 2023-03-22 9075:Aggression and Violent Behavior 8912:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.08.006 8781:from the original on 2020-10-12 8052:American Psychiatric Publishing 7958:from the original on 2018-02-16 7824:from the original on 2020-10-14 7493:from the original on 2020-08-25 7435:from the original on 2020-06-16 7199:Federal Bureau of Investigation 6991:from the original on 2017-04-04 6943:from the original on 2017-04-03 6789:Springer Science+Business Media 6707:Glenn AL, Raine A (July 2009). 6689:from the original on 2023-01-30 6453:from the original on 2018-02-16 6419:from the original on 2018-02-16 6387:from the original on 2018-02-16 6352:from the original on 8 May 2016 6019: 5984: 5957: 5914: 5886: 5861: 5852: 5843: 5833: 5823: 5812:from the original on 2023-05-28 5765: 5755: 5745: 5735: 5636: 5621:from the original on 2021-02-25 5575:from the original on 2020-08-19 5551:Campbell WK, Miller JD (2011). 5529:from the original on 2020-08-20 5457: 5323: 5312:from the original on 2020-11-23 5253: 5242:from the original on 2021-01-28 5186: 5108: 5073: 5031: 4989: 4942: 4891:from the original on 2017-03-23 4862: 4796: 4776:Assessing Risk in Sex Offenders 4767: 4756:from the original on 2018-02-16 4736: 4639: 4602: 4559: 4484: 4459: 4442: 4403: 4381: 4342: 4325: 4301: 4269: 4250: 4231: 4190: 4067: 3865: 3794: 3772:Springer Science+Business Media 3654:from the original on 2020-08-06 3111:Development and Psychopathology 2769: 2768:Characters with psychopathy or 2319:antisocial personality disorder 2274:antisocial personality disorder 1962: 1716: 1588:Emotion recognition and empathy 1349:Federal Bureau of Investigation 1156:antisocial personality disorder 800: 672:antisocial personality disorder 519:has a more specific meaning of 417: 410:antisocial personality disorder 257:Antisocial personality disorder 97:antisocial personality disorder 14279: 14195:Information Operations Roadmap 14105:Psychological Warfare Division 13675:Chinese information operations 13624:Water fluoridation controversy 12828:. New York: Crown Publishers. 12218:10.1002/14651858.CD007667.pub3 11276:Journal of Abnormal Psychology 10499:10.1016/j.psychres.2010.08.026 10364:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.09.006 9013:Journal of Abnormal Psychology 8754:Journal of Abnormal Psychology 8556:10.1016/j.psychres.2005.09.013 8473:Archives of General Psychiatry 8137:10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.02.014 7905:10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.15111381 7892:American Journal of Psychiatry 7511:Levenson JS, Morin JW (2000). 6917:. In Carson D, Bull R (eds.). 6834:Journal of Abnormal Psychology 5270:Journal of Abnormal Psychology 5200:Journal of Abnormal Psychology 5155:Journal of Abnormal Psychology 5086:. New York: Psychology Press. 3627:Journal of Abnormal Psychology 3255: 3216: 3029: 2985:Journal of Abnormal Psychology 2972: 2941: 2917: 2637:sexually dangerous person laws 2603:dissocial personality disorder 2454:callous and unemotional traits 2405:callous and unemotional traits 2312: 2297:(Psychopathic Deviate scale), 2284: 2278:dissocial personality disorder 2239: 2078: 1957:response modulation hypothesis 1739:ventromedial prefrontal cortex 1691: 1542:ventromedial prefrontal cortex 1263: 1233:Deficient affective experience 1216: 1176:ventromedial prefrontal cortex 1160:dissocial personality disorder 1125:dissociative identity disorder 992: 414:dissocial personality disorder 13: 1: 14673:Adverse childhood experiences 14579:Sadistic personality disorder 14302:Active Measures Working Group 13960:during the Russo-Georgian War 13927:U.S. Army Field Manual 30-31B 11895:10.1016/S2215-0366(14)00071-6 10235:Journal of Psychopharmacology 8802:Journal of Genetic Psychology 8694:"Psychopathy" by Quinton 2006 8390:10.1080/01639625.2019.1582968 8190:The Franklin Institute Online 7310:Criminal Justice and Behavior 6132:10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.02.053 5513:Jones & Bartlett Learning 5511:. Burlington, Massachusetts: 5484:10.1016/S0092-6566(02)00505-6 4533:. Thousand Oaks, California: 3616:, Hart SD, Harpur TJ (1991). 2910: 2757: 2487:unmotivated to seek treatment 2463: 2227:Triarchic Psychopathy Measure 1931:§ Mental characteristics 1919: 878: 726: 630: 14185:The Freedom Fighter's Manual 13862:Fake news in the Philippines 13466: 13234:Fear, uncertainty, and doubt 12505:10.1080/10683160310001634304 11958:Seabrook J (November 2008). 11808:Dingfelder SF (March 2004). 11759:Trauma, Violence & Abuse 11691:(3): 290, 292–294, 296–297. 11462:10.1371/journal.pone.0134331 11235:10.1007/978-94-011-3965-6_12 10193:10.1097/YIC.0b013e32834b80df 9153:Reviews in the Neurosciences 8862:10.1080/17470919.2013.866905 8608:10.1016/0010-0277(95)00676-p 8318:Hare RD, Neumann CS (2008). 7714:"Psychopathy Scales: PCL:YV" 7161:10.1371/journal.pone.0072484 7105:Franklin K (June 19, 2011). 6626:Neumann CS, Hare RD (2008). 6519:(3). Amsterdam, Netherland: 6260:"Frequently asked questions" 5402:Psychobiology of personality 5193:Edens JF, Marcus DK (2006). 5083:The Antisocial Personalities 4625:10.1016/0010-440X(93)90031-X 4124:The Antisocial Personalities 3728:"Hare Psychopathy Checklist" 3194:Stone MH, Brucato G (2019). 3173:. New York: Guilford Press. 2844:, and the chronic low-level 2688:Psychopathy in the workplace 2659: 2654:randomized controlled trials 2642: 2167: 2087:combined with low levels of 2043:connecting the amygdala and 1557:connecting the amygdala and 1546:stimulus-reinforced learning 1522: 1258: 1246:Low anxiety and fearlessness 1077:Psychopathy, narcissism and 849:Office of Strategic Services 809:. In his classic monograph, 572:Stedman's Medical Dictionary 568:National Library of Medicine 470: 7: 14312:Counter Misinformation Team 14307:Counter disinformation unit 13757:Myth of the clean Wehrmacht 13244:Forgery as covert operation 12493:Psychology, Crime & Law 12256:The Mental Health Act (UK) 11676:Eisenbarth H (2014-03-01). 11162:10.1016/j.encep.2009.07.004 10718:Minkel JR (June 17, 2010). 10285:Yildirim BO (August 2013). 10248:10.1177/0269881103017002011 10014:10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.149 8767:10.1037/0021-843x.111.4.682 8186:"Protect – Watch Your Head" 7645:The Psychology of Terrorism 7074:(3). Oxfordshire, England: 6851:10.1037/0021-843X.111.3.436 5597:Leary MR, Hoyle RH (2009). 5287:10.1037/0021-843X.115.1.131 5217:10.1037/0021-843X.115.1.131 5172:10.1037/0021-843X.113.4.626 4015:Retrieved January 21st 2012 3992:Retrieved January 21st 2012 3943:Online Etymology Dictionary 3910:Online Etymology Dictionary 3877:Online Etymology Dictionary 3847:Online Etymology Dictionary 3640:10.1037/0021-843X.100.3.391 2883: 2751:Journal of Business Ethics, 2538:in other mental disorders. 2468: 2301:(Socialization scale), and 2289:There are some traditional 1447:The Psychology of Terrorism 1312:Studies on perpetrators of 1296: 883: 827:The diagnostic category of 90:Psychopath (disambiguation) 10: 15059: 14322:The Disinformation Project 13752:Propaganda in Nazi Germany 13108:Algorithmic radicalization 12988:The Paradox of Psychopathy 12727:Frontline Noir, Edinburgh 12547:Baibak P, Hare RD (2007). 12453:10.1016/j.ijlp.2009.01.002 12052:. Sussex Publishers, LLC. 11933:Center for Science and Law 11596:10.1016/j.jaac.2010.03.014 11289:10.1037/0021-843X.99.4.430 11200:10.1016/j.ijlp.2004.03.005 9965:Cambridge University Press 9774:. In C. J. Patrick (Ed.), 9757:. In C. J. Patrick (Ed.), 9281:10.1016/j.paid.2016.09.023 9166:10.1515/revneuro-2012-0036 8369:Sharratt K (22 Feb 2019). 7745:"Psychopathy Scales: APSD" 7405:10.1177/107906320401600101 7067:Clinical Psychology Review 6731:10.1016/j.ijlp.2009.04.002 6649:10.1037/0022-006X.76.5.893 6529:10.1016/j.ijlp.2009.02.008 6085:Vedantam S (28 May 2007). 5686:10.1016/j.paid.2009.06.020 5439:. New Haven, Connecticut: 5406:Cambridge University Press 5131:10.1037/0022-006X.62.2.387 4580:10.1177/0957154X9901003706 4367:10.1016/j.paid.2020.110124 3120:Cambridge University Press 3055:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1061642 2761: 2685: 2550:settings, particularly in 2215: 2181: 1928: 1875: 1762: 1686:callous-unemotional traits 1675: 1481: 1418: 463: 459: 342:characterized by impaired 216:psychological manipulation 94: 80: 61: 14882:Abusive power and control 14864: 14663: 14655: 14597: 14521: 14445: 14424: 14285: 14274: 14245: 14239:Bolivarian Army of Trolls 14233: 14215:Tobacco industry playbook 14146:CIA Kennedy assassination 14118: 14064: 14038: 14026: 13940: 13887: 13875: 13844: 13832: 13820: 13808: 13796: 13765: 13739: 13727: 13667: 13655: 13651: 13640: 13472: 13461: 13406: 13395: 13279:Manipulation (psychology) 13103: 13097: 13092: 13001:Into the Mind of a Killer 12926: 12912: 12777:The Wisdom of Psychopaths 12375:10.1016/j.avb.2013.06.003 12280:Lecture Notes: Psychiatry 12169:10.1017/S1092852914000157 11697:10.1007/s00115-013-3902-9 11564:10.1192/apt.bp.107.005082 11512:10.1192/bjp.bp.114.159863 11393:10.1017/S0033291706008853 11387:(12). et al.: 1789–1798. 11022:World Health Organization 10907:patrickcnslab.psy.fsu.edu 10538:(2): 1–11. Archived from 10035:Glenn AL (January 2011). 9916:10.1017/S0954579405050546 9871:10.1017/S0954579409000418 9832:10.1016/j.psc.2008.03.004 9362:Psypost - Psychology News 9087:10.1016/j.avb.2011.03.009 8815:10.1080/00221320109597961 7856:10.1027/1614-0001/a000090 7585:10.1017/S1092852917000645 7144:Public Library of Science 7084:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.11.009 6683:Psypost - Psychology News 6562:Walters GD (April 2004). 6346:University of North Texas 6179:See Section 1 of the act 6119:Physiology & Behavior 4505:10.1037/1040-3590.14.1.27 3780:10.1007/s10862-009-9147-z 3677:Andrade J (23 Mar 2009). 3241:10.1016/j.jrp.2013.05.006 3128:10.1017/S0954579409000492 3118:(3). Cambridge, England: 2615:traditional incarceration 2495:pharmacological therapies 2256:World Health Organization 2232:total psychopathy score. 2159:Findings have also shown 2145:found that a large 2D:4D 2012:, anterior and posterior 1872:Evolutionary explanations 1561:. There is evidence from 831:in early editions of the 745:by the Greek philosopher 499: 489: 316: 306: 294: 286: 250: 237: 229: 185: 165: 114: 109: 14957:Psychological projection 14819:Referee and umpire abuse 14327:East StratCom Task Force 14141:9/11 conspiracy theories 13138:List of cognitive biases 12737:Blair, J. et al. (2005) 12406:10.1037/1040-3590.11.1.3 12394:Psychological Assessment 12012:Chivers T (2014-04-06). 11771:10.1177/1524838006288929 10937:Psychological Assessment 10841:10.1177/1073191111402460 10755:10.1177/0306624X03259472 10352:Psychoneuroendocrinology 9627:Yang Y, Raine A (2009). 9450:10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00549 9100:Patrick CJ, ed. (2005). 7459:Psychological Assessment 7323:10.1177/0093854808327277 7294:10.1348/135532508X284310 7242:10.1348/135532508X284310 6586:10.1177/0306624X03259472 6471:Patrick CJ, ed. (2005). 5935:10.1177/0306624X03259472 5896:J Am Acad Psychiatry Law 5790:10.1177/1073191113514105 5713:10.1177/0956797613490749 5080:Lykken DT (1995-05-01). 5059:10.1177/0963721415580297 4666:10.1136/bmj.309.6958.826 4612:Comprehensive Psychiatry 4493:Psychological Assessment 3476:10.1177/1529100611426706 3280:10.1521/pedi_2014_28_134 2626:"Sexual psychopath" laws 2541: 2172: 2149:, an indication of high 1945:autonomic nervous system 1729:, such as damage to the 1721:Researchers have linked 1663: 1572:between psychopathy and 1397:deviant sexual interests 1272:Psychopathy is strongly 778:psychopathic inferiority 333:psychopathic personality 281:schizoaffective disorder 62:Not to be confused with 39:latest accepted revision 14253:Public opinion brigades 14210:Niger uranium forgeries 14200:Litter boxes in schools 13570:COVID-19 misinformation 13492:Free energy suppression 13401:Books and documentaries 13175:Euphemistic misspeaking 12044:Bonn SA (August 2014). 11844:Handbook of psychopathy 11447:(9). et al.: e0134331. 9918:(inactive 2024-09-18). 9776:Handbook of psychopathy 9759:Handbook of psychopathy 9753:Patrick, C. J. (2018). 9684:. Elsevier BV: 104875. 9536:Handbook of Psychopathy 9436:Frontiers in Psychology 9102:Handbook of Psychopathy 8718:10.1023/A:1012277125119 8428:Handbook of psychopathy 7794:10.1023/a:1025787019702 7358:10.1023/A:1025461421791 7023:(5). Washington, D.C.: 6677:Dolan EW (2023-01-28). 6473:Handbook of Psychopathy 6053:10.1073/pnas.1609985113 5277:(1). Washington, D.C.: 5207:(1). Washington, D.C.: 5162:(4). Washington, D.C.: 4871:"Hitler the Psychopath" 4410:Patrick C (July 2016). 3554:Handbook of Psychopathy 3520:Oxford University Press 3042:Frontiers in Psychiatry 2491:Handbook of Psychopathy 2390:substance use disorders 2198:William and Joan McCord 2123:internalizing disorders 1885:evolutionary psychology 1878:Evolutionary psychiatry 1704:, it is known that the 1421:§ In the workplace 829:sociopathic personality 817:Veterans Administration 774:intellectual disability 535:has meant the study of 290:Proper care of children 14584:Sexual sadism disorder 14544:History of psychopathy 14513:Superficially charming 13999:2016 Brexit referendum 13348:Scientific fabrication 13259:Historical negationism 12983:Psychopathy Is website 12973:Philpapers Psychopathy 12267:Accessed June 26, 2006 11506:(5). et al.: 392–399. 11381:Psychological Medicine 10604:. September 12, 2009. 10569:The New Zealand Herald 10468:10.5042/bjfp.2010.0183 9991:Psychological Bulletin 9485:Psychological Bulletin 9356:Manis E (2022-09-13). 8236:10.1098/rstb.2008.0027 7346:Law and Human Behavior 7117:on September 23, 2013. 7016:Psychological Bulletin 6927:10.1002/0470013397.ch5 5404:. Cambridge, England: 5333:Journal of Personality 4529:Wenzel A, ed. (2017). 4388:Lilienfeld SO (2020). 4031:Schizophrenia Bulletin 2588:Mental Health Act 2007 2433:openness to experience 2356:disorders in general, 2276:(ASPD) in the DSM and 2264:(DSM) produced by the 2254:(ICD) produced by the 1976: 1797:by rewriting it in an 1727:traumatic brain injury 1709: 1538:traumatic brain injury 1277: 1133: 1029:Personality dimensions 907:Cleckleyan psychopathy 893: 782: 776:. He applied the term 558: 466:History of psychopathy 350:, in combination with 265:sexual sadism disorder 252:Differential diagnosis 88:. For other uses, see 59:Mental health disorder 14927:Just-world hypothesis 14678:Anti-social behaviour 14574:Psychopathy Checklist 14453:Anti-social behaviour 14295:Fact-checking website 14100:Operation Mass Appeal 14082:Clockwork Orange plot 13592:Mental illness denial 13487:Climate change denial 13304:Psychological warfare 13274:Internet manipulation 13239:Firehose of falsehood 13165:Disinformation attack 11882:The Lancet Psychiatry 9318:Karolinska Institutet 8125:Biological Psychiatry 7620:John Wiley & Sons 6967:"Psychopathic Traits" 6311:10.1192/bjp.188.2.159 6210:California Law Review 5701:Psychological Science 5441:Yale University Press 5092:10.4324/9780203763551 4780:John Wiley & Sons 4568:History of Psychiatry 4043:10.1093/schbul/sbm136 3618:"Psychopathy and the 3198:. Amherst, New York: 2890:Collective narcissism 2800:stories, and some of 2607:psychiatric hospitals 2479:personality disorders 2415:in sample selection. 2342:personality disorders 2202:as a theoretical tool 2184:Psychopathy Checklist 2178:Psychopathy Checklist 2164:needed in this area. 1970: 1699: 1634:extrastriate cortical 1570:inverse relationships 1274:correlated with crime 1271: 1117:bipolar mood disorder 1112: 932:(PPI) to this model. 926:Psychopathy Checklist 888: 868:probably a psychopath 837:Psychopathy Checklist 570:. On the other hand, 426:Psychopathy Checklist 15043:Behavioural sciences 14962:Psychological trauma 14549:Juvenile delinquency 13434:Who's Who in the CIA 12287:. pp. 163–165. 12285:Blackwell Publishing 11994:The Guilford Press. 10575:on February 23, 2013 8538:Kiehl K. A. (2006). 8277:Molecular Psychiatry 6882:(3). New York City: 6787:(4). New York City: 6721:(4). New York City: 5474:(6). New York City: 5443:. pp. 130–153. 5400:Zuckerman M (1991). 5340:(6). New York City: 4998:"Fearless Dominance" 4949:Blonigen DM (2013). 4126:. Psychology Press. 3770:(2). New York City: 3584:(February 1, 1996). 2948:Blackburn R (2005). 2929:www.healthyplace.com 2868:and unencumbered by 2350:obsessive–compulsive 2065:orbitofrontal cortex 2045:orbitofrontal cortex 2010:parahippocampal gyri 1979:Thanks to advancing 1973:orbitofrontal cortex 1735:orbitofrontal cortex 1681:Genetically informed 1559:orbitofrontal cortex 1527:Dysfunctions in the 1072:malignant narcissism 1062:, from a particular 1052:and responsibility, 915:criminal psychopathy 710:to be confused with 479:is a joining of the 446:fictional portrayals 277:schizotypal disorder 15033:Forensic psychology 14872:Abusive supervision 14799:Psychological abuse 14774:Institutional abuse 14610:George E. Partridge 14136:Conspiracy theories 14077:Double-Cross System 14046:Conspiracy theories 13907:Operation INFEKTION 13695:Internet Water Army 13549:Strategy of tension 13414:by Ion Mihai Pacepa 13299:Post-truth politics 13035:Scientific American 12752:Cleckley H (1988). 12723:Black, Will (2014) 12075:Nussbaum A (2013). 12019:The Daily Telegraph 11850:. pp. 555–72. 11636:10.2147/IJWH.S25518 11453:2015PLoSO..1034331O 11229:. pp. 257–68. 11052:Behavioral Sciences 10807:Franklin K (2011). 10784:Dorothy Otnow Lewis 10487:Psychiatry Research 10410:Nature Neuroscience 9967:. pp. 170–86. 9633:Psychiatry Research 8972:10.1093/scan/nsr048 8850:Social Neuroscience 8670:10.1192/bjp.182.1.5 8544:Psychiatry Research 8434:. pp. 401–421. 8284:(10): 946–53, 907. 7952:World of Psychology 7538:Behavioral Sciences 7515:. SAGE. p. 7. 7152:2013PLoSO...872484S 6921:. pp. 127–42. 6913:Heilbrun K (2005). 6875:Aggressive Behavior 6091:The Washington Post 6044:2016PNAS..11314438B 6038:(50): 14438–14443. 5651:. pp. 249–67. 5379:. pp. 171–87. 4869:Walters GD (2006). 4834:Langer WC (1972) . 4646:Bluglass R (1994). 4333:"DSM-5 Section III" 4186:on August 22, 2012. 4085:on August 23, 2012. 3685:Springer Publishing 3518:. Oxford, England: 3332:10.1176/ajp.87.1.53 2905:Violence and autism 2850:juvenile delinquent 2677:Society and culture 2617:is often not used. 2601:, the diagnosis of 2428:for men and women. 2352:disorders, but not 2161:monoamine oxidase A 1971:Dysfunction of the 1551:uncinate fasciculus 1108:Dorothy Otnow Lewis 649:George E. Partridge 396:George E. Partridge 176:clinical psychology 29:Page version status 14952:Playing the victim 14844:Surveillance abuse 14794:Professional abuse 14715:Cruelty to animals 14605:Hervey M. Cleckley 14498:Pathological lying 14468:Diminished empathy 14032:HIV/AIDS denialism 14009:Trolls from Olgino 13783:Paid news in India 13773:Fake news in India 13587:HIV/AIDS denialism 13441:Merchants of Doubt 13314:Military deception 13289:Media manipulation 13128:Circular reporting 12993:2013-04-15 at the 12967:Without Conscience 12927:External resources 12884:Widiger T (1995). 12755:The Mask of Sanity 12263:2005-11-17 at the 11433:O'Nions E (2015). 10793:2020-11-23 at the 10724:Scientific America 10650:2017-04-04 at the 10631:2017-04-04 at the 9826:(3): 463–75, vii. 9541:2017-04-03 at the 9498:10.1037/bul0000024 9215:10.1037/tra0001191 9146:Koenigs M (2012). 8291:10.1038/mp.2009.40 7996:10.1111/jcpp.12598 7749:Without Conscience 7718:Without Conscience 6977:. pp. 55–64. 6797:10.1007/BF03061075 6479:. pp. 440–3. 6186:2015-04-23 at the 6005:10.1037/law0000239 5350:10.1111/jopy.12124 4820:2020-08-06 at the 4428:10.1037/per0000179 4262:2015-10-01 at the 4243:2017-04-04 at the 4224:2017-01-03 at the 4202:2018-11-16 at the 4122:Lykken DT (1995). 4099:. Dictionary.com. 4011:2013-04-04 at the 3988:2014-01-06 at the 3977:2014-01-06 at the 3552:Patrick C (2005). 3522:. pp. 448–9. 3202:. pp. 48–52. 2997:10.1037/abn0000675 2483:difficult to treat 2396:Michael Fitzgerald 2381:executive function 1977: 1859:Gender differences 1799:encyclopedic style 1786:is written like a 1743:autonomic response 1710: 1669:Behavioral genetic 1602:facial expressions 1459:white collar crime 1288:small to moderate 1278: 1187:Signs and symptoms 1172:Antonio R. Damasio 812:The Mask of Sanity 378:Hervey M. Cleckley 372:immunity to stress 200:pathological lying 35: 15000: 14999: 14977:Traumatic bonding 14623: 14622: 14598:Notable theorists 14384: 14383: 14380: 14379: 14270: 14269: 14266: 14265: 14220:Operation Shocker 14022: 14021: 13902:K-1000 battleship 13733:Operation Neptune 13636: 13635: 13632: 13631: 13457: 13456: 13391: 13390: 13383:Yellow journalism 13331:counterpropaganda 13212:List of fallacies 13145:Conspiracy theory 13113:Alternative facts 12950: 12949: 12895:978-0-911907-21-6 12868:978-1-63388-532-5 12835:978-0-7704-3584-4 12810:978-1-57230-451-2 12784:978-0-374-70910-5 12747:978-0-631-23335-0 12713:978-0-06-114789-0 12564:Boddy CR (2011). 12294:978-1-4051-1869-9 12088:978-1-58562-466-9 12000:978-1-59385-476-8 11857:978-1-59385-591-8 11375:Rogers J (2006). 11324:978-0-275-98798-5 11313:Kantor M (2006). 11244:978-0-7923-4920-4 11129:978-0-631-23336-7 11122:. pp. 25–7. 11065:10.3390/bs6010005 10883:Missing or empty 10144:10.1111/ejn.12744 10138:(12): 3735–3745. 9974:978-0-521-60785-8 9788:Sophia W (2012). 9327:978-91-7549-910-9 9307:Sörman K (2015). 8906:(10): 2288–2304. 8651:Blair RJ (2003). 8230:(1503): 2557–65. 8087:DSM-5 Development 8065:978-0-89042-555-8 7781:Behavior Genetics 7658:978-0-7146-5262-7 7643:Horgan J (2005). 7629:978-0-470-97238-0 7522:978-0-7619-2192-9 6984:978-1-60623-985-8 6973:. New York City: 6936:978-0-470-01339-7 6578:SAGE Publications 6486:978-1-59385-591-8 6475:. New York City: 5879:978-1-4511-0047-1 5658:978-1-118-00186-8 5647:. New York City: 5614:978-1-59385-647-2 5603:. New York City: 5568:978-1-118-02924-4 5557:. New York City: 5522:978-0-7637-7790-6 5450:978-0-300-10180-5 5415:978-0-521-35942-9 5386:978-1-57230-864-0 5101:978-0-203-76355-1 5019:978-3-319-28099-8 4884:978-1-60021-033-4 4855:978-0-465-04620-1 4789:978-0-470-01898-9 4544:978-1-4833-6582-4 4535:SAGE Publications 4477:978-0-06-083772-3 4161:978-0-8058-6079-5 4150:Rutter S (2007). 4133:978-0-8058-1941-0 3825:978-1-57230-451-2 3810:. New York City: 3694:978-0-8261-9904-1 3683:. New York City: 3591:Psychiatric Times 3567:978-1-60623-804-2 3529:978-0-19-852783-1 3514:Semple D (2005). 3209:978-1-63388-532-5 3180:978-1-57230-451-2 2774:characterizations 2731:corporate culture 2611:Mental Health Act 2400:Asperger syndrome 2385:Anxiety disorders 2291:personality tests 2053:statistical power 1947:as measured with 1827: 1826: 1819: 1731:prefrontal cortex 1706:prefrontal cortex 1529:prefrontal cortex 1314:domestic violence 1035:conscientiousness 928:(PCL, PCL-R) and 635:The word element 542:pathological liar 456:and psychopathy. 368:superficial charm 326: 325: 210:, inclination to 196:superficial charm 104:Medical condition 47:28 September 2024 26: 16:(Redirected from 15050: 15018:1840s neologisms 14839:Structural abuse 14814:Police brutality 14720:Disability abuse 14650: 14643: 14636: 14627: 14626: 14554:Machiavellianism 14534:Conduct disorder 14437:In the workplace 14411: 14404: 14397: 14388: 14387: 14276: 14275: 14095:MMR autism fraud 13978:On US elections 13912:Operation Toucan 13885: 13884: 13653: 13652: 13642: 13641: 13607:anti-vaccination 13555: 13554: 13502:Holocaust denial 13477:Bermuda Triangle 13463: 13462: 13397: 13396: 13326:black propaganda 13294:Potemkin village 13219:False accusation 13195:list of websites 13094: 13093: 13075: 13068: 13061: 13052: 13051: 13025: 12957:on Google Books. 12910: 12909: 12899: 12839: 12814: 12769: 12720: 12718:snakes in suits. 12702:. New York, NY: 12701: 12680: 12679: 12677: 12676: 12657: 12651: 12649: 12644:James O (2013), 12640: 12634: 12633: 12595: 12589: 12586: 12580: 12576: 12570: 12569: 12561: 12555: 12554: 12544: 12538: 12537: 12529:Psychology Today 12523: 12517: 12516: 12488: 12479: 12478: 12476: 12475: 12469: 12436: 12427: 12421: 12420: 12418: 12417: 12385: 12379: 12378: 12355: 12349: 12348: 12346: 12345: 12339: 12332: 12323: 12314: 12313: 12307: 12306: 12274: 12268: 12254: 12248: 12247: 12237: 12197: 12191: 12190: 12180: 12148: 12142: 12141: 12139: 12137: 12111: 12105: 12104: 12102: 12100: 12072: 12066: 12065: 12063: 12061: 12050:Psychology Today 12041: 12035: 12034: 12032: 12031: 12009: 12003: 11988: 11982: 11981: 11979: 11977: 11955: 11949: 11948: 11946: 11944: 11939:on 10 March 2016 11935:. Archived from 11925: 11919: 11918: 11916: 11914: 11868: 11862: 11861: 11839: 11830: 11829: 11827: 11825: 11805: 11799: 11798: 11754: 11739: 11738: 11736: 11735: 11729: 11682: 11673: 11667: 11666: 11656: 11638: 11614: 11608: 11607: 11579: 11573: 11572: 11566: 11540: 11534: 11533: 11523: 11494:Leno VC (2015). 11491: 11485: 11484: 11474: 11464: 11430: 11424: 11423: 11421: 11420: 11372: 11366: 11365: 11335: 11329: 11328: 11310: 11301: 11300: 11270: 11264: 11263: 11257: 11256: 11218: 11212: 11211: 11183: 11174: 11173: 11144: 11138: 11137: 11109: 11096: 11095: 11085: 11067: 11043: 11037: 11036: 11034: 11033: 11014: 11008: 11007: 11005: 11004: 10993:Cleveland Clinic 10985: 10979: 10978: 10968: 10949:10.1037/a0035152 10928: 10922: 10921: 10919: 10918: 10899: 10893: 10892: 10886: 10881: 10879: 10871: 10867: 10861: 10860: 10823: 10817: 10816: 10804: 10798: 10781: 10775: 10774: 10738: 10732: 10731: 10715: 10709: 10708: 10698: 10666: 10655: 10642: 10636: 10623: 10617: 10616: 10614: 10613: 10590: 10584: 10583: 10581: 10580: 10557: 10551: 10550: 10548: 10547: 10530:Hook GR (2009). 10527: 10521: 10520: 10510: 10478: 10472: 10471: 10451: 10445: 10444: 10434: 10400: 10394: 10393: 10383: 10343: 10337: 10336: 10334: 10332: 10299:(7): 1254–1296. 10282: 10276: 10275: 10229: 10223: 10222: 10212: 10172: 10166: 10165: 10155: 10121: 10115: 10114: 10083: 10077: 10076: 10066: 10032: 10026: 10025: 10007: 9985: 9979: 9978: 9956: 9950: 9949: 9943: 9935: 9899: 9893: 9892: 9882: 9850: 9844: 9843: 9815: 9806: 9805: 9785: 9779: 9768: 9762: 9751: 9745: 9744: 9716: 9710: 9709: 9673: 9667: 9666: 9656: 9624: 9618: 9617: 9587: 9581: 9580: 9552: 9546: 9532: 9526: 9525: 9492:(6): 1145–1177. 9479: 9473: 9472: 9462: 9452: 9426: 9420: 9419: 9383: 9377: 9376: 9374: 9373: 9353: 9347: 9346: 9344: 9342: 9337:on 15 April 2015 9336: 9330:. Archived from 9315: 9304: 9293: 9292: 9260: 9254: 9253: 9251: 9250: 9209:(8): 1281–1287. 9194: 9188: 9187: 9177: 9143: 9137: 9136: 9134: 9132: 9123:. Elsevier B.V. 9121:Elsevier Connect 9112: 9106: 9105: 9097: 9091: 9090: 9070: 9055: 9054: 9052: 9037: 9026:10.1037/a0027489 9009: 9000: 8994: 8993: 8983: 8949: 8940: 8939: 8893: 8884: 8883: 8873: 8841: 8835: 8834: 8796: 8790: 8789: 8787: 8786: 8744: 8738: 8737: 8701: 8695: 8692: 8683: 8682: 8672: 8648: 8635: 8634: 8632: 8593: 8587:Blair R (1995). 8584: 8578: 8577: 8567: 8550:(2–3): 107–128. 8535: 8526: 8522: 8516: 8515: 8505: 8463: 8457: 8456: 8442: 8436: 8435: 8430:(2nd ed.). 8423: 8417: 8416: 8414: 8412: 8406: 8378:Deviant Behavior 8375: 8366: 8360: 8359: 8357: 8324: 8315: 8304: 8303: 8293: 8267: 8258: 8257: 8247: 8218:Blair R (2008). 8215: 8206: 8205: 8203: 8201: 8182: 8173: 8172: 8166: 8158: 8148: 8116: 8110: 8109: 8107: 8105: 8099: 8084: 8076: 8070: 8069: 8041: 8035: 8032: 8026: 8025: 8015: 7973: 7967: 7966: 7964: 7963: 7944: 7935: 7934: 7924: 7882: 7876: 7875: 7839: 7833: 7832: 7830: 7829: 7771: 7765: 7764: 7762: 7760: 7740: 7734: 7733: 7731: 7729: 7709: 7703: 7702: 7672: 7663: 7662: 7640: 7634: 7633: 7611: 7605: 7604: 7568: 7562: 7561: 7533: 7527: 7526: 7508: 7502: 7501: 7499: 7498: 7471:10.1037/a0030391 7450: 7444: 7443: 7441: 7440: 7384: 7378: 7377: 7341: 7335: 7334: 7304: 7298: 7297: 7275: 7266: 7265: 7263: 7261: 7221: 7215: 7214: 7212: 7210: 7190: 7184: 7183: 7173: 7163: 7125: 7119: 7118: 7113:. Archived from 7102: 7096: 7095: 7061: 7055: 7054: 7043:10.1037/a0020473 7036: 7010: 7004: 7003: 6997: 6996: 6962: 6956: 6955: 6949: 6948: 6910: 6904: 6903: 6892:10.1002/ab.20185 6869: 6863: 6862: 6828: 6819: 6818: 6808: 6772: 6763: 6762: 6760: 6758: 6704: 6698: 6697: 6695: 6694: 6674: 6668: 6667: 6665: 6632: 6623: 6610: 6609: 6559: 6553: 6552: 6550: 6548: 6502: 6491: 6490: 6468: 6462: 6461: 6459: 6458: 6446:Business Insider 6437: 6428: 6427: 6425: 6424: 6405: 6396: 6395: 6393: 6392: 6371: 6362: 6361: 6359: 6357: 6342:research.unt.edu 6333: 6324: 6323: 6313: 6289: 6280: 6279: 6277: 6275: 6256: 6247: 6246: 6244: 6242: 6200: 6191: 6177: 6168: 6161: 6152: 6151: 6113: 6102: 6101: 6099: 6097: 6082: 6076: 6075: 6065: 6055: 6023: 6017: 6016: 5988: 5982: 5981: 5966:Medicine and Law 5961: 5955: 5954: 5918: 5912: 5911: 5890: 5884: 5883: 5865: 5859: 5856: 5850: 5847: 5841: 5837: 5831: 5827: 5821: 5820: 5818: 5817: 5769: 5763: 5759: 5753: 5749: 5743: 5739: 5733: 5732: 5696: 5690: 5689: 5669: 5663: 5662: 5640: 5634: 5633: 5627: 5626: 5594: 5588: 5587: 5581: 5580: 5548: 5542: 5541: 5535: 5534: 5502: 5496: 5495: 5461: 5455: 5454: 5429: 5420: 5419: 5397: 5391: 5390: 5368: 5362: 5361: 5327: 5321: 5320: 5318: 5317: 5311: 5266: 5257: 5251: 5250: 5248: 5247: 5241: 5190: 5184: 5183: 5149: 5143: 5142: 5112: 5106: 5105: 5077: 5071: 5070: 5044: 5035: 5029: 5028: 5027: 5026: 4993: 4987: 4986: 4967:10.1037/a0027152 4946: 4940: 4937: 4926: 4925: 4920:. New York, NY: 4916:Hare RD (1993). 4913: 4904: 4903: 4897: 4896: 4866: 4860: 4859: 4831: 4825: 4812: 4806: 4800: 4794: 4793: 4771: 4765: 4764: 4762: 4761: 4740: 4734: 4733: 4728:Hare RD (2003). 4725: 4716: 4715: 4694: 4688: 4687: 4677: 4643: 4637: 4636: 4606: 4600: 4599: 4563: 4557: 4556: 4537:. p. 2744. 4526: 4517: 4516: 4488: 4482: 4481: 4463: 4457: 4456: 4454: 4446: 4440: 4439: 4407: 4401: 4400: 4394: 4385: 4379: 4378: 4346: 4340: 4339: 4337: 4329: 4323: 4322: 4320: 4319: 4305: 4299: 4298: 4297: 4296: 4273: 4267: 4254: 4248: 4235: 4229: 4216: 4207: 4194: 4188: 4187: 4182:. Archived from 4172: 4166: 4165: 4147: 4138: 4137: 4119: 4113: 4112: 4110: 4108: 4093: 4087: 4086: 4081:. Archived from 4071: 4065: 4064: 4054: 4025:Burgy M (2008). 4022: 4016: 4002: 3993: 3968: 3959: 3958: 3956: 3954: 3945:. Archived from 3935: 3926: 3925: 3923: 3921: 3912:. Archived from 3902: 3893: 3892: 3890: 3888: 3879:. Archived from 3869: 3863: 3862: 3860: 3858: 3849:. Archived from 3839: 3830: 3829: 3798: 3792: 3791: 3757: 3748: 3747: 3745: 3743: 3724: 3715: 3714: 3708: 3706: 3674: 3663: 3662: 3660: 3659: 3610: 3604: 3603: 3578: 3572: 3571: 3549: 3534: 3533: 3511: 3500: 3499: 3449: 3344: 3343: 3306: 3300: 3299: 3259: 3253: 3252: 3220: 3214: 3213: 3200:Prometheus Books 3191: 3185: 3184: 3161: 3148: 3147: 3105: 3086: 3085: 3075: 3057: 3033: 3027: 3026: 3008: 2976: 2970: 2969: 2967: 2965: 2945: 2939: 2938: 2936: 2935: 2921: 2895:Moral psychology 2682:In the workplace 2548:criminal justice 2523:mood-stabilizing 2426:factor structure 2409:conduct problems 2377:conduct disorder 2246:mental disorders 2206:real-world usage 2073:startle response 2014:cingulate cortex 1949:skin conductance 1822: 1815: 1811: 1808: 1802: 1779: 1778: 1771: 1758:Childhood trauma 1733:, including the 1544:may also impair 1484:Conduct disorder 1478:Conduct disorder 1375:Sexual offending 1369:need for control 1208:Primary features 1202:conduct disorder 1079:Machiavellianism 901: 860:Walter C. Langer 785: 732:Ancient writings 561: 502: 501: 492: 491: 441:criminal justice 157: 156: 153: 152: 149: 146: 143: 140: 137: 134: 131: 128: 107: 106: 21: 15058: 15057: 15053: 15052: 15051: 15049: 15048: 15047: 15003: 15002: 15001: 14996: 14972:Rationalization 14907:Destabilisation 14860: 14824:Religious abuse 14659: 14654: 14624: 14619: 14593: 14559:Macdonald triad 14517: 14446:Characteristics 14441: 14420: 14415: 14385: 14376: 14281: 14262: 14241: 14229: 14114: 14110:Zinoviev letter 14060: 14034: 14018: 13942:Post-Soviet era 13936: 13897:Active Measures 13880: 13871: 13840: 13828: 13816: 13804: 13792: 13761: 13735: 13723: 13663: 13661:Jihadunspun.com 13647: 13628: 13553: 13529:New World Order 13497:Genocide denial 13468: 13453: 13402: 13387: 13309:Memetic warfare 13099: 13088: 13079: 13009: 12995:Wayback Machine 12951: 12946: 12945: 12922: 12921: 12907: 12902: 12896: 12843:Oakley, Barbara 12836: 12811: 12766: 12714: 12689: 12684: 12683: 12674: 12672: 12659: 12658: 12654: 12641: 12637: 12614:10.1002/bsl.925 12596: 12592: 12587: 12583: 12577: 12573: 12562: 12558: 12545: 12541: 12524: 12520: 12489: 12482: 12473: 12471: 12467: 12434: 12428: 12424: 12415: 12413: 12386: 12382: 12356: 12352: 12343: 12341: 12337: 12330: 12324: 12317: 12304: 12302: 12295: 12275: 12271: 12265:Wayback Machine 12255: 12251: 12212:(9): CD007667. 12198: 12194: 12149: 12145: 12135: 12133: 12112: 12108: 12098: 12096: 12089: 12073: 12069: 12059: 12057: 12042: 12038: 12029: 12027: 12010: 12006: 11989: 11985: 11975: 11973: 11956: 11952: 11942: 11940: 11927: 11926: 11922: 11912: 11910: 11869: 11865: 11858: 11840: 11833: 11823: 11821: 11806: 11802: 11755: 11742: 11733: 11731: 11727: 11680: 11674: 11670: 11615: 11611: 11580: 11576: 11541: 11537: 11492: 11488: 11431: 11427: 11418: 11416: 11373: 11369: 11336: 11332: 11325: 11311: 11304: 11271: 11267: 11254: 11252: 11245: 11219: 11215: 11184: 11177: 11145: 11141: 11130: 11120:Wiley-Blackwell 11110: 11099: 11044: 11040: 11031: 11029: 11016: 11015: 11011: 11002: 11000: 10987: 10986: 10982: 10929: 10925: 10916: 10914: 10901: 10900: 10896: 10884: 10882: 10873: 10872: 10868: 10864: 10824: 10820: 10805: 10801: 10795:Wayback Machine 10782: 10778: 10739: 10735: 10716: 10712: 10667: 10658: 10652:Wayback Machine 10643: 10639: 10633:Wayback Machine 10624: 10620: 10611: 10609: 10592: 10591: 10587: 10578: 10576: 10559: 10558: 10554: 10545: 10543: 10528: 10524: 10479: 10475: 10452: 10448: 10423:10.1038/nn.2510 10401: 10397: 10344: 10340: 10330: 10328: 10283: 10279: 10230: 10226: 10173: 10169: 10122: 10118: 10084: 10080: 10033: 10029: 10005:10.1.1.326.8003 9986: 9982: 9975: 9957: 9953: 9937: 9936: 9900: 9896: 9851: 9847: 9816: 9809: 9786: 9782: 9769: 9765: 9752: 9748: 9717: 9713: 9674: 9670: 9625: 9621: 9606:10.1002/bsl.802 9588: 9584: 9553: 9549: 9543:Wayback Machine 9533: 9529: 9480: 9476: 9427: 9423: 9384: 9380: 9371: 9369: 9354: 9350: 9340: 9338: 9334: 9328: 9313: 9305: 9296: 9261: 9257: 9248: 9246: 9195: 9191: 9144: 9140: 9130: 9128: 9113: 9109: 9098: 9094: 9071: 9058: 9050: 9007: 9001: 8997: 8950: 8943: 8894: 8887: 8842: 8838: 8797: 8793: 8784: 8782: 8745: 8741: 8702: 8698: 8693: 8686: 8649: 8638: 8630: 8591: 8585: 8581: 8536: 8529: 8523: 8519: 8464: 8460: 8443: 8439: 8424: 8420: 8410: 8408: 8404: 8373: 8367: 8363: 8355: 8322: 8316: 8307: 8268: 8261: 8216: 8209: 8199: 8197: 8196:on July 8, 2013 8184: 8183: 8176: 8160: 8159: 8117: 8113: 8103: 8101: 8097: 8082: 8078: 8077: 8073: 8066: 8042: 8038: 8033: 8029: 7974: 7970: 7961: 7959: 7946: 7945: 7938: 7883: 7879: 7840: 7836: 7827: 7825: 7772: 7768: 7758: 7756: 7741: 7737: 7727: 7725: 7710: 7706: 7691:10.1002/bsl.924 7673: 7666: 7659: 7641: 7637: 7630: 7622:. p. 177. 7612: 7608: 7569: 7565: 7550:10.1002/bsl.918 7534: 7530: 7523: 7509: 7505: 7496: 7494: 7451: 7447: 7438: 7436: 7385: 7381: 7342: 7338: 7305: 7301: 7276: 7269: 7259: 7257: 7222: 7218: 7208: 7206: 7195:"Serial Murder" 7191: 7187: 7126: 7122: 7103: 7099: 7062: 7058: 7034:10.1.1.404.4396 7011: 7007: 6994: 6992: 6985: 6963: 6959: 6946: 6944: 6937: 6911: 6907: 6870: 6866: 6829: 6822: 6773: 6766: 6756: 6754: 6705: 6701: 6692: 6690: 6675: 6671: 6663: 6630: 6624: 6613: 6560: 6556: 6546: 6544: 6503: 6494: 6487: 6469: 6465: 6456: 6454: 6439: 6438: 6431: 6422: 6420: 6407: 6406: 6399: 6390: 6388: 6380:The Independent 6373: 6372: 6365: 6355: 6353: 6334: 6327: 6290: 6283: 6273: 6271: 6264:Psychopath Test 6258: 6257: 6250: 6240: 6238: 6223:10.2307/3478417 6201: 6194: 6188:Wayback Machine 6178: 6171: 6162: 6155: 6114: 6105: 6095: 6093: 6083: 6079: 6024: 6020: 5989: 5985: 5962: 5958: 5919: 5915: 5891: 5887: 5880: 5866: 5862: 5857: 5853: 5848: 5844: 5838: 5834: 5828: 5824: 5815: 5813: 5770: 5766: 5760: 5756: 5750: 5746: 5740: 5736: 5697: 5693: 5670: 5666: 5659: 5641: 5637: 5624: 5622: 5615: 5607:. p. 100. 5595: 5591: 5578: 5576: 5569: 5561:. p. 154. 5549: 5545: 5532: 5530: 5523: 5503: 5499: 5462: 5458: 5451: 5430: 5423: 5416: 5408:. p. 390. 5398: 5394: 5387: 5369: 5365: 5328: 5324: 5315: 5313: 5309: 5264: 5258: 5254: 5245: 5243: 5239: 5191: 5187: 5150: 5146: 5113: 5109: 5102: 5078: 5074: 5042: 5036: 5032: 5024: 5022: 5020: 4994: 4990: 4947: 4943: 4938: 4929: 4914: 4907: 4894: 4892: 4885: 4867: 4863: 4856: 4832: 4828: 4822:Wayback Machine 4813: 4809: 4801: 4797: 4790: 4782:. p. 117. 4772: 4768: 4759: 4757: 4749:The Independent 4742: 4741: 4737: 4726: 4719: 4696: 4695: 4691: 4644: 4640: 4607: 4603: 4564: 4560: 4545: 4527: 4520: 4489: 4485: 4478: 4466:Hare R (2006). 4464: 4460: 4452: 4448: 4447: 4443: 4408: 4404: 4392: 4386: 4382: 4347: 4343: 4335: 4331: 4330: 4326: 4317: 4315: 4307: 4306: 4302: 4294: 4292: 4274: 4270: 4264:Wayback Machine 4255: 4251: 4245:Wayback Machine 4236: 4232: 4226:Wayback Machine 4217: 4210: 4204:Wayback Machine 4195: 4191: 4174: 4173: 4169: 4162: 4148: 4141: 4134: 4120: 4116: 4106: 4104: 4095: 4094: 4090: 4073: 4072: 4068: 4023: 4019: 4013:Wayback Machine 4003: 3996: 3990:Wayback Machine 3979:Wayback Machine 3969: 3962: 3952: 3950: 3937: 3936: 3929: 3919: 3917: 3904: 3903: 3896: 3886: 3884: 3871: 3870: 3866: 3856: 3854: 3841: 3840: 3833: 3826: 3799: 3795: 3758: 3751: 3741: 3739: 3726: 3725: 3718: 3704: 3702: 3695: 3675: 3666: 3657: 3655: 3611: 3607: 3579: 3575: 3568: 3550: 3537: 3530: 3512: 3503: 3468:SAGE Publishing 3450: 3347: 3307: 3303: 3260: 3256: 3221: 3217: 3210: 3192: 3188: 3181: 3162: 3151: 3106: 3089: 3034: 3030: 2977: 2973: 2963: 2961: 2946: 2942: 2933: 2931: 2923: 2922: 2918: 2913: 2886: 2832:, the deranged 2794:Roman mythology 2766: 2760: 2725:, reduction in 2690: 2684: 2679: 2671:Bond University 2662: 2645: 2628: 2623: 2572: 2557:The interrater 2544: 2471: 2466: 2421: 2419:Sex differences 2315: 2287: 2242: 2229: 2220: 2214: 2186: 2180: 2175: 2170: 2136:metabolite) to 2083:High levels of 2081: 1965: 1933: 1927: 1922: 1880: 1874: 1869: 1864: 1863: 1823: 1812: 1806: 1803: 1795:help improve it 1792: 1780: 1776: 1768: 1760: 1719: 1694: 1678: 1666: 1643: 1590: 1525: 1520: 1486: 1480: 1467: 1427:organized crime 1423: 1417: 1415:Other offending 1385:child molesters 1377: 1337:risk assessment 1299: 1266: 1261: 1248: 1219: 1210: 1189: 1170:neuroscientist 1104: 1031: 995: 987:adaptive traits 983:impulse control 943:self-confidence 911:Hervey Cleckley 903: 895: 886: 881: 822:David Henderson 807:Hervey Cleckley 803: 749:around 300 BC. 729: 691:Snakes in Suits 633: 537:mental disorder 532:psychopathology 511:, and the noun 473: 468: 462: 161: 125: 121: 105: 100: 93: 79: 68:Psychopathology 60: 55: 54: 53: 52: 51: 50: 34: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 15056: 15046: 15045: 15040: 15035: 15030: 15025: 15020: 15015: 14998: 14997: 14995: 14994: 14989: 14984: 14982:Victim blaming 14979: 14974: 14969: 14964: 14959: 14954: 14949: 14944: 14939: 14934: 14929: 14924: 14919: 14914: 14912:Discrimination 14909: 14904: 14899: 14897:Dehumanization 14894: 14889: 14887:Child grooming 14884: 14879: 14877:Abuse of power 14874: 14868: 14866: 14865:Related topics 14862: 14861: 14859: 14858: 14851: 14846: 14841: 14836: 14831: 14826: 14821: 14816: 14811: 14806: 14804:Physical abuse 14801: 14796: 14791: 14786: 14781: 14776: 14771: 14766: 14761: 14756: 14751: 14750: 14749: 14744: 14734: 14732:Domestic abuse 14729: 14728: 14727: 14725:military draft 14717: 14712: 14711: 14710: 14705: 14700: 14695: 14685: 14680: 14675: 14669: 14667: 14661: 14660: 14653: 14652: 14645: 14638: 14630: 14621: 14620: 14618: 14617: 14615:Robert D. Hare 14612: 14607: 14601: 14599: 14595: 14594: 14592: 14591: 14586: 14581: 14576: 14571: 14566: 14561: 14556: 14551: 14546: 14541: 14536: 14531: 14525: 14523: 14522:Related topics 14519: 14518: 14516: 14515: 14510: 14508:Shallow affect 14505: 14500: 14495: 14490: 14485: 14480: 14475: 14470: 14465: 14460: 14455: 14449: 14447: 14443: 14442: 14440: 14439: 14434: 14428: 14426: 14422: 14421: 14414: 14413: 14406: 14399: 14391: 14382: 14381: 14378: 14377: 14375: 14374: 14369: 14364: 14359: 14354: 14349: 14344: 14339: 14334: 14329: 14324: 14319: 14314: 14309: 14304: 14299: 14298: 14297: 14286: 14283: 14282: 14272: 14271: 14268: 14267: 14264: 14263: 14261: 14260: 14255: 14249: 14247: 14243: 14242: 14237: 14235: 14231: 14230: 14228: 14227: 14222: 14217: 14212: 14207: 14202: 14197: 14192: 14190:Habbush letter 14187: 14182: 14177: 14176: 14175: 14165: 14160: 14159: 14158: 14153: 14148: 14143: 14133: 14128: 14122: 14120: 14116: 14115: 14113: 14112: 14107: 14102: 14097: 14089: 14084: 14079: 14074: 14072:Bell Pottinger 14068: 14066: 14065:United Kingdom 14062: 14061: 14059: 14058: 14053: 14048: 14042: 14040: 14036: 14035: 14030: 14028: 14024: 14023: 14020: 14019: 14017: 14016: 14011: 14006: 14001: 13996: 13995: 13994: 13989: 13984: 13976: 13975: 13974: 13964: 13963: 13962: 13957: 13946: 13944: 13938: 13937: 13935: 13934: 13929: 13924: 13919: 13914: 13909: 13904: 13899: 13893: 13891: 13882: 13873: 13872: 13870: 13869: 13864: 13859: 13848: 13846: 13842: 13841: 13836: 13834: 13830: 13829: 13824: 13822: 13818: 13817: 13812: 13810: 13806: 13805: 13800: 13798: 13794: 13793: 13791: 13790: 13785: 13780: 13775: 13769: 13767: 13763: 13762: 13760: 13759: 13754: 13749: 13743: 13741: 13737: 13736: 13731: 13729: 13728:Czechoslovakia 13725: 13724: 13722: 13721: 13714: 13709: 13708: 13707: 13702: 13700:PLA Unit 61398 13697: 13692: 13687: 13682: 13671: 13669: 13665: 13664: 13659: 13657: 13649: 13648: 13638: 13637: 13634: 13633: 13630: 13629: 13627: 13626: 13621: 13620: 13619: 13614: 13609: 13599: 13594: 13589: 13584: 13579: 13578: 13577: 13575:by governments 13567: 13561: 13559: 13552: 13551: 13546: 13541: 13536: 13531: 13526: 13521: 13516: 13511: 13506: 13505: 13504: 13494: 13489: 13484: 13479: 13473: 13470: 13469: 13459: 13458: 13455: 13454: 13452: 13451: 13444: 13437: 13430: 13423: 13416: 13412:Disinformation 13407: 13404: 13403: 13393: 13392: 13389: 13388: 13386: 13385: 13380: 13375: 13370: 13365: 13360: 13355: 13350: 13345: 13340: 13339: 13338: 13333: 13328: 13318: 13317: 13316: 13311: 13301: 13296: 13291: 13286: 13281: 13276: 13271: 13266: 13261: 13256: 13251: 13246: 13241: 13236: 13231: 13226: 13221: 13216: 13215: 13214: 13204: 13203: 13202: 13197: 13192: 13182: 13177: 13172: 13167: 13162: 13157: 13152: 13142: 13141: 13140: 13133:Cognitive bias 13130: 13125: 13123:Cherry picking 13120: 13115: 13110: 13104: 13101: 13100: 13090: 13089: 13086:misinformation 13082:Disinformation 13078: 13077: 13070: 13063: 13055: 13049: 13048: 13039: 13038:, October 2012 13026: 13007: 12998: 12985: 12980: 12975: 12970: 12964: 12958: 12948: 12947: 12944: 12943: 12931: 12930: 12928: 12924: 12923: 12917: 12916: 12914: 12913:Classification 12906: 12905:External links 12903: 12901: 12900: 12894: 12881: 12874: 12871: 12860: 12840: 12834: 12818: 12815: 12809: 12801:Guilford Press 12787: 12770: 12764: 12749: 12735: 12733:978-1904684718 12721: 12712: 12690: 12688: 12685: 12682: 12681: 12652: 12635: 12590: 12581: 12571: 12556: 12539: 12518: 12480: 12422: 12380: 12369:(5): 592–603. 12350: 12315: 12293: 12269: 12249: 12192: 12163:(5): 391–402. 12143: 12106: 12087: 12067: 12036: 12004: 11983: 11965:The New Yorker 11950: 11920: 11889:(2): 153–160. 11863: 11856: 11848:Guilford Press 11831: 11800: 11765:(3): 155–174. 11740: 11685:Der Nervenarzt 11668: 11609: 11590:(7): 656–664. 11574: 11535: 11486: 11425: 11367: 11330: 11323: 11302: 11265: 11243: 11213: 11175: 11139: 11128: 11097: 11038: 11009: 10980: 10943:(2): 350–362. 10923: 10894: 10862: 10818: 10799: 10776: 10733: 10710: 10681:(4): 355–397. 10656: 10637: 10618: 10602:NZ Herald News 10585: 10552: 10522: 10473: 10446: 10395: 10358:(6): 752–761. 10338: 10277: 10242:(2): 216–222. 10224: 10187:(6): 329–337. 10167: 10116: 10078: 10049:(3): 612–620. 10027: 9980: 9973: 9951: 9910:(4): 1151–71. 9894: 9845: 9807: 9780: 9763: 9746: 9727:(10): 856–65. 9711: 9668: 9619: 9582: 9563:(5): 599–606. 9547: 9527: 9474: 9421: 9378: 9348: 9326: 9320:. p. 29. 9294: 9255: 9189: 9138: 9107: 9092: 9081:(5): 371–380. 9056: 8995: 8941: 8885: 8836: 8791: 8761:(4): 682–686. 8739: 8712:(6): 499–511. 8696: 8684: 8636: 8579: 8527: 8517: 8480:(9): 986–994. 8458: 8437: 8432:Guilford Press 8418: 8384:(5): 619–627. 8361: 8305: 8259: 8207: 8174: 8131:(3): 276–284. 8111: 8071: 8064: 8036: 8027: 7968: 7954:. 2017-01-21. 7936: 7899:(9): 903–910. 7877: 7834: 7788:(5): 607–621. 7766: 7735: 7704: 7685:(2): 194–210. 7664: 7657: 7651:. p. 49. 7635: 7628: 7606: 7579:(2): 141–144. 7563: 7544:(1): 106–119. 7528: 7521: 7503: 7465:(1): 233–243. 7445: 7379: 7336: 7299: 7267: 7236:(1): 109–118. 7216: 7185: 7120: 7097: 7076:Pergamon Press 7056: 7005: 6983: 6975:Guilford Press 6957: 6935: 6905: 6864: 6820: 6764: 6699: 6669: 6611: 6554: 6492: 6485: 6477:Guilford Press 6463: 6429: 6397: 6383:. 2016-09-13. 6363: 6325: 6304:(2): 159–164. 6281: 6248: 6192: 6169: 6153: 6103: 6077: 6018: 5999:(3): 297–311. 5983: 5956: 5913: 5902:(4): 408–429. 5885: 5878: 5860: 5851: 5842: 5832: 5822: 5764: 5754: 5744: 5734: 5707:(11): 2201–9. 5691: 5680:(7): 734–739. 5664: 5657: 5649:Guilford Press 5635: 5613: 5605:Guilford Press 5589: 5567: 5543: 5521: 5515:. p. 99. 5497: 5456: 5449: 5421: 5414: 5392: 5385: 5377:Guilford Press 5363: 5322: 5252: 5185: 5144: 5107: 5100: 5072: 5053:(4): 298–303. 5030: 5018: 4988: 4941: 4927: 4922:Guilford Press 4905: 4883: 4861: 4854: 4826: 4807: 4795: 4788: 4766: 4752:. 2018-02-12. 4735: 4717: 4714:on 2012-02-11. 4689: 4638: 4601: 4574:(37): 111–26. 4558: 4543: 4518: 4483: 4476: 4458: 4441: 4422:(3): 229–239. 4402: 4380: 4341: 4324: 4313:Psychopathy Is 4300: 4268: 4249: 4230: 4208: 4189: 4180:etymonline.com 4167: 4160: 4139: 4132: 4114: 4088: 4079:etymonline.com 4066: 4037:(6): 1200–10. 4017: 3994: 3960: 3939:"Pathological" 3927: 3894: 3873:"Psychopathic" 3864: 3831: 3824: 3812:Guilford Press 3793: 3749: 3716: 3693: 3664: 3605: 3573: 3566: 3558:Guilford Press 3535: 3528: 3501: 3345: 3301: 3274:(5): 675–697. 3254: 3235:(5): 634–646. 3215: 3208: 3186: 3179: 3149: 3087: 3028: 2991:(5): 550–561. 2971: 2940: 2915: 2914: 2912: 2909: 2908: 2907: 2902: 2897: 2892: 2885: 2882: 2762:Main article: 2759: 2756: 2719:staff turnover 2699:Robert Maxwell 2686:Main article: 2683: 2680: 2678: 2675: 2661: 2658: 2644: 2641: 2627: 2624: 2622: 2619: 2576:United Kingdom 2571: 2570:United Kingdom 2568: 2543: 2540: 2519:antidepressant 2470: 2467: 2465: 2462: 2420: 2417: 2314: 2311: 2286: 2283: 2258:(WHO) and the 2241: 2238: 2228: 2225: 2216:Main article: 2213: 2210: 2194:Robert D. Hare 2182:Main article: 2179: 2176: 2174: 2171: 2169: 2166: 2109:serotoninergic 2080: 2077: 1964: 1961: 1926: 1923: 1921: 1918: 1873: 1870: 1868: 1867:Other theories 1865: 1855:physical abuse 1825: 1824: 1783: 1781: 1774: 1769: 1761: 1759: 1756: 1718: 1715: 1693: 1690: 1677: 1674: 1665: 1662: 1642: 1641:Moral judgment 1639: 1589: 1586: 1582:selection bias 1524: 1521: 1519: 1516: 1482:Main article: 1479: 1476: 1466: 1463: 1431:economic crime 1416: 1413: 1376: 1373: 1353:serial killers 1298: 1295: 1265: 1262: 1260: 1257: 1247: 1244: 1243: 1242: 1236: 1230: 1218: 1215: 1209: 1206: 1188: 1185: 1103: 1100: 1095:Delroy Paulhus 1064:psychoanalytic 1030: 1027: 994: 991: 975: 974: 966: 954: 898:Robert D. Hare 887: 885: 882: 880: 877: 855:, non-medical 802: 799: 762:moral insanity 728: 725: 632: 629: 589:hallucinations 566:from the U.S. 472: 469: 464:Main article: 461: 458: 422:Robert D. Hare 380:, an American 324: 323: 320: 314: 313: 310: 304: 303: 296: 292: 291: 288: 284: 283: 254: 248: 247: 244:Family history 241: 235: 234: 231: 227: 226: 189: 183: 182: 169: 163: 162: 160: 159: 118: 116: 112: 111: 103: 58: 36: 30: 27: 25: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 15055: 15044: 15041: 15039: 15036: 15034: 15031: 15029: 15026: 15024: 15021: 15019: 15016: 15014: 15011: 15010: 15008: 14993: 14990: 14988: 14987:Victimisation 14985: 14983: 14980: 14978: 14975: 14973: 14970: 14968: 14965: 14963: 14960: 14958: 14955: 14953: 14950: 14948: 14945: 14943: 14940: 14938: 14935: 14933: 14930: 14928: 14925: 14923: 14920: 14918: 14915: 14913: 14910: 14908: 14905: 14903: 14900: 14898: 14895: 14893: 14890: 14888: 14885: 14883: 14880: 14878: 14875: 14873: 14870: 14869: 14867: 14863: 14857: 14856: 14852: 14850: 14847: 14845: 14842: 14840: 14837: 14835: 14832: 14830: 14827: 14825: 14822: 14820: 14817: 14815: 14812: 14810: 14807: 14805: 14802: 14800: 14797: 14795: 14792: 14790: 14787: 14785: 14782: 14780: 14777: 14775: 14772: 14770: 14767: 14765: 14762: 14760: 14757: 14755: 14752: 14748: 14745: 14743: 14740: 14739: 14738: 14735: 14733: 14730: 14726: 14723: 14722: 14721: 14718: 14716: 14713: 14709: 14706: 14704: 14701: 14699: 14696: 14694: 14691: 14690: 14689: 14686: 14684: 14681: 14679: 14676: 14674: 14671: 14670: 14668: 14666: 14662: 14658: 14651: 14646: 14644: 14639: 14637: 14632: 14631: 14628: 14616: 14613: 14611: 14608: 14606: 14603: 14602: 14600: 14596: 14590: 14587: 14585: 14582: 14580: 14577: 14575: 14572: 14570: 14567: 14565: 14562: 14560: 14557: 14555: 14552: 14550: 14547: 14545: 14542: 14540: 14537: 14535: 14532: 14530: 14527: 14526: 14524: 14520: 14514: 14511: 14509: 14506: 14504: 14501: 14499: 14496: 14494: 14491: 14489: 14488:Lack of guilt 14486: 14484: 14481: 14479: 14476: 14474: 14471: 14469: 14466: 14464: 14461: 14459: 14456: 14454: 14451: 14450: 14448: 14444: 14438: 14435: 14433: 14430: 14429: 14427: 14423: 14419: 14412: 14407: 14405: 14400: 14398: 14393: 14392: 14389: 14373: 14370: 14368: 14365: 14363: 14360: 14358: 14355: 14353: 14350: 14348: 14345: 14343: 14340: 14338: 14335: 14333: 14332:FactCheck.org 14330: 14328: 14325: 14323: 14320: 14318: 14315: 14313: 14310: 14308: 14305: 14303: 14300: 14296: 14293: 14292: 14291: 14290:Fact-checking 14288: 14287: 14284: 14277: 14273: 14259: 14256: 14254: 14251: 14250: 14248: 14244: 14240: 14236: 14232: 14226: 14223: 14221: 14218: 14216: 14213: 14211: 14208: 14206: 14203: 14201: 14198: 14196: 14193: 14191: 14188: 14186: 14183: 14181: 14178: 14174: 14171: 14170: 14169: 14166: 14164: 14161: 14157: 14154: 14152: 14149: 14147: 14144: 14142: 14139: 14138: 14137: 14134: 14132: 14129: 14127: 14124: 14123: 14121: 14119:United States 14117: 14111: 14108: 14106: 14103: 14101: 14098: 14096: 14094: 14090: 14088: 14085: 14083: 14080: 14078: 14075: 14073: 14070: 14069: 14067: 14063: 14057: 14054: 14052: 14049: 14047: 14044: 14043: 14041: 14037: 14033: 14029: 14025: 14015: 14012: 14010: 14007: 14005: 14002: 14000: 13997: 13993: 13990: 13988: 13985: 13983: 13980: 13979: 13977: 13973: 13970: 13969: 13968: 13965: 13961: 13958: 13956: 13953: 13952: 13951: 13948: 13947: 13945: 13943: 13939: 13933: 13930: 13928: 13925: 13923: 13920: 13918: 13915: 13913: 13910: 13908: 13905: 13903: 13900: 13898: 13895: 13894: 13892: 13890: 13886: 13883: 13878: 13874: 13868: 13865: 13863: 13860: 13857: 13853: 13850: 13849: 13847: 13843: 13839: 13835: 13831: 13827: 13823: 13819: 13815: 13811: 13807: 13803: 13799: 13795: 13789: 13786: 13784: 13781: 13779: 13776: 13774: 13771: 13770: 13768: 13764: 13758: 13755: 13753: 13750: 13748: 13745: 13744: 13742: 13738: 13734: 13730: 13726: 13720: 13719: 13715: 13713: 13710: 13706: 13703: 13701: 13698: 13696: 13693: 13691: 13688: 13686: 13683: 13681: 13680:50 Cent Party 13678: 13677: 13676: 13673: 13672: 13670: 13666: 13662: 13658: 13654: 13650: 13643: 13639: 13625: 13622: 13618: 13615: 13613: 13610: 13608: 13605: 13604: 13603: 13600: 13598: 13595: 13593: 13590: 13588: 13585: 13583: 13580: 13576: 13573: 13572: 13571: 13568: 13566: 13563: 13562: 13560: 13556: 13550: 13547: 13545: 13542: 13540: 13537: 13535: 13532: 13530: 13527: 13525: 13522: 13520: 13517: 13515: 13512: 13510: 13507: 13503: 13500: 13499: 13498: 13495: 13493: 13490: 13488: 13485: 13483: 13480: 13478: 13475: 13474: 13471: 13464: 13460: 13450: 13449: 13445: 13443: 13442: 13438: 13436: 13435: 13431: 13429: 13428: 13424: 13422: 13421: 13417: 13415: 13413: 13409: 13408: 13405: 13398: 13394: 13384: 13381: 13379: 13376: 13374: 13371: 13369: 13366: 13364: 13361: 13359: 13356: 13354: 13351: 13349: 13346: 13344: 13341: 13337: 13334: 13332: 13329: 13327: 13324: 13323: 13322: 13319: 13315: 13312: 13310: 13307: 13306: 13305: 13302: 13300: 13297: 13295: 13292: 13290: 13287: 13285: 13284:Media culture 13282: 13280: 13277: 13275: 13272: 13270: 13267: 13265: 13262: 13260: 13257: 13255: 13252: 13250: 13247: 13245: 13242: 13240: 13237: 13235: 13232: 13230: 13227: 13225: 13224:False dilemma 13222: 13220: 13217: 13213: 13210: 13209: 13208: 13205: 13201: 13198: 13196: 13193: 13191: 13188: 13187: 13186: 13183: 13181: 13178: 13176: 13173: 13171: 13168: 13166: 13163: 13161: 13158: 13156: 13153: 13150: 13146: 13143: 13139: 13136: 13135: 13134: 13131: 13129: 13126: 13124: 13121: 13119: 13116: 13114: 13111: 13109: 13106: 13105: 13102: 13095: 13091: 13087: 13083: 13076: 13071: 13069: 13064: 13062: 13057: 13056: 13053: 13047: 13043: 13040: 13037: 13036: 13032: 13031: 13027: 13024: 13020: 13016: 13012: 13008: 13005: 13002: 12999: 12996: 12992: 12989: 12986: 12984: 12981: 12979: 12976: 12974: 12971: 12968: 12965: 12962: 12959: 12956: 12953: 12952: 12942: 12938: 12937: 12933: 12932: 12929: 12925: 12920: 12915: 12911: 12897: 12891: 12887: 12882: 12879: 12875: 12872: 12869: 12865: 12861: 12858: 12857:1-59102-665-2 12854: 12850: 12849: 12844: 12841: 12837: 12831: 12827: 12823: 12819: 12816: 12812: 12806: 12802: 12798: 12797: 12792: 12788: 12785: 12781: 12778: 12774: 12771: 12767: 12765:0-9621519-0-4 12761: 12757: 12756: 12750: 12748: 12744: 12740: 12736: 12734: 12730: 12726: 12722: 12719: 12715: 12709: 12705: 12704:HarperCollins 12700: 12699: 12692: 12691: 12670: 12666: 12662: 12656: 12647: 12639: 12631: 12627: 12623: 12619: 12615: 12611: 12608:(2): 174–93. 12607: 12603: 12602: 12594: 12585: 12575: 12567: 12560: 12552: 12551: 12543: 12535: 12531: 12530: 12522: 12514: 12510: 12506: 12502: 12498: 12494: 12487: 12485: 12466: 12462: 12458: 12454: 12450: 12446: 12442: 12441: 12433: 12426: 12411: 12407: 12403: 12399: 12395: 12391: 12384: 12376: 12372: 12368: 12364: 12360: 12354: 12340:on 2012-11-05 12336: 12329: 12322: 12320: 12311: 12300: 12296: 12290: 12286: 12282: 12281: 12273: 12266: 12262: 12259: 12253: 12245: 12241: 12236: 12231: 12227: 12223: 12219: 12215: 12211: 12207: 12203: 12196: 12188: 12184: 12179: 12174: 12170: 12166: 12162: 12158: 12157:CNS Spectrums 12154: 12147: 12131: 12127: 12123: 12122: 12117: 12110: 12094: 12090: 12084: 12080: 12079: 12071: 12055: 12051: 12047: 12040: 12025: 12021: 12020: 12015: 12008: 12001: 11997: 11993: 11987: 11971: 11967: 11966: 11961: 11954: 11938: 11934: 11930: 11924: 11908: 11904: 11900: 11896: 11892: 11888: 11884: 11883: 11878: 11874: 11867: 11859: 11853: 11849: 11845: 11838: 11836: 11819: 11815: 11811: 11804: 11796: 11792: 11788: 11784: 11780: 11776: 11772: 11768: 11764: 11760: 11753: 11751: 11749: 11747: 11745: 11726: 11722: 11718: 11714: 11710: 11706: 11702: 11698: 11694: 11690: 11686: 11679: 11672: 11664: 11660: 11655: 11650: 11646: 11642: 11637: 11632: 11628: 11624: 11620: 11613: 11605: 11601: 11597: 11593: 11589: 11585: 11578: 11571: 11565: 11560: 11556: 11552: 11551: 11546: 11539: 11531: 11527: 11522: 11517: 11513: 11509: 11505: 11501: 11497: 11490: 11482: 11478: 11473: 11468: 11463: 11458: 11454: 11450: 11446: 11442: 11441: 11436: 11429: 11414: 11410: 11406: 11402: 11398: 11394: 11390: 11386: 11382: 11378: 11371: 11363: 11359: 11355: 11351: 11347: 11343: 11342: 11334: 11326: 11320: 11316: 11309: 11307: 11298: 11294: 11290: 11286: 11282: 11278: 11277: 11269: 11261: 11250: 11246: 11240: 11236: 11232: 11228: 11224: 11217: 11209: 11205: 11201: 11197: 11194:(3): 233–48. 11193: 11189: 11182: 11180: 11171: 11167: 11163: 11159: 11155: 11152:(in French). 11151: 11143: 11135: 11131: 11125: 11121: 11117: 11116: 11108: 11106: 11104: 11102: 11093: 11089: 11084: 11079: 11075: 11071: 11066: 11061: 11057: 11053: 11049: 11042: 11027: 11023: 11019: 11013: 10998: 10994: 10990: 10984: 10976: 10972: 10967: 10962: 10958: 10954: 10950: 10946: 10942: 10938: 10934: 10927: 10912: 10908: 10904: 10898: 10890: 10877: 10866: 10858: 10854: 10850: 10846: 10842: 10838: 10835:(2): 253–60. 10834: 10830: 10822: 10814: 10810: 10803: 10796: 10792: 10789: 10785: 10780: 10772: 10768: 10764: 10760: 10756: 10752: 10749:(2): 133–48. 10748: 10744: 10737: 10729: 10725: 10721: 10714: 10706: 10702: 10697: 10692: 10688: 10684: 10680: 10676: 10672: 10665: 10663: 10661: 10653: 10649: 10646: 10641: 10634: 10630: 10627: 10622: 10607: 10603: 10599: 10595: 10589: 10574: 10570: 10566: 10562: 10556: 10542:on 2014-09-07 10541: 10537: 10533: 10526: 10518: 10514: 10509: 10504: 10500: 10496: 10492: 10488: 10484: 10477: 10469: 10465: 10461: 10457: 10450: 10442: 10438: 10433: 10428: 10424: 10420: 10417:(4): 419–21. 10416: 10412: 10411: 10406: 10399: 10391: 10387: 10382: 10377: 10373: 10369: 10365: 10361: 10357: 10353: 10349: 10342: 10326: 10322: 10318: 10314: 10310: 10306: 10302: 10298: 10294: 10293: 10288: 10281: 10273: 10269: 10265: 10261: 10257: 10253: 10249: 10245: 10241: 10237: 10236: 10228: 10220: 10216: 10211: 10206: 10202: 10198: 10194: 10190: 10186: 10182: 10178: 10171: 10163: 10159: 10154: 10149: 10145: 10141: 10137: 10133: 10132: 10127: 10120: 10112: 10108: 10104: 10100: 10096: 10092: 10091: 10082: 10074: 10070: 10065: 10060: 10056: 10052: 10048: 10044: 10043: 10038: 10031: 10023: 10019: 10015: 10011: 10006: 10001: 9998:(1): 149–82. 9997: 9993: 9992: 9984: 9976: 9970: 9966: 9962: 9955: 9947: 9941: 9933: 9929: 9925: 9921: 9917: 9913: 9909: 9905: 9898: 9890: 9886: 9881: 9876: 9872: 9868: 9865:(3): 735–70. 9864: 9860: 9856: 9849: 9841: 9837: 9833: 9829: 9825: 9821: 9814: 9812: 9803: 9799: 9795: 9794:PURE Insights 9791: 9784: 9777: 9773: 9767: 9760: 9756: 9750: 9742: 9738: 9734: 9730: 9726: 9722: 9715: 9707: 9703: 9699: 9695: 9691: 9687: 9683: 9679: 9672: 9664: 9660: 9655: 9650: 9646: 9642: 9638: 9634: 9630: 9623: 9615: 9611: 9607: 9603: 9599: 9595: 9594: 9586: 9578: 9574: 9570: 9566: 9562: 9558: 9551: 9544: 9540: 9537: 9531: 9523: 9519: 9515: 9511: 9507: 9503: 9499: 9495: 9491: 9487: 9486: 9478: 9470: 9466: 9461: 9456: 9451: 9446: 9442: 9438: 9437: 9432: 9425: 9417: 9413: 9409: 9405: 9401: 9397: 9394:(4): 359–66. 9393: 9389: 9382: 9367: 9363: 9359: 9352: 9333: 9329: 9323: 9319: 9316:. Stockholm: 9312: 9311: 9303: 9301: 9299: 9290: 9286: 9282: 9278: 9274: 9270: 9266: 9259: 9244: 9240: 9236: 9232: 9228: 9224: 9220: 9216: 9212: 9208: 9204: 9200: 9193: 9185: 9181: 9176: 9171: 9167: 9163: 9160:(3): 253–62. 9159: 9155: 9154: 9149: 9142: 9126: 9122: 9118: 9111: 9103: 9096: 9088: 9084: 9080: 9076: 9069: 9067: 9065: 9063: 9061: 9049: 9045: 9041: 9036: 9031: 9027: 9023: 9020:(3): 659–67. 9019: 9015: 9014: 9006: 8999: 8991: 8987: 8982: 8977: 8973: 8969: 8966:(6): 708–14. 8965: 8961: 8960: 8955: 8948: 8946: 8937: 8933: 8929: 8925: 8921: 8917: 8913: 8909: 8905: 8901: 8900: 8892: 8890: 8881: 8877: 8872: 8867: 8863: 8859: 8855: 8851: 8847: 8840: 8832: 8828: 8824: 8820: 8816: 8812: 8809:(2): 201–11. 8808: 8804: 8803: 8795: 8780: 8776: 8772: 8768: 8764: 8760: 8756: 8755: 8750: 8743: 8735: 8731: 8727: 8723: 8719: 8715: 8711: 8707: 8700: 8691: 8689: 8680: 8676: 8671: 8666: 8662: 8658: 8654: 8647: 8645: 8643: 8641: 8629: 8625: 8621: 8617: 8613: 8609: 8605: 8601: 8597: 8590: 8583: 8575: 8571: 8566: 8561: 8557: 8553: 8549: 8545: 8541: 8534: 8532: 8521: 8513: 8509: 8504: 8499: 8495: 8491: 8487: 8483: 8479: 8475: 8474: 8469: 8462: 8454: 8450: 8449: 8441: 8433: 8429: 8422: 8403: 8399: 8395: 8391: 8387: 8383: 8379: 8372: 8365: 8354: 8350: 8346: 8342: 8338: 8335:(1): 217–46. 8334: 8330: 8329: 8321: 8314: 8312: 8310: 8301: 8297: 8292: 8287: 8283: 8279: 8278: 8273: 8266: 8264: 8255: 8251: 8246: 8241: 8237: 8233: 8229: 8225: 8221: 8214: 8212: 8195: 8191: 8187: 8181: 8179: 8170: 8164: 8156: 8152: 8147: 8142: 8138: 8134: 8130: 8126: 8122: 8115: 8096: 8092: 8088: 8081: 8075: 8067: 8061: 8057: 8053: 8049: 8048: 8040: 8031: 8023: 8019: 8014: 8009: 8005: 8001: 7997: 7993: 7989: 7985: 7984: 7979: 7972: 7957: 7953: 7949: 7943: 7941: 7932: 7928: 7923: 7918: 7914: 7910: 7906: 7902: 7898: 7894: 7893: 7888: 7881: 7873: 7869: 7865: 7861: 7857: 7853: 7849: 7845: 7838: 7823: 7819: 7815: 7811: 7807: 7803: 7799: 7795: 7791: 7787: 7783: 7782: 7777: 7770: 7754: 7750: 7746: 7739: 7723: 7719: 7715: 7708: 7700: 7696: 7692: 7688: 7684: 7680: 7679: 7671: 7669: 7660: 7654: 7650: 7646: 7639: 7631: 7625: 7621: 7617: 7610: 7602: 7598: 7594: 7590: 7586: 7582: 7578: 7574: 7573:CNS Spectrums 7567: 7559: 7555: 7551: 7547: 7543: 7539: 7532: 7524: 7518: 7514: 7507: 7492: 7488: 7484: 7480: 7476: 7472: 7468: 7464: 7460: 7456: 7449: 7434: 7430: 7426: 7422: 7418: 7414: 7410: 7406: 7402: 7398: 7394: 7390: 7383: 7375: 7371: 7367: 7363: 7359: 7355: 7352:(5): 459–70. 7351: 7347: 7340: 7332: 7328: 7324: 7320: 7317:(2): 198–22. 7316: 7312: 7311: 7303: 7295: 7291: 7288:(1): 109–18. 7287: 7283: 7282: 7274: 7272: 7255: 7251: 7247: 7243: 7239: 7235: 7231: 7227: 7220: 7204: 7200: 7196: 7189: 7181: 7177: 7172: 7167: 7162: 7157: 7153: 7149: 7145: 7141: 7137: 7136: 7131: 7124: 7116: 7112: 7108: 7101: 7093: 7089: 7085: 7081: 7077: 7073: 7069: 7068: 7060: 7052: 7048: 7044: 7040: 7035: 7030: 7026: 7022: 7018: 7017: 7009: 7001: 6990: 6986: 6980: 6976: 6972: 6968: 6961: 6953: 6942: 6938: 6932: 6928: 6924: 6920: 6916: 6909: 6901: 6897: 6893: 6889: 6885: 6881: 6877: 6876: 6868: 6860: 6856: 6852: 6848: 6844: 6840: 6836: 6835: 6827: 6825: 6816: 6812: 6807: 6802: 6798: 6794: 6790: 6786: 6782: 6778: 6771: 6769: 6752: 6748: 6744: 6740: 6736: 6732: 6728: 6724: 6720: 6716: 6715: 6710: 6703: 6688: 6684: 6680: 6673: 6662: 6658: 6654: 6650: 6646: 6642: 6638: 6637: 6629: 6622: 6620: 6618: 6616: 6607: 6603: 6599: 6595: 6591: 6587: 6583: 6579: 6575: 6571: 6570: 6565: 6558: 6542: 6538: 6534: 6530: 6526: 6522: 6518: 6514: 6513: 6508: 6501: 6499: 6497: 6488: 6482: 6478: 6474: 6467: 6452: 6448: 6447: 6442: 6436: 6434: 6418: 6414: 6410: 6404: 6402: 6386: 6382: 6381: 6376: 6370: 6368: 6351: 6347: 6343: 6339: 6332: 6330: 6321: 6317: 6312: 6307: 6303: 6299: 6295: 6288: 6286: 6269: 6265: 6261: 6255: 6253: 6236: 6232: 6228: 6224: 6220: 6217:(5): 766–80. 6216: 6212: 6211: 6206: 6199: 6197: 6189: 6185: 6182: 6176: 6174: 6166: 6160: 6158: 6149: 6145: 6141: 6137: 6133: 6129: 6125: 6121: 6120: 6112: 6110: 6108: 6092: 6088: 6081: 6073: 6069: 6064: 6059: 6054: 6049: 6045: 6041: 6037: 6033: 6029: 6022: 6014: 6010: 6006: 6002: 5998: 5994: 5987: 5979: 5975: 5972:(2): 449–62. 5971: 5967: 5960: 5952: 5948: 5944: 5940: 5936: 5932: 5929:(2): 133–48. 5928: 5924: 5917: 5909: 5905: 5901: 5897: 5889: 5881: 5875: 5871: 5864: 5855: 5846: 5836: 5826: 5811: 5807: 5803: 5799: 5795: 5791: 5787: 5783: 5779: 5775: 5768: 5758: 5748: 5738: 5730: 5726: 5722: 5718: 5714: 5710: 5706: 5702: 5695: 5687: 5683: 5679: 5675: 5668: 5660: 5654: 5650: 5646: 5639: 5631: 5620: 5616: 5610: 5606: 5602: 5601: 5593: 5585: 5574: 5570: 5564: 5560: 5556: 5555: 5547: 5539: 5528: 5524: 5518: 5514: 5510: 5509: 5501: 5493: 5489: 5485: 5481: 5477: 5473: 5469: 5468: 5460: 5452: 5446: 5442: 5438: 5434: 5428: 5426: 5417: 5411: 5407: 5403: 5396: 5388: 5382: 5378: 5374: 5367: 5359: 5355: 5351: 5347: 5343: 5339: 5335: 5334: 5326: 5308: 5304: 5300: 5296: 5292: 5288: 5284: 5280: 5276: 5272: 5271: 5263: 5256: 5238: 5234: 5230: 5226: 5222: 5218: 5214: 5210: 5206: 5202: 5201: 5196: 5189: 5181: 5177: 5173: 5169: 5165: 5161: 5157: 5156: 5148: 5140: 5136: 5132: 5128: 5125:(2): 387–97. 5124: 5120: 5119: 5111: 5103: 5097: 5093: 5089: 5085: 5084: 5076: 5068: 5064: 5060: 5056: 5052: 5048: 5041: 5034: 5021: 5015: 5011: 5007: 5003: 4999: 4992: 4984: 4980: 4976: 4972: 4968: 4964: 4960: 4956: 4952: 4945: 4936: 4934: 4932: 4923: 4919: 4912: 4910: 4901: 4890: 4886: 4880: 4876: 4872: 4865: 4857: 4851: 4847: 4843: 4839: 4838: 4830: 4823: 4819: 4816: 4811: 4804: 4799: 4791: 4785: 4781: 4777: 4770: 4755: 4751: 4750: 4745: 4739: 4731: 4724: 4722: 4713: 4709: 4705: 4704: 4699: 4693: 4685: 4681: 4676: 4671: 4667: 4663: 4660:(6958): 826. 4659: 4655: 4654: 4649: 4642: 4634: 4630: 4626: 4622: 4618: 4614: 4613: 4605: 4597: 4593: 4589: 4585: 4581: 4577: 4573: 4569: 4562: 4554: 4550: 4546: 4540: 4536: 4532: 4525: 4523: 4514: 4510: 4506: 4502: 4498: 4494: 4487: 4479: 4473: 4469: 4462: 4451: 4445: 4437: 4433: 4429: 4425: 4421: 4417: 4413: 4406: 4398: 4391: 4384: 4376: 4372: 4368: 4364: 4360: 4356: 4352: 4345: 4334: 4328: 4314: 4310: 4304: 4291: 4287: 4283: 4279: 4272: 4265: 4261: 4258: 4253: 4246: 4242: 4239: 4234: 4227: 4223: 4220: 4215: 4213: 4205: 4201: 4198: 4193: 4185: 4181: 4177: 4171: 4163: 4157: 4153: 4146: 4144: 4135: 4129: 4125: 4118: 4102: 4098: 4092: 4084: 4080: 4076: 4070: 4062: 4058: 4053: 4048: 4044: 4040: 4036: 4032: 4028: 4021: 4014: 4010: 4007: 4001: 3999: 3991: 3987: 3984: 3980: 3976: 3973: 3967: 3965: 3949:on 2012-08-23 3948: 3944: 3940: 3934: 3932: 3916:on 2013-09-20 3915: 3911: 3907: 3901: 3899: 3883:on 2012-08-23 3882: 3878: 3874: 3868: 3853:on 2012-01-13 3852: 3848: 3844: 3843:"Psychopathy" 3838: 3836: 3827: 3821: 3817: 3813: 3809: 3808: 3803: 3797: 3789: 3785: 3781: 3777: 3773: 3769: 3765: 3764: 3756: 3754: 3737: 3733: 3729: 3723: 3721: 3712: 3700: 3696: 3690: 3686: 3682: 3681: 3673: 3671: 3669: 3653: 3649: 3645: 3641: 3637: 3633: 3629: 3628: 3623: 3621: 3615: 3609: 3601: 3597: 3593: 3592: 3587: 3583: 3577: 3569: 3563: 3559: 3555: 3548: 3546: 3544: 3542: 3540: 3531: 3525: 3521: 3517: 3510: 3508: 3506: 3497: 3493: 3489: 3485: 3481: 3477: 3473: 3469: 3465: 3461: 3460: 3455: 3448: 3446: 3444: 3442: 3440: 3438: 3436: 3434: 3432: 3430: 3428: 3426: 3424: 3422: 3420: 3418: 3416: 3414: 3412: 3410: 3408: 3406: 3404: 3402: 3400: 3398: 3396: 3394: 3392: 3390: 3388: 3386: 3384: 3382: 3380: 3378: 3376: 3374: 3372: 3370: 3368: 3366: 3364: 3362: 3360: 3358: 3356: 3354: 3352: 3350: 3341: 3337: 3333: 3329: 3325: 3321: 3317: 3316: 3311: 3305: 3297: 3293: 3289: 3285: 3281: 3277: 3273: 3269: 3265: 3258: 3250: 3246: 3242: 3238: 3234: 3230: 3226: 3219: 3211: 3205: 3201: 3197: 3190: 3182: 3176: 3172: 3171: 3166: 3160: 3158: 3156: 3154: 3145: 3141: 3137: 3133: 3129: 3125: 3121: 3117: 3113: 3112: 3104: 3102: 3100: 3098: 3096: 3094: 3092: 3083: 3079: 3074: 3069: 3065: 3061: 3056: 3051: 3047: 3043: 3039: 3032: 3024: 3020: 3016: 3012: 3007: 3002: 2998: 2994: 2990: 2986: 2982: 2975: 2959: 2955: 2951: 2944: 2930: 2926: 2920: 2916: 2906: 2903: 2901: 2900:Serial rapist 2898: 2896: 2893: 2891: 2888: 2887: 2881: 2879: 2875: 2871: 2867: 2863: 2859: 2855: 2851: 2847: 2843: 2839: 2838:mass murderer 2835: 2834:serial killer 2831: 2827: 2822: 2818: 2814: 2810: 2805: 2803: 2799: 2795: 2791: 2787: 2783: 2779: 2775: 2771: 2765: 2755: 2752: 2747: 2745: 2741: 2736: 2732: 2728: 2724: 2720: 2716: 2712: 2708: 2702: 2700: 2694: 2689: 2674: 2672: 2666: 2657: 2655: 2650: 2640: 2638: 2632: 2621:United States 2618: 2616: 2612: 2608: 2604: 2600: 2596: 2591: 2589: 2583: 2581: 2580:United States 2577: 2567: 2563: 2560: 2555: 2553: 2552:North America 2549: 2539: 2537: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2515:antipsychotic 2511: 2507: 2504: 2500: 2499:psychotherapy 2496: 2492: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2461: 2457: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2429: 2427: 2416: 2412: 2410: 2406: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2391: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2374: 2369: 2365: 2363: 2359: 2358:schizophrenia 2355: 2351: 2347: 2343: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2320: 2310: 2308: 2304: 2300: 2296: 2292: 2282: 2279: 2275: 2269: 2267: 2263: 2262: 2257: 2253: 2252: 2247: 2237: 2233: 2224: 2219: 2209: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2192:, created by 2191: 2185: 2165: 2162: 2157: 2155: 2152: 2148: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2126: 2124: 2120: 2115: 2110: 2107: 2101: 2099: 2094: 2090: 2086: 2076: 2074: 2068: 2066: 2061: 2056: 2054: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2036: 2034: 2031: 2027: 2023: 2019: 2015: 2011: 2007: 2003: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1985: 1982: 1974: 1969: 1960: 1958: 1954: 1953:reward system 1950: 1946: 1942: 1938: 1932: 1925:Psychological 1917: 1915: 1911: 1910:mutation load 1905: 1903: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1879: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1847:Disinhibition 1843: 1841: 1837: 1832: 1821: 1818: 1810: 1807:November 2021 1800: 1796: 1790: 1789: 1784:This article 1782: 1773: 1772: 1766: 1755: 1753: 1752:limbic system 1749: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1723:head injuries 1714: 1707: 1703: 1698: 1689: 1687: 1682: 1673: 1670: 1661: 1657: 1655: 1650: 1648: 1638: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1606:body gestures 1603: 1599: 1595: 1585: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1566: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1534: 1530: 1518:Mental traits 1515: 1512: 1508: 1503: 1500: 1495: 1492: 1485: 1475: 1471: 1462: 1460: 1455: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1422: 1412: 1409: 1408:sex offenders 1404: 1402: 1401:meta-analysis 1398: 1393: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1372: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1345: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1329: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1310: 1306: 1304: 1294: 1291: 1287: 1286:meta-analyses 1282: 1275: 1270: 1256: 1252: 1240: 1237: 1234: 1231: 1228: 1225: 1224: 1223: 1214: 1205: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1184: 1182: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1164: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1144: 1142: 1138: 1132: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1121:schizophrenia 1118: 1111: 1110:has written: 1109: 1099: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1075: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1060:Otto Kernberg 1057: 1055: 1051: 1050:socialization 1047: 1042: 1040: 1036: 1026: 1022: 1020: 1015: 1010: 1008: 1004: 1000: 990: 988: 984: 980: 972: 971: 967: 964: 960: 959: 958:Disinhibition 955: 952: 948: 947:assertiveness 944: 940: 939: 935: 934: 933: 931: 927: 921: 918: 916: 912: 908: 902: 900:, 1993, p. xi 899: 892: 876: 873: 872:Glenn Walters 869: 865: 861: 858: 857:psychoanalyst 854: 850: 844: 842: 838: 834: 830: 825: 823: 818: 814: 813: 808: 798: 796: 795:homosexuality 792: 787: 784: 779: 775: 771: 767: 763: 759: 755: 750: 748: 744: 740: 737: 733: 724: 721: 717: 713: 709: 705: 701: 697: 693: 692: 687: 682: 679: 677: 673: 669: 665: 660: 658: 654: 650: 646: 645:Karl Birnbaum 642: 638: 628: 626: 621: 619: 615: 611: 610: 605: 600: 598: 594: 590: 586: 582: 581: 575: 573: 569: 565: 560: 555: 551: 546: 544: 543: 538: 534: 533: 528: 527: 522: 518: 514: 510: 509:psychopatisch 506: 496: 493:) "soul" and 486: 482: 478: 467: 457: 455: 451: 447: 442: 438: 437:psychological 434: 429: 427: 423: 419: 415: 411: 407: 406: 401: 397: 393: 389: 388: 383: 379: 375: 373: 369: 365: 361: 360:disinhibition 357: 353: 349: 345: 341: 338: 334: 330: 321: 319: 315: 311: 309: 305: 301: 300:psychotherapy 297: 293: 289: 285: 282: 278: 274: 273:schizophrenia 270: 266: 262: 258: 255: 253: 249: 245: 242: 240: 236: 232: 228: 225: 221: 217: 213: 209: 205: 201: 197: 193: 190: 188: 184: 181: 177: 173: 170: 168: 164: 155: 120: 119: 117: 115:Pronunciation 113: 108: 102: 98: 91: 87: 85: 77: 73: 69: 65: 48: 44: 40: 33: 28: 19: 14966: 14942:Minimisation 14937:Manipulation 14917:Exaggeration 14853: 14849:Verbal abuse 14829:Sexual abuse 14809:Social abuse 14779:Intimidation 14493:Manipulative 14473:Disinhibited 14417: 14092: 14027:South Africa 14014:Web brigades 13950:Cyberwarfare 13932:Useful idiot 13881:Soviet Union 13826:Fintas Group 13718:Global Times 13716: 13685:cyberwarfare 13446: 13439: 13432: 13425: 13419: 13411: 13378:Whataboutism 13373:Urban legend 13343:Quote mining 13046:The Atlantic 13045: 13033: 13029: 13022: 13014: 13003: 12934: 12885: 12877: 12847: 12825: 12799:. New York: 12795: 12776: 12754: 12738: 12724: 12717: 12697: 12687:Bibliography 12673:. Retrieved 12664: 12655: 12648:, p. 21 12645: 12638: 12605: 12599: 12593: 12584: 12574: 12565: 12559: 12548: 12542: 12533: 12527: 12521: 12499:(1): 17–32. 12496: 12492: 12472:. Retrieved 12447:(2): 65–73. 12444: 12438: 12425: 12414:. Retrieved 12397: 12393: 12383: 12366: 12362: 12359:Polaschek DL 12353: 12342:. Retrieved 12335:the original 12310:Google Books 12308:– via 12303:. Retrieved 12279: 12272: 12252: 12209: 12205: 12195: 12160: 12156: 12146: 12134:. Retrieved 12119: 12109: 12097:. Retrieved 12077: 12070: 12058:. Retrieved 12049: 12039: 12028:. Retrieved 12017: 12007: 11991: 11986: 11974:. Retrieved 11963: 11953: 11941:. Retrieved 11937:the original 11932: 11923: 11911:. Retrieved 11886: 11880: 11866: 11846:. New York: 11843: 11822:. Retrieved 11813: 11803: 11762: 11758: 11732:. Retrieved 11688: 11684: 11671: 11626: 11622: 11612: 11587: 11583: 11577: 11568: 11557:(1): 37–43. 11554: 11548: 11538: 11503: 11499: 11489: 11444: 11438: 11428: 11417:. Retrieved 11384: 11380: 11370: 11345: 11339: 11333: 11314: 11283:(4): 430–9. 11280: 11274: 11268: 11260:Google Books 11258:– via 11253:. Retrieved 11226: 11216: 11191: 11187: 11156:(3): 253–9. 11153: 11149: 11142: 11114: 11055: 11051: 11041: 11030:. Retrieved 11021: 11012: 11001:. Retrieved 10992: 10983: 10940: 10936: 10926: 10915:. Retrieved 10906: 10897: 10885:|title= 10865: 10832: 10828: 10821: 10812: 10802: 10779: 10746: 10742: 10736: 10723: 10713: 10678: 10674: 10640: 10621: 10610:. Retrieved 10597: 10588: 10577:. Retrieved 10573:the original 10564: 10555: 10544:. Retrieved 10540:the original 10535: 10525: 10493:(3): 382–6. 10490: 10486: 10476: 10462:(2): 23–31. 10459: 10455: 10449: 10414: 10408: 10398: 10355: 10351: 10341: 10329:. Retrieved 10296: 10290: 10280: 10239: 10233: 10227: 10184: 10180: 10170: 10135: 10129: 10119: 10094: 10088: 10081: 10046: 10040: 10030: 9995: 9989: 9983: 9963:. New York: 9960: 9954: 9940:cite journal 9907: 9903: 9897: 9862: 9858: 9848: 9823: 9819: 9797: 9793: 9783: 9775: 9771: 9766: 9758: 9754: 9749: 9724: 9720: 9714: 9681: 9677: 9671: 9639:(2): 81–88. 9636: 9632: 9622: 9597: 9591: 9585: 9560: 9556: 9550: 9530: 9489: 9483: 9477: 9440: 9434: 9424: 9391: 9387: 9381: 9370:. Retrieved 9361: 9351: 9339:. Retrieved 9332:the original 9309: 9272: 9268: 9258: 9247:. Retrieved 9206: 9202: 9192: 9157: 9151: 9141: 9129:. Retrieved 9120: 9110: 9101: 9095: 9078: 9074: 9017: 9011: 8998: 8963: 8957: 8903: 8897: 8856:(1): 36–49. 8853: 8849: 8839: 8806: 8800: 8794: 8783:. Retrieved 8758: 8752: 8742: 8709: 8705: 8699: 8660: 8656: 8599: 8595: 8582: 8547: 8543: 8520: 8477: 8471: 8461: 8452: 8446: 8440: 8427: 8421: 8409:. Retrieved 8381: 8377: 8364: 8332: 8326: 8281: 8275: 8227: 8223: 8198:. Retrieved 8194:the original 8189: 8163:cite journal 8128: 8124: 8114: 8102:. Retrieved 8086: 8074: 8046: 8039: 8030: 7990:(1): 55–63. 7987: 7981: 7971: 7960:. Retrieved 7951: 7896: 7890: 7880: 7847: 7843: 7837: 7826:. Retrieved 7785: 7779: 7769: 7757:. Retrieved 7748: 7738: 7726:. Retrieved 7717: 7707: 7682: 7676: 7644: 7638: 7615: 7609: 7576: 7572: 7566: 7541: 7537: 7531: 7512: 7506: 7495:. Retrieved 7462: 7458: 7448: 7437:. Retrieved 7396: 7392: 7382: 7349: 7345: 7339: 7314: 7308: 7302: 7285: 7279: 7260:December 30, 7258:. Retrieved 7233: 7229: 7219: 7207:. Retrieved 7188: 7139: 7133: 7123: 7115:the original 7110: 7100: 7071: 7065: 7059: 7020: 7014: 7008: 7000:Google Books 6998:– via 6993:. Retrieved 6970: 6960: 6952:Google Books 6950:– via 6945:. Retrieved 6918: 6908: 6879: 6873: 6867: 6838: 6832: 6784: 6780: 6755:. Retrieved 6718: 6712: 6702: 6691:. Retrieved 6682: 6672: 6643:(5): 893–9. 6640: 6634: 6573: 6567: 6557: 6545:. Retrieved 6516: 6510: 6472: 6466: 6455:. Retrieved 6444: 6421:. Retrieved 6413:ScienceDaily 6412: 6389:. Retrieved 6378: 6354:. Retrieved 6341: 6336:Neumann CS. 6301: 6297: 6272:. Retrieved 6263: 6239:. Retrieved 6214: 6208: 6164: 6123: 6117: 6094:. Retrieved 6090: 6080: 6035: 6031: 6021: 5996: 5992: 5986: 5969: 5965: 5959: 5926: 5922: 5916: 5899: 5895: 5888: 5869: 5863: 5854: 5845: 5835: 5825: 5814:. Retrieved 5784:(1): 28–41. 5781: 5777: 5767: 5757: 5747: 5737: 5704: 5700: 5694: 5677: 5673: 5667: 5644: 5638: 5630:Google Books 5628:– via 5623:. Retrieved 5599: 5592: 5584:Google Books 5582:– via 5577:. Retrieved 5553: 5546: 5538:Google Books 5536:– via 5531:. Retrieved 5507: 5500: 5471: 5465: 5459: 5436: 5401: 5395: 5375:. New York: 5372: 5366: 5337: 5331: 5325: 5314:. Retrieved 5274: 5268: 5255: 5244:. Retrieved 5204: 5198: 5188: 5159: 5153: 5147: 5122: 5116: 5110: 5082: 5075: 5050: 5046: 5033: 5023:, retrieved 5001: 4991: 4961:(1): 87–88. 4958: 4954: 4944: 4917: 4900:Google Books 4898:– via 4893:. Retrieved 4874: 4864: 4840:. New York: 4836: 4829: 4810: 4798: 4775: 4769: 4758:. Retrieved 4747: 4738: 4729: 4712:the original 4701: 4692: 4657: 4651: 4641: 4619:(1): 14–30. 4616: 4610: 4604: 4571: 4567: 4561: 4530: 4499:(1): 27–38. 4496: 4492: 4486: 4467: 4461: 4444: 4419: 4415: 4405: 4396: 4383: 4358: 4354: 4344: 4327: 4316:. Retrieved 4312: 4303: 4293:, retrieved 4281: 4271: 4252: 4233: 4192: 4184:the original 4179: 4170: 4151: 4123: 4117: 4105:. Retrieved 4091: 4083:the original 4078: 4069: 4034: 4030: 4020: 3970:Medlineplus 3951:. Retrieved 3947:the original 3942: 3918:. Retrieved 3914:the original 3909: 3906:"Psychopath" 3885:. Retrieved 3881:the original 3876: 3867: 3855:. Retrieved 3851:the original 3846: 3806: 3796: 3767: 3761: 3742:September 4, 3740:. Retrieved 3731: 3711:Google Books 3709:– via 3703:. Retrieved 3679: 3656:. Retrieved 3634:(3): 391–8. 3631: 3625: 3619: 3608: 3595: 3589: 3576: 3553: 3515: 3463: 3457: 3319: 3313: 3310:Partridge GE 3304: 3271: 3267: 3257: 3232: 3228: 3218: 3195: 3189: 3169: 3115: 3109: 3045: 3041: 3031: 2988: 2984: 2974: 2962:. Retrieved 2953: 2943: 2932:. Retrieved 2928: 2919: 2806: 2767: 2750: 2748: 2744:dark triadic 2740:Oliver James 2727:productivity 2703: 2695: 2691: 2667: 2663: 2646: 2633: 2629: 2592: 2584: 2573: 2564: 2556: 2545: 2536:pharmacology 2512: 2508: 2490: 2472: 2458: 2430: 2422: 2413: 2394: 2370: 2366: 2327:narcissistic 2316: 2288: 2270: 2259: 2249: 2243: 2234: 2230: 2221: 2189: 2187: 2158: 2127: 2105: 2102: 2098:serotonergic 2085:testosterone 2082: 2069: 2060:neuroimaging 2057: 2041:white matter 2037: 1986: 1978: 1963:Neurological 1937:conditioning 1934: 1906: 1881: 1851:Sexual abuse 1839: 1835: 1828: 1813: 1804: 1785: 1720: 1717:Brain injury 1711: 1702:Phineas Gage 1679: 1667: 1658: 1651: 1644: 1591: 1574:intelligence 1567: 1555:white matter 1526: 1504: 1496: 1487: 1472: 1468: 1456: 1446: 1424: 1405: 1394: 1381:sexual crime 1378: 1346: 1330: 1326:psychosocial 1311: 1307: 1300: 1290:effect sizes 1283: 1279: 1253: 1249: 1238: 1232: 1226: 1220: 1211: 1190: 1181:Adrian Raine 1165: 1145: 1134: 1113: 1105: 1076: 1058: 1046:psychoticism 1043: 1032: 1023: 1013: 1011: 996: 976: 968: 963:frontal lobe 956: 936: 922: 919: 914: 906: 904: 894: 889: 864:Adolf Hitler 845: 832: 828: 826: 810: 804: 801:20th century 791:psychopathic 790: 788: 777: 765: 751: 747:Theophrastus 730: 719: 715: 707: 703: 699: 695: 689: 683: 680: 667: 663: 661: 657:social norms 652: 640: 636: 634: 624: 622: 617: 614:psychopathic 613: 607: 601: 584: 578: 576: 549: 547: 540: 530: 524: 516: 512: 508: 494: 484: 476: 474: 431:Although no 430: 403: 399: 391: 385: 382:psychiatrist 376: 332: 328: 327: 239:Risk factors 101: 83: 46: 37:This is the 31: 15023:Criminology 15013:Psychopathy 14992:Victimology 14967:Psychopathy 14789:Persecution 14764:Humiliation 14754:Gaslighting 14737:Elder abuse 14688:Child abuse 14503:Remorseless 14418:Psychopathy 14225:Yellow rain 13845:Philippines 13705:Spamouflage 13690:Little Pink 13544:Rothschilds 13534:Red mercury 13249:Gaslighting 13200:Lying press 13170:Doublespeak 12936:MedlinePlus 12536:(1): 54–61. 12400:(1): 3–13. 12136:17 December 12121:Mayo Clinic 11629:: 257–263. 11348:(9): 1011. 11150:L'Encéphale 10675:Jurimetrics 10097:: 147–154. 9600:(1): 7–28. 8602:(1): 1–29. 8054:. pp. 7399:(1): 1–24. 7193:Morton RJ. 7078:: 499–513. 6886:: 253–260. 6791:: 125–132. 6725:: 253–258. 6580:: 133–148. 6126:: 121–135. 5478:: 556–563. 5344:: 693–709. 4842:Basic Books 3983:Psychopathy 3953:January 21, 3920:January 21, 3887:January 21, 3122:: 913–938. 3048:: 1061642. 3006:2066/236779 2866:attachments 2821:its history 2809:exaggerated 2802:Shakespeare 2782:criminology 2723:absenteeism 2559:reliability 2313:Comorbidity 2285:Other tools 2240:DSM and ICD 2147:digit ratio 2079:Biochemical 2006:hippocampus 1692:Environment 1654:utilitarian 1610:vocal tones 1451:ideological 1365:impulsivity 1264:Criminality 1217:Core traits 1087:dark tetrad 1054:impulsivity 1039:anxiousness 993:Measurement 979:paradoxical 945:and social 841:self-report 770:Julius Koch 766:Psychopathy 736:Deuteronomy 720:psychopathy 708:psychopathy 700:psychopathy 686:Robert Hare 668:psychopathy 653:psychopathy 564:MedlinePlus 550:psychopathy 477:psychopathy 433:psychiatric 412:(ASPD) and 364:egocentrism 337:personality 329:Psychopathy 220:impulsivity 180:criminology 110:Psychopathy 84:Psychopaths 18:Psychopaths 15028:Dark triad 15007:Categories 14947:Narcissism 14769:Incivility 14759:Harassment 14589:Sociopathy 14564:Narcissism 14539:Dark triad 14432:In fiction 14352:PolitiFact 14280:Opposition 14156:Sandy Hook 13955:on Estonia 13889:Soviet era 13802:Team Jorge 13778:Godi-media 13539:Reptilians 13509:Illuminati 13368:Truthiness 13358:Social bot 13321:Propaganda 13254:Half-truth 13229:False flag 12773:Dutton, K. 12675:2018-02-16 12474:2022-01-25 12416:2019-07-15 12344:2012-06-23 12305:2020-11-19 12099:January 5, 12030:2015-01-13 11734:2022-01-25 11419:2023-03-04 11255:2016-02-03 11032:2023-12-30 11003:2023-12-30 10917:2022-01-06 10829:Assessment 10612:2009-09-11 10579:2009-01-27 10546:2014-05-07 10536:MAI Review 9372:2022-09-27 9249:2022-05-01 8785:2020-08-23 8663:(1): 5–7. 8104:January 5, 7962:2018-02-16 7850:(1): 1–7. 7828:2018-10-25 7759:January 5, 7728:January 5, 7497:2022-01-25 7439:2020-09-24 7209:January 1, 7146:: e72484. 7027:: 740–67. 6995:2016-02-03 6947:2016-02-03 6845:: 436–45. 6693:2023-01-30 6523:: 134–41. 6457:2018-02-16 6423:2018-02-16 6391:2018-02-16 5816:2023-09-22 5778:Assessment 5625:2016-02-03 5579:2016-02-03 5533:2016-02-03 5316:2022-01-25 5281:: 131–44. 5246:2019-01-22 5211:: 131–44. 5166:: 626–35. 5025:2024-04-21 4895:2016-02-03 4844:. p. 4760:2018-02-16 4361:: 110124. 4318:2024-07-10 4295:2024-06-19 4282:StatPearls 4006:Psychopath 3972:Psychopath 3814:. p. 3774:: 169–77. 3705:January 5, 3658:2018-10-02 3470:: 95–162. 2934:2024-04-11 2911:References 2878:insecurity 2830:con artist 2826:archetypal 2804:'s works. 2778:psychiatry 2770:sociopathy 2758:In fiction 2649:recidivism 2609:under the 2475:refractory 2464:Management 2452:in severe 2441:histrionic 2437:antisocial 2362:depression 2331:borderline 2323:histrionic 1989:prefrontal 1941:punishment 1929:See also: 1920:Mechanisms 1893:altruistic 1876:See also: 1836:two factor 1439:Terrorists 1435:war crimes 1419:See also: 1341:predicting 1322:aggression 1129:parasomnia 1083:dark triad 1068:narcissism 1037:(low) and 1007:depression 879:Definition 862:suggested 853:propaganda 727:Precursors 716:sociopathy 704:sociopathy 696:sociopathy 664:sociopathy 662:The terms 641:sociopathy 631:Sociopathy 625:psychopath 618:psychopath 513:psychopath 418:sociopathy 308:Medication 287:Prevention 224:narcissism 202:, lack of 172:Psychiatry 76:Sycophancy 14922:Isolation 14742:Financial 14483:Impulsive 14478:Grandiose 14347:NewsGuard 14342:Logically 14337:Full Fact 14234:Venezuela 14168:Fake news 14056:AK Trolls 13747:Funkspiel 13269:Infodemic 13185:Fake news 13160:Denialism 13155:Deception 12513:145582366 12226:1469-493X 11795:220339235 11779:1524-8380 11705:1433-0407 11645:1179-1411 11074:2076-328X 10957:1939-134X 10876:cite book 10857:206655518 10687:0897-1277 10372:0306-4530 10256:0269-8811 10201:0268-1315 10000:CiteSeerX 9698:0149-7634 9506:1939-1455 9289:0191-8869 9239:244730442 9223:1942-969X 8920:1873-7528 8596:Cognition 8494:0003-990X 8411:29 August 8398:150699596 8004:1469-7610 7913:0002-953X 7872:145437921 7864:1614-0001 7802:0001-8244 7649:Routledge 7479:1939-134X 7413:1079-0632 7250:1355-3259 7029:CiteSeerX 6739:0160-2527 6013:219505223 5067:0963-7214 4975:1949-2723 4596:144068583 4553:982958263 4375:0191-8869 3857:August 1, 3687:Company. 3340:0002-953X 3326:: 53–99. 3288:1943-2763 3249:0092-6566 3064:1664-0640 3015:1939-1846 2660:Frequency 2643:Prognosis 2531:clozapine 2168:Diagnosis 2142:serotonin 2114:prolactin 2106:increased 2093:serotonin 2049:no effect 1902:fertility 1889:parasitic 1840:triarchic 1647:amorality 1626:happiness 1523:Cognition 1333:construct 1259:Offending 1198:cognition 1141:hypomania 789:The term 758:Pritchard 712:psychosis 593:delusions 585:psychotic 580:psychosis 577:The term 548:The term 526:pathology 475:The word 471:Etymology 454:psychosis 340:construct 318:Prognosis 295:Treatment 269:psychosis 167:Specialty 64:Psychosis 14834:Stalking 14747:Marriage 14708:marriage 14703:military 14683:Bullying 14425:Contexts 14372:USAFacts 14362:StopFake 14258:Force 47 14163:COVID-19 14087:Euromyth 13838:Peñabots 13712:COVID-19 13617:COVID-19 13602:Vaccines 13467:Examples 13353:Smearing 12991:Archived 12824:(2014). 12793:(1999). 12786:(e-book) 12669:Archived 12630:15946623 12622:20422644 12465:Archived 12461:19243821 12410:Archived 12299:Archived 12261:Archived 12244:32880105 12187:24698103 12130:Archived 12093:Archived 12060:12 March 12054:Archived 12024:Archived 11976:10 March 11970:Archived 11943:10 March 11913:12 March 11907:Archived 11903:26359751 11873:Kumari V 11824:12 March 11818:Archived 11787:16785285 11725:Archived 11721:38652290 11713:24549689 11663:22723733 11604:20610135 11530:26382954 11481:26325039 11440:PLOS ONE 11413:Archived 11401:17018169 11362:12964563 11249:Archived 11208:15177992 11170:20620268 11134:Archived 11092:26797641 11058:(1): 5. 11026:Archived 10997:Archived 10975:24320762 10911:Archived 10849:21393315 10791:Archived 10771:40939723 10763:15070462 10728:Archived 10705:24944437 10648:Archived 10629:Archived 10606:Archived 10517:20850185 10441:20228805 10390:21978869 10325:Archived 10321:19350747 10313:23644029 10272:13239172 10264:12870570 10219:21909028 10162:25283165 10111:25145808 10073:20674598 10022:17201574 9932:40617060 9924:16613435 9889:19583882 9840:18638646 9802:Archived 9741:16168013 9706:36116578 9663:19833485 9614:18327824 9577:19445007 9539:Archived 9522:19644741 9514:26302165 9469:23424583 9408:26158983 9366:Archived 9341:27 April 9243:Archived 9231:34843347 9184:22752782 9131:10 April 9125:Archived 9048:Archived 9044:22390288 8990:21768207 8928:22944264 8880:24359488 8831:42581610 8823:11432605 8779:Archived 8775:12428783 8726:11761284 8679:12509310 8628:Archived 8624:16366546 8574:16712954 8512:19736355 8455:: 63–77. 8402:Archived 8353:Archived 8349:18370617 8300:19506560 8254:18434283 8200:July 10, 8155:24673881 8095:Archived 8093:. 2013. 8022:27516046 7956:Archived 7931:27056607 7822:Archived 7810:14574136 7753:Archived 7743:Hare R. 7722:Archived 7712:Hare R. 7699:20422645 7593:28931447 7558:20101592 7491:Archived 7487:23088204 7433:Archived 7429:36102945 7421:15017823 7366:14593792 7331:33364099 7254:Archived 7203:Archived 7180:24023744 7135:PLOS ONE 7092:21255891 7051:20804235 6989:Archived 6941:Archived 6900:17444531 6859:12150419 6815:20148183 6751:Archived 6747:19409615 6723:Elsevier 6687:Archived 6661:Archived 6657:18837606 6606:Archived 6602:40939723 6594:15070462 6541:Archived 6537:19345418 6521:Elsevier 6451:Archived 6417:Archived 6385:Archived 6356:23 April 6350:Archived 6320:16449704 6268:Archived 6235:Archived 6184:Archived 6148:27711931 6140:25749197 6096:23 April 6072:27911790 5978:18693491 5951:40939723 5943:15070462 5908:15704627 5810:Archived 5806:17524487 5798:24322012 5742:439–453. 5729:30675346 5721:24022650 5619:Archived 5573:Archived 5527:Archived 5476:Elsevier 5435:(2004). 5433:Otto F K 5358:25130868 5307:Archived 5303:19223010 5295:16492104 5237:Archived 5233:19223010 5225:16492104 5180:15535794 4983:23339319 4889:Archived 4818:Archived 4754:Archived 4588:11623816 4513:11911046 4436:26914324 4290:31536279 4260:Archived 4241:Archived 4222:Archived 4200:Archived 4101:Archived 4097:"Psycho" 4061:18174608 4009:Archived 3986:Archived 3975:Archived 3804:(1999). 3788:16184054 3736:Archived 3699:Archived 3652:Archived 3600:Archived 3496:Archived 3484:26167886 3296:24689766 3167:(1999). 3136:19583890 3082:37051168 3073:10084668 3023:34472890 2958:Archived 2884:See also 2854:bogeyman 2846:offender 2817:antihero 2735:charming 2711:conflict 2707:bullying 2469:Clinical 2450:variance 2446:etiology 2354:neurotic 2339:schizoid 2335:paranoid 2154:estrogen 2151:prenatal 2134:dopamine 2119:5-HTTLPR 2089:cortisol 2030:temporal 2018:striatum 2002:amygdala 1914:spandrel 1897:trusting 1748:amygdala 1630:fusiform 1533:amygdala 1389:sadistic 1303:violence 1297:Violence 970:Meanness 951:amygdala 938:Boldness 884:Concepts 760:(1835; " 739:21:18–21 356:boldness 212:violence 192:Boldness 187:Symptoms 43:reviewed 14855:more... 14784:Neglect 14693:neglect 14463:Callous 14246:Vietnam 13917:Seat 12 13788:OpIndia 13740:Germany 13207:Fallacy 13180:Factoid 13118:Big lie 13015:npr.org 12822:Kiehl K 12791:Hare RD 12775:(2012) 12235:8094881 12178:4255317 11654:3379858 11521:4629071 11472:4556482 11449:Bibcode 11409:2566320 11297:2266219 11083:4810039 10966:4100942 10813:Witness 10696:4059069 10508:3506166 10432:2916168 10381:3262096 10331:7 March 10210:3202964 10153:4737229 10064:3006062 9880:2709751 9654:2784035 9460:3573869 9443:: 549. 9416:2565416 9275:: 1–6. 9175:3937069 9035:4603562 8981:3427868 8936:2596760 8871:3970241 8734:1951812 8616:7587017 8565:2765815 8503:3192811 8245:2606709 8146:4145052 8013:5340563 7922:5008992 7818:8480586 7601:4968732 7171:3759386 7148:Bibcode 6806:2817979 6757:8 April 6547:1 April 6274:15 July 6241:5 April 6231:3478417 6063:5167137 6040:Bibcode 5830:111394. 5492:6535576 5139:8201078 4684:7950601 4675:2541046 4633:8425387 4052:2632489 3802:Hare RD 3648:1918618 3614:Hare RD 3582:Hare RD 3492:8521465 3165:Hare RD 3144:6105750 2964:12 June 2874:anguish 2813:villain 2786:critics 2595:England 2204:and in 2091:and/or 2026:frontal 1993:temporo 1793:Please 1676:Genetic 1618:sadness 1598:empathy 1357:remorse 1152:remorse 1041:(low). 1012:Marcus 597:reality 521:disease 505:Germany 460:History 348:remorse 344:empathy 335:, is a 208:remorse 204:empathy 72:Psychic 14902:Denial 14698:sexual 14357:Snopes 14173:online 14093:Lancet 14039:Turkey 13877:Russia 13833:Mexico 13821:Kuwait 13797:Israel 13656:Canada 13612:autism 13558:Health 13190:online 13006:, 2001 13004:Nature 12941:000921 12892: 12866: 12855: 12832: 12807: 12782: 12762: 12745: 12731: 12710: 12628: 12620: 12579:London 12511: 12459: 12291: 12242: 12232: 12224: 12185: 12175: 12085: 11998: 11901: 11854: 11793: 11785: 11777: 11719: 11711: 11703: 11661: 11651: 11643: 11602: 11528: 11518: 11479: 11469: 11407: 11399: 11360: 11321: 11295: 11241: 11206: 11168: 11126: 11090: 11080: 11072: 10973: 10963: 10955: 10855: 10847: 10769: 10761: 10703: 10693: 10685: 10515: 10505: 10439: 10429: 10388: 10378: 10370: 10319: 10311: 10270: 10262: 10254: 10217: 10207: 10199: 10160: 10150: 10109: 10071: 10061: 10020: 10002: 9971: 9930: 9922: 9887: 9877: 9838: 9739: 9704: 9696: 9661: 9651: 9612: 9575: 9520: 9512: 9504: 9467: 9457: 9414: 9406: 9324: 9287: 9237: 9229: 9221: 9182: 9172: 9042: 9032: 8988: 8978: 8934: 8926: 8918: 8878: 8868: 8829: 8821: 8773: 8732: 8724: 8677: 8622: 8614: 8572: 8562: 8525:Press. 8510: 8500: 8492: 8396: 8347: 8298: 8252: 8242: 8153: 8143: 8062: 8020: 8010: 8002: 7929: 7919: 7911: 7870: 7862: 7816: 7808: 7800: 7697: 7655: 7626: 7599: 7591: 7556: 7519: 7485: 7477: 7427: 7419: 7411: 7374:486057 7372: 7364: 7329: 7248: 7178: 7168: 7090: 7049: 7031: 6981: 6933: 6898: 6857: 6813: 6803: 6745: 6737: 6655: 6600: 6592: 6535: 6483: 6318: 6229: 6146: 6138: 6070: 6060: 6011: 5976: 5949: 5941: 5906: 5876: 5804: 5796: 5727: 5719: 5655: 5611: 5565: 5519: 5490: 5447: 5412: 5383: 5356: 5301: 5293: 5231: 5223: 5178: 5137: 5098: 5065: 5016: 4981: 4973: 4881: 4852: 4786: 4682: 4672: 4631: 4594: 4586: 4551: 4541: 4511: 4474: 4434: 4373: 4288: 4158: 4130: 4059: 4049: 3822: 3786: 3691: 3646: 3620:DSM-IV 3564: 3526: 3490: 3482: 3338: 3294: 3286: 3247: 3206: 3177: 3142: 3134: 3080: 3070: 3062: 3021: 3013: 2840:, the 2715:stress 2337:, and 2138:5-HIAA 2033:cortex 2024:, and 2022:insula 1997:limbic 1563:DT-MRI 1367:, the 1194:affect 1148:regret 1091:sadism 1014:et al. 741:and a 609:psycho 554:Koch's 523:(Thus 517:patho- 495:pathos 485:psyche 483:words 450:insane 398:. The 362:, and 352:traits 230:Causes 158: 86:(film) 14932:Lying 14665:Types 14657:Abuse 14151:QAnon 13809:Korea 13766:India 13668:China 13582:Ebola 13098:Types 12626:S2CID 12509:S2CID 12468:(PDF) 12435:(PDF) 12338:(PDF) 12331:(PDF) 11791:S2CID 11728:(PDF) 11717:S2CID 11681:(PDF) 11405:S2CID 10853:S2CID 10767:S2CID 10317:S2CID 10268:S2CID 9928:S2CID 9800:(1). 9518:S2CID 9412:S2CID 9335:(PDF) 9314:(PDF) 9235:S2CID 9051:(PDF) 9008:(PDF) 8932:S2CID 8827:S2CID 8730:S2CID 8631:(PDF) 8620:S2CID 8592:(PDF) 8405:(PDF) 8394:S2CID 8374:(PDF) 8356:(PDF) 8323:(PDF) 8098:(PDF) 8083:(PDF) 7868:S2CID 7814:S2CID 7597:S2CID 7425:S2CID 7370:S2CID 7327:S2CID 6884:Wiley 6664:(PDF) 6631:(PDF) 6598:S2CID 6227:JSTOR 6144:S2CID 6009:S2CID 5947:S2CID 5802:S2CID 5725:S2CID 5559:Wiley 5488:S2CID 5342:Wiley 5310:(PDF) 5299:S2CID 5265:(PDF) 5240:(PDF) 5229:S2CID 5043:(PDF) 4592:S2CID 4453:(PDF) 4393:(PDF) 4336:(PDF) 4107:7 Sep 3784:S2CID 3488:S2CID 3140:S2CID 2870:guilt 2798:Bible 2790:Greek 2599:Wales 2542:Legal 2360:, or 2346:panic 2248:—the 2173:Tools 1664:Cause 1507:DSM-5 1443:blame 1361:guilt 1318:PCL-R 1137:mania 1019:taxon 999:taxon 754:Pinel 694:that 637:socio 606:term 604:slang 500:πάθος 481:Greek 331:, or 279:, or 74:, or 14458:Bold 13992:2020 13987:2018 13982:2016 13363:Spin 13264:Hoax 13149:list 13084:and 12890:ISBN 12864:ISBN 12853:ISBN 12830:ISBN 12805:ISBN 12780:ISBN 12760:ISBN 12743:ISBN 12729:ISBN 12708:ISBN 12618:PMID 12457:PMID 12289:ISBN 12240:PMID 12222:ISSN 12210:2020 12183:PMID 12138:2013 12101:2014 12083:ISBN 12062:2016 11996:ISBN 11978:2016 11945:2016 11915:2016 11899:PMID 11852:ISBN 11826:2016 11783:PMID 11775:ISSN 11709:PMID 11701:ISSN 11659:PMID 11641:ISSN 11600:PMID 11526:PMID 11477:PMID 11397:PMID 11358:PMID 11319:ISBN 11293:PMID 11239:ISBN 11204:PMID 11166:PMID 11124:ISBN 11088:PMID 11070:ISSN 10971:PMID 10953:ISSN 10889:help 10845:PMID 10759:PMID 10701:PMID 10683:ISSN 10598:News 10565:News 10513:PMID 10437:PMID 10386:PMID 10368:ISSN 10333:2016 10309:PMID 10260:PMID 10252:ISSN 10215:PMID 10197:ISSN 10158:PMID 10107:PMID 10069:PMID 10018:PMID 9969:ISBN 9946:link 9920:PMID 9885:PMID 9836:PMID 9737:PMID 9702:PMID 9694:ISSN 9659:PMID 9610:PMID 9573:PMID 9510:PMID 9502:ISSN 9465:PMID 9404:PMID 9343:2016 9322:ISBN 9285:ISSN 9227:PMID 9219:ISSN 9180:PMID 9133:2016 9040:PMID 8986:PMID 8924:PMID 8916:ISSN 8876:PMID 8819:PMID 8771:PMID 8722:PMID 8675:PMID 8612:PMID 8570:PMID 8508:PMID 8490:ISSN 8413:2020 8345:PMID 8296:PMID 8250:PMID 8202:2013 8169:link 8151:PMID 8106:2014 8060:ISBN 8018:PMID 8000:ISSN 7927:PMID 7909:ISSN 7860:ISSN 7806:PMID 7798:ISSN 7761:2014 7730:2014 7695:PMID 7653:ISBN 7624:ISBN 7589:PMID 7554:PMID 7517:ISBN 7483:PMID 7475:ISSN 7417:PMID 7409:ISSN 7362:PMID 7262:2023 7246:ISSN 7211:2011 7176:PMID 7088:PMID 7047:PMID 6979:ISBN 6931:ISBN 6896:PMID 6855:PMID 6811:PMID 6759:2016 6743:PMID 6735:ISSN 6653:PMID 6590:PMID 6549:2016 6533:PMID 6481:ISBN 6358:2016 6316:PMID 6276:2019 6243:2016 6181:here 6136:PMID 6098:2010 6068:PMID 5974:PMID 5939:PMID 5904:PMID 5874:ISBN 5794:PMID 5762:261. 5752:340. 5717:PMID 5653:ISBN 5609:ISBN 5563:ISBN 5517:ISBN 5445:ISBN 5410:ISBN 5381:ISBN 5354:PMID 5291:PMID 5221:PMID 5176:PMID 5135:PMID 5096:ISBN 5063:ISSN 5014:ISBN 4979:PMID 4971:ISSN 4879:ISBN 4850:ISBN 4784:ISBN 4680:PMID 4629:PMID 4584:PMID 4549:OCLC 4539:ISBN 4509:PMID 4472:ISBN 4432:PMID 4371:ISSN 4286:PMID 4156:ISBN 4128:ISBN 4109:2013 4057:PMID 3955:2012 3922:2012 3889:2012 3859:2011 3820:ISBN 3744:2013 3707:2014 3689:ISBN 3644:PMID 3562:ISBN 3524:ISBN 3480:PMID 3336:ISSN 3292:PMID 3284:ISSN 3245:ISSN 3204:ISBN 3175:ISBN 3132:PMID 3078:PMID 3060:ISSN 3019:PMID 3011:ISSN 2966:2024 2862:envy 2858:evil 2848:and 2836:and 2792:and 2597:and 2373:ADHD 2348:and 2028:and 2008:and 1895:and 1829:The 1632:and 1624:and 1622:pain 1614:fear 1608:and 1594:cues 1531:and 1505:The 1499:ADHD 1433:and 1347:The 1196:and 1158:and 866:was 698:and 666:and 602:The 490:ψυχή 402:and 370:and 346:and 322:Poor 312:None 214:and 13044:in 13019:NPR 12610:doi 12501:doi 12449:doi 12402:doi 12371:doi 12230:PMC 12214:doi 12173:PMC 12165:doi 11891:doi 11767:doi 11693:doi 11649:PMC 11631:doi 11592:doi 11559:doi 11516:PMC 11508:doi 11504:207 11467:PMC 11457:doi 11389:doi 11350:doi 11285:doi 11231:doi 11196:doi 11158:doi 11078:PMC 11060:doi 10961:PMC 10945:doi 10837:doi 10751:doi 10691:PMC 10503:PMC 10495:doi 10491:185 10464:doi 10427:PMC 10419:doi 10376:PMC 10360:doi 10301:doi 10244:doi 10205:PMC 10189:doi 10148:PMC 10140:doi 10099:doi 10059:PMC 10051:doi 10010:doi 9996:133 9912:doi 9875:PMC 9867:doi 9828:doi 9729:doi 9686:doi 9682:142 9649:PMC 9641:doi 9637:174 9602:doi 9565:doi 9494:doi 9490:141 9455:PMC 9445:doi 9396:doi 9277:doi 9273:105 9211:doi 9170:PMC 9162:doi 9083:doi 9030:PMC 9022:doi 9018:121 8976:PMC 8968:doi 8908:doi 8866:PMC 8858:doi 8811:doi 8807:162 8763:doi 8759:111 8714:doi 8665:doi 8661:182 8604:doi 8560:PMC 8552:doi 8548:142 8498:PMC 8482:doi 8386:doi 8337:doi 8286:doi 8240:PMC 8232:doi 8228:363 8141:PMC 8133:doi 8056:659 8008:PMC 7992:doi 7917:PMC 7901:doi 7897:173 7852:doi 7790:doi 7687:doi 7581:doi 7546:doi 7467:doi 7401:doi 7354:doi 7319:doi 7290:doi 7238:doi 7166:PMC 7156:doi 7080:doi 7039:doi 7021:136 6923:doi 6888:doi 6847:doi 6839:111 6801:PMC 6793:doi 6727:doi 6645:doi 6582:doi 6525:doi 6306:doi 6302:188 6219:doi 6128:doi 6124:143 6058:PMC 6048:doi 6036:113 6001:doi 5931:doi 5786:doi 5709:doi 5682:doi 5480:doi 5346:doi 5283:doi 5275:115 5213:doi 5205:115 5168:doi 5160:113 5127:doi 5088:doi 5055:doi 5006:doi 4963:doi 4846:126 4670:PMC 4662:doi 4658:309 4653:BMJ 4621:doi 4576:doi 4501:doi 4424:doi 4363:doi 4359:164 4047:PMC 4039:doi 3981:or 3776:doi 3636:doi 3632:100 3472:doi 3328:doi 3276:doi 3237:doi 3124:doi 3068:PMC 3050:doi 3001:hdl 2993:doi 2989:130 2876:or 2815:or 2593:In 2527:FDA 2521:or 2477:of 2140:(a 2132:(a 2130:HVA 2035:". 1981:MRI 1612:of 1359:or 1150:or 1003:PPI 507:as 435:or 400:DSM 392:DSM 354:of 206:or 45:on 15009:: 13565:5G 13021:. 13017:. 13013:. 12939:: 12845:, 12803:. 12716:. 12706:. 12667:. 12663:. 12624:. 12616:. 12606:28 12604:. 12534:27 12532:. 12507:. 12497:11 12495:. 12483:^ 12463:. 12455:. 12445:32 12443:. 12437:. 12408:. 12398:11 12396:. 12392:. 12367:18 12365:. 12318:^ 12297:. 12283:. 12238:. 12228:. 12220:. 12208:. 12204:. 12181:. 12171:. 12161:19 12159:. 12155:. 12128:. 12124:. 12118:. 12091:. 12048:. 12022:. 12016:. 11968:. 11962:. 11931:. 11905:. 11897:. 11885:. 11879:. 11834:^ 11816:. 11812:. 11789:. 11781:. 11773:. 11761:. 11743:^ 11723:. 11715:. 11707:. 11699:. 11689:85 11687:. 11683:. 11657:. 11647:. 11639:. 11625:. 11621:. 11598:. 11588:49 11586:. 11567:. 11555:16 11553:. 11547:. 11524:. 11514:. 11502:. 11498:. 11475:. 11465:. 11455:. 11445:10 11443:. 11437:. 11411:. 11403:. 11395:. 11385:36 11383:. 11379:. 11356:. 11346:42 11344:. 11305:^ 11291:. 11281:99 11279:. 11247:. 11237:. 11225:. 11202:. 11192:27 11190:. 11178:^ 11164:. 11154:36 11132:. 11118:. 11100:^ 11086:. 11076:. 11068:. 11054:. 11050:. 11024:. 11020:. 10995:. 10991:. 10969:. 10959:. 10951:. 10941:26 10939:. 10935:. 10909:. 10905:. 10880:: 10878:}} 10874:{{ 10851:. 10843:. 10833:18 10831:. 10811:. 10765:. 10757:. 10747:48 10745:. 10726:. 10722:. 10699:. 10689:. 10679:51 10677:. 10673:. 10659:^ 10600:. 10596:. 10567:. 10563:. 10534:. 10511:. 10501:. 10489:. 10485:. 10460:12 10458:. 10435:. 10425:. 10415:13 10413:. 10407:. 10384:. 10374:. 10366:. 10356:37 10354:. 10350:. 10323:. 10315:. 10307:. 10297:37 10295:. 10289:. 10266:. 10258:. 10250:. 10240:17 10238:. 10213:. 10203:. 10195:. 10185:26 10183:. 10179:. 10156:. 10146:. 10136:40 10134:. 10128:. 10105:. 10095:58 10093:. 10067:. 10057:. 10047:35 10045:. 10039:. 10016:. 10008:. 9994:. 9942:}} 9938:{{ 9926:. 9908:17 9906:. 9883:. 9873:. 9863:21 9861:. 9857:. 9834:. 9824:31 9822:. 9810:^ 9796:. 9792:. 9735:. 9725:39 9723:. 9700:. 9692:. 9680:. 9657:. 9647:. 9635:. 9631:. 9608:. 9598:26 9596:. 9571:. 9561:50 9559:. 9516:. 9508:. 9500:. 9488:. 9463:. 9453:. 9439:. 9433:. 9410:. 9402:. 9390:. 9364:. 9360:. 9297:^ 9283:. 9271:. 9267:. 9241:. 9233:. 9225:. 9217:. 9207:14 9205:. 9201:. 9178:. 9168:. 9158:23 9156:. 9150:. 9119:. 9079:16 9077:. 9059:^ 9046:. 9038:. 9028:. 9016:. 9010:. 8984:. 8974:. 8962:. 8956:. 8944:^ 8930:. 8922:. 8914:. 8904:36 8902:. 8888:^ 8874:. 8864:. 8852:. 8848:. 8825:. 8817:. 8805:. 8777:. 8769:. 8757:. 8751:. 8728:. 8720:. 8710:29 8708:. 8687:^ 8673:. 8659:. 8655:. 8639:^ 8626:. 8618:. 8610:. 8600:57 8598:. 8594:. 8568:. 8558:. 8546:. 8542:. 8530:^ 8506:. 8496:. 8488:. 8478:66 8476:. 8470:. 8453:16 8451:. 8400:. 8392:. 8382:41 8380:. 8376:. 8351:. 8343:. 8331:. 8325:. 8308:^ 8294:. 8282:14 8280:. 8274:. 8262:^ 8248:. 8238:. 8226:. 8222:. 8210:^ 8188:. 8177:^ 8165:}} 8161:{{ 8149:. 8139:. 8129:77 8127:. 8123:. 8089:. 8085:. 8058:. 8016:. 8006:. 7998:. 7988:58 7986:. 7980:. 7950:. 7939:^ 7925:. 7915:. 7907:. 7895:. 7889:. 7866:. 7858:. 7848:34 7846:. 7820:. 7812:. 7804:. 7796:. 7786:33 7784:. 7778:. 7751:. 7747:. 7720:. 7716:. 7693:. 7683:28 7681:. 7667:^ 7647:. 7618:. 7595:. 7587:. 7577:23 7575:. 7552:. 7542:28 7540:. 7489:. 7481:. 7473:. 7463:25 7461:. 7457:. 7431:. 7423:. 7415:. 7407:. 7397:16 7395:. 7391:. 7368:. 7360:. 7350:27 7348:. 7325:. 7315:36 7313:. 7286:14 7284:. 7270:^ 7252:. 7244:. 7234:14 7232:. 7228:. 7201:. 7197:. 7174:. 7164:. 7154:. 7138:. 7132:. 7109:. 7086:. 7072:31 7070:. 7045:. 7037:. 7019:. 6987:. 6969:. 6939:. 6929:. 6894:. 6880:33 6878:. 6853:. 6837:. 6823:^ 6809:. 6799:. 6785:63 6783:. 6779:. 6767:^ 6749:. 6741:. 6733:. 6719:32 6717:. 6711:. 6685:. 6681:. 6659:. 6651:. 6641:76 6639:. 6633:. 6614:^ 6604:. 6596:. 6588:. 6574:48 6572:. 6566:. 6539:. 6531:. 6517:32 6515:. 6509:. 6495:^ 6449:. 6443:. 6432:^ 6415:. 6411:. 6400:^ 6377:. 6366:^ 6348:. 6344:. 6340:. 6328:^ 6314:. 6300:. 6296:. 6284:^ 6266:. 6262:. 6251:^ 6233:. 6225:. 6215:43 6213:. 6207:. 6195:^ 6172:^ 6156:^ 6142:. 6134:. 6122:. 6106:^ 6089:. 6066:. 6056:. 6046:. 6034:. 6030:. 6007:. 5997:26 5995:. 5970:27 5968:. 5945:. 5937:. 5927:48 5925:. 5900:32 5898:. 5808:. 5800:. 5792:. 5782:21 5780:. 5776:. 5723:. 5715:. 5705:24 5703:. 5678:47 5676:. 5617:. 5571:. 5525:. 5486:. 5472:36 5470:. 5424:^ 5352:. 5338:83 5336:. 5305:. 5297:. 5289:. 5273:. 5267:. 5235:. 5227:. 5219:. 5203:. 5197:. 5174:. 5158:. 5133:. 5123:62 5121:. 5094:. 5061:. 5051:24 5049:. 5045:. 5012:, 4977:. 4969:. 4957:. 4953:. 4930:^ 4908:^ 4887:. 4873:. 4848:. 4778:. 4746:. 4720:^ 4700:. 4678:. 4668:. 4656:. 4650:. 4627:. 4617:34 4615:. 4590:. 4582:. 4572:10 4570:. 4547:. 4521:^ 4507:. 4497:14 4495:. 4430:. 4418:. 4414:. 4395:. 4369:. 4357:. 4353:. 4311:. 4280:, 4211:^ 4178:. 4142:^ 4077:. 4055:. 4045:. 4035:34 4033:. 4029:. 3997:^ 3963:^ 3941:. 3930:^ 3908:. 3897:^ 3875:. 3845:. 3834:^ 3818:. 3816:22 3782:. 3768:32 3766:. 3752:^ 3734:. 3730:. 3719:^ 3697:. 3667:^ 3650:. 3642:. 3630:. 3624:. 3596:13 3594:. 3588:. 3560:. 3556:. 3538:^ 3504:^ 3494:. 3486:. 3478:. 3464:12 3462:. 3456:. 3348:^ 3334:. 3318:. 3290:. 3282:. 3272:28 3270:. 3266:. 3243:. 3233:47 3231:. 3227:. 3152:^ 3138:. 3130:. 3116:21 3114:. 3090:^ 3076:. 3066:. 3058:. 3046:14 3044:. 3040:. 3017:. 3009:. 2999:. 2987:. 2983:. 2956:. 2952:. 2927:. 2880:. 2872:, 2796:, 2780:, 2721:, 2717:, 2713:, 2709:, 2582:. 2517:, 2392:. 2383:. 2364:. 2344:, 2333:, 2329:, 2325:, 2208:. 2055:. 2020:, 2016:, 2004:, 1620:, 1616:, 1604:, 1578:IQ 1437:. 1429:, 1363:, 1139:, 1127:, 1119:, 1009:. 599:. 591:, 428:. 358:, 275:, 267:, 263:, 259:, 222:, 218:, 198:, 194:, 178:, 174:, 130:aɪ 70:, 66:, 41:, 14649:e 14642:t 14635:v 14410:e 14403:t 14396:v 13879:/ 13858:) 13854:( 13151:) 13147:( 13074:e 13067:t 13060:v 12919:D 12898:. 12880:. 12870:. 12859:. 12838:. 12813:. 12768:. 12678:. 12650:. 12642:a 12632:. 12612:: 12568:. 12553:. 12515:. 12503:: 12477:. 12451:: 12419:. 12404:: 12377:. 12373:: 12347:. 12312:. 12246:. 12216:: 12189:. 12167:: 12140:. 12103:. 12064:. 12033:. 12002:. 11980:. 11947:. 11917:. 11893:: 11887:2 11860:. 11828:. 11797:. 11769:: 11763:7 11737:. 11695:: 11665:. 11633:: 11627:4 11606:. 11594:: 11561:: 11532:. 11510:: 11483:. 11459:: 11451:: 11422:. 11391:: 11364:. 11352:: 11327:. 11299:. 11287:: 11262:. 11233:: 11210:. 11198:: 11172:. 11160:: 11094:. 11062:: 11056:6 11035:. 11006:. 10977:. 10947:: 10920:. 10891:) 10887:( 10859:. 10839:: 10815:. 10773:. 10753:: 10707:. 10615:. 10582:. 10549:. 10519:. 10497:: 10470:. 10466:: 10443:. 10421:: 10392:. 10362:: 10335:. 10303:: 10274:. 10246:: 10221:. 10191:: 10164:. 10142:: 10113:. 10101:: 10075:. 10053:: 10024:. 10012:: 9977:. 9948:) 9934:. 9914:: 9891:. 9869:: 9842:. 9830:: 9798:1 9743:. 9731:: 9708:. 9688:: 9665:. 9643:: 9616:. 9604:: 9579:. 9567:: 9524:. 9496:: 9471:. 9447:: 9441:3 9418:. 9398:: 9392:4 9375:. 9345:. 9291:. 9279:: 9252:. 9213:: 9186:. 9164:: 9135:. 9089:. 9085:: 9024:: 8992:. 8970:: 8964:7 8938:. 8910:: 8882:. 8860:: 8854:9 8833:. 8813:: 8788:. 8765:: 8736:. 8716:: 8681:. 8667:: 8606:: 8576:. 8554:: 8514:. 8484:: 8415:. 8388:: 8339:: 8333:4 8302:. 8288:: 8256:. 8234:: 8204:. 8171:) 8157:. 8135:: 8108:. 8068:. 8024:. 7994:: 7965:. 7933:. 7903:: 7874:. 7854:: 7831:. 7792:: 7763:. 7732:. 7701:. 7689:: 7661:. 7632:. 7603:. 7583:: 7560:. 7548:: 7525:. 7500:. 7469:: 7442:. 7403:: 7376:. 7356:: 7333:. 7321:: 7296:. 7292:: 7264:. 7240:: 7213:. 7182:. 7158:: 7150:: 7140:8 7094:. 7082:: 7053:. 7041:: 7002:. 6954:. 6925:: 6902:. 6890:: 6861:. 6849:: 6817:. 6795:: 6761:. 6729:: 6696:. 6647:: 6584:: 6551:. 6527:: 6489:. 6460:. 6426:. 6394:. 6360:. 6322:. 6308:: 6278:. 6245:. 6221:: 6190:. 6150:. 6130:: 6100:. 6074:. 6050:: 6042:: 6015:. 6003:: 5980:. 5953:. 5933:: 5910:. 5882:. 5819:. 5788:: 5731:. 5711:: 5688:. 5684:: 5661:. 5632:. 5586:. 5540:. 5494:. 5482:: 5453:. 5418:. 5389:. 5360:. 5348:: 5319:. 5285:: 5249:. 5215:: 5182:. 5170:: 5141:. 5129:: 5104:. 5090:: 5069:. 5057:: 5008:: 4985:. 4965:: 4959:4 4924:. 4902:. 4858:. 4792:. 4763:. 4686:. 4664:: 4635:. 4623:: 4598:. 4578:: 4555:. 4515:. 4503:: 4480:. 4455:. 4438:. 4426:: 4420:7 4399:. 4377:. 4365:: 4338:. 4321:. 4164:. 4136:. 4111:. 4063:. 4041:: 3957:. 3924:. 3891:. 3861:. 3828:. 3790:. 3778:: 3746:. 3713:. 3661:. 3638:: 3570:. 3532:. 3474:: 3342:. 3330:: 3320:1 3298:. 3278:: 3251:. 3239:: 3212:. 3183:. 3146:. 3126:: 3084:. 3052:: 3025:. 3003:: 2995:: 2968:. 2937:. 1995:- 1991:- 1820:) 1814:( 1809:) 1805:( 1801:. 1767:. 1553:— 909:( 896:— 780:( 497:( 487:( 390:( 154:/ 151:i 148:θ 145:ə 142:p 139:ɒ 136:k 133:ˈ 127:s 124:/ 99:. 92:. 78:. 49:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index