Pterodactylus - Knowledge

12979: 13126: 1437: 1345: 5557: 2023: 1093: 744: 960: 890: 11746: 13416: 10548: 2710: 1762: 1257: 159: 1172: 2185: 1866: 2499: 1026:. Sömmerring did not change his opinion that these forms were bats and this "bat model" for interpreting pterosaurs would remain influential long after a consensus had been reached around 1860 that they were reptiles. The standard assumptions were that pterosaurs were quadrupedal, clumsy on the ground, furred, warmblooded and had a wing membrane reaching the ankle. Some of these elements have been confirmed, some refuted by modern research, while others remain disputed. 10554: 2315: 851: 133: 1933: 9931: 11762: 12986: 8357: 9936: 2144: 2003: 9390: 13440: 12992: 9398: 13428: 2028: 2268: 1953: 9405: 11754: 8343: 2943: 832:. The actual date of the specimen's discovery and entry into the collection is unknown however, and it was not mentioned in a catalogue of the collection taken in 1767, so it must have been acquired at some point between that date and its 1784 description by Collini. This makes it potentially the earliest documented pterosaur find; the "Pester Exemplar" of the genus 3031:, such as different lengths of neck vertebrae, thinner or thicker teeth, more rounded skulls, and how far the teeth extended back in the jaws, were significant enough to separate them into three distinct species. Vidovic and Martill also performed a phylogenetic analysis which treated all relevant specimens as distinct units, and found that the 926:, including the first known life restoration of a pterosaur. Hermann restored the animal with wing membranes extending from the long fourth finger to the ankle and a covering of fur (neither wing membranes nor fur had been preserved in the specimen). Hermann also added a membrane between the neck and wrist, as is the condition in 1315:

specimens can be divided into two distinct year classes. In the first year class, the skulls are only 15 to 45 millimeters (0.59 to 1.77 in) in length. The second year class is characterized by skulls of around 55 to 95 millimeters (2.2 to 3.7 in) long, but are still immature however. These

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was a relatively small pterosaur, with an estimated adult wingspan of about 1.04 meters (3 ft 5 in), based on the only known adult specimen, which is represented by an isolated skull. Other "species" were once thought to have been smaller. However, these smaller specimens have been shown to

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would have been produced seasonally, and reached 2nd-year size by the time the next generation hatched, creating distinct 'clumps' of similarly-sized and aged individuals in the fossil record. The smallest size class probably consisted of individuals that had just begun to fly and were less than one

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In 2017, Bennett challenged this hypothesis, he claimed that while Vidovic and Martill had identified real differences between these three groups of specimens, they had not provided any rationale that the differences were enough to distinguish them as species, rather than just individual variation,

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specimens can vary considerably based on age or level of maturity. Both the proportions of the limb bones, size and shape of the skull, and size and number of teeth changed as the animals grew. Historically, this has led to various growth stages (including growth stages of related pterosaurs) being

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were long and thin, with about 90 narrow and conical teeth. The teeth extended back from the tips of both jaws, and became smaller farther away from the jaw tips. This was unlike the ones seen in most relatives, where teeth were absent in the upper jaw tip and were relatively uniform in size. The

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oder über das unbekannten Thier der Vorwelt, dessen Fossiles Gerippe Collini im 5. Bande der Actorum Academiae Theodoro-Palatinae nebst einer Abbildung in natürlicher Grösse im Jahre 1784 beschrieb, und welches Gerippe sich gegenwärtig in der Naturalien-Sammlung der königlichen Akademie der

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In his first description of the Mannheim specimen, Collini did not conclude that it was a flying animal. In fact, Collini could not fathom what kind of animal it might have been, rejecting affinities with the birds or the bats. He speculated that it may have been a sea creature, not for any

2967:. However, most studies between 1995 and 2010 found little reason to separate even these two species, and treated them as synonymous. More recent studies of pterosaur relationships have found anurognathids and pterodactyloids to be sister groups, which would limit the more inclusive group 976:, who gave a public lecture about it on December 27, 1810. In January 1811, von Sömmerring wrote a letter to Cuvier deploring the fact that he had only recently been informed of Cuvier's request for information. His lecture was published in 1812, and in it von Sömmerring named the species 1222:) have a low bony crest on their skulls; in BMMS 7 it is 47.5 mm long (1.87 inches, more or less 24% of the estimated total length of its skull) and has a maximum height of 0.9 mm (0.035 inches) above the orbit. Several specimens previously referred to 6967:

Young, Mark T.; Brusatte, Stephen L.; de Andrade, Marco Brandalise; Desojo, Julia B.; Beatty, Brian L.; Steel, Lorna; Fernández, Marta S.; Sakamoto, Manabu; Ruiz-Omeñaca, Jose Ignacio; Schoch, Rainer R. (September 18, 2012). Butler, Richard J. (ed.).

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was described in 1779 and possibly discovered earlier than the Mannheim specimen, but it was at first considered to be a fossilized crustacean, and it was not until 1856 that this species was properly described as a pterosaur by German paleontologist

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anatomical reason, but because he thought the ocean depths were more likely to have housed unknown types of animals. The idea that pterosaurs were aquatic animals persisted among a minority of scientists as late as 1830, when the German zoologist

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Brandalise de Andrade, Marco; Young, Mark T.; Desojo, Julia B.; Brusatte, Stephen L. (2010). "The evolution of extreme hypercarnivory in Metriorhynchidae (Mesoeucrocodylia: Thalattosuchia) based on evidence from microscopic denticle morphology".

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had obtained a general exemption of confiscation for the Bavarian collections. Cuvier asked von Moll to study the fossil but was informed it could not be found. In 1809 Cuvier published a somewhat longer description, in which he named the animal

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were age-related, and using mathematical comparison to show that the two forms are different growth stages of the same species. An additional review of the specimens published in 2013 demonstrated that some of the supposed differences between

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preserved evidence of the soft tissue extensions of these crests, including an "occipital lappet", a flexible, tab-like structure extending from the back of the skull. Most of these specimens have been reclassified in the related species

930:. Cuvier agreed with this interpretation, and at Hermann's suggestion, Cuvier became the first to publish these ideas in December 1800 in a very short description. However, contrary to Hermann, Cuvier was convinced the animal was a 2362:

about several distinct fossil specimens, Sömmerring thought that they belonged to an ancient bird. Further fossil preparations had uncovered teeth, to which Graf zu Münster created a skull cast. He later sent the cast to Professor

2343:". Even after clearly different forms had later been given their own generic name, new species would be created from the very productive sites, throughout Europe and North America, often based on only slightly different material. 6138:

Cuvier, G. (1812). "Article V – Sur le squelette fossile d'un reptile volant des environs d'Aichstedt, que quelques naturalistes ont pris pour un oiseau et dont nous formons un genre de sauriens, sous le nom de ptéro-dactyle".

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systematically seized art treasures and objects of scientific interest. Hermann sent Cuvier a letter containing his own interpretation of the specimen (though he had not examined it personally), which he believed to be a

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Lane, Jennifer A.; Ebert, Martin (2015). "A taxonomic reassessment of Ophiopsis (Halecomorphi, Ionoscopiformes), with a revision of Upper Jurassic species from the Solnhofen Archipelago, and a new genus of Ophiopsidae".

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that it would have been a shore bird. Cuvier remarked: "It is not possible to doubt that the long finger served to support a membrane that, by lengthening the anterior extremity of this animal, formed a good wing."

5631:, the son of the author, described the flying monsters as "Nazgûl-birds"; his father described the appearance of the steeds as somewhat "pterodactylic", and acknowledged that these were obviously "new mythology". 2823:

had been based on juvenile specimens, and subsequently been recognized as immature individuals of other species or genera. By the 1990s it was understood that this was even true for part of the remaining species.

2543:, in honor of the French scientist Georges Cuvier. Later in 1851, Owen named and described new pterosaur specimens that have been found yet again in England. He assigned these specimens to a new species called 7036: 6077:"Mémoire sur le squelette fossile d'un reptile volant des environs d'Aichstedt, que quelques naturalistes ont pris pour un oiseau, et dont nous formons un genre de Sauriens, sous le nom de Petro-Dactyle" 2740:, which Marsh assumed that these teeth belonged to the pterosaur specimens he found, since all pterosaurs discovered at the time had teeth. He then assigned these specimens to a new species called 6340:

Catalogue of Fossil Reptilia and Amphibia in the British Museum (Natural History). Part I. Containing the Orders Ornithosauria, Crocodilia, Dinosauria, Squamata, Rhynchocephalia and Pterosauria

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year old. The second year class represents individuals one to two years old, and the rare third year class is composed of specimens over two years old. This growth pattern is similar to modern

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Padian, K. (1987). "The case of the bat-winged pterosaur. Typological taxonomy and the influence of pictorial representation on scientific perception". In Czerkas, S. J.; Olson, E. C. (eds.).

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Bestwick, J., Unwin, D.M., Butler, R.J. et al. Dietary diversity and evolution of the earliest flying vertebrates revealed by dental microwear texture analysis. Nat Commun 11, 5293 (2020).

1320:, until further study showed that even the supposed "adults" were immature, and possibly belong to a distinct genus. A third year class is represented by specimens of the "traditional" 2399:, which was first mentioned by Graf zu Münster himself. Another specimen was found and described by Graf zu Münster in 1839, he assigned this specimen to a new separate species called 6142:

Recherches sur les ossemens fossiles de quadrupèdes : où l'on rétablit les caractères de plusieurs espèces d'animaux que les révolutions du globe paroissent avoir détruites

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is regarded as one of the most iconic prehistoric creatures, with multiple appearances in books, movies, as well as television series and several videogames. The informal name "

6945: 3019:. However, in 2014, two scientists began publishing research that challenged this paradigm. Steven Vidovic and David Martill concluded that differences between specimens of 7126:

Lambers, Paul H. (1999). "The actinopterygian fish fauna of the Late Kimmeridgian and Early Tithonian 'Plattenkalke' near Solnhofen (Bavaria, Germany): state of the art".

7846:"Index to the fossil remains of Aves, Ornithosauria, and Reptilia, from the Secondary System of Strata, arranged in the Woodwardian Museum of the University of Cambridge" 939: 6100:à l'animal, d'après la longueur de l'extrémité antérieure, une aile bien plus puissante que celle du dragon, et au moins égale en force à celle de la chauve-souris." 3119:). The following list includes names that were used to identify new pterosaur species that now have been reclassified, or until recently thought to be pertaining to 1004:, named for its short snout, now understood to be a juvenile character (this specimen is now thought to represent a juvenile specimen of a different genus, probably 2646:. Later, in 1861, Owen had uncovered multiple distinctively looking fossil remains yet again in the Cambridge Greensand, these were assigned to a new species named 2440: 1207: 7059: 6261:. Vol. 2. Los Angeles: Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County in association with University of Washington Press, Seattle and London. pp. 65–81. 1010:). He provided a restoration of the skeleton, the first one published for any pterosaur. This restoration was very inaccurate, von Sömmerring mistaking the long 3069:, which was so different from the data for related species, it might be due to an unnatural assemblage of specimens. As a result, Bennett continued to consider 1286:. Several detailed studies using various methods to measure growth curves among known specimens have suggested that there is actually only one valid species of 6714: 1214:

extended backward behind the skull; Bennett himself, however, didn't find any evidence for the crest extending past the back of the skull. Two specimens of

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have gone through a number of changes in classification and thus have acquired a large number of synonyms. Additionally, a number of species assigned to

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growth changes, or simply due to crushing and distortion during the fossilization process. Bennett pointed in particular to the data used to distinguish

2488: 1206:, indicating that this was a display structure that became larger and more well developed as individuals reached maturity. In 2013, pterosaur researcher 8412: 7824:

Martill, David. (2010). The early history of pterosaur discovery in Great Britain. Geological Society of London, Special Publications. 343. 287–311.

6805: 6970:"The Cranial Osteology and Feeding Ecology of the Metriorhynchid Crocodylomorph Genera Dakosaurus and Plesiosuchus from the Late Jurassic of Europe" 6117:

Wissenschaften zu München befindet: vorgelesen in der mathematisch-physikalischen Classe am 27. Dec. 1810 und Nachtrag vorgelesen am 8. April 1811"

2539:; the specific name means 'the gigantic one' in Latin, in reference to the large size of the remains, and the second species was named in 1851 as 13027: 7431:

Meyer, 1860 (Pterosauria, Pterodactyloidea) from the Upper Jurassic of Bavaria, Germany: The Problem of Cryptic Pterosaur Taxa in Early Ontogeny"

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Natürliches System der Amphibien : mit vorangehender Classification der Säugethiere und Vögel : ein Beitrag zur vergleichenden Zoologie

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Beginning in 2014, researchers Steven Vidovic and David Martill constructed an analysis in which several pterosaurs traditionally thought of as

982:. The animal was described as being both a bat, and a form in between mammals and birds, i.e. not intermediate in descent but in "affinity" or 2863: 659:

had wings formed by a skin and muscle membrane stretching from its elongated fourth finger to its hind limbs. It was supported internally by

5721:"Ammonite biostratigraphy as a tool for dating Upper Jurassic lithographic limestones from South Germany – first results and open questions" 1424:

has long been recognized as a carnivore specializing in small animals. A 2020 study of pterosaur tooth wear supported the hypothesis that

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as well. So, what Bennett considered early growth stages of one species, Vidovic and Martill considered representatives of new species.

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Cuvier, G. (1809), p. 436 : "II n'est guère possible de douter que ce long doigt n'ait servi à supporter une membrane qui formoit

2991:. In a 2004 paper, Jouve used a different method of analysis and recovered the same result, showing that the "distinctive" features of 7921:"A new pterosaur specimen from the Upper Tunbridge Wells Sand Formation (Cretaceous, Valanginian) of southern England and a review of 5965: 3123:

proper, and names based on other material that has as yet not been assigned to other genera. This list also includes species that are

934:. The specimen had not in fact been seized by the French. Rather, in 1802, following the death of Charles Theodore, it was brought to 13383: 7598:

Homoeosaurus maximiliani und Rhamphorhynchus (Pterodactylus) longicaudus: Zwei fossile Reptilien aus dem Kalkschiefer von Solenhofen

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Fastovsky, D.E.; Weishampel, D.B. (2005). "Theropoda I: nature red in tooth and claw". In Fastovsky, D.E.; Weishampel, D.B. (eds.).

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in 1784, based on a fossil skeleton that had been unearthed from the Solnhofen limestone of Bavaria. Collini was the curator of the

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Bennett, S.C. (1996). "Year-classes of pterosaurs from the Solnhofen Limestone of Germany: Taxonomic and Systematic Implications".

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are based on a phylogenetic analysis made by Longrich, Martill, and Andres in 2018. Unlike the previous results above, they placed

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provided a lengthy description in which he restated that the animal was a reptile. It was not until 1817 that a second specimen of

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might be the juvenile form. Stéphane Jouve, Christopher Bennett and others had once suggested that it probably belonged either to

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that contains a wide range of different creatures, including highly detailed fossilized imprints of soft bodied organisms such as

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Table 1: List of actinopterygians from the Solnhofen lithographic limestone – Halecomorphi; 'Amiidae' and 'Ophiopsidae'" (p. 216)

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in 1871 for example, described several toothless pterosaur specimens, which were accompanied by teeth that belonged to the fish

13566: 2672:, while also creating several new species. Many of these species however, are now reclassified to other genera, or considered 13561: 13388: 8391: 8239: 7497: 6788: 6465:(Pterosauria) from the latest Jurassic of eastern France, with a taxonomic revision of European Tithonian Pterodactyloidea". 6266: 2804:(lit. 'toothless wing'), and therefore reassigned all the American pterosaur species, including the ones that he named, from 1096:

Size of the sub-adult holotype (blue) and adult (green) specimens in both flying and standing postures, compared with a human

6540:. Vol. 141. Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Wissenschaftlichen Klasse, Abhandlungen. p. 133. 1198:

and the back of the skull. In at least one specimen, the crest had a short bony base, also seen in related pterosaurs like

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used its long fourth finger to support a wing membrane. Back in March 1800, Hermann alerted the prominent French scientist

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definition, and also possesses a small triangular soft tissue crest with the peak of the crest positioned above the eyes.

13020: 5808:"Late Maastrichtian pterosaurs from North Africa and mass extinction of Pterosauria at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary" 5990:

Taquet, P.; Padian, K. (2004). "The earliest known restoration of a pterosaur and the philosophical origins of Cuvier's

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are based on poor remains that have proven difficult to assign to one species or another and are therefore considered

2862:, named by von Meyer in 1854, based on a large specimen with a long neck and fewer teeth. Many researchers, including 2798:

unearthed the first skull of the pterosaur, and found that the animal was toothless, this made Marsh create the genus

7273: 5925: 3546: 1305:) have a small number of teeth, as few as 15 in some, and the teeth have a relatively broad base. The teeth of other 842: 12978: 2680:. In 1874, further specimens were found in England, again by Owen, these ones were assigned to a new species called 3147:('rejected names') are the ones that have been rejected because a more preferable name had been accepted instead. 1152:

also extended farther back into the jaw compared to close relatives, and some were present below the front of the

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and beyond: The history of giant pterosaurs from 1870 onwards. Geological Society of London Special Publications"

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in the years since its discovery. In the first half of the 19th century any new pterosaur species would be named

1638:. These genera are colloquially called as marine or sea crocodiles due to their similar built. The turtle genera 1428:

preyed mainly on invertebrates and had a generalist feeding strategy, indicated by a relatively high bite force.

7190: 6599: 6478: 6420: 6048:"Extrait d'un ouvrage sur les espèces de quadrupèdes dont on a trouvé les ossemens dans l'intérieur de la terre" 5667:

Zoognosia tabulis synopticis illustrata : in usum praelectionum mperalis Medico-Chirurgicae Mosquenis edita

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is known from over 30 fossil specimens, and though most belong to juveniles, many preserve complete skeletons.

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Kellner, Alexander W. A. (2003). "Pterosaur phylogeny and comments on the evolutionary history of the group".

5623:, introduced as the Black Riders, are nine characters who rode flying monsters that looked similarly built to 6282: 5966:"Sur quelques Zoolithes du Cabinet d'Histoire naturelle de S. A. S. E. Palatine & de Bavière, à Mannheim" 5864:"The history of Late Jurassic pterosaurs housed in Hungarian collections and the revision of the holotype of 4060: 3592: 2756:

by a pterosaur species described with the same name back in 1864 by Seeley. In 1872, American paleontologist

2138: 1038: 562: 2463:) due to the distinctively long tails seen in the specimens found, which are much longer than those seen in 1164:

has is that the skull and jaws were straight, which are unlike the upwardly curved jaws seen in the related

1997: 1807:, or in some cases, fall outside both groups. Their conclusion was published in 2017, in which they placed 1000: 20: 11745: 10547: 6316: 6312: 158: 13147: 13125: 8309: 8295: 5597:, however, conclude that it may even lack a bony cranial crest, though several analysis have proven that 4848: 3531: 2238: 1273: 952: 909:

to the existence of Collini's fossil, believing that it had been captured by the invading forces of the

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also found various pterosaur specimens in North America, he assigned these to two new species known as

1363:, likely bred seasonally and grew consistently during its lifetime. A new generation of 1st year class 965: 9930: 8384: 6286: 5401: 5248: 3690: 3286: 2320: 2121: 785: 761: 755: 7550: 7531: 6140: 1332:

in size. However, all specimens in this third year class also show sign of immaturity. Fully mature

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The only well-known and well-supported species left by the first decades of the 21st century were

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also appeared to be present in the site, as well as fish remains, with many specimens assigned to

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specimens are both narrower and more numerous (up to 90 teeth are present in several specimens).

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Owen, R. 1874. "A Monograph on the Fossil Reptilia of the Mesozoic Formations. 1. Pterosauria."

7711:, with a review of the specimens from the Cambridge Greensand in the Sedgwick Museum, Cambridge" 6187:

Bennett, S. Christopher (2013). "New information on body size and cranial display structures of

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specimen and counterplate (AMNH 1942) showing muscle impressions in the chest and wing membranes

1218:(the holotype specimen BSP AS I 739 and the incomplete skull BMMS 7, the largest known skull of 13521: 13456: 13378: 13322: 13317: 13302: 12886: 11044: 5493: 5320: 5297: 5276: 4583: 4198: 3457: 2221: 821: 797: 553: 12985: 1190:, like related pterosaurs, had a crest on its skull composed mainly of soft tissues. In adult 13516: 13393: 12991: 7516:

Nachtrag zu der Abhandlung des professor Goldfuss ueber den Ornithocephalus Münsteri (Goldf.)

6946:"High diversity of thalattosuchian crocodylians and the niche partition in the Solnhofen Sea" 4900: 4037: 3970: 3952: 3887: 3521: 2819:

had reduced the number of recognized species to about half a dozen. Many species assigned to

2731: 2528: 2364: 1796: 322: 7514: 13332: 13259: 13244: 11753: 11139: 9578: 9488: 9404: 8377: 8080: 7766: 7442: 7380: 7222: 7089: 6981: 6892: 6737: 6567: 6374: 6200: 6047: 6003: 5879: 5769: 5690: 4996: 3409: 2535:. Bowerbank had assigned fossil remains to two new species; the first was named in 1846 as 11761: 1580:, since they were some of the only ones that had them during the Jurassic period. Various 8: 13420: 13327: 13254: 12643: 12332: 12019: 11318: 11245: 9013: 8733: 8314: 6692: 5739: 5628: 4867: 4816: 3713: 3252: 2971:

to just two clades. In 1996, Bennett suggested that the differences between specimens of

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in 1838. However, this group has more recently been given several competing definitions.

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were also found within the limestone, these specimens were related to early evolution of

1453: 1195: 1041:. Unaware of Rafinesque's publication however, Cuvier himself in 1819 latinized the name 918: 863: 614: 8084: 7770: 7446: 7384: 7226: 7093: 6985: 6896: 6741: 6571: 6378: 6204: 6007: 5883: 5773: 5694: 3577: 1436: 13342: 13307: 13060: 12172: 10646: 10489: 9632: 9435: 9422: 9336: 9178: 8809: 8784: 8212: 8173: 8138: 8096: 8026: 7944: 7789: 7754: 7672: 7637: 7465: 7426: 7404: 7325: 7290: 7246: 7153: 7012: 6969: 6926: 6753: 6657: 6591: 6482: 6432: 6424: 6306: 6216: 5895: 5834: 5807: 5785: 5698: 5556: 4268: 3856: 2022: 1983: 1397: 1344: 1336:

specimens remain unknown, or may have been mistakenly classified as a different genus.

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were valid, at least one specimen with these features is still considered to belong to

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Bennett, S.C. (2002). "Soft tissue preservation of the cranial crest of the pterosaur

3131:('naked names'), which are species that were not published formally. Species that are 1092: 743: 655:

that probably fed on a variety of invertebrates and vertebrates. Like all pterosaurs,

13358: 13337: 13297: 13177: 13095: 12598: 11413: 11342: 10584: 10571: 10514: 10277: 10175: 10077: 9995: 9773: 9750: 9716: 9646: 9187: 9103: 9055: 9029: 8742: 8647: 8235: 8100: 7991: 7948: 7920: 7865: 7794: 7730: 7641: 7493: 7470: 7408: 7396: 7353: 7330: 7269: 7238: 7157: 7105: 7017: 6999: 6918: 6784: 6757: 6661: 6649: 6583: 6517: 6262: 5921: 5899: 5863: 5839: 5720: 3662: 2668:. Between the years 1869 and 1870, Seeley had reassigned many pterosaur species into 2408: 2340: 2197: 2107: 2018: 1915: 1602: 959: 889: 341: 8216: 8177: 8142: 7350:

Versuch einer taxonomischen Revision der jurassischen Fischgattung Thrissops Agassiz

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and therefore requiring a new genus name. It has sometimes been placed in the genus

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started when paleontologist Hermann von Meyer used the name Pterodactyli to contain

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specimens were widely distributed within the fossil site, most were assigned to the

13368: 13142: 12827: 12710: 12702: 12494: 12423: 12348: 11890: 11793: 11780: 11712: 11592: 11581: 10831: 10688: 10625: 10400: 10382: 10220: 10044: 9860: 9846: 9804: 9310: 9296: 9228: 8907: 8457: 8204: 8165: 8130: 8088: 7936: 7857: 7825: 7784: 7774: 7722: 7668: 7629: 7460: 7450: 7388: 7320: 7310: 7230: 7143: 7135: 7097: 7007: 6989: 6908: 6900: 6864: 6833: 6776: 6745: 6688: 6645: 6641: 6575: 6513: 6474: 6416: 6386: 6382: 6208: 6146: 6011: 5943:"Dialogues on instinct; with analytical view of the researches on fossil osteology" 5887: 5829: 5819: 5777: 5735: 5609: 3399: 2816: 2696:

in 2017, who disagreed with Hooley's reassignment, and therefore created the genus

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specimen. The shape of the soft tissue crest is based on the specimen BSP 1929 I 18

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Contrary to von Moll's report, the fossil was not missing; it was being studied by

910: 732: 728: 232: 216: 8256: 7538:. Vol. 1839. Stuttgart: E. Schweizerbart's Verlagshandlung. pp. 676–682. 7392: 6030: 5781: 2772:, but misspelled forgetting the 'e'. In 1875 however, Cope reassigned the species 2730:

was not only common in Europe, but also in North America; paleontologists such as

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first two size groups were once classified as juveniles and adults of the species

13312: 13216: 13199: 13070: 12916: 12759: 12608: 12393: 12297: 12272: 12265: 12252: 12185: 12071: 11969: 11935: 11831: 11811: 11665: 11523: 11464: 11451: 11422: 11298: 11209: 11068: 10941: 10896: 10768: 10697: 10676: 10502: 10163: 10143: 10115: 10091: 10027: 10019: 10012: 10004: 9759: 9739: 9569: 9545: 9495: 9303: 9286: 9276: 9253: 9209: 9201: 9169: 9158: 9137: 9091: 9083: 9022: 8938: 8878: 8797: 8766: 8656: 8635: 8588: 8473: 8448: 8318: 7884: 7845: 7455: 7315: 7234: 6994: 6904: 5824: 5665: 3669: 3007:

By the 2010s, a large body of research had been developed based on the idea that

2548: 2407:

means 'long tail', in reference to the animal's tail size. German paleontologist

2207: 1928: 1804: 1800: 1785: 1660: 1546: 1489: 1118: 801: 701: 692: 7685:

Owen, R. (1851). Monograph on the fossil Reptilia of the Cretaceous Formations.

5760:

Unwin, D. M. (2003). "On the phylogeny and evolutionary history of pterosaurs".

2840:. However, it has been difficult to determine exactly of what genus and species 13444: 13432: 13373: 13264: 13187: 13134: 13105: 13065: 13040: 12893: 12866: 12844: 12668: 12582: 12567: 12519: 12458: 12443: 12409: 12234: 12218: 12206: 12192: 12145: 12102: 12062: 11976: 11922: 11650: 11643: 11636: 11608: 11515: 11436: 11363: 11274: 11030: 10922: 10857: 10798: 10738: 10704: 10424: 10351: 10323: 10242: 10192: 10131: 10100: 9700: 9676: 9654: 9600: 9558: 9502: 9470: 9151: 9068: 9045: 8924: 8850: 8818: 8671: 8620: 8568: 7813:

Monograph on the fossil Reptilia of the Cretaceous formations. Supplement no. I

6015: 4576: 4260: 3303: 3142: 2709: 2656: 1740: 1611: 1607: 1526: 1385: 1165: 1124: 1023: 906: 898: 834: 679: 451: 252: 8169: 8158:

Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh

7861: 7726: 7574:"Pterodactylus (Rhamphorhynchus) gemmingi aus dem Kalkschiefer von Solenhofen" 7532:"Über einige neue Versteinerungen in der lithographischen Schiefer von Baiern" 7139: 7101: 7078:"A new ichthyosaur from the Upper Jurassic lithographic limestones of Bavaria" 6780: 6212: 3139:('forgotten names') are the ones that have been disused, and species that are 1761: 1477: 1256: 13540: 13479: 13194: 13110: 13100: 12930: 12901: 12877: 12858: 12816: 12801: 12750: 12739: 12632: 12624: 12574: 12511: 12482: 12466: 12450: 12436: 12377: 12355: 12306: 12199: 11960: 11903: 11822: 11657: 11629: 11601: 11472: 11355: 11146: 11076: 10948: 10931: 10787: 10724: 10668: 10433: 10389: 10270: 10263: 10256: 10249: 10234: 10184: 10108: 10058: 9984: 9831: 9824: 9817: 9666: 9608: 9593: 9586: 9534: 9317: 8986: 8946: 8896: 8865: 8826: 8721: 8713: 8691: 8595: 8579: 8092: 7869: 7779: 7734: 7400: 7242: 7109: 7003: 6922: 6653: 6616: 5593:

consists of an elongated head crest, and potentially large wings. Studies of

4963: 3378: 3134: 2968: 2899: 2638: 2633: 2616: 2504: 1745: 1719: 1715: 1634: 1572: 1566: 1557: 1521: 1511: 1502: 1497: 771: 707: 626: 400: 314: 141: 83: 6579: 6534:

Die Pterodactyloidea (Pterosauria) der Oberjura-Plattenkalke Süddeutschlands

6150: 2439:

based on long-tailed remains; the specific name honors the fossil collector

947:, this was a typographical error however, and was later corrected by him to 633:

stage), about 150.8 to 148.5 million years ago. More fragmentary remains of

13276: 12923: 12851: 12722: 12617: 12551: 12503: 12313: 12241: 12119: 12087: 11855: 11622: 11550: 11491: 11386: 11023: 11008: 10992: 10983: 10972: 10812: 10775: 10661: 10611: 10454: 10367: 10360: 10340: 10312: 10305: 10291: 10284: 10199: 10156: 10123: 9839: 9781: 9724: 9709: 9689: 9514: 9245: 9237: 9217: 9144: 9123: 9116: 8971: 8759: 8705: 8664: 7798: 7474: 7357: 7334: 7021: 6587: 6553:"Nocturnality in Dinosaurs Inferred from Scleral Ring and Orbit Morphology" 6500:

Frey, E.; Martill, D.M. (1998). "Soft tissue preservation in a specimen of

6291:. Vol. 1815 (L'Imprimerie de Jean Barravecchia ed.). p. 224. 5843: 5613: 3876: 3278: 3201: 3053: 2846: 2675: 2557: 2532: 2515:

Beginning in 1846, many pterosaur specimens were found near the village of

2371:. At the time however, most paleontologists incorrectly consider the genus 2184: 1865: 1710: 1655: 1596: 1541: 1537: 1171: 1157: 1136: 1130: 1069: 713: 415: 407: 333: 261: 7266:

The Marshall Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals

5575:" is sometimes used to refer to any kind of animal belonging to the order 2498: 827: 13488: 13271: 13221: 13204: 13162: 13157: 13152: 12809: 12769: 12688: 12652: 12386: 12161: 12094: 12037: 11983: 11840: 11508: 11379: 11371: 11331: 11290: 11282: 11157: 11124: 11092: 11084: 11055: 11016: 11000: 10959: 10888: 10880: 10873: 10819: 10760: 10752: 10413: 10375: 10298: 9953: 9886: 9853: 9789: 9130: 8999: 8954: 8931: 8606: 5576: 5335: 4825: 3229: 3126: 2753: 2736: 2636:, a British geologist. This species however, was reassigned to the genus 2602: 1878: 1731: 1725: 1692: 1664: 1651: 1646: 1640: 1616: 1590: 1019: 1006: 917:(and perhaps to Cuvier himself) as war booty; at the time special French 879: 719: 683:, and it also lived earlier, during the Late Jurassic period, while both 58: 13005: 8208: 7963: 7555:

Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefaktenkunde

7536:

Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefaktenkunde

6881: 6824:(Reptilia, Sauria, Gekkonoidea) from the Upper Jurassic of France]. 6305:

Cuvier, G. (1819). "Pterodactylus longirostris". In Oken, Lorenz (ed.).

2624:. Back in 1859, Owen had found remains the front part of a snout in the 2314: 1932: 850: 132: 13508: 13172: 13115: 13085: 13080: 12777: 12732: 12660: 12535: 12527: 12362: 12341: 12286: 12154: 12129: 12079: 12044: 11990: 11878: 11870: 11863: 11615: 11538: 11530: 11429: 11393: 11231: 11132: 11111: 11100: 11037: 10654: 10447: 10440: 9875: 9766: 8773: 8430: 7148: 6913: 6428: 5585: 5391: 2800: 2715: 2698: 1622: 1393: 1369: 1348:

Fossil pelvis of a large specimen, now referred to the dubious species

1239:, BSP 1929 I 18, which has an occipital lappet similar to the proposed 1202:. Solid crests have only been found on large, fully adult specimens of 1058: 1011: 875: 673: 599:, which was the first pterosaur to be named and identified as a flying 103: 68: 8030: 7885:"The Ornithosauria: an Elementary Study of the Bones of Pterodactyles" 6950:

The 56th Symposium of Vertebrate Palaeontology and Comparative Anatomy

6851:

Evans, S.E. (1994). "The Solnhofen (Jurassic: Tithonian) lizard genus

13249: 12837: 12279: 12227: 11949: 11942: 11910: 11848: 11574: 11567: 11559: 11479: 11257: 11223: 11173: 11166: 10903: 10841: 10745: 10333: 9732: 9449: 9076: 8916: 8751: 8628: 8550: 8537: 8500: 8439: 8400: 8273: 7829: 7596: 6814:(Reptilia, Sauria, Gekkonoidea) du Jurassique Supèrieur de Franconie" 6749: 6121:

Denkschriften der Königlichen Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften

5891: 5702: 5458: 2143: 2002: 1749: 1704: 1674: 1668: 1628: 1481: 1469: 1465: 1401: 995: 983: 893:

Hermann's original life restoration, the first of any pterosaur, 1800

883: 652: 630: 586: 203: 170: 108: 52: 44: 27: 13450: 8068: 7940: 7706: 7656: 7613: 6288:

Analyse de la nature, ou tableau de l'univers et des corps organisés

5620: 2854:, though after additional research Bennett assigned it to the genus 1301:(alternately interpreted as young specimens of the distinct species 13473: 13439: 13281: 13182: 13090: 12909: 12793: 12785: 12559: 12543: 12474: 12051: 11401: 11306: 11238: 10910: 10865: 10638: 9867: 9527: 8424: 8356: 7614:"On a new species of pterodactyl found in the Upper Chalk of Kent ( 5670:. Vol. 1. Mosquae : Typis Nicolai S. Vsevolozsky. p. 466. 3004:

were due to measurement errors, further supporting their synonymy.

2079: 2027: 1686: 1577: 1562: 1231:, which may however be nothing more than a junior synonym. Even if 1176: 1081: 866:

published a text on "amphibians" which included an illustration of

809: 751: 660: 190: 98: 93: 78: 73: 63: 8329:

learning to ride Nazgûl-birds, 'for the liberation of the Shire'."

5589:, the most well-known members of the group. The popular aspect of 2267: 1952: 998:. This tiny specimen was that year described by von Sömmerring as 13209: 8261:. Vol. 3. Leipzig: August Schmid und Comp. pp. 312–314. 5601:

may in fact have a crest made up of soft tissue instead of bone.

2524: 1698: 1680: 1461: 1457: 1015: 931: 664: 622: 618: 603:

and one of the first prehistoric reptiles to ever be discovered.

600: 590: 287: 113: 88: 1781:

and other pterosaurs known at the time. This was emended to the

778:

was the first pterosaur fossil ever to be identified. The first

13167: 11500: 11267: 10849: 9457: 9324: 8418: 8342: 8326: 7748: 7746: 7744: 2828:, for example, was found by numerous studies to be an immature 2768:, Cope attempted to assign the specimens he found to the genus 2516: 1581: 1210:

noted that other authors claimed that the soft tissue crest of

935: 923: 870:

using its wings as flippers. Wagler went so far as to classify

642: 638: 606: 180: 8369: 8191:

Bennett, S.C. (2017). "New smallest specimen of the pterosaur

8017:

Cope, E. D. (1872). "On two new Ornithosaurians from Kansas".

6775:(2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 265–299. 2367:, who recognized it as a pterosaur, specifically a species of 1324:, as well as a few isolated, large specimens once assigned to 699:

lived alongside other small pterosaurs such as the well-known

671:

was a small pterosaur compared to other famous genera such as

26:

Pterodactyl is also an informal name for members of the order

10598: 9194: 8322: 6966: 2942: 2606:('lance dragon'), which resulted in a new combination called 2572: 2443:. Later, in 1847, von Meyer finally erected the generic name 914: 582: 7741: 1392:

and modern birds and reptiles suggest that it may have been

13363: 13231: 13044: 8184: 8117:

Bennett, S.C. (2006). "Juvenile specimens of the pterosaur

8050:

Report, U. S. Geological Survey of the Territories (Hayden)

6857:

Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen

6681:

Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen

6506:

Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen

6479:

10.1671/0272-4634(2004)024[0542:DOTSOA]2.0.CO;2

6421:

10.1671/0272-4634(2002)022[0043:STPOTC]2.0.CO;2

5728:

Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen

2983:(including specimens alternately classified in the species 2520: 2491:

rule that prohibits non-standard Latin characters, such as

1473: 1373: 1080:

a synonym. He also designated specimen BSP AS.I.739 as the

963:

Von Sömmerring's incorrect 1817 restoration of the species

567: 6943: 5681:

Gudger, E.W. (1944). "The Earliest Winged Fish-Catchers".

148:, Bavarian State Collection for Palaeontology and Geology 13052: 13036: 8156:

Andres, B.; Myers, T. S. (2013). "Lone Star Pterosaurs".

8135:

10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26[872:JSOTPG]2.0.CO;2

8046:"The Vertebrata of the Cretaceous formations of the West" 7561:. Stuttgart: E. Schweizerbart's Verlagshandlung: 278–285. 7037:"A new Late Jurassic turtle specimen and the taxonomy of 6937: 6628:

Bennett, S. C. (2004). "New information on the pterosaur

6240:

Denkschriften der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften

3089:

During its over-200-year history, the various species of

2930:

was eventually made the type species of a separate genus

1464:. The main composition of this formation is fine-grained 927: 812:. The specimen had been given to the collection by Count 7601:(in German). Frankfurt: S. Schmerber'schen buchhandlung. 5985: 5983: 5981: 5979: 3472:

Pterodactylus (Rhamphorhynchus) (ensirostris) banthensis

3035:

type specimen did not form a natural group with that of

2922:, and as such is unavailable for use as a new genus for 2702:, which afterwards resulted in a new combination called 1803:

may have been more closely related to the more advanced

1488:

were also found within the formation, these include the

1420:

Based on the shape, size, and arrangement of its teeth,

1359:

specimens show that this species, like the contemporary

16:

Genus of pterodactyloid pterosaur from the Late Jurassic

6311:(in German). Jena : Expedition der Isis. pp. 6186: 9964: 7121: 7119: 6236:"Ueber einen Ornithocephalus brevirostris der Vorwelt" 6081:

Annales du Muséum national d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris

6052:

Journal de Physique, de Chimie et d'Histoire Naturelle

1014:

for the bones of the lower arm, the lower arm for the

13404: 7759:

complex (Pterosauria) from the Cretaceous of England"

7622:

Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London

6944:

Brandalise de Andrade, Marco; Young, Mark T. (2008).

6550: 5976: 5805: 1650:

were also found within the formation. Fossils of the

1156:, which is the largest opening in the skull. Another 7964:"Note on a new and gigantic species of Pterodactyle" 7918: 6493: 5663: 2898:

material. However, it was shown by Bennett that the

2684:, this species however, was reassigned to the genus 1456:(geologically known as the Altmühltal Formation) of 329: 310: 296: 268: 8232:

Pterosaurs: Rulers of the Skies in the Dinosaur Age

7919:Rigal, S.; Martill, D. M.; Sweetman, S. C. (2017). 7116: 6770: 2664:as the type species, which created the combination 2346:The earliest reassignments of pterosaur species to 1194:, this crest extended between the back edge of the 886:), in the class Gryphi, between birds and mammals. 637:have tentatively been identified from elsewhere in 9012: 8317:, May 29, 1945, expressing his "loathing" for the 8149: 6145:(in French). Vol. Tome 4. Paris: Deterville. 5806:Longrich, N.R.; Martill, D.M.; Andres, B. (2018). 5801: 5799: 2836:originally based on small, immature specimens was 2584:the type species, and created the new combination 1112:, as well as its contemporary relatives including 727:is classified as an early-branching member of the 10488: 9433: 8019:Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 6675:Bennett, S.C. (2007). "A review of the pterosaur 6461:Jouve, S. (2004). "Description of the skull of a 2078:As illustrated below, the results of a different 13538: 10582: 8000:Geological Society, London, Special Publications 7929:Geological Society, London, Special Publications 7752: 7373:Geological Society, London, Special Publications 6730:Geological Society, London, Special Publications 5872:Geological Society, London, Special Publications 5861: 5762:Geological Society, London, Special Publications 4854:Not to be confused with the preoccupied species 2642:in 2013, therefore creating the new combination 2395:, and therefore the specimen found was named as 782:specimen was described by the Italian scientist 11791: 11711: 10624: 7661:Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 7490:Pterosaurs: Natural History, Evolution, Anatomy 7420: 7418: 7288: 7075: 6797: 6360: 6358: 6356: 6354: 6352: 6350: 5796: 2979:could be explained by differences in age, with 2719:, which was back then assigned as a species of 2713:Specimen YPM1177, the first uncovered skull of 2324:, which was previously assigned as the species 1476:deposits. The Solnhofen Limestone is a diverse 874:, along with other aquatic vertebrates (namely 8472: 7424: 7352:(in German). Göteborg: Wettergren and Kerber. 7076:Bardet, Nathalie; Fernández, Marta S. (2000). 6855:: new skull material and a reinterpretation". 6713:Vidovic, Steven U.; Martill, David M. (2017). 6712: 6524: 6504:(Wagner) from the Upper Jurassic of Germany". 6398: 6396: 6233: 6109: 6103: 5718: 5714: 5712: 1484:. Abundant specimens of pterosaurs similar to 1339: 13021: 8385: 8321:: "My sentiments are more or less those that 7657:"On the pterodactyles of the Chalk Formation" 7648: 7605: 7375:. Evolution and Palaeobiology of Pterosaurs. 7179:"A compendium of fossil marine animal genera" 6773:The Evolution and Extinction of the Dinosaurs 6402: 6364: 6182: 6180: 6070: 6068: 4393:Pterodactylus (Rhamphorhynchus) hirundinaceus 2815:Later, in the 1980s, subsequent revisions by 2475:, which resulted in a new combination called 2435:. In 1846, von Meyer created the new species 1468:that originated mainly from the nearby towns 1053:, has to give precedence to von Sömmerring's 986:. Cuvier disagreed, and the same year in his 783: 759: 12376: 8066: 7882: 7588: 7565: 7542: 7415: 6456: 6454: 6452: 6450: 6448: 6446: 6347: 6308:Isis (oder Encyclopädische Zeitung) von Oken 6178: 6176: 6174: 6172: 6170: 6168: 6166: 6164: 6162: 6160: 5989: 2910:, and no longer thought to be separate from 2858:. Another species with a complex history is 2309: 1400:with contemporary pterosaurs inferred to be 840: 825: 813: 791: 11490: 8155: 7961: 7912: 7815:. Palaeontographical Society, London, p. 19 7506: 7481: 6826:Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 6803: 6668: 6499: 6393: 6332: 6330: 6328: 6326: 5934: 5755: 5753: 5751: 5749: 5709: 3140: 3132: 3124: 3104: 3098: 2987:) representing an immature growth stage of 2789: 2788:, though these species had been considered 2673: 2654:had created a separate generic name called 2562: 2448: 2376: 1584:remains were also found alongside those of 13028: 13014: 8548: 8392: 8378: 8288: 8069:"Notice of a new sub-order of Pterosauria" 8060: 7985: 7983: 7981: 7263: 6617:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19022-2 6530: 6281: 6065: 6039: 5972:(in French). 5 Physicum: 58–103 (1 plate). 5957: 5026:Reclassified from the preoccupied species 4529:Pterodactylus (Ornithocephalus) vulturinus 4490:Pterodactylus (Ornithocephalus) vulturinus 4455:Pterodactylus (Ornithocephalus) propinquus 4414:Pterodactylus (Ornithocephalus) propinquus 4326:Pterodactylus (Ornithocephalus) eurychirus 2411:in 1845 officially emended that the genus 1379: 820:around 1780, having been recovered from a 800:(a precursor to the modern concept of the 131: 13384:Tradeoffs for locomotion in air and water 13035: 8271: 7788: 7778: 7654: 7611: 7594: 7571: 7548: 7464: 7454: 7324: 7314: 7268:. London: Marshall Editions. p. 38. 7211: 7172: 7170: 7147: 7011: 6993: 6912: 6764: 6460: 6443: 6157: 5862:Ősi, A.; Prondvai, E.; Géczy, B. (2010). 5833: 5823: 4277:Pterodactylus (Rhamphorhynchus) crassipes 3626:Pterodactylus (Rhamphorhynchus) muensteri 2350:started in 1825, with the description of 1372:, rather than the rapid growth of modern 589:. It is thought to contain only a single 8112: 8110: 8037: 7839: 7837: 7679: 7176: 6708: 6706: 6704: 6702: 6609: 6336: 6323: 5940: 5857: 5855: 5853: 5746: 5555: 5551: 3923:Pterodactylus (Rhamphorhynchus) gemmingi 3420:Pterodactylus (Rhamphorhynchus) macronyx 3043:could be returned to use to distinguish 2941: 2937: 2708: 2688:in 1914 by Hooley, which resulted in an 2497: 2313: 2090:, resulting in a more derived position. 1760: 1435: 1343: 1264:, now considered a juvenile specimen of 1255: 1170: 1091: 958: 888: 854:Wagler's 1830 restoration of an aquatic 849: 742: 738: 8299:, #211 to Rhona Beare, October 14, 1958 8195:and ontogenetic niches in pterosaurs". 8190: 8116: 7978: 7553:[Taxonomy of fossil saurians]. 7529: 7512: 7425:Vidovic, S. U.; Martill, D. M. (2014). 7370: 7347: 7295:, a frequent victim of the ganoid fish 7125: 6674: 6632:and the pterosaurian cervical series". 6627: 5963: 5664:Fischer von Waldheim, Gotthelf (1813). 2692:. This conclusion was revised by Rigal 2331:Numerous species have been assigned to 13539: 9421: 8274:"Pterosaurs: Myths and Misconceptions" 8229: 7989: 7850:Annals and Magazine of Natural History 7843: 7715:Annals and Magazine of Natural History 7704: 7487: 7167: 6304: 6256: 6137: 6074: 6045: 6028: 5947:Knight's Weekly Volume for All Readers 5911: 5909: 5680: 3753:Pterodactylus (Ornithopterus) lavateri 1472:and Eichstätt, which is formed by mud 1049:, but the specific name he then gave, 13455: 13454: 13009: 11778: 10570: 10569: 9951: 9420: 8535: 8411: 8373: 8325:would have had if he discovered some 8265: 8107: 7876: 7834: 7700: 7698: 7034: 6850: 6699: 6300: 6298: 5915: 5850: 5759: 1588:, with several specimens assigned to 11779: 8254: 8043: 8016: 7282: 7257: 6343:. Taylor and Francis. pp. 2–37. 2650:, though the British paleontologist 2502:Holotype jaw fragments and teeth of 1271:Like other pterosaurs (most notably 806:Charles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria 7753:Rodrigues, T.; Kellner, A. (2013). 7028: 5920:. New York: Pi Press. p. 246. 5906: 3077:simply as year-classes of immature 2850:or one of the species belonging to 2726:Assigning new pterosaur species to 2628:, and assigned it into the species 1297:The youngest immature specimens of 758:and published by Italian scientist 13: 13547:Late Jurassic pterosaurs of Europe 8258:Okens Lehrbuch der Naturgeschichte 8123:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 7695: 7673:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1851.tb01125.x 7289:Frey, E.; Tischlinger, H. (2012). 7215:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 7183:Bulletins of American Paleontology 6885:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 6634:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 6467:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 6409:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 6367:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 6295: 3346:Pterodactylus crocodilocephaloides 3084: 2600:was reassigned to a genus called 2547:. In 1914 however, paleontologist 2358:alerted the German paleontologist 1811:as a basal member of the suborder 951:. He also refuted a hypothesis by 901:was the one who first stated that 705:, as well as other genera such as 477:Pterodactylus crocodilocephaloides 14: 13578: 8335: 8302: 7634:10.1144/gsl.jgs.1846.002.01-02.05 6191:, with a revision of the genus". 5868:Meyer 1856 (a 'Pester Exemplar')" 5583:itself and the distantly-related 4351:Pterodactylus suevicus eurychirus 1756: 1260:Holotype specimen of the species 816:Friedrich Ferdinand zu Pappenheim 747:Original copper engraving of the 613:have primarily been found in the 13438: 13426: 13414: 13124: 12990: 12984: 12977: 11760: 11752: 11744: 10552: 10546: 9934: 9929: 9403: 9396: 9388: 8355: 8341: 7705:Hooley, Reginald Walter (1914). 7584:. Cassel (published 1851): 1–20. 6693:10.1127/0077-7749/2007/0245-0023 6551:Schmitz, L.; Motani, R. (2011). 5970:Acta Theodoro-Palatinae Mannheim 5740:10.1127/0077-7749/2007/0245-0117 5564:, popularly called "pterodactyl" 3039:. They concluded that the genus 2614:was reassigned to the new genus 2555:, to which he erected the genus 2508:, which was previously known as 2487:by Lydekker in 1888, due to the 2266: 2183: 2142: 2026: 2021: 2001: 1951: 1931: 1864: 157: 56: 9952: 8536: 8399: 8248: 8223: 8121:, with a review of the genus". 8010: 7955: 7895: 7818: 7805: 7530:Münster, Georg Graf zu (1839). 7523: 7513:Münster, Georg Graf zu (1830). 7364: 7341: 7205: 7069: 6960: 6875: 6844: 6838:10.2113/gssgfbull.S7-VIII.4.592 6721:"Germanodactylus rhamphastinus" 6715:"The taxonomy and phylogeny of 6621: 6544: 6275: 6250: 6227: 6131: 6091: 6022: 5100:Rhamphocephalus depressirostris 4466:Pterodactylus propinquus medius 2894:based this genus partly on the 2596:were reassigned to new genera; 2419:, so he reassigned the species 2318:Fossil specimen of the species 1431: 1251: 1246: 1022:and this sternum again for the 7903:The Palaeontographical Society 7687:The Palaeontographical Society 7492:. Princeton University Press. 6646:10.1080/02724634.2004.10010643 6387:10.1080/02724634.1996.10011332 6110:von Sömmerring, S. T. (1812). 5918:The Pterosaurs: From Deep Time 5674: 5657: 5646:Timeline of pterosaur research 4179:Pterodactylus wuerttembergicus 4048:Pterodactylus compressirostris 3367:Pterodactylus nettecephaloides 3212:due to being an obsolete name 2545:Pterodactylus compressirostris 1452:have been found mainly in the 1140:if this genus is truly valid. 1087: 1: 13567:Fossil taxa described in 1809 7844:Seeley, Harry Govier (1869). 7707:"On the Ornithosaurian genus 7551:"System der fossilen Saurier" 7393:10.1144/GSL.SP.2003.217.01.10 7291:"The Late Jurassic pterosaur 6234:von Sömmerring, S.T. (1817). 6029:Wagler, Johann Georg (1830). 5782:10.1144/GSL.SP.2003.217.01.11 5651: 5579:, though most of the time to 4483:Altmuehlopterus rhamphastinus 4459:Altmuehlopterus rhamphastinus 4431:Altmuehlopterus rhamphastinus 4114:Ornithocephalus rhamphastinus 4108:Altmuehlopterus rhamphastinus 4061:Lonchodectes compressirostris 3593:Altmuehlopterus rhamphastinus 2139:Germanodactylus rhamphastinus 1355:The distinct year classes of 1179:of BMMS 7, the largest known 1039:Constantine Samuel Rafinesque 731:, within the pterosaur clade 13562:Taxa named by Georges Cuvier 7456:10.1371/journal.pone.0110646 7316:10.1371/journal.pone.0031945 7235:10.1080/02724634.2014.883238 6995:10.1371/journal.pone.0044985 6905:10.1080/02724634.2010.501442 6193:Paläontologische Zeitschrift 5825:10.1371/journal.pbio.2001663 5236:Pterodactylus sagittirostris 4089:Ornithocephalus redenbacheri 3260:Ornithocephalus brevirostris 3015:were early growth stages of 2682:Pterodactylus sagittirostris 2360:Samuel Thomas von Sömmerring 1998:Altmuehlopterus ramphastinus 1773:Initial classifications for 1440:Hypothetical restoration of 1282:mistaken for new species of 1001:Ornithocephalus brevirostris 974:Samuel Thomas von Sömmerring 897:The German/French scientist 568: 459:Ornithocephalus longirostris 21:Pterodactyl (disambiguation) 7: 8310:Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien 8296:Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien 8073:American Journal of Science 7968:American Journal of Science 7923:Lonchodectes sagittirostris 7595:von Meyer, Hermann (1847). 7572:von Meyer, Hermann (1846). 7549:von Meyer, Hermann (1845). 7429:Pterodactylus scolopaciceps 6630:Scaphognathus crassirostris 5941:Brougham, Henry P. (1844). 5634: 5063:Pterodactylus suprajurensis 4978:prior to being preoccupied 4849:Ikrandraco machaerorhynchus 4681:Pterodactylus scolopaciceps 4372:Pterodactylus hirundinaceus 4096:Pterodactylus rhamphastinus 3790:Rhamphorhynchus longicaudus 3667:Once assigned to the genus 3532:Scaphognathus crassirostris 3517:Pterodactylus crassirostris 3051:. They named the new genus 2794:ever since. Paleontologist 2527:by British paleontologists 2477:Rhamphorhynchus longicaudus 2401:Ornithocephalus longicaudus 2391:) to be the valid name for 2239:Normannognathus wellnhoferi 1340:Growth and breeding seasons 953:Johann Friedrich Blumenbach 913:and sent to collections in 774:of the animal now known as 468:Macrotrachelus longirostris 422:Vidovic & Martill, 2014 10: 13583: 13240:Flying and gliding animals 13076:Fin and flipper locomotion 6679:: taxonomy and ontogeny". 6531:Wellnhofer, Peter (1970). 6518:10.1127/njgpa/210/1998/421 6337:Lydekker, Richard (1888). 6259:Dinosaurs past and present 6016:10.1016/j.crpv.2004.02.002 5011:Pterodactylus occidentalis 4976:Pterodactylus occidentalis 4694:Aerodactylus scolopaciceps 4661:Pterodactylus grandipelvis 4549:Campylognathoides liasicus 4071:Pterodactylus redenbacheri 3465:Ornithocephalus banthensis 3299:Pterodactylus longirostris 3240:Pterodactylus brevirostris 2946:Juvenile type specimen of 2918:is therefore a synonym of 2906:was a fossil belonging to 2746:Pterodactylus occidentalis 2744:, but this was changed to 2467:. He assigned the species 1229:Aerodactylus scolopaciceps 1029:In 1815, the generic name 994:came to light, again from 966:Pterodactylus brevirostris 804:museum), in the palace of 557: 533:Aerodactylus scolopaciceps 447:Pterodactylus longirostris 25: 18: 13463: 13351: 13290: 13230: 13133: 13122: 13051: 12974: 12876: 12826: 12758: 12749: 12721: 12697: 12686: 12642: 12607: 12597: 12493: 12431: 12422: 12418: 12407: 12372: 12331: 12296: 12260: 12251: 12217: 12180: 12171: 12144: 12140: 12117: 12061: 12032: 12028: 12017: 11959: 11930: 11921: 11898: 11889: 11830: 11821: 11806: 11802: 11787: 11774: 11741: 11707: 11591: 11549: 11459: 11450: 11412: 11350: 11341: 11326: 11317: 11256: 11218: 11207: 11156: 11119: 11110: 11063: 11054: 10982: 10967: 10958: 10930: 10921: 10830: 10807: 10796: 10785: 10733: 10722: 10687: 10633: 10620: 10609: 10593: 10578: 10565: 10543: 10513: 10497: 10484: 10423: 10408: 10399: 10350: 10322: 10229: 10218: 10174: 10151: 10142: 10090: 10086: 10075: 10053: 10042: 9994: 9979: 9975: 9960: 9947: 9927: 9885: 9812: 9803: 9749: 9699: 9684: 9675: 9664: 9641: 9630: 9568: 9553: 9544: 9522: 9513: 9483: 9479: 9468: 9444: 9429: 9416: 9385: 9335: 9285: 9275: 9227: 9177: 9168: 9111: 9102: 9063: 9054: 9043: 9008: 8997: 8981: 8969: 8906: 8891: 8887: 8876: 8860: 8848: 8808: 8792: 8783: 8741: 8732: 8700: 8689: 8646: 8615: 8605: 8578: 8563: 8559: 8544: 8531: 8499: 8481: 8468: 8407: 8230:Arnold, Caroline (2014). 8170:10.1017/S1755691013000303 8119:Germanodactylus cristatus 7862:10.1080/00222937008696143 7755:"Taxonomic review of the 7727:10.1080/00222931408693521 7519:. Bayreuth: F. C. Birner. 7102:10.1017/S0022336000031760 7035:Joyce, Walter G. (2003). 6869:10.1127/njgpa/192/1994/37 6781:10.1017/9781316471623.009 6213:10.1007/s12542-012-0159-8 5560:Life reconstruction of a 5402:Germanodactylus cristatus 5374:Ardeadactylus longicollum 5353:Ardeadactylus longicollum 5249:Serradraco sagittirostris 5168:Rhamphocephalus bucklandi 5144:Rhamphocephalus bucklandi 4863:Pterodactylus longispinis 4767:Pterodactylus spectabilis 4523:Ardeadactylus longicollum 4502:Ardeadactylus longicollum 4405:Rhamphorhynchus muensteri 4384:Rhamphorhynchus muensteri 4170:Ardeadactylus longicollum 4158:Pterodactylus longicollum 4004:Pterodactylus conirostris 3935:Rhamphorhynchus muensteri 3914:Rhamphorhynchus muensteri 3837:Rhamphorhynchus muensteri 3820:Pterodactylus secundarius 3778:Pterodactylus longicaudus 3765:Rhamphorhynchus muensteri 3744:Rhamphorhynchus muensteri 3691:Ardeadactylus longicollum 3638:Rhamphorhynchus muensteri 3619:Ornithocephalus muensteri 3613:Rhamphorhynchus muensteri 3339:Rhamphorhynchus muensteri 3292:Ornithocephalus giganteus 3287:Rhamphorhynchus muensteri 2620:('chalk wing'), creating 2433:Pterodactylus longicaudus 2321:Rhamphorhynchus muensteri 2310:Formerly assigned species 2261: 2235: 2218: 2211: 2201: 2176: 2169: 2135: 2122:Germanodactylus cristatus 2118: 2111: 2101: 2016: 1994: 1987: 1946: 1926: 1919: 1899: 1892: 1882: 1857: 1850: 1833: 1826: 1396:. This may also indicate 1361:Rhamphorhynchus muensteri 1018:, this upper arm for the 940:Johann Paul Carl von Moll 841: 826: 814: 786:Cosimo Alessandro Collini 784: 762:Cosimo Alessandro Collini 760: 663:fibres and externally by 506:Pterodactylus spectabilis 358: 351: 293: 286: 267: 260: 154:Scientific classification 152: 139: 130: 37: 8093:10.2475/ajs.s3-11.66.507 7990:Witton, Mark P. (2010). 7780:10.3897/zookeys.308.5559 7655:Bowerbank, J.S. (1851). 7612:Bowerbank, J.S. (1846). 7264:Palmer, D., ed. (1999). 7058:(3): 1–8. Archived from 6804:Hoffstetter, R. (1966). 5916:Unwin, David M. (2006). 5641:List of pterosaur genera 5433:Pterodactylus cormoranus 4805:Ornithocheirus woodwardi 4725:Pterodactylus pulchellus 4641:Pterodactylus cerinensis 4620:Pterodactylus silvestris 4610:Camposipterus sedgwickii 4597:Pterodactylus sedgwickii 4511:Pterodactylus vulturinus 4438:Pterodactylus propinquus 4344:Pterodactylus eurychirus 4305:Pterodactylus eurychirus 3445:Pterodactylus banthensis 3218:Pterodactylus "suevicus" 3210:Ornithocephalus antiquus 2796:Samuel Wendell Williston 2397:Ornithocephalus Münsteri 1790:Charles Lucien Bonaparte 1561:. Fossil remains of the 1384:Comparisons between the 1078:Ornithocephalus antiquus 979:Ornithocephalus antiquus 524:Pterodactylus cormoranus 438:Ornithocephalus antiquus 9967:Archaeopterodactyloidea 8234:. StarWalk Kids Media. 8197:Journal of Paleontology 7616:Pterodactylus giganteus 7348:Nybelin, Orvar (1964). 7177:Sepkoski, Jack (2002). 7140:10.1023/A:1003855831015 7082:Journal of Paleontology 6952:: 14–15. Archived from 6640:(Supplement 003): 38A. 6580:10.1126/science.1200043 6151:10.5962/bhl.title.60807 5719:Schweigert, G. (2007). 5387:Pterodactylus cristatus 5216:Pterodactylus pleydelli 5032:Pteranodon occidentalis 4878:Rhabdopelix longispinis 4788:Pterodactylus woodwardi 4737:Aurorazhdarcho micronyx 4574:Reclassified as either 4298:Pterodactylus crassipes 4249:Pterodactylus crassipes 4240:Aurorazhdarcho micronyx 4121:Pterodactylus giganteus 4083:Aurorazhdarcho micronyx 3948:Pterodactylus giganteus 3871:Pterodactylus diomedeus 3651:Pterodactylus bucklandi 3644:Pterodactylus muensteri 3601:Pterodactylus muensteri 3496:Pterodactylus goldfussi 3387:Aurorazhdarcho micronyx 3267:Pterodactylus giganteus 2752:was found to have been 2644:Camposipterus segwickii 2630:Pterodactylus segwickii 2537:Pterodactylus giganteus 2495:, in scientific names. 2471:as the type species of 2339:, which thus became a " 2098:Archaeopterodactyloidea 1799:closely related to the 1552:, as well as the basal 1415: 1380:Daily activity patterns 1154:nasoantorbital fenestra 1108:represent juveniles of 625:, which dates from the 13379:Terrestrial locomotion 13323:Evolution of cetaceans 13318:Origin of avian flight 13303:Evolution of tetrapods 6189:Pterodactylus antiquus 5996:Comptes Rendus Palevol 5964:Collini, C A. (1784). 5866:Pterodactylus micronyx 5683:The Scientific Monthly 5608:-like creatures is in 5604:Another appearance of 5565: 5494:Dsungaripterus brancai 5445:Pterodactylus antiquus 5424:Pterodactylus antiquus 5412:Pterodactylus westmani 5331:Pterodactylus suevicus 5321:Dermodactylus montanus 5308:Pterodactylus montanus 5298:Doratorhynchus validus 5277:Ornithochirus umbrosus 5259:Pterodactylus umbrosus 5107:Pterodactylus daviesii 4928:Ornithocheirus nobilis 4888:Pterodactylus macrurus 4812:Pterodactylus hopkinsi 4779:Pterodactylus antiquus 4588:; possible synonym of 4536:Pterodactylus liasicus 4457:; possible synonym of 4363:Cycnorhamphus suevicus 4338:Cycnorhamphus suevicus 4317:Cycnorhamphus suevicus 4228:Pterodactylus micronyx 4219:Cycnorhamphus suevicus 4207:Pterodactylus suevicus 4199:Cycnorhamphus suevicus 3941:Pterodactylus gemmingi 3902:Pterodactylus gemmingi 3771:Pterodactylus lavateri 3732:Pterodactylus lavateri 3725:Pterodactylus antiquus 3723:; possible synonym of 3678:Pterodactylus longipes 3564:Dorygnathus banthensis 3542:Pterodactylus macronyx 3508:Dorygnathus banthensis 3489:Dorygnathus banthensis 3458:Dorygnathus banthensis 3395:Pterodactylus macronyx 3358:Pterodactylus antiquus 3313:Pterodactylus antiquus 3183:Pterodactylus antiquus 3141: 3133: 3125: 3099: 3079:Pterodactylus antiquus 2956: 2847:Gnathosaurus subulatus 2790: 2782:Pterodactylus umbrosus 2762:Ornithochirus umbrosus 2723: 2674: 2580:), and therefore made 2512: 2441:Carl Eming von Gemming 2437:Pterodactylus gemmingi 2429:Pterodactylus münsteri 2328: 2326:Pterodactylus münsteri 2222:Cycnorhamphus suevicus 2180:Pterodactylus antiquus 1861:Pterodactylus antiquus 1797:archaeopterodactyloids 1770: 1445: 1390:Pterodactylus antiquus 1357:Pterodactylus antiquus 1352: 1299:Pterodactylus antiquus 1268: 1208:S. Christopher Bennett 1184: 1105:Pterodactylus antiquus 1097: 1066:Pterodactylus antiquus 969: 894: 858: 822:lithographic limestone 798:cabinet of curiosities 792: 776:Pterodactylus antiquus 767: 729:ctenochasmatid lineage 596:Pterodactylus antiquus 515:Pterodactylus westmani 273:Pterodactylus antiquus 43:Temporal range: Early 13517:Paleobiology Database 13394:Undulatory locomotion 13343:Homologous structures 8255:Oken, Lorenz (1816). 8067:Marsh, O.C. (1876a). 7883:Seeley, H.G. (1870). 7488:Witton, Mark (2013). 7189:: 560. Archived from 6806:"A propos des genres 6605:on February 28, 2019. 6035:(in German). München. 5619:. In this novel, the 5559: 5552:Cultural significance 5502:Pterodactylus maximus 5476:Pterodactylus brancai 5454:Pterodactylus arningi 5285:Pterodactylus validus 5195:Pterodactylus marderi 5175:Pterodactylus manseli 5127:Pterodactylus duncani 5083:Pterodactylus aclandi 5028:"Pterodactylus oweni" 4959:"Pterodactylus oweni" 4952:Ornithocheirus curtus 4911:Pterodactylus nobilis 4901:Gnathosaurus macrurus 4856:"Pterodactylus oweni" 4704:Pterodactylus elegans 4590:Cimoliopterus cuvieri 4559:Pterodactylus fittoni 4149:Cimoliornis diomedeus 4038:Cimoliopterus cuvieri 4025:Pterodactylus cuvieri 4016:Lonchodraco giganteus 3971:Lonchodraco giganteus 3895:Cimoliornis diomedeus 3888:Cimoliornis diomedeus 3844:Pterodactylus cliftii 3721:Ornithocephalus kochi 3322:Pterodactylus grandis 2945: 2938:Controversial species 2902:later designated for 2832:. Another species of 2786:Pterodactylus harpyia 2766:Ornithochirus harpyia 2742:"Pterodactylus oweni" 2732:Othniel Charles Marsh 2712: 2541:Pterodactylus cuvieri 2529:James Scott Bowerbank 2510:Pterodactylus cuvieri 2501: 2483:was later changed to 2365:Georg August Goldfuss 2356:Georg Graf zu Münster 2317: 1764: 1439: 1347: 1259: 1174: 1134:, and hypothetically 1095: 962: 892: 853: 746: 739:Discovery and history 486:Ornithocephalus kochi 13338:Analogous structures 13333:Convergent evolution 9579:Archaeoistiodactylus 9489:Archaeoistiodactylus 8352:at Wikimedia Commons 8044:Cope, E. D. (1875). 7962:Marsh, O.C. (1871). 7128:Geologie en Mijnbouw 5530:Ingles & Sawyer 5522:Pterodactylus raptor 5380:Cycnorhamphus fraasi 5362:Pterodactylus fraasi 5207:Dimorphodon macronyx 5166:Possible synonym of 5151:Pterodactylus kiddii 5142:Possible synonym of 5098:Possible synonym of 4997:Pteranodon longiceps 4984:Pterodactylus ingens 4935:Pterodactylus curtus 4758:Ornithocheirus simus 4429:Possible synonym of 4296:; reclassified from 3799:Pterodactylus meyeri 3573:Pterodactylus medius 3438:Dimorphodon macronyx 3432:Dimorphodon macronyx 3410:Dimorphodon macronyx 3290:; reclassified from 2950:, now reassigned as 2870:to be distinct from 2666:Ornithocheirus simus 2588:. In a 2013 review, 1143:The skulls of adult 919:political commissars 19:For other uses, see 13389:Rotating locomotion 13328:Comparative anatomy 12644:Targaryendraconidae 12333:Ornithocheiriformes 12020:Ornithocheiromorpha 11319:Neopterodactyloidea 11246:Dsungaripteromorpha 9014:Campylognathoididae 8734:Eudimorphodontoidea 8315:Christopher Tolkien 8209:10.1017/jpa.2017.84 8085:1876AmJS...11..507M 7771:2013ZooK..308....1R 7447:2014PLoSO...9k0646V 7385:2003GSLSP.217..105K 7227:2015JVPal..35E3238L 7094:2000JPal...74..503B 7065:on October 1, 2015. 7043:Eurysternum wagleri 6986:2012PLoSO...744985Y 6897:2010JVPal..30.1451D 6816:[On the genera 6742:2018GSLSP.455..125V 6719:(Wagner, 1837) and 6717:Diopecephalus kochi 6572:2011Sci...332..705S 6502:Pterodactylus kochi 6379:1996JVPal..16..432B 6205:2013PalZ...87..269B 6075:Cuvier, G. (1809). 6046:Cuvier, G. (1801). 6008:2004CRPal...3..157T 5884:2010GSLSP.343..277O 5774:2003GSLSP.217..139U 5695:1944SciMo..59..120G 5629:Christopher Tolkien 5378:Reclassified from. 5039:Pterodactylus velox 4836:Pterodactylus oweni 4746:Pterodactylus simus 4716:Ctenochasma elegans 3981:Pterodactylus ornis 3811:Diopecephalus kochi 3714:Diopecephalus kochi 3701:Pterodactylus kochi 3253:Ctenochasma elegans 2953:Diopecephalus kochi 2948:Pterodactylus kochi 2892:Harry Govier Seeley 2758:Edward Drinker Cope 2652:Harry Govier Seeley 2648:Pterodactylus simus 2626:Cambridge Greensand 2586:L. compressirostris 2582:P. compressirostris 2553:P. compressirostris 2354:; fossil collector 1903:Diopecephalus kochi 1454:Solnhofen limestone 1196:antorbital fenestra 1057:. In 1888, English 864:Johann Georg Wagler 615:Solnhofen limestone 496:Diopecephalus kochi 13308:Evolution of birds 13061:Aquatic locomotion 12173:Istiodactyliformes 10647:Lonchognathosaurus 10490:Eupterodactyloidea 9633:Pterodactyliformes 9436:Pterodactylomorpha 9423:Pterodactylomorpha 9337:Pterodactylomorpha 9179:Angustinaripterini 8810:Eudimorphodontinae 8785:Eudimorphodontidae 8056:: 302 pp., 57 pls. 7039:Palaeomedusa testa 6127:. München: 89–158. 5566: 5274:Reclassified from 5030:; reclassified as 4632:Palaeornis cliftii 4527:Reclassified from 4453:Reclassified from 4342:Reclassified from 4294:Ostromia crassipes 4269:Ostromia crassipes 4112:Reclassified from 4087:Reclassified from 3995:Palaeornis cliftii 3939:Reclassified from 3893:Reclassified from 3864:Palaeornis cliftii 3862:Reclassified from 3857:Palaeornis cliftii 3769:Reclassified from 3719:Reclassified from 3642:Reclassified from 3617:Reclassified from 3463:Reclassified from 3436:Reclassified from 3258:Reclassified from 3200:Designated as the 2957: 2724: 2513: 2415:had priority over 2329: 1984:Eupterodactyloidea 1771: 1446: 1444:in its environment 1398:niche partitioning 1353: 1269: 1185: 1098: 970: 895: 859: 793:Naturalienkabinett 768: 306:(Sömmerring, 1812) 13532: 13531: 13457:Taxon identifiers 13402: 13401: 13359:Animal locomotion 13298:Evolution of fish 13178:facultative biped 13003: 13002: 12999: 12998: 12972: 12971: 12968: 12967: 12964: 12963: 12960: 12959: 12956: 12955: 12952: 12951: 12948: 12947: 12944: 12943: 12940: 12939: 12682: 12681: 12678: 12677: 12599:Targaryendraconia 12593: 12592: 12403: 12402: 12327: 12326: 12323: 12322: 12113: 12112: 12013: 12012: 12009: 12008: 12005: 12004: 12001: 12000: 11770: 11769: 11739: 11738: 11735: 11734: 11731: 11730: 11703: 11702: 11699: 11698: 11695: 11694: 11691: 11690: 11687: 11686: 11683: 11682: 11679: 11678: 11675: 11674: 11446: 11445: 11414:Chaoyangopterinae 11343:Chaoyangopteridae 11203: 11202: 11199: 11198: 11195: 11194: 11191: 11190: 11187: 11186: 11183: 11182: 10718: 10717: 10714: 10713: 10585:Ornithocheiroidea 10572:Ornithocheiroidea 10561: 10560: 10541: 10540: 10537: 10536: 10533: 10532: 10515:Ornithocheiroidea 10480: 10479: 10476: 10475: 10472: 10471: 10468: 10467: 10464: 10463: 10278:Gladocephaloideus 10214: 10213: 10210: 10209: 10176:Aurorazhdarchidae 10078:Ctenochasmatoidea 10038: 10037: 9996:Germanodactylidae 9943: 9942: 9925: 9924: 9921: 9920: 9917: 9916: 9913: 9912: 9909: 9908: 9905: 9904: 9799: 9798: 9774:Dendrorhynchoides 9751:Batrachognathinae 9717:Dendrorhynchoides 9647:Changchengopterus 9626: 9625: 9622: 9621: 9618: 9617: 9412: 9411: 9383: 9382: 9379: 9378: 9375: 9374: 9371: 9370: 9367: 9366: 9363: 9362: 9359: 9358: 9355: 9354: 9271: 9270: 9267: 9266: 9263: 9262: 9188:Angustinaripterus 9104:Rhamphorhynchinae 9056:Rhamphorhynchidae 9039: 9038: 9030:Campylognathoides 8965: 8964: 8844: 8843: 8840: 8839: 8836: 8835: 8743:Raeticodactylidae 8685: 8684: 8681: 8680: 8648:Austriadraconidae 8527: 8526: 8523: 8522: 8519: 8518: 8346:Media related to 8241:978-1-63083-412-8 7811:Owen, R. (1859). 7578:Palaeontographica 7499:978-0-691-15061-1 6822:Eichstaettisaurus 6812:Eichstaettisaurus 6790:978-0-521-81172-9 6407:from Solnhofen". 6268:978-0-938644-23-1 5992:Ossemens Fossiles 5548: 5547: 5544: 5543: 5004:Pteranodon ingens 2704:S. sagittirostris 2690:L. sagittirostris 2660:, and reassigned 2409:Hermann von Meyer 2341:wastebasket taxon 2306: 2305: 2297: 2296: 2288: 2287: 2279: 2278: 2250: 2249: 2198:Ctenochasmatoidea 2155: 2154: 2108:Germanodactylidae 2086:within the clade 2075: 2074: 2066: 2065: 2057: 2056: 2048: 2047: 2039: 2038: 2019:Dsungaripteroidea 1973: 1972: 1964: 1963: 1916:Ctenochasmatoidea 1735:, as well as the 1661:ray-finned fishes 1603:Eichstaettisaurus 1554:euctenochasmatian 1076:, and considered 1033:was latinized to 988:Ossemens fossiles 843:Hermann von Meyer 691:lived during the 651:was a generalist 566: 545: 544: 538: 529: 520: 511: 502: 492: 482: 473: 464: 455: 443: 432: 423: 411: 396: 384: 375: 364: 345: 326: 307: 256: 51:150.8–148.5 13574: 13525: 13524: 13512: 13511: 13499: 13498: 13497: 13484: 13483: 13482: 13452: 13451: 13443: 13442: 13431: 13430: 13429: 13419: 13418: 13417: 13410: 13369:Robot locomotion 13143:Limb development 13128: 13101:Lobe-finned fish 13030: 13023: 13016: 13007: 13006: 12994: 12988: 12982: 12981: 12828:Coloborhynchinae 12756: 12755: 12711:Ornithocheiridae 12703:Brasileodactylus 12695: 12694: 12605: 12604: 12495:Ornithocheirinae 12429: 12428: 12424:Ornithocheiridae 12420: 12419: 12416: 12415: 12374: 12373: 12370: 12369: 12349:Brasileodactylus 12258: 12257: 12178: 12177: 12146:Lonchodraconidae 12142: 12141: 12138: 12137: 12030: 12029: 12026: 12025: 11928: 11927: 11896: 11895: 11891:Nyctosauromorpha 11828: 11827: 11804: 11803: 11800: 11799: 11794:Pteranodontoidea 11789: 11788: 11781:Pteranodontoidea 11776: 11775: 11765: 11764: 11757: 11756: 11749: 11748: 11713:Pteranodontoidea 11709: 11708: 11593:Quetzalcoatlinae 11582:Mistralazhdarcho 11547: 11546: 11488: 11487: 11457: 11456: 11348: 11347: 11324: 11323: 11216: 11215: 11117: 11116: 11061: 11060: 10980: 10979: 10965: 10964: 10928: 10927: 10832:Thalassodromidae 10805: 10804: 10794: 10793: 10731: 10730: 10689:Dsungaripterinae 10631: 10630: 10626:Dsungaripteridae 10622: 10621: 10618: 10617: 10591: 10590: 10580: 10579: 10567: 10566: 10556: 10551: 10550: 10495: 10494: 10486: 10485: 10406: 10405: 10401:Ctenochasmatinae 10383:Plataleorhynchus 10227: 10226: 10221:Ctenochasmatidae 10149: 10148: 10088: 10087: 10084: 10083: 10051: 10050: 10045:Euctenochasmatia 9977: 9976: 9973: 9972: 9962: 9961: 9949: 9948: 9938: 9933: 9861:Propterodactylus 9847:Ningchengopterus 9810: 9809: 9805:Pterodactyloidea 9682: 9681: 9673: 9672: 9639: 9638: 9551: 9550: 9520: 9519: 9481: 9480: 9477: 9476: 9442: 9441: 9431: 9430: 9418: 9417: 9407: 9401: 9400: 9393: 9392: 9311:Jianchangopterus 9297:Fenghuangopterus 9283: 9282: 9229:Rhamphorhynchini 9175: 9174: 9109: 9108: 9061: 9060: 9052: 9051: 9010: 9009: 9006: 9005: 8979: 8978: 8908:Dimorphodontidae 8889: 8888: 8885: 8884: 8858: 8857: 8790: 8789: 8739: 8738: 8698: 8697: 8613: 8612: 8561: 8560: 8557: 8556: 8546: 8545: 8533: 8532: 8479: 8478: 8470: 8469: 8463: 8462: 8458:Pterosauromorpha 8409: 8408: 8394: 8387: 8380: 8371: 8370: 8360:Data related to 8359: 8345: 8330: 8306: 8300: 8292: 8286: 8285: 8283: 8281: 8269: 8263: 8262: 8252: 8246: 8245: 8227: 8221: 8220: 8188: 8182: 8181: 8164:(3–4): 383–398. 8153: 8147: 8146: 8114: 8105: 8104: 8064: 8058: 8057: 8041: 8035: 8034: 8014: 8008: 8007: 7987: 7976: 7975: 7959: 7953: 7952: 7916: 7910: 7899: 7893: 7892: 7880: 7874: 7873: 7841: 7832: 7830:10.1144/SP343.18 7822: 7816: 7809: 7803: 7802: 7792: 7782: 7750: 7739: 7738: 7702: 7693: 7683: 7677: 7676: 7652: 7646: 7645: 7609: 7603: 7602: 7592: 7586: 7585: 7569: 7563: 7562: 7546: 7540: 7539: 7527: 7521: 7520: 7510: 7504: 7503: 7485: 7479: 7478: 7468: 7458: 7422: 7413: 7412: 7368: 7362: 7361: 7345: 7339: 7338: 7328: 7318: 7286: 7280: 7279: 7261: 7255: 7254: 7209: 7203: 7202: 7200: 7198: 7193:on July 23, 2011 7174: 7165: 7164: 7151: 7123: 7114: 7113: 7073: 7067: 7066: 7064: 7049: 7032: 7026: 7025: 7015: 6997: 6964: 6958: 6957: 6956:on June 3, 2011. 6941: 6935: 6934: 6916: 6891:(5): 1451–1465. 6879: 6873: 6872: 6848: 6842: 6841: 6801: 6795: 6794: 6768: 6762: 6761: 6750:10.1144/SP455.12 6727: 6710: 6697: 6696: 6672: 6666: 6665: 6625: 6619: 6613: 6607: 6606: 6604: 6598:. Archived from 6557: 6548: 6542: 6541: 6539: 6528: 6522: 6521: 6497: 6491: 6490: 6458: 6441: 6440: 6400: 6391: 6390: 6362: 6345: 6344: 6334: 6321: 6320: 6302: 6293: 6292: 6283:Rafinesque, C.S. 6279: 6273: 6272: 6254: 6248: 6247: 6231: 6225: 6224: 6184: 6155: 6154: 6135: 6129: 6128: 6107: 6101: 6095: 6089: 6088: 6072: 6063: 6062: 6043: 6037: 6036: 6026: 6020: 6019: 5987: 5974: 5973: 5961: 5955: 5954: 5938: 5932: 5931: 5913: 5904: 5903: 5892:10.1144/SP343.17 5859: 5848: 5847: 5837: 5827: 5803: 5794: 5793: 5757: 5744: 5743: 5725: 5716: 5707: 5706: 5678: 5672: 5671: 5661: 5610:J. R. R. Tolkien 5491:Reclassified as 5399:Reclassified as 5318:Reclassified as 5295:Reclassified as 5246:Reclassified as 5056:Pteranodon velox 5054:Reclassified as 5002:Reclassified as 4950:Reclassified as 4926:Reclassified as 4898:Reclassified as 4875:Reclassified as 4803:Reclassified as 4756:Reclassified as 4714:Reclassified as 4691:Reclassified as 4607:Reclassified as 4546:Reclassified as 4266:Reclassified as 4238:Reclassified as 4217:Reclassified as 4168:Reclassified as 4106:Reclassified as 4058:Reclassified as 4035:Reclassified as 3968:Reclassified as 3788:Reclassified as 3711:Reclassified as 3663:rhamphorhynchine 3529:Reclassified as 3455:Reclassified as 3407:Reclassified as 3208:, and replacing 3162: 3161: 3151: 3150: 3146: 3138: 3130: 3118: 3115: 3112: 3109: 3106: 3102: 3059:P. scolopaciceps 3025:P. scolopaciceps 3013:P. scolopaciceps 2985:P. scolopaciceps 2928:"P." longicollum 2924:"P." longicollum 2882:to be closer to 2817:Peter Wellnhofer 2793: 2679: 2579: 2576: 2570: 2567: 2564: 2462: 2459: 2456: 2453: 2450: 2390: 2387: 2384: 2381: 2378: 2270: 2264:Ctenochasmatidae 2214: 2213: 2204: 2203: 2187: 2172: 2171: 2166:Euctenochasmatia 2146: 2114: 2113: 2104: 2103: 2094: 2093: 2088:Euctenochasmatia 2030: 2025: 2005: 1990: 1989: 1955: 1949:Ctenochasmatidae 1935: 1922: 1921: 1895: 1894: 1889:Euctenochasmatia 1885: 1884: 1868: 1853: 1852: 1837:Eosipterus yangi 1829: 1828: 1823:Pterodactyloidea 1819: 1818: 1813:Pterodactyloidea 1805:dsungaripteroids 1801:ctenochasmatoids 1490:rhamphorhynchids 1062:Richard Lydekker 911:French Consulate 846: 845: 831: 830: 819: 818: 795: 789: 788: 765: 764: 756:Egid Verhelst II 733:Pterodactyloidea 580: 577: 574: 571: 561: 559: 536: 527: 518: 509: 500: 490: 480: 471: 462: 450: 441: 431:Species synonymy 430: 421: 406: 391: 382: 373: 362: 339: 334:P. scolopaciceps 331: 320: 312: 305: 298: 270: 251: 244: 233:Euctenochasmatia 231: 217:Pterodactyloidea 215: 202: 162: 161: 135: 125: 55: 35: 34: 13582: 13581: 13577: 13576: 13575: 13573: 13572: 13571: 13557:Solnhofen fauna 13552:Pterodactyloids 13537: 13536: 13533: 13528: 13520: 13515: 13507: 13502: 13493: 13492: 13487: 13478: 13477: 13472: 13459: 13449: 13437: 13427: 13425: 13415: 13413: 13405: 13403: 13398: 13347: 13313:Origin of birds 13286: 13226: 13148:Limb morphology 13129: 13120: 13106:Ray-finned fish 13071:Fish locomotion 13047: 13034: 13004: 12995: 12976: 12936: 12917:Liaoningopterus 12872: 12822: 12760:Tropeognathinae 12745: 12717: 12691: 12674: 12638: 12609:Cimoliopteridae 12589: 12489: 12412: 12399: 12394:Zhenyuanopterus 12368: 12319: 12298:Istiodactylinae 12292: 12273:Longchengpterus 12266:Lingyuanopterus 12253:Istiodactylidae 12247: 12213: 12186:Hongshanopterus 12167: 12136: 12122: 12109: 12072:Hongshanopterus 12057: 12022: 11997: 11970:Barbaridactylus 11955: 11917: 11885: 11832:Pteranodontidae 11817: 11812:Santanadactylus 11796: 11783: 11766: 11759: 11751: 11743: 11727: 11671: 11666:Zhejiangopterus 11587: 11545: 11524:Palaeocursornis 11486: 11465:Montanazhdarcho 11452:Azhdarchiformes 11442: 11423:Chaoyangopterus 11408: 11337: 11313: 11299:Montanazhdarcho 11252: 11212: 11210:Azhdarchomorpha 11179: 11152: 11106: 11069:Aymberedactylus 11050: 10978: 10954: 10942:Aymberedactylus 10917: 10897:Thalassodromeus 10826: 10801: 10790: 10781: 10769:Montanazhdarcho 10727: 10710: 10698:Domeykodactylus 10683: 10677:Tendaguripterus 10614: 10605: 10587: 10574: 10557: 10545: 10529: 10509: 10503:Altmuehlopterus 10460: 10419: 10395: 10346: 10318: 10223: 10206: 10170: 10164:Gallodactylidae 10144:Aurorazhdarchia 10138: 10116:Normannognathus 10092:Gallodactylidae 10080: 10071: 10047: 10034: 10028:Tendaguripterus 10020:Normannognathus 10013:Germanodactylus 10005:Altmuehlopterus 9990: 9969: 9956: 9939: 9901: 9881: 9795: 9760:Batrachognathus 9745: 9740:Vesperopterylus 9695: 9669: 9660: 9635: 9614: 9570:Wukongopterinae 9564: 9546:Wukongopteridae 9540: 9509: 9496:Normannognathus 9473: 9464: 9438: 9425: 9408: 9395: 9387: 9351: 9331: 9304:Jianchangnathus 9287:Scaphognathidae 9277:Digibrevisauria 9259: 9254:Rhamphorhynchus 9223: 9210:Qinglongopterus 9202:Harpactognathus 9170:Rhamphorhynchae 9164: 9159:Qinglongopterus 9138:Harpactognathus 9098: 9092:Scaphognathinae 9084:Parapsicephalus 9048: 9035: 9023:Bergamodactylus 9002: 8993: 8975: 8961: 8939:Parapsicephalus 8902: 8881: 8879:Macronychoptera 8872: 8854: 8832: 8804: 8798:Arcticodactylus 8779: 8767:Raeticodactylus 8728: 8694: 8677: 8657:Arcticodactylus 8642: 8636:Raeticodactylus 8601: 8589:Austriadactylus 8574: 8553: 8540: 8515: 8495: 8489:Avemetatarsalia 8474:Avemetatarsalia 8464: 8449:Avemetatarsalia 8414: 8413: 8403: 8398: 8338: 8333: 8319:Royal Air Force 8307: 8303: 8293: 8289: 8279: 8277: 8276:. Pterosaur.net 8272:Naish, Darren. 8270: 8266: 8253: 8249: 8242: 8228: 8224: 8189: 8185: 8154: 8150: 8115: 8108: 8079:(65): 507–509. 8065: 8061: 8042: 8038: 8025:(88): 420–422. 8015: 8011: 7988: 7979: 7960: 7956: 7941:10.1144/SP455.5 7917: 7913: 7900: 7896: 7881: 7877: 7856:(27): 225–226. 7842: 7835: 7823: 7819: 7810: 7806: 7751: 7742: 7721:(78): 529–557. 7703: 7696: 7684: 7680: 7653: 7649: 7610: 7606: 7593: 7589: 7570: 7566: 7547: 7543: 7528: 7524: 7511: 7507: 7500: 7486: 7482: 7441:(10): e110646. 7423: 7416: 7369: 7365: 7346: 7342: 7293:Rhamphorhynchus 7287: 7283: 7276: 7262: 7258: 7210: 7206: 7196: 7194: 7175: 7168: 7124: 7117: 7074: 7070: 7062: 7047: 7033: 7029: 6965: 6961: 6942: 6938: 6880: 6876: 6849: 6845: 6802: 6798: 6791: 6769: 6765: 6725: 6723:(Wagner, 1851)" 6711: 6700: 6673: 6669: 6626: 6622: 6614: 6610: 6602: 6566:(6030): 705–8. 6555: 6549: 6545: 6537: 6529: 6525: 6498: 6494: 6459: 6444: 6405:Germanodactylus 6401: 6394: 6363: 6348: 6335: 6324: 6303: 6296: 6280: 6276: 6269: 6255: 6251: 6232: 6228: 6185: 6158: 6136: 6132: 6114:Ornithocephalus 6108: 6104: 6096: 6092: 6073: 6066: 6044: 6040: 6027: 6023: 5988: 5977: 5962: 5958: 5939: 5935: 5928: 5914: 5907: 5860: 5851: 5818:(3): e2001663. 5804: 5797: 5758: 5747: 5723: 5717: 5710: 5679: 5675: 5662: 5658: 5654: 5637: 5554: 5549: 3670:Rhamphocephalus 3156: 3155:List of species 3116: 3113: 3110: 3107: 3087: 3085:List of species 2940: 2884:Germanodactylus 2577: 2571: 2568: 2565: 2549:Reginald Hooley 2473:Rhamphorhynchus 2460: 2457: 2454: 2451: 2445:Rhamphorhynchus 2417:Ornithocephalus 2388: 2385: 2382: 2379: 2373:Ornithocephalus 2352:Rhamphorhynchus 2312: 2307: 2298: 2289: 2280: 2251: 2208:Gallodactylidae 2156: 2076: 2067: 2058: 2049: 2040: 1974: 1965: 1929:Gallodactylidae 1786:Pterodactylidae 1759: 1550:Germanodactylus 1547:germanodactylid 1527:ctenochasmatids 1493:Rhamphorhynchus 1434: 1418: 1410:Rhamphorhynchus 1382: 1350:P. grandipelvis 1342: 1274:Rhamphorhynchus 1254: 1249: 1200:Germanodactylus 1166:ctenochasmatids 1119:Germanodactylus 1090: 1024:shoulder blades 802:natural history 741: 702:Rhamphorhynchus 693:Late Cretaceous 578: 575: 572: 541: 535: 528:Döderlein, 1929 526: 517: 508: 499: 489: 479: 470: 461: 449: 442:Sömmering, 1812 440: 434: 433: 426: 420: 405: 390: 381: 374:Sömmering, 1812 372: 370:Ornithocephalus 366: 365: 338: 319: 304: 282: 276: 250: 242: 229: 213: 200: 156: 126: 124: 123: 122: 121: 116: 111: 106: 101: 96: 91: 86: 81: 76: 71: 66: 61: 50: 49: 48: 41: 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 13580: 13570: 13569: 13564: 13559: 13554: 13549: 13530: 13529: 13527: 13526: 13513: 13500: 13485: 13469: 13467: 13461: 13460: 13448: 13447: 13435: 13423: 13400: 13399: 13397: 13396: 13391: 13386: 13381: 13376: 13371: 13366: 13361: 13355: 13353: 13349: 13348: 13346: 13345: 13340: 13335: 13330: 13325: 13320: 13315: 13310: 13305: 13300: 13294: 13292: 13288: 13287: 13285: 13284: 13279: 13277:Pterosaur wing 13274: 13269: 13268: 13267: 13262: 13257: 13247: 13242: 13236: 13234: 13228: 13227: 13225: 13224: 13219: 13214: 13213: 13212: 13202: 13197: 13192: 13191: 13190: 13185: 13180: 13175: 13170: 13165: 13160: 13155: 13145: 13139: 13137: 13131: 13130: 13123: 13121: 13119: 13118: 13113: 13108: 13103: 13098: 13093: 13088: 13083: 13078: 13073: 13068: 13066:Cephalopod fin 13063: 13057: 13055: 13049: 13048: 13033: 13032: 13025: 13018: 13010: 13001: 13000: 12997: 12996: 12975: 12973: 12970: 12969: 12966: 12965: 12962: 12961: 12958: 12957: 12954: 12953: 12950: 12949: 12946: 12945: 12942: 12941: 12938: 12937: 12935: 12934: 12927: 12920: 12913: 12906: 12898: 12894:Caulkicephalus 12890: 12882: 12880: 12874: 12873: 12871: 12870: 12867:Uktenadactylus 12863: 12855: 12848: 12845:Coloborhynchus 12841: 12833: 12831: 12824: 12823: 12821: 12820: 12813: 12806: 12798: 12790: 12782: 12774: 12765: 12763: 12753: 12747: 12746: 12744: 12743: 12736: 12728: 12726: 12719: 12718: 12716: 12715: 12707: 12698: 12692: 12687: 12684: 12683: 12680: 12679: 12676: 12675: 12673: 12672: 12669:Targaryendraco 12665: 12657: 12648: 12646: 12640: 12639: 12637: 12636: 12629: 12621: 12613: 12611: 12602: 12595: 12594: 12591: 12590: 12588: 12587: 12583:Uktenadactylus 12579: 12571: 12568:Ornithocheirus 12564: 12556: 12548: 12540: 12532: 12524: 12520:Coloborhynchus 12516: 12508: 12499: 12497: 12491: 12490: 12488: 12487: 12479: 12471: 12463: 12459:Caulkicephalus 12455: 12447: 12444:Arthurdactylus 12440: 12432: 12426: 12413: 12410:Ornithocheirae 12408: 12405: 12404: 12401: 12400: 12398: 12397: 12390: 12382: 12380: 12367: 12366: 12359: 12352: 12345: 12337: 12335: 12329: 12328: 12325: 12324: 12321: 12320: 12318: 12317: 12310: 12302: 12300: 12294: 12293: 12291: 12290: 12283: 12276: 12269: 12261: 12255: 12249: 12248: 12246: 12245: 12238: 12235:Linlongopterus 12231: 12223: 12221: 12219:Mimodactylidae 12215: 12214: 12212: 12211: 12207:Lonchodectidae 12203: 12196: 12193:Linlongopterus 12189: 12181: 12175: 12169: 12168: 12166: 12165: 12158: 12150: 12148: 12135: 12134: 12125: 12123: 12118: 12115: 12114: 12111: 12110: 12108: 12107: 12103:Targaryendraco 12099: 12091: 12084: 12076: 12067: 12065: 12063:Lonchodectidae 12059: 12058: 12056: 12055: 12048: 12041: 12033: 12023: 12018: 12015: 12014: 12011: 12010: 12007: 12006: 12003: 12002: 11999: 11998: 11996: 11995: 11987: 11980: 11977:Muzquizopteryx 11973: 11965: 11963: 11957: 11956: 11954: 11953: 11946: 11939: 11931: 11925: 11923:Aponyctosauria 11919: 11918: 11916: 11915: 11907: 11899: 11893: 11887: 11886: 11884: 11883: 11875: 11867: 11860: 11852: 11845: 11836: 11834: 11825: 11819: 11818: 11816: 11815: 11807: 11797: 11792: 11785: 11784: 11772: 11771: 11768: 11767: 11742: 11740: 11737: 11736: 11733: 11732: 11729: 11728: 11726: 11725: 11724: 11723: 11717: 11715: 11705: 11704: 11701: 11700: 11697: 11696: 11693: 11692: 11689: 11688: 11685: 11684: 11681: 11680: 11677: 11676: 11673: 11672: 11670: 11669: 11662: 11654: 11651:Thanatosdrakon 11647: 11644:Quetzalcoatlus 11640: 11637:Phosphatodraco 11633: 11626: 11619: 11612: 11609:Arambourgiania 11605: 11597: 11595: 11589: 11588: 11586: 11585: 11578: 11571: 11564: 11555: 11553: 11544: 11543: 11535: 11527: 11520: 11516:Navajodactylus 11512: 11505: 11496: 11494: 11485: 11484: 11476: 11469: 11460: 11454: 11448: 11447: 11444: 11443: 11441: 11440: 11437:Shenzhoupterus 11433: 11426: 11418: 11416: 11410: 11409: 11407: 11406: 11398: 11390: 11383: 11376: 11368: 11364:Argentinadraco 11360: 11351: 11345: 11339: 11338: 11336: 11335: 11327: 11321: 11315: 11314: 11312: 11311: 11303: 11295: 11287: 11279: 11275:Argentinadraco 11271: 11263: 11261: 11254: 11253: 11251: 11250: 11242: 11235: 11228: 11219: 11213: 11208: 11205: 11204: 11201: 11200: 11197: 11196: 11193: 11192: 11189: 11188: 11185: 11184: 11181: 11180: 11178: 11177: 11170: 11162: 11160: 11154: 11153: 11151: 11150: 11143: 11136: 11129: 11120: 11114: 11108: 11107: 11105: 11104: 11097: 11089: 11081: 11073: 11064: 11058: 11052: 11051: 11049: 11048: 11041: 11034: 11031:Nemicolopterus 11027: 11020: 11013: 11005: 10997: 10988: 10986: 10977: 10976: 10968: 10962: 10956: 10955: 10953: 10952: 10945: 10937: 10935: 10925: 10923:Tapejariformes 10919: 10918: 10916: 10915: 10907: 10900: 10893: 10885: 10877: 10870: 10862: 10858:Argentinadraco 10854: 10846: 10837: 10835: 10828: 10827: 10825: 10824: 10816: 10808: 10802: 10799:Tapejaromorpha 10797: 10791: 10786: 10783: 10782: 10780: 10779: 10772: 10765: 10757: 10749: 10742: 10739:Argentinadraco 10734: 10728: 10723: 10720: 10719: 10716: 10715: 10712: 10711: 10709: 10708: 10705:Dsungaripterus 10701: 10693: 10691: 10685: 10684: 10682: 10681: 10673: 10665: 10658: 10651: 10643: 10634: 10628: 10615: 10610: 10607: 10606: 10604: 10603: 10594: 10588: 10583: 10576: 10575: 10563: 10562: 10559: 10558: 10544: 10542: 10539: 10538: 10535: 10534: 10531: 10530: 10528: 10527: 10526: 10525: 10519: 10517: 10511: 10510: 10508: 10507: 10498: 10492: 10482: 10481: 10478: 10477: 10474: 10473: 10470: 10469: 10466: 10465: 10462: 10461: 10459: 10458: 10451: 10444: 10437: 10429: 10427: 10425:Pterodaustrini 10421: 10420: 10418: 10417: 10409: 10403: 10397: 10396: 10394: 10393: 10386: 10379: 10372: 10364: 10356: 10354: 10352:Gnathosaurinae 10348: 10347: 10345: 10344: 10337: 10329: 10327: 10324:Moganopterinae 10320: 10319: 10317: 10316: 10309: 10302: 10295: 10288: 10281: 10274: 10267: 10260: 10253: 10246: 10243:Balaenognathus 10239: 10230: 10224: 10219: 10216: 10215: 10212: 10211: 10208: 10207: 10205: 10204: 10196: 10193:Aurorazhdarcho 10189: 10180: 10178: 10172: 10171: 10169: 10168: 10160: 10152: 10146: 10140: 10139: 10137: 10136: 10132:Moganopterinae 10128: 10120: 10112: 10105: 10101:Aurorazhdarcho 10096: 10094: 10081: 10076: 10073: 10072: 10070: 10069: 10062: 10054: 10048: 10043: 10040: 10039: 10036: 10035: 10033: 10032: 10024: 10016: 10009: 10000: 9998: 9992: 9991: 9989: 9988: 9980: 9970: 9965: 9958: 9957: 9945: 9944: 9941: 9940: 9928: 9926: 9923: 9922: 9919: 9918: 9915: 9914: 9911: 9910: 9907: 9906: 9903: 9902: 9900: 9899: 9898: 9897: 9891: 9889: 9883: 9882: 9880: 9879: 9872: 9864: 9857: 9850: 9843: 9836: 9828: 9821: 9813: 9807: 9801: 9800: 9797: 9796: 9794: 9793: 9786: 9778: 9770: 9763: 9755: 9753: 9747: 9746: 9744: 9743: 9736: 9729: 9721: 9713: 9705: 9703: 9701:Anurognathinae 9697: 9696: 9694: 9693: 9685: 9679: 9677:Anurognathidae 9670: 9665: 9662: 9661: 9659: 9658: 9655:Douzhanopterus 9651: 9642: 9636: 9631: 9628: 9627: 9624: 9623: 9620: 9619: 9616: 9615: 9613: 9612: 9605: 9601:Douzhanopterus 9597: 9590: 9583: 9574: 9572: 9566: 9565: 9563: 9562: 9559:Kunpengopterus 9554: 9548: 9542: 9541: 9539: 9538: 9531: 9523: 9517: 9511: 9510: 9508: 9507: 9503:Anurognathidae 9499: 9492: 9484: 9474: 9471:Monofenestrata 9469: 9466: 9465: 9463: 9462: 9454: 9445: 9439: 9434: 9427: 9426: 9414: 9413: 9410: 9409: 9386: 9384: 9381: 9380: 9377: 9376: 9373: 9372: 9369: 9368: 9365: 9364: 9361: 9360: 9357: 9356: 9353: 9352: 9350: 9349: 9348: 9347: 9341: 9339: 9333: 9332: 9330: 9329: 9321: 9314: 9307: 9300: 9292: 9290: 9280: 9273: 9272: 9269: 9268: 9265: 9264: 9261: 9260: 9258: 9257: 9250: 9242: 9233: 9231: 9225: 9224: 9222: 9221: 9214: 9206: 9198: 9191: 9183: 9181: 9172: 9166: 9165: 9163: 9162: 9155: 9152:Orientognathus 9148: 9141: 9134: 9127: 9120: 9112: 9106: 9100: 9099: 9097: 9096: 9088: 9080: 9073: 9069:Dolicorhamphus 9064: 9058: 9049: 9046:Breviquartossa 9044: 9041: 9040: 9037: 9036: 9034: 9033: 9026: 9018: 9016: 9003: 8998: 8995: 8994: 8992: 8991: 8982: 8976: 8970: 8967: 8966: 8963: 8962: 8960: 8959: 8951: 8943: 8935: 8928: 8925:Caelestiventus 8921: 8912: 8910: 8904: 8903: 8901: 8900: 8892: 8882: 8877: 8874: 8873: 8871: 8870: 8861: 8855: 8851:Zambellisauria 8849: 8846: 8845: 8842: 8841: 8838: 8837: 8834: 8833: 8831: 8830: 8823: 8819:Carniadactylus 8814: 8812: 8806: 8805: 8803: 8802: 8793: 8787: 8781: 8780: 8778: 8777: 8770: 8763: 8756: 8747: 8745: 8736: 8730: 8729: 8727: 8726: 8718: 8710: 8701: 8695: 8690: 8687: 8686: 8683: 8682: 8679: 8678: 8676: 8675: 8672:Seazzadactylus 8668: 8661: 8652: 8650: 8644: 8643: 8641: 8640: 8632: 8625: 8621:Carniadactylus 8616: 8610: 8603: 8602: 8600: 8599: 8592: 8584: 8582: 8576: 8575: 8573: 8572: 8569:Daohugoupterus 8564: 8554: 8549: 8542: 8541: 8529: 8528: 8525: 8524: 8521: 8520: 8517: 8516: 8514: 8513: 8512: 8511: 8505: 8503: 8497: 8496: 8494: 8493: 8492: 8491: 8482: 8476: 8466: 8465: 8461: 8460: 8451: 8442: 8433: 8427: 8421: 8405: 8404: 8397: 8396: 8389: 8382: 8374: 8368: 8367: 8366:at Wikispecies 8353: 8337: 8336:External links 8334: 8332: 8331: 8301: 8287: 8264: 8247: 8240: 8222: 8183: 8148: 8129:(4): 872–878. 8106: 8059: 8036: 8009: 7977: 7954: 7911: 7894: 7875: 7833: 7817: 7804: 7765:(308): 1–112. 7757:Ornithocheirus 7740: 7709:Ornithocheirus 7694: 7678: 7647: 7604: 7587: 7564: 7541: 7522: 7505: 7498: 7480: 7414: 7379:(1): 105–137. 7363: 7340: 7297:Aspidorhynchus 7281: 7274: 7256: 7221:(1): e883238. 7204: 7166: 7134:(2): 215–229. 7115: 7088:(3): 503–511. 7068: 7027: 6959: 6936: 6874: 6843: 6832:(4): 592–595. 6796: 6789: 6763: 6736:(1): 125–147. 6698: 6667: 6620: 6608: 6543: 6523: 6512:(3): 421–441. 6492: 6473:(3): 542–554. 6442: 6392: 6373:(3): 432–444. 6346: 6322: 6294: 6274: 6267: 6249: 6226: 6199:(2): 269–289. 6156: 6130: 6102: 6090: 6064: 6060:Reptile volant 6038: 6021: 6002:(2): 157–175. 5975: 5956: 5933: 5926: 5905: 5878:(1): 277–286. 5849: 5795: 5768:(1): 139–190. 5745: 5734:(1): 117–125. 5708: 5689:(2): 120–129. 5673: 5655: 5653: 5650: 5649: 5648: 5643: 5636: 5633: 5553: 5550: 5546: 5545: 5542: 5541: 5539: 5534: 5531: 5524: 5518: 5517: 5515: 5510: 5507: 5504: 5498: 5497: 5489: 5484: 5481: 5478: 5472: 5471: 5469: 5464: 5461: 5456: 5450: 5449: 5447: 5441: 5438: 5435: 5429: 5428: 5426: 5420: 5417: 5414: 5408: 5407: 5405: 5397: 5394: 5389: 5383: 5382: 5376: 5370: 5367: 5364: 5358: 5357: 5355: 5349: 5342: 5333: 5327: 5326: 5324: 5316: 5313: 5310: 5304: 5303: 5301: 5293: 5290: 5287: 5281: 5280: 5272: 5267: 5264: 5261: 5255: 5254: 5252: 5244: 5241: 5238: 5232: 5231: 5229: 5224: 5221: 5218: 5212: 5211: 5209: 5203: 5200: 5197: 5191: 5190: 5188: 5183: 5180: 5177: 5171: 5170: 5164: 5159: 5156: 5153: 5147: 5146: 5140: 5135: 5132: 5129: 5123: 5122: 5120: 5115: 5112: 5109: 5103: 5102: 5096: 5091: 5088: 5085: 5079: 5078: 5076: 5071: 5068: 5065: 5059: 5058: 5052: 5047: 5044: 5041: 5035: 5034: 5024: 5019: 5016: 5013: 5007: 5006: 5000: 4992: 4989: 4986: 4980: 4979: 4974:Reassigned as 4972: 4969: 4966: 4961: 4955: 4954: 4948: 4943: 4940: 4937: 4931: 4930: 4924: 4919: 4916: 4913: 4907: 4906: 4904: 4896: 4893: 4890: 4884: 4883: 4881: 4873: 4870: 4865: 4859: 4858: 4852: 4844: 4841: 4838: 4832: 4831: 4829: 4822: 4819: 4814: 4808: 4807: 4801: 4796: 4793: 4790: 4784: 4783: 4781: 4775: 4772: 4769: 4763: 4762: 4760: 4754: 4751: 4748: 4742: 4741: 4739: 4733: 4730: 4727: 4721: 4720: 4718: 4712: 4709: 4706: 4700: 4699: 4697: 4689: 4686: 4683: 4677: 4676: 4674: 4669: 4666: 4663: 4657: 4656: 4654: 4649: 4646: 4643: 4637: 4636: 4634: 4628: 4625: 4622: 4616: 4615: 4613: 4605: 4602: 4599: 4593: 4592: 4577:Ornithocheirus 4572: 4567: 4564: 4561: 4555: 4554: 4552: 4544: 4541: 4538: 4532: 4531: 4525: 4519: 4516: 4513: 4507: 4506: 4504: 4498: 4495: 4492: 4486: 4485: 4479: 4474: 4471: 4468: 4462: 4461: 4451: 4446: 4443: 4440: 4434: 4433: 4427: 4422: 4419: 4416: 4410: 4409: 4407: 4401: 4398: 4395: 4389: 4388: 4386: 4380: 4377: 4374: 4368: 4367: 4365: 4359: 4356: 4353: 4347: 4346: 4340: 4334: 4331: 4328: 4322: 4321: 4319: 4313: 4310: 4307: 4301: 4300: 4290: 4288:Nomen rejectum 4285: 4282: 4279: 4273: 4272: 4264: 4261:Nomen rejectum 4257: 4254: 4251: 4245: 4244: 4242: 4236: 4233: 4230: 4224: 4223: 4221: 4215: 4212: 4209: 4203: 4202: 4194: 4189: 4186: 4181: 4175: 4174: 4172: 4166: 4163: 4160: 4154: 4153: 4151: 4145: 4134: 4123: 4117: 4116: 4110: 4104: 4101: 4098: 4092: 4091: 4085: 4079: 4076: 4073: 4067: 4066: 4064: 4056: 4053: 4050: 4044: 4043: 4041: 4033: 4030: 4027: 4021: 4020: 4018: 4012: 4009: 4006: 4000: 3999: 3997: 3991: 3988: 3983: 3977: 3976: 3974: 3966: 3959: 3950: 3944: 3943: 3937: 3931: 3928: 3925: 3919: 3918: 3916: 3910: 3907: 3904: 3898: 3897: 3891: 3883: 3880: 3873: 3867: 3866: 3860: 3852: 3849: 3846: 3840: 3839: 3833: 3828: 3825: 3822: 3816: 3815: 3813: 3807: 3804: 3801: 3795: 3794: 3792: 3786: 3783: 3780: 3774: 3773: 3767: 3761: 3758: 3755: 3749: 3748: 3746: 3740: 3737: 3734: 3728: 3727: 3717: 3709: 3706: 3703: 3697: 3696: 3694: 3686: 3683: 3680: 3674: 3673: 3665: 3661:Indeterminate 3659: 3656: 3653: 3647: 3646: 3640: 3634: 3631: 3628: 3622: 3621: 3615: 3609: 3606: 3603: 3597: 3596: 3588: 3583: 3580: 3575: 3569: 3568: 3566: 3560: 3553: 3544: 3538: 3537: 3535: 3527: 3524: 3519: 3513: 3512: 3510: 3504: 3501: 3498: 3492: 3491: 3485: 3480: 3477: 3474: 3468: 3467: 3461: 3453: 3450: 3447: 3441: 3440: 3434: 3428: 3425: 3422: 3416: 3415: 3413: 3405: 3402: 3397: 3391: 3390: 3382: 3375: 3372: 3369: 3363: 3362: 3360: 3354: 3351: 3348: 3342: 3341: 3335: 3330: 3327: 3324: 3318: 3317: 3315: 3309: 3306: 3301: 3295: 3294: 3282: 3275: 3272: 3269: 3263: 3262: 3256: 3248: 3245: 3242: 3236: 3235: 3233: 3226: 3223: 3220: 3214: 3213: 3198: 3195: 3192: 3185: 3179: 3178: 3175: 3172: 3169: 3166: 3158: 3157: 3154: 3149: 3143:nomina rejecta 3114:doubtful names 3086: 3083: 2939: 2936: 2896:P. longicollum 2880:P. longicollum 2878:. Unwin found 2868:P. longicollum 2860:P. longicollum 2856:Aurorazhdarcho 2770:Ornithocheirus 2670:Ornithocheirus 2657:Ornithocheirus 2632:; in honor of 2479:. The species 2469:P. longicaudus 2425:O. longicaudus 2311: 2308: 2304: 2303: 2300: 2299: 2295: 2294: 2291: 2290: 2286: 2285: 2282: 2281: 2277: 2276: 2273: 2272: 2260: 2257: 2256: 2253: 2252: 2248: 2247: 2244: 2243: 2234: 2231: 2230: 2227: 2226: 2217: 2212: 2210: 2202: 2200: 2194: 2193: 2190: 2189: 2175: 2170: 2168: 2162: 2161: 2158: 2157: 2153: 2152: 2149: 2148: 2134: 2131: 2130: 2127: 2126: 2117: 2112: 2110: 2102: 2100: 2092: 2073: 2072: 2069: 2068: 2064: 2063: 2060: 2059: 2055: 2054: 2051: 2050: 2046: 2045: 2042: 2041: 2037: 2036: 2033: 2032: 2015: 2012: 2011: 2008: 2007: 1993: 1988: 1986: 1980: 1979: 1976: 1975: 1971: 1970: 1967: 1966: 1962: 1961: 1958: 1957: 1945: 1942: 1941: 1938: 1937: 1925: 1920: 1918: 1912: 1911: 1908: 1907: 1898: 1893: 1891: 1883: 1881: 1875: 1874: 1871: 1870: 1856: 1851: 1849: 1846: 1845: 1842: 1841: 1832: 1827: 1825: 1817: 1758: 1757:Classification 1755: 1741:Aspidorhynchus 1737:aspidorhynchid 1612:metriorhynchid 1608:Crocodylomorph 1517:Aurorazhdarcho 1503:gallodactylids 1433: 1430: 1417: 1414: 1381: 1378: 1341: 1338: 1262:P. spectabilis 1253: 1250: 1248: 1245: 1125:Aurorazhdarcho 1089: 1086: 1084:of the genus. 938:, where Baron 907:Georges Cuvier 899:Johann Hermann 835:Aurorazhdarcho 740: 737: 689:Quetzalcoatlus 680:Quetzalcoatlus 543: 542: 540: 539: 530: 521: 512: 503: 501:(Wagner, 1837) 493: 483: 474: 472:(Cuvier, 1819) 465: 463:(Cuvier, 1819) 456: 444: 429: 428: 427: 425: 424: 412: 397: 388:Macrotrachelus 385: 376: 363:Genus synonymy 361: 360: 359: 356: 355: 349: 348: 347: 346: 327: 308: 291: 290: 284: 283: 277: 265: 264: 258: 257: 240: 236: 235: 227: 220: 219: 211: 207: 206: 198: 194: 193: 188: 184: 183: 178: 174: 173: 168: 164: 163: 150: 149: 137: 136: 128: 127: 119: 118: 117: 112: 107: 102: 97: 92: 87: 82: 77: 72: 67: 62: 57: 42: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 13579: 13568: 13565: 13563: 13560: 13558: 13555: 13553: 13550: 13548: 13545: 13544: 13542: 13535: 13523: 13518: 13514: 13510: 13505: 13501: 13496: 13495:Pterodactylus 13490: 13486: 13481: 13475: 13471: 13470: 13468: 13466: 13465:Pterodactylus 13462: 13458: 13453: 13446: 13441: 13436: 13434: 13424: 13422: 13412: 13411: 13408: 13395: 13392: 13390: 13387: 13385: 13382: 13380: 13377: 13375: 13372: 13370: 13367: 13365: 13362: 13360: 13357: 13356: 13354: 13350: 13344: 13341: 13339: 13336: 13334: 13331: 13329: 13326: 13324: 13321: 13319: 13316: 13314: 13311: 13309: 13306: 13304: 13301: 13299: 13296: 13295: 13293: 13289: 13283: 13280: 13278: 13275: 13273: 13270: 13266: 13263: 13261: 13258: 13256: 13253: 13252: 13251: 13248: 13246: 13243: 13241: 13238: 13237: 13235: 13233: 13229: 13223: 13220: 13218: 13215: 13211: 13208: 13207: 13206: 13203: 13201: 13198: 13196: 13193: 13189: 13186: 13184: 13181: 13179: 13176: 13174: 13171: 13169: 13166: 13164: 13161: 13159: 13156: 13154: 13151: 13150: 13149: 13146: 13144: 13141: 13140: 13138: 13136: 13132: 13127: 13117: 13114: 13112: 13111:Pectoral fins 13109: 13107: 13104: 13102: 13099: 13097: 13094: 13092: 13089: 13087: 13084: 13082: 13079: 13077: 13074: 13072: 13069: 13067: 13064: 13062: 13059: 13058: 13056: 13054: 13050: 13046: 13042: 13038: 13031: 13026: 13024: 13019: 13017: 13012: 13011: 13008: 12993: 12989: 12987: 12980: 12933: 12932: 12931:Maaradactylus 12928: 12926: 12925: 12921: 12919: 12918: 12914: 12912: 12911: 12907: 12904: 12903: 12902:Cearadactylus 12899: 12896: 12895: 12891: 12889: 12888: 12884: 12883: 12881: 12879: 12878:Anhanguerinae 12875: 12869: 12868: 12864: 12861: 12860: 12859:Siroccopteryx 12856: 12854: 12853: 12849: 12847: 12846: 12842: 12840: 12839: 12835: 12834: 12832: 12829: 12825: 12819: 12818: 12817:Tropeognathus 12814: 12812: 12811: 12807: 12804: 12803: 12802:Siroccopteryx 12799: 12796: 12795: 12791: 12788: 12787: 12783: 12780: 12779: 12775: 12772: 12771: 12767: 12766: 12764: 12761: 12757: 12754: 12752: 12751:Anhangueridae 12748: 12742: 12741: 12740:Iberodactylus 12737: 12735: 12734: 12730: 12729: 12727: 12724: 12720: 12713: 12712: 12708: 12705: 12704: 12700: 12699: 12696: 12693: 12690: 12685: 12671: 12670: 12666: 12663: 12662: 12658: 12655: 12654: 12650: 12649: 12647: 12645: 12641: 12635: 12634: 12633:Cimoliopterus 12630: 12627: 12626: 12625:Camposipterus 12622: 12620: 12619: 12615: 12614: 12612: 12610: 12606: 12603: 12600: 12596: 12585: 12584: 12580: 12577: 12576: 12575:Siroccopteryx 12572: 12570: 12569: 12565: 12562: 12561: 12557: 12554: 12553: 12549: 12546: 12545: 12541: 12538: 12537: 12533: 12530: 12529: 12525: 12522: 12521: 12517: 12514: 12513: 12512:Camposipterus 12509: 12506: 12505: 12501: 12500: 12498: 12496: 12492: 12485: 12484: 12483:Tropeognathus 12480: 12477: 12476: 12472: 12469: 12468: 12467:Cimoliopterus 12464: 12461: 12460: 12456: 12453: 12452: 12451:Camposipterus 12448: 12446: 12445: 12441: 12439: 12438: 12437:Araripesaurus 12434: 12433: 12430: 12427: 12425: 12421: 12417: 12414: 12411: 12406: 12396: 12395: 12391: 12389: 12388: 12384: 12383: 12381: 12379: 12378:Boreopteridae 12375: 12371: 12365: 12364: 12360: 12358: 12357: 12356:Cearadactylus 12353: 12351: 12350: 12346: 12344: 12343: 12339: 12338: 12336: 12334: 12330: 12316: 12315: 12311: 12309: 12308: 12307:Istiodactylus 12304: 12303: 12301: 12299: 12295: 12289: 12288: 12284: 12282: 12281: 12277: 12275: 12274: 12270: 12268: 12267: 12263: 12262: 12259: 12256: 12254: 12250: 12244: 12243: 12239: 12237: 12236: 12232: 12230: 12229: 12225: 12224: 12222: 12220: 12216: 12209: 12208: 12204: 12202: 12201: 12200:Yixianopterus 12197: 12195: 12194: 12190: 12188: 12187: 12183: 12182: 12179: 12176: 12174: 12170: 12164: 12163: 12159: 12157: 12156: 12152: 12151: 12149: 12147: 12143: 12139: 12132: 12131: 12127: 12126: 12124: 12121: 12116: 12105: 12104: 12100: 12097: 12096: 12092: 12090: 12089: 12085: 12082: 12081: 12077: 12074: 12073: 12069: 12068: 12066: 12064: 12060: 12054: 12053: 12049: 12047: 12046: 12042: 12040: 12039: 12035: 12034: 12031: 12027: 12024: 12021: 12016: 11993: 11992: 11988: 11986: 11985: 11981: 11979: 11978: 11974: 11972: 11971: 11967: 11966: 11964: 11962: 11961:Nyctosauridae 11958: 11952: 11951: 11947: 11945: 11944: 11940: 11938: 11937: 11933: 11932: 11929: 11926: 11924: 11920: 11913: 11912: 11908: 11906: 11905: 11904:Alamodactylus 11901: 11900: 11897: 11894: 11892: 11888: 11881: 11880: 11876: 11873: 11872: 11868: 11866: 11865: 11861: 11858: 11857: 11853: 11851: 11850: 11846: 11843: 11842: 11838: 11837: 11835: 11833: 11829: 11826: 11824: 11823:Pteranodontia 11820: 11814: 11813: 11809: 11808: 11805: 11801: 11798: 11795: 11790: 11786: 11782: 11777: 11773: 11763: 11758: 11755: 11747: 11721: 11720: 11719: 11718: 11716: 11714: 11710: 11706: 11668: 11667: 11663: 11660: 11659: 11658:Wellnhopterus 11655: 11653: 11652: 11648: 11646: 11645: 11641: 11639: 11638: 11634: 11632: 11631: 11630:Hatzegopteryx 11627: 11625: 11624: 11620: 11618: 11617: 11613: 11611: 11610: 11606: 11604: 11603: 11602:Aralazhdarcho 11599: 11598: 11596: 11594: 11590: 11584: 11583: 11579: 11577: 11576: 11572: 11570: 11569: 11565: 11562: 11561: 11557: 11556: 11554: 11552: 11548: 11541: 11540: 11536: 11533: 11532: 11528: 11526: 11525: 11521: 11518: 11517: 11513: 11511: 11510: 11506: 11503: 11502: 11498: 11497: 11495: 11493: 11489: 11482: 11481: 11477: 11475: 11474: 11473:Radiodactylus 11470: 11467: 11466: 11462: 11461: 11458: 11455: 11453: 11449: 11439: 11438: 11434: 11432: 11431: 11427: 11425: 11424: 11420: 11419: 11417: 11415: 11411: 11404: 11403: 11399: 11396: 11395: 11391: 11389: 11388: 11384: 11382: 11381: 11377: 11374: 11373: 11369: 11366: 11365: 11361: 11358: 11357: 11356:Apatorhamphus 11353: 11352: 11349: 11346: 11344: 11340: 11334: 11333: 11329: 11328: 11325: 11322: 11320: 11316: 11309: 11308: 11304: 11301: 11300: 11296: 11293: 11292: 11288: 11285: 11284: 11280: 11277: 11276: 11272: 11270: 11269: 11265: 11264: 11262: 11259: 11255: 11248: 11247: 11243: 11241: 11240: 11236: 11234: 11233: 11229: 11226: 11225: 11221: 11220: 11217: 11214: 11211: 11206: 11176: 11175: 11171: 11169: 11168: 11164: 11163: 11161: 11159: 11155: 11149: 11148: 11147:Tupandactylus 11144: 11142: 11141: 11137: 11135: 11134: 11130: 11127: 11126: 11122: 11121: 11118: 11115: 11113: 11109: 11103: 11102: 11098: 11095: 11094: 11090: 11087: 11086: 11082: 11079: 11078: 11077:Caupedactylus 11074: 11071: 11070: 11066: 11065: 11062: 11059: 11057: 11053: 11047: 11046: 11042: 11040: 11039: 11035: 11033: 11032: 11028: 11026: 11025: 11021: 11019: 11018: 11014: 11011: 11010: 11006: 11003: 11002: 10998: 10995: 10994: 10990: 10989: 10987: 10985: 10981: 10975: 10974: 10970: 10969: 10966: 10963: 10961: 10957: 10951: 10950: 10949:Caupedactylus 10946: 10944: 10943: 10939: 10938: 10936: 10933: 10932:Caupedactylia 10929: 10926: 10924: 10920: 10913: 10912: 10908: 10906: 10905: 10901: 10899: 10898: 10894: 10891: 10890: 10886: 10883: 10882: 10878: 10876: 10875: 10871: 10868: 10867: 10863: 10860: 10859: 10855: 10852: 10851: 10847: 10844: 10843: 10839: 10838: 10836: 10833: 10829: 10822: 10821: 10817: 10815: 10814: 10810: 10809: 10806: 10803: 10800: 10795: 10792: 10789: 10788:Neoazhdarchia 10784: 10778: 10777: 10773: 10771: 10770: 10766: 10763: 10762: 10758: 10755: 10754: 10750: 10748: 10747: 10743: 10741: 10740: 10736: 10735: 10732: 10729: 10726: 10725:Azhdarchoidea 10721: 10707: 10706: 10702: 10700: 10699: 10695: 10694: 10692: 10690: 10686: 10679: 10678: 10674: 10671: 10670: 10669:Puntanipterus 10666: 10664: 10663: 10659: 10657: 10656: 10652: 10649: 10648: 10644: 10641: 10640: 10636: 10635: 10632: 10629: 10627: 10623: 10619: 10616: 10613: 10608: 10601: 10600: 10596: 10595: 10592: 10589: 10586: 10581: 10577: 10573: 10568: 10564: 10555: 10549: 10523: 10522: 10521: 10520: 10518: 10516: 10512: 10505: 10504: 10500: 10499: 10496: 10493: 10491: 10487: 10483: 10457: 10456: 10452: 10450: 10449: 10445: 10443: 10442: 10438: 10436: 10435: 10434:Beipiaopterus 10431: 10430: 10428: 10426: 10422: 10416: 10415: 10411: 10410: 10407: 10404: 10402: 10398: 10392: 10391: 10390:Tacuadactylus 10387: 10385: 10384: 10380: 10378: 10377: 10373: 10370: 10369: 10365: 10363: 10362: 10358: 10357: 10355: 10353: 10349: 10343: 10342: 10338: 10336: 10335: 10331: 10330: 10328: 10325: 10321: 10315: 10314: 10310: 10308: 10307: 10303: 10301: 10300: 10296: 10294: 10293: 10289: 10287: 10286: 10282: 10280: 10279: 10275: 10273: 10272: 10271:Forfexopterus 10268: 10266: 10265: 10264:Elanodactylus 10261: 10259: 10258: 10257:Cratonopterus 10254: 10252: 10251: 10250:Cathayopterus 10247: 10245: 10244: 10240: 10237: 10236: 10235:Ardeadactylus 10232: 10231: 10228: 10225: 10222: 10217: 10202: 10201: 10197: 10195: 10194: 10190: 10187: 10186: 10185:Ardeadactylus 10182: 10181: 10179: 10177: 10173: 10166: 10165: 10161: 10159: 10158: 10154: 10153: 10150: 10147: 10145: 10141: 10134: 10133: 10129: 10126: 10125: 10121: 10118: 10117: 10113: 10111: 10110: 10109:Cycnorhamphus 10106: 10103: 10102: 10098: 10097: 10095: 10093: 10089: 10085: 10082: 10079: 10074: 10068: 10067: 10066:Pterodactylus 10063: 10061: 10060: 10059:Diopecephalus 10056: 10055: 10052: 10049: 10046: 10041: 10030: 10029: 10025: 10022: 10021: 10017: 10015: 10014: 10010: 10007: 10006: 10002: 10001: 9999: 9997: 9993: 9987: 9986: 9985:Prejanopterus 9982: 9981: 9978: 9974: 9971: 9968: 9963: 9959: 9955: 9950: 9946: 9937: 9932: 9895: 9894: 9893: 9892: 9890: 9888: 9884: 9878: 9877: 9873: 9870: 9869: 9865: 9863: 9862: 9858: 9856: 9855: 9851: 9849: 9848: 9844: 9842: 9841: 9837: 9834: 9833: 9832:Herbstosaurus 9829: 9827: 9826: 9825:Eurolimnornis 9822: 9820: 9819: 9818:Dermodactylus 9815: 9814: 9811: 9808: 9806: 9802: 9792: 9791: 9787: 9784: 9783: 9779: 9776: 9775: 9771: 9769: 9768: 9764: 9762: 9761: 9757: 9756: 9754: 9752: 9748: 9742: 9741: 9737: 9735: 9734: 9730: 9727: 9726: 9722: 9719: 9718: 9714: 9712: 9711: 9707: 9706: 9704: 9702: 9698: 9692: 9691: 9687: 9686: 9683: 9680: 9678: 9674: 9671: 9668: 9667:Caelidracones 9663: 9657: 9656: 9652: 9649: 9648: 9644: 9643: 9640: 9637: 9634: 9629: 9611: 9610: 9609:Wukongopterus 9606: 9603: 9602: 9598: 9596: 9595: 9594:Darwinopterus 9591: 9589: 9588: 9587:Cuspicephalus 9584: 9581: 9580: 9576: 9575: 9573: 9571: 9567: 9561: 9560: 9556: 9555: 9552: 9549: 9547: 9543: 9537: 9536: 9535:Pterorhynchus 9532: 9530: 9529: 9525: 9524: 9521: 9518: 9516: 9512: 9505: 9504: 9500: 9498: 9497: 9493: 9491: 9490: 9486: 9485: 9482: 9478: 9475: 9472: 9467: 9460: 9459: 9455: 9452: 9451: 9447: 9446: 9443: 9440: 9437: 9432: 9428: 9424: 9419: 9415: 9406: 9402: 9399: 9391: 9345: 9344: 9343: 9342: 9340: 9338: 9334: 9327: 9326: 9322: 9320: 9319: 9318:Scaphognathus 9315: 9313: 9312: 9308: 9306: 9305: 9301: 9299: 9298: 9294: 9293: 9291: 9288: 9284: 9281: 9278: 9274: 9256: 9255: 9251: 9248: 9247: 9243: 9240: 9239: 9235: 9234: 9232: 9230: 9226: 9220: 9219: 9215: 9212: 9211: 9207: 9204: 9203: 9199: 9197: 9196: 9192: 9190: 9189: 9185: 9184: 9182: 9180: 9176: 9173: 9171: 9167: 9161: 9160: 9156: 9154: 9153: 9149: 9147: 9146: 9142: 9140: 9139: 9135: 9133: 9132: 9128: 9126: 9125: 9121: 9119: 9118: 9114: 9113: 9110: 9107: 9105: 9101: 9094: 9093: 9089: 9086: 9085: 9081: 9079: 9078: 9074: 9071: 9070: 9066: 9065: 9062: 9059: 9057: 9053: 9050: 9047: 9042: 9032: 9031: 9027: 9025: 9024: 9020: 9019: 9017: 9015: 9011: 9007: 9004: 9001: 8996: 8989: 8988: 8987:Eudimorphodon 8984: 8983: 8980: 8977: 8973: 8968: 8957: 8956: 8952: 8949: 8948: 8947:Peteinosaurus 8944: 8941: 8940: 8936: 8934: 8933: 8929: 8927: 8926: 8922: 8919: 8918: 8914: 8913: 8911: 8909: 8905: 8899: 8898: 8897:Herbstosaurus 8894: 8893: 8890: 8886: 8883: 8880: 8875: 8868: 8867: 8866:Peteinosaurus 8863: 8862: 8859: 8856: 8852: 8847: 8829: 8828: 8827:Eudimorphodon 8824: 8821: 8820: 8816: 8815: 8813: 8811: 8807: 8800: 8799: 8795: 8794: 8791: 8788: 8786: 8782: 8776: 8775: 8771: 8769: 8768: 8764: 8762: 8761: 8757: 8754: 8753: 8749: 8748: 8746: 8744: 8740: 8737: 8735: 8731: 8724: 8723: 8722:Preondactylia 8719: 8716: 8715: 8714:Peteinosaurus 8711: 8708: 8707: 8703: 8702: 8699: 8696: 8693: 8692:Eopterosauria 8688: 8674: 8673: 8669: 8667: 8666: 8662: 8659: 8658: 8654: 8653: 8651: 8649: 8645: 8638: 8637: 8633: 8631: 8630: 8626: 8623: 8622: 8618: 8617: 8614: 8611: 8608: 8604: 8598: 8597: 8596:Preondactylus 8593: 8591: 8590: 8586: 8585: 8583: 8581: 8580:Preondactylia 8577: 8571: 8570: 8566: 8565: 8562: 8558: 8555: 8552: 8547: 8543: 8539: 8534: 8530: 8509: 8508: 8507: 8506: 8504: 8502: 8498: 8490: 8486: 8485: 8484: 8483: 8480: 8477: 8475: 8471: 8467: 8459: 8455: 8452: 8450: 8446: 8443: 8441: 8437: 8434: 8432: 8428: 8426: 8422: 8420: 8416: 8415: 8410: 8406: 8402: 8395: 8390: 8388: 8383: 8381: 8376: 8375: 8372: 8365: 8364: 8363:Pterodactylus 8358: 8354: 8351: 8350: 8349:Pterodactylus 8344: 8340: 8339: 8328: 8324: 8320: 8316: 8312: 8311: 8305: 8298: 8297: 8291: 8275: 8268: 8260: 8259: 8251: 8243: 8237: 8233: 8226: 8218: 8214: 8210: 8206: 8202: 8198: 8194: 8187: 8179: 8175: 8171: 8167: 8163: 8159: 8152: 8144: 8140: 8136: 8132: 8128: 8124: 8120: 8113: 8111: 8102: 8098: 8094: 8090: 8086: 8082: 8078: 8074: 8070: 8063: 8055: 8051: 8047: 8040: 8032: 8028: 8024: 8020: 8013: 8005: 8001: 7997: 7995: 7986: 7984: 7982: 7973: 7969: 7965: 7958: 7950: 7946: 7942: 7938: 7934: 7930: 7926: 7924: 7915: 7908: 7904: 7898: 7890: 7886: 7879: 7871: 7867: 7863: 7859: 7855: 7851: 7847: 7840: 7838: 7831: 7827: 7821: 7814: 7808: 7800: 7796: 7791: 7786: 7781: 7776: 7772: 7768: 7764: 7760: 7758: 7749: 7747: 7745: 7736: 7732: 7728: 7724: 7720: 7716: 7712: 7710: 7701: 7699: 7691: 7688: 7682: 7674: 7670: 7666: 7662: 7658: 7651: 7643: 7639: 7635: 7631: 7627: 7623: 7619: 7617: 7608: 7600: 7599: 7591: 7583: 7579: 7575: 7568: 7560: 7557:(in German). 7556: 7552: 7545: 7537: 7533: 7526: 7518: 7517: 7509: 7501: 7495: 7491: 7484: 7476: 7472: 7467: 7462: 7457: 7452: 7448: 7444: 7440: 7436: 7432: 7430: 7421: 7419: 7410: 7406: 7402: 7398: 7394: 7390: 7386: 7382: 7378: 7374: 7367: 7359: 7355: 7351: 7344: 7336: 7332: 7327: 7322: 7317: 7312: 7309:(3): e31945. 7308: 7304: 7300: 7298: 7294: 7285: 7277: 7275:1-84028-152-9 7271: 7267: 7260: 7252: 7248: 7244: 7240: 7236: 7232: 7228: 7224: 7220: 7216: 7208: 7192: 7188: 7184: 7180: 7173: 7171: 7163: 7159: 7155: 7150: 7145: 7141: 7137: 7133: 7129: 7122: 7120: 7111: 7107: 7103: 7099: 7095: 7091: 7087: 7083: 7079: 7072: 7061: 7057: 7053: 7046: 7044: 7040: 7031: 7023: 7019: 7014: 7009: 7005: 7001: 6996: 6991: 6987: 6983: 6980:(9): e44985. 6979: 6975: 6971: 6963: 6955: 6951: 6947: 6940: 6932: 6928: 6924: 6920: 6915: 6910: 6906: 6902: 6898: 6894: 6890: 6886: 6878: 6870: 6866: 6862: 6858: 6854: 6847: 6839: 6835: 6831: 6827: 6823: 6819: 6815: 6813: 6809: 6800: 6792: 6786: 6782: 6778: 6774: 6767: 6759: 6755: 6751: 6747: 6743: 6739: 6735: 6731: 6724: 6722: 6718: 6709: 6707: 6705: 6703: 6694: 6690: 6686: 6682: 6678: 6671: 6663: 6659: 6655: 6651: 6647: 6643: 6639: 6635: 6631: 6624: 6618: 6612: 6601: 6597: 6593: 6589: 6585: 6581: 6577: 6573: 6569: 6565: 6561: 6554: 6547: 6536: 6535: 6527: 6519: 6515: 6511: 6507: 6503: 6496: 6488: 6484: 6480: 6476: 6472: 6468: 6464: 6457: 6455: 6453: 6451: 6449: 6447: 6438: 6434: 6430: 6426: 6422: 6418: 6414: 6410: 6406: 6399: 6397: 6388: 6384: 6380: 6376: 6372: 6368: 6361: 6359: 6357: 6355: 6353: 6351: 6342: 6341: 6333: 6331: 6329: 6327: 6318: 6314: 6310: 6309: 6301: 6299: 6290: 6289: 6284: 6278: 6270: 6264: 6260: 6253: 6245: 6242:(in German). 6241: 6237: 6230: 6222: 6218: 6214: 6210: 6206: 6202: 6198: 6194: 6190: 6183: 6181: 6179: 6177: 6175: 6173: 6171: 6169: 6167: 6165: 6163: 6161: 6152: 6148: 6144: 6143: 6134: 6126: 6122: 6118: 6115: 6106: 6099: 6094: 6086: 6082: 6078: 6071: 6069: 6061: 6057: 6054:(in French). 6053: 6049: 6042: 6034: 6033: 6025: 6017: 6013: 6009: 6005: 6001: 5997: 5993: 5986: 5984: 5982: 5980: 5971: 5967: 5960: 5952: 5948: 5944: 5937: 5929: 5927:0-13-146308-X 5923: 5919: 5912: 5910: 5901: 5897: 5893: 5889: 5885: 5881: 5877: 5873: 5869: 5867: 5858: 5856: 5854: 5845: 5841: 5836: 5831: 5826: 5821: 5817: 5813: 5809: 5802: 5800: 5791: 5787: 5783: 5779: 5775: 5771: 5767: 5763: 5756: 5754: 5752: 5750: 5741: 5737: 5733: 5729: 5722: 5715: 5713: 5704: 5700: 5696: 5692: 5688: 5684: 5677: 5669: 5668: 5660: 5656: 5647: 5644: 5642: 5639: 5638: 5632: 5630: 5626: 5625:Pterodactylus 5622: 5618: 5615: 5611: 5607: 5606:Pterodactylus 5602: 5600: 5599:Pterodactylus 5596: 5595:Pterodactylus 5592: 5591:Pterodactylus 5588: 5587: 5582: 5581:Pterodactylus 5578: 5574: 5570: 5569:Pterodactylus 5563: 5558: 5540: 5538: 5535: 5532: 5529: 5525: 5523: 5520: 5519: 5516: 5514: 5511: 5508: 5505: 5503: 5500: 5499: 5496: 5495: 5490: 5488: 5485: 5482: 5479: 5477: 5474: 5473: 5470: 5468: 5465: 5462: 5460: 5457: 5455: 5452: 5451: 5448: 5446: 5442: 5439: 5436: 5434: 5431: 5430: 5427: 5425: 5421: 5418: 5415: 5413: 5410: 5409: 5406: 5404: 5403: 5398: 5395: 5393: 5390: 5388: 5385: 5384: 5381: 5377: 5375: 5371: 5368: 5365: 5363: 5360: 5359: 5356: 5354: 5350: 5347: 5343: 5340: 5337: 5334: 5332: 5329: 5328: 5325: 5323: 5322: 5317: 5314: 5311: 5309: 5306: 5305: 5302: 5300: 5299: 5294: 5291: 5288: 5286: 5283: 5282: 5279: 5278: 5273: 5271: 5268: 5265: 5262: 5260: 5257: 5256: 5253: 5251: 5250: 5245: 5242: 5239: 5237: 5234: 5233: 5230: 5228: 5225: 5222: 5219: 5217: 5214: 5213: 5210: 5208: 5204: 5201: 5198: 5196: 5193: 5192: 5189: 5187: 5184: 5181: 5178: 5176: 5173: 5172: 5169: 5165: 5163: 5160: 5157: 5154: 5152: 5149: 5148: 5145: 5141: 5139: 5136: 5133: 5130: 5128: 5125: 5124: 5121: 5119: 5116: 5113: 5110: 5108: 5105: 5104: 5101: 5097: 5095: 5092: 5089: 5086: 5084: 5081: 5080: 5077: 5075: 5072: 5069: 5066: 5064: 5061: 5060: 5057: 5053: 5051: 5048: 5045: 5042: 5040: 5037: 5036: 5033: 5029: 5025: 5023: 5020: 5017: 5014: 5012: 5009: 5008: 5005: 5001: 4999: 4998: 4993: 4990: 4987: 4985: 4982: 4981: 4977: 4973: 4970: 4967: 4965: 4962: 4960: 4957: 4956: 4953: 4949: 4947: 4944: 4941: 4938: 4936: 4933: 4932: 4929: 4925: 4923: 4920: 4917: 4914: 4912: 4909: 4908: 4905: 4903: 4902: 4897: 4894: 4891: 4889: 4886: 4885: 4882: 4880: 4879: 4874: 4871: 4869: 4866: 4864: 4861: 4860: 4857: 4853: 4851: 4850: 4845: 4842: 4839: 4837: 4834: 4833: 4830: 4828: 4827: 4823: 4820: 4818: 4815: 4813: 4810: 4809: 4806: 4802: 4800: 4797: 4794: 4791: 4789: 4786: 4785: 4782: 4780: 4776: 4773: 4770: 4768: 4765: 4764: 4761: 4759: 4755: 4752: 4749: 4747: 4744: 4743: 4740: 4738: 4734: 4731: 4728: 4726: 4723: 4722: 4719: 4717: 4713: 4710: 4707: 4705: 4702: 4701: 4698: 4696: 4695: 4690: 4687: 4684: 4682: 4679: 4678: 4675: 4673: 4670: 4667: 4664: 4662: 4659: 4658: 4655: 4653: 4650: 4647: 4644: 4642: 4639: 4638: 4635: 4633: 4629: 4626: 4623: 4621: 4618: 4617: 4614: 4612: 4611: 4606: 4603: 4600: 4598: 4595: 4594: 4591: 4587: 4585: 4580: 4578: 4573: 4571: 4568: 4565: 4562: 4560: 4557: 4556: 4553: 4551: 4550: 4545: 4542: 4539: 4537: 4534: 4533: 4530: 4526: 4524: 4520: 4517: 4514: 4512: 4509: 4508: 4505: 4503: 4499: 4496: 4493: 4491: 4488: 4487: 4484: 4480: 4478: 4475: 4472: 4469: 4467: 4464: 4463: 4460: 4456: 4452: 4450: 4447: 4444: 4441: 4439: 4436: 4435: 4432: 4428: 4426: 4423: 4420: 4417: 4415: 4412: 4411: 4408: 4406: 4402: 4399: 4396: 4394: 4391: 4390: 4387: 4385: 4381: 4378: 4375: 4373: 4370: 4369: 4366: 4364: 4360: 4357: 4354: 4352: 4349: 4348: 4345: 4341: 4339: 4335: 4332: 4329: 4327: 4324: 4323: 4320: 4318: 4314: 4311: 4308: 4306: 4303: 4302: 4299: 4295: 4291: 4289: 4286: 4283: 4280: 4278: 4275: 4274: 4271: 4270: 4265: 4263: 4262: 4258: 4255: 4252: 4250: 4247: 4246: 4243: 4241: 4237: 4234: 4231: 4229: 4226: 4225: 4222: 4220: 4216: 4213: 4210: 4208: 4205: 4204: 4201: 4200: 4195: 4193: 4192:Nomen oblitum 4190: 4187: 4185: 4182: 4180: 4177: 4176: 4173: 4171: 4167: 4164: 4161: 4159: 4156: 4155: 4152: 4150: 4146: 4143: 4139: 4135: 4132: 4128: 4124: 4122: 4119: 4118: 4115: 4111: 4109: 4105: 4102: 4099: 4097: 4094: 4093: 4090: 4086: 4084: 4080: 4077: 4074: 4072: 4069: 4068: 4065: 4063: 4062: 4057: 4054: 4051: 4049: 4046: 4045: 4042: 4040: 4039: 4034: 4031: 4028: 4026: 4023: 4022: 4019: 4017: 4013: 4010: 4007: 4005: 4002: 4001: 3998: 3996: 3992: 3989: 3987: 3984: 3982: 3979: 3978: 3975: 3973: 3972: 3967: 3964: 3960: 3957: 3954: 3951: 3949: 3946: 3945: 3942: 3938: 3936: 3932: 3929: 3926: 3924: 3921: 3920: 3917: 3915: 3911: 3908: 3905: 3903: 3900: 3899: 3896: 3892: 3890: 3889: 3884: 3881: 3878: 3874: 3872: 3869: 3868: 3865: 3861: 3859: 3858: 3853: 3850: 3847: 3845: 3842: 3841: 3838: 3834: 3832: 3829: 3826: 3823: 3821: 3818: 3817: 3814: 3812: 3808: 3805: 3802: 3800: 3797: 3796: 3793: 3791: 3787: 3784: 3781: 3779: 3776: 3775: 3772: 3768: 3766: 3762: 3759: 3756: 3754: 3751: 3750: 3747: 3745: 3741: 3738: 3735: 3733: 3730: 3729: 3726: 3722: 3718: 3716: 3715: 3710: 3707: 3704: 3702: 3699: 3698: 3695: 3693: 3692: 3687: 3684: 3681: 3679: 3676: 3675: 3672: 3671: 3666: 3664: 3660: 3657: 3654: 3652: 3649: 3648: 3645: 3641: 3639: 3635: 3632: 3629: 3627: 3624: 3623: 3620: 3616: 3614: 3610: 3607: 3604: 3602: 3599: 3598: 3595: 3594: 3589: 3587: 3584: 3581: 3579: 3576: 3574: 3571: 3570: 3567: 3565: 3561: 3558: 3554: 3551: 3548: 3545: 3543: 3540: 3539: 3536: 3534: 3533: 3528: 3525: 3523: 3520: 3518: 3515: 3514: 3511: 3509: 3505: 3502: 3499: 3497: 3494: 3493: 3490: 3486: 3484: 3483:Nomen oblitum 3481: 3478: 3475: 3473: 3470: 3469: 3466: 3462: 3460: 3459: 3454: 3451: 3448: 3446: 3443: 3442: 3439: 3435: 3433: 3429: 3426: 3423: 3421: 3418: 3417: 3414: 3412: 3411: 3406: 3403: 3401: 3398: 3396: 3393: 3392: 3389: 3388: 3383: 3381: 3380: 3379:Nomen oblitum 3376: 3373: 3370: 3368: 3365: 3364: 3361: 3359: 3355: 3352: 3349: 3347: 3344: 3343: 3340: 3336: 3334: 3331: 3328: 3325: 3323: 3320: 3319: 3316: 3314: 3310: 3307: 3305: 3302: 3300: 3297: 3296: 3293: 3289: 3288: 3283: 3281: 3280: 3276: 3273: 3270: 3268: 3265: 3264: 3261: 3257: 3255: 3254: 3249: 3246: 3244:(Sömmerring) 3243: 3241: 3238: 3237: 3234: 3232: 3231: 3227: 3224: 3221: 3219: 3216: 3215: 3211: 3207: 3206:Pterodactylus 3203: 3199: 3196: 3193: 3190: 3186: 3184: 3181: 3180: 3176: 3173: 3170: 3167: 3164: 3163: 3160: 3159: 3153: 3152: 3148: 3145: 3144: 3137: 3136: 3135:nomina oblita 3129: 3128: 3122: 3121:Pterodactylus 3101: 3096: 3095:Pterodactylus 3092: 3091:Pterodactylus 3082: 3080: 3076: 3072: 3071:Diopecephalus 3068: 3062: 3060: 3056: 3055: 3050: 3046: 3042: 3041:Diopecephalus 3038: 3034: 3030: 3026: 3022: 3018: 3014: 3010: 3005: 3003: 2999: 2994: 2990: 2986: 2982: 2978: 2974: 2970: 2969:Caelidracones 2966: 2962: 2955: 2954: 2949: 2944: 2935: 2933: 2932:Ardeadactylus 2929: 2925: 2921: 2920:Pterodactylus 2917: 2916:Diopecephalus 2913: 2912:Pterodactylus 2909: 2905: 2904:Diopecephalus 2901: 2900:type specimen 2897: 2893: 2889: 2888:Diopecephalus 2885: 2881: 2877: 2873: 2869: 2866:, have found 2865: 2861: 2857: 2853: 2849: 2848: 2843: 2839: 2835: 2834:Pterodactylus 2831: 2827: 2822: 2821:Pterodactylus 2818: 2813: 2811: 2807: 2806:Pterodactylus 2803: 2802: 2797: 2792: 2787: 2783: 2779: 2775: 2771: 2767: 2763: 2759: 2755: 2751: 2747: 2743: 2739: 2738: 2733: 2729: 2728:Pterodactylus 2722: 2721:Pterodactylus 2718: 2717: 2711: 2707: 2705: 2701: 2700: 2695: 2691: 2687: 2683: 2678: 2677: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2658: 2653: 2649: 2645: 2641: 2640: 2639:Camposipterus 2635: 2634:Adam Sedgwick 2631: 2627: 2623: 2619: 2618: 2617:Cimoliopterus 2613: 2609: 2605: 2604: 2599: 2595: 2591: 2587: 2583: 2574: 2560: 2559: 2554: 2550: 2546: 2542: 2538: 2534: 2530: 2526: 2522: 2518: 2511: 2507: 2506: 2505:Cimoliopterus 2500: 2496: 2494: 2490: 2486: 2482: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2466: 2465:Pterodactylus 2446: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2426: 2422: 2418: 2414: 2413:Pterodactylus 2410: 2406: 2405:specific name 2402: 2398: 2394: 2393:Pterodactylus 2374: 2370: 2369:Pterodactylus 2366: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2349: 2348:Pterodactylus 2344: 2342: 2338: 2337:Pterodactylus 2334: 2333:Pterodactylus 2327: 2323: 2322: 2316: 2302: 2301: 2293: 2292: 2284: 2283: 2275: 2274: 2271: 2269: 2265: 2259: 2258: 2255: 2254: 2246: 2245: 2242: 2241: 2240: 2233: 2232: 2229: 2228: 2225: 2224: 2223: 2216: 2215: 2209: 2206: 2205: 2199: 2196: 2195: 2192: 2191: 2188: 2186: 2182: 2181: 2174: 2173: 2167: 2164: 2163: 2160: 2159: 2151: 2150: 2147: 2145: 2141: 2140: 2133: 2132: 2129: 2128: 2125: 2124: 2123: 2116: 2115: 2109: 2106: 2105: 2099: 2096: 2095: 2091: 2089: 2085: 2084:Pterodactylus 2081: 2071: 2070: 2062: 2061: 2053: 2052: 2044: 2043: 2035: 2034: 2031: 2029: 2024: 2020: 2014: 2013: 2010: 2009: 2006: 2004: 2000: 1999: 1992: 1991: 1985: 1982: 1981: 1978: 1977: 1969: 1968: 1960: 1959: 1956: 1954: 1950: 1944: 1943: 1940: 1939: 1936: 1934: 1930: 1924: 1923: 1917: 1914: 1913: 1910: 1909: 1906: 1905: 1904: 1897: 1896: 1890: 1887: 1886: 1880: 1877: 1876: 1873: 1872: 1869: 1867: 1863: 1862: 1855: 1854: 1848: 1847: 1844: 1843: 1840: 1839: 1838: 1831: 1830: 1824: 1821: 1820: 1816: 1814: 1810: 1809:Pterodactylus 1806: 1802: 1798: 1793: 1791: 1787: 1784: 1780: 1779:Pterodactylus 1776: 1775:Pterodactylus 1768: 1763: 1754: 1752: 1751: 1747: 1746:ichthyodectid 1743: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1733: 1728: 1727: 1722: 1721: 1720:Asthenocormus 1717: 1713: 1712: 1707: 1706: 1701: 1700: 1695: 1694: 1689: 1688: 1683: 1682: 1677: 1676: 1671: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1648: 1643: 1642: 1637: 1636: 1635:Rhacheosaurus 1631: 1630: 1625: 1624: 1619: 1618: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1604: 1599: 1598: 1593: 1592: 1587: 1586:Pterodactylus 1583: 1579: 1575: 1574: 1573:Compsognathus 1569: 1568: 1567:Archaeopteryx 1564: 1560: 1559: 1558:Diopecephalus 1555: 1551: 1548: 1544: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1528: 1524: 1523: 1522:Cycnorhamphus 1518: 1514: 1513: 1512:Ardeadactylus 1508: 1504: 1500: 1499: 1498:Scaphognathus 1494: 1491: 1487: 1486:Pterodactylus 1483: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1450:Pterodactylus 1448:Specimens of 1443: 1442:Pterodactylus 1438: 1429: 1427: 1426:Pterodactylus 1423: 1422:Pterodactylus 1413: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1386:scleral rings 1377: 1375: 1371: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1351: 1346: 1337: 1335: 1334:Pterodactylus 1331: 1328:that overlap 1327: 1323: 1319: 1314: 1313:Pterodactylus 1310: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1295: 1293: 1289: 1288:Pterodactylus 1285: 1284:Pterodactylus 1280: 1279:Pterodactylus 1276: 1275: 1267: 1263: 1258: 1244: 1242: 1238: 1237:Pterodactylus 1234: 1230: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1212:Pterodactylus 1209: 1205: 1204:Pterodactylus 1201: 1197: 1193: 1192:Pterodactylus 1189: 1188:Pterodactylus 1182: 1181:Pterodactylus 1178: 1173: 1169: 1167: 1163: 1162:Pterodactylus 1159: 1155: 1151: 1150:Pterodactylus 1146: 1145:Pterodactylus 1141: 1139: 1138: 1133: 1132: 1127: 1126: 1121: 1120: 1115: 1111: 1110:Pterodactylus 1106: 1102: 1101:Pterodactylus 1094: 1085: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1074:Pterodactylus 1071: 1067: 1063: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1047:Pterodactylus 1044: 1043:Ptéro-Dactyle 1040: 1036: 1035:Pterodactylus 1032: 1031:Ptéro-Dactyle 1027: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1008: 1003: 1002: 997: 993: 992:Pterodactylus 989: 985: 981: 980: 975: 968: 967: 961: 957: 954: 950: 949:Ptéro-Dactyle 946: 945:Petro-Dactyle 941: 937: 933: 929: 925: 920: 916: 912: 908: 904: 903:Pterodactylus 900: 891: 887: 885: 881: 877: 873: 872:Pterodactylus 869: 868:Pterodactylus 865: 857: 856:Pterodactylus 852: 848: 844: 837: 836: 829: 823: 817: 811: 807: 803: 799: 794: 787: 781: 780:Pterodactylus 777: 773: 772:type specimen 763: 757: 753: 750: 745: 736: 734: 730: 726: 725:Pterodactylus 722: 721: 716: 715: 710: 709: 708:Scaphognathus 704: 703: 698: 697:Pterodactylus 694: 690: 686: 682: 681: 676: 675: 670: 669:Pterodactylus 666: 662: 658: 657:Pterodactylus 654: 650: 649:Pterodactylus 646: 644: 640: 636: 635:Pterodactylus 632: 628: 627:Late Jurassic 624: 620: 616: 612: 611:Pterodactylus 608: 604: 602: 598: 597: 592: 588: 584: 576:winged finger 570: 569:pterodáktylos 564: 558:πτεροδάκτυλος 555: 554:Ancient Greek 551: 550: 549:Pterodactylus 537:(Meyer, 1860) 534: 531: 525: 522: 516: 513: 507: 504: 497: 494: 487: 484: 478: 475: 469: 466: 460: 457: 453: 448: 445: 439: 436: 435: 418: 417: 413: 409: 403: 402: 401:Diopecephalus 398: 394: 389: 386: 383:Fischer, 1813 380: 377: 371: 368: 367: 357: 354: 350: 343: 336: 335: 328: 324: 317: 316: 309: 303: 302: 295: 294: 292: 289: 285: 280: 275: 274: 266: 263: 259: 254: 249: 248: 247:Pterodactylus 241: 238: 237: 234: 228: 225: 222: 221: 218: 212: 209: 208: 205: 199: 196: 195: 192: 189: 186: 185: 182: 179: 176: 175: 172: 169: 166: 165: 160: 155: 151: 147: 143: 142:type specimen 138: 134: 129: 115: 110: 105: 100: 95: 90: 85: 80: 75: 70: 65: 60: 54: 46: 40: 39:Pterodactylus 36: 33: 29: 22: 13534: 13464: 13421:Paleontology 12983: 12929: 12924:Ludodactylus 12922: 12915: 12908: 12900: 12892: 12885: 12865: 12857: 12852:Nicorhynchus 12850: 12843: 12836: 12815: 12808: 12800: 12792: 12784: 12776: 12768: 12738: 12731: 12723:Hamipteridae 12709: 12701: 12667: 12659: 12651: 12631: 12623: 12618:Aetodactylus 12616: 12581: 12573: 12566: 12558: 12552:Ludodactylus 12550: 12542: 12534: 12526: 12518: 12510: 12504:Aetodactylus 12502: 12481: 12473: 12465: 12457: 12449: 12442: 12435: 12392: 12385: 12361: 12354: 12347: 12340: 12314:Liaoxipterus 12312: 12305: 12285: 12278: 12271: 12264: 12242:Mimodactylus 12240: 12233: 12226: 12205: 12198: 12191: 12184: 12160: 12153: 12128: 12120:Lanceodontia 12101: 12093: 12088:Lonchodectes 12086: 12078: 12070: 12050: 12043: 12036: 11989: 11982: 11975: 11968: 11948: 11941: 11934: 11909: 11902: 11877: 11869: 11862: 11856:Ornithostoma 11854: 11847: 11839: 11810: 11750: 11664: 11656: 11649: 11642: 11635: 11628: 11623:Eurazhdarcho 11621: 11614: 11607: 11600: 11580: 11573: 11566: 11558: 11551:Azhdarchinae 11537: 11529: 11522: 11514: 11507: 11499: 11492:Azhdarchidae 11478: 11471: 11463: 11435: 11428: 11421: 11400: 11392: 11387:Meilifeilong 11385: 11378: 11370: 11362: 11354: 11330: 11305: 11297: 11289: 11281: 11273: 11266: 11244: 11237: 11230: 11222: 11172: 11165: 11145: 11138: 11131: 11123: 11099: 11091: 11083: 11075: 11067: 11043: 11036: 11029: 11024:Huaxiapterus 11022: 11015: 11009:Eopteranodon 11007: 10999: 10993:Afrotapejara 10991: 10984:Sinopterinae 10973:Afrotapejara 10971: 10947: 10940: 10909: 10902: 10895: 10887: 10879: 10872: 10864: 10856: 10848: 10840: 10818: 10813:Bennettazhia 10811: 10776:Ornithostoma 10774: 10767: 10759: 10751: 10744: 10737: 10703: 10696: 10675: 10667: 10662:Ordosipterus 10660: 10653: 10645: 10637: 10612:Tapejaroidea 10597: 10501: 10455:Pterodaustro 10453: 10446: 10439: 10432: 10412: 10388: 10381: 10374: 10368:Huanhepterus 10366: 10361:Gnathosaurus 10359: 10341:Moganopterus 10339: 10332: 10313:Pterofiltrus 10311: 10306:Petrodactyle 10304: 10297: 10292:Liaodactylus 10290: 10285:Kepodactylus 10283: 10276: 10269: 10262: 10255: 10248: 10241: 10233: 10200:Huanhepterus 10198: 10191: 10183: 10162: 10157:Aerodactylus 10155: 10130: 10124:Petrodactyle 10122: 10114: 10107: 10099: 10065: 10064: 10057: 10026: 10018: 10011: 10003: 9983: 9874: 9866: 9859: 9852: 9845: 9840:Kryptodrakon 9838: 9830: 9823: 9816: 9788: 9782:Jeholopterus 9780: 9772: 9765: 9758: 9738: 9731: 9725:Jeholopterus 9723: 9715: 9710:Anurognathus 9708: 9690:Mesadactylus 9688: 9653: 9645: 9607: 9599: 9592: 9585: 9577: 9557: 9533: 9526: 9515:Darwinoptera 9501: 9494: 9487: 9456: 9448: 9394: 9323: 9316: 9309: 9302: 9295: 9252: 9246:Nesodactylus 9244: 9238:Cacibupteryx 9236: 9218:Sericipterus 9216: 9208: 9200: 9193: 9186: 9157: 9150: 9145:Nesodactylus 9143: 9136: 9129: 9124:Cacibupteryx 9122: 9117:Bellubrunnus 9115: 9090: 9082: 9075: 9067: 9028: 9021: 8985: 8972:Lonchognatha 8953: 8945: 8937: 8930: 8923: 8915: 8895: 8864: 8825: 8817: 8796: 8772: 8765: 8760:Pachagnathus 8758: 8750: 8720: 8712: 8706:Austriadraco 8704: 8670: 8665:Austriadraco 8663: 8655: 8634: 8627: 8619: 8594: 8587: 8567: 8453: 8444: 8435: 8362: 8348: 8308: 8304: 8294: 8290: 8278:. Retrieved 8267: 8257: 8250: 8231: 8225: 8200: 8196: 8192: 8186: 8161: 8157: 8151: 8126: 8122: 8118: 8076: 8075:. Series 3. 8072: 8062: 8053: 8049: 8039: 8022: 8018: 8012: 8003: 7999: 7993: 7971: 7967: 7957: 7932: 7928: 7925:(Owen 1874)" 7922: 7914: 7906: 7902: 7897: 7888: 7878: 7853: 7849: 7820: 7812: 7807: 7762: 7756: 7718: 7714: 7708: 7689: 7686: 7681: 7664: 7660: 7650: 7628:(1–2): 7–9. 7625: 7621: 7615: 7607: 7597: 7590: 7581: 7577: 7567: 7558: 7554: 7544: 7535: 7525: 7515: 7508: 7489: 7483: 7438: 7434: 7428: 7376: 7372: 7366: 7349: 7343: 7306: 7302: 7296: 7292: 7284: 7265: 7259: 7218: 7214: 7207: 7197:February 27, 7195:. Retrieved 7191:the original 7186: 7182: 7161: 7131: 7127: 7085: 7081: 7071: 7060:the original 7055: 7051: 7042: 7038: 7030: 6977: 6973: 6962: 6954:the original 6949: 6939: 6888: 6884: 6877: 6860: 6856: 6853:Bavarisaurus 6852: 6846: 6829: 6825: 6821: 6817: 6811: 6807: 6799: 6772: 6766: 6733: 6729: 6720: 6716: 6687:(1): 23–31. 6684: 6680: 6676: 6670: 6637: 6633: 6629: 6623: 6611: 6600:the original 6563: 6559: 6546: 6533: 6526: 6509: 6505: 6501: 6495: 6470: 6466: 6462: 6415:(1): 43–48. 6412: 6408: 6404: 6370: 6366: 6339: 6307: 6287: 6277: 6258: 6252: 6243: 6239: 6229: 6196: 6192: 6188: 6141: 6133: 6124: 6120: 6113: 6112:"Über einen 6105: 6098: 6093: 6084: 6080: 6059: 6055: 6051: 6041: 6031: 6024: 5999: 5995: 5991: 5969: 5959: 5950: 5946: 5936: 5917: 5875: 5871: 5865: 5815: 5812:PLOS Biology 5811: 5765: 5761: 5731: 5727: 5686: 5682: 5676: 5666: 5659: 5624: 5614:Middle-earth 5605: 5603: 5598: 5594: 5590: 5584: 5580: 5572: 5568: 5567: 5561: 5536: 5527: 5521: 5513:Nomen dubium 5512: 5501: 5492: 5487:Nomen dubium 5486: 5475: 5467:Nomen dubium 5466: 5453: 5444: 5432: 5423: 5411: 5400: 5386: 5379: 5373: 5361: 5352: 5345: 5338: 5330: 5319: 5307: 5296: 5284: 5275: 5270:Nomen dubium 5269: 5258: 5247: 5235: 5227:Nomen dubium 5226: 5215: 5206: 5194: 5186:Nomen dubium 5185: 5174: 5167: 5162:Nomen dubium 5161: 5150: 5143: 5138:Nomen dubium 5137: 5126: 5118:Nomen dubium 5117: 5106: 5099: 5094:Nomen dubium 5093: 5082: 5074:Nomen dubium 5073: 5062: 5055: 5050:Nomen dubium 5049: 5038: 5031: 5027: 5022:Nomen dubium 5021: 5010: 5003: 4995: 4983: 4975: 4971:Preoccupied 4958: 4951: 4946:Nomen dubium 4945: 4934: 4927: 4922:Nomen dubium 4921: 4910: 4899: 4887: 4876: 4862: 4855: 4847: 4835: 4824: 4811: 4804: 4799:Nomen dubium 4798: 4787: 4778: 4766: 4757: 4745: 4736: 4724: 4715: 4703: 4692: 4680: 4672:Nomen dubium 4671: 4660: 4652:Nomen dubium 4651: 4640: 4631: 4619: 4608: 4596: 4589: 4582: 4575: 4570:Nomen dubium 4569: 4558: 4547: 4535: 4528: 4522: 4510: 4501: 4489: 4482: 4477:Nomen dubium 4476: 4465: 4458: 4454: 4449:Nomen dubium 4448: 4437: 4430: 4425:Nomen dubium 4424: 4413: 4404: 4392: 4383: 4371: 4362: 4350: 4343: 4337: 4325: 4316: 4304: 4297: 4293: 4287: 4276: 4267: 4259: 4248: 4239: 4227: 4218: 4206: 4197: 4191: 4178: 4169: 4157: 4148: 4141: 4137: 4130: 4126: 4120: 4113: 4107: 4095: 4088: 4082: 4070: 4059: 4047: 4036: 4024: 4015: 4003: 3994: 3980: 3969: 3962: 3955: 3947: 3940: 3934: 3922: 3913: 3901: 3894: 3886: 3870: 3863: 3855: 3843: 3836: 3831:Nomen dubium 3830: 3819: 3810: 3798: 3789: 3777: 3770: 3764: 3752: 3743: 3731: 3724: 3720: 3712: 3700: 3689: 3677: 3668: 3650: 3643: 3637: 3625: 3618: 3612: 3600: 3591: 3586:Nomen dubium 3585: 3572: 3563: 3556: 3549: 3541: 3530: 3516: 3507: 3495: 3488: 3482: 3471: 3464: 3456: 3444: 3437: 3431: 3419: 3408: 3394: 3385: 3377: 3366: 3357: 3345: 3338: 3333:Nomen dubium 3332: 3321: 3312: 3298: 3291: 3285: 3279:Nomen dubium 3277: 3266: 3259: 3251: 3239: 3228: 3217: 3209: 3205: 3202:type species 3182: 3120: 3100:nomina dubia 3094: 3090: 3088: 3078: 3075:Aerodactylus 3074: 3070: 3067:Aerodactylus 3066: 3063: 3058: 3054:Aerodactylus 3052: 3048: 3044: 3040: 3036: 3032: 3028: 3024: 3020: 3016: 3012: 3008: 3006: 3001: 2997: 2992: 2988: 2984: 2980: 2976: 2972: 2964: 2960: 2958: 2951: 2947: 2931: 2927: 2923: 2919: 2915: 2911: 2907: 2903: 2895: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2875: 2871: 2867: 2859: 2855: 2851: 2845: 2841: 2837: 2833: 2829: 2825: 2820: 2814: 2809: 2805: 2799: 2791:nomina dubia 2785: 2781: 2777: 2773: 2769: 2765: 2761: 2749: 2745: 2741: 2735: 2727: 2725: 2720: 2714: 2703: 2697: 2693: 2689: 2686:Lonchodectes 2685: 2681: 2676:nomina dubia 2669: 2665: 2661: 2655: 2647: 2643: 2637: 2629: 2621: 2615: 2611: 2608:L. giganteus 2607: 2601: 2598:P. giganteus 2597: 2593: 2590:P. giganteus 2589: 2585: 2581: 2558:Lonchodectes 2556: 2552: 2551:redescribed 2544: 2540: 2536: 2533:Richard Owen 2514: 2509: 2503: 2492: 2485:R. muensteri 2484: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2444: 2436: 2432: 2428: 2424: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2400: 2396: 2392: 2372: 2368: 2351: 2347: 2345: 2336: 2332: 2330: 2325: 2319: 2262: 2237: 2236: 2220: 2219: 2179: 2178: 2177: 2137: 2136: 2120: 2119: 2083: 2077: 2017: 1996: 1995: 1947: 1927: 1901: 1900: 1860: 1859: 1858: 1835: 1834: 1808: 1794: 1778: 1774: 1772: 1766: 1748: 1739: 1730: 1724: 1718: 1716:pachycormids 1711:Ophiopsiella 1709: 1703: 1697: 1691: 1685: 1679: 1673: 1667: 1665:halecomorphs 1663:such as the 1656:Aegirosaurus 1654: 1645: 1639: 1633: 1627: 1621: 1615: 1601: 1597:Bavarisaurus 1595: 1589: 1585: 1571: 1565: 1556: 1549: 1542:Anurognathus 1540: 1538:anurognathid 1534:Gnathosaurus 1533: 1529: 1520: 1516: 1510: 1507:Aerodactylus 1506: 1496: 1492: 1485: 1449: 1447: 1441: 1432:Paleoecology 1425: 1421: 1419: 1409: 1405: 1389: 1383: 1370:crocodilians 1364: 1360: 1356: 1354: 1349: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1312: 1311: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1296: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1278: 1272: 1270: 1265: 1261: 1252:Life history 1247:Paleobiology 1241:Aerodactylus 1240: 1236: 1233:Aerodactylus 1232: 1228: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1203: 1199: 1191: 1187: 1186: 1180: 1161: 1158:autapomorphy 1153: 1149: 1144: 1142: 1137:Aerodactylus 1135: 1131:Gnathosaurus 1129: 1123: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1104: 1100: 1099: 1077: 1073: 1070:type species 1065: 1054: 1051:longirostris 1050: 1046: 1042: 1034: 1030: 1028: 1005: 999: 991: 987: 978: 977: 971: 964: 948: 944: 902: 896: 880:ichthyosaurs 871: 867: 860: 855: 833: 796:, or nature 779: 775: 769: 748: 724: 718: 714:Anurognathus 712: 706: 700: 696: 688: 684: 678: 672: 668: 656: 648: 647: 634: 610: 605: 595: 594: 548: 547: 546: 532: 523: 514: 505: 495: 491:Wagner, 1837 485: 481:Ritgen, 1826 476: 467: 458: 446: 437: 416:Aerodactylus 414: 399: 387: 379:Pterotherium 378: 369: 332: 313: 300: 299: 272: 271: 262:Type species 246: 245: 223: 145: 38: 32: 13489:Wikispecies 13272:Insect wing 13222:Webbed foot 13163:unguligrade 13158:plantigrade 13153:digitigrade 12810:Thapunngaka 12770:Amblydectes 12689:Anhangueria 12653:Aussiedraco 12387:Boreopterus 12162:Lonchodraco 12095:Lonchodraco 12038:Aussiedraco 11984:Nyctosaurus 11841:Bogolubovia 11509:Bogolubovia 11380:Lacusovagus 11372:Eoazhdarcho 11332:Eoazhdarcho 11291:Leptostomia 11283:Keresdrakon 11158:Caiuajarina 11125:Bakonydraco 11093:Lacusovagus 11085:Keresdrakon 11056:Tapejarinae 11017:Huaxiadraco 11001:Bakonydraco 10960:Tapejaridae 10889:Leptostomia 10881:Lacusovagus 10874:Kariridraco 10820:Keresdrakon 10761:Leptostomia 10753:Keresdrakon 10414:Ctenochasma 10376:Lusognathus 10299:Otogopterus 9954:Lophocratia 9887:Lophocratia 9854:Pangupterus 9790:Sinomacrops 9131:Dorygnathus 9000:Novialoidea 8955:Rhamphinion 8932:Dimorphodon 8607:Caviramidae 8551:Pterosauria 8538:Pterosauria 8501:Pterosauria 8440:Archosauria 8401:Pterosauria 8203:(2): 1–18. 7935:: 221–232. 7692:(11):1–118. 7149:1874/420683 6914:11336/69039 6818:Ardeosaurus 6808:Ardeosaurus 6677:Ctenochasma 6463:Ctenochasma 6058:: 253–267. 5617:legendarium 5577:Pterosauria 5573:pterodactyl 5537:Nomen nudum 5443:Synonym of 5422:Synonym of 5372:Synonym of 5351:Synonym of 5205:Synonym of 4994:Synonym of 4846:Synonym of 4826:Nomen nudum 4777:Synonym of 4735:Synonym of 4630:Synonym of 4521:Synonym of 4500:Synonym of 4481:Synonym of 4403:Synonym of 4382:Synonym of 4361:Synonym of 4336:Synonym of 4315:Synonym of 4292:Synonym of 4196:Synonym of 4147:Synonym of 4081:Synonym of 4014:Synonym of 3993:Synonym of 3933:Synonym of 3912:Synonym of 3885:Synonym of 3854:Synonym of 3835:Synonym of 3809:Synonym of 3763:Synonym of 3742:Synonym of 3688:Synonym of 3636:Synonym of 3630:(Goldfuss) 3611:Synonym of 3605:(Goldfuss) 3590:Synonym of 3562:Synonym of 3506:Synonym of 3487:Synonym of 3476:(Theodori) 3449:(Theodori) 3430:Synonym of 3424:(Buckland) 3384:Synonym of 3356:Synonym of 3337:Synonym of 3311:Synonym of 3284:Synonym of 3250:Synonym of 3230:Nomen nudum 3127:nomina nuda 3049:P. antiquus 3037:P. antiquus 3029:P. antiquus 3017:P. antiquus 3002:P. antiquus 2989:P. antiquus 2977:P. antiquus 2961:P. antiquus 2876:P. antiquus 2864:David Unwin 2852:Ctenochasma 2842:P. micronyx 2838:P. micronyx 2830:Ctenochasma 2774:O. umbrosus 2754:preoccupied 2737:Xiphactinus 2603:Lonchodraco 2481:R. münsteri 2421:O. münsteri 1879:Lophocratia 1767:P. antiquus 1732:Orthocormus 1726:Hypsocormus 1693:Proscinetes 1652:ichthyosaur 1647:Paleomedusa 1641:Eurysternum 1617:Cricosaurus 1591:Ardeosaurus 1530:Ctenochasma 1482:jellyfishes 1478:Lagerstätte 1406:Ctenochasma 1365:P. antiquus 1330:P. antiquus 1322:P. antiquus 1307:P. antiquus 1292:P. antiquus 1266:P. antiquus 1224:P. antiquus 1220:P. antiquus 1216:P. antiquus 1177:restoration 1114:Ctenochasma 1088:Description 1064:designated 1020:breast bone 1012:metacarpals 1007:Ctenochasma 876:plesiosaurs 749:P. antiquus 720:Ctenochasma 609:remains of 585:of extinct 519:Wiman, 1925 510:Meyer, 1861 301:P. antiquus 204:Pterosauria 146:P. antiquus 28:Pterosauria 13541:Categories 13200:Cephalopod 13116:Pelvic fin 13086:Dorsal fin 13081:Caudal fin 12887:Anhanguera 12778:Ferrodraco 12733:Hamipterus 12661:Barbosania 12536:Ferrodraco 12528:Draigwenia 12363:Hamipterus 12342:Barbosania 12287:Nurhachius 12155:Ikrandraco 12130:Draigwenia 12080:Ikrandraco 12045:Serradraco 11991:Volgadraco 11879:Volgadraco 11871:Tethydraco 11864:Pteranodon 11722:see below↓ 11616:Cryodrakon 11539:Volgadraco 11531:Tethydraco 11430:Jidapterus 11394:Microtuban 11232:Microtuban 11133:Europejara 11112:Tapejarini 11101:Vectidraco 11038:Sinopterus 10655:Noripterus 10524:see below↓ 10448:Gegepterus 10441:Eosipterus 9896:see below↓ 9876:Wenupteryx 9767:Cascocauda 9346:see below↓ 8774:Yelaphomte 8510:see below↓ 8431:Sauropsida 8313:, #100 to 8193:Pteranodon 8006:: 313–323. 7994:Pteranodon 7905:Monograph 7891:: 112–128. 6087:: 424–437. 5652:References 5586:Pteranodon 5562:Pteranodon 5437:Döderlein 5341:Quenstedt 4584:Anhanguera 4540:Quenstedt 4211:Quenstedt 4133:Bowerbank 4029:Bowerbank 3189:Sömmerring 3045:"P". kochi 2826:P. elegans 2810:Pteranodon 2801:Pteranodon 2778:O. harpyia 2750:"P. oweni" 2716:Pteranodon 2699:Serradraco 2622:C. cuvieri 2612:P. cuvieri 2594:P. cuvieri 2458:beak snout 1788:by Prince 1744:, and the 1623:Dakosaurus 1501:, several 1404:, such as 1059:naturalist 884:monotremes 824:quarry in 685:Pteranodon 674:Pteranodon 665:keratinous 587:pterosaurs 279:Sömmerring 210:Suborder: 140:Sub-adult 13291:Evolution 13250:Bird wing 13195:Arthropod 13188:quadruped 12838:Aerodraco 12280:Luchibang 12228:Haopterus 11950:Simurghia 11943:Epapatelo 11911:Cretornis 11849:Dawndraco 11575:Azhdarcho 11568:Albadraco 11560:Aerotitan 11480:Alanqidae 11258:Alanqidae 11224:Cretornis 11174:Torukjara 11167:Caiuajara 10904:Tupuxuara 10842:Aerotitan 10746:Inabtanin 10334:Feilongus 9733:Luopterus 9450:Allkaruen 9077:Klobiodon 8917:Allkaruen 8752:Caviramus 8629:Caviramus 8417:Kingdom: 8101:130203580 7974:(6): 472. 7949:133080548 7889:Cambridge 7870:0374-5481 7735:0374-5481 7667:: 14–20. 7642:129389179 7409:128892642 7401:0305-8719 7243:0272-4634 7158:127676896 7110:0022-3360 7052:PaleoBios 7004:1932-6203 6923:0272-4634 6863:: 37–52. 6758:219204038 6662:220415208 6654:0272-4634 6246:: 89–104. 5900:129805068 5366:(Seeley) 4515:(Wagner) 4442:(Wagner) 4355:(Wagner) 4330:(Wagner) 4184:Quenstedt 4100:(Wagner) 4075:(Wagner) 3953:Bowerbank 3552:Buckland 3500:Theodori 2386:bird-head 1750:Thrissops 1705:Ophiopsis 1675:Propterus 1669:Lepidotes 1629:Geosaurus 1563:dinosaurs 1470:Solnhofen 1466:limestone 1402:nocturnal 1148:teeth of 1045:again to 996:Solnhofen 984:archetype 828:Eichstätt 653:carnivore 631:Tithonian 563:romanized 177:Kingdom: 171:Eukaryota 45:Tithonian 13474:Wikidata 13282:Wingspan 13265:feathers 13260:skeleton 13245:Bat wing 13205:Tetrapod 13091:Fish fin 12910:Guidraco 12794:Mythunga 12786:Haliskia 12560:Mythunga 12544:Guidraco 12475:Haliskia 12052:Unwindia 11402:Xericeps 11307:Xericeps 11239:Xericeps 11140:Tapejara 10911:Xericeps 10866:Banguela 10639:Banguela 9868:Samrukia 9528:Ceoptera 8425:Chordata 8423:Phylum: 8419:Animalia 8280:June 18, 8217:90893067 8178:84617119 8143:86460861 7799:23794925 7475:25337830 7435:PLOS ONE 7335:22412850 7303:PLOS ONE 7251:86350086 7022:23028723 6974:PLOS ONE 6931:83985855 6596:33253407 6588:21493820 6487:86019483 6437:86308635 6285:(1815). 6221:83722829 5844:29534059 5790:86710955 5635:See also 5067:Sauvage 4281:(Meyer) 3927:(Meyer) 3848:Mantell 3803:Münster 3782:Münster 3757:(Meyer) 3682:Münster 3522:Goldfuss 3400:Buckland 3033:P. kochi 3021:P. kochi 3009:P. kochi 2998:P. kochi 2993:P. kochi 2981:P. kochi 2973:P. kochi 2965:P. kochi 2908:P. kochi 2890:because 2872:P. kochi 2748:because 2662:P. simus 2531:and Sir 2080:topology 1687:Mesturus 1578:feathers 1505:such as 1326:P. kochi 1318:P. kochi 1303:P. kochi 1082:holotype 1055:antiquus 810:Mannheim 752:holotype 667:ridges. 661:collagen 629:period ( 353:Synonyms 315:P. kochi 191:Chordata 187:Phylum: 181:Animalia 167:Domain: 13509:7236977 13480:Q309490 13445:Biology 13433:Germany 13407:Portals 13352:Related 13210:dactyly 13096:Flipper 11936:Alcione 11045:Wightia 8429:Class: 8327:Hobbits 8081:Bibcode 7790:3689139 7767:Bibcode 7763:ZooKeys 7466:4206445 7443:Bibcode 7381:Bibcode 7358:2672427 7326:3296705 7223:Bibcode 7090:Bibcode 7013:3445579 6982:Bibcode 6893:Bibcode 6738:Bibcode 6568:Bibcode 6560:Science 6429:4524192 6375:Bibcode 6201:Bibcode 6004:Bibcode 5880:Bibcode 5835:5849296 5770:Bibcode 5691:Bibcode 5369:(1901) 4892:Seeley 4840:Seeley 4708:Wagner 4586:fittoni 4579:fittoni 4518:(1857) 4494:Wagner 4470:Wagner 4445:(1857) 4418:Wagner 4397:Wagner 4376:Wagner 4358:(1857) 4333:(1857) 4309:Wagner 4284:(1857) 4125:Morris 4103:(1851) 4078:(1851) 3930:(1846) 3882:(1846) 3760:(1838) 3705:Wagner 3633:(1831) 3608:(1831) 3578:Münster 3479:(1830) 3452:(1830) 3427:(1829) 3371:Ritgen 3350:Ritgen 3326:Cuvier 3274:(1819) 3271:(Oken) 3247:(1817) 3194:(1812) 3174:Status 3168:Author 3108: 2566: 2525:England 2452: 2380: 1699:Caturus 1681:Gyrodus 1614:genera 1462:Germany 1458:Bavaria 1394:diurnal 1068:as the 1016:humerus 932:reptile 641:and in 623:Germany 619:Bavaria 601:reptile 591:species 581:) is a 565:: 344:, 1860) 325:, 1837) 288:Species 239:Genus: 197:Order: 120:↓ 13374:Samara 13183:triped 13168:uniped 11501:Alanqa 11268:Alanqa 10850:Alanqa 9458:Sordes 9325:Sordes 8238: 8215: 8176: 8141: 8099: 8031:981730 8029: 7947: 7909:: 1–14 7868: 7797: 7787: 7733: 7640: 7496: 7473: 7463: 7407: 7399: 7356: 7333: 7323: 7272: 7249: 7241: 7156: 7108: 7020: 7010: 7002: 6929: 6921: 6787: 6756: 6660: 6652: 6594: 6586: 6485: 6435: 6427: 6265: 6219: 5924: 5898: 5842: 5832: 5788: 5701: 5621:Nazgûl 5416:Wiman 5312:Marsh 5043:Marsh 5015:Marsh 4988:Marsh 4817:Seeley 4771:Meyer 4729:Meyer 4685:Meyer 4665:Meyer 4645:Meyer 4253:Meyer 4232:Meyer 4162:Meyer 3986:Giebel 3906:Meyer 3824:Meyer 3736:Meyer 3655:Meyer 3304:Cuvier 3197:Valid 3177:Notes 3027:, and 2694:et al. 2610:, and 2517:Burham 2403:; the 1783:family 1714:, the 1582:lizard 1545:, the 1536:, the 1525:, the 936:Munich 924:mammal 882:, and 766:, 1784 643:Africa 639:Europe 607:Fossil 552:(from 454:, 1819 452:Cuvier 410:, 1871 408:Seeley 395:, 1852 393:Giebel 323:Wagner 281:, 1812 255:, 1809 253:Cuvier 13522:38494 13232:Wings 13217:Digit 13173:biped 13135:Limbs 13045:wings 13041:limbs 10599:Piksi 9195:Dearc 8454:Clade 8445:Clade 8436:Clade 8323:Frodo 8213:S2CID 8174:S2CID 8139:S2CID 8097:S2CID 8027:JSTOR 7970:. 3. 7945:S2CID 7638:S2CID 7405:S2CID 7247:S2CID 7154:S2CID 7063:(PDF) 7048:(PDF) 6927:S2CID 6754:S2CID 6726:(PDF) 6658:S2CID 6603:(PDF) 6592:S2CID 6556:(PDF) 6538:(PDF) 6483:S2CID 6433:S2CID 6425:JSTOR 6217:S2CID 5896:S2CID 5786:S2CID 5724:(PDF) 5703:18398 5699:JSTOR 5533:1979 5526:Owen 5509:1931 5506:Reck 5483:1931 5480:Reck 5463:1931 5440:1929 5419:1925 5396:1925 5392:Wiman 5348:1855 5344:1878 5336:Fraas 5315:1878 5292:1875 5289:Owen 5266:1874 5263:Cope 5243:1874 5240:Owen 5223:1874 5220:Owen 5202:1874 5199:Owen 5182:1874 5179:Owen 5158:1874 5155:Owen 5134:1874 5131:Owen 5114:1874 5111:Owen 5090:1874 5087:Owen 5070:1873 5046:1872 5018:1872 4991:1872 4968:1871 4964:Marsh 4942:1870 4939:Owen 4918:1869 4915:Owen 4895:1869 4872:1866 4843:1864 4821:1864 4795:1861 4792:Owen 4774:1861 4753:1861 4750:Owen 4732:1861 4711:1861 4688:1860 4668:1860 4648:1860 4627:1859 4624:Owen 4604:1859 4601:Owen 4566:1859 4563:Owen 4543:1858 4497:1857 4473:1857 4421:1857 4400:1857 4379:1857 4312:1857 4256:1857 4235:1856 4214:1855 4188:1854 4165:1854 4144:1846 4140:1819 4136:1854 4129:Oken 4055:1851 4052:Owen 4032:1851 4011:1850 4008:Owen 3990:1847 3965:1819 3961:1846 3958:Oken 3909:1846 3851:1844 3827:1843 3806:1842 3785:1839 3739:1838 3708:1837 3685:1836 3658:1832 3582:1831 3559:1829 3555:1831 3547:Meyer 3526:1831 3503:1830 3404:1829 3374:1826 3353:1826 3329:1824 3308:1819 3225:1816 3222:Oken 3171:Year 3165:Name 3047:from 2780:into 2575:biter 2573:lance 2427:into 1374:birds 1175:Life 1160:that 915:Paris 583:genus 342:Meyer 224:Clade 13504:GBIF 13364:Gait 13255:keel 13053:Fins 13043:and 13037:Fins 8487:see 8282:2011 8236:ISBN 7866:ISSN 7795:PMID 7731:ISSN 7559:1845 7494:ISBN 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