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457:(1.3 km or 0.8 mi northeast of Puʻu ʻŌʻō) during 23–27 September. Minor lava activity resumed within Puʻu ʻOʻo Crater with short lava flows issuing from the base of the east wall on 25 September and from the west wall base during 25–26 September. The crater floor of Puʻu ʻŌʻō slowly subsided. Lava activity resumed within the east lake on 26 September. The floor of the crater continued to subside during 26–27 September, opening up cracks in the north crater floor.
31:
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of the eastern rift zone, on
January 3, 1983. By June 1983, the activity had strengthened and localized to the Puʻu ʻŌʻō vent. Over the next three years, 44 eruptive episodes with lava fountains as high as 460 meters (1,510 ft) stopped traffic at points across east Hawaiʻi. The fallout of cinder
416:
In 2007, after a cluster of earthquakes, activity in Puʻu ʻŌʻō subsided and the crater floor collapsed, with no incandescence visible in the crater after the end of August. Lava began emerging from a series of cracks in the northeast rift zone and spread slowly east and south as a perched flow, with
667:
In 2021, the U.S. Board on
Geographic Names updated the spelling of the geographic feature from "Pu'u 'Ō'ō" to "Pu'u'ō'ō," following Hawai'i Board on Geographic Names guidelines. Pu'u 'Ō'ō and various other spellings are used in previous USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory publications and multimedia
380:
The volume of lava erupted from Kūpaʻianahā declined steadily through 1991, and in early 1992, the vent died. The eruption then returned to Puʻu ʻŌʻō, where flank vents on the west and southwest sides of the cone constructed a new lava shield. Soon lava tubes were feeding lava from the vents to the
443:
On
September 21, 2011, lava in the west lava lake in Puʻu ʻŌʻō Crater fed a series of lava flows that traveled down the west flank of Puʻu ʻŌʻō during September 20–21. At about 0225 UTC on September 21, activity in the crater and overflows to the west suddenly decreased, as lava broke through the
412:
As of
January 2007, 3.1 cubic km of lava had covered 117 km (45 sq mi) and added 201 hectares (500 acres) to Kīlauea's southern shore. The new shoreline was 15.6 km (9.7 mi) long. The lava flows have destroyed 189 structures and covered 14 km (8.7 mi) of highway
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was escaping from the conduit leading to the Puʻu ʻŌʻō vent, cutting off the supply to the ongoing eruption. The lava pond at Puʻu ʻŌʻō drained, and residents 10 miles (16 km) away heard a low, rumbling roar as the crater floor dropped 500 feet (150 m) and the west wall of the Puʻu ʻŌʻō
448:
lava flow that advanced rapidly downslope 2.5 km (1.6 mi) southeast. A second flow to the west of the first began the next day. In addition, a small pad of lava actively refilled the bottom of the drained east lava lake and small flows were barely active at the west edge of Puʻu ʻŌʻō
527:
On May 24, 2016, a new vent opened on the east flank of Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō that cut the supply of lava to the June 27th flow, which became inactive by June 8, 2016. Lava from the new vent, informally named the "61g" flow by the
Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, flowed south and began entering the ocean at
501:. The sequence was repeated twice more over the following days with lava entering other cracks and reappearing farther downslope. In this way, the flow had advanced approximately 13.2 km (8.2 mi) from the vent, or to within 1.3 km (0.81 mi) of the eastern boundary of the
368:. Kaimū Bay and Kalapana Black Sand Beach were also completely covered with lava. Over 100 homes were destroyed by the ever-broadening flow field in a nine-month period. New tubes diverted lava away from Kalapana early in 1991, and lava once again entered the ocean within
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in
November, 1986. In the course of that month, lava cut a swath through Kapaʻahu, covered the coastal highway, and finally reached the ocean 12 kilometers (7.5 mi) from the vent. Some weeks later, the lava flow shifted eastwards and buried 14 houses in the town of
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cone collapsed. A few hours later, as magma found a new path to the surface, the ground cracked in nearby Nāpau Crater, and lava fountains lit up the night sky. However, activity in this area was short-lived, and the center of activity soon shifted back to Puʻu ʻŌʻō.
428:
In late July 2008, additional flows extended from the eastern vents of Puʻu ʻŌʻō and in
October multiple new fissures opened along the length of the tube expanding into Royal Gardens Subdivision and covered a large area of the coastal flats in November 2008.
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ocean, with few surface flows in between. The flank vents have held center stage ever since, with the exception of a two-month pause in activity, early in 1997, which followed a brief fissure eruption in Nāpau Crater, a short distance southwest of Puʻu ʻŌʻō.
432:
On March 5, 2011, the floor of the Puʻu ʻŌʻō crater deflated, then collapsed. Two hours later, a new eruption occurred in Kīlauea's middle east zone, between Puʻu ʻŌʻō and Napau Crater. Lava fountains were reported to be 65 feet (20 m) high.
520:. As a result, work was begun to reopen Chain of Craters Road, initially as a one-lane gravelled surface, and to make Railroad Avenue and Government Beach Road usable as emergency routes. However, the flow stopped just short of entering Pāhoa.
550:
On April 30, 2018, Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō's crater floor collapsed as magma drained from the area beneath the cone. Following the collapse, seismicity and ground deformation increased downrift of Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō. On May 3, fissures opened up at the
528:
Kamokuna on July 26, 2016. Lava from the 61g flow covered part of the regraded (but never reopened) new section of the Chain of
Craters Road. The road is kept flat for use by authorities, but is no longer a public thoroughfare.
460:
The 2011 activity ultimately destroyed all remaining homes in the Royal
Gardens Subdivision. Jack Thompson evacuated his home March 2, 2012. His evacuation and return to the property was documented by Leigh Hilbert.
337:. The lava tube allowed the fluid pahoehoe lava to retain heat and flow long distances. In less than a year, overflow from the lake created a broad and low shield about 55 meters (180 ft) above Kūpaʻianahā.
249:
By
January 2005, 2.7 cubic kilometers (0.65 cu mi) of magma covered an area of more than 117 square kilometers (45 sq mi) and added 230 acres (0.93 km) of land to the southeast coast of
254:. The eruption claimed at least 189 buildings and 14 kilometers (8.7 mi) of highways, as well as a church, a store, the Wahaʻula Visitor Center, and many ancient Hawaiian sites, including the Wahaʻula
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to Puʻu ʻŌʻō ruptured, and the eruption abruptly shifted 3 kilometers (1.9 mi) downrift to form the Kūpaʻianahā vent. With the new vent came a new style of eruption: continuous, quiet effusion from a
523:
By March 2015, the June 27 flow retreated to within 6 kilometers of Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō, greatly reducing the threat to Pāhoa. Lava from the June 27 flow remained active in this area through the remainder of 2015.
246:. The eruption that created Puʻu ʻŌʻō began on January 3, 1983, and continued nearly continuously until April 30, 2018, making it the longest-lived rift-zone eruption of the last two centuries.
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The hill was initially nicknamed "Puʻu O" by volcanologists, as its position when marked on a map of the area coincided with an "o" in "Lava flow of 1965". Later, the elders of the village of
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In December 2014, a sustained lava breakout from this lava flow (informally named the "June 27 flow" by Hawaiian Volcano Observatory scientists) threatened to enter the town of
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63:
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for consistency with the board's spelling guidelines. The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory began following the new recommended naming convention shortly thereafter.
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993:
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webcam. The USGS stated that the accumulation of lava had put the crater floor about 39 m (128 ft) below the eastern crater rim, as of June 1.
562:
In January 2019, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory scientists stated that, considering historical data of prior rift zone eruptions and criteria used by the
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to the east-northeast. On August 18, the flow entered a ground crack, traveled underground for several days, then resurfaced to form a small
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Hawaiian Volcano Observatory Daily Update, U.S. Geological Survey; Tuesday, May 1, 2018, 8:49 AM HST (Tuesday, May 1, 2018, 18:49 UTC)
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In 1990, the eruption entered its most destructive phase, when flows turned eastward and completely destroyed the villages of
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replaced the episodic high fountaining. After a few weeks, a roof formed over the main lava outflow channel, which created a
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Crater. The channelized ʻaʻā lava flow reached 3.7 km (2.3 mi) long on 23 September and then stalled within the
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1405:
505:, by the afternoon of September 3. Advancing to the northeast at intermittent rates, the flow had entered the village of
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U.S. Geological Survey fact sheet 144-02: The Puʻu ʻŌʻō-Kūpaʻianahā eruption of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi, 1983 to 2003
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slow advances of ʻaʻā. The flow spread mostly over flows of 1983–1986, with minor incursions into adjoining forests.
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has been closed since 1987, as parts of the road have been buried under lava up to 35 meters (115 ft) thick.
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USGS Volcano Hazards Program: The Puʻu ʻŌʻō-Kūpaʻianahā eruption: still flowing after all these years
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On June 27, 2014, new vents opened on the northeast flank of the Puʻu ʻŌʻō cone that fed a narrow
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and spatter from the towering lava fountains built a cone 255 meters (837 ft) high.
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upper east flank of Puʻu ʻŌʻō, bypassing the crater. The new fissure fed a channelized
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559:. Through the rest of 2018, Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō continued to experience intermittent collapses.
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within one day. The lava flow at Kalapana ceased when the lava tube system shut down.
298:
286:". In 2021, the Hawaiʻi Board of Geographic Names updated the spelling of the cone as
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484:, and southwest toward the lava flow from Puʻu ʻOʻo – outlined by burned vegetation.
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to determine the end of an eruption, the Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō eruption was most likely over.
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The Puʻu ʻŌʻō-Kūpaianaha Eruption of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi: The First 20 Years
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and was within 25 meters (27 yards) of the waste recycling center on October 31.
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2018: Activity at Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō stops; eruption shifts to the Lower East Rift Zone
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On March 26, 2011, lava began to refill the crater's floor, being visible in
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706:"Puʻu ʻŌʻō crater floor collapse followed by middle east rift zone eruption"
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The Puʻu ʻŌʻō eruption began when fissures split the ground in the remote
1624:
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Lava from the Puʻu ʻŌʻō cinder cone has flowed 14 miles into the town of
299:
1983 – 1986: High lava fountains build tall cinder and spatter cone
1634:
1209:
1172:
1013:"Kīlauea 2018: Lower East Rift Zone Eruption and Summit-Collapse Events"
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items, which include "Volcano Watch" articles, photos, videos, and maps.
546:
Collapse in the crater of Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō, creating an ash plume (May 3, 2018)
1455:
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385:
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1037:. US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. January 31, 2019.
239:
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494:
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472:. The lava has breached the boundary of the Pāhoa Transfer Station.
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836:"Recent Kilauea Status Reports, Updates, and Information Releases"
815:"Recent Kilauea Status Reports, Updates, and Information Releases"
723:"Recent Kilauea Status Reports, Updates, and Information Releases"
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30:
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516:, and to cut Highway 130, the only route into and out of Lower
107:
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972:"USGS: Volcano Hazards Program - Hawaiian Volcano Observatory"
869:"First look at completed Puna lava flow emergency bypass road"
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638:. In: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper. 1676, 2003.
585:"Scientists debate whether Leilani Estates eruption is 'new'"
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325:
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struck Kīlauea's east rift zone. Deep within the rift zone,
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1031:"7 months of no lava at Pu'u 'Ō'ō heralds end of an era"
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686:(Report). Hawaiʻi Board on Geographic Names. p. 83
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1986 – 1991: Eruption shifts east to Kūpaʻianahā
222:
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Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey
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717:
715:
408:
Aerial view of Puʻu ʻŌʻō taken on September 10, 2007
375:
282:. The name is also often translated as "Hill of the
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1005:
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890:"Lava flow taxes county budget - West Hawaii Today"
708:. USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. March 5, 2011.
453:. Most of the active lava spread south and west of
712:
413:with as much as 35 m (115 ft) of lava.
356:Aerial view of Puʻu ʻŌʻō taken on August 30, 1990
340:Lava streams were first visible from the town of
1672:
1000:
992:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
384:On the evening of January 29, 1997, a series of
939:"Pu'u 'Ō'ō and the Current Eruption of Kīlauea"
1124:
807:
480:March 2015. Looking south toward the town of
611:"USGS uncertain how long eruption will last"
489:2014 – 2016: Lava flow threatens Pāhoa
974:. Archived from the original on May 4, 2018
961:
959:
307:USGS Map of Historic Flows 1983–April, 2008
274:were asked to name the new hill, and chose
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634:C. Heliker, D.A. Swanson, T.J. Takahashi:
915:"HVO: Lava Flow Warning Alert Downgraded"
956:
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777:. Hawaii Tribute Herald. Archived from
652:"The Pu'u'ō'ō Eruption Lasted 35 Years"
376:1992 – 2013: Steady lava effusion
1673:
1104:USGS summary of the Pu‘u ʻŌʻō eruption
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215:
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16:Volcanic cone in the Hawaiian Islands
801:"Jack Thompson's royal Gardens Home"
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608:
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13:
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324:In July 1986, the conduit feeding
14:
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1681:Cinder cones of the United States
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400:Cutaway of Puʻu ʻŌʻō January 1997
1504:1955 Hawaiian submarine eruption
1076: This article incorporates
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1052: This article incorporates
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753:Weekly Volcanic Activity Reports
29:
1600:Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain
1595:Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park
1585:Evolution of Hawaiian volcanoes
1089:United States Geological Survey
1065:United States Geological Survey
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555:, marking the beginning of the
451:Kahaualeʻa Natural Area Reserve
183:Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain
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602:
583:Dayton, Kevin (May 31, 2018).
503:Wao Kele o Puna Forest Reserve
370:Hawaii Volcanoes National Park
1:
681:Spelling corrections, Hawaiʻi
609:Awa, Brenton (June 4, 2018).
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1610:Hawaiian Volcano Observatory
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7:
424:USGS map of 2008 lava flows
10:
1707:
1524:2022 eruption of Mauna Loa
1514:1984 eruption of Mauna Loa
1509:1975 eruption of Mauna Loa
727:Hawaii Volcano Observatory
535:
51:2,290 ft (700 m)
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1494:
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1315:North Arch volcanic field
1163:South Arch volcanic field
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280:hill of the digging stick
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1519:2018 lower Puna eruption
775:"Lava Claims Final Home"
589:Honolulu Star-Advertiser
564:Global Volcanism Program
557:2018 lower Puna eruption
538:2018 lower Puna eruption
1655:Puna Geothermal Venture
1590:Haleakalā National Park
35:View at dusk, June 1983
1396:Pearl and Hermes Atoll
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1078:public domain material
1054:public domain material
1017:U.S. Geological Survey
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217:[ˈpuʔuˈʔoːʔoː]
79:19.38639°N 155.10500°W
1351:French Frigate Shoals
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856:USGS map July 29,2014
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1283:East Molokai Volcano
1278:West Molokai Volcano
965:April 30, 2018; cf.
656:US Geological Survey
207:, and often written
84:19.38639; -155.10500
1630:Mauna Loa eruptions
1529:Keanakakoi eruption
894:westhawaiitoday.com
260:The coastal highway
166:Cinder/spatter cone
75: /
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1615:Kīlauea eruptions
1605:Hawaiian eruption
1534:ʻAilāʻau eruption
1495:Notable eruptions
1356:Gardner Pinnacles
867:Lincoln, Mileka.
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1650:Pele's tears
1640:Pele (deity)
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1539:Halemaʻumaʻu
1381:Midway Atoll
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1273:Penguin Bank
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120:Parent range
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1645:Pele's hair
1625:Limu o Pele
1580:ʻAʻā (lava)
1549:Kīlauea Iki
1187:Kīlauea Iki
841:October 31,
785:October 28,
759:October 14,
733:October 14,
455:Puʻu Halulu
386:earthquakes
151:Age of rock
82: /
70:155°06′18″W
57:Coordinates
1675:Categories
1361:Kure Atoll
1226:Kahoʻolawe
690:August 26,
661:August 26,
570:References
313:rainforest
278:, meaning
213:pronounced
67:19°23′11″N
1564:Puʻu ʻŌʻō
1554:Mauna Ulu
1497:and vents
1426:Daikakuji
1408:Seamounts
1376:Maro Reef
1263:West Maui
1258:Haleakalā
1215:Mauna Kea
1205:Mauna Loa
1199:Mauna Ulu
1195:Puʻu ʻŌʻō
749:"Kilauea"
499:lava pond
495:lava flow
335:lava tube
331:lava lake
284:ʻŌʻō Bird
276:Puʻu ʻŌʻō
266:Etymology
236:rift zone
201:Puʻu ʻŌʻō
194:1983–2018
172:Volcanic
95:Geography
47:Elevation
24:Puʻu ʻŌʻō
1320:Waiʻanae
1300:Honolulu
1268:Molokaʻi
1210:Hualālai
1173:Māhukona
1153:Windward
1142:topics (
988:cite web
948:June 20,
620:June 13,
594:June 13,
438:USGS HVO
362:Kalapana
347:Kalapana
288:Pu‘u‘ō‘ō
272:Kalapana
205:Pu‘u‘ō‘ō
155:41 years
133:Topo map
100:Location
1691:Kīlauea
1486:Yuryaku
1466:Nintoku
1436:Hancock
1431:Detroit
1421:Colahan
1406:Emperor
1341:Leeward
1310:Koʻolau
1289:Niʻihau
1183:Kīlauea
1178:Hawaiʻi
342:Kapaʻau
252:Hawaiʻi
240:Kīlauea
230:) is a
223:poo-oo-
145:Geology
140:Kalalua
1573:Topics
1451:Kimmei
1416:Abbott
1366:Laysan
1305:Kaʻena
1247:Lānaʻi
1240:Kaʻula
1233:Kauaʻi
1220:Kohala
978:May 6,
920:May 5,
899:May 5,
874:May 5,
729:. USGS
209:Puu Oo
108:Hawaii
1481:Yomei
1476:Suiko
1461:Meiji
1446:Kammu
1441:Jingū
1391:Nihoa
1343:Isles
1295:Oʻahu
1155:Isles
1080:from
1056:from
684:(PDF)
514:Pāhoa
507:Pāhoa
482:Pāhoa
470:Pāhoa
390:magma
366:Kaimū
326:magma
256:heiau
1471:Ojin
1456:Koko
1253:Maui
1144:list
994:link
980:2018
950:2018
922:2018
901:2018
876:2018
843:2014
822:2014
787:2014
761:2012
735:2012
692:2021
663:2021
622:2018
596:2018
518:Puna
446:ʻaʻā
364:and
178:belt
138:USGS
238:of
227:-oh
174:arc
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