233:, in terms of providing favourable information to media and any third party outlets; these may including bloggers, mainstream media, as well as new media forms such as podcasts. This is done to provide a message to consumers without having to pay for direct time or space. This in return creates awareness and achieves greater credibility. After the message has been distributed, the publicist in charge of the information will lose control of how the message is used and interpreted, in contrast to the way it works in advertising. According to Grunig, public relations is often reduced to publicity. He also states how publicity is a form of activity in which should be associated with the sales promotion effort of a company, in order to help aid advertising and personal salesmanship as well. Kent also stated that the doing of publicity can help attract attention whilst also supplying information regarding a specific organization or individual client and any event, activity or attribute associated with them.
273:), or work such as a book, movie, or band. Though there are many aspects to a publicist's job, their main function is to persuade the news media to report about their client in the most positive way possible. Publicists identify newsworthy aspects of products and personalities to offer to media outlets as possible reportage ideas. A variant of this practice which relies on linking a brand to a breaking news story has been dubbed "newsjacking". Publicists are also responsible for shaping reportage about their clients in a timely manner that fits within a media outlet's news cycle. They attempt to present a newsworthy story in a way that influences editorial coverage in a certain, usually positive, direction. This is what is generally referred to as
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shares within a business. It can also play a part in damaging a consumer's perception of a brand or its products. Negative publicity's high credibility and greater influence compared to other company-controlled communications play a part in the potential damage it may have on a corporate image. Crises involved with an organization may also result in negative publicity.
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most people away, any slight hint of negative publicity can in fact build interest amongst the consumer. As stated by Monga & John, negative publicity is not always harmful, and consumers whom identify a brand with strong attitudes are highly unlikely to be affected by the negative publicity formed.
332:
Despite the damaging effect negative publicity may cause, negative publicity may not always have the expected effect. There is a possibility that negative publicity may in fact gain more attention as opposed to positive publicity. Regardless of the nature of negative publicity and its ability to turn
324:
The extensive range of media outlets, including both traditional and new media, provide opportunities for companies to market their products or services. This restricts or reduces the ability to manage negative publicity, as their message may be spread across media outlets. In order for organizations
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Furthermore, negative publicity affects everything from the evaluation of a brand and product to the present. Often, when awareness of a company, brand, or individual is high, negative publicity is deemed to hurt possible sales. In contrast, companies, brands, and individuals who are not widely known
248:
The use of publicity is also known to be an important strategic element and promotional tool due to its effect of intentional exposure on a consumer. This helps publicity gain an advantage over other forms of marketing, such as advertising, often in order to boost credibility. Favourable publicity is
316:
Publicity can also create a negative effect for those being publicized. One of the most important factors in relation to influencing a consumer's buying decision is how a company, brand, or individual deals with negative publicity. Negative publicity may result in major loss of revenue or market
201:
was among the US companies that advertised its products by comparing old-fashioned consumers who did not use the advertised product with the progressive customers who did. Before-after-changes became common in advertisement from 1910 onwards. In the early 20th century, American
217:, and that publicity had "no traceable relation to any benefit which the community may derive." Veblen estimated how much the publicity campaigns of companies added to the price consumers were paying. He argued that the publicity overhead for over-the-counter
329:(CSR) is one solution which can help protect the image of a company or help reverse the damage. Companies must adopt the CSR approach early for it to be effective, or potential risks such as falsified intentions may develop within a consumer's perception.
253:, in which organizations try strive to control via the web. Furthermore, despite the fact that publicity, both good or bad, can be beneficial for an organization, company or individual, much of it is paid for despite claims that publicity is often free.
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A press agent, or flack, is a professional publicist who acts on behalf of his or her client on all matters involving public relations. Press agents are typically employed by public personalities and organizations such as
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Despite publicity being an influential benefit within the marketing sector, one disadvantage which highly affects publicity is the lack of ability in which publicity cannot be repeated, in comparison to paid advertising.
293:, to put into the best light their clients' public actions. While press agents have traditionally worked with newspapers and television, they may also be conversant with newer media forms such as blogs and podcasts.
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function that helps an organization establish and maintain communication with the public. This can be done internally, without the use of popular media. From a marketing perspective, publicity is one component of
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and businesses. A press agent will provide information to the media such as upcoming public events, interview opportunities, and promotional dates, and will work with the
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Organizations will sometimes organize events designed to attract media coverage, and subsequently, provide positive publicity; these events are known as
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shaped the emerging discipline of publicity. In early 19th century Paris, the advertisements and publicity campaigns for consumer items, such as
713:
Dean, D (2004). "Consumer
Reaction to Negative Publicity: Effects of Corporate Reputation, Response, and Responsibility for a Crisis Event".
189:
19th century US companies included not only pro-sales messages in their publicity, but also explanations, demonstrations and exaggerations.
842:
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Monga, A.; John, D. (2008). "When does negative brand publicity hurt? The moderating influence of analytic versus holistic thinking".
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Ahluwalia, R.; Burnkrant, R.; Unnava, H. (2000). "Consumer
Response to Negative Publicity: The Moderating Role of Commitment".
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manufacturers in the US frequently described or even showed consumers before and after the usage of the product. The
162:. Among the urban society, scenes of consumption and new consumer identities were circulated through advertisement.
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in getting in touch with an appropriate client or resource. Press agents are occasionally required to act as "
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is a person whose job is to generate and manage publicity for a company, product, public figure (especially a
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Ehrenberg, A.; Barnard, N.; Kennedy, R.; Bloom, H. (2002). "Brand
Advertising As Creative Publicity".
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Wolfgang Saxon, "Emerson Foote, 85, Who Headed Large
Advertising Agencies, Dies", The New York Times
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Lord, K.; Putrevu, S. (1993). "Advertising and publicity: An information processing perspective".
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150:. Publicity as a practice originates in the core of Paris, where shopping, tourism and the
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784:"Too Good to be True!". The Effectiveness of CSR History in Countering Negative Publicity"
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may use the negative publicity in order to increase brand awareness among the public.
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Aula, P (2010). "Social media, reputation risk and ambient publicity management".
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Public
Relations and Communication Management: An Aotearoa/New Zealand Perspective
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criticised the relative benefit of publicity. He argued that vendibility is not
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Scenes of
Parisian Modernity: Culture and Consumption in the Nineteenth Century
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Public visibility or awareness for any product, service, person or organization
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753:"Positive Effects of Negative Publicity: When Negative Reviews Increase Sales"
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Advertising
Progress: American Business and the Rise of Consumer Marketing
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to try salvage any negative publicity surrounding their brand,
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513:(p. 15). Boston, Mass.: Allyn & Bacon.
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Excellence in public relations and communication management
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500:(pp. 263, 386). Hillsdale, N.J.: L. Erlbaum Associates.
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French advertising poster "Maggi arôme pour corser" by
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Mersham, G., Theunissen, P., & Peart, J. (2016).
63:, organizations, and works of art or entertainment.
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221:and cosmetics was more than half the retail price.
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751:Berger, J.; Sorensen, A.; Rasmussen, S. (2010).
229:Publicity is often referred to as the result of
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55:. The subjects of publicity include people of
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70:is someone that carries out publicity, while
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83:and marketing. The other elements of the
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461:The Social Economics of Thorstein Veblen
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387:"Oxford Learner's Dictionary Entry"
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782:Vanhamme, J.; Grobben, B. (2008).
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616:"Word of the Year 2017: Shortlist"
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51:, often (but not always) via the
135:originates from the French word
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425:Pamela Walker Laird (2001).
27:is the public visibility or
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209:The contemporary economist
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622:. Oxford University Press
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555:Strategy & Leadership
429:. JHU Press. p. 99.
1094:Criticism of advertising
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511:Public Relations Writing
1756:Promotional merchandise
1467:Character assassination
1404:Narcotizing dysfunction
1278:Photograph manipulation
991:Guerrilla communication
404:. Springer. p. 8.
244:in 17th century London.
1739:Product demonstrations
1168:Historical negationism
769:10.1287/mksc.1090.0557
459:David Reisman (2012).
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152:entertainment industry
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1671:Reputation management
1590:Psychological warfare
1439:Political campaigning
1248:Firehose of falsehood
594:10.2501/JAR-42-4-7-18
400:H Hazel Hahn (2009).
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251:reputation management
249:also created through
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1706:Corporate propaganda
487:. Auckland: Pearson.
76:strategic management
1794:Media concentration
1666:Non-apology apology
1656:Cult of personality
1384:Emotive conjugation
1138:Burying of scholars
496:Grunig, J. (1992).
306:Press photographers
160:publishing industry
154:met commercialised
1777:Influence-for-hire
1570:National mythology
1540:Crowd manipulation
1429:Tabloid journalism
1298:Video manipulation
1243:Fictitious entries
966:Civil disobedience
852:Media manipulation
360:Succès de scandale
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61:goods and services
57:public recognition
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1598:Airborne leaflets
1477:Election promises
1331:Product placement
1206:Alternative facts
946:Alternative media
757:Marketing Science
509:Kent, M. (2011).
158:and a burgeoning
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1824:Media proprietor
1648:Public relations
1628:Public diplomacy
1613:Information (IT)
1492:Name recognition
1117:Media regulation
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1809:Media ethics
1729:Door-to-door
1724:Cold calling
1701:Weasel words
1608:Fifth column
1502:Push polling
1452:Astroturfing
1414:Pseudo-event
1394:Infotainment
1369:Broadcasting
1335:
1288:Urban legend
1211:April Fools'
1084:Testimonials
1054:Infomercials
881:Dumbing down
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791:J Bus Ethics
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74:(PR) is the
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45:organization
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1681:Sound bites
1661:Doublespeak
1512:Wedge issue
1472:Dog whistle
1447:Advertising
1273:Lying press
1258:Gaslighting
1036:Advertising
1011:Occupations
901:Obfuscation
891:Half-truths
588:(4): 7–18.
242:coffeehouse
176:perfumeries
156:print media
89:advertising
1839:Categories
1782:Media bias
1638:Subversion
1603:False flag
1580:Techniques
1522:Propaganda
1482:Lawn signs
1462:Canvassing
1356:News media
1112:Censorship
1044:Billboards
996:Hacktivism
986:Grassroots
911:Persuasion
373:References
297:Negativity
283:performers
261:Publicists
184:flyposting
180:regulation
1845:Publicity
1744:Promotion
1623:Political
1530:Bandwagon
1457:Attack ad
1336:Publicity
1308:Marketing
1221:Fake news
1183:Religious
1178:Political
1158:Euphemism
1153:Cover-ups
1148:Corporate
1016:Petitions
906:Orwellian
876:Deception
735:167769939
602:166625779
310:Hong Kong
271:celebrity
267:publicist
195:cosmetics
172:retailers
138:publicité
133:Publicity
81:promotion
68:publicist
29:awareness
25:publicity
21:marketing
1691:Transfer
1633:Sedition
1497:Negative
1409:Newspeak
1399:Managing
1341:Research
1316:Branding
1268:Literary
1233:Fakelore
1226:websites
1216:Deepfake
1173:Internet
1064:Modeling
1021:Protests
1001:Internet
934:Advocacy
926:Activism
811:55295063
668:51806192
349:Photo op
337:See also
174:such as
168:cashmere
31:for any
1770:Related
1749:Spaving
1734:Pricing
1676:Slogans
1618:Lawfare
1555:Framing
1535:Big lie
1326:Product
1321:Loyalty
1253:Forgery
1198:Hoaxing
1079:Slogans
1059:Mobiles
951:Boycott
859:Context
626:12 June
215:utility
116:History
37:service
33:product
1374:Circus
1283:Racial
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41:person
1716:Sales
1419:Scrum
1379:Cycle
1293:Virus
1163:Films
1128:Books
1069:Radio
1049:False
1026:Youth
1006:Media
939:group
896:Media
807:S2CID
787:(PDF)
731:S2CID
664:S2CID
598:S2CID
287:media
53:media
1686:Spin
1263:List
1188:Self
866:Bias
628:2020
465:ISBN
431:ISBN
406:ISBN
275:spin
193:and
99:and
87:are
1074:Sex
799:doi
765:doi
723:doi
696:doi
656:doi
590:doi
563:doi
536:doi
308:in
182:on
43:or
19:In
1841::
1089:TV
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