830:
1038:
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175:, was the first European to sail along and explore the California coast. Although he claimed all he saw as territory of the Spanish Empire, no efforts at colonization were made for over two hundred years. Concerned about colonizing efforts by the Russians and French, Spain set plans in motion in the 1760s to establish a presence and defend its claim to the territory.
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pg. 17 'Hence, the location of Yaanga near El Rio de la
Porciuncula (Los Angeles River) was an essential prerequisite to the survival of Los Angeles.' pg. 35 'After Los Angeles was founded, the adjacent village of Yaanga served as the main source of labor for the pueblo and surrounding ranchos... In
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and the United States, but the occupation caused both factions to unite against the invading
Americans. Gillespie's garrison was compelled to withdraw in October when the residents, Californio Lancers, vaqueros on horseback without firearms, only lances, revolted and chased the US occupying force
282:
in 1777. The monarch, disregarding the production and trade roles of the missions, saw a greater need for secular pueblos to be established as the centers of agriculture and commerce to supply the crown's ever-growing military presence in "Nueva
California." The priests at the missions ignored the
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Governor de Neve took his assignment seriously and had a complete set of maps and plans drawn up by May 1780 for the layout and settlement of the new pueblo, including the placement of government houses, town houses, the church, the fields, the farms, and access to the river – the
355:
and, escorted by a military detachment and two priests from the
Mission, set out for the site that Crespí had chosen. In reality, several of the families were probably already working on their plots of land as early as late July. Governor de Neve gave the new town the name
840:
Los
Angeles initially surrendered to the surprise invasion by United States forces. The small Mexican forces of Los Angeles fled at the approach of US troops, and August 13, 1846 the American flag was raised over the city. A garrison of fifty US Marines under
153:. As new settlers arrived and soldiers retired to civilian life in Los Angeles, the town became the principal urban center of southern Alta California, whose social and economic life revolved around the raising of livestock on the expansive
716:
for the honor of being the capital of
California; was the seat of conspiracies to overthrow the Mexican authority; and the stronghold of the South California party in the bickering and struggles that lasted down to the American occupation.
253:
the
Natives on the mission. The mission encountered further trouble in 1776 when a flood damaged the mission, convincing the missionaries to move and rebuild the mission on a higher and more defensible location: its present site in
232:
During the expedition, Father Crespí observed a location along the river that would be good for a settlement or mission. However, in 1771, Father Serra instead commissioned two missionaries to establish the
1227:
The families arrived at San
Gabriel Mission in two groups. The first in early June and the second in mid August. The second group had to be quarantined for a few days due to an outbreak of
742:. In 1835 it was made a city by the Mexican Congress, and declared the capital, but the last provision was not enforced and was soon recalled. In 1836–1838, it was the headquarters of
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1489:
1262:
1781:
1877:
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217:, the church where St. Francis of Assisi, founder of the Franciscan order, carried out his religious life. The river that was called the Porciuncula is today's
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back to the San Pedro Harbor. Los
Angeles was not retaken until Commodore Stockton again captured the city on January 10, 1847, after the battles at the
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royal mandate and continued their ranching, trading and production of tallow, soap, hides, and beef, often in competition with new pueblo ventures.
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from the town center. The streets, however, were laid out at forty-five degrees from the cardinal directions, a plan which is still preserved in
20:
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1538:
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1975:
883:
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and immigrant Roman
Catholic community as the only church in the vicinity of the City of Los Angeles until the 1876 construction of the
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techniques. Land however turned out to be the more "profitable gold", as ranching and development expanded as the town and region grew.
2081:
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were greatly outmanned and outgunned, represented the important overt resistance to the establishment of the American regime in the
650:
2076:
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fact, as the demand for Indian labor grew, the Yaanga village began to look more like a refugee camp than a traditional community.'
594:
1689:
1985:
267:
1168:. (Los Angeles: Historical Society of Southern California; Pasadena: Zamorano Club of Los Angeles, 2004), 117–129 and 73–109.
453:. Since the government of Las Californias had a strong military orientation in this early phase of colonization, the civilian
1965:
1950:
1173:
1140:
Historian Doyce B. Nunis Jr., has traced the longer name to the histories written by the Franciscan missionaries, especially
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governor of California, whose jurisdiction was never recognized in the north; and, in 1845–1847, it was the actual capital.
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2036:
1646:
606:
120:
1980:
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among it. The September 4 date seems to reflect the day the formal foundation documents were drawn up. Ríos-Bustamante,
1786:
1531:
698:
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447:(municipal magistrate), were appointed by Governor de Neve. Subsequent ones were elected annually by the settlers, the
205:, they were awed by a river that flowed from the northwest, past their point and on southward. Crespí named the river
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1071:
676:
210:
50:" is to the left, the brick reservoir on the right, and in the center of the plaza, was the original terminus of the
2006:
658:
380:. The old town limits are still marked by Hoover and Indiana Streets in the west and east respectively. In 1784 an
2051:
1960:
983:
905:, Mexico formally ceded nearly half its nation's total territory, including Alta California, to the United States.
93:
2011:
1945:
1897:
1854:
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562:(The Church of Our Lady of the Angels) was rebuilt utilizing materials of the original church in 1861. The term
234:
225:" Marian title, various versions of Crespí's formula would be used for the town, including the exceedingly long
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mandated that a pueblo be built on the site instead, which would be the second town in Alta California, after
146:
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1806:
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1656:
1588:
1524:
1304:
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566:(queen) was added later to reconcile the church's name with that of the town. The small chapel, also called "
528:
921:
A 1920s restoration drive led by Christine Sterling began a restoration of the historic area, starting with
1621:
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190:
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was left in control. The city's population had been rent by factional quarrels when war broke out between
2021:
954:
902:
754:
690:
527:, and a Mestizo in 1790 census). In judicial affairs, both military and civil cases were appealed to the
405:
209:, meaning, in Spanish, "the River of Our Lady Queen of the Angels of Porciuncula". The name derives from
149:(1769). The original settlement consisted of forty-four people in eleven families, recruited mostly from
1275:
929:. Among its saved and restored buildings is the oldest standing residence in Los Angeles City, the 1818
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1598:
855:
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512:
168:
1684:
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863:
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202:
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For a full description of the buildings preserved in the district today as a historic monument, see
2016:
1935:
1849:
1393:
953:. The 1939 construction of the significant transit hub and architectural landmark, the Los Angeles
791:
782:
639:
428:
743:
643:
487:, one of the soldiers who accompanied the original 44 settlers to the pueblo. The first recorded
310:-settlers was a little more difficult. After failing to recruit the target number of families in
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1755:
1704:
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and Alta California. Both the dioceses of Sonora and the Two Californias were suffragan of the
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Beginning about 1827, Los Angeles, now the largest pueblo of the territory, became a rival of
1737:
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confluence, to the colonial pueblo and later the American city into the latter 19th century.
859:
702:
213:(Italian: "St. Mary of the Angels") which is the name of the small town in Italy housing the
155:
142:
1338:
The Works of Hubert Howe Bancroft. Vol. XVIII (The History of California, vol. 1, 1542–1800)
734:, includes a brief depiction of the pueblo and area, then dependent on the export of cattle
484:
279:
1560:
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1248:, Vol. 1. (Los Angeles: Historic Record Company, 1915), 74. Book 4, Title 5, Law VI of the
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to finally end up with 11 families, that is, 11 men, 11 women, and 22 children of various
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8:
1970:
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558:. The completed structure was dedicated on 8 December 1822. A replacement chapel, named
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became the Spanish-speaking parish. "The Plaza Church" still stands today, exhibiting
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822:, the Mexican citizens repelled American troops for five months, utilizing about 160
463:
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271:
250:
218:
1507:
C. A. Bancroft, & J. S. Thayer, & W. H. J. Brooks; San Francisco, 1875. via
960:
Of archaeological interest is the discovery of sections of the original brick lined
194:
1920:
1814:
1516:
1503:. Surveyed by E.O.C. Ord, Lt. U.S.A. and Wm. R. Hutton, Assistant, August 29, 1849…
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119:(civil). The Pueblo de los Ángeles was the second pueblo (town) created during the
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1631:
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1583:
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submitted 1854 Los Angeles City Lands, including Plaza Church and "Azequia Madre"
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were Felipe Santiago García (a Criollo) and Manuel Camero (a Mulatto in the 1781
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222:
100:
1892:
1694:
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were lost and the relevant parts of the Provincial archives were burned in the
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The Spanish settlement did not reach Alta California until 1769, when explorer
67:
The town of Our Lady the Queen of the Angels of the River of the little portion
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was José Vanegas, who served in 1786 and 1796. Vanegas was first listed as an
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1458:. Nuestra Historia Series, Monograph No. 1. Encino: Floricanto Press, 1992.
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On 18 August 1814 Father Luis Gíl y Taboada placed the cornerstone of a new
339:
227:
El Pueblo de Nuestra Señora la Reina de los Ángeles sobre el Río Porciúncula
133:—'The Town of the Queen of Angels' was founded twelve years after the first
1887:
1745:
1435:. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 12–14.
1246:
A History of California and an Extended History of Los Angeles and Environs
332:
59:
El Pueblo de Nuestra Señora la Reina de los Ángeles del Río de Porciúncula
1869:
1829:
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and the 101st Ordinance of Philip II's Ordinances Concerning Discoveries.
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and a successful cattle enterprise. Across Olvera Street stands the 1887
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In 1842, a sheep rancher, pausing under an oak tree, discovered gold in
28:
1930:
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1341:(San Francisco: The History Company Publishers, 1886), 337 and 461–462.
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and San Francisco, and proclaimed the invading "conquest" complete. In
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reflected the mixed population of the small settlement: José Sinova, a
187:
81:
36:
1902:
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762:
628:
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1186:
Regulations for the Government of the Province of the Californias (
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706:
105:
1416:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
1252:
and Ordinances 88 and 89 of the Ordinances Concerning Discoveries.
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east of the old Plaza, added to the Pueblo area's reinvigoration.
823:
578:. Saint Vibiana Cathedral became the English-speaking parish and
516:
500:
443:
327:
315:
1276:"Los Angeles Department of City Planning, Recommendation Report"
701:, their land was distributed for the establishment of many more
693:(1810–1821) from Spain, life began to change in Los Angeles and
88:. The pueblo was built using labor from the adjacent village of
893:, an informal agreement to cease fighting in California at the
846:
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739:
449:
311:
207:
El Río de Nuestra Señora la Reina de los Ángeles de Porciúncula
183:
89:
16:
Spanish colonial pueblo; predecessor to the city of Los Angeles
971:
388:
360:-The Town of the Queen of the Angels. In accordance with the
319:
1263:
Map Of The City Of Los Angeles Showing the Confirmed Limits…
201:, who recorded the expedition. As they came through today's
1315:. (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1977), 74–75.
705:. The Native population was displaced or absorbed into the
1508:
1196:
Available online at Internet Archive (retrieved July 2018)
1188:
Reglamento para el gobierno de la provincia de Californias
1166:
The Founding Documents of Los Angeles: A Bilingual Edition
1144:, who wished to play up the region's connections to their
925:. Today the Pueblo's original outline is preserved by the
387:
of the San Gabriel Mission was established on the central
368:
the new towns in Alta California were to have four square
304:
Reglamento para el gobierno de la Provincia de Californias
372:
of land; that is a distance marked by one league in each
182:
reached the San Diego area via the first land route from
1150:"City of Angels' First Name Still Bedevils Historians."
401:
List of pre-statehood mayors of Los Angeles, California
1456:
Mexican Los Ángeles: A Narrative and Pictorial History
343:
Monument commemorating origin of Pueblo de Los Angeles
221:. Because the future town's name was a take on this "
1546:
1032:
Spanish colonial pueblos and villas in North America
993:
970:, which was a "surface and underground" gravity fed
901:
in January 1847. Under the later comprehensive 1848
543:
La Iglesia de Nuestra Señora la Reina de los Ángeles
536:
La Iglesia de Nuestra Señora la Reina de los Ángeles
409:
People gather in the original Plaza in front of the
347:
As local lore tells it, on September 4, 1781 the 44
951:
Los Angeles Plaza Historic District Visitors Center
245:. The missionaries encountered resistance from the
1493:— Showing the Confirmed Limits Surveyed in August
437:(town council). The first municipal officers, the
1211:here was following Book 4, Title 5, Law X of the
1064:The Los Angeles Plaza: Sacred and Contested Space
826:, or cowboys, against about 700 American forces.
391:, to provide religious services to the settlers.
270:Father Crespí's location on the Río Porciúncula (
1998:
1388:is the Henry Gage Mansion, built in 1795 on the
1311:is incomplete. Caughey, John and LaRee Caughey.
810:. United States troops then took control of the
1840:Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area
794:(1846–1848). On June 18, 1846 a small group of
612:
515:, a Criollo, 1790; and Juan Francisco Reyes, a
1190:) Spanish reprint plus English translation in
1066:. University of Texas Press. pp. 17, 35.
765:. In subsequent decades local mining employed
479:carried out their duties correctly. The first
423:The pueblo came under the jurisdiction of the
1976:Upper Las Virgenes Canyon Open Space Preserve
1532:
1299:Unfortunately the records of the Spanish-era
802:and declared independence from Mexico in the
425:Commandancy General of the Internal Provinces
128:
2032:Spanish mission settlements in North America
1442:El Pueblo: The Historic Heart of Los Angeles
1370:El Pueblo: The Historic Heart of Los Angeles
21:El Pueblo de Los Ángeles Historical Monument
761:, just north of the city sparking a minor
657:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
619:California History: Mexican era (1821–1846)
570:" and "the Plaza Church," served the total
560:La Iglesia de Nuestra Señora de los Ángeles
80:settled in 1781, which became the American
1539:
1525:
1109:
1084:
927:El Pueblo de Los Angeles Historic Monument
237:-San Gabriel Mission near the present day
2067:History of Los Angeles County, California
1594:Pueblo de Los Angeles State Historic Park
1472:. San Diego: Sunbelt Publications, 1999.
1444:. Los Angeles: Getty Publications, 2002.
677:Learn how and when to remove this message
431:. As a pueblo, Los Angeles was granted a
1421:
1353:
1344:
1036:
912:
828:
404:
338:
27:
2072:Butterfield Overland Mail in California
1061:
776:
471:, who was charged with making sure the
2057:1781 establishments in Alta California
1999:
1281:. City of Los Angeles. August 21, 2008
790:reached California at the time of the
2027:Colonial settlements in North America
1966:Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park
1951:Marvin Braude Mulholland Gateway Park
1520:
1497:; by Henry Hancock U.S. Dep. Survey.
593:The Los Angeles parish was under the
2047:Populated places established in 1781
1647:Los Angeles River Center and Gardens
908:
655:adding citations to reliable sources
622:
358:El Pueblo de la Reina de los Ángeles
130:El Pueblo de la Reina de los Ángeles
1835:Mildred E. Mathias Botanical Garden
1017:Los Angeles Plaza Historic District
274:) for a mission. Instead, in 1781,
92:and was totally dependent on local
13:
1787:Kenneth Hahn State Recreation Area
1440:Poole, Jean Bruce and Tevvy Ball.
1194:magazine, volume 6, January 1897.
947:Eloisa Martinez de Sepulveda House
14:
2093:
1483:
1055:
980:Rio Porciuncula-Los Angeles River
503:in the 1790 census. The next few
171:, with a commission from Viceroy
2082:1781 establishments in New Spain
1961:Orcutt Ranch Horticulture Center
1500:Plan de la Ciudad De Los Angeles
1409:
1313:Los Angeles: Biography of a City
1250:Recompilación de Leyes de Indias
1117:"Origin of the Name Los Angeles"
996:
627:
461:(commissioner) appointed by the
258:. The first Spanish governor of
2077:Old Spanish Trail (trade route)
1946:Los Encinos State Historic Park
1898:Ken Malloy Harbor Regional Park
1855:Will Rogers State Historic Park
1579:Los Angeles State Historic Park
1375:
1362:
1326:
1293:
1268:
1255:
1062:Estrada, William David (2009).
551:church amidst the ruins of the
457:was originally supervised by a
1637:Lewis MacAdams Riverfront Park
1491:Map Of The City Of Los Angeles
1238:
1221:
1201:
1179:
1158:
1146:Roman Catholic religious order
1134:
978:, that brought water from the
870:. These battles, in which the
699:secularization of the missions
599:Diocese of the Two Californias
1:
1657:Rio de Los Angeles State Park
1403:
1305:1906 San Francisco earthquake
835:Los Angeles as it was in 1871
601:was established to serve the
394:
286:
266:had, as well, recommended to
123:of California (the first was
40:
1622:Ernest E. Debs Regional Park
746:, a legally named but never
613:Mexican independence and era
235:Mission San Gabriel Arcángel
186:. Accompanying him were two
7:
2042:19th century in Los Angeles
2037:18th century in Los Angeles
1307:, so the surviving list of
1155:(March 26, 2005), Sec. A-1.
1092:"Settlement of Los Angeles"
989:
903:Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
884:Governor of Alta California
162:
147:Mission San Diego de Alcalá
10:
2098:
1981:Van Nuys Sherman Oaks Park
1599:Vista Hermosa Natural Park
1454:Ríos-Bustamante, Antonio.
1381:Note: The oldest house in
917:Historical monument marker
856:Battle of Dominguez Rancho
833:Image from 1929 story map
780:
616:
576:Cathedral of Saint Vibiana
540:
398:
290:
18:
1911:
1868:
1805:
1782:Jesse Owens Memorial Park
1764:
1736:
1703:
1670:
1607:
1559:
864:Battle of Rio San Gabriel
731:Two Years Before the Mast
603:Baja California Peninsula
513:Mariano de la Luz Verdugo
499:(register) but then as a
469:Presidio of Santa Barbara
314:, he had to go as far as
1850:Veterans Barrington Park
1265:below in External_Links.
1048:
806:on the Plaza in Sonoma,
529:Audiencia of Guadalajara
519:, 1793. Among the first
429:Viceroyalty of New Spain
211:Santa Maria degli Angeli
99:Official settlements in
96:labor for its survival.
2052:1781 in Alta California
1432:Encyclopædia Britannica
744:Carlos Antonio Carrillo
728:as a sailor. His book,
597:until 1840, when a new
320:Spanish American castes
169:Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo
2012:History of Los Angeles
1045:
1012:History of Los Angeles
918:
837:
798:raised the California
722:Richard Henry Dana Jr.
590:architectural styles.
441:(council members) and
420:
344:
293:Los Angeles Pobladores
129:
55:
2007:Pueblo de Los Ángeles
1511:. accessed 11.23.2010
1333:Bancroft, Hubert Howe
1213:Recompilación de las
1040:
916:
878:. Lieutenant-Colonel
860:Battle of San Pasqual
832:
781:Further information:
607:Archdiocese of Mexico
495:in the original 1781
408:
342:
280:San José de Guadalupe
249:to their attempts to
143:Presidio of San Diego
103:were of three types:
71:Pueblo de los Ángeles
31:
2062:Downtown Los Angeles
1778:Gilbert Lindsay Park
1164:Nunis, Doyce B. Jr.
852:Siege of Los Angeles
792:Mexican–American War
783:Mexican–American War
777:Mexican–American War
759:Rancho San Francisco
651:improve this section
378:Downtown Los Angeles
306:. But gathering the
121:Spanish colonization
1971:The Japanese Garden
1913:San Fernando Valley
1825:De Neve Square Park
1797:Vermont Square Park
1233:Mexican Los Ángeles
943:"mid Wilshire area"
939:Rancho Las Cienegas
899:San Fernando Valley
843:Archibald Gillespie
820:Southern California
808:Northern California
691:War of Independence
467:(commander) of the
353:San Gabriel Mission
151:Estado de Occidente
35:, as seen from the
2022:Mexican California
1845:Topanga State Park
1820:Cheviot Hills Park
1728:Runyon Canyon Park
1713:Barnsdall Art Park
1390:Rancho San Antonio
1046:
1027:Laws of the Indies
1004:Los Angeles portal
949:, that now is the
919:
891:Treaty of Cahuenga
838:
485:José Vicente Feliz
450:vecinos pobladores
421:
374:cardinal direction
362:Laws of the Indies
345:
173:Antonio de Mendoza
56:
1994:
1993:
1926:El Escorpión Park
1792:Mary Bethune Park
1766:South Los Angeles
1718:Campo de Cahuenga
1174:978-0-914421-31-3
1153:Los Angeles Times
909:Modern state park
895:Campo de Cahuenga
876:Los Angeles Basin
868:Battle of La Mesa
687:
686:
679:
595:Diocese of Sonora
272:Los Angeles River
243:San Gabriel River
219:Los Angeles River
180:Gaspar de Portolà
75:Spanish civilian
2089:
1921:Bell Canyon Park
1883:Angels Gate Park
1815:Ballona Wetlands
1756:Pan-Pacific Park
1541:
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1527:
1518:
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1392:site, presently
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1368:Poole and Ball.
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1192:Land of Sunshine
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804:Bear Flag Revolt
788:Manifest Destiny
755:Placerita Canyon
726:San Pedro Harbor
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662:
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588:Carpenter Gothic
584:Spanish Colonial
413:Old Plaza Church
276:King Charles III
268:Viceroy Bucareli
239:Whittier Narrows
132:
115:(religious) and
69:), shortened to
48:Old Plaza Church
45:
42:
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2017:The Californias
1997:
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1990:
1941:Limekiln Canyon
1907:
1864:
1801:
1774:Exposition Park
1760:
1751:La Cienega Park
1732:
1699:
1666:
1632:Hollenbeck Park
1627:Heritage Square
1617:Bud Wiener Park
1603:
1589:Pershing Square
1584:Maguire Gardens
1574:Grand Hope Park
1555:
1545:
1486:
1470:Mission Memoirs
1468:Ruscin, Terry.
1425:, ed. (1911). "
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241:section of the
223:Queen of Heaven
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1956:O'Melveny Park
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1893:Cabrillo Beach
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1690:Lafayette Park
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1662:Sycamore Grove
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1484:External links
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1423:Chisholm, Hugh
1405:
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1359:Ruscin, p. 50.
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1350:Ruscin, p. 49.
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541:Main article:
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385:or sub-mission
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264:Felipe de Neve
195:Junípero Serra
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1986:Woodley Park
1888:Averill Park
1746:Hancock Park
1685:Elysian Park
1642:Lincoln Park
1593:
1509:RareMaps.com
1506:
1499:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1469:
1455:
1441:
1430:
1407:
1394:Bell Gardens
1384:
1383:Los Angeles
1377:
1369:
1364:
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1346:
1337:
1328:
1312:
1308:
1300:
1295:
1283:. Retrieved
1270:
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1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
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1152:
1136:
1124:. Retrieved
1120:
1111:
1099:. Retrieved
1095:
1086:
1077:
1063:
1057:
1041:
968:Mother Ditch
967:
961:
959:
942:
920:
839:
834:
786:
752:
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729:
719:
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709:population.
688:
673:
664:
649:Please help
637:
592:
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563:
559:
554:
546:
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481:commisionado
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459:commisionado
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382:
365:
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351:gathered at
348:
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299:
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231:
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206:
203:Elysian Park
177:
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154:
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127:, in 1777).
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109:(military),
104:
98:
76:
70:
66:
58:
57:
32:
25:
1936:Lake Balboa
1830:Holmby Park
1549:Los Angeles
1427:Los Angeles
1126:January 23,
1101:January 23,
1022:Zanja Madre
984:Arroyo Seco
963:Zanja Madre
931:Avila Adobe
889:signed the
887:Andrés Pico
872:Californios
697:. With the
300:Instrucción
256:San Gabriel
215:Porciuncula
199:Juan Crespí
86:Los Angeles
52:Zanja Madre
44: 1869
2001:Categories
1931:Hansen Dam
1569:Grand Park
1553:California
1404:References
1209:Reglamento
937:who owned
617:See also:
580:La Placita
572:Californio
568:La Placita
555:asistencia
549:Franciscan
464:comandante
419:1890-1900.
399:See also:
395:Government
383:asistencia
366:Reglamento
349:pobladores
308:pobladores
291:See also:
287:Settlement
188:Franciscan
94:Indigenous
82:metropolis
73:, was the
37:Pico House
1903:Peck Park
1878:Alma Park
1705:Hollywood
1680:Echo Park
1672:Northwest
1609:Northeast
1547:Parks in
982:near the
933:built by
812:presidios
800:Bear Flag
767:hard rock
763:gold rush
720:In 1835,
638:does not
553:original
521:regidores
477:regidores
439:regidores
54:aqueduct.
1807:Westside
1738:Wilshire
1561:Downtown
1464:27672256
1309:alcaldes
1285:March 9,
1235:, 50–53.
1229:smallpox
990:See also
976:aqueduct
866:and the
824:vaqueros
816:Monterey
748:de facto
724:visited
714:Monterey
707:Hispanic
511:, 1789;
505:alcaldes
302:and the
251:resettle
167:In 1542
163:Founding
145:and the
135:presidio
125:San Jose
106:presidio
33:La Plaza
1420::
1301:cabildo
897:in the
880:Frémont
796:Yankees
703:ranchos
659:removed
644:sources
517:Mulatto
509:Criollo
501:Mestizo
489:alcalde
473:alcalde
455:cabildo
444:alcalde
434:cabildo
427:in the
370:leagues
328:Mulatto
324:Criollo
316:Sinaloa
156:ranchos
139:mission
112:mission
63:English
46:. The "
1870:Harbor
1476:
1462:
1448:
1414:
1385:County
1372:, 111.
1319:
1172:
1070:
1042:Diseño
847:Mexico
771:placer
740:tallow
525:padrón
497:padrón
493:Indian
312:Sonora
247:Tongva
191:Padres
184:Mexico
141:, the
117:pueblo
90:Yaanga
77:pueblo
1279:(PDF)
1049:Notes
972:canal
966:-the
736:hides
564:Reina
417:circa
389:plaza
333:Negro
1495:1857
1474:ISBN
1460:OCLC
1446:ISBN
1317:ISBN
1287:2016
1261:See
1170:ISBN
1128:2023
1103:2023
1068:ISBN
974:and
882:and
769:and
738:and
642:any
640:cite
586:and
483:was
475:and
364:and
330:and
197:and
137:and
1429:".
814:at
757:in
653:by
415:",
84:of
2003::
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61:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
