1312:(under article 73(e) of the Charter of the United Nations). The resolution passed, garnering a favorable vote from some 40% of the General Assembly, with over 60% abstaining or voting against it (20 to 16, plus 18 abstentions). Today, however, the UN "still debates whether Puerto Rico is a colony" or not. The United States has been "unwilling to play in public the imperial role...apparently it has no appetite for acknowledging in a public way the contradictions implicit in frankly colonial rule. Something in our own history makes the idea of our ruling other people very difficult to deal with. Puerto Rico's political status certainly has evolved in its century inside the North American 'family.' But the permanent interim political status of which Tomas Blanco wrote still has not ended." The island has been called a colony by many, including US Federal judges, US Congresspeople, the Chief Justice of the Puerto Rico Supreme Court, and numerous scholars. For additional references to Puerto Rico's current (2021) colonial status under U.S. rule, see Nicole Narea, Amy Goodman and Ana Irma Rivera Lassén, David S. Cohen and Sidney W. Mintz.
35:
1128:
7469:
655:. 97% of votes cast favored statehood. The November 2020 referendum was the first to ask voters a simple yes-or-no question: "Should Puerto Rico be admitted immediately into the Union as a State?". There were 655,505 votes in favor of statehood (52.52%) and 592,671 votes opposed (47.48%), with a turnout of 1,248,476 voters out of the total population stated by census Population Estimates of 3,221,789 as of July 1, 2022. The 55% turnout rate equaled that for the simultaneous
7457:
7481:
522:
945:, but died in Committee. A corresponding bill in the Legislative Assembly of Puerto Rico that would implement the vote, known in English as the Law for the Final Definition of the Political Status of Puerto Rico (P.S. 1467), was approved by both houses on March 31, 2020, and sent to the Governor for signature. The single question was "Should Puerto Rico be immediately admitted into the Union as a state?", with only two options: "yes" or "no".
7493:
1016:. In April 2023, Puerto Rico's Status Act, which seeks to resolve its territorial status and relationship with the United States through a binding plebiscite at the federal level, was reintroduced in the House by Democrats. This legislation, however, has been viewed as biased in favor of incorporating Puerto Rico as a state due to its introducers being pro-State for Puerto Rico.
1303:. In 1952, after the US Congress approved Puerto Rico's constitution, its formal name became "Commonwealth of Puerto Rico", but its new name "did not change Puerto Rico's political, social, and economic relationship to the United States." That year, the United States advised the United Nations (UN) that the island was a self-governing territory. During its 8th session, the
875:. Voters who chose "No" to the first question numbered 970,910 (54.0%), expressing themselves against continuing the current political status, while those who voted "Yes" numbered 828,077 (46.0%), indicating their desire to continue the current political status relationship. Of those who answered the second question, 834,191 (61.2%) chose statehood, 454,768 (33.3%) chose
798:, which established a civil government and free trade between Puerto Rico and the USA. Puerto Ricans, although incapable of electing members of the territory's executive branch, were now able to elect their local representatives and a resident commissioner to the US Congress, who had a voice but no vote. In 1917, the enactment of the
922:
which included $ 2.5M in funding for a future referendum, intended to help educate the population on any future plebiscite. The fifth referendum was held on June 11, 2017, and offered voters three options: "Statehood", "Free
Association/Independence" and "Current Territorial Status". The turnout was
793:
Since the transfer of sovereignty of Puerto Rico from Spain to the United States, the relationship between Puerto Rico and the US has been debated by many. On April 11, 1899, the peace treaty between Spain and the USA (the 1898 Treaty of Paris) became effective, and established a military government
639:
described them as "marred, with ballot language phrased to favor the party in office". For example, the fourth referendum, held in
November 2012, asked voters (1) whether they wanted to maintain the current political status of Puerto Rico and, if not, (2) which alternative status they prefer. Of the
1298:
Puerto Rico was a colony of Spain from 1493 to 1898, when it passed to be a colonial possession of the United States, classified by the United States as "an unincorporated territory". In 1914, the Puerto Rican House of
Delegates voted unanimously in favor of independence from the United States, but
1034:
In July 2024, Governor Pedro
Pierluisi called a plebiscite on the status of Puerto Rico in November 2024, for the first time the island's current status as a U.S. territory will not be an option during the non-binding plebiscite. The executive order follows the U.S. House of Representatives' 2022
963:
announced that a referendum on Puerto Rico's statehood would be held in
November of that year. For the first time in the territory's history, only one direct question was asked: "Should Puerto Rico be admitted immediately into the Union as a State?" Previous referendums presented multiple options
1023:
introduced legislation under the same title which, if passed, would schedule a first vote for August 4, 2024, where Puerto Ricans would have the choice between four alternatives: annexation to the United States, independence, sovereignty in free association, and a free state associated with the
752:
Benefits of statehood include an additional $ 10 billion per year in federal funds, the right to vote in presidential elections, higher Social
Security and Medicare benefits, increased minimum wage, and a right for its government agencies and municipalities to file for bankruptcy. The latter is
704:
is responsible for policy relations between the United States and Puerto Rico, although according to the
Territorial Clause of Constitution of the United States of America "The Congress shall have power to dispose of and make all needful Rules and Regulations respecting the Territory or other
3012:"For Puerto Rico, True Decolonization Must Mean Independence: The Puerto Rico Status Act nominally presents a choice on the archipelago's political future, but U.S. impositions will never offer a path to liberation. With a people's education campaign, new autonomous directions are possible"
1035:
approval of a bill to help Puerto Rico move toward a change in territorial status. Voters are given the choice of statehood, independence, or independence with free association, the terms of which would be negotiated regarding foreign affairs, U.S. citizenship, and use of the U.S. dollar.
879:, and 74,895 (5.5%) chose independence. The preferred status consultation did not include Puerto Rico's current status as a territory (Estado Libre Asociado as defined by the 1952 Constitution) as a choice, but instead an alternative named "E.L.A. Soberano" On December 11, 2012, the
846:
A referendum in
December 1998 offered voters four political status options: statehood, independence, free association, and territorial commonwealth, plus "none of the above." The latter option won 50.5% of the vote, followed by statehood, with 46.6%. Turnout was 71%.
1007:
On
December 15, 2022, H.R. 8393 passed the House of Representatives in a 233–191 vote with 11 absences. It would have instituted a binding referendum that would allow Puerto Ricans to vote on the future status of the island, that Congress would have to obey. Every
2155:
831:
on July 23, 1967. Voters were given the choice between being a
Commonwealth, statehood or independence. The majority of voters voted for Commonwealth status while around 40% showed support for joining as a state, with a voter turnout of 65.9%.
964:
such as independence or maintaining the current territorial status. The announcement came amid growing disillusionment with Puerto Rico's territorial status due to the lack of access to federal funds for recent natural disasters, such as
895:
to respond diligently and effectively on the demand of the people of Puerto Rico to end its current political status and to begin the transition of Puerto Rico to become a state of the union. This was followed by a hearing at the Senate
1307:
recognized Puerto Rico's self-government on November 27, 1953, with Resolution 748 (VIII). UN Resolution "748 (VIII)" was adopted on November 27, 1953, during its 459th Plenary Meeting. This removed Puerto Rico's classification as a
2792:
991:, a bill to provide for the admission of the State of Puerto Rico into the Union was introduced. These bills, H.R. 1522 and S. 780, were supported by 50 Puerto Rican pro-statehood organizations, who " on the
685:, organized territory of the US through a series of judicial decisions by the Supreme Court of the United States, collectively known as "The Insular Cases" and the enactment of several statutes by Congress.
2526:
2165:
2638:
2548:
644:, and 5.55% chose independence. Opponents of statehood argued that these results did not show that a majority of Puerto Rican voters support statehood. The June 2017 referendum was, according to
4973:
598:, making it "the oldest colony in the modern world". As of 2023, the population of Puerto Rico is 3.2 million, around half the average state population and higher than that of 19 U.S. states.
292:
274:
1844:
5693:
3878:
3873:
1899:
756:
The primary debate over Puerto Rican statehood is about representation. Some proposals seek to give it representation without statehood, giving it its apportioned representatives in the
6185:
927:
party, citing its support for the status quo. Of the voters who "participated", 97.18% chose statehood, 1.50% favored independence and 1.32% chose to maintain the commonwealth status.
717:. This new title of "commonwealth" did not change how Puerto Rico was related to the United States, allowing Congress to continue holding power over it as an unincorporated territory.
256:
734:
1873:
1622:
6058:
1929:
996:
7523:
1819:
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only 23% because statehood opponents boycotted it, arguing that the ballot language was biased towards pro-statehood. Some would later try to attribute the boycott to the
283:
265:
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2015:"The Insular Cases and the Doctrine of the Unincorporated Territory and its Effects on the Civil Rights of the Residents of Puerto Rico | U.S. Commission on Civil Rights"
809:, which included questions on statehood. Puerto Ricans chose not to alter the status quo in referendums until 2012. The 2012 referendum produced a more equivocal result.
5775:
2745:
5780:
2468:
5875:
5215:
5085:
918:
Because there were almost 500,000 blank ballots in the 2012 referendum, creating confusion as to the voters' true desire, Congress ignored the results, but passed a
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247:
104:
2716:
6241:
5808:
5698:
1309:
1273:
7297:
5576:
227:
201:
114:
2642:
975:
The referendum was held on November 3, 2020. There were 655,505 votes in favor of statehood (52.52%) and 592,671 against (47.48%). After the results, the
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149:
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992:
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mandates the House be capped at 435 members, Puerto Rico would end up with Representatives that would otherwise have been apportioned to other states.
183:
2014:
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3793:
3339:
2668:
553:
82:
3169:
3115:
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6207:
6180:
5497:
2900:"51 Organizations Sign Letter Supporting Puerto Rico Statehood Admission Act & Opposing Velázquez/AOC/Menendez/Sanders Puerto Rico Status Bill"
1848:
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in which more than 130 private citizens from different advocacy groups in Puerto Rico started a campaign in which they visited every member of the
2407:
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6515:
4851:
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A bill (H.R. 4901) for Puerto Ricans to vote "yes" or "no" on statehood was introduced on October 29, 2019, by Puerto Rico Resident Commissioner
682:
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904:(H.R. 2000; S. 2020) to hold a yes-or-no referendum among the residents of Puerto Rico on statehood. Both resolutions died in committee.
738:
119:
2493:
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The Political Travesty of Puerto Rico: Like all U.S. territories, Puerto Rico has no real representation in its own national government.
1761:
696:, establishing a civil government in the territory and then in 1917, Puerto Ricans were granted US citizenship, by the enactment of the
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affirmed that he would only support Puerto Rican statehood if the population of the island began to use English as its main language.
713:
after increased pressure locally along with internationally to decolonize the island; this led to the territory being designated as a
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979:, which at the time had a pro-statehood majority, passed the "Puerto Rico Congressional Act" calling a special election to elect two
864:
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603:
478:
129:
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1937:
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1112:
872:
788:
615:
343:
160:
2956:
1809:
863:(1) whether they agreed to continue with Puerto Rico's territorial status and (2) to indicate the political status they preferred
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1333:
806:
418:
375:
238:
2079:
1992:
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1168:
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924:
897:
757:
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353:
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109:
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5043:
4907:
4872:
3883:
3778:
3709:
2741:
2321:
1487:
1435:
Pedro Caban. SUNY-Albany. Latin American, Caribbean, and US Latino Studies Faculty. 2015. p. 516. Accessed 13 September 2021.
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546:
124:
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818:
627:
156:
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59:
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466:
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741:). Puerto Rico residents do not participate in the Presidential elections because Puerto Rico does not have any
633:
Although the previous two referendums (November 2012 and June 2017) also had ostensibly pro-statehood outcomes,
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1722:
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640:
fifty-four percent (54.0%) who voted "No" on maintaining the status quo, 61.11% chose statehood, 33.34% chose
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3773:
1679:
1345:
942:
892:
514:
400:
388:
363:
269:
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1747:
1532:"Let Puerto Rico Decide How to end its Colony Status: True Nationhood Stands on the Pillar of Independence."
7420:
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7346:
7209:
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7004:
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1538:. Republished by The Puerto Rico Herald. July 21, 2002. San Juan, Puerto Rico. Retrieved 13 September 2021.
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1749:
Puerto Ricans Vote to Narrowly Approve Controversial Statehood Referendum & Elect 4 LGBTQ Candidates.
1258:
776:
706:
483:
64:
48:
749:. If Puerto Rico were to become a state, they would gain the ability to vote in Presidential elections.
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6947:
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3417:
2418:
1203:
799:
697:
169:
99:
3400:
900:
on Puerto Rico's status on August 1, 2013, and (in 2014) resolutions introduced in both houses of the
802:
the territory of Puerto Rico was organized and statutory US citizenship was granted to its residents.
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5935:
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4946:
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4148:
3011:
1329:
1092:
136:
2793:"Puerto Rico: Governor Vázquez informs that funds should be sought for the plebiscite for statehood"
1595:
1031:
introduced another act by the same name which, if passed, would also schedule a binding referendum.
794:
in Puerto Rico. This was short lived, since the following year (April 2, 1900) Congress enacted the
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6287:
6282:
6272:
6038:
5994:
5835:
5596:
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5060:
5000:
4592:
4369:
4292:
4229:
4143:
4079:
3852:
3562:
1752:
Amy Goodman and Ana Irma Rivera Lassén. Democracy Now! 6 November 2020. Accessed 13 September 2021.
1357:
1233:
674:
595:
338:
313:
4224:
4197:
2041:"Jones Act - The World of 1898: The Spanish–American War (Hispanic Division, Library of Congress)"
196:
34:
6431:
6167:
5925:
4892:
4675:
4577:
4531:
4440:
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4390:
4153:
2690:
2665:"Make room for 51st star? Spending bill includes $ 2.5 million for vote on Puerto Rico statehood"
1253:
1179:
1096:
1028:
89:
25:
3725:
3081:
3049:
2285:
1373:
1171:
960:
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this was rejected by the U.S. Congress as "unconstitutional" and in violation of the U.S. 1900
1152:
901:
689:
678:
651:, a "flawed election" where the turnout was only 23%, in part because most statehood opponents
619:
599:
278:
2631:
745:, but individual Puerto Ricans do have the right to vote when residing in a U.S. state or the
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6765:
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5437:
5402:
5397:
5340:
5323:
5053:
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4472:
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3100:
1876:(in Spanish). Comisión Estatal de Elecciones de Puerto Rico. November 8, 2012. Archived from
1847:(in Spanish). Comisión Estatal de Elecciones de Puerto Rico. November 8, 2012. Archived from
1469:
U.S. Department of the Interior. Office of Insular Affairs. 2021. Accessed 13 September 2021.
1349:
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884:
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395:
165:
1959:
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260:
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1507:
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1020:
1013:
761:
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705:
Property belonging to the United States...". In 1952, voters in Puerto Rico approved a new
178:
8:
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6890:
6700:
6416:
6101:
5732:
4929:
4670:
4521:
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4322:
1985:"Avalon Project - Treaty of Peace Between the United States and Spain; December 10, 1898"
1684:
Marty Johnson and Rafael Bernal. The Hill. 24 September 2020. Accessed 13 September 2021.
94:
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231:
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2815:"Ley Núm. 51 de 2020 -Ley para la Definición Final del Estatus Político de Puerto Rico"
1814:
1127:
635:
69:
52:
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3504:
2862:
1667:
Can't We Just Sell the World's Oldest Colony and Solve Puerto Rico's Political Status?
1665:
296:
6957:
6113:
5465:
4963:
4882:
4867:
3705:
3188:"Obama Labels Filibuster a 'Jim Crow Relic,' Supports D.C. and Puerto Rico Statehood"
3031:
2317:
2105:
2071:
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1984:
1718:
1698:
1483:
1449:
1044:
368:
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Foreign in a Domestic Sense: Puerto Rico, American Expansion, and the Constitution.
1341:
1163:. They also attempted to persuade the members of Congress to initiate a process to
1140:
1068:
984:
876:
641:
571:
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251:
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6582:
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5328:
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4897:
4170:
3730:
2462:"The Senate and the House of Representative of Puerto Rico Concurrent Resolution"
2255:
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1183:
965:
742:
677:, Puerto Rico was ceded to the United States in 1898, through the signing of the
526:
4327:
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3646:
3589:
3442:
2494:"Statements from U.S. Senate Hearing on Puerto Rico Political Status Plebiscite"
1500:"7 FAM 1120 Acquisition of U.S. Nationality in U.S. Territories and Possessions"
1464:
7052:
6952:
6335:
5470:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5122:
4985:
4919:
4185:
4175:
4131:
3957:
2517:"Opinion: Puerto Rico Statehood Is A Moral, Democratic And Economic Imperative"
1548:
888:
618:. Puerto Rico has held six referendums on the topic. These are non-binding, as
214:
2768:"P.S.1467 - Law for the Final Solution of the Political Status of Puerto Rico"
2359:
2117:
1738:
Nicole Narea. MSN Microsoft News. 5 November 2020. Accessed 13 September 2021.
7507:
6033:
5333:
5142:
4777:
3418:
Romney, Santorum argue over English as requirement for Puerto Rican statehood
3288:"Florida Governor Race: Crist promises to champion statehood for Puerto Rico"
3035:
2344:"Making Puerto Rico the 51st State: Prospects under the Biden Administration"
2309:
1656:
Sam Roberts. The New York Times. 28 October 2020. Accessed 13 September 2021.
1377:
1353:
1132:
1116:
1076:
587:
453:
3096:"Puerto Rico will include status plebiscite in November's general elections"
6340:
6312:
5367:
4340:
4180:
4109:
2193:
1766:
David S. Cohen. RollingStone. 26 September 2017. Accessed 15 December 2020.
1504:
U.S. Department of State Foreign Affairs Manual Volume 7 - Consular Affairs
1365:
1337:
1056:
775:
or territory, this will have an impact on the make-up of the House. As the
222:
6617:
6148:
5485:
5387:
5127:
4990:
4746:
3967:
3925:
3458:
1300:
1084:
1072:
1064:
1048:
828:
795:
730:
693:
623:
579:
218:
7480:
3375:
2929:
1407:
New Haven, CT; London, England : Yale University Press, 1999. p. 4.
1012:
voted in favor of the bill, as did 16 Republicans. The bill died in the
521:
5480:
5286:
5112:
5107:
5025:
3894:
3670:"Congresista Serrano recibirá a los boricuas de "La Toma del Congreso""
2899:
2256:"Puerto Rico's Relationship with the United States? - US History Scene"
1381:
1369:
1361:
1325:
1216:
1080:
583:
3487:
3170:"Biden Calls Statehood "Most Effective" Way to Ensure Equal Treatment"
3116:"Remembering George H.W. Bush, Supporter of Statehood for Puerto Rico"
2106:"The politics of evasion: The missing statehood debate in puerto rico"
6969:
6962:
3557:
3499:
2986:"House reintroduces bill to resolve Puerto Rico's territorial status"
1321:
1060:
1052:
1810:"23% of Puerto Ricans Vote in Referendum, 97% of Them for Statehood"
1421:
The Voluntown Peace Trust. 22 July 2021. Accessed 13 September 2021.
729:
in terms of both population and geographical area, being similar to
630:, with a majority (52.52%) of those who voted opting for statehood.
5152:
5102:
4126:
3577:
3376:"At U.S. Senate Hearing, Bryan Advocates Statehood For Puerto Rico"
3264:
3242:"Stephanie Murphy declares support for Puerto Rico to become state"
2553:
2521:
1623:"Why Puerto Rico has debated U.S. statehood since its colonization"
1088:
3952:
3529:(in Spanish). Proyecto Estrella. November 29, 2012. Archived from
3152:"Joe Biden: "If I were in Puerto Rico I would vote for statehood""
2549:"Sen. Martin Heinrich Presents Bill Seeking Puerto Rico Statehood"
1670:
Luis Martínez-Fernández. 16 July 2020. Accessed 13 September 2021.
3545:
3422:
3260:"Rep. Darren Soto pushes for Puerto Rico statehood with new bill"
2972:...the measure had little chance of being taken up by the Senate.
2225:"Democracy, Not Statehood: The Case for Puerto Rican Congressmen"
652:
1779:
Cambridge Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. 2010. p. 134.
1405:
Puerto Rico : the trials of the oldest colony in the world.
1159:—in which a majority of voters expressed themselves against the
3585:"Publican en Washington que la estadidad ganó en el plebiscito"
2609:"Will Puerto Rico become the newest star on the American flag?"
2104:
Wagner, Kevin M; Gainous, Jason; Velez-Serrano, Mayra (2023).
1653:
Juan Torruella, Groundbreaking U.S. Appeals Judge, Dies at 87.
861:
On November 6, 2012, voters were presented with two questions:
3633:
3010:
Garriga-López, Adriana María; Quiles, Jac (January 2, 2024).
2133:"Smothering a Country: Puerto Rico and the Nationalist Party"
1845:"CEE Event - CONDICIÓN POLÍTICA TERRITORIAL ACTUAL - Resumen"
1715:
Decolonization Models for America's Last Colony: Puerto Rico.
1043:
Support for statehood has been expressed by former President
873:
a sovereign nation in free association with the United States
2639:"U.S. approves funds for referendum on Puerto Rico's status"
2156:"Puerto Rico gov approves referendum in quest for statehood"
3438:"Buscan llamar la atención del Congreso en torno al status"
3206:"Alaska Rep. Don Young advocates for Puerto Rico statehood"
2863:"Puerto Rico to hold statehood referendum amid disillusion"
1506:. U.S. Department of State. January 3, 2013. Archived from
2103:
1787:
1785:
1695:
Puerto Rico: The trials of the oldest colony in the world.
592:
unincorporated territorial possession of the United States
3429:
2137:
Zeitgeist: A Journal of Politics, History, and Philosophy
3874:
Chamber of Marketing, Industry, and Distribution of Food
1777:
Three Ancient Colonies: Caribbean Themes and Variations.
1147:) was an event that started on January 15, 2013, in the
764:
like a state without officially adding it to the union.
3605:
1782:
3662:
2957:"Puerto Rico independence vote bill passes U.S. House"
2573:"Puerto Rico Status Resolution Act (2013 - H.R. 2000)"
2189:"Why Puerto Rican Statehood Matters So Much Right Now"
1590:
Puerto Rico: Commonwealth, Statehood, or Independence?
930:
725:
Puerto Rico is, by a considerable margin, the largest
604:
options for the future political status of Puerto Rico
7445:
2388:
2376:
2250:
2248:
1274:
United Nations list of non-self-governing territories
1135:
speaking in support of Puerto Rican statehood in 2019
7524:
Proposed states and territories of the United States
2840:"2020 Puerto Rico Status Referendum Ballot Released"
2314:
Elections in the Americas: A data handbook, Volume I
1735:
Live results for Puerto Rico's statehood referendum.
1466:
Definitions of Insular Area Political Organizations.
1224:, the last law of admission of a new US state (1959)
3009:
1047:, former Massachusetts Governor (now U.S. Senator)
3760:
3726:S.2020 – Puerto Rico Status Resolution Act of 2014
2286:"The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency"
2245:
2147:
1206:, and Young Republican Federation of Puerto Rico.
1075:, former Florida Governor and U.S. Representative
720:
3519:
1874:"CEE Event - OPCIONES NO TERRITORIALES - Resumen"
767:Whether Puerto Rico is given statehood or simply
7505:
6181:Native American recognition in the United States
4608:Puerto Ricans in the United States Space Program
3358:"Jeb Bush Still Supports Puerto Rican Statehood"
3134:"Romney would support statehood for Puerto Rico"
2717:"H.R.4901 - Puerto Rico Statehood Admission Act"
2428:
1549:"Puerto Rico - The debate over political status"
997:Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources
3561:(in Spanish). November 29, 2012. Archived from
3340:"Rubio Statement on Puerto Rico Statehood Bill"
3503:(in Spanish). January 11, 2013. Archived from
3314:"Rick Scott: Puerto Rico should get statehood"
3224:"Steny Hoyer: Make Puerto Rico the 51st state"
2602:
2600:
2598:
1807:
1038:
6578:Greenhouse gas emissions by the United States
4762:
3910:
3746:
3467:"Boricuas tomarán el Congreso estadounidense"
3401:"Congress Supports Statehood for Puerto Rico"
2934:Clerk, United States House of Representatives
2742:"Puerto Rico Statehood Admission Act of 2019"
2211:Six words: the ability to file for bankruptcy
1079:, former Florida Governor (now U.S. Senator)
547:
3064:"Wicker Reintroduces Puerto Rico Status Act"
2772:Sistema Único de Trámite Legislativo (SUTRA)
1612:Harvard University Press. 2010. pp. 135-136.
1109:2012 Republican Party presidential primaries
243:30th House of Representatives of Puerto Rico
16:Movement to grant Puerto Rico U.S. statehood
3553:"A promover la expresión contra la colonia"
2799:(in Spanish). March 4, 2020. Archived from
2595:
2222:
1155:in order to speak about the results of the
1095:, and American Samoa Delegate to Congress
4776:
4769:
4755:
3917:
3903:
3753:
3739:
3702:Elections in the Americas: A Data Handbook
1418:The Recolonization of Puerto Rico, Part 1.
983:senators and four shadow House-members to
554:
540:
6191:Federally recognized Alaska Native tribes
2954:
2930:"Roll Call 529 | Bill Number: H. R. 8393"
2734:
2514:
2367:
2348:Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences
2069:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1792:Puerto Rico State Commission on Elections
1681:Hopes for DC, Puerto Rico statehood rise.
1244:Proposed political status for Puerto Rico
1002:
7519:Political advocacy groups in Puerto Rico
3924:
3611:
2341:
1126:
789:Puerto Rico political status plebiscites
161:17th Legislative Assembly of Puerto Rico
6242:List of counties and county equivalents
3639:
3435:
2983:
2697:from the original on September 29, 2017
1868:
1866:
1839:
1837:
1822:from the original on September 29, 2017
1167:. The campaign was supported by former
1161:current political status of Puerto Rico
1122:
7506:
3699:
3612:Rosselló, Ricardo (January 14, 2013).
3464:
2955:Warburton, Moira (December 16, 2022).
2619:from the original on February 25, 2017
2400:
2394:
2382:
2201:from the original on February 22, 2017
2187:White, Gillian B. (November 9, 2017).
2130:
2051:from the original on November 25, 2011
1796:
898:Energy and Natural Resources Committee
424:United States House of Representatives
7498:Puerto Rico/Did you know-Puerto Rico?
4750:
4613:Puerto Rican scientists and inventors
3898:
3734:
3614:"Time to settle Puerto Rico's status"
3465:Rivera, Ivelisse (January 10, 2013).
2748:from the original on November 1, 2019
2186:
2099:
2097:
1279:Index of Puerto Rico-related articles
1188:Alianza Pro Libre Asociación Soberana
1165:change Puerto Rico's political status
2860:
2671:from the original on January 1, 2017
2606:
2233:(Comes from a law forum discussion.)
2153:
1863:
1834:
1176:Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico
993:House Committee on Natural Resources
626:. The most recent referendum was in
429:Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico
2910:from the original on March 18, 2021
2583:from the original on April 19, 2014
2529:from the original on April 19, 2014
2515:Seilhamer, Larry (April 15, 2014).
2474:from the original on March 20, 2013
1269:Special Committee on Decolonization
1157:2012 Puerto Rican status referendum
955:2020 Puerto Rican status referendum
937:Puerto Rico Statehood Admission Act
931:Puerto Rico Statehood Admission Act
914:2017 Puerto Rican status referendum
881:Legislative Assembly of Puerto Rico
857:2012 Puerto Rican status referendum
842:1998 Puerto Rican status referendum
819:1967 Puerto Rican status referendum
576:movimiento estadista de Puerto Rico
13:
4008:Tibes Indigenous Ceremonial Center
3693:
3640:Delgado, José (January 13, 2013).
3436:Delgado, José (January 15, 2013).
3344:Marco Rubio US Senator for Florida
2984:Acevedo, Nicole (April 20, 2023).
2842:. Puerto Rico Report. June 2, 2020
2691:"PDP to boycott status referendum"
2641:. January 16, 2014. Archived from
2438:. November 7, 2012. Archived from
2342:Chernykh, M. A. (March 29, 2023).
2303:
2223:Coleman Tió, José (May 19, 2007).
2094:
2082:from the original on June 14, 2016
1697:Yale University Press. 1997. p.3.
987:to advocate for statehood. In the
948:
907:
850:
835:
812:
616:becoming a freely associated state
14:
7540:
7514:Statehood movement in Puerto Rico
5587:Director of National Intelligence
3719:
3082:"Puerto Rico Status Act (S.3231)"
3050:"Puerto Rico Status Act (S.2944)"
2408:"Papeleta Modelo Plebiscito 2012"
2266:from the original on June 6, 2016
2154:Coto, Danica (February 3, 2017).
2131:Rangel, Franklin (May 15, 2023).
2076:LII / Legal Information Institute
1995:from the original on May 23, 2015
1717:Syracuse University Press. 2012.
1592:Constitutional Rights Foundation"
1228:Puerto Rico Democracy Act of 2007
733:with respect to population size (
659:and the 2016 gubernatorial race.
7491:
7479:
7467:
7455:
5743:Government Accountability Office
3495:"Boricuas 'tomarán' el Congreso"
1808:Frances Robles (June 11, 2017).
1239:Territories of the United States
735:~3.3 million to CT's 3.6 million
520:
33:
3998:1950s Nationalist Party revolts
3642:"Antes de La Toma del Congreso"
3411:
3393:
3368:
3350:
3332:
3306:
3280:
3252:
3234:
3216:
3198:
3180:
3162:
3144:
3126:
3108:
3088:
3074:
3056:
3042:
3003:
2977:
2948:
2922:
2892:
2877:
2854:
2832:
2807:
2785:
2760:
2709:
2683:
2565:
2541:
2508:
2454:
2335:
2326:
2278:
2216:
2180:
2124:
2070:LII Staff (November 12, 2009).
2063:
2033:
2007:
1977:
1952:
1922:
1892:
1769:
1755:
1741:
1727:
1707:
1687:
1673:
1659:
1645:
1629:. July 24, 2020. Archived from
1615:
1602:
1580:
1566:
1315:
1305:United Nations General Assembly
1292:
1264:Political status of Puerto Rico
1091:, U.S. Virgin Islands Governor
739:13,791 square km to CT's 14,357
721:Potential benefits of statehood
669:Political status of Puerto Rico
594:acquired in 1898 following the
359:Puerto Rican Independence Party
7386:Separation of church and state
5602:National Reconnaissance Office
5545:President of the United States
3827:Statehood Students Association
3761:Advocacy groups in Puerto Rico
3678:(in Spanish). January 14, 2013
3593:(in Spanish). January 15, 2013
3527:"Unión por la descolonización"
2607:Wyss, Jim (January 26, 2017).
2197:. The Atlantic Monthly Group.
1541:
1525:
1492:
1482:Penguin Press. 2001. pp.60–63.
1472:
1458:
1438:
1424:
1410:
1397:
999:to approve that legislation."
608:maintaining its current status
568:Puerto Rico statehood movement
1:
3028:10.1080/10714839.2024.2323395
2904:Puerto Rico Statehood Council
2861:Coto, Dánica (May 16, 2020).
1448:Duke University Press. 2001.
1391:
1115:of that year, former senator
1102:
893:Congress of the United States
662:
515:Politics of the United States
401:Municipalities of Puerto Rico
115:Government-owned corporations
5748:Government Publishing Office
5216:Technological and industrial
3016:NACLA Report on the Americas
1577:Retrieved 13 September 2021.
1310:non-self-governing territory
1249:Voting rights in Puerto Rico
1200:Renacer Ideológico Estadista
805:Since 1967, there have been
620:the power to grant statehood
602:is one of several competing
7:
7220:Women's reproductive health
6186:Federally recognized tribes
6049:Public utilities commission
5953:Public Health Service Corps
5856:Code of Federal Regulations
5738:Congressional Budget Office
5592:Central Intelligence Agency
5498:Water supply and sanitation
4925:Declaration of Independence
4362:Puerto Rican crested anole
3837:Workers' Socialist Movement
3784:Constitution of Puerto Rico
1432:Colonialism in Puerto Rico.
1259:Sovereigntism (Puerto Rico)
1209:
1186:. Groups involved included
1039:Support outside Puerto Rico
989:US House of Representatives
777:Reapportionment Act of 1929
10:
7545:
6398:Red states and blue states
6303:City commission government
6298:Council–manager government
1536:The Allentown Morning Call
1204:Young Democrats of America
1202:(RIE), Proyecto Estrella,
1087:, former Florida Governor
959:On May 16, 2020, Governor
952:
934:
911:
854:
839:
816:
786:
782:
666:
612:becoming fully independent
364:Citizen's Victory Movement
170:26th Senate of Puerto Rico
110:Fiscal agent and financing
60:United States Constitution
7407:
7233:
7106:
7038:
6691:
6687:
6678:
6626:
6491:
6482:
6378:
6349:
6326:
6265:
6232:
6223:
6166:
6154:Comparison of governments
6129:
6092:
6069:
5985:
5965:
5896:
5834:
5756:
5679:
5537:
5528:
5524:
5515:
5237:
5228:
5173:
5133:Post-Cold War (1991–2008)
4974:drafting and ratification
4947:Articles of Confederation
4860:
4794:
4785:
4708:
4626:
4573:
4564:
4499:
4490:
4398:
4389:
4313:
4278:
4269:
4256:
4249:
4149:El Yunque National Forest
4087:
4078:
4026:
3945:
3936:
3884:Manufacturers Association
3861:
3845:
3817:Proposed political status
3792:
3766:
2360:10.1134/S1019331622210067
2354:(Suppl 15): S1495–S1501.
2118:10.1177/13540688231215653
771:members of Congress as a
737:) and geographical area (
479:Proposed political status
188:Larry Seilhamer Rodríguez
7173:Prescription drug prices
6293:Mayor–council government
6283:Coterminous municipality
6273:Consolidated city-county
6039:Agriculture commissioner
5689:House of Representatives
5597:National Security Agency
5247:Contiguous United States
4646:Buildings and structures
3853:Center for a New Economy
1285:
1234:Puerto Rican citizenship
1230:(H.R. 900 & S. 1936)
1139:The Taking of Congress (
943:Jenniffer González Colón
865:from three possibilities
681:. Puerto Rico became an
376:Political party strength
354:Popular Democratic Party
270:Gabriel Rodríguez Aguiló
239:House of Representatives
65:Puerto Rico Constitution
7529:Public policy proposals
7258:Criticism of government
6603:Social welfare programs
6196:State-recognized tribes
5181:Outline of U.S. history
4893:Continental Association
4154:Toro Negro State Forest
3779:Civil Rights Commission
2436:"Resultados Plebiscito"
1713:Angel Collado-Schwarz.
1610:Three Ancient Colonies.
1553:Encyclopedia Britannica
1254:Politics of Puerto Rico
1097:Amata Coleman Radewagen
1029:Senator Martin Heinrich
977:Puerto Rico Legislature
753:currently prohibited.
657:2020 gubernatorial race
206:Ángel Chayanne Martínez
175:President of the Senate
26:Politics of Puerto Rico
7320:Environmental movement
7163:Health insurance costs
7058:Educational attainment
6583:Federal Reserve System
6541:Science and technology
6044:Insurance commissioner
5582:Intelligence Community
5277:minor outlying islands
5040:Civil rights movement
2865:. The Associated Press
1574:Resolution 748 (VIII).
1444:C.D. Burnett, et al.,
1196:Igualdad Futuro Seguro
1153:United States Congress
1144:
1136:
1071:, U.S. Representative
1067:, U.S. Representative
1059:, U.S. Representative
1003:Puerto Rico Status Act
902:United States Congress
575:
419:Federal representation
125:Office of the Governor
7146:Immigrant health care
6661:Transportation safety
6656:Transportation policy
6646:Public transportation
5716:President pro tempore
5572:Executive departments
5341:National Park Service
4996:Territorial evolution
4522:Operation "Bootstrap"
4473:Shadow representation
4468:Resident Commissioner
4426:Independence movement
4370:Unexpected snake eel
3983:Migration to New York
3978:Immigration to Hawaii
3812:Independence movement
3176:. September 16, 2020.
3101:Associated Press News
3070:. September 28, 2023.
3068:www.wicker-senate.gov
2561:on February 22, 2014.
1350:Jaime Herrera Beutler
1149:United States Capitol
1130:
1113:presidential election
885:concurrent resolution
709:proposed by Governor
667:Further information:
396:Mayors in Puerto Rico
349:New Progressive Party
197:Carmelo Ríos Santiago
184:President pro tempore
105:Executive departments
7315:Environmental issues
6980:Political ideologies
6879:Indigenous languages
6079:List of legislatures
5876:separation of powers
5577:Independent agencies
5503:World Heritage Sites
5138:September 11 attacks
5061:Spanish–American War
5001:Mexican–American War
4957:Confederation period
4888:Continental Congress
4436:Legislative Assembly
4354:Puerto Rican amazon
3210:Anchorage Daily News
2744:. October 30, 2019.
2667:. January 22, 2014.
2442:on November 10, 2012
2230:The Yale Law Journal
2164:. DC. Archived from
1633:on February 24, 2021
1534:Rosalinda de Jesus.
1513:on December 22, 2015
1374:María Elvira Salazar
1222:Hawaii Admission Act
1172:José Enrique Serrano
1123:Statehood supporters
1063:U.S. Representative
1021:Senator Roger Wicker
961:Wanda Vázquez Garced
825:status of the island
823:A referendum on the
747:District of Columbia
700:. The Office of the
675:Spanish–American War
596:Spanish–American War
590:. Puerto Rico is an
179:Thomas Rivera Schatz
7158:Health care finance
6651:Rail transportation
6417:Imperial presidency
6139:State constitutions
6084:List of legislators
6034:Auditor/Comptroller
6007:Lieutenant governor
5733:Library of Congress
5624:Diplomatic Security
5267:Indian reservations
4930:American Revolution
4323:Elfin woods warbler
3869:Chamber of Commerce
3832:Status quo movement
3565:on December 3, 2012
3507:on January 14, 2013
3228:Washington Examiner
3122:. December 1, 2018.
2936:. December 15, 2022
2645:on January 20, 2014
2168:on February 4, 2017
2021:. February 12, 2024
1989:avalon.law.yale.edu
1880:on November 9, 2012
1851:on November 9, 2012
1169:U.S. representative
1055:, former President
1019:In September 2023,
807:several referendums
527:Politics portal
257:Speaker pro tempore
7268:affirmative action
7241:Capital punishment
7200:Poverty and health
7195:Physician shortage
7168:Health care prices
7098:Standard of living
6781:standard of living
6588:Financial position
6215:Hawaiian home land
6203:Indian reservation
6176:Tribal sovereignty
6019:Secretary of state
5888:United States Code
5804:Territorial courts
5776:Associate Justices
5661:Inspector generals
5148:War in Afghanistan
5011:Reconstruction era
4878:Stamp Act Congress
4537:Telecommunications
4461:Statehood movement
4336:Mona ground iguana
4215:Puerto Rico Trench
4186:Isleta de San Juan
3973:Jones–Shafroth Act
3963:Intentona de Yauco
3862:Trade associations
3822:Statehood movement
3700:Nohlen, D (2005).
3174:PUERTO RICO REPORT
3120:PUERTO RICO REPORT
2906:. March 18, 2021.
2693:. April 20, 2017.
1815:The New York Times
1693:José Trías Monge.
1403:José Trías Monge.
1137:
1027:In December 2023,
800:Jones-Shafroth Act
698:Jones-Shafroth Act
636:The New York Times
434:Jenniffer González
261:José Torres Zamora
130:Transition process
120:Line of succession
7443:
7442:
7403:
7402:
7399:
7398:
7369:National security
7078:Income inequality
6958:Statue of Liberty
6761:income inequality
6674:
6673:
6666:Trucking industry
6478:
6477:
6474:
6473:
6405:Foreign relations
6393:Electoral College
6374:
6373:
6162:
6161:
6114:District attorney
5961:
5960:
5788:Courts of appeals
5511:
5510:
5224:
5223:
5165:COVID-19 pandemic
5118:Feminist Movement
4964:American frontier
4883:Thirteen Colonies
4744:
4743:
4704:
4703:
4560:
4559:
4486:
4485:
4451:Political parties
4385:
4384:
4381:
4380:
4346:Opalescent grunt
4245:
4244:
4225:Grande de Arecibo
4074:
4073:
3892:
3891:
3711:978-0-19-928357-6
3533:on April 15, 2013
3364:. April 28, 2015.
3294:. August 10, 2021
2803:on March 5, 2020.
2322:978-0-19-928357-6
2262:. July 17, 2015.
1940:on August 4, 2013
1910:on August 4, 2013
1775:Sidney W. Mintz.
1608:Sidney W. Mintz.
1598:on June 10, 2009.
1488:978-0-14-311928-9
1480:Harvest of Empire
1334:Brian Fitzpatrick
1145:Toma del Congreso
1045:George H. W. Bush
970:COVID-19 pandemic
564:
563:
413:Federal relations
344:Political Parties
279:Urayoán Hernández
7536:
7496:
7495:
7494:
7484:
7483:
7472:
7471:
7470:
7460:
7459:
7458:
7451:
7423:
7416:
7303:African American
7185:Health insurance
7073:Household income
6943:National symbols
6874:American English
6847:Federal holidays
6756:household income
6689:
6688:
6685:
6684:
6489:
6488:
6427:Anti-Americanism
6351:Special district
6278:Independent city
6247:County executive
6230:
6229:
6024:Attorney general
5983:
5982:
5972:Federal District
5555:Executive Office
5535:
5534:
5526:
5525:
5522:
5521:
5282:populated places
5262:federal enclaves
5257:federal district
5235:
5234:
5098:American Century
5081:Great Depression
5076:Roaring Twenties
5036:Women's suffrage
4915:Halifax Resolves
4908:Founding Fathers
4903:military history
4868:Pre-colonial era
4792:
4791:
4771:
4764:
4757:
4748:
4747:
4724:
4717:
4571:
4570:
4512:
4497:
4496:
4456:Political status
4406:
4396:
4395:
4373:
4365:
4357:
4349:
4331:
4276:
4275:
4254:
4253:
4085:
4084:
4013:Military history
3943:
3942:
3919:
3912:
3905:
3896:
3895:
3755:
3748:
3741:
3732:
3731:
3715:
3688:
3687:
3685:
3683:
3666:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3655:
3637:
3631:
3630:
3628:
3626:
3609:
3603:
3602:
3600:
3598:
3581:
3575:
3574:
3572:
3570:
3549:
3543:
3542:
3540:
3538:
3523:
3517:
3516:
3514:
3512:
3491:
3485:
3484:
3482:
3480:
3462:
3456:
3455:
3453:
3451:
3433:
3427:
3426:, March 16, 2012
3415:
3409:
3408:
3407:. March 2, 2022.
3397:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3386:
3372:
3366:
3365:
3354:
3348:
3347:
3346:. June 27, 2018.
3336:
3330:
3329:
3327:
3325:
3310:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3299:
3284:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3273:
3268:. March 28, 2019
3256:
3250:
3249:
3248:. March 2, 2017.
3246:Florida Politics
3238:
3232:
3231:
3230:. June 12, 2017.
3220:
3214:
3213:
3202:
3196:
3195:
3194:. July 30, 2020.
3184:
3178:
3177:
3166:
3160:
3159:
3158:. March 2, 2022.
3148:
3142:
3141:
3130:
3124:
3123:
3112:
3106:
3105:
3092:
3086:
3085:
3078:
3072:
3071:
3060:
3054:
3053:
3046:
3040:
3039:
3007:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2996:
2981:
2975:
2974:
2969:
2967:
2952:
2946:
2945:
2943:
2941:
2926:
2920:
2919:
2917:
2915:
2896:
2890:
2881:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2870:
2858:
2852:
2851:
2849:
2847:
2836:
2830:
2829:
2827:
2825:
2819:www.lexjuris.com
2811:
2805:
2804:
2789:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2778:
2764:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2753:
2738:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2727:
2713:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2702:
2687:
2681:
2680:
2678:
2676:
2661:
2655:
2654:
2652:
2650:
2635:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2624:
2615:. Miami Herald.
2604:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2569:
2563:
2562:
2557:. Archived from
2545:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2534:
2512:
2506:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2496:. August 5, 2013
2490:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2473:
2466:
2458:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2447:
2432:
2426:
2425:
2424:on May 22, 2014.
2423:
2417:. Archived from
2412:
2404:
2398:
2392:
2386:
2380:
2374:
2373:
2371:
2339:
2333:
2330:
2324:
2307:
2301:
2300:
2298:
2296:
2282:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2260:US History Scene
2252:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2220:
2214:
2213:
2208:
2206:
2184:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2151:
2145:
2144:
2128:
2122:
2121:
2101:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2058:
2056:
2037:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2011:
2005:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1956:
1950:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1936:. Archived from
1926:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1906:. Archived from
1896:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1870:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1841:
1832:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1805:
1794:
1789:
1780:
1773:
1767:
1759:
1753:
1745:
1739:
1731:
1725:
1711:
1705:
1691:
1685:
1677:
1671:
1663:
1657:
1649:
1643:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1619:
1613:
1606:
1600:
1599:
1594:. Archived from
1584:
1578:
1570:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1545:
1539:
1529:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1512:
1496:
1490:
1476:
1470:
1462:
1456:
1442:
1436:
1428:
1422:
1414:
1408:
1401:
1385:
1346:Anthony Gonzalez
1342:Andrew Garbarino
1319:
1313:
1296:
1192:Boricua Ahora Es
1069:Stephanie Murphy
877:free association
711:Luis Muñoz Marin
642:free association
556:
549:
542:
525:
524:
467:Political status
288:Tatito Hernández
232:José Luis Dalmau
37:
21:
20:
7544:
7543:
7539:
7538:
7537:
7535:
7534:
7533:
7504:
7503:
7502:
7492:
7490:
7478:
7468:
7466:
7456:
7454:
7446:
7444:
7439:
7426:
7419:
7412:
7395:
7381:Opioid epidemic
7298:Native American
7278:intersex rights
7229:
7225:Life expectancy
7215:Medical deserts
7205:Race and health
7102:
7088:Personal income
7034:
6938:National anthem
6771:personal income
6736:Economic issues
6670:
6622:
6470:
6370:
6359:School district
6345:
6328:Minor divisions
6322:
6261:
6219:
6158:
6144:Statutory codes
6125:
6088:
6065:
5975:
5970:
5957:
5892:
5849:civil liberties
5830:
5821:Other tribunals
5800:District courts
5752:
5711:current members
5694:current members
5675:
5609:Law enforcement
5507:
5220:
5169:
5160:Great Recession
5031:Progressive Era
5021:Native genocide
4952:Perpetual Union
4940:Treaty of Paris
4898:United Colonies
4856:
4781:
4775:
4745:
4740:
4727:
4720:
4713:
4700:
4691:Public holidays
4622:
4556:
4510:
4482:
4404:
4377:
4371:
4363:
4355:
4347:
4329:
4309:
4265:
4241:
4230:Grande de Loiza
4166:Caja de Muertos
4070:
4022:
4018:Women's history
3932:
3923:
3893:
3888:
3857:
3841:
3788:
3767:Civil liberties
3762:
3759:
3722:
3712:
3696:
3694:Further reading
3691:
3681:
3679:
3668:
3667:
3663:
3653:
3651:
3638:
3634:
3624:
3622:
3610:
3606:
3596:
3594:
3583:
3582:
3578:
3568:
3566:
3551:
3550:
3546:
3536:
3534:
3525:
3524:
3520:
3510:
3508:
3493:
3492:
3488:
3478:
3476:
3463:
3459:
3449:
3447:
3434:
3430:
3416:
3412:
3399:
3398:
3394:
3384:
3382:
3374:
3373:
3369:
3356:
3355:
3351:
3338:
3337:
3333:
3323:
3321:
3312:
3311:
3307:
3297:
3295:
3286:
3285:
3281:
3271:
3269:
3258:
3257:
3253:
3240:
3239:
3235:
3222:
3221:
3217:
3204:
3203:
3199:
3192:National Review
3186:
3185:
3181:
3168:
3167:
3163:
3150:
3149:
3145:
3140:. May 17, 2012.
3132:
3131:
3127:
3114:
3113:
3109:
3094:
3093:
3089:
3080:
3079:
3075:
3062:
3061:
3057:
3048:
3047:
3043:
3008:
3004:
2994:
2992:
2990:www.nbcnews.com
2982:
2978:
2965:
2963:
2953:
2949:
2939:
2937:
2928:
2927:
2923:
2913:
2911:
2898:
2897:
2893:
2882:
2878:
2868:
2866:
2859:
2855:
2845:
2843:
2838:
2837:
2833:
2823:
2821:
2813:
2812:
2808:
2791:
2790:
2786:
2776:
2774:
2766:
2765:
2761:
2751:
2749:
2740:
2739:
2735:
2725:
2723:
2715:
2714:
2710:
2700:
2698:
2689:
2688:
2684:
2674:
2672:
2663:
2662:
2658:
2648:
2646:
2637:
2636:
2632:
2622:
2620:
2605:
2596:
2586:
2584:
2571:
2570:
2566:
2547:
2546:
2542:
2532:
2530:
2513:
2509:
2499:
2497:
2492:
2491:
2487:
2477:
2475:
2471:
2464:
2460:
2459:
2455:
2445:
2443:
2434:
2433:
2429:
2421:
2410:
2406:
2405:
2401:
2393:
2389:
2381:
2377:
2340:
2336:
2331:
2327:
2308:
2304:
2294:
2292:
2284:
2283:
2279:
2269:
2267:
2254:
2253:
2246:
2236:
2234:
2221:
2217:
2204:
2202:
2185:
2181:
2171:
2169:
2161:Washington Post
2152:
2148:
2129:
2125:
2102:
2095:
2085:
2083:
2068:
2064:
2054:
2052:
2039:
2038:
2034:
2024:
2022:
2013:
2012:
2008:
1998:
1996:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1968:
1966:
1958:
1957:
1953:
1943:
1941:
1928:
1927:
1923:
1913:
1911:
1898:
1897:
1893:
1883:
1881:
1872:
1871:
1864:
1854:
1852:
1843:
1842:
1835:
1825:
1823:
1806:
1797:
1790:
1783:
1774:
1770:
1760:
1756:
1746:
1742:
1732:
1728:
1712:
1708:
1692:
1688:
1678:
1674:
1664:
1660:
1650:
1646:
1636:
1634:
1621:
1620:
1616:
1607:
1603:
1586:
1585:
1581:
1571:
1567:
1557:
1555:
1547:
1546:
1542:
1530:
1526:
1516:
1514:
1510:
1498:
1497:
1493:
1478:Juan Gonzalez.
1477:
1473:
1463:
1459:
1443:
1439:
1429:
1425:
1415:
1411:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1389:
1388:
1320:
1316:
1297:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1212:
1184:Pedro Pierluisi
1125:
1105:
1083:, U.S. Senator
1041:
1024:United States.
1005:
985:Washington D.C.
966:Hurricane Maria
957:
951:
949:2020 referendum
939:
933:
916:
910:
908:2017 referendum
887:requesting the
862:
859:
853:
851:2012 referendum
844:
838:
836:1998 referendum
821:
815:
813:1967 referendum
791:
785:
743:electoral votes
723:
679:Treaty of Paris
671:
665:
578:) aims to make
560:
531:
519:
506:
505:
469:
459:
458:
414:
406:
405:
391:
381:
380:
369:Proyect Dignity
334:
326:
325:
316:
306:
305:
297:Ramón Luis Cruz
284:Minority Leader
266:Majority Leader
211:Minority Leader
193:Majority Leader
152:
142:
141:
85:
75:
74:
70:Puerto Rico law
55:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7542:
7532:
7531:
7526:
7521:
7516:
7501:
7500:
7488:
7476:
7464:
7441:
7440:
7438:
7437:
7432:
7425:
7424:
7417:
7409:
7408:
7405:
7404:
7401:
7400:
7397:
7396:
7394:
7393:
7388:
7383:
7378:
7377:
7376:
7366:
7365:
7364:
7354:
7349:
7344:
7339:
7337:Mass shootings
7334:
7329:
7328:
7327:
7325:Climate change
7322:
7312:
7307:
7306:
7305:
7300:
7295:
7290:
7285:
7280:
7275:
7270:
7263:Discrimination
7260:
7255:
7254:
7253:
7243:
7237:
7235:
7231:
7230:
7228:
7227:
7222:
7217:
7212:
7207:
7202:
7197:
7192:
7187:
7182:
7177:
7176:
7175:
7170:
7165:
7155:
7154:
7153:
7148:
7143:
7138:
7133:
7128:
7118:
7112:
7110:
7104:
7103:
7101:
7100:
7095:
7090:
7085:
7080:
7075:
7070:
7065:
7060:
7055:
7053:American Dream
7050:
7044:
7042:
7036:
7035:
7033:
7032:
7027:
7022:
7020:Transportation
7017:
7012:
7007:
7002:
6997:
6992:
6987:
6982:
6977:
6972:
6967:
6966:
6965:
6960:
6955:
6953:Mount Rushmore
6950:
6940:
6935:
6930:
6925:
6924:
6923:
6918:
6913:
6908:
6903:
6893:
6888:
6887:
6886:
6881:
6876:
6866:
6861:
6856:
6851:
6850:
6849:
6839:
6834:
6833:
6832:
6822:
6817:
6812:
6811:
6810:
6805:
6795:
6794:
6793:
6788:
6783:
6778:
6773:
6768:
6763:
6758:
6753:
6748:
6743:
6733:
6728:
6723:
6718:
6713:
6708:
6703:
6697:
6695:
6682:
6676:
6675:
6672:
6671:
6669:
6668:
6663:
6658:
6653:
6648:
6643:
6638:
6632:
6630:
6624:
6623:
6621:
6620:
6615:
6610:
6605:
6600:
6595:
6590:
6585:
6580:
6575:
6573:Federal budget
6570:
6565:
6560:
6559:
6558:
6553:
6548:
6543:
6538:
6533:
6528:
6523:
6518:
6513:
6511:Communications
6508:
6503:
6492:
6486:
6480:
6479:
6476:
6475:
6472:
6471:
6469:
6468:
6463:
6462:
6461:
6456:
6451:
6441:
6440:
6439:
6434:
6432:exceptionalism
6429:
6419:
6414:
6413:
6412:
6410:foreign policy
6402:
6401:
6400:
6395:
6385:
6379:
6376:
6375:
6372:
6371:
6369:
6368:
6367:
6366:
6355:
6353:
6347:
6346:
6344:
6343:
6338:
6332:
6330:
6324:
6323:
6321:
6320:
6315:
6310:
6305:
6300:
6295:
6290:
6285:
6280:
6275:
6269:
6267:
6263:
6262:
6260:
6259:
6254:
6249:
6244:
6238:
6236:
6227:
6221:
6220:
6218:
6217:
6212:
6211:
6210:
6200:
6199:
6198:
6193:
6188:
6178:
6172:
6170:
6164:
6163:
6160:
6159:
6157:
6156:
6151:
6146:
6141:
6135:
6133:
6127:
6126:
6124:
6123:
6122:
6121:
6111:
6110:
6109:
6107:Chief justices
6102:Supreme courts
6098:
6096:
6090:
6089:
6087:
6086:
6081:
6075:
6073:
6067:
6066:
6064:
6063:
6062:
6061:
6051:
6046:
6041:
6036:
6031:
6026:
6021:
6016:
6015:
6014:
6004:
6003:
6002:
5991:
5989:
5980:
5963:
5962:
5959:
5958:
5956:
5955:
5950:
5945:
5944:
5943:
5941:National Guard
5938:
5933:
5928:
5923:
5918:
5913:
5902:
5900:
5894:
5893:
5891:
5890:
5885:
5884:
5883:
5878:
5873:
5868:
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2019:www.usccr.gov
2016:
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1129:
1120:
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1117:Rick Santorum
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867:: statehood,
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690:U.S. Congress
688:In 1900, the
686:
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631:
629:
628:November 2020
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484:Sovereigntism
482:
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475:
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468:
463:
462:
455:
454:Insular Cases
452:
443:
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321:Supreme Court
319:
318:
315:
310:
309:
298:
294:
293:Minority Whip
291:
289:
285:
282:
280:
276:
275:Majority Whip
273:
271:
267:
264:
262:
258:
255:
253:
252:Johnny Méndez
249:
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245:
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240:
237:
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228:Minority Whip
226:
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202:Majority Whip
200:
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32:
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7352:Human rights
7332:Gun politics
7283:Islamophobia
7273:antisemitism
7141:Hospice care
7083:Middle class
7063:Homelessness
7040:Social class
7000:Social class
6864:Human rights
6854:Homelessness
6766:middle class
6731:Demographics
6706:Architecture
6613:Unemployment
6593:Labor unions
6341:Town meeting
6318:City council
6313:City manager
6054:State police
5916:Marine Corps
5906:Armed Forces
5881:civil rights
5861:Constitution
5433:Southwestern
5428:Southeastern
5418:Northwestern
5413:Northeastern
5378:Mid-Atlantic
5368:Great Plains
5086:World War II
4969:Constitution
4873:Colonial era
4852:2008–present
4636:Architecture
4588:Demographics
4460:
4411:Constitution
4405:(government)
4341:Monito gecko
4181:Isla de Mona
4110:San Juan Bay
4105:Mayagüez Bay
3993:World War II
3953:Pre-Columbus
3701:
3680:. Retrieved
3675:El Nuevo Día
3673:
3664:
3652:. Retrieved
3650:(in Spanish)
3647:El Nuevo Día
3645:
3635:
3623:. Retrieved
3617:
3607:
3595:. Retrieved
3590:El Nuevo Día
3588:
3579:
3567:. Retrieved
3563:the original
3556:
3547:
3535:. Retrieved
3531:the original
3521:
3509:. Retrieved
3505:the original
3498:
3489:
3477:. Retrieved
3475:(in Spanish)
3472:Primera Hora
3470:
3460:
3448:. Retrieved
3446:(in Spanish)
3443:El Nuevo Día
3441:
3431:
3421:
3413:
3404:
3395:
3385:February 27,
3383:. Retrieved
3379:
3370:
3361:
3352:
3343:
3334:
3322:. Retrieved
3317:
3308:
3296:. Retrieved
3291:
3282:
3270:. Retrieved
3263:
3254:
3245:
3236:
3227:
3218:
3209:
3200:
3191:
3182:
3173:
3164:
3155:
3146:
3137:
3128:
3119:
3110:
3104:. July 2024.
3099:
3090:
3076:
3067:
3058:
3044:
3022:(1): 12–19.
3019:
3015:
3005:
2993:. Retrieved
2989:
2979:
2971:
2966:December 18,
2964:. Retrieved
2960:
2950:
2940:December 18,
2938:. Retrieved
2933:
2924:
2912:. Retrieved
2903:
2894:
2888:Congress.gov
2879:
2867:. Retrieved
2856:
2844:. Retrieved
2834:
2824:February 24,
2822:. Retrieved
2818:
2809:
2801:the original
2796:
2787:
2775:. Retrieved
2771:
2762:
2750:. Retrieved
2736:
2724:. Retrieved
2721:Congress.gov
2720:
2711:
2699:. Retrieved
2685:
2673:. Retrieved
2659:
2647:. Retrieved
2643:the original
2633:
2623:February 24,
2621:. Retrieved
2613:Miami Herald
2612:
2585:. Retrieved
2576:
2567:
2559:the original
2552:
2543:
2531:. Retrieved
2520:
2510:
2498:. Retrieved
2488:
2478:December 15,
2476:. Retrieved
2456:
2444:. Retrieved
2440:the original
2430:
2419:the original
2414:
2402:
2390:
2378:
2351:
2347:
2337:
2332:Nohlen, p555
2328:
2313:
2305:
2293:. Retrieved
2289:
2280:
2268:. Retrieved
2259:
2235:. Retrieved
2228:
2218:
2210:
2205:February 21,
2203:. Retrieved
2194:The Atlantic
2192:
2182:
2172:February 17,
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2072:"Article IV"
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1330:Rodney Davis
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1106:
1093:Albert Bryan
1057:Barack Obama
1051:, President
1042:
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715:commonwealth
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692:enacted the
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489:Independence
223:Vargas Vidot
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18:
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7357:Immigration
7288:LGBT rights
7190:Food safety
7025:Video games
6618:Wall Street
6598:Public debt
6501:Agriculture
6437:nationalism
6149:Uniform act
6071:Legislative
5978:Territorial
5936:Coast Guard
5931:Space Force
5681:Legislative
5476:Red (South)
5466:Mississippi
5388:New England
5324:Appalachian
5294:Earthquakes
5191:Discoveries
5186:Demographic
5128:Vietnam War
5071:World War I
5066:Imperialism
5016:Indian Wars
4991:War of 1812
4603:LGBT rights
4527:Real estate
4504:Agriculture
4416:Debt crisis
4144:Dry forests
4028:Immigration
4003:Vietnam War
3988:World War I
3968:Foraker Act
3926:Puerto Rico
3846:Think tanks
3682:January 15,
3654:January 15,
3625:January 15,
3597:January 15,
3569:January 15,
3537:January 15,
3511:January 15,
3479:January 15,
3450:January 15,
2752:November 6,
2701:November 5,
2675:January 22,
2649:January 19,
2577:GovTrack.us
2446:November 7,
2395:Nohlen 2005
2383:Nohlen 2005
2295:October 13,
2290:www.cia.gov
2237:October 27,
2045:www.loc.gov
1930:"CEE Event"
1900:"CEE Event"
1884:November 8,
1855:November 8,
1358:David Joyce
1301:Foraker Act
1174:and former
1107:During the
1085:Marco Rubio
1073:Darren Soto
1065:Steny Hoyer
1049:Mitt Romney
920:budget bill
829:Puerto Rico
796:Foraker Act
769:apportioned
731:Connecticut
694:Foraker Act
624:US Congress
580:Puerto Rico
219:Juan Dalmau
157:Legislature
150:Legislative
7508:Categories
7391:Xenophobia
7180:Disability
7121:Healthcare
7030:Visual art
6975:Philosophy
6921:television
6911:newspapers
6901:journalism
6891:Literature
6803:attainment
6454:Republican
6449:Democratic
6422:Ideologies
6383:Corruption
5948:NOAA Corps
5871:preemption
5866:federalism
5481:Rio Grande
5383:Midwestern
5363:West Coast
5358:East Coast
5201:Inventions
5113:Space Race
5108:Korean War
5091:home front
5026:Gilded Age
4676:Literature
4511:(currency)
4283:Amphibians
4122:Crash Boat
3946:Chronology
2846:January 7,
2500:August 16,
1723:0815651082
1392:References
1382:Fred Upton
1370:Bill Posey
1362:John Katko
1326:Liz Cheney
1217:51st state
1103:Opposition
1081:Rick Scott
883:enacted a
787:See also:
663:Background
499:Status quo
137:First Lady
7374:Terrorism
7151:Rationing
7048:Affluence
6995:Sexuality
6963:Uncle Sam
6869:Languages
6798:Education
6741:affluence
6701:Americana
6628:Transport
6526:Insurance
6516:Companies
6496:By sector
6388:Elections
6029:Treasurer
5987:Executive
5926:Air Force
5898:Uniformed
5721:President
5538:Executive
5309:Mountains
5242:Territory
5230:Geography
5054:1954–1968
5049:1896–1954
5044:1865–1896
5006:Civil War
4847:1991–2008
4842:1980–1991
4837:1964–1980
4832:1945–1964
4827:1917–1945
4822:1865–1917
4817:1849–1865
4812:1815–1849
4807:1789–1815
4802:1776–1789
4795:By period
4593:Education
4547:Transport
4364:(reptile)
4235:Portugués
4080:Geography
3794:Political
3558:El Vocero
3500:El Vocero
3036:1071-4839
2914:March 29,
2587:April 18,
2533:April 18,
2310:Nohlen, D
2025:April 29,
1322:Don Bacon
1061:Don Young
1053:Joe Biden
889:President
702:President
600:Statehood
494:Statehood
339:Elections
333:Elections
83:Executive
7486:Politics
7430:Category
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6990:Religion
6948:Columbia
6906:internet
6842:Holidays
6837:Folklore
6808:literacy
6746:eviction
6636:Aviation
6608:Taxation
6563:Currency
6556:by state
6466:Scandals
6336:Township
6094:Judicial
5995:Governor
5758:Judicial
5644:Marshals
5517:Politics
5471:Missouri
5461:Columbia
5456:Colorado
5451:Arkansas
5444:Longest
5423:Southern
5408:Northern
5252:counties
5206:Military
5196:Economic
5174:By topic
5153:Iraq War
5103:Cold War
4861:By event
4731:Category
4618:Religion
4578:Abortion
4441:Military
4421:Governor
4391:Politics
4356:(parrot)
4305:Reptiles
4208:San Juan
4198:Mayagüez
4171:Desecheo
4132:Flamenco
4127:El Tuque
4046:Corsican
3930:articles
3619:The Hill
3318:The Hill
3272:June 23,
3265:NBC News
3138:MPR News
2995:June 20,
2908:Archived
2886: at
2746:Archived
2695:Archived
2669:Archived
2617:Archived
2581:Archived
2554:Fox News
2527:Archived
2522:Fox News
2469:Archived
2369:10052212
2264:Archived
2199:Archived
2080:Archived
2049:Archived
1993:Archived
1826:June 11,
1820:Archived
1210:See also
1190:(ALAS),
1180:Governor
1111:for the
1089:Jeb Bush
1010:Democrat
995:and the
968:and the
891:and the
762:Senators
760:and two
314:Judicial
90:Governor
7448:Portals
7414:Outline
7362:illegal
7347:Smoking
7210:Obesity
7093:Poverty
7015:Theater
7005:Society
6859:Housing
6820:Fashion
6776:poverty
6721:Cuisine
6693:Culture
6680:Society
6641:Driving
6568:Exports
6546:Tourism
6506:Banking
6484:Economy
6444:Parties
6288:Charter
6252:Sheriff
5699:Speaker
5567:Cabinet
5530:Federal
5438:Western
5403:Eastern
5398:Central
5393:Pacific
5353:Regions
5304:Islands
4787:History
4715:Outline
4666:Cuisine
4651:Casinos
4628:Culture
4566:Society
4552:Welfare
4542:Tourism
4509:Dollar
4492:Economy
4315:Endemic
4300:Mammals
4293:Vieques
4250:Ecology
4161:Islands
4139:Forests
4117:Beaches
4092:Barrios
4041:Chinese
4036:African
3938:History
3423:CNN.com
3298:May 26,
2961:Reuters
2869:May 16,
2316:, p552
2312:(2005)
2270:June 9,
2086:June 9,
2055:June 6,
1999:June 6,
1944:June 9,
1914:June 9,
1627:History
1141:Spanish
783:History
653:sat out
586:of the
572:Spanish
248:Speaker
95:Cabinet
7435:Portal
7342:Hunger
7293:racism
7234:Issues
7108:Health
7010:Sports
6970:People
6815:Family
6786:wealth
6711:Cinema
6536:Mining
6521:Energy
6266:Cities
6234:County
6168:Tribal
5706:Senate
5550:powers
5446:rivers
5319:ranges
5287:states
5211:Postal
4736:Portal
4696:Sports
4656:Cinema
4598:Health
4446:Police
4372:(fish)
4348:(fish)
4330:(frog)
4220:Rivers
4066:Jewish
4056:German
4051:French
3928:
3708:
3405:PR51st
3324:May 2,
3034:
2777:May 3,
2726:May 3,
2415:CEEPUR
2366:
2320:
1721:
1701:
1486:
1452:
1380:, and
1014:Senate
981:shadow
166:Senate
7421:Index
7246:Crime
7116:Aging
6933:Names
6928:Music
6916:radio
6896:Media
6726:Dance
6716:Crime
6551:Trade
6308:Mayor
6257:Clerk
6225:Local
5967:State
5486:Yukon
5329:Rocky
5314:peaks
4722:Index
4686:Music
4681:Media
4583:Crime
4288:Birds
4271:Fauna
4203:Ponce
4096:Bays
4061:Irish
2797:Nodal
2472:(PDF)
2465:(PDF)
2422:(PDF)
2411:(PDF)
1511:(PDF)
1286:Notes
1178:(now
871:, or
758:House
614:, or
584:state
6985:Race
6830:list
6825:Flag
6364:list
6208:list
6119:list
6059:list
6012:list
6000:list
5976:and
5921:Navy
5911:Army
5781:list
5493:Time
5373:Gulf
4671:Flag
3879:MIDA
3807:FUPI
3706:ISBN
3684:2013
3656:2013
3627:2013
3599:2013
3571:2013
3539:2013
3513:2013
3481:2013
3452:2013
3387:2019
3326:2018
3300:2023
3292:WMNF
3274:2021
3032:ISSN
2997:2023
2968:2022
2942:2022
2916:2021
2871:2020
2848:2020
2826:2021
2779:2020
2754:2019
2728:2020
2703:2017
2677:2014
2651:2014
2625:2017
2589:2014
2535:2014
2502:2013
2480:2012
2448:2012
2318:ISBN
2297:2013
2272:2016
2239:2020
2207:2017
2174:2017
2143:(1).
2141:2023
2088:2016
2057:2016
2027:2024
2001:2016
1971:2023
1946:2016
1916:2016
1886:2012
1857:2012
1828:2017
1719:ISBN
1699:ISBN
1639:2021
1560:2021
1519:2021
1484:ISBN
1450:ISBN
566:The
51:and
6884:ASL
6131:Law
5836:Law
5654:TSA
5639:ICE
5634:FBI
5629:DEA
5619:CBP
5614:ATF
4935:War
4641:Art
4532:Tax
4431:Law
3024:doi
2364:PMC
2356:doi
2114:doi
925:PPD
646:The
438:PNP
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