Pulakeshin II - Knowledge

1790: 1094:(the goddess of fortune). Therefore, Pulakeshin, decided to go into exile. Subsequently, Mangalesha became weak "on all sides" as Pulakeshin applied his "gifts of good counsel and energy". Ultimately, Mangalesha had to abandon three things simultaneously: his attempt to secure the throne for his own son (or his ability to perpetuate his own descent), his kingdom, and his own life. The above description suggests that when Pulakeshin became an adult, Mangalesha rejected his claim to the throne and possibly appointed his own son as the heir apparent. Pulakeshin went into exile, during which he must have planned an attack on Mangalesha; he ultimately defeated and killed Mangalesha. 1574:, who calls Pulakeshin's kingdom Mo-ho-la-cha (the Chinese transcription of "Maharashtra"), provides evidence of Pulakeshin's success against Harsha. Xuanzang states that Shiladitya (that is, Harsha) had conquered the nations from east to west, and had marched with his army to remote parts of India: only the people of Mo-ho-la-cha had refused to accept his suzerainty. Xuanzang further states that Harsha gathered troops from different parts of his kingdom, summoned his best commanders, and led the army to punish the people of Mo-ho-la-cha, but could not subjugate them. 2144: 1309:, who had matrimonial ties with the Kadambas. The Mahakuta pillar inscription of his predecessor Mangalesha states his father Kirttivarman also subjugated the Gangas. It is possible that the Gangas accepted the Chalukya suzerainty during Kirttivarman's reign, but subsequently gave up this allegiance taking advantage of the war of succession between Mangalesha and Pulakeshin. After Pulakeshin's victory over the Kadambas, the Gangas again accepted the Chalukya suzerainty, possibly without any military conflict. 2329: 4269: 2321: 1943: 2011: 1140:, was probably issued during the reign of Pulakeshin's predecessor Mangalesha. It is dated to the Shaka year 532: assuming it was issued after 532 years of the Shaka era had expired, the date of issue was 4 January 611 CE. However, if we assume that it was issued when the 532rd year of the Shaka era was current, it can be dated to 5 July 610 CE. Based on this inscription, the end of Mangalesha's reign is variously dated to 610 CE or 611 CE. 1917:, which accord him imperial titles, but are dated in the regnal years of his wife. It is possible that Chandraditya held the throne after Abhinavaditya, and after his death, his wife acted as a regent for their minor son (c.649–655). His brother Vikramaditya I, appears to have restored Chalukya power as the supreme commander of the Chalukya army during this period, becoming the de facto ruler in the process. 1285:, who had earlier served as Kadamba vassals. However, according to the Chalukya inscriptions, the Alupas had already been subjugated by Pulakeshin's predecessors. Therefore, it appears that the Aihole inscription simply refers to Pulakeshin reaffirming the Chalukya suzerainty over the Alupas. Another possibility is that the Alupas had not been completely subdued by the Pulakeshin's predecessors. 1082:, who claimed descent from the Chalukyas of Vatapi, state that Mangalesha "took upon himself the burden of administration" because Pulakeshin was a minor. However, these inscriptions also wrongly claim that Mangalesha returned the kingdom to Pulakeshin when Pulakeshin grew up, praising the Chalukya lineage for such exemplary behaviour. This claim is contradicted by Pulakeshin's own 1353:), who ruled in the coastal region of present-day Goa and Maharashtra. The Mauryas acknowledged the Chalukya suzerainty during Mangalesha's reign, but seem to have declared independence during the Chalukya war of succession. After consolidating his power in southern Deccan, Pulakeshin successfully besieged the Mauryan capital Puri, which is variously identified as 1226:, but the Kadambas no longer recognized the Chalukya suzerainty during his reign. Pulakeshin marched against them, and besieged their capital of Banavasi. The Aihole inscription suggests that the Kadambas put up a strong resistance, but were ultimately defeated. The Kadamba ruler at this time was probably Bhogivarman. 1962:

After his victory over Harsha, Pulakeshin appears to have acquired control of a large part of western Deccan to the south of the Narmada river. The Aihole inscription states that he gained control of the "three Maharashtrakas" which included 99,000 villages. The identity of these "three Maharashtras"

1958:

attests that Pulakeshin ruled an extensive, militarily powerful and economically prosperous Empire through several loyal vassals. The Aihole inscription states that Pulakeshin's Empire was bound by the oceans on three sides, suggesting that he ruled a vast portion of the Indian peninsula to the south

1288:

The location of the core Alupa territory during Pulakeshin's period is not certain. Alupas are known to have been ruling in the Dakshina Kannada region of Karnataka for several centuries, but some scholars believe that their capital was located at Humcha in the Shimoga district. After subjugating the

1588:

beside the Narmada River, because they "by their bulk, rivalled the mountains". Historian K. A. Nilakanta Sastri interprets to mean that Pulakeshin "did not send his elephant forces into the difficult Vindhya terrain", and guarded the passes with infantry. According to Shreenand L. Bapat and Pradeep

2266:

The Kandalgaon copper-plate inscription, dated to Pulakeshin's fifth regnal year, records the grant of the Pirigipa village on Revati island. It is considered spurious because its script features irregular characters and its language is very inaccurate. Additionally, its seal and opening matter are

1292:

If "Aluka" is considered a variant of "Alupa", the Marutura inscription suggests that the Alupa vassals of Pulakeshin also ruled over the Guntur district in present-day Andhra Pradesh. According to this inscription, the Aluka ruler Gunasagara, who was a Chalukya vassal, was appointed to govern this

1101:

inscription records Pulakeshin's grant of the Elpattu Simbhige village after his subjugation of Ranavikrama. According to one theory, this Ranavikrama was Mangalesha, who bore the title "Ranavikrama", and who was defeated by Mangalesha in a battle fought at Elpattu Simbhige. However, another theory

1542:

influence in the Malwa region must have attracted Harsha's attention. The Maitraka ruler Shiladitya I may have sympathized with Pulakeshin's cause during the latter's northern campaign against the Latas, the Malavas, and the Gurjaras. This situation ultimately resulted in a conflict between Harsha

1392:

The Lata region (present-day southern Gujarat) was formerly under the control of the Kalachuris, who had been defeated by Mangalesha. Pulakeshin, who appears to have annexed Lata to the Chalukya kingdom, placed it under the governorship of a member of the Chalukya family. The rule of the Chalukya

1272:

and himself proceeded to Oman. Upon reaching Oman, Usman sent a naval expedition to capture Thana on the western coast of India. The Arab-Islamic naval expedition was successfully repulsed by the Imperial Chalukyan Navy under Pulakeshin II and they returned to Oman. The first Arab-Islamic raid on

1475:

Scholars Shreenand L. Bapat and Pradeep S. Sohoni date the battle to the winter of 618–619 CE. These scholars note that the Bijapur-Mumbai grant inscription, dated 4 April 619 CE, mentions Pulakeshin's victory over Harsha, which proves that the conflict definitely took place sometime before this

1716:

Xuanzang describes Pulakeshin ("Po-le-ke-she") as "a man of farsighted resource and astuteness who extends kindness to all". The emperor's subjects were "tall and sturdy in nature and... proud and carefree by nature... grateful for kindness and revengeful for injustice". They preferred death to

2049:

embassy to Pulakeshin's court. The painting depicts several figures in foreign dress: Fergusson identified the dress as Sasanian, and proposed that the Sasanian emperor sent a return embassy to the Chalukya empire. This theory was widely accepted by other scholars, but is no longer considered

1683:

The Vishnukundina ruler defeated by Pulakeshin was probably Indravarman: he appears to have ultimately accepted Pulakeshin's suzerainty, and was allowed to rule as a Chalukya vassal. Pulakeshin assigned some of the newly conquered territories to his own feudatories. For example, the Maruturu

1848:

The Aihole inscription suggests that Pulakeshin won over the Chola, the Chera, and the Pandya kings as his allies in his struggle against the Pallavas. He marched towards Kanchipuram, but the Pallava inscriptions suggest that he suffered reverses in battles fought at Pariyala, Suramara, and

1328:

region from them. The Gangas subsequently defeated the Pallava ruler Kaduvetti of Kanchi. In return, Shilabhattarika, a daughter of Pulakeshin II was married to Dadiga, a son of Mokkara (Mushkara) and grandson of Durvinita, as attested by a copperplate charter of Chalukya Vijayaditya dated

1195:, the way they are mentioned in the inscription suggests that they were military adventurers and not from a royal background. However, according to historian Durga Prasad Dikshit, their names suggest that they may have belonged to a Rashtrakuta branch, which was distinct from the imperial 2058:

in one of his previous births as a King. The inclusion of numerous men in Sasanian clothing in the caves of Ajanta seems to reflect the great number of Sasanian traders or workers in Central India at that time, and the fact that they were an object of intense interest by the Indians.

1844:

section above.) The Banas appear to have been Pallava feudatories before their submission to Pulakeshin, as suggested by the name of the inscription's engraver: Mahendra Pallavachari. Pulakeshin's subjugation of a Pallava feudatory must have renewed his conflict with the Pallavas.

1990:, who had earlier served as his governor of the Velvola country, as the governor of Vengi in eastern Deccan. Vishnu-vardhana acknowledges Pulakeshin's suzerainty in his 631 CE Kopparam inscription, but asserts himself as an independent ruler in his 641 CE Chirupalli inscription. 2162:

The Hyderabad copper-plate grant inscription is dated to the Shaka year 532 (expired), and was issued during Pulakeshin's third regnal year. It was issued during the solar eclipse on the Amavasya of the Bhadrapada month, which corresponds to 23 July 613. It records a village

2443:

Jainism had a considerable vogue and was much respected. Ravikirtti, who built a stone temple to Jina at Ahiole, claims to have enlisted the particular favour of Pulakesin II for his enterprise and thus made the temple the abode of all excellence ( bhavanam

2126:

The Aihole inscription of Pulakeshin II states that he was generous in "bestowing gifts and honours on the brave and the learned". The inscription's composer Ravikirrti, a court poet of Pulakeshin, describes himself as an equal of the great Sanskrit poets

1182:

The Aihole inscription suggests that two rulers named Appayika and Govinda rebelled against Pulakeshin. The identity of these rulers is uncertain, but they are said to have approached the core Chalukya territory from the north of the Bhimarathi (modern

1679:

as the governor of the newly conquered territory. The Chalukya conquest in this region is corroborated by Vishnu-vardhana's 631 CE Kopparam copper-plate inscription, which records a land grant in the Karma-rashtra region of present-day Andhra Pradesh.

1563:(mirth) of Harsha melted away by fear, as his elephants fell in the battle. The only other inscription from his reign that mentions this battle is the Bijapur-Mumbai inscription. Harsha's court poet Bana does not mention this conflict in his biography 1829:). These two accounts appear to refer to the same battle, which must have been inconclusive: the Pallava army was probably forced to retreat to Kanchipuram, but inflicted enough damage on the Chalukya army to force Pulakeshin to retreat to Vatapi. 1655:(modern Pithapuram in Andhra Pradesh). The Maruturu inscription suggests that this event took place around or before 617–618 CE. The Aihole inscription states that subsequently, a fierce battle was fought near Kunala lake (identified with modern 1011:(epithet) of Pulakeshin, was commonly used as a substitute for his name in the dynasty's records. He was the dynasty's most celebrated ruler, because of which the subsequent rulers called their dynasty Satyashraya-kula ("family of Satyashraya"). 1502:

suggests that Harsha's growing influence may have driven the Latas, the Malavas, and the Gurjaras to accept Pulakeshin's suzerainty. Historian Durga Prasad Dikshit adds that these three kingdoms are known to have been enemies of Harsha's father

1471:

onwards, mention Pulakeshin's victory over Harsha using similar expressions. This early date for the war is also supported by the writings of Xuanzang, who states that Harsha fought wars for six years, and then ruled in peace for thirty years.

1169:

After Mangalesha's death, Pulakeshin appears to have faced opposition from multiple rivals, including those who were loyal to Mangalesha and those who wanted to take advantage of the turmoil resulting from the Chalukya war of succession. The

1466:

or before, based on the 612–613 CE Hyderabad inscription of Pulakeshin. This inscription boasts that Pulakeshin defeated a king who had fought a hundred battles (presumably Harsha). The later Chalukya inscriptions, dating from the reign of

1920:

Ranaragha-varman is attested by the Honnur inscription dated to the 16th regnal year of his younger brother Vikramaditya. The inscription states that Ranaragha-varman's daughter was the wife of the Ganga prince Madhava, a subordinate of

1816:

The Aihole inscription states that the Pallava ruler opposed the rise of Pulakeshin, who caused the enemy's splendour to be "obscured by the dust of his army" and forced the enemy to take shelter behind the walls of the Pallava capital

1546:

Another possibility is that Harsha decided to take advantage of the turmoil resulting from the conflict between Mangalesha and Pulakeshin, and invaded the Chalukya kingdom. During his march against Pulakeshin, Harsha advanced up to the

1381:, who were the northern neighbours of the Chalukyas. Historian Durga Prasad Dikshit theorizes that these kingdoms may have accepted Pulakeshin's suzerainty without a military conflict, when faced with an invasion from the northern king 1666:

Pulakeshin probably subjugated Vishnukundina vassals during his eastern campaign in Kalinga, which may have brought him in conflict with the Vishnukundina dynasty. Pulakeshin conquered the Vishnukundina kingdom, located in the lower

2211:

Ishvara temple stone inscription records Pulakeshin's grant of the Elpattu Simbhige village after his subjugation of Ranavikrama. The defeated ruler was probably a king of the Bana dynasty; alternatively, he may be identified with

1970:

Pulakeshin could not administer this large empire centrally, and therefore, ruled through governors from the Chalukya family and loyal vassals, who included the rulers defeated by him. The Sendraka prince Sena-nanda-raja ruled the

1751:, although this identification is not conclusive. It is possible that Xuanzang spent some time in Nashik, which was an important centre of Buddhism, and mistook it as the empire's capital. Xuanzang mentions that there were five 2014:

Original frescoes in Ajanta Cave 1, and corresponding artistic depiction of Pulakeshin receiving envoys from Persia. Earlier scholars believed that Pulakeshin received an envoy from the Sasanian emperor of Persia, based on the

1086:, and appears to be a late attempt to gloss over Pulakeshin's overthrow of Mangalesha. The exact details of the conflict between these two men are unclear, because the Aihole inscription describes it in a rather enigmatic way. 1902:

theorizes that Adityavarman was simply a former name of Vikramaditya I. However, historian D. P. Dikshit disputes this identification, and believes that Adityavarman succeeded Pulakeshin, and in turn, was succeeded by his son

1840:("Bana king's province") after the subjugation of Ranavikrama. Assuming that Ranavikrama was a Bana king, it appears that Pulakeshin defeated the Banas. (An alternative theory identifies Ranavikrama as Mangalesha; see 1581:, who ultimately overthrew the Chalukyas several years after Pulakeshin's death, also boast that they defeated the dynasty that claimed victory over Harshavardhana, thus indirectly confirming Pulakeshin's achievement. 1247:

The first Arab Caliphatic invasion of India was an expedition by sea to conquer Thana near present-day Mumbai as early as 636 CE. It was undertaken during the vigorous Islamic expansionist regime of the second Caliph,

1812:

were their allies at the time, and Pulakeshin's subjugation of the Vishnukundins brought him in conflict with the Pallava monarch. The Chalukyas and the Pallavas fought several battles without conclusive results.

1089:

It is possible that Mangalesha initially ruled as a regent, but later decided to usurp the throne. According to the Aihole inscription, Mangalesha was envious of Pulakeshin, because Pulakeshin was a favourite of

2283:

Several Kannada groups demanded the installation of Pulakeshin II's statue at Badami, Karnataka, to celebrate the great "kannada" emperor of past who they claimed was being ignored by the Karnataka Government.

2172:

The Lohner (Nashik district) inscription is dated to the year 552 of an unspecified calendar era, which must be the Shaka era. It registers grant of the Goviyanaka village to a Brahmana named Dama Dikshita.

1696:

visited Pulakeshin's Empire in 641–642 CE. He calls the Chalukya emperor the ruler of "Mo-ho-la-cha" (the Chinese transcription of "Maharashtra"), and corroborates Pulakeshin II's success against emperor

1527:

against Harsha. When Harsha decided to take action against these three kingdoms, their rulers probably sought the protection of Pulakeshin. Pulakeshin may have granted asylum to Harsha's adversaries.

1174:

declares that "the whole world was enveloped in the darkness that was the enemies". Pulakeshin subjugated these enemies, and established the Chalukyas as the dominant power in the Indian peninsula.

1736:. When his generals were defeated, they were not punished, but were humiliated by being ordered to wear women's dresses. The soldiers who lost a battle would commit suicide as a matter of honour. 1684:

inscription states that the Aluka ruler Gunasagara, a Chalukya vassal, came from Mangalapura (identified with modern Mangalagiri in Guntur district) to Kallura after undergoing several hardships.

1408:

suggest that the Maitrakas controlled at least a part of the Malava territory. Thus, the Malavas may have been Maitraka vassals or independent rulers before they accepted Pulakeshin's suzerainty.

1997:

region (in southern Gujarat), also seems to have asserted his independence. Vijaya-varman's 643 CE Kheda (Kaira) inscription records a land grant without any reference to a Chalukya overlord.

1986:, Pulakeshin acquired control of a large part of the eastern Deccan region, extending from Vishakhapatnam in north to Nellore and Guntur in the south. Pulakeshin appointed his younger brother 1713:, but he does not mention any conflict between the two states, presumably because he was not aware of major political changes or because his main interest was Buddhism rather than politics. 2034:

of present-day Iran. Pulakeshin sent expensive presents and letters to Khusrow II and his sons, during the 26th regnal year of the Sasanian emperor. This embassy can be dated to c. 625 CE.

1659:), whose water turned red with the blood of those killed in the war. These inscriptions do not name Pulakeshin's rival in these conflicts, but modern scholars identify him as a king of the 2178:

The Aihole prashasti inscription, composed by Pulakeshin's court poet Ravikirtti, records the construction of a Jinendra temple by Ravikirtti, and lists Pulakeshin's military achievements.

2242:). The copper plates were purchased by Raghuvir Pai of Mumbai from a scrap-vendor of Bijapur in the 1990s. The inscription was unreadable because of corrosion, but Shreenand L. Bapat of 1763:, and were several hundred feet high. Around 5,000 Buddhist monks lived in over 100 monasteries in the empire; in particular, Xuanzang describes a large monastery identified with the 439: 1229:

Pulakeshin ended the Kadamba dynasty and annexed their territory to his empire. He divided this territory among his vassals: the major part of the Kadamba kingdom was granted to the

1490:

Some earlier scholars, such as D. Devahuti dated the conflict to 630s CE, but this is no longer considered correct after the publication of the Bijapur-Mumbai inscription in 2017.

2273:

The Pimpalner copper-plate inscription, considered spurious for the same reasons as the Lakshmeshvara inscription, records the grant of the Pippalanagara to Nagarasvami Dikshita.

1864:

captured Vatapi in c. 642–643 CE. The Pallava occupation of Vatapi is attested by an inscription found at the Mallikarjunadeva temple in Badami, dated to the 13th regnal year of

1433:, who ruled over much of northern India. The inscriptions of Pulakeshin's successors prominently mention this victory even when they ignore his other military achievements. 549: 1959:

of the Vindhyas. However, there is no evidence that he was able to annex the extreme southern kingdoms of the Cholas, the Keralas (Cheras), and the Pandyas to his empire.

1884:. According to one theory, this arrangement may have happened with the approval of Pulakeshin, who did not want his brother to wage a war of succession like Mangalesha. 1441:

The date of the war between Harsha and Pulakeshin has been debated by modern scholars. The Kandalgaon copper-plate inscription, dated to Pulakeshin's fifth regnal year (

2270:

The Lakshmeshvara inscription records the grant of a field to the chaitya of Shankha Jinendra. It is considered spurious because of "late script and irregular dating".

2192:(province) to a Brahmana named Maheshvara. It refers to Pulakeshin's maternal uncle and vassal king Shrivallabha Sena-nanda-raja, who belonged to the Sendraka dynasty. 539: 1593:, in a bid to invade Harsha's kingdom, but was unsuccessful, which may explain why only two inscriptions from Pulakeshin's reign mention his conflict with Harsha. 1289:

Kadambas, Pulakeshin assigned a major part of the former Kadamba territory to his Alupa vassal, who according to historian Moraes, may have been Kundavarammarasa.

469: 2464:

The Jain religion seems to have enjoyed considerable patronage at the hands of the Early Chalukyas. Thus Pulakesin II patronised a certain Jain poet Ravikirti.

409: 3897: 2155:

The Yekkeri rock inscription, which was probably issued in Pulakeshin's first regnal year, contains land records in certain towns said to be owned by the god

2166:

The Maruturu grant inscription records the grant of the Maruturu village at the instance of the Aluka vassal ruler, and notices the occupation of Pishtapura.

519: 429: 4285: 1567:, presumably to avoid portraying his patron in a negative light. However, Pulakeshin's success against Harsha is confirmed by other independent sources. 1161:

month. According to modern calculations, this solar eclipse took place on 21 May 616 CE, which would mean that Pulakeshin ascended the throne in 609 CE.

569: 2497: 2050:

correct: the painting, which does indeed include the visit of foreigners in Persian or Sasanian dress, actually depicts a scene from the Maha-sudarsana

1747:(modern Bharuch). This description does not fit the Chalukya capital Vatapi (modern Badami). Modern scholars identify the city mentioned by Xuanzang as 5459: 609: 489: 1143:

The matter is further complicated by the Maruturu inscription, which is dated to Pulakeshin's eighth regnal year, and was issued on the occasion of a

1404:(Malava) region in central India. According to the Chinese traveler Xuanzang, Malava ("Mo-la-po") was an independent kingdom, but the records of the 649: 2175:

The Kopparam copper-plate inscription, dated to Pulakeshin's 21st regnal year, records the grant of a village in Karma-rashtra region to a Brahmana.

1487:) does not mention the conflict. Based on this, Bapat and Sohoni theorize that the conflict took place between November 618 CE and February 619 CE. 5161: 619: 559: 499: 399: 1293:

region. The 692 CE Sorab inscription describes Gunasagara's son Chitra-vahana as an "Alupa", which suggests that "Aluka" is a variant of "Alupa".

1068: 4086:"The Bijapur-Mumbai copperplate grant of Călukya ruler Pulakeśin II, dated April 04, 619 CE, mentioning his triumph over emperor Harṣavardhana" 2094:

shrines now called the Upper Shivalaya, the Lower Shivalaya, and Malegitti Shivalaya, started during his reign. The Chinese Buddhist pilgrim

629: 5535: 1000:

inscription calls him "Ereyatiyadigal" (or "Ereyitiyadigal"), and the Bijapur-Mumbai inscription mentions the variant "Eraja". Historian

599: 4258: 1601:

The Aihole inscription states that the rulers of Koshala and Kalinga accepted Pulakeshin's suzerainty without offering any resistance.

1210:(divide and conquer), and bestowed favours upon Govinda while alienating Appayika. Govinda became his ally, and Appayika was defeated. 2977:"Vijayaditya's charter showing that the Sanskrit poetess Shilabhattarika was a Chalukya princess, and three more copperplate charters" 579: 419: 5084: 4922: 2230:(praise) of the dynasty and its kings. The granted land was located in the Brahmana-Vataviya villages situated on the banks of the 589: 529: 509: 5540: 2423:

Pulkesin II patronized the Jaina temple at Aihole, an event immortalized by the poet Ravikirti in an inscription from that place.

2342: 1511:: this enmity probably continued during the reign of Harsha. The Malava king played a role in the murder of Harsha's predecessor 707: 5119: 4907: 2243: 1330: 369: 5091: 4679: 4272: 4203: 4179: 4133: 4112: 4074: 4012: 3972: 3951: 3927: 3781: 2882: 1930: 5571: 5434: 1789: 1739:

According to Xuanzang, the empire's capital (not named by Xuanzang) was situated to the east of a large river, around 1000

5525: 5439: 1887:

Pulakeshin had multiple sons, and the order of succession after him is not clear from the available historical evidence:

820: 190: 1880:

had carved out an independent kingdom in the eastern part of the Chalukya empire, resulting in the establishment of the

1530:

According to scholars Shreenand L. Bapat and Pradeep S. Sohoni, the "Malavas" mentioned in the Chalukya record were the

5530: 5444: 5133: 5060: 2204:

A Kannada-language inscription from Bellary district "specifies the land measure and the coin to be used at Kurumgodu".

1122:

year 534), and was issued during the third year of his reign, which suggests that he must have ascended the throne in

4226: 2907: 1385:. Alternatively, it is possible that these three rulers accepted Mangalesha's suzerainty after his victory over the 5581: 5449: 5070: 2246:

cleaned it and published it in 2017. It is written in Sanskrit language and inscribed in a southern variety of the

2239: 4299: 2262:

The following inscriptions are attributed to Pulakeshin's reign, but are considered spurious by modern scholars:

1910: 1891: 1617: 270: 250: 114: 94: 5384: 5314: 4995: 4932: 4912: 4675: 4320: 4251: 1249: 1203:

and Mauryas of Konkan, and later rebelled taking advantage of the conflict between Pulakeshin and Mangalesha.

882:

to gain control of the throne. He suppressed a rebellion by Appayika and Govinda, and decisively defeated the

5401: 4967: 4477: 1967:, they may have been the Maharashtra proper (a large part of present-day Maharashtra), Konkana, and Karnata. 5497: 5419: 5186: 5154: 4917: 4363: 4345: 4327: 4307: 1584:

The Aihole inscription poetically states that Pulakeshin's elephants had to avoid the neighbourhood of the

1452: 1001: 2312:

revolves around the historical events of the Chalukya emperor, Pulakeshin II, laying siege to Kanchi, and

902:

recognized his suzerainty. He consolidated the Chalukya control over the western coast by subjugating the

5429: 5098: 4927: 4764: 2038: 1628: 938: 1389:, and the Aihole inscription simply refers to Pulakeshin reaffirming the Chalukya suzerainty over them. 5424: 5388: 4354: 4336: 4316: 1242: 1196: 925:

The most notable military achievement of Pulakeshin was his victory over the powerful northern emperor

1639:, is not certain either. Historian Durga Prasad Dikshit suggests that he was probably a member of the 996:: Pulikeśin) and Polekeshin (IAST: Polekeśin). "Ereya" appears to have been another of his names: the 5181: 5168: 4417: 4397: 4268: 4244: 4236: 929:, whose failure to conquer the Chalukyan territories to the south is attested by the Chinese pilgrim 2404:

The Western Chalukyas of Vatapi, Pulkesin II and Vikramaditya I, were also great patrons of Jainism.

5561: 5176: 5112: 4736: 4701: 4696: 4630: 4373: 2477: 2416: 2397: 1386: 1071:. When Kirthivarma died, Pulakeshin appears to have been a minor, as Kirthivarma's younger brother 984:. He patronized several Jaina scholars, including Ravikirtti, who composed his Aihole inscription. 1728:

by birth. His well-disciplined troops comprised several thousands of men, and several hundreds of

1651:

According to the Aihole inscription and the Maruturu inscription, Pulakeshin invaded and captured

1233:

under the name kadamba-mandala; the Nagarakhanda division of Banavasi was given to the Sendrakas.

5591: 5586: 5396: 5334: 4850: 4570: 2436: 2363: 2291: 813: 668: 124: 20: 2188:

The Chiplun copper-plate inscription records the grant of the Amravatavaka village in Avaretika

1415:(or Bharuch), and the Gurjara ruler who accepted Pulakeshin's suzerainty was probably Dadda II. 5576: 5196: 5105: 4899: 4525: 4462: 4437: 4432: 4427: 4022: 2352: 2267:

different from other Chalukya inscriptions, and it contains a faulty description of Pulakeshin.

1732:. The elephants, who were intoxicated with wine before battles, were used to break the enemy's 1499: 1456: 1192: 4214: 4193: 4169: 4123: 4102: 3983: 2457: 1898:

inscription, which describes him as a powerful ruler and gives him imperial titles. Historian

1620:

rule. The Aihole inscription does not mention the name of the subjugated ruler, but historian

1429:

The most notable military achievement of Pulakeshin was his victory over the powerful emperor

4827: 4665: 4467: 4064: 3941: 3771: 2347: 1809: 1660: 1643:. Historian K. A. Nilakanta Sastri suggests that he may have been a Vishnukundina feudatory. 1640: 1378: 1302: 942: 919: 895: 301: 4002: 1724:

According to Xuanzang, the emperor was war-like and loved "military arts", because he was a

5566: 5487: 5411: 5354: 5224: 4855: 4706: 4442: 4422: 2357: 2304: 1987: 1877: 1676: 1589:

S. Sohoni, the inscription suggests that Pulakeshin's army subsequently tried to cross the

1477: 1448:), mentions the conflict, but this inscription is regarded as spurious by modern scholars. 1253: 1199:. This branch may have become subordinate to the Chalukyas after facing invasions from the 1079: 946: 359: 8: 5374: 5344: 4812: 4794: 4731: 4711: 4635: 4610: 4457: 4311: 4143: 2309: 2219:

The Bijapur-Mumbai copper-plate grant inscription records a land grant to Nagasharman of

1979:

and neighbouring areas as his vassal, as attested by the Abhona and Kasare inscriptions.

1947: 1933:, a younger brother of Vikramaditya, is attested by the 671 CE Navsari grant inscription. 1531: 136: 2484:

Pulakeshin was a Vaishanavite Hindu, as attested by the Lohner copper-plate inscription.

2198:

The fragmentary Badami rock inscription refers to the "victorious metropolis" of Vatapi.

5512: 5284: 5126: 5078: 4688: 4447: 4389: 4066:

Studies in the Buddhistic Culture of India During the Seventh and Eighth Centuries A.D.

2115: 2078:

Colonizers in Persia. They settled on the West coast of the Deccan and established the

2071: 1881: 1780: 1767:

by modern scholars. Xuanzang adds that the emperor also had temples of "heretics" who "

1504: 1171: 1083: 907: 806: 777: 5492: 5329: 5040: 4759: 4754: 4746: 4726: 4590: 4575: 4412: 4222: 4199: 4195:

A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century

4175: 4129: 4108: 4070: 4051: 4032: 4008: 3989: 3968: 3947: 3923: 3777: 2903: 2878: 2313: 1914: 1865: 1853: 1424: 962: 950: 757: 639: 449: 389: 350: 280: 105: 4084:

Shreenand L. Bapat; Pradeep S. Sohoni (2017). S. S. Bahulkar; Shilpa Sumant (eds.).

1836:

inscription records Pulakeshin's grant of the Elpattu Simbhige village in Bana-raja-

961:

in the south, but was ultimately defeated during an invasion by the Pallava monarch

5502: 5482: 5477: 5349: 4990: 4860: 4822: 4802: 4769: 4721: 4650: 4585: 4545: 4520: 4515: 4367: 4349: 2143: 1975:

and neighbouring areas as his loyal feudatory. The family of Alla-shakti ruled the

1899: 1822: 1805: 1784: 1710: 1539: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1412: 1405: 1158: 1024: 868: 852: 379: 181: 171: 57: 2201:

The Hirebidri (Dharwar district) stone inscription records a land grant by Tiraka.

2169:

The Satara grant inscription of Vishnu-vardhana refers to him as the crown-prince.

2114:

temple at Aihole was also built during his reign, by Ravikirrti, who composed the

1946:

Chalukya territories during the reign of Pulakeshin II, as estimated by historian

1333:, who deciphered this inscription, identifies her with the renowned Sanskrit poet 949:

as the governor of eastern Deccan; this brother later established the independent

5467: 5254: 5229: 5140: 4937: 4880: 4875: 4870: 4865: 4842: 4832: 4817: 4774: 4660: 4655: 4580: 4565: 4158: 4147: 4045: 4026: 3962: 3917: 2079: 2063: 2028: 1801: 1605: 1346: 1334: 1321: 1219: 1132:

The exact year of his ascension is debated among modern scholars. The 610–611 CE

958: 934: 903: 883: 737: 479: 321: 2328: 1993:

After Pulakeshin's death, the Chalukya governor Vijaya-varman, who ruled in the

5520: 5369: 5359: 5294: 5289: 5020: 4885: 4807: 4784: 4779: 4716: 4645: 4560: 4452: 4402: 4358: 4331: 2287: 2231: 1927:(655–680) restored the Chalukya power, and recaptured Vatapi from the Pallavas. 1924: 1668: 1636: 1624:

theorizes that he may have been the Panduvamshi king Mahashivagupta Balarjuna.

1468: 1430: 1382: 1317: 1252:, who was on a proselytizing mission to Islamize the whole world. He appointed 926: 875: 747: 697: 459: 331: 291: 220: 146: 120: 992:

Two variants of Pulakeshin's name appear in the Chalukya records: Pulikeshin (

863:, India). During his reign, the Chalukya Empire expanded to cover most of the 5555: 5244: 5239: 5214: 5045: 5035: 5000: 4975: 4957: 4620: 4490: 4407: 4379: 4340: 4189: 4055: 4036: 3937: 2258:

month of Pulakeshin's ninth regnal year, which corresponds to 4 April 619 CE.

2247: 1994: 1983: 1913:(c.646–649?) attested by the Nerur and Kochre grant inscriptions of his wife 1904: 1744: 1729: 1672: 1548: 1512: 1498:

The cause of the war between Harsha and Pulakeshin is not certain. Historian

1370: 1358: 1282: 1230: 1144: 1055:

calls him Paramesa or Pharmis, probably a Persian transcription of his title

911: 891: 787: 727: 260: 45: 2320: 1821:. The Kashakudi inscription of the Pallavas states that the Pallava Monarch 5339: 5274: 5219: 4942: 4640: 4595: 4530: 4495: 3993: 2296: 2208: 2051: 2042: 2016: 1964: 1833: 1764: 1755:

in and around the capital city: these stupas had been built by the earlier

1656: 1621: 1609: 1316:

married his daughter to Pulakeshin; she was the mother of Pulakeshin's son

1200: 1103: 1098: 997: 717: 210: 110: 3163: 2181:

The undated Tummeyanaru grant inscription of Pulakeshin bestows the title

1794:"The defeat of Pulakeshin II, the Chalukya, by Mahamalla Pallava at Badami 5472: 5309: 5304: 5299: 5264: 5249: 5209: 4625: 3588: 3528: 3470: 3407: 3204: 3202: 3068: 3066: 3064: 2565: 2563: 2561: 2559: 2557: 2555: 2377: 2067: 1818: 1578: 1188: 1184: 981: 767: 687: 311: 160: 3518: 3516: 3514: 3424: 3422: 3344: 3342: 3221: 3219: 3217: 3085: 3083: 3081: 3051: 3049: 2649: 2647: 2645: 2643: 5259: 5055: 5005: 4600: 4171:

Dust in the Wind: Retracing Dharma Master Xuanzang's Western Pilgrimage

3639: 3627: 2937: 2875:

In God's Path: The Arab Conquests and the Creation of an Islamic Empire

2213: 2031: 1942: 1861: 1733: 1652: 1508: 1136:

grant inscription, which refers to an unnamed Chalukya overlord titled

1072: 879: 677: 230: 84: 4266: 4149:

A Concise History of Karnataka: From Pre-historic Times to the Present

3878: 3199: 3061: 2705: 2552: 2010: 1860:. Pulakeshin was probably killed, when a Pallava force led by General 1206:

According to the Aihole inscription, Pulakeshin adopted the policy of

5319: 5279: 5050: 4985: 4980: 4535: 4510: 4290: 4276: 3856: 3854: 3852: 3850: 3848: 3846: 3844: 3707: 3697: 3695: 3605: 3603: 3552: 3511: 3501: 3499: 3497: 3482: 3419: 3339: 3329: 3327: 3325: 3323: 3310: 3308: 3306: 3291: 3281: 3279: 3277: 3275: 3273: 3258: 3248: 3246: 3214: 3187: 3151: 3141: 3139: 3126: 3124: 3122: 3107: 3078: 3046: 3036: 3034: 3032: 3019: 3017: 3004: 3002: 2987: 2958: 2956: 2954: 2952: 2927: 2925: 2923: 2921: 2919: 2856: 2854: 2852: 2850: 2823: 2811: 2772: 2770: 2768: 2755: 2753: 2738: 2728: 2726: 2724: 2722: 2720: 2695: 2693: 2691: 2689: 2687: 2685: 2683: 2681: 2679: 2677: 2640: 2628: 2618: 2616: 2614: 2587: 2255: 2227: 2151:

Following inscriptions from Pulakeshin's reign have been discovered:

2147:

The Aihole inscription composed by Pulakeshin's court poet Ravikirtti

2024: 1740: 1725: 1354: 1325: 1313: 1119: 1115: 1052: 860: 4085: 3898:"Seeing beyond Shivaji: Activists push for Pulikeshi II. Learn More" 2976: 2515: 2513: 2511: 2509: 5324: 5147: 4947: 4615: 4540: 4505: 3967:. Delhi: Indian Institute of Advanced Study / Motilal Banarsidass. 2540: 2220: 2132: 2107: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2090:

He was tolerant of other sects and faiths. The construction of the

2046: 1976: 1955: 1826: 1693: 1590: 1585: 1571: 1306: 1223: 1153: 1148: 1048: 1022:("King of great kings"). Besides, he also used the family epithets 977: 973: 930: 899: 887: 200: 3841: 3692: 3680: 3600: 3576: 3564: 3494: 3458: 3320: 3303: 3270: 3243: 3175: 3136: 3119: 3095: 3029: 3014: 2999: 2949: 2916: 2847: 2835: 2799: 2765: 2750: 2717: 2674: 2611: 2027:, Pulakeshin ("Pharmis") maintained diplomatic relations with the 1236: 19:"Immadi Pulikeshi" redirects here. For the 1967 Kannada film, see 5364: 5015: 5010: 4550: 3795: 3793: 3741: 3739: 3737: 3724: 3722: 3658: 3656: 3654: 3615: 3446: 2506: 2251: 2235: 2111: 2075: 1895: 1837: 1768: 1756: 1706: 1374: 1320:. The Gangas probably hoped to gain Chalukya support against the 1269: 1261: 1091: 915: 156: 131: 3866: 2664: 2662: 2418:

Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Volume XXI

2316:

avenging this by attacking Vatapi, the capital of the Chalukyas.

2019:

cave painting, but this theory is no longer considered correct.

1004:

theorizes that Ereya was the pre-coronation name of Pulakeshin.

5234: 5030: 5025: 4952: 4500: 4485: 3919:

History: BA (Hons) Semester II Course Pack, University of Delhi

3434: 3361: 3359: 3357: 2055: 1972: 1857: 1760: 1752: 1748: 1698: 1632: 1613: 1393:

governor Vijaya-varma-raja over Lata is attested by his 643 CE

1350: 1301:

The Aihole inscription credits Pulakeshin with subjugating the

1281:

According to the Aihole inscription, Pulakeshin subjugated the

1257: 1041: 864: 856: 4163:. Indian Society for Prehistoric and Quaternary Studies / B.R. 3790: 3751: 3734: 3719: 3651: 3540: 3397: 3395: 3382: 3380: 3378: 3376: 3374: 2789: 2787: 2785: 2499:

The Eastern Chalukyan Inscriptions a Social and Cultural Study

5269: 5204: 4555: 2659: 2223: 2156: 2128: 1535: 1476:

date. The earlier Satara inscription of Pulakeshin's brother

1401: 1394: 1369:

The Aihole inscription states that Pulakeshin subjugated the

969: 954: 4025:(1960). "The Chaḷukyās of Bādāmi". In Ghulam Yazdani (ed.). 3829: 3805: 3354: 3231: 2530: 2528: 2366:, a Kannada-language film based on the life of Pulakeshin II 3915: 3668: 3392: 3371: 2782: 2599: 2383: 1718: 1265: 993: 837: 3817: 2575: 2900:

Indian Resistance to Early Muslim Invaders Up to 1206 A.D

2525: 2234:(identified with modern Brahmangaon and Wadvali, east of 1133: 4004:

Unfolding A Mandala: The Buddhist Cave Temples at Ellora

2250:. It was issued on the occasion of a lunar eclipse on a 4083: 3884: 3208: 3169: 3072: 2569: 2054:, in which the enthroned king can be identified as the 4021: 3594: 3534: 3522: 3488: 3476: 3428: 3413: 3348: 3297: 3113: 3089: 2817: 2653: 2634: 2495: 957:. Pulakeshin also achieved some successes against the 1876:

By 641 CE, during Pulakeshin's lifetime, his brother

4157:

T. V. Mahalingam (1977). "Aditya and Vikramaditya".

4090:

Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute

3981: 3860: 3713: 3701: 3645: 3633: 3609: 3582: 3570: 3558: 3505: 3464: 3333: 3314: 3285: 3264: 3252: 3225: 3193: 3181: 3157: 3145: 3130: 3101: 3055: 3040: 3023: 3008: 2993: 2962: 2943: 2931: 2860: 2841: 2829: 2805: 2776: 2759: 2744: 2732: 2711: 2699: 2622: 2593: 2546: 2519: 4142: 3770:Publishing, Britannica Educational (1 April 2010). 3686: 2102:monasteries in his empire; over 5,000 monks – both 1774: 933:. In the east, Pulakeshin subjugated the rulers of 1675:valley, and appointed his younger brother 'Kubja' 1345:Pulakeshin's father Kirttivarman had defeated the 3960: 3799: 3776:. Britannica Educational Publishing. p. 96. 2023:According to the ninth-century Persian historian 2005: 1044:, as attested by his Bijapur-Mumbai inscription. 5553: 4156: 3662: 3621: 1559:The Aihole inscription of Pulakeshin boasts the 1400:The Malavas ruled in and around the present-day 4212: 3757: 3745: 3728: 2438:The Early History Of The Deccan Pat I–VI (1960) 2062:The good relations between the Indians and the 1825:defeated an unnamed enemy at Pallalura (modern 1796:", an artistic depiction of Pulakeshin's defeat 1515:, and also killed Harsha's brother-in-law, the 1364: 1329:January–February 717 CE. Shreenand L. Bapat of 1237:Repulsion of the First Arab Caliphatic Invasion 4100: 4062: 4000: 3811: 3452: 3401: 2462:. Srinivasa Varadachari, Madras. p. 168. 1596: 1051:calls him Pu-lo-ki-she. The Persian historian 1007:Satyashraya ("refuge of truth"), a hereditary 972:, but was tolerant of other faiths, including 4252: 4188: 4167: 3964:Musical instruments in sculpture in Karnataka 3936: 3872: 3835: 3674: 3546: 3365: 3237: 2793: 2299:which was based on the life of Pulakeshin II. 1218:Pulakeshin's predecessors had subjugated the 1067:Pulakeshin was a son of the Chalukya monarch 814: 4121: 4043: 3985:Political History of the Chālukyas of Badami 3823: 3440: 3386: 2668: 2605: 2581: 2534: 2360:, a historical novel featuring Pulakeshin II 1856:, ultimately besieged the Chalukyan capital 4031:. Vol. I–VI. Oxford University Press. 2502:. Sri Venkateswara University. p. 143. 4259: 4245: 3769: 2479:The Journal of the U.P. historical society 2475: 2434: 2399:The Journal of the U.P. historical society 2395: 2070:refugees, who were severely persecuted by 1014:The imperial titles of Pulakeshin include 821: 807: 3943:The First Spring: The Golden Age of India 2110:– lived in these monasteries. The Meguti 1721:if they or their families were insulted. 2441:. Oxford University Press. p. 144. 2327: 2319: 2142: 2009: 1941: 1788: 1646: 1480:, issued during his eighth regnal year ( 1213: 2898:Mishra, Dr. Ram Gopal (December 1992). 2872: 2343:Political history of medieval Karnataka 1963:is not certain: according to historian 1937: 1177: 5554: 2897: 2332:Painting of Pulakeshin II in Bengaluru 2244:Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute 2121: 2037:In the 1870s, architectural historian 1631:, which includes parts of present-day 1418: 1331:Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute 910:also credits him with subjugating the 4240: 2974: 2277: 2118:engraved on the wall of this temple. 2066:encouraged the migration to India of 1507:, as attested by Harsha's court poet 1340: 1164: 3916:Rimjhim Sharma, Anish Kumar (2012). 2455: 2302:The Tamil-language historical novel 2000: 1804:were the southern neighbours of the 1411:The Gurjaras were most probably the 1296: 1109: 1036:. Pulakeshin also assumed the title 4104:The Silk Road Journey With Xuanzang 3885:P. S. Sohoni & S. L. Bapat 2017 3209:P. S. Sohoni & S. L. Bapat 2017 3170:P. S. Sohoni & S. L. Bapat 2017 3073:P. S. Sohoni & S. L. Bapat 2017 2570:P. S. Sohoni & S. L. Bapat 2017 2085: 1687: 1493: 987: 13: 2098:mentions that there were over 100 1852:The Pallavas, during the reign of 1604:Koshala here can be identified as 1268:. Usman sent his brother Hakam to 945:monarch, he appointed his brother 14: 5603: 4219:Ajanta: The end of the Golden Age 2975:Bapat, Shreenand (January 2023). 2324:Statue of Pulakeshin II in Badami 2216:, who bore the title Ranavikrama. 2041:theorized that a painting at the 1663:, which ruled in Andhra Pradesh. 1040:("Supreme Lord") after defeating 878:, Pulakeshin overthrew his uncle 4267: 4160:Readings in South Indian History 3890: 2384:Rimjhim Sharma, Anish Kumar 2012 1894:(c.643–645?) is attested by his 1775:War with the Pallavas and defeat 1616:), which was probably under the 1551:before being forced to retreat. 440:Vijayaditya I (Eastern Chalukya) 16:Chalukya Emperor from 610 to 642 4028:The Early History of the Deccan 3961:B. Chaitanya Deva, ed. (1989). 3908: 3763: 2968: 2891: 2866: 2496:K.V. Madhusudana Reddy (1993). 2138: 1849:Manimangala, near Kanchipuram. 1841: 4321:Jaya Bharata Jananiya Tanujate 2489: 2469: 2449: 2428: 2409: 2389: 2006:Relations with Sassanid Persia 1357:(Elephanta) or Rajapuri (near 1138:Shri-prithvi-vallabha Maharaja 1078:The inscriptions of the later 1062: 874:A son of the Chalukya monarch 1: 5402:List of people from Karnataka 3982:Durga Prasad Dikshit (1980). 2370: 1871: 1717:disloyalty, and called for a 1709:state before arriving in the 1538:region. The expansion of the 1481: 1460: 1442: 1123: 1118:inscription is dated 613 CE ( 841: 67: 5498:Varnashilpi Venkatappa Award 4128:. Vol. 1. Ocean Books. 1931:Dharashraya Jayasimha-varman 1365:Latas, Malavas, and Gurjaras 1102:identifies Ranavikrama as a 847:–642 CE) popularly known as 7: 5572:7th-century Indian monarchs 4198:. Pearson Education India. 3922:. Pearson Education India. 3595:K. A. Nilakanta Sastri 1960 3535:K. A. Nilakanta Sastri 1960 3523:K. A. Nilakanta Sastri 1960 3489:K. A. Nilakanta Sastri 1960 3477:K. A. Nilakanta Sastri 1960 3429:K. A. Nilakanta Sastri 1960 3414:K. A. Nilakanta Sastri 1960 3349:K. A. Nilakanta Sastri 1960 3298:K. A. Nilakanta Sastri 1960 3114:K. A. Nilakanta Sastri 1960 3090:K. A. Nilakanta Sastri 1960 2873:Hoyland, Robert.G. (2015). 2818:K. A. Nilakanta Sastri 1960 2654:K. A. Nilakanta Sastri 1960 2635:K. A. Nilakanta Sastri 1960 2336: 1702: 1597:Dakshina Kosala and Kalinga 125:Dharashraya Jayasimhavarman 10: 5608: 2476:Chatterjee, C. D. (1955). 2396:Chatterjee, C. D. (1955). 1778: 1422: 1397:copper-plate inscription. 1243:Umayyad campaigns in India 1240: 1197:Rashtrakutas of Manyakheta 18: 5511: 5458: 5410: 5383: 5195: 5182:Kannada Sahitya Sammelana 5069: 4966: 4898: 4841: 4793: 4745: 4687: 4674: 4476: 4388: 4298: 4283: 3861:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980 3714:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980 3702:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980 3646:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980 3634:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980 3610:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980 3583:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980 3571:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980 3559:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980 3506:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980 3465:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980 3334:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980 3315:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980 3286:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980 3265:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980 3253:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980 3226:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980 3194:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980 3182:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980 3158:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980 3146:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980 3131:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980 3102:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980 3056:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980 3041:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980 3024:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980 3009:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980 2994:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980 2963:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980 2944:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980 2932:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980 2861:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980 2842:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980 2830:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980 2806:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980 2777:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980 2760:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980 2745:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980 2733:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980 2712:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980 2700:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980 2623:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980 2594:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980 2547:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980 2520:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980 1882:Chalukya dynasty of Vengi 1627:The name of the ruler of 1554: 1523:ruler Dadda II aided the 1276: 1191:. According to historian 152: 142: 130: 104: 100: 90: 80: 63: 56: 35: 30: 5177:Kannada Sahitya Parishat 4631:Unification of Karnataka 4213:Walter M. Spink (2005). 3687:Suryanath U. Kamath 1980 1519:ruler Graha-varman. The 951:Eastern Chalukya dynasty 5582:Indian military leaders 5397:Karnataka ethnic groups 5335:Krishnaraja Wadiyar III 4101:Sally Wriggins (2008). 4063:Lal Mani Joshi (1987). 4050:. Agam Kala Prakashan. 4001:G. H. Malandra (1993). 3946:. Penguin Books India. 2456:Mookerji, Radhakumund. 2364:Immadi Pulikeshi (film) 1451:Some scholars, such as 1436: 1324:, who had captured the 1187:) river in present-day 859:(present-day Badami in 21:Immadi Pulikeshi (film) 4168:Tsai Chiashan (2006). 4023:K. A. Nilakanta Sastri 3800:B. Chaitanya Deva 1989 2353:History of South India 2333: 2325: 2195:The Nerur inscription. 2148: 2020: 1951: 1862:Shiruttondar Paranjoti 1797: 1705:). He had visited the 1500:K. A. Nilakanta Sastri 1457:K. A. Nilakanta Sastri 1193:K. A. Nilakanta Sastri 941:. After defeating the 41:Shri-prithvi-vallabha 4666:Western Ganga dynasty 4215:"The Persian Embassy" 4152:. Archana Prakashana. 4122:Sandhya Jain (2011). 4069:Motilal Banarsidass. 4044:K. V. Ramesh (1984). 3663:T. V. Mahalingam 1977 3622:T. V. Mahalingam 1977 2348:Timeline of Karnataka 2331: 2323: 2146: 2013: 1945: 1792: 1661:Vishnukundina dynasty 1647:Vishnukundina dynasty 1641:Eastern Ganga dynasty 1570:The Chinese traveler 1459:, date the battle to 1214:Recapture of Banavasi 1047:The Chinese traveler 1025:Shri-prithvi-vallabha 470:Kali Vishnuvardhana V 37:Karnataka Kulatilaka 5488:Rajyotsava Prashasti 5355:K. S. Narasimhaswamy 3773:The History of India 3758:Walter M. Spink 2005 3746:Walter M. Spink 2005 3729:Walter M. Spink 2005 2981:Tarun Bharat, Mumbai 2358:Sivagamiyin sabadham 2305:Sivagamiyin Sapatham 1982:After defeating the 1954:The Chinese pilgrim 1938:Extent of the Empire 1692:The Chinese pilgrim 1273:India was defeated. 1178:Appayika and Govinda 1080:Chalukyas of Kalyani 982:Vaishnavite Hinduism 360:Kubja Vishnuvardhana 5375:G. S. Shivarudrappa 5345:Gopalakrishna Adiga 4996:Chitrakala Parishat 4923:Dams and reservoirs 4795:Kalaburagi division 4636:Vijayanagara Empire 4611:Rashtrakuta dynasty 4526:Chitradurga Nayakas 4312:Emblem of Karnataka 4174:. Rhythms Monthly. 4144:Suryanath U. Kamath 4047:Chalukyas of Vātāpi 3900:. 30 November 2021. 3875:, pp. 554–555. 3812:Lal Mani Joshi 1987 3648:, pp. 116–119. 3636:, pp. 114–116. 3597:, pp. 216–217. 3537:, pp. 217–218. 3479:, pp. 215–216. 3455:, pp. 132–134. 3453:Sally Wriggins 2008 3443:, pp. 266–267. 3416:, pp. 218–219. 3402:G. H. Malandra 1993 3172:, pp. 208–209. 2946:, pp. 103–104. 2435:Yazdani G. (1960). 2310:Kalki Krishnamurthy 2240:Aurangabad district 2122:Cultural activities 1948:Suryanath U. Kamath 1534:who controlled the 1505:Prabhakara-vardhana 1419:Victory over Harsha 1250:Umar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb 851:, was the greatest 137:Chalukyas of Vatapi 5285:Nijaguna Shivayogi 4689:Bangalore division 4125:The India They Saw 3873:Upinder Singh 2008 3836:Upinder Singh 2008 3675:Abraham Eraly 2011 3547:Abraham Eraly 2011 3366:Tsai Chiashan 2006 3238:Upinder Singh 2008 2794:Abraham Eraly 2011 2714:, pp. 48, 51. 2334: 2326: 2278:In popular culture 2149: 2116:Aihole inscription 2021: 1952: 1798: 1781:Battle of Pullalur 1771:on their bodies". 1347:Mauryas of Konkana 1341:Mauryas of Konkana 1256:, of the tribe of 1172:Aihole inscription 1165:Military conquests 1084:Aihole inscription 908:Aihole inscription 904:Mauryas of Konkana 890:in the south. The 778:Jagadhekamalla III 520:Beta Vijayaditya V 430:Vishnuvardhana III 390:Vishnu Vardhana II 172:Chalukya dynasties 5549: 5548: 5493:Jakanachari Award 5330:Shishunala Sharif 5041:Togalu gombeyaata 4894: 4893: 4747:Belagavi division 4591:Kingdom of Mysore 4571:Kalyani Chalukyas 4380:Southern birdwing 4205:978-81-317-1677-9 4181:978-986-81419-8-8 4135:978-81-8430-106-9 4114:978-0-7867-2544-1 4076:978-81-208-0281-0 4014:978-0-7914-1355-5 3974:978-81-208-0641-2 3953:978-0-670-08478-4 3929:978-93-325-1157-6 3824:K. V. Ramesh 1984 3783:978-1-61530-201-7 3716:, pp. 95–96. 3624:, pp. 75–76. 3561:, pp. 96–97. 3549:, pp. 58–59. 3441:Sandhya Jain 2011 3387:Sandhya Jain 2011 3267:, pp. 90–91. 3228:, pp. 80–81. 3196:, pp. 81–83. 3160:, pp. 87–88. 3058:, pp. 83–84. 2996:, pp. 78–78. 2884:978-0-19-991636-8 2832:, pp. 73–74. 2747:, pp. 48–49. 2671:, pp. 76–77. 2669:K. V. Ramesh 1984 2606:Sandhya Jain 2011 2596:, pp. 67–68. 2582:K. V. Ramesh 1984 2535:K. V. Ramesh 1984 2314:Narasimhavarman I 2226:, and includes a 2001:Foreign relations 1915:Vijaya-Bhattarika 1866:Narasimhavarman I 1854:Narasimhavarman I 1586:Vindhya mountains 1425:Battle of Narmada 1297:Gangas of Talakad 1110:Date of ascension 974:Shaivite Hinduism 963:Narasimhavarman I 855:who reigned from 853:Chalukyan Emperor 831: 830: 796: 795: 758:Jagadhekamalla II 669:Western Chalukyas 658: 657: 640:Rajaraja Narendra 570:Chalukya Bhima II 450:Vishnuvardhana IV 351:Eastern Chalukyas 340: 339: 281:Vijaya-Bhattarika 166: 165: 118:Ranaragha-varman 5599: 5503:Kempegowda Award 5483:Basava Puraskara 5478:Nrupatunga Award 5350:V. Seetharamaiah 5171: 5164: 5157: 5150: 5143: 5136: 5129: 5122: 5120:Western Chalukya 5115: 5108: 5101: 5094: 5087: 5061:Mysore musicians 4991:Channapatna toys 4908:Cities and towns 4861:Dakshina Kannada 4685: 4684: 4651:Veera Ballala II 4586:Kittur Chennamma 4546:Kingdom of Coorg 4521:Chalukya dynasty 4271: 4261: 4254: 4247: 4238: 4237: 4232: 4209: 4185: 4164: 4153: 4139: 4118: 4097: 4080: 4059: 4040: 4018: 3997: 3978: 3957: 3933: 3902: 3901: 3894: 3888: 3882: 3876: 3870: 3864: 3858: 3839: 3833: 3827: 3821: 3815: 3809: 3803: 3797: 3788: 3787: 3767: 3761: 3755: 3749: 3743: 3732: 3726: 3717: 3711: 3705: 3699: 3690: 3684: 3678: 3672: 3666: 3660: 3649: 3643: 3637: 3631: 3625: 3619: 3613: 3607: 3598: 3592: 3586: 3580: 3574: 3568: 3562: 3556: 3550: 3544: 3538: 3532: 3526: 3520: 3509: 3503: 3492: 3486: 3480: 3474: 3468: 3462: 3456: 3450: 3444: 3438: 3432: 3426: 3417: 3411: 3405: 3399: 3390: 3384: 3369: 3363: 3352: 3346: 3337: 3331: 3318: 3312: 3301: 3295: 3289: 3283: 3268: 3262: 3256: 3250: 3241: 3235: 3229: 3223: 3212: 3206: 3197: 3191: 3185: 3179: 3173: 3167: 3161: 3155: 3149: 3143: 3134: 3128: 3117: 3111: 3105: 3099: 3093: 3087: 3076: 3070: 3059: 3053: 3044: 3038: 3027: 3021: 3012: 3006: 2997: 2991: 2985: 2984: 2972: 2966: 2960: 2947: 2941: 2935: 2929: 2914: 2913: 2895: 2889: 2888: 2870: 2864: 2858: 2845: 2839: 2833: 2827: 2821: 2815: 2809: 2803: 2797: 2791: 2780: 2774: 2763: 2757: 2748: 2742: 2736: 2730: 2715: 2709: 2703: 2697: 2672: 2666: 2657: 2651: 2638: 2632: 2626: 2620: 2609: 2603: 2597: 2591: 2585: 2579: 2573: 2567: 2550: 2544: 2538: 2532: 2523: 2517: 2504: 2503: 2493: 2487: 2486: 2473: 2467: 2466: 2459:History of India 2453: 2447: 2446: 2432: 2426: 2425: 2413: 2407: 2406: 2393: 2387: 2381: 2292:Immadi Pulikeshi 2086:Religious policy 2029:Sasanian Emperor 1900:T. V. Mahalingam 1823:Mahendravarman I 1785:Battle of Vatapi 1688:Xuanzang's visit 1543:and Pulakeshin. 1525:Maitraka dynasty 1494:Cause of the war 1486: 1483: 1465: 1462: 1447: 1444: 1413:Gurjaras of Lata 1406:Maitraka dynasty 1312:The Ganga ruler 1128: 1125: 988:Names and titles 968:Pulakeshi was a 869:peninsular India 846: 843: 823: 816: 809: 674: 673: 610:Jata Choda Bhima 490:Chalukya Bhima I 380:Indra Bhattaraka 356: 355: 187: 186: 182:Badami Chalukyas 168: 167: 76: 72: 69: 58:Chalukya Emperor 28: 27: 5607: 5606: 5602: 5601: 5600: 5598: 5597: 5596: 5562:Early Chalukyas 5552: 5551: 5550: 5545: 5507: 5468:Karnataka Ratna 5454: 5406: 5379: 5315:Jagannatha Dasa 5230:Devar Dasimayya 5191: 5167: 5160: 5153: 5146: 5139: 5132: 5125: 5118: 5111: 5104: 5097: 5090: 5083: 5065: 4962: 4890: 4843:Mysore division 4837: 4789: 4741: 4737:Chikkaballapura 4702:Bangalore Rural 4697:Bangalore Urban 4670: 4661:Vikramaditya VI 4656:Vikramaditya II 4581:Shivappa Nayaka 4566:Kadamba dynasty 4472: 4384: 4294: 4279: 4265: 4235: 4229: 4206: 4182: 4136: 4115: 4107:. Basic Books. 4077: 4015: 3975: 3954: 3930: 3911: 3906: 3905: 3896: 3895: 3891: 3883: 3879: 3871: 3867: 3859: 3842: 3834: 3830: 3822: 3818: 3810: 3806: 3798: 3791: 3784: 3768: 3764: 3756: 3752: 3744: 3735: 3727: 3720: 3712: 3708: 3700: 3693: 3685: 3681: 3673: 3669: 3661: 3652: 3644: 3640: 3632: 3628: 3620: 3616: 3608: 3601: 3593: 3589: 3581: 3577: 3569: 3565: 3557: 3553: 3545: 3541: 3533: 3529: 3521: 3512: 3504: 3495: 3487: 3483: 3475: 3471: 3463: 3459: 3451: 3447: 3439: 3435: 3427: 3420: 3412: 3408: 3400: 3393: 3385: 3372: 3364: 3355: 3347: 3340: 3332: 3321: 3313: 3304: 3296: 3292: 3284: 3271: 3263: 3259: 3251: 3244: 3236: 3232: 3224: 3215: 3207: 3200: 3192: 3188: 3180: 3176: 3168: 3164: 3156: 3152: 3144: 3137: 3129: 3120: 3112: 3108: 3100: 3096: 3088: 3079: 3071: 3062: 3054: 3047: 3039: 3030: 3022: 3015: 3007: 3000: 2992: 2988: 2973: 2969: 2961: 2950: 2942: 2938: 2930: 2917: 2910: 2896: 2892: 2885: 2871: 2867: 2859: 2848: 2840: 2836: 2828: 2824: 2816: 2812: 2804: 2800: 2792: 2783: 2775: 2766: 2758: 2751: 2743: 2739: 2731: 2718: 2710: 2706: 2698: 2675: 2667: 2660: 2652: 2641: 2633: 2629: 2621: 2612: 2604: 2600: 2592: 2588: 2580: 2576: 2568: 2553: 2545: 2541: 2533: 2526: 2518: 2507: 2494: 2490: 2482:. p. 117. 2474: 2470: 2454: 2450: 2433: 2429: 2421:. p. 219. 2415: 2414: 2410: 2402:. p. 117. 2394: 2390: 2382: 2378: 2373: 2339: 2280: 2141: 2124: 2088: 2080:Parsi Community 2064:Sasanian Empire 2039:James Fergusson 2008: 2003: 1988:Vishnu-vardhana 1940: 1878:Vishnu-vardhana 1874: 1787: 1777: 1711:Chalukya Empire 1690: 1677:Vishnu-vardhana 1649: 1606:Dakshina Kosala 1599: 1557: 1496: 1484: 1478:Vishnu-vardhana 1463: 1445: 1439: 1431:Harsha-vardhana 1427: 1421: 1367: 1343: 1335:Shilabhattarika 1299: 1279: 1245: 1239: 1216: 1180: 1167: 1126: 1112: 1075:succeeded him. 1065: 1020:Maharajadhiraja 990: 947:Vishnu-vardhana 935:Dakshina Kosala 849:Immaḍi Pulakeśi 844: 840:: Pulakeśhi r. 827: 798: 797: 738:Vikramaditya VI 671: 660: 659: 650:Vijayaditya VII 540:Vikramaditya II 480:Vijayaditya III 353: 342: 341: 322:Vikramaditya II 184: 159: 123: 119: 117: 113: 74: 70: 51:Karnatakeshwara 50: 48: 46:Maharajadhiraja 44: 42: 40: 38: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5605: 5595: 5594: 5592:Chalukya kings 5589: 5587:Hindu monarchs 5584: 5579: 5574: 5569: 5564: 5547: 5546: 5544: 5543: 5538: 5533: 5528: 5523: 5517: 5515: 5509: 5508: 5506: 5505: 5500: 5495: 5490: 5485: 5480: 5475: 5470: 5464: 5462: 5456: 5455: 5453: 5452: 5447: 5442: 5437: 5435:National parks 5432: 5427: 5422: 5416: 5414: 5408: 5407: 5405: 5404: 5399: 5393: 5391: 5381: 5380: 5378: 5377: 5372: 5370:D. V. Gundappa 5367: 5362: 5360:M. Govinda Pai 5357: 5352: 5347: 5342: 5337: 5332: 5327: 5322: 5317: 5312: 5307: 5302: 5297: 5295:Purandara Dasa 5292: 5290:Ratnakaravarni 5287: 5282: 5277: 5272: 5267: 5262: 5257: 5252: 5247: 5242: 5237: 5232: 5227: 5222: 5217: 5212: 5207: 5201: 5199: 5193: 5192: 5190: 5189: 5184: 5179: 5174: 5173: 5172: 5165: 5158: 5151: 5144: 5137: 5130: 5123: 5116: 5109: 5102: 5095: 5088: 5075: 5073: 5067: 5066: 5064: 5063: 5058: 5053: 5048: 5043: 5038: 5033: 5028: 5023: 5021:Karnatik music 5018: 5013: 5008: 5003: 4998: 4993: 4988: 4983: 4978: 4972: 4970: 4964: 4963: 4961: 4960: 4955: 4950: 4945: 4940: 4935: 4930: 4925: 4920: 4915: 4910: 4904: 4902: 4896: 4895: 4892: 4891: 4889: 4888: 4883: 4878: 4873: 4868: 4863: 4858: 4853: 4851:Chamarajanagar 4847: 4845: 4839: 4838: 4836: 4835: 4830: 4825: 4820: 4815: 4810: 4805: 4799: 4797: 4791: 4790: 4788: 4787: 4785:Uttara Kannada 4782: 4777: 4772: 4767: 4762: 4757: 4751: 4749: 4743: 4742: 4740: 4739: 4734: 4729: 4724: 4719: 4714: 4709: 4704: 4699: 4693: 4691: 4682: 4672: 4671: 4669: 4668: 4663: 4658: 4653: 4648: 4646:Vishnuvardhana 4643: 4638: 4633: 4628: 4623: 4618: 4613: 4608: 4603: 4598: 4593: 4588: 4583: 4578: 4576:Keladi Nayakas 4573: 4568: 4563: 4561:Hoysala Empire 4558: 4553: 4548: 4543: 4538: 4533: 4528: 4523: 4518: 4513: 4508: 4503: 4498: 4493: 4488: 4482: 4480: 4474: 4473: 4471: 4470: 4465: 4463:Transportation 4460: 4455: 4450: 4445: 4440: 4435: 4430: 4425: 4420: 4415: 4410: 4405: 4400: 4394: 4392: 4386: 4385: 4383: 4382: 4376: 4370: 4361: 4352: 4343: 4334: 4332:Asian elephant 4324: 4323: 4314: 4304: 4302: 4296: 4295: 4284: 4281: 4280: 4264: 4263: 4256: 4249: 4241: 4234: 4233: 4227: 4210: 4204: 4186: 4180: 4165: 4154: 4140: 4134: 4119: 4113: 4098: 4081: 4075: 4060: 4041: 4019: 4013: 4007:. SUNY Press. 3998: 3979: 3973: 3958: 3952: 3934: 3928: 3912: 3910: 3907: 3904: 3903: 3889: 3887:, p. 205. 3877: 3865: 3840: 3838:, p. 554. 3828: 3816: 3804: 3789: 3782: 3762: 3760:, p. 181. 3750: 3748:, p. 183. 3733: 3731:, p. 182. 3718: 3706: 3691: 3689:, p. 327. 3679: 3667: 3650: 3638: 3626: 3614: 3599: 3587: 3575: 3563: 3551: 3539: 3527: 3525:, p. 217. 3510: 3493: 3491:, p. 216. 3481: 3469: 3457: 3445: 3433: 3431:, p. 219. 3418: 3406: 3391: 3389:, p. 266. 3370: 3368:, p. 428. 3353: 3351:, p. 218. 3338: 3319: 3302: 3300:, p. 215. 3290: 3269: 3257: 3242: 3240:, p. 555. 3230: 3213: 3211:, p. 209. 3198: 3186: 3174: 3162: 3150: 3135: 3118: 3116:, p. 213. 3106: 3094: 3092:, p. 214. 3077: 3075:, p. 208. 3060: 3045: 3028: 3013: 2998: 2986: 2967: 2948: 2936: 2915: 2908: 2890: 2883: 2865: 2846: 2834: 2822: 2820:, p. 212. 2810: 2798: 2781: 2764: 2749: 2737: 2716: 2704: 2673: 2658: 2656:, p. 211. 2639: 2637:, p. 209. 2627: 2610: 2608:, p. 246. 2598: 2586: 2574: 2572:, p. 207. 2551: 2549:, p. 279. 2539: 2524: 2505: 2488: 2468: 2448: 2427: 2408: 2388: 2386:, p. 134. 2375: 2374: 2372: 2369: 2368: 2367: 2361: 2355: 2350: 2345: 2338: 2335: 2318: 2317: 2300: 2284: 2279: 2276: 2275: 2274: 2271: 2268: 2260: 2259: 2232:Godavari River 2217: 2205: 2202: 2199: 2196: 2193: 2186: 2183:Paramaveshvara 2179: 2176: 2173: 2170: 2167: 2164: 2160: 2140: 2137: 2123: 2120: 2092:Shaivite Hindu 2087: 2084: 2007: 2004: 2002: 1999: 1939: 1936: 1935: 1934: 1928: 1925:Vikramaditya I 1922: 1918: 1908: 1873: 1870: 1776: 1773: 1689: 1686: 1648: 1645: 1637:Andhra Pradesh 1598: 1595: 1565:Harsha-charita 1556: 1553: 1513:Rajya-vardhana 1495: 1492: 1469:Vikramaditya I 1438: 1435: 1420: 1417: 1383:Harshavardhana 1366: 1363: 1342: 1339: 1318:Vikramaditya I 1298: 1295: 1278: 1275: 1241:Main article: 1238: 1235: 1215: 1212: 1179: 1176: 1166: 1163: 1111: 1108: 1064: 1061: 989: 986: 927:Harshavardhana 922:in the north. 876:Kirttivarman I 829: 828: 826: 825: 818: 811: 803: 800: 799: 794: 793: 790: 784: 783: 780: 774: 773: 770: 764: 763: 760: 754: 753: 750: 748:Someshvara III 744: 743: 740: 734: 733: 730: 724: 723: 720: 714: 713: 710: 704: 703: 700: 698:Vikramaditya V 694: 693: 690: 684: 683: 680: 672: 666: 665: 662: 661: 656: 655: 652: 646: 645: 642: 636: 635: 632: 626: 625: 622: 620:Shaktivarman I 616: 615: 612: 606: 605: 602: 596: 595: 592: 586: 585: 582: 576: 575: 572: 566: 565: 562: 560:Yuddhamalla II 556: 555: 552: 546: 545: 542: 536: 535: 532: 526: 525: 522: 516: 515: 512: 506: 505: 502: 500:Vijayaditya IV 496: 495: 492: 486: 485: 482: 476: 475: 472: 466: 465: 462: 460:Vijayaditya II 456: 455: 452: 446: 445: 442: 436: 435: 432: 426: 425: 422: 416: 415: 412: 406: 405: 402: 400:Mangi Yuvaraja 396: 395: 392: 386: 385: 382: 376: 375: 372: 366: 365: 362: 354: 348: 347: 344: 343: 338: 337: 334: 332:Kirtivarman II 328: 327: 324: 318: 317: 314: 308: 307: 304: 298: 297: 294: 292:Vikramaditya I 288: 287: 284: 277: 276: 273: 267: 266: 263: 257: 256: 253: 247: 246: 243: 237: 236: 233: 227: 226: 223: 221:Kirttivarman I 217: 216: 213: 207: 206: 203: 197: 196: 193: 185: 179: 178: 175: 174: 164: 163: 154: 150: 149: 147:Kirttivarman I 144: 140: 139: 134: 128: 127: 121:Vikramaditya I 108: 102: 101: 98: 97: 92: 88: 87: 82: 78: 77: 65: 61: 60: 54: 53: 33: 32: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5604: 5593: 5590: 5588: 5585: 5583: 5580: 5578: 5577:Indian Hindus 5575: 5573: 5570: 5568: 5565: 5563: 5560: 5559: 5557: 5542: 5539: 5537: 5534: 5532: 5529: 5527: 5524: 5522: 5519: 5518: 5516: 5514: 5510: 5504: 5501: 5499: 5496: 5494: 5491: 5489: 5486: 5484: 5481: 5479: 5476: 5474: 5471: 5469: 5466: 5465: 5463: 5461: 5457: 5451: 5448: 5446: 5443: 5441: 5440:Hindu temples 5438: 5436: 5433: 5431: 5428: 5426: 5423: 5421: 5418: 5417: 5415: 5413: 5409: 5403: 5400: 5398: 5395: 5394: 5392: 5390: 5386: 5382: 5376: 5373: 5371: 5368: 5366: 5363: 5361: 5358: 5356: 5353: 5351: 5348: 5346: 5343: 5341: 5338: 5336: 5333: 5331: 5328: 5326: 5323: 5321: 5318: 5316: 5313: 5311: 5308: 5306: 5303: 5301: 5298: 5296: 5293: 5291: 5288: 5286: 5283: 5281: 5278: 5276: 5273: 5271: 5268: 5266: 5263: 5261: 5258: 5256: 5253: 5251: 5248: 5246: 5245:Allama Prabhu 5243: 5241: 5240:Akka Mahadevi 5238: 5236: 5233: 5231: 5228: 5226: 5223: 5221: 5218: 5216: 5215:Adikavi Pampa 5213: 5211: 5208: 5206: 5203: 5202: 5200: 5198: 5194: 5188: 5185: 5183: 5180: 5178: 5175: 5170: 5166: 5163: 5159: 5156: 5152: 5149: 5145: 5142: 5138: 5135: 5131: 5128: 5124: 5121: 5117: 5114: 5113:Western Ganga 5110: 5107: 5103: 5100: 5096: 5093: 5089: 5086: 5082: 5081: 5080: 5077: 5076: 5074: 5072: 5068: 5062: 5059: 5057: 5054: 5052: 5049: 5047: 5046:Udupi cuisine 5044: 5042: 5039: 5037: 5036:Mysore Dasara 5034: 5032: 5029: 5027: 5024: 5022: 5019: 5017: 5014: 5012: 5009: 5007: 5004: 5002: 5001:Gaarudi Gombe 4999: 4997: 4994: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4976:Bharatanatyam 4974: 4973: 4971: 4969: 4965: 4959: 4958:Western Ghats 4956: 4954: 4951: 4949: 4946: 4944: 4941: 4939: 4938:Highest point 4936: 4934: 4931: 4929: 4926: 4924: 4921: 4919: 4916: 4914: 4911: 4909: 4906: 4905: 4903: 4901: 4897: 4887: 4884: 4882: 4879: 4877: 4874: 4872: 4869: 4867: 4864: 4862: 4859: 4857: 4854: 4852: 4849: 4848: 4846: 4844: 4840: 4834: 4831: 4829: 4826: 4824: 4821: 4819: 4816: 4814: 4811: 4809: 4806: 4804: 4801: 4800: 4798: 4796: 4792: 4786: 4783: 4781: 4778: 4776: 4773: 4771: 4768: 4766: 4763: 4761: 4758: 4756: 4753: 4752: 4750: 4748: 4744: 4738: 4735: 4733: 4730: 4728: 4725: 4723: 4720: 4718: 4715: 4713: 4710: 4708: 4705: 4703: 4700: 4698: 4695: 4694: 4692: 4690: 4686: 4683: 4681: 4677: 4673: 4667: 4664: 4662: 4659: 4657: 4654: 4652: 4649: 4647: 4644: 4642: 4639: 4637: 4634: 4632: 4629: 4627: 4624: 4622: 4621:Srirangapatna 4619: 4617: 4614: 4612: 4609: 4607: 4606:Pulakeshin II 4604: 4602: 4599: 4597: 4594: 4592: 4589: 4587: 4584: 4582: 4579: 4577: 4574: 4572: 4569: 4567: 4564: 4562: 4559: 4557: 4554: 4552: 4549: 4547: 4544: 4542: 4539: 4537: 4534: 4532: 4529: 4527: 4524: 4522: 4519: 4517: 4514: 4512: 4509: 4507: 4504: 4502: 4499: 4497: 4494: 4492: 4491:Alupa dynasty 4489: 4487: 4484: 4483: 4481: 4479: 4475: 4469: 4466: 4464: 4461: 4459: 4456: 4454: 4451: 4449: 4446: 4444: 4441: 4439: 4436: 4434: 4431: 4429: 4426: 4424: 4421: 4419: 4416: 4414: 4411: 4409: 4406: 4404: 4401: 4399: 4396: 4395: 4393: 4391: 4387: 4381: 4377: 4375: 4374:Carnatic carp 4371: 4369: 4365: 4362: 4360: 4356: 4353: 4351: 4347: 4344: 4342: 4341:Indian roller 4338: 4335: 4333: 4329: 4326: 4325: 4322: 4318: 4315: 4313: 4309: 4306: 4305: 4303: 4301: 4300:State symbols 4297: 4293: 4292: 4287: 4282: 4278: 4274: 4270: 4262: 4257: 4255: 4250: 4248: 4243: 4242: 4239: 4230: 4228:90-04-14832-9 4224: 4220: 4216: 4211: 4207: 4201: 4197: 4196: 4191: 4190:Upinder Singh 4187: 4183: 4177: 4173: 4172: 4166: 4162: 4161: 4155: 4151: 4150: 4145: 4141: 4137: 4131: 4127: 4126: 4120: 4116: 4110: 4106: 4105: 4099: 4095: 4091: 4087: 4082: 4078: 4072: 4068: 4067: 4061: 4057: 4053: 4049: 4048: 4042: 4038: 4034: 4030: 4029: 4024: 4020: 4016: 4010: 4006: 4005: 3999: 3995: 3991: 3987: 3986: 3980: 3976: 3970: 3966: 3965: 3959: 3955: 3949: 3945: 3944: 3939: 3938:Abraham Eraly 3935: 3931: 3925: 3921: 3920: 3914: 3913: 3899: 3893: 3886: 3881: 3874: 3869: 3863:, p. 69. 3862: 3857: 3855: 3853: 3851: 3849: 3847: 3845: 3837: 3832: 3826:, p. 90. 3825: 3820: 3814:, p. 40. 3813: 3808: 3801: 3796: 3794: 3785: 3779: 3775: 3774: 3766: 3759: 3754: 3747: 3742: 3740: 3738: 3730: 3725: 3723: 3715: 3710: 3704:, p. 98. 3703: 3698: 3696: 3688: 3683: 3677:, p. 59. 3676: 3671: 3665:, p. 73. 3664: 3659: 3657: 3655: 3647: 3642: 3635: 3630: 3623: 3618: 3612:, p. 95. 3611: 3606: 3604: 3596: 3591: 3585:, p. 99. 3584: 3579: 3573:, p. 97. 3572: 3567: 3560: 3555: 3548: 3543: 3536: 3531: 3524: 3519: 3517: 3515: 3508:, p. 96. 3507: 3502: 3500: 3498: 3490: 3485: 3478: 3473: 3467:, p. 93. 3466: 3461: 3454: 3449: 3442: 3437: 3430: 3425: 3423: 3415: 3410: 3403: 3398: 3396: 3388: 3383: 3381: 3379: 3377: 3375: 3367: 3362: 3360: 3358: 3350: 3345: 3343: 3336:, p. 92. 3335: 3330: 3328: 3326: 3324: 3317:, p. 94. 3316: 3311: 3309: 3307: 3299: 3294: 3288:, p. 91. 3287: 3282: 3280: 3278: 3276: 3274: 3266: 3261: 3255:, p. 90. 3254: 3249: 3247: 3239: 3234: 3227: 3222: 3220: 3218: 3210: 3205: 3203: 3195: 3190: 3184:, p. 86. 3183: 3178: 3171: 3166: 3159: 3154: 3148:, p. 82. 3147: 3142: 3140: 3133:, p. 81. 3132: 3127: 3125: 3123: 3115: 3110: 3104:, p. 83. 3103: 3098: 3091: 3086: 3084: 3082: 3074: 3069: 3067: 3065: 3057: 3052: 3050: 3043:, p. 80. 3042: 3037: 3035: 3033: 3026:, p. 78. 3025: 3020: 3018: 3011:, p. 79. 3010: 3005: 3003: 2995: 2990: 2982: 2978: 2971: 2965:, p. 77. 2964: 2959: 2957: 2955: 2953: 2945: 2940: 2934:, p. 76. 2933: 2928: 2926: 2924: 2922: 2920: 2911: 2909:9788185126463 2905: 2901: 2894: 2886: 2880: 2876: 2869: 2863:, p. 75. 2862: 2857: 2855: 2853: 2851: 2844:, p. 74. 2843: 2838: 2831: 2826: 2819: 2814: 2808:, p. 73. 2807: 2802: 2796:, p. 58. 2795: 2790: 2788: 2786: 2779:, p. 72. 2778: 2773: 2771: 2769: 2762:, p. 51. 2761: 2756: 2754: 2746: 2741: 2735:, p. 71. 2734: 2729: 2727: 2725: 2723: 2721: 2713: 2708: 2702:, p. 70. 2701: 2696: 2694: 2692: 2690: 2688: 2686: 2684: 2682: 2680: 2678: 2670: 2665: 2663: 2655: 2650: 2648: 2646: 2644: 2636: 2631: 2625:, p. 59. 2624: 2619: 2617: 2615: 2607: 2602: 2595: 2590: 2584:, p. 76. 2583: 2578: 2571: 2566: 2564: 2562: 2560: 2558: 2556: 2548: 2543: 2537:, p. 77. 2536: 2531: 2529: 2522:, p. 68. 2521: 2516: 2514: 2512: 2510: 2501: 2500: 2492: 2485: 2481: 2480: 2472: 2465: 2461: 2460: 2452: 2445: 2440: 2439: 2431: 2424: 2420: 2419: 2412: 2405: 2401: 2400: 2392: 2385: 2380: 2376: 2365: 2362: 2359: 2356: 2354: 2351: 2349: 2346: 2344: 2341: 2340: 2330: 2322: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2306: 2301: 2298: 2294: 2293: 2289: 2288:Kannada film 2285: 2282: 2281: 2272: 2269: 2265: 2264: 2263: 2257: 2253: 2252:full-moon day 2249: 2248:Brahmi script 2245: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2222: 2218: 2215: 2210: 2209:Peddavaduguru 2206: 2203: 2200: 2197: 2194: 2191: 2187: 2184: 2180: 2177: 2174: 2171: 2168: 2165: 2161: 2158: 2154: 2153: 2152: 2145: 2136: 2134: 2130: 2119: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2093: 2083: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2065: 2060: 2057: 2053: 2048: 2044: 2043:Ajanta Cave 1 2040: 2035: 2033: 2030: 2026: 2018: 2012: 1998: 1996: 1991: 1989: 1985: 1984:Vishnukundins 1980: 1978: 1974: 1968: 1966: 1960: 1957: 1949: 1944: 1932: 1929: 1926: 1923: 1921:Vikramaditya. 1919: 1916: 1912: 1909: 1907:(c.645–646?). 1906: 1905:Abhinavaditya 1901: 1897: 1893: 1890: 1889: 1888: 1885: 1883: 1879: 1869: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1850: 1846: 1843: 1839: 1835: 1834:Peddavaduguru 1830: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1814: 1811: 1810:Vishnukundins 1807: 1803: 1795: 1791: 1786: 1782: 1772: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1745:Bharukachchha 1742: 1737: 1735: 1731: 1730:war elephants 1727: 1722: 1720: 1714: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1695: 1685: 1681: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1664: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1644: 1642: 1638: 1635:and northern 1634: 1630: 1625: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1608:(present-day 1607: 1602: 1594: 1592: 1587: 1582: 1580: 1575: 1573: 1568: 1566: 1562: 1552: 1550: 1549:Narmada River 1544: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1528: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1501: 1491: 1488: 1485: 618 CE 1479: 1473: 1470: 1464: 612 CE 1458: 1454: 1449: 1446: 615 CE 1434: 1432: 1426: 1416: 1414: 1409: 1407: 1403: 1398: 1396: 1390: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1362: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1338: 1336: 1332: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1310: 1308: 1304: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1284: 1274: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1260:, to capture 1259: 1255: 1251: 1244: 1234: 1232: 1227: 1225: 1221: 1211: 1209: 1204: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1175: 1173: 1162: 1160: 1156: 1155: 1150: 1146: 1145:solar eclipse 1141: 1139: 1135: 1130: 1121: 1117: 1114:Pulakeshin's 1107: 1105: 1100: 1099:Peddavaduguru 1095: 1093: 1087: 1085: 1081: 1076: 1074: 1070: 1069:Kirthivarma I 1060: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1045: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1034:Shri-vallabha 1031: 1027: 1026: 1021: 1017: 1012: 1010: 1005: 1003: 999: 998:Peddavaduguru 995: 985: 983: 979: 975: 971: 966: 964: 960: 956: 952: 948: 944: 943:Vishnukundina 940: 936: 932: 928: 923: 921: 917: 913: 909: 905: 901: 897: 893: 889: 885: 881: 877: 872: 870: 866: 862: 858: 854: 850: 839: 835: 824: 819: 817: 812: 810: 805: 804: 802: 801: 791: 789: 788:Someshvara IV 786: 785: 781: 779: 776: 775: 771: 769: 766: 765: 761: 759: 756: 755: 751: 749: 746: 745: 741: 739: 736: 735: 731: 729: 728:Someshvara II 726: 725: 721: 719: 716: 715: 711: 709: 706: 705: 701: 699: 696: 695: 691: 689: 686: 685: 681: 679: 676: 675: 670: 664: 663: 653: 651: 648: 647: 643: 641: 638: 637: 633: 631: 628: 627: 623: 621: 618: 617: 613: 611: 608: 607: 603: 601: 598: 597: 593: 591: 588: 587: 583: 581: 578: 577: 573: 571: 568: 567: 563: 561: 558: 557: 553: 551: 548: 547: 543: 541: 538: 537: 533: 531: 528: 527: 523: 521: 518: 517: 513: 511: 508: 507: 503: 501: 498: 497: 493: 491: 488: 487: 483: 481: 478: 477: 473: 471: 468: 467: 463: 461: 458: 457: 453: 451: 448: 447: 443: 441: 438: 437: 433: 431: 428: 427: 423: 421: 418: 417: 413: 411: 408: 407: 403: 401: 398: 397: 393: 391: 388: 387: 383: 381: 378: 377: 373: 371: 368: 367: 363: 361: 358: 357: 352: 346: 345: 335: 333: 330: 329: 325: 323: 320: 319: 315: 313: 310: 309: 305: 303: 300: 299: 295: 293: 290: 289: 285: 282: 279: 278: 274: 272: 269: 268: 264: 262: 261:Abhinavaditya 259: 258: 254: 252: 249: 248: 244: 242: 241:Pulakeshin II 239: 238: 234: 232: 229: 228: 224: 222: 219: 218: 214: 212: 209: 208: 204: 202: 199: 198: 194: 192: 189: 188: 183: 177: 176: 173: 170: 169: 162: 158: 155: 151: 148: 145: 141: 138: 135: 133: 129: 126: 122: 116: 112: 109: 107: 103: 99: 96: 93: 89: 86: 83: 79: 75: 642 CE 66: 62: 59: 55: 52: 49:Parameshvara 47: 34: 29: 26: 22: 5445:Jain temples 5340:D. R. Bendre 5275:Kumara Vyasa 5134:Vijayanagara 4943:Bayalu Seeme 4828:Vijayanagara 4641:Vijayanagara 4605: 4596:Mayurasharma 4531:Deva Raya II 4496:Amoghavarsha 4398:Architecture 4289: 4218: 4194: 4170: 4159: 4148: 4124: 4103: 4093: 4089: 4065: 4046: 4027: 4003: 3984: 3963: 3942: 3918: 3909:Bibliography 3892: 3880: 3868: 3831: 3819: 3807: 3802:, p. 3. 3772: 3765: 3753: 3709: 3682: 3670: 3641: 3629: 3617: 3590: 3578: 3566: 3554: 3542: 3530: 3484: 3472: 3460: 3448: 3436: 3409: 3404:, p. 7. 3293: 3260: 3233: 3189: 3177: 3165: 3153: 3109: 3097: 2989: 2980: 2970: 2939: 2899: 2893: 2874: 2868: 2837: 2825: 2813: 2801: 2740: 2707: 2630: 2601: 2589: 2577: 2542: 2498: 2491: 2483: 2478: 2471: 2463: 2458: 2451: 2442: 2437: 2430: 2422: 2417: 2411: 2403: 2398: 2391: 2379: 2303: 2297:Dr. Rajkumar 2290: 2261: 2207:The undated 2189: 2182: 2150: 2139:Inscriptions 2125: 2089: 2061: 2036: 2022: 1992: 1981: 1969: 1965:D. C. Sircar 1961: 1953: 1911:Chandraditya 1892:Adityavarman 1886: 1875: 1851: 1847: 1832:The undated 1831: 1815: 1799: 1793: 1769:smeared dust 1765:Ajanta Caves 1738: 1723: 1715: 1691: 1682: 1665: 1657:Kolleru Lake 1650: 1626: 1622:D. C. Sircar 1612:and western 1610:Chhattisgarh 1603: 1600: 1583: 1579:Rashtrakutas 1576: 1569: 1564: 1560: 1558: 1545: 1532:Later Guptas 1529: 1497: 1489: 1474: 1453:K. V. Ramesh 1450: 1440: 1428: 1410: 1399: 1391: 1368: 1344: 1311: 1300: 1291: 1287: 1280: 1246: 1228: 1217: 1207: 1205: 1181: 1168: 1152: 1142: 1137: 1131: 1113: 1097:The undated 1096: 1088: 1077: 1066: 1057:Parameshvara 1056: 1046: 1038:Parameshvara 1037: 1033: 1029: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1013: 1008: 1006: 1002:K. V. Ramesh 991: 967: 924: 873: 848: 834:Pulakeshi II 833: 832: 718:Someshvara I 708:Jayasimha II 410:Jayasimha II 271:Chandraditya 251:Adityavarman 240: 211:Pulakeshin I 115:Chandraditya 111:Adityavarman 95:Adityavarman 39:Satyashraya 36: 31:Pulakeshi II 25: 5567:640s deaths 5473:Pampa Award 5310:Gopala Dasa 5305:Vijaya Dasa 5300:Kanaka Dasa 5265:Rudrabhatta 5210:Gunavarma I 5197:Noted poets 5106:Rashtrakuta 4856:Chikmagalur 4732:Ramanagara 4707:Chitradurga 4626:Tipu Sultan 3988:. Abhinav. 2068:Zoroastrian 2045:depicted a 1819:Kanchipuram 1618:Panduvamshi 1189:Maharashtra 1063:Early years 768:Tailapa III 688:Satyashraya 630:Vimaladitya 370:Jayasimha I 312:Vijayaditya 302:Vinayaditya 161:Vaishnavism 81:Predecessor 43:Bhattaraka 5556:Categories 5536:Television 5526:Newspapers 5450:Waterfalls 5260:Raghavanka 5250:Siddharama 5085:Milestones 5071:Literature 5056:Yakshagana 5006:Ilkal sari 4813:Kalaburagi 4712:Davanagere 4601:Pattadakal 4418:Demography 4359:Sandalwood 4096:: 205–209. 2444:mahimnam). 2371:References 2308:(1948) by 2214:Mangalesha 2032:Khosrow II 1872:Succession 1842:Early life 1779:See also: 1734:front line 1653:Pishtapura 1423:See also: 1387:Kalachuris 1377:, and the 1127: 610 1073:Mangalesha 1016:Bhattaraka 918:, and the 880:Mangalesha 867:region in 845: 610 678:Tailapa II 667:Kalyani / 231:Mangalesha 85:Mangalesha 73: – c. 71: 610 5531:Magazines 5320:Lakshmisa 5280:Chamarasa 5220:Sri Ponna 5187:Karnataka 5051:Veeragase 4986:Bidriware 4981:Buta Kola 4913:Districts 4900:Geography 4680:divisions 4676:Districts 4536:Durvinita 4511:Balligavi 4438:Geography 4433:Folk arts 4428:Education 4390:Overviews 4291:Bengaluru 4277:Karnataka 4221:. BRILL. 4056:567370037 4037:174404606 2295:starring 2286:The 1967 2256:Vaishakha 2228:prashasti 2025:Al-Tabari 1806:Chalukyas 1726:Kshatriya 1703:see above 1355:Gharapuri 1326:Kongunadu 1314:Durvinita 1157:) of the 1129:–611 CE. 1116:Hyderabad 1053:Al-Tabari 861:Karnataka 792:1184–1200 782:1163–1183 772:1151–1164 762:1138–1151 752:1126–1138 742:1076–1126 732:1068–1076 722:1042–1068 712:1015–1042 702:1008–1015 654:1061-1075 644:1019–1061 634:1011–1018 624:1000–1011 600:Danarnava 191:Jayasimha 180:Vatapi / 91:Successor 5325:Sarvajna 5255:Harihara 5148:Haridasa 5099:Medieval 4948:Malenadu 4933:Villages 4760:Belagavi 4755:Bagalkot 4727:Tumakuru 4616:Sringeri 4541:Halebidu 4506:Banavasi 4468:Wildlife 4378:Insect: 4192:(2008). 4146:(1980). 3940:(2011). 2337:See also 2221:Kaushika 2157:Mahadeva 2133:Kalidasa 2108:Hinayana 2104:Mahayana 2100:Buddhist 2096:Xuanzang 2047:Sasanian 1977:Khandesh 1956:Xuanzang 1827:Pullalur 1802:Pallavas 1759:emperor 1694:Xuanzang 1669:Godavari 1591:Vindhyas 1572:Xuanzang 1540:Maitraka 1517:Maukhari 1379:Gurjaras 1349:(modern 1322:Pallavas 1224:Banavasi 1220:Kadambas 1159:Jyeshtha 1154:amavasya 1149:new moon 1049:Xuanzang 1030:Vallabha 978:Buddhism 959:Pallavas 931:Xuanzang 920:Gurjaras 900:Talakadu 894:and the 888:Banavasi 884:Kadambas 692:997–1008 550:Bhima II 349:Vengi / 283:(regent) 201:Ranaraga 153:Religion 5420:Beaches 5412:Tourism 5389:society 5365:Kuvempu 5141:Vachana 5127:Hoysala 5079:Kannada 5016:Kannada 5011:Kamsale 4968:Culture 4823:Raichur 4803:Ballari 4770:Dharwad 4765:Bijapur 4722:Shimoga 4551:Halmidi 4478:History 4443:History 4423:Economy 4413:Cuisine 4408:Climate 4286:Capital 3994:8313041 2254:in the 2236:Paithan 2190:vishaya 2185:on him. 2076:Islamic 1973:Konkana 1896:Kurnool 1838:vishaya 1757:Mauryan 1707:Pallava 1673:Krishna 1629:Kalinga 1521:Gurjara 1375:Malavas 1359:Janjira 1307:Talakad 1270:Bahrayn 1262:Bahrayn 1147:on the 1092:Lakshmi 939:Kalinga 916:Malavas 682:957–997 614:973–999 604:970–973 584:947–970 580:Amma II 574:935–947 564:928–935 544:927–928 514:921–927 494:892–921 484:849–892 474:847–849 464:808–847 454:772–808 444:755–772 434:719–755 420:Kokkili 414:706–718 404:682–706 394:673–682 374:641–673 364:624–641 336:746–753 326:733–746 316:696–733 306:680–696 296:655–680 286:650-655 275:646-649 265:645-646 255:643-645 245:609–642 235:597–609 225:566–597 215:540–566 205:520-540 195:500-520 157:Jainism 132:Dynasty 5521:Cinema 5460:Awards 5385:People 5235:Basava 5169:Modern 5155:Mysore 5031:Khedda 5026:Kasuti 4953:Kanara 4928:Taluks 4918:Rivers 4881:Mysore 4876:Mandya 4871:Kodagu 4866:Hassan 4833:Yadgir 4818:Koppal 4775:Haveri 4501:Badami 4486:Aihole 4458:Sports 4453:People 4403:Cinema 4372:Fish: 4346:Flower 4328:Animal 4308:Emblem 4225: 4202: 4178: 4132: 4111: 4073: 4054: 4035: 4011: 3992: 3971: 3950: 3926: 3780: 2906: 2881: 2163:grant. 2056:Buddha 2052:Jataka 2017:Ajanta 1858:Vatapi 1808:. The 1761:Ashoka 1753:stupas 1749:Nashik 1699:Harsha 1633:Odisha 1614:Odisha 1561:harsha 1555:Result 1373:, the 1351:Konkan 1303:Gangas 1283:Alupas 1277:Alupas 1231:Alupas 1106:king. 1042:Harsha 1032:, and 1009:biruda 980:, and 914:, the 906:. His 896:Gangas 892:Alupas 865:Deccan 857:Vatapi 590:Tala I 530:Tala I 510:Amma I 143:Father 5541:Radio 5513:Media 5430:Forts 5270:Janna 5225:Ranna 5205:Asaga 5092:Epics 4886:Udupi 4808:Bidar 4780:Gadag 4717:Kolar 4556:Hampi 4516:Belur 4448:Media 4368:Mango 4364:Fruit 4350:Lotus 4273:State 4094:XCIII 2238:, in 2224:gotra 2129:Bhasa 1743:from 1536:Malwa 1402:Malwa 1395:Kheda 1371:Latas 1258:Sakif 1254:Usman 1208:bheda 1185:Bhima 1151:day ( 1120:Shaka 970:Jaina 955:Vengi 912:Latas 106:Issue 64:Reign 5425:Dams 5387:and 5162:Play 4678:and 4355:Tree 4337:Bird 4317:Song 4223:ISBN 4200:ISBN 4176:ISBN 4130:ISBN 4109:ISBN 4071:ISBN 4052:OCLC 4033:OCLC 4009:ISBN 3990:OCLC 3969:ISBN 3948:ISBN 3924:ISBN 3778:ISBN 2904:ISBN 2879:ISBN 2131:and 2112:Jain 2106:and 2072:Arab 1995:Lata 1800:The 1783:and 1719:duel 1577:The 1509:Bana 1455:and 1437:Date 1266:Oman 1264:and 1201:Nala 1104:Bana 1018:and 994:IAST 937:and 838:IAST 4275:of 1361:). 1305:of 1222:of 1134:Goa 953:of 898:of 886:of 594:970 554:928 534:927 524:927 504:921 424:719 384:673 5558:: 4366:: 4357:: 4348:: 4339:: 4330:: 4319:: 4310:: 4288:: 4217:. 4092:. 4088:. 3843:^ 3792:^ 3736:^ 3721:^ 3694:^ 3653:^ 3602:^ 3513:^ 3496:^ 3421:^ 3394:^ 3373:^ 3356:^ 3341:^ 3322:^ 3305:^ 3272:^ 3245:^ 3216:^ 3201:^ 3138:^ 3121:^ 3080:^ 3063:^ 3048:^ 3031:^ 3016:^ 3001:^ 2979:. 2951:^ 2918:^ 2902:. 2877:. 2849:^ 2784:^ 2767:^ 2752:^ 2719:^ 2676:^ 2661:^ 2642:^ 2613:^ 2554:^ 2527:^ 2508:^ 2135:. 2082:. 1868:. 1741:li 1482:c. 1461:c. 1443:c. 1337:. 1124:c. 1059:. 1028:, 976:, 965:. 871:. 842:c. 68:c. 4260:e 4253:t 4246:v 4231:. 4208:. 4184:. 4138:. 4117:. 4079:. 4058:. 4039:. 4017:. 3996:. 3977:. 3956:. 3932:. 3786:. 2983:. 2912:. 2887:. 2159:. 2074:- 1950:. 1701:( 1671:- 836:( 822:e 815:t 808:v 23:.

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index