1801:
1105:(the goddess of fortune). Therefore, Pulakeshin, decided to go into exile. Subsequently, Mangalesha became weak "on all sides" as Pulakeshin applied his "gifts of good counsel and energy". Ultimately, Mangalesha had to abandon three things simultaneously: his attempt to secure the throne for his own son (or his ability to perpetuate his own descent), his kingdom, and his own life. The above description suggests that when Pulakeshin became an adult, Mangalesha rejected his claim to the throne and possibly appointed his own son as the heir apparent. Pulakeshin went into exile, during which he must have planned an attack on Mangalesha; he ultimately defeated and killed Mangalesha.
1585:, who calls Pulakeshin's kingdom Mo-ho-la-cha (the Chinese transcription of "Maharashtra"), provides evidence of Pulakeshin's success against Harsha. Xuanzang states that Shiladitya (that is, Harsha) had conquered the nations from east to west, and had marched with his army to remote parts of India: only the people of Mo-ho-la-cha had refused to accept his suzerainty. Xuanzang further states that Harsha gathered troops from different parts of his kingdom, summoned his best commanders, and led the army to punish the people of Mo-ho-la-cha, but could not subjugate them.
2155:
1320:, who had matrimonial ties with the Kadambas. The Mahakuta pillar inscription of his predecessor Mangalesha states his father Kirttivarman also subjugated the Gangas. It is possible that the Gangas accepted the Chalukya suzerainty during Kirttivarman's reign, but subsequently gave up this allegiance taking advantage of the war of succession between Mangalesha and Pulakeshin. After Pulakeshin's victory over the Kadambas, the Gangas again accepted the Chalukya suzerainty, possibly without any military conflict.
2340:
4280:
2332:
1954:
2022:
1151:, was probably issued during the reign of Pulakeshin's predecessor Mangalesha. It is dated to the Shaka year 532: assuming it was issued after 532 years of the Shaka era had expired, the date of issue was 4 January 611 CE. However, if we assume that it was issued when the 532rd year of the Shaka era was current, it can be dated to 5 July 610 CE. Based on this inscription, the end of Mangalesha's reign is variously dated to 610 CE or 611 CE.
1928:, which accord him imperial titles, but are dated in the regnal years of his wife. It is possible that Chandraditya held the throne after Abhinavaditya, and after his death, his wife acted as a regent for their minor son (c.649–655). His brother Vikramaditya I, appears to have restored Chalukya power as the supreme commander of the Chalukya army during this period, becoming the de facto ruler in the process.
1296:, who had earlier served as Kadamba vassals. However, according to the Chalukya inscriptions, the Alupas had already been subjugated by Pulakeshin's predecessors. Therefore, it appears that the Aihole inscription simply refers to Pulakeshin reaffirming the Chalukya suzerainty over the Alupas. Another possibility is that the Alupas had not been completely subdued by the Pulakeshin's predecessors.
1093:, who claimed descent from the Chalukyas of Vatapi, state that Mangalesha "took upon himself the burden of administration" because Pulakeshin was a minor. However, these inscriptions also wrongly claim that Mangalesha returned the kingdom to Pulakeshin when Pulakeshin grew up, praising the Chalukya lineage for such exemplary behaviour. This claim is contradicted by Pulakeshin's own
1364:), who ruled in the coastal region of present-day Goa and Maharashtra. The Mauryas acknowledged the Chalukya suzerainty during Mangalesha's reign, but seem to have declared independence during the Chalukya war of succession. After consolidating his power in southern Deccan, Pulakeshin successfully besieged the Mauryan capital Puri, which is variously identified as
1237:, but the Kadambas no longer recognized the Chalukya suzerainty during his reign. Pulakeshin marched against them, and besieged their capital of Banavasi. The Aihole inscription suggests that the Kadambas put up a strong resistance, but were ultimately defeated. The Kadamba ruler at this time was probably Bhogivarman.
1973:
After his victory over Harsha, Pulakeshin appears to have acquired control of a large part of western Deccan to the south of the
Narmada river. The Aihole inscription states that he gained control of the "three Maharashtrakas" which included 99,000 villages. The identity of these "three Maharashtras"
1969:
attests that
Pulakeshin ruled an extensive, militarily powerful and economically prosperous Empire through several loyal vassals. The Aihole inscription states that Pulakeshin's Empire was bound by the oceans on three sides, suggesting that he ruled a vast portion of the Indian peninsula to the south
1299:
The location of the core Alupa territory during
Pulakeshin's period is not certain. Alupas are known to have been ruling in the Dakshina Kannada region of Karnataka for several centuries, but some scholars believe that their capital was located at Humcha in the Shimoga district. After subjugating the
1599:
beside the
Narmada River, because they "by their bulk, rivalled the mountains". Historian K. A. Nilakanta Sastri interprets to mean that Pulakeshin "did not send his elephant forces into the difficult Vindhya terrain", and guarded the passes with infantry. According to Shreenand L. Bapat and Pradeep
2277:
The
Kandalgaon copper-plate inscription, dated to Pulakeshin's fifth regnal year, records the grant of the Pirigipa village on Revati island. It is considered spurious because its script features irregular characters and its language is very inaccurate. Additionally, its seal and opening matter are
1303:
If "Aluka" is considered a variant of "Alupa", the
Marutura inscription suggests that the Alupa vassals of Pulakeshin also ruled over the Guntur district in present-day Andhra Pradesh. According to this inscription, the Aluka ruler Gunasagara, who was a Chalukya vassal, was appointed to govern this
1112:
inscription records
Pulakeshin's grant of the Elpattu Simbhige village after his subjugation of Ranavikrama. According to one theory, this Ranavikrama was Mangalesha, who bore the title "Ranavikrama", and who was defeated by Mangalesha in a battle fought at Elpattu Simbhige. However, another theory
1553:
influence in the Malwa region must have attracted Harsha's attention. The
Maitraka ruler Shiladitya I may have sympathized with Pulakeshin's cause during the latter's northern campaign against the Latas, the Malavas, and the Gurjaras. This situation ultimately resulted in a conflict between Harsha
1403:
The Lata region (present-day southern
Gujarat) was formerly under the control of the Kalachuris, who had been defeated by Mangalesha. Pulakeshin, who appears to have annexed Lata to the Chalukya kingdom, placed it under the governorship of a member of the Chalukya family. The rule of the Chalukya
1283:
and himself proceeded to Oman. Upon reaching Oman, Usman sent a naval expedition to capture Thana on the western coast of India. The Arab-Islamic naval expedition was successfully repulsed by the
Imperial Chalukyan Navy under Pulakeshin II and they returned to Oman. The first Arab-Islamic raid on
1486:
Scholars Shreenand L. Bapat and Pradeep S. Sohoni date the battle to the winter of 618–619 CE. These scholars note that the Bijapur-Mumbai grant inscription, dated 4 April 619 CE, mentions Pulakeshin's victory over Harsha, which proves that the conflict definitely took place sometime before this
1727:
Xuanzang describes Pulakeshin ("Po-le-ke-she") as "a man of farsighted resource and astuteness who extends kindness to all". The emperor's subjects were "tall and sturdy in nature and... proud and carefree by nature... grateful for kindness and revengeful for injustice". They preferred death to
2060:
embassy to Pulakeshin's court. The painting depicts several figures in foreign dress: Fergusson identified the dress as Sasanian, and proposed that the Sasanian emperor sent a return embassy to the Chalukya empire. This theory was widely accepted by other scholars, but is no longer considered
1694:
The Vishnukundina ruler defeated by Pulakeshin was probably Indravarman: he appears to have ultimately accepted Pulakeshin's suzerainty, and was allowed to rule as a Chalukya vassal. Pulakeshin assigned some of the newly conquered territories to his own feudatories. For example, the Maruturu
1859:
The Aihole inscription suggests that Pulakeshin won over the Chola, the Chera, and the Pandya kings as his allies in his struggle against the Pallavas. He marched towards Kanchipuram, but the Pallava inscriptions suggest that he suffered reverses in battles fought at Pariyala, Suramara, and
1339:
region from them. The Gangas subsequently defeated the Pallava ruler Kaduvetti of Kanchi. In return, Shilabhattarika, a daughter of Pulakeshin II was married to Dadiga, a son of Mokkara (Mushkara) and grandson of Durvinita, as attested by a copperplate charter of Chalukya Vijayaditya dated
1206:, the way they are mentioned in the inscription suggests that they were military adventurers and not from a royal background. However, according to historian Durga Prasad Dikshit, their names suggest that they may have belonged to a Rashtrakuta branch, which was distinct from the imperial
2069:
in one of his previous births as a King. The inclusion of numerous men in Sasanian clothing in the caves of Ajanta seems to reflect the great number of Sasanian traders or workers in Central India at that time, and the fact that they were an object of intense interest by the Indians.
1855:
section above.) The Banas appear to have been Pallava feudatories before their submission to Pulakeshin, as suggested by the name of the inscription's engraver: Mahendra Pallavachari. Pulakeshin's subjugation of a Pallava feudatory must have renewed his conflict with the Pallavas.
2001:, who had earlier served as his governor of the Velvola country, as the governor of Vengi in eastern Deccan. Vishnu-vardhana acknowledges Pulakeshin's suzerainty in his 631 CE Kopparam inscription, but asserts himself as an independent ruler in his 641 CE Chirupalli inscription.
2173:
The Hyderabad copper-plate grant inscription is dated to the Shaka year 532 (expired), and was issued during Pulakeshin's third regnal year. It was issued during the solar eclipse on the Amavasya of the Bhadrapada month, which corresponds to 23 July 613. It records a village
2454:
Jainism had a considerable vogue and was much respected. Ravikirtti, who built a stone temple to Jina at Ahiole, claims to have enlisted the particular favour of Pulakesin II for his enterprise and thus made the temple the abode of all excellence ( bhavanam
2137:
The Aihole inscription of Pulakeshin II states that he was generous in "bestowing gifts and honours on the brave and the learned". The inscription's composer Ravikirrti, a court poet of Pulakeshin, describes himself as an equal of the great Sanskrit poets
1193:
The Aihole inscription suggests that two rulers named Appayika and Govinda rebelled against Pulakeshin. The identity of these rulers is uncertain, but they are said to have approached the core Chalukya territory from the north of the Bhimarathi (modern
1690:
as the governor of the newly conquered territory. The Chalukya conquest in this region is corroborated by Vishnu-vardhana's 631 CE Kopparam copper-plate inscription, which records a land grant in the Karma-rashtra region of present-day Andhra Pradesh.
1574:(mirth) of Harsha melted away by fear, as his elephants fell in the battle. The only other inscription from his reign that mentions this battle is the Bijapur-Mumbai inscription. Harsha's court poet Bana does not mention this conflict in his biography
1840:). These two accounts appear to refer to the same battle, which must have been inconclusive: the Pallava army was probably forced to retreat to Kanchipuram, but inflicted enough damage on the Chalukya army to force Pulakeshin to retreat to Vatapi.
1666:(modern Pithapuram in Andhra Pradesh). The Maruturu inscription suggests that this event took place around or before 617–618 CE. The Aihole inscription states that subsequently, a fierce battle was fought near Kunala lake (identified with modern
1022:(epithet) of Pulakeshin, was commonly used as a substitute for his name in the dynasty's records. He was the dynasty's most celebrated ruler, because of which the subsequent rulers called their dynasty Satyashraya-kula ("family of Satyashraya").
1513:
suggests that Harsha's growing influence may have driven the Latas, the Malavas, and the Gurjaras to accept Pulakeshin's suzerainty. Historian Durga Prasad Dikshit adds that these three kingdoms are known to have been enemies of Harsha's father
1482:
onwards, mention Pulakeshin's victory over Harsha using similar expressions. This early date for the war is also supported by the writings of Xuanzang, who states that Harsha fought wars for six years, and then ruled in peace for thirty years.
1180:
After Mangalesha's death, Pulakeshin appears to have faced opposition from multiple rivals, including those who were loyal to Mangalesha and those who wanted to take advantage of the turmoil resulting from the Chalukya war of succession. The
1477:
or before, based on the 612–613 CE Hyderabad inscription of Pulakeshin. This inscription boasts that Pulakeshin defeated a king who had fought a hundred battles (presumably Harsha). The later Chalukya inscriptions, dating from the reign of
1931:
Ranaragha-varman is attested by the Honnur inscription dated to the 16th regnal year of his younger brother Vikramaditya. The inscription states that Ranaragha-varman's daughter was the wife of the Ganga prince Madhava, a subordinate of
1827:
The Aihole inscription states that the Pallava ruler opposed the rise of Pulakeshin, who caused the enemy's splendour to be "obscured by the dust of his army" and forced the enemy to take shelter behind the walls of the Pallava capital
1557:
Another possibility is that Harsha decided to take advantage of the turmoil resulting from the conflict between Mangalesha and Pulakeshin, and invaded the Chalukya kingdom. During his march against Pulakeshin, Harsha advanced up to the
1392:, who were the northern neighbours of the Chalukyas. Historian Durga Prasad Dikshit theorizes that these kingdoms may have accepted Pulakeshin's suzerainty without a military conflict, when faced with an invasion from the northern king
1677:
Pulakeshin probably subjugated Vishnukundina vassals during his eastern campaign in Kalinga, which may have brought him in conflict with the Vishnukundina dynasty. Pulakeshin conquered the Vishnukundina kingdom, located in the lower
2222:
Ishvara temple stone inscription records Pulakeshin's grant of the Elpattu Simbhige village after his subjugation of Ranavikrama. The defeated ruler was probably a king of the Bana dynasty; alternatively, he may be identified with
1981:
Pulakeshin could not administer this large empire centrally, and therefore, ruled through governors from the Chalukya family and loyal vassals, who included the rulers defeated by him. The Sendraka prince Sena-nanda-raja ruled the
1762:, although this identification is not conclusive. It is possible that Xuanzang spent some time in Nashik, which was an important centre of Buddhism, and mistook it as the empire's capital. Xuanzang mentions that there were five
2025:
Original frescoes in Ajanta Cave 1, and corresponding artistic depiction of Pulakeshin receiving envoys from Persia. Earlier scholars believed that Pulakeshin received an envoy from the Sasanian emperor of Persia, based on the
1097:, and appears to be a late attempt to gloss over Pulakeshin's overthrow of Mangalesha. The exact details of the conflict between these two men are unclear, because the Aihole inscription describes it in a rather enigmatic way.
1913:
theorizes that Adityavarman was simply a former name of Vikramaditya I. However, historian D. P. Dikshit disputes this identification, and believes that Adityavarman succeeded Pulakeshin, and in turn, was succeeded by his son
1851:("Bana king's province") after the subjugation of Ranavikrama. Assuming that Ranavikrama was a Bana king, it appears that Pulakeshin defeated the Banas. (An alternative theory identifies Ranavikrama as Mangalesha; see
1592:, who ultimately overthrew the Chalukyas several years after Pulakeshin's death, also boast that they defeated the dynasty that claimed victory over Harshavardhana, thus indirectly confirming Pulakeshin's achievement.
1258:
The first Arab Caliphatic invasion of India was an expedition by sea to conquer Thana near present-day Mumbai as early as 636 CE. It was undertaken during the vigorous Islamic expansionist regime of the second Caliph,
1823:
were their allies at the time, and Pulakeshin's subjugation of the Vishnukundins brought him in conflict with the Pallava monarch. The Chalukyas and the Pallavas fought several battles without conclusive results.
1100:
It is possible that Mangalesha initially ruled as a regent, but later decided to usurp the throne. According to the Aihole inscription, Mangalesha was envious of Pulakeshin, because Pulakeshin was a favourite of
2294:
Several Kannada groups demanded the installation of Pulakeshin II's statue at Badami, Karnataka, to celebrate the great "kannada" emperor of past who they claimed was being ignored by the Karnataka Government.
2183:
The Lohner (Nashik district) inscription is dated to the year 552 of an unspecified calendar era, which must be the Shaka era. It registers grant of the Goviyanaka village to a Brahmana named Dama Dikshita.
1707:
visited Pulakeshin's Empire in 641–642 CE. He calls the Chalukya emperor the ruler of "Mo-ho-la-cha" (the Chinese transcription of "Maharashtra"), and corroborates Pulakeshin II's success against emperor
1538:
against Harsha. When Harsha decided to take action against these three kingdoms, their rulers probably sought the protection of Pulakeshin. Pulakeshin may have granted asylum to Harsha's adversaries.
1185:
declares that "the whole world was enveloped in the darkness that was the enemies". Pulakeshin subjugated these enemies, and established the Chalukyas as the dominant power in the Indian peninsula.
1747:. When his generals were defeated, they were not punished, but were humiliated by being ordered to wear women's dresses. The soldiers who lost a battle would commit suicide as a matter of honour.
1695:
inscription states that the Aluka ruler Gunasagara, a Chalukya vassal, came from Mangalapura (identified with modern Mangalagiri in Guntur district) to Kallura after undergoing several hardships.
1419:
suggest that the Maitrakas controlled at least a part of the Malava territory. Thus, the Malavas may have been Maitraka vassals or independent rulers before they accepted Pulakeshin's suzerainty.
2008:
region (in southern Gujarat), also seems to have asserted his independence. Vijaya-varman's 643 CE Kheda (Kaira) inscription records a land grant without any reference to a Chalukya overlord.
1997:, Pulakeshin acquired control of a large part of the eastern Deccan region, extending from Vishakhapatnam in north to Nellore and Guntur in the south. Pulakeshin appointed his younger brother
1724:, but he does not mention any conflict between the two states, presumably because he was not aware of major political changes or because his main interest was Buddhism rather than politics.
2045:
of present-day Iran. Pulakeshin sent expensive presents and letters to Khusrow II and his sons, during the 26th regnal year of the Sasanian emperor. This embassy can be dated to c. 625 CE.
1670:), whose water turned red with the blood of those killed in the war. These inscriptions do not name Pulakeshin's rival in these conflicts, but modern scholars identify him as a king of the
2189:
The Aihole prashasti inscription, composed by Pulakeshin's court poet Ravikirtti, records the construction of a Jinendra temple by Ravikirtti, and lists Pulakeshin's military achievements.
2253:). The copper plates were purchased by Raghuvir Pai of Mumbai from a scrap-vendor of Bijapur in the 1990s. The inscription was unreadable because of corrosion, but Shreenand L. Bapat of
1774:, and were several hundred feet high. Around 5,000 Buddhist monks lived in over 100 monasteries in the empire; in particular, Xuanzang describes a large monastery identified with the
450:
1240:
Pulakeshin ended the Kadamba dynasty and annexed their territory to his empire. He divided this territory among his vassals: the major part of the Kadamba kingdom was granted to the
1501:
Some earlier scholars, such as D. Devahuti dated the conflict to 630s CE, but this is no longer considered correct after the publication of the Bijapur-Mumbai inscription in 2017.
2284:
The Pimpalner copper-plate inscription, considered spurious for the same reasons as the Lakshmeshvara inscription, records the grant of the Pippalanagara to Nagarasvami Dikshita.
1875:
captured Vatapi in c. 642–643 CE. The Pallava occupation of Vatapi is attested by an inscription found at the Mallikarjunadeva temple in Badami, dated to the 13th regnal year of
1444:, who ruled over much of northern India. The inscriptions of Pulakeshin's successors prominently mention this victory even when they ignore his other military achievements.
560:
1970:
of the Vindhyas. However, there is no evidence that he was able to annex the extreme southern kingdoms of the Cholas, the Keralas (Cheras), and the Pandyas to his empire.
1895:. According to one theory, this arrangement may have happened with the approval of Pulakeshin, who did not want his brother to wage a war of succession like Mangalesha.
1452:
The date of the war between Harsha and Pulakeshin has been debated by modern scholars. The Kandalgaon copper-plate inscription, dated to Pulakeshin's fifth regnal year (
2281:
The Lakshmeshvara inscription records the grant of a field to the chaitya of Shankha Jinendra. It is considered spurious because of "late script and irregular dating".
2203:(province) to a Brahmana named Maheshvara. It refers to Pulakeshin's maternal uncle and vassal king Shrivallabha Sena-nanda-raja, who belonged to the Sendraka dynasty.
550:
1604:, in a bid to invade Harsha's kingdom, but was unsuccessful, which may explain why only two inscriptions from Pulakeshin's reign mention his conflict with Harsha.
1300:
Kadambas, Pulakeshin assigned a major part of the former Kadamba territory to his Alupa vassal, who according to historian Moraes, may have been Kundavarammarasa.
480:
2475:
The Jain religion seems to have enjoyed considerable patronage at the hands of the Early Chalukyas. Thus Pulakesin II patronised a certain Jain poet Ravikirti.
420:
3908:
2166:
The Yekkeri rock inscription, which was probably issued in Pulakeshin's first regnal year, contains land records in certain towns said to be owned by the god
2177:
The Maruturu grant inscription records the grant of the Maruturu village at the instance of the Aluka vassal ruler, and notices the occupation of Pishtapura.
530:
440:
4296:
1578:, presumably to avoid portraying his patron in a negative light. However, Pulakeshin's success against Harsha is confirmed by other independent sources.
1172:
month. According to modern calculations, this solar eclipse took place on 21 May 616 CE, which would mean that Pulakeshin ascended the throne in 609 CE.
580:
2508:
2061:
correct: the painting, which does indeed include the visit of foreigners in Persian or Sasanian dress, actually depicts a scene from the Maha-sudarsana
1758:(modern Bharuch). This description does not fit the Chalukya capital Vatapi (modern Badami). Modern scholars identify the city mentioned by Xuanzang as
5470:
620:
500:
1154:
The matter is further complicated by the Maruturu inscription, which is dated to Pulakeshin's eighth regnal year, and was issued on the occasion of a
1415:(Malava) region in central India. According to the Chinese traveler Xuanzang, Malava ("Mo-la-po") was an independent kingdom, but the records of the
660:
2186:
The Kopparam copper-plate inscription, dated to Pulakeshin's 21st regnal year, records the grant of a village in Karma-rashtra region to a Brahmana.
1498:) does not mention the conflict. Based on this, Bapat and Sohoni theorize that the conflict took place between November 618 CE and February 619 CE.
5172:
630:
570:
510:
410:
1304:
region. The 692 CE Sorab inscription describes Gunasagara's son Chitra-vahana as an "Alupa", which suggests that "Aluka" is a variant of "Alupa".
1079:
4097:"The Bijapur-Mumbai copperplate grant of Călukya ruler Pulakeśin II, dated April 04, 619 CE, mentioning his triumph over emperor Harṣavardhana"
2105:
shrines now called the Upper Shivalaya, the Lower Shivalaya, and Malegitti Shivalaya, started during his reign. The Chinese Buddhist pilgrim
640:
5546:
1011:
inscription calls him "Ereyatiyadigal" (or "Ereyitiyadigal"), and the Bijapur-Mumbai inscription mentions the variant "Eraja". Historian
610:
4269:
1612:
The Aihole inscription states that the rulers of Koshala and Kalinga accepted Pulakeshin's suzerainty without offering any resistance.
1221:(divide and conquer), and bestowed favours upon Govinda while alienating Appayika. Govinda became his ally, and Appayika was defeated.
2988:"Vijayaditya's charter showing that the Sanskrit poetess Shilabhattarika was a Chalukya princess, and three more copperplate charters"
590:
430:
5095:
4933:
2241:(praise) of the dynasty and its kings. The granted land was located in the Brahmana-Vataviya villages situated on the banks of the
600:
540:
520:
5551:
2434:
Pulkesin II patronized the Jaina temple at Aihole, an event immortalized by the poet Ravikirti in an inscription from that place.
2353:
1522:: this enmity probably continued during the reign of Harsha. The Malava king played a role in the murder of Harsha's predecessor
718:
5130:
4918:
2254:
1341:
380:
5102:
4690:
4283:
4214:
4190:
4144:
4123:
4085:
4023:
3983:
3962:
3938:
3792:
2893:
1941:
5582:
5445:
1800:
1750:
According to Xuanzang, the empire's capital (not named by Xuanzang) was situated to the east of a large river, around 1000
5536:
5450:
1898:
Pulakeshin had multiple sons, and the order of succession after him is not clear from the available historical evidence:
831:
201:
1891:
had carved out an independent kingdom in the eastern part of the Chalukya empire, resulting in the establishment of the
1541:
According to scholars Shreenand L. Bapat and Pradeep S. Sohoni, the "Malavas" mentioned in the Chalukya record were the
5541:
5455:
5144:
5071:
2215:
A Kannada-language inscription from Bellary district "specifies the land measure and the coin to be used at Kurumgodu".
1133:
year 534), and was issued during the third year of his reign, which suggests that he must have ascended the throne in
4237:
2918:
1396:. Alternatively, it is possible that these three rulers accepted Mangalesha's suzerainty after his victory over the
5592:
5460:
5081:
2257:
cleaned it and published it in 2017. It is written in Sanskrit language and inscribed in a southern variety of the
2250:
4310:
2273:
The following inscriptions are attributed to Pulakeshin's reign, but are considered spurious by modern scholars:
1921:
1902:
1628:
281:
261:
125:
105:
5395:
5325:
5006:
4943:
4923:
4686:
4331:
4262:
1260:
1214:
and Mauryas of Konkan, and later rebelled taking advantage of the conflict between Pulakeshin and Mangalesha.
893:
to gain control of the throne. He suppressed a rebellion by Appayika and Govinda, and decisively defeated the
5412:
4978:
4488:
1978:, they may have been the Maharashtra proper (a large part of present-day Maharashtra), Konkana, and Karnata.
5508:
5430:
5197:
5165:
4928:
4374:
4356:
4338:
4318:
1595:
The Aihole inscription poetically states that Pulakeshin's elephants had to avoid the neighbourhood of the
1463:
1012:
2323:
revolves around the historical events of the Chalukya emperor, Pulakeshin II, laying siege to Kanchi, and
913:
recognized his suzerainty. He consolidated the Chalukya control over the western coast by subjugating the
5440:
5109:
4938:
4775:
2049:
1639:
949:
17:
1400:, and the Aihole inscription simply refers to Pulakeshin reaffirming the Chalukya suzerainty over them.
5435:
5399:
4365:
4347:
4327:
1253:
1207:
936:
The most notable military achievement of Pulakeshin was his victory over the powerful northern emperor
1650:, is not certain either. Historian Durga Prasad Dikshit suggests that he was probably a member of the
1007:: Pulikeśin) and Polekeshin (IAST: Polekeśin). "Ereya" appears to have been another of his names: the
5192:
5179:
4428:
4408:
4279:
4255:
4247:
940:, whose failure to conquer the Chalukyan territories to the south is attested by the Chinese pilgrim
2415:
The Western Chalukyas of Vatapi, Pulkesin II and Vikramaditya I, were also great patrons of Jainism.
5572:
5187:
5123:
4747:
4712:
4707:
4641:
4384:
2488:
2427:
2408:
1397:
1082:. When Kirthivarma died, Pulakeshin appears to have been a minor, as Kirthivarma's younger brother
995:. He patronized several Jaina scholars, including Ravikirtti, who composed his Aihole inscription.
1739:
by birth. His well-disciplined troops comprised several thousands of men, and several hundreds of
1662:
According to the Aihole inscription and the Maruturu inscription, Pulakeshin invaded and captured
1244:
under the name kadamba-mandala; the Nagarakhanda division of Banavasi was given to the Sendrakas.
5602:
5597:
5407:
5345:
4861:
4581:
2447:
2374:
2302:
824:
679:
135:
31:
2199:
The Chiplun copper-plate inscription records the grant of the Amravatavaka village in Avaretika
1426:(or Bharuch), and the Gurjara ruler who accepted Pulakeshin's suzerainty was probably Dadda II.
5587:
5207:
5116:
4910:
4536:
4473:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4033:
2363:
2278:
different from other Chalukya inscriptions, and it contains a faulty description of Pulakeshin.
1743:. The elephants, who were intoxicated with wine before battles, were used to break the enemy's
1510:
1467:
1203:
4225:
4204:
4180:
4134:
4113:
3994:
2468:
1909:
inscription, which describes him as a powerful ruler and gives him imperial titles. Historian
1631:
rule. The Aihole inscription does not mention the name of the subjugated ruler, but historian
1440:
The most notable military achievement of Pulakeshin was his victory over the powerful emperor
4838:
4676:
4478:
4075:
3952:
3782:
2358:
1820:
1671:
1654:. Historian K. A. Nilakanta Sastri suggests that he may have been a Vishnukundina feudatory.
1651:
1389:
1313:
953:
930:
906:
312:
4013:
1735:
According to Xuanzang, the emperor was war-like and loved "military arts", because he was a
5577:
5498:
5422:
5365:
5235:
4866:
4717:
4453:
4433:
2368:
2315:
1998:
1888:
1687:
1600:
S. Sohoni, the inscription suggests that Pulakeshin's army subsequently tried to cross the
1488:
1459:), mentions the conflict, but this inscription is regarded as spurious by modern scholars.
1264:
1210:. This branch may have become subordinate to the Chalukyas after facing invasions from the
1090:
957:
370:
8:
5385:
5355:
4823:
4805:
4742:
4722:
4646:
4621:
4468:
4322:
4154:
2320:
2230:
The Bijapur-Mumbai copper-plate grant inscription records a land grant to Nagasharman of
1990:
and neighbouring areas as his vassal, as attested by the Abhona and Kasare inscriptions.
1958:
1944:, a younger brother of Vikramaditya, is attested by the 671 CE Navsari grant inscription.
1542:
147:
2495:
Pulakeshin was a Vaishanavite Hindu, as attested by the Lohner copper-plate inscription.
2209:
The fragmentary Badami rock inscription refers to the "victorious metropolis" of Vatapi.
5523:
5295:
5137:
5089:
4699:
4458:
4400:
4077:
Studies in the Buddhistic Culture of India During the Seventh and Eighth Centuries A.D.
2126:
2089:
Colonizers in Persia. They settled on the West coast of the Deccan and established the
2082:
1892:
1791:
1778:
by modern scholars. Xuanzang adds that the emperor also had temples of "heretics" who "
1515:
1182:
1094:
918:
817:
788:
5503:
5340:
5051:
4770:
4765:
4757:
4737:
4601:
4586:
4423:
4233:
4210:
4206:
A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century
4186:
4140:
4119:
4081:
4062:
4043:
4019:
4000:
3979:
3958:
3934:
3788:
2914:
2889:
2324:
1925:
1876:
1864:
1435:
973:
961:
768:
650:
460:
400:
361:
291:
116:
4095:
Shreenand L. Bapat; Pradeep S. Sohoni (2017). S. S. Bahulkar; Shilpa Sumant (eds.).
1847:
inscription records Pulakeshin's grant of the Elpattu Simbhige village in Bana-raja-
972:
in the south, but was ultimately defeated during an invasion by the Pallava monarch
5513:
5493:
5488:
5360:
5001:
4871:
4833:
4813:
4780:
4732:
4661:
4596:
4556:
4531:
4526:
4378:
4360:
2154:
1986:
and neighbouring areas as his loyal feudatory. The family of Alla-shakti ruled the
1910:
1833:
1816:
1795:
1721:
1550:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1423:
1416:
1169:
1035:
879:
863:
390:
192:
182:
68:
2212:
The Hirebidri (Dharwar district) stone inscription records a land grant by Tiraka.
2180:
The Satara grant inscription of Vishnu-vardhana refers to him as the crown-prince.
2125:
temple at Aihole was also built during his reign, by Ravikirrti, who composed the
1957:
Chalukya territories during the reign of Pulakeshin II, as estimated by historian
1344:, who deciphered this inscription, identifies her with the renowned Sanskrit poet
960:
as the governor of eastern Deccan; this brother later established the independent
5478:
5265:
5240:
5151:
4948:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4853:
4843:
4828:
4785:
4671:
4666:
4591:
4576:
4169:
4158:
4056:
4037:
3973:
3928:
2090:
2074:
2039:
1812:
1616:
1357:
1345:
1332:
1230:
1143:
The exact year of his ascension is debated among modern scholars. The 610–611 CE
969:
945:
914:
894:
748:
490:
332:
2339:
2004:
After Pulakeshin's death, the Chalukya governor Vijaya-varman, who ruled in the
5531:
5380:
5370:
5305:
5300:
5031:
4896:
4818:
4795:
4790:
4727:
4656:
4571:
4463:
4413:
4369:
4342:
2298:
2242:
1938:(655–680) restored the Chalukya power, and recaptured Vatapi from the Pallavas.
1935:
1679:
1647:
1635:
theorizes that he may have been the Panduvamshi king Mahashivagupta Balarjuna.
1479:
1441:
1393:
1328:
1263:, who was on a proselytizing mission to Islamize the whole world. He appointed
937:
886:
758:
708:
470:
342:
302:
231:
157:
131:
1003:
Two variants of Pulakeshin's name appear in the Chalukya records: Pulikeshin (
874:, India). During his reign, the Chalukya Empire expanded to cover most of the
5566:
5255:
5250:
5225:
5056:
5046:
5011:
4986:
4968:
4631:
4501:
4418:
4390:
4351:
4200:
4066:
4047:
3948:
2269:
month of Pulakeshin's ninth regnal year, which corresponds to 4 April 619 CE.
2258:
2005:
1994:
1924:(c.646–649?) attested by the Nerur and Kochre grant inscriptions of his wife
1915:
1755:
1740:
1683:
1559:
1523:
1509:
The cause of the war between Harsha and Pulakeshin is not certain. Historian
1381:
1369:
1293:
1241:
1155:
1066:
calls him Paramesa or Pharmis, probably a Persian transcription of his title
922:
902:
798:
738:
271:
56:
2331:
1832:. The Kashakudi inscription of the Pallavas states that the Pallava Monarch
5350:
5285:
5230:
4953:
4651:
4606:
4541:
4506:
4004:
2307:
2219:
2062:
2053:
2027:
1975:
1844:
1775:
1766:
in and around the capital city: these stupas had been built by the earlier
1667:
1632:
1620:
1327:
married his daughter to Pulakeshin; she was the mother of Pulakeshin's son
1211:
1114:
1109:
1008:
728:
221:
121:
3174:
2192:
The undated Tummeyanaru grant inscription of Pulakeshin bestows the title
1805:"The defeat of Pulakeshin II, the Chalukya, by Mahamalla Pallava at Badami
5483:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5275:
5260:
5220:
4636:
3599:
3539:
3481:
3418:
3215:
3213:
3079:
3077:
3075:
2576:
2574:
2572:
2570:
2568:
2566:
2388:
2078:
1829:
1589:
1199:
1195:
992:
778:
698:
322:
171:
3529:
3527:
3525:
3435:
3433:
3355:
3353:
3232:
3230:
3228:
3096:
3094:
3092:
3062:
3060:
2660:
2658:
2656:
2654:
5270:
5066:
5016:
4611:
4182:
Dust in the Wind: Retracing Dharma Master Xuanzang's Western Pilgrimage
3650:
3638:
2948:
2886:
In God's Path: The Arab Conquests and the Creation of an Islamic Empire
2224:
2042:
1953:
1872:
1744:
1663:
1519:
1147:
grant inscription, which refers to an unnamed Chalukya overlord titled
1083:
890:
688:
241:
95:
4277:
4160:
A Concise History of Karnataka: From Pre-historic Times to the Present
3889:
3210:
3072:
2716:
2563:
2021:
1871:. Pulakeshin was probably killed, when a Pallava force led by General
1217:
According to the Aihole inscription, Pulakeshin adopted the policy of
5330:
5290:
5061:
4996:
4991:
4546:
4521:
4301:
4287:
3867:
3865:
3863:
3861:
3859:
3857:
3855:
3718:
3708:
3706:
3616:
3614:
3563:
3522:
3512:
3510:
3508:
3493:
3430:
3350:
3340:
3338:
3336:
3334:
3321:
3319:
3317:
3302:
3292:
3290:
3288:
3286:
3284:
3269:
3259:
3257:
3225:
3198:
3162:
3152:
3150:
3137:
3135:
3133:
3118:
3089:
3057:
3047:
3045:
3043:
3030:
3028:
3015:
3013:
2998:
2969:
2967:
2965:
2963:
2938:
2936:
2934:
2932:
2930:
2867:
2865:
2863:
2861:
2834:
2822:
2783:
2781:
2779:
2766:
2764:
2749:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2733:
2731:
2706:
2704:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2696:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2688:
2651:
2639:
2629:
2627:
2625:
2598:
2266:
2238:
2162:
Following inscriptions from Pulakeshin's reign have been discovered:
2158:
The Aihole inscription composed by Pulakeshin's court poet Ravikirtti
2035:
1751:
1736:
1365:
1336:
1324:
1130:
1126:
1063:
871:
4096:
3909:"Seeing beyond Shivaji: Activists push for Pulikeshi II. Learn More"
2987:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2520:
5335:
5158:
4958:
4626:
4551:
4516:
3978:. Delhi: Indian Institute of Advanced Study / Motilal Banarsidass.
2551:
2231:
2143:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2101:
He was tolerant of other sects and faiths. The construction of the
2057:
1987:
1966:
1837:
1704:
1601:
1596:
1582:
1317:
1234:
1164:
1159:
1059:
1033:("King of great kings"). Besides, he also used the family epithets
988:
984:
941:
910:
898:
211:
3852:
3703:
3691:
3611:
3587:
3575:
3505:
3469:
3331:
3314:
3281:
3254:
3186:
3147:
3130:
3106:
3040:
3025:
3010:
2960:
2927:
2858:
2846:
2810:
2776:
2761:
2728:
2685:
2622:
2038:, Pulakeshin ("Pharmis") maintained diplomatic relations with the
1247:
30:"Immadi Pulikeshi" redirects here. For the 1967 Kannada film, see
5375:
5026:
5021:
4561:
3806:
3804:
3752:
3750:
3748:
3735:
3733:
3669:
3667:
3665:
3626:
3457:
2517:
2262:
2246:
2122:
2086:
1906:
1848:
1779:
1767:
1717:
1385:
1331:. The Gangas probably hoped to gain Chalukya support against the
1280:
1272:
1102:
926:
167:
142:
3877:
2675:
2673:
2429:
Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Volume XXI
2327:
avenging this by attacking Vatapi, the capital of the Chalukyas.
2030:
cave painting, but this theory is no longer considered correct.
1015:
theorizes that Ereya was the pre-coronation name of Pulakeshin.
5245:
5041:
5036:
4963:
4511:
4496:
3930:
History: BA (Hons) Semester II Course Pack, University of Delhi
3445:
3372:
3370:
3368:
2066:
1983:
1868:
1771:
1763:
1759:
1709:
1643:
1624:
1404:
governor Vijaya-varma-raja over Lata is attested by his 643 CE
1361:
1312:
The Aihole inscription credits Pulakeshin with subjugating the
1292:
According to the Aihole inscription, Pulakeshin subjugated the
1268:
1052:
875:
867:
4174:. Indian Society for Prehistoric and Quaternary Studies / B.R.
3801:
3762:
3745:
3730:
3662:
3551:
3408:
3406:
3393:
3391:
3389:
3387:
3385:
2800:
2798:
2796:
2510:
The Eastern Chalukyan Inscriptions a Social and Cultural Study
5280:
5215:
4566:
2670:
2234:
2167:
2139:
1546:
1487:
date. The earlier Satara inscription of Pulakeshin's brother
1412:
1405:
1380:
The Aihole inscription states that Pulakeshin subjugated the
980:
965:
4036:(1960). "The Chaḷukyās of Bādāmi". In Ghulam Yazdani (ed.).
3840:
3816:
3365:
3242:
2541:
2539:
2377:, a Kannada-language film based on the life of Pulakeshin II
3926:
3679:
3403:
3382:
2793:
2610:
2394:
1729:
1276:
1004:
848:
3828:
2586:
2911:
Indian Resistance to Early Muslim Invaders Up to 1206 A.D
2536:
2245:(identified with modern Brahmangaon and Wadvali, east of
1144:
4015:
Unfolding A Mandala: The Buddhist Cave Temples at Ellora
2261:. It was issued on the occasion of a lunar eclipse on a
4094:
3895:
3219:
3180:
3083:
2580:
2065:, in which the enthroned king can be identified as the
4032:
3605:
3545:
3533:
3499:
3487:
3439:
3424:
3359:
3308:
3124:
3100:
2828:
2664:
2645:
2506:
968:. Pulakeshin also achieved some successes against the
1887:
By 641 CE, during Pulakeshin's lifetime, his brother
4168:
T. V. Mahalingam (1977). "Aditya and Vikramaditya".
4101:
Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute
3992:
3871:
3724:
3712:
3656:
3644:
3620:
3593:
3581:
3569:
3516:
3475:
3344:
3325:
3296:
3275:
3263:
3236:
3204:
3192:
3168:
3156:
3141:
3112:
3066:
3051:
3034:
3019:
3004:
2973:
2954:
2942:
2871:
2852:
2840:
2816:
2787:
2770:
2755:
2743:
2722:
2710:
2633:
2604:
2557:
2530:
4153:
3781:Publishing, Britannica Educational (1 April 2010).
3697:
2113:monasteries in his empire; over 5,000 monks – both
1785:
944:. In the east, Pulakeshin subjugated the rulers of
1686:valley, and appointed his younger brother 'Kubja'
1356:Pulakeshin's father Kirttivarman had defeated the
3971:
3810:
3787:. Britannica Educational Publishing. p. 96.
2034:According to the ninth-century Persian historian
2016:
1055:, as attested by his Bijapur-Mumbai inscription.
5564:
4167:
3673:
3632:
1570:The Aihole inscription of Pulakeshin boasts the
1411:The Malavas ruled in and around the present-day
4223:
3768:
3756:
3739:
2449:The Early History Of The Deccan Pat I–VI (1960)
2073:The good relations between the Indians and the
1836:defeated an unnamed enemy at Pallalura (modern
1807:", an artistic depiction of Pulakeshin's defeat
1526:, and also killed Harsha's brother-in-law, the
1375:
1340:January–February 717 CE. Shreenand L. Bapat of
1248:Repulsion of the First Arab Caliphatic Invasion
4111:
4073:
4011:
3822:
3463:
3412:
2473:. Srinivasa Varadachari, Madras. p. 168.
1607:
1062:calls him Pu-lo-ki-she. The Persian historian
1018:Satyashraya ("refuge of truth"), a hereditary
983:, but was tolerant of other faiths, including
4263:
4199:
4178:
3975:Musical instruments in sculpture in Karnataka
3947:
3883:
3846:
3685:
3557:
3376:
3248:
2804:
2310:which was based on the life of Pulakeshin II.
1229:Pulakeshin's predecessors had subjugated the
1078:Pulakeshin was a son of the Chalukya monarch
825:
4132:
4054:
3996:Political History of the Chālukyas of Badami
3834:
3451:
3397:
2679:
2616:
2592:
2545:
2371:, a historical novel featuring Pulakeshin II
1867:, ultimately besieged the Chalukyan capital
4042:. Vol. I–VI. Oxford University Press.
2513:. Sri Venkateswara University. p. 143.
4270:
4256:
3780:
2490:The Journal of the U.P. historical society
2486:
2445:
2410:The Journal of the U.P. historical society
2406:
2081:refugees, who were severely persecuted by
1025:The imperial titles of Pulakeshin include
832:
818:
3954:The First Spring: The Golden Age of India
2121:– lived in these monasteries. The Meguti
1732:if they or their families were insulted.
2452:. Oxford University Press. p. 144.
2338:
2330:
2153:
2020:
1952:
1799:
1657:
1491:, issued during his eighth regnal year (
1224:
2909:Mishra, Dr. Ram Gopal (December 1992).
2883:
2354:Political history of medieval Karnataka
1974:is not certain: according to historian
1948:
1188:
14:
5565:
2908:
2343:Painting of Pulakeshin II in Bengaluru
2255:Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute
2132:
2048:In the 1870s, architectural historian
1642:, which includes parts of present-day
1429:
1342:Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute
921:also credits him with subjugating the
4251:
2985:
2288:
2129:engraved on the wall of this temple.
2077:encouraged the migration to India of
1518:, as attested by Harsha's court poet
1351:
1175:
3927:Rimjhim Sharma, Anish Kumar (2012).
2466:
2313:The Tamil-language historical novel
2011:
1815:were the southern neighbours of the
1422:The Gurjaras were most probably the
1307:
1120:
1047:. Pulakeshin also assumed the title
4115:The Silk Road Journey With Xuanzang
3896:P. S. Sohoni & S. L. Bapat 2017
3220:P. S. Sohoni & S. L. Bapat 2017
3181:P. S. Sohoni & S. L. Bapat 2017
3084:P. S. Sohoni & S. L. Bapat 2017
2581:P. S. Sohoni & S. L. Bapat 2017
2096:
1698:
1504:
998:
24:
2109:mentions that there were over 100
1863:The Pallavas, during the reign of
1615:Koshala here can be identified as
1279:. Usman sent his brother Hakam to
956:monarch, he appointed his brother
25:
5614:
4230:Ajanta: The end of the Golden Age
2986:Bapat, Shreenand (January 2023).
2335:Statue of Pulakeshin II in Badami
2227:, who bore the title Ranavikrama.
2052:theorized that a painting at the
1674:, which ruled in Andhra Pradesh.
1051:("Supreme Lord") after defeating
889:, Pulakeshin overthrew his uncle
4278:
4171:Readings in South Indian History
3901:
2395:Rimjhim Sharma, Anish Kumar 2012
1905:(c.643–645?) is attested by his
1786:War with the Pallavas and defeat
1627:), which was probably under the
1562:before being forced to retreat.
451:Vijayaditya I (Eastern Chalukya)
27:Chalukya Emperor from 610 to 642
4039:The Early History of the Deccan
3972:B. Chaitanya Deva, ed. (1989).
3919:
3774:
2979:
2902:
2877:
2507:K.V. Madhusudana Reddy (1993).
2149:
1860:Manimangala, near Kanchipuram.
1852:
4332:Jaya Bharata Jananiya Tanujate
2500:
2480:
2460:
2439:
2420:
2400:
2017:Relations with Sassanid Persia
1368:(Elephanta) or Rajapuri (near
1149:Shri-prithvi-vallabha Maharaja
1089:The inscriptions of the later
1073:
885:A son of the Chalukya monarch
13:
1:
5413:List of people from Karnataka
3993:Durga Prasad Dikshit (1980).
2381:
1882:
1728:disloyalty, and called for a
1720:state before arriving in the
1549:region. The expansion of the
1492:
1471:
1453:
1134:
1129:inscription is dated 613 CE (
852:
78:
5509:Varnashilpi Venkatappa Award
4139:. Vol. 1. Ocean Books.
1942:Dharashraya Jayasimha-varman
1376:Latas, Malavas, and Gurjaras
1113:identifies Ranavikrama as a
858:–642 CE) popularly known as
7:
5583:7th-century Indian monarchs
4209:. Pearson Education India.
3933:. Pearson Education India.
3606:K. A. Nilakanta Sastri 1960
3546:K. A. Nilakanta Sastri 1960
3534:K. A. Nilakanta Sastri 1960
3500:K. A. Nilakanta Sastri 1960
3488:K. A. Nilakanta Sastri 1960
3440:K. A. Nilakanta Sastri 1960
3425:K. A. Nilakanta Sastri 1960
3360:K. A. Nilakanta Sastri 1960
3309:K. A. Nilakanta Sastri 1960
3125:K. A. Nilakanta Sastri 1960
3101:K. A. Nilakanta Sastri 1960
2884:Hoyland, Robert.G. (2015).
2829:K. A. Nilakanta Sastri 1960
2665:K. A. Nilakanta Sastri 1960
2646:K. A. Nilakanta Sastri 1960
2347:
1713:
1608:Dakshina Kosala and Kalinga
136:Dharashraya Jayasimhavarman
10:
5619:
2487:Chatterjee, C. D. (1955).
2407:Chatterjee, C. D. (1955).
1789:
1433:
1408:copper-plate inscription.
1254:Umayyad campaigns in India
1251:
1208:Rashtrakutas of Manyakheta
29:
5522:
5469:
5421:
5394:
5206:
5193:Kannada Sahitya Sammelana
5080:
4977:
4909:
4852:
4804:
4756:
4698:
4685:
4487:
4399:
4309:
4294:
3872:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980
3725:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980
3713:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980
3657:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980
3645:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980
3621:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980
3594:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980
3582:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980
3570:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980
3517:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980
3476:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980
3345:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980
3326:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980
3297:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980
3276:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980
3264:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980
3237:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980
3205:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980
3193:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980
3169:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980
3157:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980
3142:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980
3113:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980
3067:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980
3052:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980
3035:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980
3020:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980
3005:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980
2974:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980
2955:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980
2943:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980
2872:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980
2853:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980
2841:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980
2817:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980
2788:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980
2771:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980
2756:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980
2744:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980
2723:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980
2711:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980
2634:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980
2605:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980
2558:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980
2531:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980
1893:Chalukya dynasty of Vengi
1638:The name of the ruler of
1565:
1534:ruler Dadda II aided the
1287:
1202:. According to historian
163:
153:
141:
115:
111:
101:
91:
74:
67:
46:
41:
5188:Kannada Sahitya Parishat
4642:Unification of Karnataka
4224:Walter M. Spink (2005).
3698:Suryanath U. Kamath 1980
1530:ruler Graha-varman. The
962:Eastern Chalukya dynasty
5593:Indian military leaders
5408:Karnataka ethnic groups
5346:Krishnaraja Wadiyar III
4112:Sally Wriggins (2008).
4074:Lal Mani Joshi (1987).
4061:. Agam Kala Prakashan.
4012:G. H. Malandra (1993).
3957:. Penguin Books India.
2467:Mookerji, Radhakumund.
2375:Immadi Pulikeshi (film)
1462:Some scholars, such as
1447:
1335:, who had captured the
1198:) river in present-day
870:(present-day Badami in
32:Immadi Pulikeshi (film)
4179:Tsai Chiashan (2006).
4034:K. A. Nilakanta Sastri
3811:B. Chaitanya Deva 1989
2364:History of South India
2344:
2336:
2206:The Nerur inscription.
2159:
2031:
1962:
1873:Shiruttondar Paranjoti
1808:
1716:). He had visited the
1511:K. A. Nilakanta Sastri
1468:K. A. Nilakanta Sastri
1204:K. A. Nilakanta Sastri
952:. After defeating the
52:Shri-prithvi-vallabha
4677:Western Ganga dynasty
4226:"The Persian Embassy"
4163:. Archana Prakashana.
4133:Sandhya Jain (2011).
4080:Motilal Banarsidass.
4055:K. V. Ramesh (1984).
3674:T. V. Mahalingam 1977
3633:T. V. Mahalingam 1977
2359:Timeline of Karnataka
2342:
2334:
2157:
2024:
1956:
1803:
1672:Vishnukundina dynasty
1658:Vishnukundina dynasty
1652:Eastern Ganga dynasty
1581:The Chinese traveler
1470:, date the battle to
1225:Recapture of Banavasi
1058:The Chinese traveler
1036:Shri-prithvi-vallabha
481:Kali Vishnuvardhana V
48:Karnataka Kulatilaka
5499:Rajyotsava Prashasti
5366:K. S. Narasimhaswamy
3784:The History of India
3769:Walter M. Spink 2005
3757:Walter M. Spink 2005
3740:Walter M. Spink 2005
2992:Tarun Bharat, Mumbai
2369:Sivagamiyin sabadham
2316:Sivagamiyin Sapatham
1993:After defeating the
1965:The Chinese pilgrim
1949:Extent of the Empire
1703:The Chinese pilgrim
1284:India was defeated.
1189:Appayika and Govinda
1091:Chalukyas of Kalyani
993:Vaishnavite Hinduism
371:Kubja Vishnuvardhana
5386:G. S. Shivarudrappa
5356:Gopalakrishna Adiga
5007:Chitrakala Parishat
4934:Dams and reservoirs
4806:Kalaburagi division
4647:Vijayanagara Empire
4622:Rashtrakuta dynasty
4537:Chitradurga Nayakas
4323:Emblem of Karnataka
4185:. Rhythms Monthly.
4155:Suryanath U. Kamath
4058:Chalukyas of Vātāpi
3911:. 30 November 2021.
3886:, pp. 554–555.
3823:Lal Mani Joshi 1987
3659:, pp. 116–119.
3647:, pp. 114–116.
3608:, pp. 216–217.
3548:, pp. 217–218.
3490:, pp. 215–216.
3466:, pp. 132–134.
3464:Sally Wriggins 2008
3454:, pp. 266–267.
3427:, pp. 218–219.
3413:G. H. Malandra 1993
3183:, pp. 208–209.
2957:, pp. 103–104.
2446:Yazdani G. (1960).
2321:Kalki Krishnamurthy
2251:Aurangabad district
2133:Cultural activities
1959:Suryanath U. Kamath
1545:who controlled the
1516:Prabhakara-vardhana
1430:Victory over Harsha
1261:Umar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb
862:, was the greatest
148:Chalukyas of Vatapi
5296:Nijaguna Shivayogi
4700:Bangalore division
4136:The India They Saw
3884:Upinder Singh 2008
3847:Upinder Singh 2008
3686:Abraham Eraly 2011
3558:Abraham Eraly 2011
3377:Tsai Chiashan 2006
3249:Upinder Singh 2008
2805:Abraham Eraly 2011
2725:, pp. 48, 51.
2345:
2337:
2289:In popular culture
2160:
2127:Aihole inscription
2032:
1963:
1809:
1792:Battle of Pullalur
1782:on their bodies".
1358:Mauryas of Konkana
1352:Mauryas of Konkana
1267:, of the tribe of
1183:Aihole inscription
1176:Military conquests
1095:Aihole inscription
919:Aihole inscription
915:Mauryas of Konkana
901:in the south. The
789:Jagadhekamalla III
531:Beta Vijayaditya V
441:Vishnuvardhana III
401:Vishnu Vardhana II
183:Chalukya dynasties
5560:
5559:
5504:Jakanachari Award
5341:Shishunala Sharif
5052:Togalu gombeyaata
4905:
4904:
4758:Belagavi division
4602:Kingdom of Mysore
4582:Kalyani Chalukyas
4391:Southern birdwing
4216:978-81-317-1677-9
4192:978-986-81419-8-8
4146:978-81-8430-106-9
4125:978-0-7867-2544-1
4087:978-81-208-0281-0
4025:978-0-7914-1355-5
3985:978-81-208-0641-2
3964:978-0-670-08478-4
3940:978-93-325-1157-6
3835:K. V. Ramesh 1984
3794:978-1-61530-201-7
3727:, pp. 95–96.
3635:, pp. 75–76.
3572:, pp. 96–97.
3560:, pp. 58–59.
3452:Sandhya Jain 2011
3398:Sandhya Jain 2011
3278:, pp. 90–91.
3239:, pp. 80–81.
3207:, pp. 81–83.
3171:, pp. 87–88.
3069:, pp. 83–84.
3007:, pp. 78–78.
2895:978-0-19-991636-8
2843:, pp. 73–74.
2758:, pp. 48–49.
2682:, pp. 76–77.
2680:K. V. Ramesh 1984
2617:Sandhya Jain 2011
2607:, pp. 67–68.
2593:K. V. Ramesh 1984
2546:K. V. Ramesh 1984
2325:Narasimhavarman I
2237:, and includes a
2012:Foreign relations
1926:Vijaya-Bhattarika
1877:Narasimhavarman I
1865:Narasimhavarman I
1597:Vindhya mountains
1436:Battle of Narmada
1308:Gangas of Talakad
1121:Date of ascension
985:Shaivite Hinduism
974:Narasimhavarman I
866:who reigned from
864:Chalukyan Emperor
842:
841:
807:
806:
769:Jagadhekamalla II
680:Western Chalukyas
669:
668:
651:Rajaraja Narendra
581:Chalukya Bhima II
461:Vishnuvardhana IV
362:Eastern Chalukyas
351:
350:
292:Vijaya-Bhattarika
177:
176:
129:Ranaragha-varman
16:(Redirected from
5610:
5514:Kempegowda Award
5494:Basava Puraskara
5489:Nrupatunga Award
5361:V. Seetharamaiah
5182:
5175:
5168:
5161:
5154:
5147:
5140:
5133:
5131:Western Chalukya
5126:
5119:
5112:
5105:
5098:
5072:Mysore musicians
5002:Channapatna toys
4919:Cities and towns
4872:Dakshina Kannada
4696:
4695:
4662:Veera Ballala II
4597:Kittur Chennamma
4557:Kingdom of Coorg
4532:Chalukya dynasty
4282:
4272:
4265:
4258:
4249:
4248:
4243:
4220:
4196:
4175:
4164:
4150:
4129:
4108:
4091:
4070:
4051:
4029:
4008:
3989:
3968:
3944:
3913:
3912:
3905:
3899:
3893:
3887:
3881:
3875:
3869:
3850:
3844:
3838:
3832:
3826:
3820:
3814:
3808:
3799:
3798:
3778:
3772:
3766:
3760:
3754:
3743:
3737:
3728:
3722:
3716:
3710:
3701:
3695:
3689:
3683:
3677:
3671:
3660:
3654:
3648:
3642:
3636:
3630:
3624:
3618:
3609:
3603:
3597:
3591:
3585:
3579:
3573:
3567:
3561:
3555:
3549:
3543:
3537:
3531:
3520:
3514:
3503:
3497:
3491:
3485:
3479:
3473:
3467:
3461:
3455:
3449:
3443:
3437:
3428:
3422:
3416:
3410:
3401:
3395:
3380:
3374:
3363:
3357:
3348:
3342:
3329:
3323:
3312:
3306:
3300:
3294:
3279:
3273:
3267:
3261:
3252:
3246:
3240:
3234:
3223:
3217:
3208:
3202:
3196:
3190:
3184:
3178:
3172:
3166:
3160:
3154:
3145:
3139:
3128:
3122:
3116:
3110:
3104:
3098:
3087:
3081:
3070:
3064:
3055:
3049:
3038:
3032:
3023:
3017:
3008:
3002:
2996:
2995:
2983:
2977:
2971:
2958:
2952:
2946:
2940:
2925:
2924:
2906:
2900:
2899:
2881:
2875:
2869:
2856:
2850:
2844:
2838:
2832:
2826:
2820:
2814:
2808:
2802:
2791:
2785:
2774:
2768:
2759:
2753:
2747:
2741:
2726:
2720:
2714:
2708:
2683:
2677:
2668:
2662:
2649:
2643:
2637:
2631:
2620:
2614:
2608:
2602:
2596:
2590:
2584:
2578:
2561:
2555:
2549:
2543:
2534:
2528:
2515:
2514:
2504:
2498:
2497:
2484:
2478:
2477:
2470:History of India
2464:
2458:
2457:
2443:
2437:
2436:
2424:
2418:
2417:
2404:
2398:
2392:
2303:Immadi Pulikeshi
2097:Religious policy
2040:Sasanian Emperor
1911:T. V. Mahalingam
1834:Mahendravarman I
1796:Battle of Vatapi
1699:Xuanzang's visit
1554:and Pulakeshin.
1536:Maitraka dynasty
1505:Cause of the war
1497:
1494:
1476:
1473:
1458:
1455:
1424:Gurjaras of Lata
1417:Maitraka dynasty
1323:The Ganga ruler
1139:
1136:
999:Names and titles
979:Pulakeshi was a
880:peninsular India
857:
854:
834:
827:
820:
685:
684:
621:Jata Choda Bhima
501:Chalukya Bhima I
391:Indra Bhattaraka
367:
366:
198:
197:
193:Badami Chalukyas
179:
178:
87:
83:
80:
69:Chalukya Emperor
39:
38:
21:
5618:
5617:
5613:
5612:
5611:
5609:
5608:
5607:
5573:Early Chalukyas
5563:
5562:
5561:
5556:
5518:
5479:Karnataka Ratna
5465:
5417:
5390:
5326:Jagannatha Dasa
5241:Devar Dasimayya
5202:
5178:
5171:
5164:
5157:
5150:
5143:
5136:
5129:
5122:
5115:
5108:
5101:
5094:
5076:
4973:
4901:
4854:Mysore division
4848:
4800:
4752:
4748:Chikkaballapura
4713:Bangalore Rural
4708:Bangalore Urban
4681:
4672:Vikramaditya VI
4667:Vikramaditya II
4592:Shivappa Nayaka
4577:Kadamba dynasty
4483:
4395:
4305:
4290:
4276:
4246:
4240:
4217:
4193:
4147:
4126:
4118:. Basic Books.
4088:
4026:
3986:
3965:
3941:
3922:
3917:
3916:
3907:
3906:
3902:
3894:
3890:
3882:
3878:
3870:
3853:
3845:
3841:
3833:
3829:
3821:
3817:
3809:
3802:
3795:
3779:
3775:
3767:
3763:
3755:
3746:
3738:
3731:
3723:
3719:
3711:
3704:
3696:
3692:
3684:
3680:
3672:
3663:
3655:
3651:
3643:
3639:
3631:
3627:
3619:
3612:
3604:
3600:
3592:
3588:
3580:
3576:
3568:
3564:
3556:
3552:
3544:
3540:
3532:
3523:
3515:
3506:
3498:
3494:
3486:
3482:
3474:
3470:
3462:
3458:
3450:
3446:
3438:
3431:
3423:
3419:
3411:
3404:
3396:
3383:
3375:
3366:
3358:
3351:
3343:
3332:
3324:
3315:
3307:
3303:
3295:
3282:
3274:
3270:
3262:
3255:
3247:
3243:
3235:
3226:
3218:
3211:
3203:
3199:
3191:
3187:
3179:
3175:
3167:
3163:
3155:
3148:
3140:
3131:
3123:
3119:
3111:
3107:
3099:
3090:
3082:
3073:
3065:
3058:
3050:
3041:
3033:
3026:
3018:
3011:
3003:
2999:
2984:
2980:
2972:
2961:
2953:
2949:
2941:
2928:
2921:
2907:
2903:
2896:
2882:
2878:
2870:
2859:
2851:
2847:
2839:
2835:
2827:
2823:
2815:
2811:
2803:
2794:
2786:
2777:
2769:
2762:
2754:
2750:
2742:
2729:
2721:
2717:
2709:
2686:
2678:
2671:
2663:
2652:
2644:
2640:
2632:
2623:
2615:
2611:
2603:
2599:
2591:
2587:
2579:
2564:
2556:
2552:
2544:
2537:
2529:
2518:
2505:
2501:
2493:. p. 117.
2485:
2481:
2465:
2461:
2444:
2440:
2432:. p. 219.
2426:
2425:
2421:
2413:. p. 117.
2405:
2401:
2393:
2389:
2384:
2350:
2291:
2152:
2135:
2099:
2091:Parsi Community
2075:Sasanian Empire
2050:James Fergusson
2019:
2014:
1999:Vishnu-vardhana
1951:
1889:Vishnu-vardhana
1885:
1798:
1788:
1722:Chalukya Empire
1701:
1688:Vishnu-vardhana
1660:
1617:Dakshina Kosala
1610:
1568:
1507:
1495:
1489:Vishnu-vardhana
1474:
1456:
1450:
1442:Harsha-vardhana
1438:
1432:
1378:
1354:
1346:Shilabhattarika
1310:
1290:
1256:
1250:
1227:
1191:
1178:
1137:
1123:
1086:succeeded him.
1076:
1031:Maharajadhiraja
1001:
958:Vishnu-vardhana
946:Dakshina Kosala
860:Immaḍi Pulakeśi
855:
851:: Pulakeśhi r.
838:
809:
808:
749:Vikramaditya VI
682:
671:
670:
661:Vijayaditya VII
551:Vikramaditya II
491:Vijayaditya III
364:
353:
352:
333:Vikramaditya II
195:
170:
134:
130:
128:
124:
85:
81:
62:Karnatakeshwara
61:
59:
57:Maharajadhiraja
55:
53:
51:
49:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5616:
5606:
5605:
5603:Chalukya kings
5600:
5598:Hindu monarchs
5595:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5575:
5558:
5557:
5555:
5554:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5528:
5526:
5520:
5519:
5517:
5516:
5511:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5475:
5473:
5467:
5466:
5464:
5463:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5446:National parks
5443:
5438:
5433:
5427:
5425:
5419:
5418:
5416:
5415:
5410:
5404:
5402:
5392:
5391:
5389:
5388:
5383:
5381:D. V. Gundappa
5378:
5373:
5371:M. Govinda Pai
5368:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5323:
5318:
5313:
5308:
5306:Purandara Dasa
5303:
5301:Ratnakaravarni
5298:
5293:
5288:
5283:
5278:
5273:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5212:
5210:
5204:
5203:
5201:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5184:
5183:
5176:
5169:
5162:
5155:
5148:
5141:
5134:
5127:
5120:
5113:
5106:
5099:
5086:
5084:
5078:
5077:
5075:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5032:Karnatik music
5029:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4983:
4981:
4975:
4974:
4972:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4915:
4913:
4907:
4906:
4903:
4902:
4900:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4862:Chamarajanagar
4858:
4856:
4850:
4849:
4847:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4810:
4808:
4802:
4801:
4799:
4798:
4796:Uttara Kannada
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4762:
4760:
4754:
4753:
4751:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4704:
4702:
4693:
4683:
4682:
4680:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4657:Vishnuvardhana
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4587:Keladi Nayakas
4584:
4579:
4574:
4572:Hoysala Empire
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4493:
4491:
4485:
4484:
4482:
4481:
4476:
4474:Transportation
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4405:
4403:
4397:
4396:
4394:
4393:
4387:
4381:
4372:
4363:
4354:
4345:
4343:Asian elephant
4335:
4334:
4325:
4315:
4313:
4307:
4306:
4295:
4292:
4291:
4275:
4274:
4267:
4260:
4252:
4245:
4244:
4238:
4221:
4215:
4197:
4191:
4176:
4165:
4151:
4145:
4130:
4124:
4109:
4092:
4086:
4071:
4052:
4030:
4024:
4018:. SUNY Press.
4009:
3990:
3984:
3969:
3963:
3945:
3939:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3915:
3914:
3900:
3898:, p. 205.
3888:
3876:
3851:
3849:, p. 554.
3839:
3827:
3815:
3800:
3793:
3773:
3771:, p. 181.
3761:
3759:, p. 183.
3744:
3742:, p. 182.
3729:
3717:
3702:
3700:, p. 327.
3690:
3678:
3661:
3649:
3637:
3625:
3610:
3598:
3586:
3574:
3562:
3550:
3538:
3536:, p. 217.
3521:
3504:
3502:, p. 216.
3492:
3480:
3468:
3456:
3444:
3442:, p. 219.
3429:
3417:
3402:
3400:, p. 266.
3381:
3379:, p. 428.
3364:
3362:, p. 218.
3349:
3330:
3313:
3311:, p. 215.
3301:
3280:
3268:
3253:
3251:, p. 555.
3241:
3224:
3222:, p. 209.
3209:
3197:
3185:
3173:
3161:
3146:
3129:
3127:, p. 213.
3117:
3105:
3103:, p. 214.
3088:
3086:, p. 208.
3071:
3056:
3039:
3024:
3009:
2997:
2978:
2959:
2947:
2926:
2919:
2901:
2894:
2876:
2857:
2845:
2833:
2831:, p. 212.
2821:
2809:
2792:
2775:
2760:
2748:
2727:
2715:
2684:
2669:
2667:, p. 211.
2650:
2648:, p. 209.
2638:
2621:
2619:, p. 246.
2609:
2597:
2585:
2583:, p. 207.
2562:
2560:, p. 279.
2550:
2535:
2516:
2499:
2479:
2459:
2438:
2419:
2399:
2397:, p. 134.
2386:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2379:
2378:
2372:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2349:
2346:
2329:
2328:
2311:
2295:
2290:
2287:
2286:
2285:
2282:
2279:
2271:
2270:
2243:Godavari River
2228:
2216:
2213:
2210:
2207:
2204:
2197:
2194:Paramaveshvara
2190:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2178:
2175:
2171:
2151:
2148:
2134:
2131:
2103:Shaivite Hindu
2098:
2095:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1945:
1939:
1936:Vikramaditya I
1933:
1929:
1919:
1884:
1881:
1787:
1784:
1700:
1697:
1659:
1656:
1648:Andhra Pradesh
1609:
1606:
1576:Harsha-charita
1567:
1564:
1524:Rajya-vardhana
1506:
1503:
1480:Vikramaditya I
1449:
1446:
1431:
1428:
1394:Harshavardhana
1377:
1374:
1353:
1350:
1329:Vikramaditya I
1309:
1306:
1289:
1286:
1252:Main article:
1249:
1246:
1226:
1223:
1190:
1187:
1177:
1174:
1122:
1119:
1075:
1072:
1000:
997:
938:Harshavardhana
933:in the north.
887:Kirttivarman I
840:
839:
837:
836:
829:
822:
814:
811:
810:
805:
804:
801:
795:
794:
791:
785:
784:
781:
775:
774:
771:
765:
764:
761:
759:Someshvara III
755:
754:
751:
745:
744:
741:
735:
734:
731:
725:
724:
721:
715:
714:
711:
709:Vikramaditya V
705:
704:
701:
695:
694:
691:
683:
677:
676:
673:
672:
667:
666:
663:
657:
656:
653:
647:
646:
643:
637:
636:
633:
631:Shaktivarman I
627:
626:
623:
617:
616:
613:
607:
606:
603:
597:
596:
593:
587:
586:
583:
577:
576:
573:
571:Yuddhamalla II
567:
566:
563:
557:
556:
553:
547:
546:
543:
537:
536:
533:
527:
526:
523:
517:
516:
513:
511:Vijayaditya IV
507:
506:
503:
497:
496:
493:
487:
486:
483:
477:
476:
473:
471:Vijayaditya II
467:
466:
463:
457:
456:
453:
447:
446:
443:
437:
436:
433:
427:
426:
423:
417:
416:
413:
411:Mangi Yuvaraja
407:
406:
403:
397:
396:
393:
387:
386:
383:
377:
376:
373:
365:
359:
358:
355:
354:
349:
348:
345:
343:Kirtivarman II
339:
338:
335:
329:
328:
325:
319:
318:
315:
309:
308:
305:
303:Vikramaditya I
299:
298:
295:
288:
287:
284:
278:
277:
274:
268:
267:
264:
258:
257:
254:
248:
247:
244:
238:
237:
234:
232:Kirttivarman I
228:
227:
224:
218:
217:
214:
208:
207:
204:
196:
190:
189:
186:
185:
175:
174:
165:
161:
160:
158:Kirttivarman I
155:
151:
150:
145:
139:
138:
132:Vikramaditya I
119:
113:
112:
109:
108:
103:
99:
98:
93:
89:
88:
76:
72:
71:
65:
64:
44:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5615:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5588:Indian Hindus
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5570:
5568:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5529:
5527:
5525:
5521:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5476:
5474:
5472:
5468:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5451:Hindu temples
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5428:
5426:
5424:
5420:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5405:
5403:
5401:
5397:
5393:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5304:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5256:Allama Prabhu
5254:
5252:
5251:Akka Mahadevi
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5226:Adikavi Pampa
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5213:
5211:
5209:
5205:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5181:
5177:
5174:
5170:
5167:
5163:
5160:
5156:
5153:
5149:
5146:
5142:
5139:
5135:
5132:
5128:
5125:
5124:Western Ganga
5121:
5118:
5114:
5111:
5107:
5104:
5100:
5097:
5093:
5092:
5091:
5088:
5087:
5085:
5083:
5079:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5057:Udupi cuisine
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5047:Mysore Dasara
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5012:Gaarudi Gombe
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4987:Bharatanatyam
4985:
4984:
4982:
4980:
4976:
4970:
4969:Western Ghats
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4949:Highest point
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4916:
4914:
4912:
4908:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4859:
4857:
4855:
4851:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4811:
4809:
4807:
4803:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4763:
4761:
4759:
4755:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4705:
4703:
4701:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4688:
4684:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4632:Srirangapatna
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4617:Pulakeshin II
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4502:Alupa dynasty
4500:
4498:
4495:
4494:
4492:
4490:
4486:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4406:
4404:
4402:
4398:
4392:
4388:
4386:
4385:Carnatic carp
4382:
4380:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4352:Indian roller
4349:
4346:
4344:
4340:
4337:
4336:
4333:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4320:
4317:
4316:
4314:
4312:
4311:State symbols
4308:
4304:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4289:
4285:
4281:
4273:
4268:
4266:
4261:
4259:
4254:
4253:
4250:
4241:
4239:90-04-14832-9
4235:
4231:
4227:
4222:
4218:
4212:
4208:
4207:
4202:
4201:Upinder Singh
4198:
4194:
4188:
4184:
4183:
4177:
4173:
4172:
4166:
4162:
4161:
4156:
4152:
4148:
4142:
4138:
4137:
4131:
4127:
4121:
4117:
4116:
4110:
4106:
4102:
4098:
4093:
4089:
4083:
4079:
4078:
4072:
4068:
4064:
4060:
4059:
4053:
4049:
4045:
4041:
4040:
4035:
4031:
4027:
4021:
4017:
4016:
4010:
4006:
4002:
3998:
3997:
3991:
3987:
3981:
3977:
3976:
3970:
3966:
3960:
3956:
3955:
3950:
3949:Abraham Eraly
3946:
3942:
3936:
3932:
3931:
3925:
3924:
3910:
3904:
3897:
3892:
3885:
3880:
3874:, p. 69.
3873:
3868:
3866:
3864:
3862:
3860:
3858:
3856:
3848:
3843:
3837:, p. 90.
3836:
3831:
3825:, p. 40.
3824:
3819:
3812:
3807:
3805:
3796:
3790:
3786:
3785:
3777:
3770:
3765:
3758:
3753:
3751:
3749:
3741:
3736:
3734:
3726:
3721:
3715:, p. 98.
3714:
3709:
3707:
3699:
3694:
3688:, p. 59.
3687:
3682:
3676:, p. 73.
3675:
3670:
3668:
3666:
3658:
3653:
3646:
3641:
3634:
3629:
3623:, p. 95.
3622:
3617:
3615:
3607:
3602:
3596:, p. 99.
3595:
3590:
3584:, p. 97.
3583:
3578:
3571:
3566:
3559:
3554:
3547:
3542:
3535:
3530:
3528:
3526:
3519:, p. 96.
3518:
3513:
3511:
3509:
3501:
3496:
3489:
3484:
3478:, p. 93.
3477:
3472:
3465:
3460:
3453:
3448:
3441:
3436:
3434:
3426:
3421:
3414:
3409:
3407:
3399:
3394:
3392:
3390:
3388:
3386:
3378:
3373:
3371:
3369:
3361:
3356:
3354:
3347:, p. 92.
3346:
3341:
3339:
3337:
3335:
3328:, p. 94.
3327:
3322:
3320:
3318:
3310:
3305:
3299:, p. 91.
3298:
3293:
3291:
3289:
3287:
3285:
3277:
3272:
3266:, p. 90.
3265:
3260:
3258:
3250:
3245:
3238:
3233:
3231:
3229:
3221:
3216:
3214:
3206:
3201:
3195:, p. 86.
3194:
3189:
3182:
3177:
3170:
3165:
3159:, p. 82.
3158:
3153:
3151:
3144:, p. 81.
3143:
3138:
3136:
3134:
3126:
3121:
3115:, p. 83.
3114:
3109:
3102:
3097:
3095:
3093:
3085:
3080:
3078:
3076:
3068:
3063:
3061:
3054:, p. 80.
3053:
3048:
3046:
3044:
3037:, p. 78.
3036:
3031:
3029:
3022:, p. 79.
3021:
3016:
3014:
3006:
3001:
2993:
2989:
2982:
2976:, p. 77.
2975:
2970:
2968:
2966:
2964:
2956:
2951:
2945:, p. 76.
2944:
2939:
2937:
2935:
2933:
2931:
2922:
2920:9788185126463
2916:
2912:
2905:
2897:
2891:
2887:
2880:
2874:, p. 75.
2873:
2868:
2866:
2864:
2862:
2855:, p. 74.
2854:
2849:
2842:
2837:
2830:
2825:
2819:, p. 73.
2818:
2813:
2807:, p. 58.
2806:
2801:
2799:
2797:
2790:, p. 72.
2789:
2784:
2782:
2780:
2773:, p. 51.
2772:
2767:
2765:
2757:
2752:
2746:, p. 71.
2745:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2724:
2719:
2713:, p. 70.
2712:
2707:
2705:
2703:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2693:
2691:
2689:
2681:
2676:
2674:
2666:
2661:
2659:
2657:
2655:
2647:
2642:
2636:, p. 59.
2635:
2630:
2628:
2626:
2618:
2613:
2606:
2601:
2595:, p. 76.
2594:
2589:
2582:
2577:
2575:
2573:
2571:
2569:
2567:
2559:
2554:
2548:, p. 77.
2547:
2542:
2540:
2533:, p. 68.
2532:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2521:
2512:
2511:
2503:
2496:
2492:
2491:
2483:
2476:
2472:
2471:
2463:
2456:
2451:
2450:
2442:
2435:
2431:
2430:
2423:
2416:
2412:
2411:
2403:
2396:
2391:
2387:
2376:
2373:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2351:
2341:
2333:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2317:
2312:
2309:
2305:
2304:
2300:
2299:Kannada film
2296:
2293:
2292:
2283:
2280:
2276:
2275:
2274:
2268:
2264:
2263:full-moon day
2260:
2259:Brahmi script
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2233:
2229:
2226:
2221:
2220:Peddavaduguru
2217:
2214:
2211:
2208:
2205:
2202:
2198:
2195:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2172:
2169:
2165:
2164:
2163:
2156:
2147:
2145:
2141:
2130:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2094:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2071:
2068:
2064:
2059:
2055:
2054:Ajanta Cave 1
2051:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2037:
2029:
2023:
2009:
2007:
2002:
2000:
1996:
1995:Vishnukundins
1991:
1989:
1985:
1979:
1977:
1971:
1968:
1960:
1955:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1932:Vikramaditya.
1930:
1927:
1923:
1920:
1918:(c.645–646?).
1917:
1916:Abhinavaditya
1912:
1908:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1890:
1880:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1861:
1857:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1845:Peddavaduguru
1841:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1825:
1822:
1821:Vishnukundins
1818:
1814:
1806:
1802:
1797:
1793:
1783:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1756:Bharukachchha
1753:
1748:
1746:
1742:
1741:war elephants
1738:
1733:
1731:
1725:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1706:
1696:
1692:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1675:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1655:
1653:
1649:
1646:and northern
1645:
1641:
1636:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1619:(present-day
1618:
1613:
1605:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1591:
1586:
1584:
1579:
1577:
1573:
1563:
1561:
1560:Narmada River
1555:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1539:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1512:
1502:
1499:
1496: 618 CE
1490:
1484:
1481:
1475: 612 CE
1469:
1465:
1460:
1457: 615 CE
1445:
1443:
1437:
1427:
1425:
1420:
1418:
1414:
1409:
1407:
1401:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1373:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1349:
1347:
1343:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1321:
1319:
1315:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1295:
1285:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1271:, to capture
1270:
1266:
1262:
1255:
1245:
1243:
1238:
1236:
1232:
1222:
1220:
1215:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1186:
1184:
1173:
1171:
1167:
1166:
1161:
1157:
1156:solar eclipse
1152:
1150:
1146:
1141:
1132:
1128:
1125:Pulakeshin's
1118:
1116:
1111:
1110:Peddavaduguru
1106:
1104:
1098:
1096:
1092:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1080:Kirthivarma I
1071:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1056:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1045:Shri-vallabha
1042:
1038:
1037:
1032:
1028:
1023:
1021:
1016:
1014:
1010:
1009:Peddavaduguru
1006:
996:
994:
990:
986:
982:
977:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
954:Vishnukundina
951:
947:
943:
939:
934:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
883:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
850:
846:
835:
830:
828:
823:
821:
816:
815:
813:
812:
802:
800:
799:Someshvara IV
797:
796:
792:
790:
787:
786:
782:
780:
777:
776:
772:
770:
767:
766:
762:
760:
757:
756:
752:
750:
747:
746:
742:
740:
739:Someshvara II
737:
736:
732:
730:
727:
726:
722:
720:
717:
716:
712:
710:
707:
706:
702:
700:
697:
696:
692:
690:
687:
686:
681:
675:
674:
664:
662:
659:
658:
654:
652:
649:
648:
644:
642:
639:
638:
634:
632:
629:
628:
624:
622:
619:
618:
614:
612:
609:
608:
604:
602:
599:
598:
594:
592:
589:
588:
584:
582:
579:
578:
574:
572:
569:
568:
564:
562:
559:
558:
554:
552:
549:
548:
544:
542:
539:
538:
534:
532:
529:
528:
524:
522:
519:
518:
514:
512:
509:
508:
504:
502:
499:
498:
494:
492:
489:
488:
484:
482:
479:
478:
474:
472:
469:
468:
464:
462:
459:
458:
454:
452:
449:
448:
444:
442:
439:
438:
434:
432:
429:
428:
424:
422:
419:
418:
414:
412:
409:
408:
404:
402:
399:
398:
394:
392:
389:
388:
384:
382:
379:
378:
374:
372:
369:
368:
363:
357:
356:
346:
344:
341:
340:
336:
334:
331:
330:
326:
324:
321:
320:
316:
314:
311:
310:
306:
304:
301:
300:
296:
293:
290:
289:
285:
283:
280:
279:
275:
273:
272:Abhinavaditya
270:
269:
265:
263:
260:
259:
255:
253:
252:Pulakeshin II
250:
249:
245:
243:
240:
239:
235:
233:
230:
229:
225:
223:
220:
219:
215:
213:
210:
209:
205:
203:
200:
199:
194:
188:
187:
184:
181:
180:
173:
169:
166:
162:
159:
156:
152:
149:
146:
144:
140:
137:
133:
127:
123:
120:
118:
114:
110:
107:
104:
100:
97:
94:
90:
86: 642 CE
77:
73:
70:
66:
63:
60:Parameshvara
58:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
5456:Jain temples
5351:D. R. Bendre
5286:Kumara Vyasa
5145:Vijayanagara
4954:Bayalu Seeme
4839:Vijayanagara
4652:Vijayanagara
4616:
4607:Mayurasharma
4542:Deva Raya II
4507:Amoghavarsha
4409:Architecture
4300:
4229:
4205:
4181:
4170:
4159:
4135:
4114:
4104:
4100:
4076:
4057:
4038:
4014:
3995:
3974:
3953:
3929:
3920:Bibliography
3903:
3891:
3879:
3842:
3830:
3818:
3813:, p. 3.
3783:
3776:
3764:
3720:
3693:
3681:
3652:
3640:
3628:
3601:
3589:
3577:
3565:
3553:
3541:
3495:
3483:
3471:
3459:
3447:
3420:
3415:, p. 7.
3304:
3271:
3244:
3200:
3188:
3176:
3164:
3120:
3108:
3000:
2991:
2981:
2950:
2910:
2904:
2885:
2879:
2848:
2836:
2824:
2812:
2751:
2718:
2641:
2612:
2600:
2588:
2553:
2509:
2502:
2494:
2489:
2482:
2474:
2469:
2462:
2453:
2448:
2441:
2433:
2428:
2422:
2414:
2409:
2402:
2390:
2314:
2308:Dr. Rajkumar
2301:
2272:
2218:The undated
2200:
2193:
2161:
2150:Inscriptions
2136:
2100:
2072:
2047:
2033:
2003:
1992:
1980:
1976:D. C. Sircar
1972:
1964:
1922:Chandraditya
1903:Adityavarman
1897:
1886:
1862:
1858:
1843:The undated
1842:
1826:
1810:
1804:
1780:smeared dust
1776:Ajanta Caves
1749:
1734:
1726:
1702:
1693:
1676:
1668:Kolleru Lake
1661:
1637:
1633:D. C. Sircar
1623:and western
1621:Chhattisgarh
1614:
1611:
1594:
1590:Rashtrakutas
1587:
1580:
1575:
1571:
1569:
1556:
1543:Later Guptas
1540:
1508:
1500:
1485:
1464:K. V. Ramesh
1461:
1451:
1439:
1421:
1410:
1402:
1379:
1355:
1322:
1311:
1302:
1298:
1291:
1257:
1239:
1228:
1218:
1216:
1192:
1179:
1163:
1153:
1148:
1142:
1124:
1108:The undated
1107:
1099:
1088:
1077:
1068:Parameshvara
1067:
1057:
1049:Parameshvara
1048:
1044:
1040:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1024:
1019:
1017:
1013:K. V. Ramesh
1002:
978:
935:
884:
859:
845:Pulakeshi II
844:
843:
729:Someshvara I
719:Jayasimha II
421:Jayasimha II
282:Chandraditya
262:Adityavarman
251:
222:Pulakeshin I
126:Chandraditya
122:Adityavarman
106:Adityavarman
50:Satyashraya
47:
42:Pulakeshi II
36:
5578:640s deaths
5484:Pampa Award
5321:Gopala Dasa
5316:Vijaya Dasa
5311:Kanaka Dasa
5276:Rudrabhatta
5221:Gunavarma I
5208:Noted poets
5117:Rashtrakuta
4867:Chikmagalur
4743:Ramanagara
4718:Chitradurga
4637:Tipu Sultan
3999:. Abhinav.
2079:Zoroastrian
2056:depicted a
1830:Kanchipuram
1629:Panduvamshi
1200:Maharashtra
1074:Early years
779:Tailapa III
699:Satyashraya
641:Vimaladitya
381:Jayasimha I
323:Vijayaditya
313:Vinayaditya
172:Vaishnavism
92:Predecessor
54:Bhattaraka
18:Pulakesi II
5567:Categories
5547:Television
5537:Newspapers
5461:Waterfalls
5271:Raghavanka
5261:Siddharama
5096:Milestones
5082:Literature
5067:Yakshagana
5017:Ilkal sari
4824:Kalaburagi
4723:Davanagere
4612:Pattadakal
4429:Demography
4370:Sandalwood
4107:: 205–209.
2455:mahimnam).
2382:References
2319:(1948) by
2225:Mangalesha
2043:Khosrow II
1883:Succession
1853:Early life
1790:See also:
1745:front line
1664:Pishtapura
1434:See also:
1398:Kalachuris
1388:, and the
1138: 610
1084:Mangalesha
1027:Bhattaraka
929:, and the
891:Mangalesha
878:region in
856: 610
689:Tailapa II
678:Kalyani /
242:Mangalesha
96:Mangalesha
84: – c.
82: 610
5542:Magazines
5331:Lakshmisa
5291:Chamarasa
5231:Sri Ponna
5198:Karnataka
5062:Veeragase
4997:Bidriware
4992:Buta Kola
4924:Districts
4911:Geography
4691:divisions
4687:Districts
4547:Durvinita
4522:Balligavi
4449:Geography
4444:Folk arts
4439:Education
4401:Overviews
4302:Bengaluru
4288:Karnataka
4232:. BRILL.
4067:567370037
4048:174404606
2306:starring
2297:The 1967
2267:Vaishakha
2239:prashasti
2036:Al-Tabari
1817:Chalukyas
1737:Kshatriya
1714:see above
1366:Gharapuri
1337:Kongunadu
1325:Durvinita
1168:) of the
1140:–611 CE.
1127:Hyderabad
1064:Al-Tabari
872:Karnataka
803:1184–1200
793:1163–1183
783:1151–1164
773:1138–1151
763:1126–1138
753:1076–1126
743:1068–1076
733:1042–1068
723:1015–1042
713:1008–1015
665:1061-1075
655:1019–1061
645:1011–1018
635:1000–1011
611:Danarnava
202:Jayasimha
191:Vatapi /
102:Successor
5336:Sarvajna
5266:Harihara
5159:Haridasa
5110:Medieval
4959:Malenadu
4944:Villages
4771:Belagavi
4766:Bagalkot
4738:Tumakuru
4627:Sringeri
4552:Halebidu
4517:Banavasi
4479:Wildlife
4389:Insect:
4203:(2008).
4157:(1980).
3951:(2011).
2348:See also
2232:Kaushika
2168:Mahadeva
2144:Kalidasa
2119:Hinayana
2115:Mahayana
2111:Buddhist
2107:Xuanzang
2058:Sasanian
1988:Khandesh
1967:Xuanzang
1838:Pullalur
1813:Pallavas
1770:emperor
1705:Xuanzang
1680:Godavari
1602:Vindhyas
1583:Xuanzang
1551:Maitraka
1528:Maukhari
1390:Gurjaras
1360:(modern
1333:Pallavas
1235:Banavasi
1231:Kadambas
1170:Jyeshtha
1165:amavasya
1160:new moon
1060:Xuanzang
1041:Vallabha
989:Buddhism
970:Pallavas
942:Xuanzang
931:Gurjaras
911:Talakadu
905:and the
899:Banavasi
895:Kadambas
703:997–1008
561:Bhima II
360:Vengi /
294:(regent)
212:Ranaraga
164:Religion
5431:Beaches
5423:Tourism
5400:society
5376:Kuvempu
5152:Vachana
5138:Hoysala
5090:Kannada
5027:Kannada
5022:Kamsale
4979:Culture
4834:Raichur
4814:Ballari
4781:Dharwad
4776:Bijapur
4733:Shimoga
4562:Halmidi
4489:History
4454:History
4434:Economy
4424:Cuisine
4419:Climate
4297:Capital
4005:8313041
2265:in the
2247:Paithan
2201:vishaya
2196:on him.
2087:Islamic
1984:Konkana
1907:Kurnool
1849:vishaya
1768:Mauryan
1718:Pallava
1684:Krishna
1640:Kalinga
1532:Gurjara
1386:Malavas
1370:Janjira
1318:Talakad
1281:Bahrayn
1273:Bahrayn
1158:on the
1103:Lakshmi
950:Kalinga
927:Malavas
693:957–997
625:973–999
615:970–973
595:947–970
591:Amma II
585:935–947
575:928–935
555:927–928
525:921–927
505:892–921
495:849–892
485:847–849
475:808–847
465:772–808
455:755–772
445:719–755
431:Kokkili
425:706–718
415:682–706
405:673–682
385:641–673
375:624–641
347:746–753
337:733–746
327:696–733
317:680–696
307:655–680
297:650-655
286:646-649
276:645-646
266:643-645
256:609–642
246:597–609
236:566–597
226:540–566
216:520-540
206:500-520
168:Jainism
143:Dynasty
5532:Cinema
5471:Awards
5396:People
5246:Basava
5180:Modern
5166:Mysore
5042:Khedda
5037:Kasuti
4964:Kanara
4939:Taluks
4929:Rivers
4892:Mysore
4887:Mandya
4882:Kodagu
4877:Hassan
4844:Yadgir
4829:Koppal
4786:Haveri
4512:Badami
4497:Aihole
4469:Sports
4464:People
4414:Cinema
4383:Fish:
4357:Flower
4339:Animal
4319:Emblem
4236:
4213:
4189:
4143:
4122:
4084:
4065:
4046:
4022:
4003:
3982:
3961:
3937:
3791:
2917:
2892:
2174:grant.
2067:Buddha
2063:Jataka
2028:Ajanta
1869:Vatapi
1819:. The
1772:Ashoka
1764:stupas
1760:Nashik
1710:Harsha
1644:Odisha
1625:Odisha
1572:harsha
1566:Result
1384:, the
1362:Konkan
1314:Gangas
1294:Alupas
1288:Alupas
1242:Alupas
1117:king.
1053:Harsha
1043:, and
1020:biruda
991:, and
925:, the
917:. His
907:Gangas
903:Alupas
876:Deccan
868:Vatapi
601:Tala I
541:Tala I
521:Amma I
154:Father
5552:Radio
5524:Media
5441:Forts
5281:Janna
5236:Ranna
5216:Asaga
5103:Epics
4897:Udupi
4819:Bidar
4791:Gadag
4728:Kolar
4567:Hampi
4527:Belur
4459:Media
4379:Mango
4375:Fruit
4361:Lotus
4284:State
4105:XCIII
2249:, in
2235:gotra
2140:Bhasa
1754:from
1547:Malwa
1413:Malwa
1406:Kheda
1382:Latas
1269:Sakif
1265:Usman
1219:bheda
1196:Bhima
1162:day (
1131:Shaka
981:Jaina
966:Vengi
923:Latas
117:Issue
75:Reign
5436:Dams
5398:and
5173:Play
4689:and
4366:Tree
4348:Bird
4328:Song
4234:ISBN
4211:ISBN
4187:ISBN
4141:ISBN
4120:ISBN
4082:ISBN
4063:OCLC
4044:OCLC
4020:ISBN
4001:OCLC
3980:ISBN
3959:ISBN
3935:ISBN
3789:ISBN
2915:ISBN
2890:ISBN
2142:and
2123:Jain
2117:and
2083:Arab
2006:Lata
1811:The
1794:and
1730:duel
1588:The
1520:Bana
1466:and
1448:Date
1277:Oman
1275:and
1212:Nala
1115:Bana
1029:and
1005:IAST
948:and
849:IAST
4286:of
1372:).
1316:of
1233:of
1145:Goa
964:of
909:of
897:of
605:970
565:928
545:927
535:927
515:921
435:719
395:673
5569::
4377::
4368::
4359::
4350::
4341::
4330::
4321::
4299::
4228:.
4103:.
4099:.
3854:^
3803:^
3747:^
3732:^
3705:^
3664:^
3613:^
3524:^
3507:^
3432:^
3405:^
3384:^
3367:^
3352:^
3333:^
3316:^
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