168:
22:
114:
136:
293:
Typically, an area of white lung is seen on a standard X-ray. Consolidated tissue is more radio-opaque than normally aerated lung parenchyma, so that it is clearly demonstrable in
185:
that has filled with liquid instead of air. The condition is marked by induration (swelling or hardening of normally soft tissue) of a normally aerated lung. It is considered a
897:
377:
Metlay JP, Kapoor WN, Fine MJ (1997). "Does this patient have community-acquired pneumonia? Diagnosing pneumonia by history and physical examination".
32:
516:
1361:
1611:
93:
1116:
151:: Abnormal chest X-ray with consolidation from pneumonia in the right lung, middle or inferior lobe (white area, left side of image).
65:
1140:
912:
72:
887:
442:
1573:
1356:
1111:
509:
79:
1366:
1162:
1563:
1343:
843:
538:
533:
335:
257:) can be heard more clearly when there is consolidation, as opposed to the healthy lung where speech sounds muffled.
61:
51:
356:
1307:
1604:
1578:
1044:
502:
420:
1152:
1884:
1351:
1302:
1135:
1073:
1312:
1498:
1889:
1798:
1597:
1371:
996:
970:
695:
596:
298:
86:
40:
1833:
1147:
975:
960:
953:
858:
819:
766:
744:
702:
630:
167:
1126:
1742:
1714:
1275:
917:
833:
708:
47:
36:
1785:
1694:
1401:
1254:
1215:
1130:
1083:
782:
625:
254:
217:: the signs of lobar pneumonia are characteristic and clinically referred to as consolidation.
1689:
663:
635:
276:
1280:
1232:
1220:
1034:
992:
591:
315:
261:
892:
8:
1775:
1548:
1515:
1261:
1210:
838:
658:
525:
1406:
1271:
1227:
1059:
980:
907:
777:
190:
1863:
1818:
1813:
1664:
1641:
1528:
772:
601:
562:
494:
477:
438:
416:
394:
156:
189:. Consolidation occurs through accumulation of inflammatory cellular exudate in the
1838:
1823:
1719:
1669:
1636:
1471:
1464:
1328:
1249:
1088:
1024:
873:
386:
210:
182:
1752:
1724:
1709:
1699:
1620:
1493:
1445:
1333:
1284:
1205:
1121:
929:
250:
194:
186:
1803:
1628:
1431:
1093:
1004:
924:
734:
729:
482:
232:
1878:
1843:
1808:
1760:
1674:
1523:
1237:
948:
390:
1828:
1770:
1765:
1704:
1684:
1679:
1460:
1413:
798:
750:
619:
398:
1793:
1656:
1558:
1505:
1488:
1483:
1436:
1391:
1242:
1190:
1157:
1029:
758:
690:
653:
608:
543:
432:
294:
161:
301:. Consolidation is often a middle-to-late stage feature/complication in
1734:
1478:
1078:
1064:
1039:
1014:
1009:
943:
814:
790:
739:
613:
578:
553:
206:
50:
if you can. Unsourced or poorly sourced material may be challenged and
469:
229:
Expansion of the thorax on inspiration is reduced on the affected side
1853:
1646:
1553:
1185:
1054:
1049:
1019:
570:
302:
214:
1589:
1568:
1453:
853:
586:
245:
135:
806:
682:
198:
903:
716:
645:
724:
413:
Clinical
Examination, a Clinical Guide to Physical Diagnosis
673:
253:
is increased. Here, the patient's voice (or whisper, as in
202:
524:
433:
Corne, Jonathan; Carroll, Mary; Delany, David (2002).
379:
JAMA: The
Journal of the American Medical Association
459:
225:
Signs that consolidation may have occurred include:
205:, inhaled water, or blood (from bronchial tree or
1876:
376:
238:Percussion note is impaired in the affected area
46:Please review the contents of the article and
1605:
510:
213:). Consolidation must be present to diagnose
1612:
1598:
517:
503:
244:Possible medium, late, or pan-inspiratory
166:
134:
1117:Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema
1141:Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
193:and adjoining ducts. The liquid can be
1877:
1593:
498:
405:
370:
181:is a region of normally compressible
1619:
15:
1771:Fat pad sign/Sail sign of the elbow
1574:Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis
13:
1163:Vaping-associated pulmonary injury
526:Diseases of the respiratory system
143:Pneumonia as seen on chest X-ray.
14:
1901:
1864:Hyperdense middle cerebral artery
455:
235:is increased on the affected side
411:Talley, Nicholas Joseph (2001).
112:
20:
1579:Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
426:
349:
328:
48:add the appropriate references
1:
1153:Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
321:
1136:Respiratory hypersensitivity
1074:Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
336:"Consolidation – Definition"
287:
282:
7:
1045:Coalworker's pneumoconiosis
309:
241:Breath sounds are bronchial
33:reliable medical references
10:
1906:
898:Acute exacerbation of COPD
415:, Wiley, 4th ed., p. 121,
1852:
1784:
1751:
1733:
1655:
1627:
1541:
1514:
1444:
1430:
1384:
1342:
1321:
1295:
1198:
1184:
1175:
1104:
989:
969:
852:
832:
672:
552:
532:
463:
437:. Churchill Livingstone.
155:
142:
133:
128:
62:"Pulmonary consolidation"
39:or relies too heavily on
1834:Pneumatosis intestinalis
961:Diffuse panbronchiolitis
954:Bronchiolitis obliterans
820:Laryngotracheal stenosis
767:Laryngopharyngeal reflux
745:Laryngopharyngeal reflux
703:Laryngopharyngeal reflux
631:Nasal septum perforation
391:10.1001/jama.278.17.1440
357:"Induration- Definition"
220:
1715:Traction bronchiectasis
709:Retropharyngeal abscess
275:than calculated in the
179:pulmonary consolidation
129:Pulmonary consolidation
1695:Sail sign of the chest
1402:Pulmonary hypertension
1131:Eosinophilic pneumonia
783:Vocal cord dysfunction
626:Nasal septum deviation
255:whispered pectoriloquy
147:: Normal chest X-ray.
1690:Peribronchial cuffing
1529:Mediastinal emphysema
1308:Healthcare-associated
1238:Legionnaires' disease
664:Peritonsillar abscess
636:Nasal septal hematoma
435:Chest X-Ray Made Easy
277:alveolar gas equation
1743:Canga's bead symptom
1276:Mendelson's syndrome
1148:Hamman–Rich syndrome
316:Pulmonary infiltrate
1885:Medical terminology
1776:Osteopathia striata
1549:Respiratory failure
1516:Mediastinal disease
1084:Bird fancier's lung
659:Adenoid hypertrophy
1454:Pleuritis/pleurisy
1407:Pulmonary embolism
1303:Community-acquired
1228:Atypical bacterial
1127:Löffler's syndrome
908:Status asthmaticus
893:Chronic bronchitis
778:Vocal fold paresis
592:Vasomotor rhinitis
1872:
1871:
1819:Hot quadrate sign
1665:Air crescent sign
1642:Dense artery sign
1587:
1586:
1537:
1536:
1494:Empyema/pyothorax
1426:
1425:
1422:
1421:
1380:
1379:
1313:Hospital-acquired
1171:
1170:
1035:Caplan's syndrome
828:
827:
773:Vocal fold nodule
597:Atrophic rhinitis
492:
491:
444:978-0-443-07008-2
359:. Merriam-Webster
338:. Merriam-Webster
175:
174:
123:Medical condition
121:
120:
97:
1897:
1890:Radiologic signs
1786:Gastrointestinal
1720:Tree-in-bud sign
1670:Deep sulcus sign
1637:Aortic unfolding
1621:Radiologic signs
1614:
1607:
1600:
1591:
1590:
1472:Pleural effusion
1465:Hemopneumothorax
1442:
1441:
1196:
1195:
1182:
1181:
1025:Bauxite fibrosis
990:External agents/
987:
986:
918:Exercise-induced
874:Acute bronchitis
850:
849:
550:
549:
519:
512:
505:
496:
495:
461:
460:
449:
448:
430:
424:
409:
403:
402:
374:
368:
367:
365:
364:
353:
347:
346:
344:
343:
332:
211:pulmonary artery
171:
170:
138:
126:
125:
116:
115:
107:
104:
98:
96:
55:
24:
23:
16:
1905:
1904:
1900:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1895:
1894:
1875:
1874:
1873:
1868:
1848:
1780:
1753:Musculoskeletal
1747:
1729:
1725:Westermark sign
1710:Thumbprint sign
1700:Silhouette sign
1651:
1623:
1618:
1588:
1583:
1533:
1510:
1446:Pleural disease
1435:
1418:
1376:
1338:
1322:By distribution
1317:
1296:By vector/route
1291:
1189:
1177:
1167:
1122:Pulmonary edema
1100:
995:
991:
978:
974:
965:
930:Cystic fibrosis
857:
841:
837:
824:
668:
542:
536:
528:
523:
493:
488:
487:
472:
458:
453:
452:
445:
431:
427:
410:
406:
375:
371:
362:
360:
355:
354:
350:
341:
339:
334:
333:
329:
324:
312:
290:
285:
274:
270:
264:may be present.
251:Vocal resonance
223:
197:, inflammatory
195:pulmonary edema
187:radiologic sign
165:
124:
117:
113:
108:
102:
99:
56:
45:
41:primary sources
25:
21:
12:
11:
5:
1903:
1893:
1892:
1887:
1870:
1869:
1867:
1866:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1814:Hampton's line
1811:
1806:
1804:Endoexoenteric
1801:
1796:
1790:
1788:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1757:
1755:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1745:
1739:
1737:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1661:
1659:
1653:
1652:
1650:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1633:
1631:
1629:Cardiovascular
1625:
1624:
1617:
1616:
1609:
1602:
1594:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1545:
1543:
1539:
1538:
1535:
1534:
1532:
1531:
1526:
1520:
1518:
1512:
1511:
1509:
1508:
1502:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1474:
1468:
1467:
1457:
1456:
1450:
1448:
1439:
1432:Pleural cavity
1428:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1417:
1416:
1411:
1410:
1409:
1404:
1394:
1388:
1386:
1382:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1375:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1348:
1346:
1340:
1339:
1337:
1336:
1331:
1325:
1323:
1319:
1318:
1316:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1299:
1297:
1293:
1292:
1290:
1289:
1288:
1287:
1278:
1264:
1259:
1258:
1257:
1247:
1246:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1225:
1224:
1223:
1218:
1208:
1202:
1200:
1193:
1179:
1173:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1166:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1144:
1143:
1133:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1108:
1106:
1102:
1101:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1096:
1094:Lycoperdonosis
1091:
1086:
1081:
1070:
1069:
1068:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1005:Pneumoconiosis
1001:
999:
984:
967:
966:
964:
963:
958:
957:
956:
946:
941:
939:
933:
932:
927:
925:Bronchiectasis
922:
921:
920:
915:
910:
901:
895:
885:
883:
877:
876:
871:
869:
863:
861:
847:
830:
829:
826:
825:
823:
822:
817:
812:
810:
802:
801:
796:
794:
786:
785:
780:
775:
770:
764:
762:
754:
753:
748:
742:
737:
735:Laryngeal cyst
732:
730:Laryngomalacia
727:
722:
720:
712:
711:
706:
700:
699:
698:
688:
686:
678:
676:
670:
669:
667:
666:
661:
656:
651:
649:
641:
640:
639:
638:
633:
628:
616:
611:
606:
605:
604:
599:
594:
584:
582:
574:
573:
568:
566:
558:
556:
547:
530:
529:
522:
521:
514:
507:
499:
490:
489:
486:
485:
473:
468:
467:
465:
464:Classification
457:
456:External links
454:
451:
450:
443:
425:
404:
385:(17): 1440–5.
369:
348:
326:
325:
323:
320:
319:
318:
311:
308:
307:
306:
289:
286:
284:
281:
280:
279:
272:
268:
265:
258:
248:
242:
239:
236:
233:Vocal fremitus
230:
222:
219:
173:
172:
159:
153:
152:
140:
139:
131:
130:
122:
119:
118:
111:
109:
28:
26:
19:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1902:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1851:
1845:
1844:Sentinel loop
1842:
1840:
1839:Rigler's sign
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1824:Mumoli's sign
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1809:Football sign
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1799:Double bubble
1797:
1795:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1783:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1761:Crescent sign
1759:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1750:
1744:
1741:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1732:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1675:Golden S sign
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1654:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1615:
1610:
1608:
1603:
1601:
1596:
1595:
1592:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1542:Other/general
1540:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1524:Mediastinitis
1522:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1513:
1507:
1504:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1466:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1433:
1429:
1415:
1412:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1399:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1383:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1341:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1320:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1298:
1294:
1286:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1268:
1267:noninfectious
1265:
1263:
1260:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1251:
1248:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1229:
1226:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1201:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1187:
1183:
1180:
1176:Obstructive /
1174:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1089:Farmer's lung
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1006:
1003:
1002:
1000:
998:
994:
988:
985:
982:
977:
972:
968:
962:
959:
955:
952:
951:
950:
949:Bronchiolitis
947:
945:
942:
940:
938:
935:
934:
931:
928:
926:
923:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
905:
902:
899:
896:
894:
891:
890:
889:
886:
884:
882:
879:
878:
875:
872:
870:
868:
865:
864:
862:
860:
855:
851:
848:
845:
840:
835:
831:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
809:
808:
804:
803:
800:
797:
795:
793:
792:
788:
787:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
768:
765:
763:
761:
760:
756:
755:
752:
749:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
719:
718:
714:
713:
710:
707:
704:
701:
697:
694:
693:
692:
689:
687:
685:
684:
680:
679:
677:
675:
671:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
648:
647:
643:
642:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
623:
622:
621:
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
603:
600:
598:
595:
593:
590:
589:
588:
585:
583:
581:
580:
576:
575:
572:
569:
567:
565:
564:
560:
559:
557:
555:
551:
548:
545:
540:
535:
531:
527:
520:
515:
513:
508:
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64: –
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58:Find sources:
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42:
38:
34:
29:This article
27:
18:
17:
1854:Neurological
1829:Omental cake
1766:Fabella sign
1705:Steeple sign
1685:Kerley lines
1680:Hampton hump
1461:Pneumothorax
1414:Lung abscess
1396:
1266:
1255:Pneumocystis
1216:Pneumococcal
997:lung disease
993:occupational
971:Interstitial
936:
880:
866:
839:lung disease
805:
799:Epiglottitis
789:
757:
751:Laryngospasm
715:
696:Strep throat
681:
644:
620:nasal septum
618:
577:
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476:
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361:. Retrieved
351:
340:. Retrieved
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224:
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148:
144:
100:
90:
83:
76:
69:
57:
37:verification
30:
1794:Cupola sign
1657:Respiratory
1559:Common cold
1506:Fibrothorax
1489:Chylothorax
1484:Hydrothorax
1437:mediastinum
1397:circulatory
1392:Atelectasis
1199:By pathogen
1191:pneumonitis
1178:Restrictive
1158:Sarcoidosis
1030:Berylliosis
976:restrictive
937:unspecified
859:obstructive
842:(including
759:vocal cords
691:Pharyngitis
654:Tonsillitis
609:Nasal polyp
544:common cold
537:(including
305:infections.
295:radiography
262:pleural rub
183:lung tissue
162:Pulmonology
31:needs more
1879:Categories
1735:Urogenital
1479:Hemothorax
1281:Aspiration
1243:Chlamydiae
1233:Mycoplasma
1221:Klebsiella
1079:Bagassosis
1065:Byssinosis
1040:Chalicosis
1015:Asbestosis
1010:Aluminosis
944:Bronchitis
815:Tracheitis
791:epiglottis
740:Laryngitis
614:Rhinorrhea
478:DiseasesDB
421:0632059710
363:2009-01-16
342:2009-01-16
322:References
207:hemorrhage
73:newspapers
1647:Halo sign
1554:Influenza
1499:Malignant
1262:Parasitic
1211:Bacterial
1186:Pneumonia
1055:Silicosis
1050:Siderosis
1020:Baritosis
854:Bronchial
602:Hay fever
571:Sinusitis
303:pulmonary
288:Radiology
283:Diagnosis
267:A lower P
215:pneumonia
157:Specialty
1569:COVID-19
1362:BOOP-COP
1329:Broncho-
1272:Chemical
1060:Talcosis
981:fibrosis
834:Lower RT
587:Rhinitis
534:Upper RT
310:See also
299:CT scans
246:crackles
103:May 2019
881:chronic
807:trachea
683:pharynx
563:sinuses
399:9356004
297:and on
209:from a
199:exudate
191:alveoli
87:scholar
52:removed
1250:Fungal
904:Asthma
717:larynx
646:tonsil
441:
419:
397:
164:
89:
82:
75:
68:
60:
1385:Other
1334:Lobar
1285:Lipid
1206:Viral
1105:Other
867:acute
844:LRTIs
769:(LPR)
747:(LPR)
725:Croup
705:(LPR)
539:URTIs
483:10949
221:Signs
94:JSTOR
80:books
1564:SARS
1367:NSIP
1112:ARDS
913:AERD
888:COPD
674:Neck
579:nose
554:Head
439:ISBN
417:ISBN
395:PMID
66:news
35:for
1357:DIP
1352:UIP
1344:IIP
387:doi
383:278
203:pus
1881::
1372:RB
481::
393:.
381:.
260:A
201:,
177:A
54:.
1613:e
1606:t
1599:v
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518:e
511:t
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470:D
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366:.
345:.
273:2
271:O
269:A
149:B
145:A
105:)
101:(
91:·
84:·
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70:·
44:.
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