238:
127:
20:
146:, the Pumpkin Papers added a "dramatic sequence of events". Between April and November (when Chambers was asked to produce evidence of Hiss' CPUSA membership in the slander case), Chambers had flip-flopped on whether his Ware Group had engaged in espionage. On November 17, 1948, Chambers surrendered the typewritten and handwritten documents to Hiss' lawyer
174:
During two trials against Alger Hiss in 1949, "the star witnesses were the
Pumpkin Papers". FBI analysis proved that typewritten copies had been typed on a Woodstock typewriter (No. 230099) belonging to the Hiss family. The majority of handwritten documents were in Hiss' hand (the others being in
285:
Books about the Hiss case starting coming out before the it finished and continued in the 21st century, all mentioning the
Pumpkin Papers. Richard Nixon, who rose to national fame during the Hiss case, mentions the Pumpkin Papers in four of his books. The name Pumpkin Papers even appear in book
63:. During early 1938, Chambers withheld some documents as life insurance as he readied to defect and go into hiding in April 1938. According to Chambers, he put the documents in a manila envelope and asked his wife's nephew
170:
paraded the microfilm before the press. In less than two weeks, instead of indicting
Chambers, Justice indicted Hiss, in part because the collective Pumpkin Papers provided strong evidence of espionage on Hiss' part.
166:, and took from Chambers five canisters of microfilm, after he retrieved them from a pumpkin he had hollowed out overnight to keep them safe – hence the "Pumpkin Papers". Nixon and HUAC investigation director
179:). The Hiss defense team was unable to discredit the typewriter or typewritten documents during the trials. In January 1950, a jury found Hiss guilty, and he was sentenced to 5 years in prison.
150:
as part of pre-trial deposition in a slander case. At Hiss' request, Marbury in turn surrendered the typewritten and handwritten documents (sometimes called the "Baltimore
Documents") to the
201:
told a Senate hearing that the act need to pass, based on what he had learned as a HUAC member about "the so-called pumpkin papers case, the espionage activities in the
101:
1630:
51:
from August 1948 to
January 1950. The term quickly became shorthand for the complete set of handwritten, typewritten, and camera film documents in newspapers.
59:
For the Ware Group in
Washington (1935-1938), Chambers couriered documents from federal officials to New York City to Soviet spymasters, the last of whom was
1476:
1652:
452:
A supporter of Alger Hiss and Harry Dexter White who has attended several dinners described a typical evening at the "one time secret institution".
158:
documents in Hiss' handwriting as well as typewritten copies of official government reports. On
December 2, 1948, HUAC investigators arrived at
84:(HUAC) in Washington, DC, that he had been a Soviet courier in the 1930s. He named former federal officials in the Ware Group cell, including:
118:; in late September, Hiss filed a slander suit in a federal court in Baltimore against Chambers for making that allegation publicly.
1756:
1751:
647:
81:
1584:
1082:
1256:
Pumpkin Papers, 1949: Being a
Trilogy Found in a Pumpkin, Revealing the State of the Union as Never Spoken by Any President
871:
1792:
151:
1193:
833:
648:"Great pumpkin caper captivates: Nearly 70 years after the Hiss case, Chambers' son recalls family being treated well"
47:
from delivery to the
Soviets as protection when he defected. They featured frequently in criminal proceedings against
1685:
1403:
1369:
1288:
1230:
1156:
1119:
1048:
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980:
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538:
504:
155:
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1787:
807:
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417:
194:
1426:
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154:
in the hope that
Justice would indict Chambers for espionage. The hard copy documents included summaries of
100:. On August 5, Hiss appeared before HUAC and denied the allegations. On August 20, Abt, Witt, and Pressman
669:
143:
756:
36:
781:
1746:
1608:
1501:
237:
1312:
311:, "I see you've got the pumpkin" (in this case, a statue full of microfilm). That same year, the
182:
In 1950, Representative Nixon made a Pumpkin Papers speech to Congress, a few weeks after Senator
23:
The name 'Pumpkin Papers" arose from four or five rolls of camera film hidden in a pumpkin at the
1777:
1772:
159:
24:
897:
35:
are a set of typewritten and handwritten documents, stolen from the US federal government (thus
317:
270:
147:
1717:
424:
163:
1451:
126:
1740:
8:
685:
282:
The Pumpkin Papers receive regular mention in the press, from local to national outlets.
167:
1336:
694:. Drexel Hill, Pennsylvania: Bell Publishing Company. pp. 22 (bio), 22–23 (HUAC).
303:
255:
202:
176:
44:
43:
and other Soviet spy networks in Washington, DC, during 1937-1938, withheld by courier
266:, HUAC investigator Robert E. Stripling claimed that he had named the Pumpkin Papers.
221:
Subsequent, scandalous documents whose name mirrors to the Pumpkin Papers include the
1681:
1580:
1399:
1365:
1284:
1226:
1189:
1152:
1115:
1078:
1044:
1010:
976:
729:
695:
617:
534:
500:
210:
1712:
A Pumpkin Patch, a Typewriter, and Richard Nixon: The Hiss-Chambers Espionage Case
1216:
1179:
1142:
1105:
410:
391:
358:
298:
250:
105:
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1675:
1574:
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920:
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689:
611:
586:
528:
494:
474:
United States National Archives and Records Administration. 1986. pp. 25, 89
469:
354:
342:
308:
275:
222:
198:
183:
73:
1653:"Commentary: Bannon and Viguerie Meet, RINOs and Democrats Get Halloween Fright"
1576:
Closing Pandora's Box: Arms Races, Arms Control, And The History Of The Cold War
1549:
385:
365:
350:
338:
294:
246:
110:
333:
with meetings notionally off-the-record. Annually on the Thursday closest to
1766:
346:
329:
This group (allegedly a "secret society") formed in New York City in 1977 by
312:
226:
131:
64:
1631:"American Betrayal Goes to the 36th Annual Pumpkin Papers Irregulars Dinner"
442:
373:
330:
93:
1723:
286:
titles on its own. Even the Pumpkin Papers Irregulars appear in a novel.
403:
187:
89:
60:
19:
435:
379:
290:
242:
206:
97:
68:
48:
40:
334:
115:
71:
in a Brooklyn home). In 1939, Chambers came out of hiding and joined
1757:
Shelby Addresses the 26th Meeting of the 'Pumpkin Papers Irregulars'
872:"Honoring the Origins of the Modern American Conservative Movement"
135:
85:
610:
Theoharis, Athan G.; Rosenfeld, Susan; Powers, Richard G. (1999).
492:
279:(founded 1955) continues to mention the Pumpkin Papers regularly.
431:
1711:
1074:
Alger Hiss's Looking-Glass Wars: The Covert Life of a Soviet Spy
80:
On August 3, 1948, Chambers testified under subpoena before the
1361:
Gang of Five: Leaders at the Center of the Conservative Crusade
341:
Award for "most disloyal American". Long-time members include
134:
prepares to make his Pumpkin Papers speech in 1950 (journalist
922:
Seeds of Treason: The True Story of the Hiss-Chambers Tragedy
918:
530:
Declassified: 50 Top-secret Documents that Changed History
1395:
Conspiracy Theories in American History: An Encyclopedia
1006:
Not Without Honor: The History of American Anticommunism
609:
1148:
In the Arena: A Memoir of Victory, Defeat, and Renewal
289:
The Pumpkin Papers appeared in film as well. Actor
273:
lionized Chambers as a hero, and Buckley's magazine
114:, then a national radio show, that Hiss had been a
1677:Treasonable Doubt: The Harry Dexter White Spy Case
1002:
721:
560:
1188:. Princeton University Press. pp. xxvi, 33.
1764:
808:"You Stand a Ghost of a Chance to Get this Book"
1070:
968:
866:
864:
862:
860:
858:
642:
640:
526:
1673:
1357:
943:
616:. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 62–63.
1036:
591:. Central Intelligence Agency. pp. 62–63
493:Steven M. Chermak; Frankie Y. Bailey (2007).
1680:. University Press of Kansas. pp. 2–3.
1606:
1391:
855:
637:
1185:Richard Nixon: Speeches, Writings, Document
947:A Generation on Trial: U.S.A. V. Alger Hiss
585:John Ehrman (2000). "The Alger Hiss Case".
584:
499:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 179.
1310:
684:
345:. Members have included Buckely, Nixon,
269:The nascent conservative movement led by
77:magazine, where he worked through 1948.
1516:
1364:. Simon & Schuster. pp. 81–82.
1225:. Simon & Schuster. pp. 68–69.
919:Ralph de Toledano; Victor Lasky (1950).
650:. Carroll County Times. October 11, 2016
613:The FBI: A Comprehensive Reference Guide
236:
125:
18:
1579:. Basic Books. 1992. p. 430(fn5).
1452:"James Q. Wilson Collection: 1949–2012"
448:Columnist Mary Anastasia O’Grady (2018)
1765:
1743:Pumpkin Papers in Sam Tanenhaus papers
1655:. The Tennessee Star. November 3, 2017
1609:"Commentary: Removing J. Edgar's Name"
1252:
678:
82:House Un-American Activities Committee
16:US government documents stolen in 1938
1314:Infiltrated: Duncan Hunter Thriller 7
1276:
1215:
1178:
1151:. Simon & Schuster. p. 250.
1141:
1104:
580:
578:
576:
574:
572:
321:includes microfilm in a watermelon.
108:. On April 27, Chambers asserted on
67:to hide them (which Levine did, in a
1555:. Online Archive of California. 1984
1504:. Online Archive of California. 1978
104:, all three under advice of counsel
1705:
471:Annual Report for the Year Ended...
293:alludes to the Pumpkin Papers atop
245:alludes to the Pumpkin Papers atop
152:United States Department of Justice
13:
1043:. Random House. pp. 290–317.
898:"Today in History: Pumpkin Papers"
603:
569:
364:Recipients of the group's annual "
337:it holds a dinner to announce the
14:
1804:
1607:Robert Novak (December 1, 2005).
1524:"Few Impartial on Panel Co-Chair"
728:. Citadel Press. pp. 78–79.
156:United States Department of State
1337:"Paul Seabury papers, 1941-1990"
1222:RN: The Memoirs of Richard Nixon
975:. Knops. pp. 185, 283–284.
496:Crimes and Trials of the Century
1667:
1645:
1623:
1600:
1567:
1542:
1494:
1469:
1444:
1419:
1385:
1351:
1329:
1304:
1280:The Last Pumpkin Paper: A Novel
1270:
1246:
1209:
1172:
1135:
1098:
1064:
1040:Whittaker Chambers: A Biography
1030:
996:
972:Perjury: The Hiss-Chambers Case
962:
937:
912:
890:
826:
800:
774:
749:
715:
1633:. Diana West. November 1, 2013
1339:. Online Archive of California
950:. Knopf. pp. 92, 145, 162
662:
554:
520:
486:
462:
195:McCarran Internal Security Act
186:cited the Hiss case, starting
175:the hand of Treasury official
1:
1114:. Doubleday. pp. 49–52.
533:. National Geographic Books.
455:
324:
54:
1714:(podcast by John Berresford)
925:. Newsweek. pp. 218–224
691:The Red Plot Against America
264:The Red Plot Against America
7:
1482:. Library of Congress. 2003
1432:. Library of Congress. 2020
1003:Richard Gid Powers (1995).
722:Harry Paul Jeffers (2003).
561:Whittaker Chambers (1952).
193:In 1950 for passage of the
144:Central Intelligence Agency
130:Freshman US Representative
10:
1809:
1793:Works subject to a lawsuit
1726:: Pumpkin Papers Canisters
1392:Peter Knight, ed. (2003).
1550:"William J. Casey Papers"
1398:. ABC-CLIO. p. 161.
900:. CBS News. July 30, 1998
757:"The Right Guide to D.C."
216:
121:
1457:. Rand Corporation. 2013
1253:Tansey, Gene M. (1949).
1071:G. Edward White (2004).
969:Allen Weinstein (1978).
675:, accessed June 25, 2012
527:Thomas B. Allen (2008).
398:Speakers have included:
232:
1788:United States documents
1736:Encyclopedia Britannica
1674:R. Bruce Craig (2004).
1427:"Robert H. Bork Papers"
1358:Nina J. Easton (2001).
944:Alistair Cooke (1952).
725:The 100 Greatest Heroes
588:Studies in Intelligence
25:Whittaker Chambers Farm
1037:Sam Tanenhaus (1997).
318:Commotion on the Ocean
307:when he tells actress
271:William F. Buckley Jr.
259:
148:William L. Marbury Jr.
139:
28:
1732:: USA vs. Alger Hiss
425:Laurence H. Silberman
297:during the climax of
249:during the climax of
240:
164:Westminster, Maryland
129:
22:
1783:Classified documents
1752:The Alger Hiss Story
1502:"Sidney Hook Papers"
1317:. Black Rose Writing
782:"Witness to a Blaze"
686:Stripling, Robert E.
39:) by members of the
1741:Stanford University
1611:. RealClearPolitics
1530:. February 11, 2004
1477:"Clare Boothe Luce"
1277:Oeste, Bob (1996).
878:. November 16, 2018
834:"12 Classic Essays"
213:case, and others".
168:Robert E. Stripling
368:Prize" include:
304:North by Northwest
260:
256:North by Northwest
177:Harry Dexter White
140:
45:Whittaker Chambers
29:
1730:National Archives
1724:National Archives
1720:2014 announcement
1586:978-0-465-09809-5
1528:Los Angeles Times
1217:Nixon, Richard M.
1180:Nixon, Richard M.
1143:Nixon, Richard M.
1106:Nixon, Richard M.
1084:978-0-19-028841-9
262:In his 1949 book
142:According to the
37:information leaks
1800:
1706:External sources
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1283:. Random House.
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1077:. Enigma Books.
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762:. August 8, 2005
753:
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671:Scarbeck v. U.S.
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411:William J. Casey
392:Dianne Feinstein
359:Clare Booth Luce
299:Alfred Hitchcock
251:Alfred Hitchcock
138:seated with him)
106:Harold I. Cammer
27:in December 1948
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814:. June 20, 2011
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673:paragraphs 20-1
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583:
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565:. Random House.
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477:
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468:
467:
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418:John O'Sullivan
355:James Q. Wilson
343:Grover Norquist
327:
309:Eve Marie Saint
276:National Review
235:
225:(1971) and the
223:Pentagon Papers
219:
184:Joseph McCarthy
124:
57:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1796:
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1778:1938 documents
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1773:1948 documents
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1009:. Free Press.
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876:NationalReview
854:
843:. October 2016
841:NationalReview
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351:Robert H. Bork
339:Victor Navasky
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295:Mount Rushmore
247:Mount Rushmore
234:
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218:
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160:Chambers' farm
123:
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111:Meet the Press
102:pled the Fifth
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33:Pumpkin Papers
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243:Cary Grant
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217:Legacy
122:Events
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