163:
526:(infant Krishna). This version is found in manuscripts of both Puranas, Prahlada Maharaj, and the poet-saints, notably Tukaram. The remaining version of the Pundalik legend appears in Sridhara and as a variant in the Padma Purana. Pundalik, a Brahmin madly in love with his wife, neglected his aged parents as a result. Later, on meeting sage Kukkuta, Pundalik underwent a transformation and devoted his life to the service of his aged parents. Meanwhile, one day, Krishna comes to the forest Dandivana, near Pundalik's house, in search of his angry wife
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Kannada saint, was not only the founder of the
Varkari culture but also the first great devotee or first high priest of the Pandharpur temple. Upadhyaya supports the priest theory but declines the Kannada origin theory. Tulpule also accepted the theory that Pundalik was the historical founder of the Varkari sect, though declines to fix a date for him due to "lack of authentic evidence". According to M. S. Mate, Pundalik was instrumental in coaxing the
88:
530:, who has left him. After some coaxing, Rukmini was pacified. Then Krishna visited Pundalik and found Pundalik serving his parents. Pundalik threw a brick outside for Krishna to stand on. Krishna stood on the brick and waited for Pundalik. After completing his services, Pundalik asked that his deity, in the Vithoba form - waiting arms-akimbo on the brick, remain on the brick with Rukmini, in Rakhumai form, and bless his devotees forever.
399:
33:
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considers
Pundalik to be the founder of the Varkari sect and the one who promulgated the sect in Maratha country. Frazer, Edwards and P.R. Bhandarkar (1922) suggest that Pundalik tried to unify Shiva and Vishnu, and that this culture originated in Karnataka. Ranade (1933) thinks that Pundalik, a
485:
There are three versions of the
Pundalik legend, two of which are attested as textual variants of the Skanda Purana (1.34–67). According to the first, the ascetic Pundarika (Pundalik) is described as a devotee of god Vishnu and dedicated to the service of his parents. The god
506:
mark, a head-dress of peacock feathers, resting his hands on his hips and keeping his cow-stick between his thighs. Pundarika asks
Krishna to remain in this form on the banks of the river Chandrabhaga. He believes that Krishna's presence will make the site a
254:
Yoga practitioners. As he was considered to be a master of
Kundalini Yoga, people used to call him "Kundalik". Later, after several years, Kundalik was known as Pundalik, which was used to symbolize Kundalini energy in the form of Vitthala (also known as
410:
Texts, that narrate the legend of
Pundalik and Vithoba, can be categorised into the Varkari tradition, the Brahmin tradition and what Raeside calls a "third tradition", that includes both Varkari and Brahmin elements. The Varkari texts are written in
519:(a holy place near a temple). The location is identified with modern-day Pandharpur, which is situated on the banks of the Chandrabhaga. The description of Krishna resembles the characteristics of the Pandharpur image of Vithoba.
386:) Pundarika shrine to the Vaishnava shrine of the devotee Pundalik. The main argument of the hypothesis is that the memorial shrine of Pundalik is a Shaiva shrine, rather than a Vaishnava one, compromising of a Shiva-
365:
legend. Dhanpalvar strongly agreed with this possibility. Vaudeville found the legend of the
Pundalik of Pandharpur was very similar to the legend of Pundarika, the devotee of Vishnu, in the Hindu epic
357:
Other scholars like
Raeside (1965), Dhanpalvar (1972), and Vaudeville (1974) have questioned the historicity of Pundalik altogether, and dismissed him as a mythical figure. In his analysis of the text
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Chakra (also known as the guru chakra or third-eye chakra), a subtle center of energy that is believed to be located between the eyebrows and along the spinal column, as said by
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406:
of a
Pandharpur temple near Vithoba's central temple, depicting Vithoba (standing dark figure, left) waiting on the brick as Pundalik (centre) serves his parents.
346:, who brought a drastic change in the worship of Vithoba. Pundalik not only founded the Varkari sect, but also was the first to identify Vithoba with the god
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by the
Brahmin Sridhara (consisting of 750 verses), and another work of the same name written by Prahlada Maharaj (consisting of 181 verses).
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by Sridhar (discussed in "Legend" section ahead), Raeside says that the legend of devotee Pundalik could have been nothing more a derivative of
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Pundalik is a historical figure, connected with the establishment and propagation of the Vithoba-centric Varkari sect.
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The second version of the legend depicts Vithoba appearing before Pundalik as the five-year-old
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450:. All these texts describe the legend of Pundalik. The Brahmin texts include: two versions of
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973:"On the Intermixture of Buddhism with Brahmanism in the religion of the Hindus of the Dekhan"
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as a cowherd, accompanied by his grazing cows, to meet Pundarika. Krishna is described as in
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243:, where Vithoba's main shrine stands today. Pundalik is also the historical founder of the
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8:
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The brick on which Vitthala is standing is the chakra of Kundalini energy known as the
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energy, although in Hinduism, the same energy is believed to spiritually dwell in all.
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to build the Pandharpur temple to Vishnu, placing him in the early 12th century.
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The History of Sacred Places in India as Reflected in Traditional Literature
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The History of Sacred Places in India as Reflected in Traditional Literature
470:, also from the Padma Purana; and a third devotional work, yet again called
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463:
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Deleury (1960) believes Pundalik was a mystic, influenced by the Vaishnava
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TemplePurohit - Your Spiritual Destination | Bhakti, Shraddha Aur Ashirwad
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367:
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The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland
561:"The Story of Panduranga Vitthal and Pundalik, Pandharpur's Divinity"
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256:
251:
228:
431:
419:, and the "third tradition" are Marathi texts written by Brahmins.
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220:
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Raeside, I. M. P. (1965). "The "Pāṇḍuranga-Māhātmya" of Śrīdhar".
702:(1988) by Mahīpati, Justin Edwards Abbott, and Narhar R. Godbole.
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939:. History of Indian Philosophy. Vol. 7. Aryabhushan Press.
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846:(9). Advaita Ashrama: the Ramakrishna Order started by Swami
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271:. According to legends, it also depicts the symbol of the
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Chakra. Both hands, like bows, represents Ida and Pingla
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For a complete Marathi text and English translation of
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Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies
350:. Pundalik's fame also led to naming of Pandharpur to
302:, and the tilaka, or the mark on his head, represents
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946:"The Legend of Puṇḍarīka: The Founder of Pandharpur"
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247:sect, which is centered on the worship of Vithoba.
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239:. Pundalik is thought to have brought Vithoba to
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785:Vaiṣṇavism, Śaivism, and Minor Religious Systems
788:. Asian Educational Services. pp. 124–27.
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478:. The "third tradition" is found in two works:
46:for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling
885:(1). Cambridge University Press on behalf of
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698:, which narrates the legend of Pundalik see
542:, 1957 Telugu film based on his life story.
933:INDIAN MYSTICISM: Mysticism in Maharashtra
735:
733:
719:
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286:, which cross over at the central body of
219:) is an Indian saint and a devotee of the
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111:. Please do not remove this message until
727:by Sridhara see Raeside (1965) pp. 81-100
131:Learn how and when to remove this message
70:Learn how and when to remove this message
694:For the complete English translation of
627:
625:
606:
604:
602:
397:
107:Relevant discussion may be found on the
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513:(a holy place near a water body) and a
490:-Krishna, a form of Vishnu, comes from
294:. The body represents purusha, meaning
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1016:
930:Ranade, Ramchandra Dattatraya (1933).
887:School of Oriental and African Studies
670:
622:
599:
831:Pande, Dr Suruchi (September 2008).
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987:of Great Britain and Ireland: 1–8.
466:(consisting of 1,200 verses);
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263:'s Vitthala was an incarnation of
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458:(consisting of 900 verses);
250:Pundalik was one of the earliest
354:- the sacred place of Pundalik.
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167:Pundalik's temple at Pandharpur
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231:deity and a recincarnation of
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1029:Characters in Hindu mythology
944:Sand, Erick Reenberg (1990).
780:Bhandarkar, Ramakrishna Gopal
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380:Sri Vitthal: Ek Mahasamanvaya
596:Bhandarkar (1995) pp. 125–26
324:Ramakrishna Gopal Bhandarkar
143:Character in Hindu mythology
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833:"The Vithoba of Pandharpur"
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390:, the symbol of god Shiva.
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113:conditions to do so are met
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971:Stevenson, Rev. J (1843).
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370:. The religious historian
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993:10.1017/s0035869x00155625
948:. In Bakker, Hans (ed.).
899:10.1017/S0041977X00056779
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700:Stories of Indian Saints
619:Ranade (1933) pp. 183–84
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474:, which is found in the
146:Not to be confused with
422:The Varkari texts are:
415:, the Brahmin texts in
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985:Royal Asiatic Society
983:. London: periodical
804:Bakker, Hans (1990).
739:Sand (1990) pp. 41–42
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376:Sahitya Akademi Award
891:University of London
640:Raeside (1965) p. 85
766:Pande (2008) p. 508
748:Bakker (1990) p. 78
725:Panduranga-Mahatmya
540:Panduranga Mahatyam
480:Panduranga-Mahatmya
472:Panduranga-Mahatmya
460:Panduranga-Mahatmya
452:Panduranga-Mahatmya
359:Panduranga mahatmya
100:of this article is
956:. pp. 33–61.
658:Sand (1990) p. 140
436:Pundalika-Mahatmya
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148:Paundraka Vasudeva
50:You can assist by
840:Prabuddha Bharata
757:Sand (1990) p. 50
711:Sand (1990) p. 34
685:Sand (1990) p. 33
676:Sand (1990) p. 56
667:Sand (1990) p. 40
649:Sand (1990) p. 39
631:Sand (1990) p. 38
610:Sand (1990) p. 37
584:Sand (1990) p. 35
352:Paundrika-kshetra
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569:. Retrieved
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44:copy editing
42:may require
41:
954:E. J. Brill
848:Vivekananda
402:Image of a
368:Mahabharata
173:Affiliation
1018:Categories
1006:2008-11-04
952:. Leiden:
893:: 81–100.
869:2008-10-29
823:2008-09-20
774:References
571:2023-11-09
492:Govardhana
372:R.C. Dhere
290:or Brahma
261:Pandharpur
257:Panduranga
241:Pandharpur
98:neutrality
52:editing it
1001:1356-1863
923:163780933
907:0041-977X
856:0032-6178
850:: 504–8.
810:. BRILL.
782:(1995) .
462:from the
454:from the
440:Bahinabai
344:Karnataka
280:Muladhara
273:Kundalini
252:Kundalini
229:Vaishnava
216:Puṇḍarīka
210:romanized
197:Pundarika
109:talk page
18:Pundarika
534:See also
504:srivatsa
496:digambar
432:Mahipati
417:Sanskrit
342:sect of
340:Haridasa
288:Sushumna
205:पुण्डरीक
201:Sanskrit
185:Pundalik
156:Pundalik
102:disputed
1024:Warkari
528:Rukmini
516:kshetra
444:abhanga
413:Marathi
404:gopuram
394:Legends
363:Puranic
329:Hoysala
318:History
308:Krishna
300:Krishna
269:Krishna
245:Varkari
237:Krishna
225:Vithoba
212::
193:पुंडलिक
189:Marathi
177:Varkari
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960:
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502:, the
488:Gopala
448:Namdev
348:Vishnu
296:Vishnu
265:Vishnu
233:Vishnu
223:deity
937:(PDF)
919:S2CID
911:JSTOR
863:(PDF)
836:(PDF)
547:Notes
388:linga
384:Shiva
331:king
284:nadis
221:Hindu
195:) or
997:ISSN
958:ISBN
903:ISSN
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812:ISBN
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426:and
304:Ajna
292:nadi
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