1502:
389:
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47:
1537:, tries to give a balanced picture of Ranjit Singh, between the contradictory images of "a great secular ruler" and that of "an extremist Sikh who was bent upon eliminating Islam in the Punjab", Dr. Robina Yasmin's own assessment after her study being that Ranjit Singh himself was tolerant and secular and that the mistreatment of the Muslim population often ascribed to him based on dubious anecdotes in fact came from his subordinates.
1755:
1540:
This sense of identity was bolstered by the secular rule of
Maharaja Ranjit Singh, a Sikh Punjabi who had successfully expelled the Afghan invaders from Punjab and established a powerful Sikh kingdom in the region. As a result, Punjab was a secular nation with a strong sense of Punjabi nationalism.
1601:
As a consequence of preferring Hindi language by Hindu
Punjabi's by declaring the Hindi as a language of Hindus and preferring the Urdu language by the Muslim Punjabi's by declaring the Urdu as a language of Muslims, the characteristics of assimilation to accomplish the sociological instinct started
1422:
His general anti-authoritarian, rebellious nature is described to "crystallise" with the Akbar regime as its target, although not as a means of revenge specifically for the deaths of his relatives but in the wider sense of the sacrifices made by rural people generally. Bhatti saw this, says Gaur, as
1615:
Punjabi nationalism in
Pakistan largely emerged in the 1970s. Punjabi nationalists accuse the elite sections made up of fellow Punjabis of neglecting the Punjabi language and forgetting the Punjabi culture to maintain their personal influence and power. Punjabi nationalism is a more recent
4038:
Even after seven decades of
Partition, it is difficult to comprehend and grasp the trauma in its full essence. 'May be it is for this reason that the writers are still obsessed with this theme, but hardly any writer has contemplated the reunification of Punjab,' pondered Amarjit
1569:
speaking people, Punjabis were the third biggest nation in South Asia and for the
British, Punjab was a frontier province of British India. Therefore to rule, the prime factor for the British rulers was to control the Punjab by dominating or eliminating the Punjabi nation.
1592:
For demolishing the nationalism and promoting the religious fundamentalism in the Punjab, British rulers, not allowed the
Punjabis to use their mother tongue as an educational and official language. Therefore, the British rulers first introduced the
2501:
1597:
as an official language in Punjab for the purpose of Punjab administration. As a result, the
Punjabi nation became a socially and politically depressed and deprived nation due to the domination and hegemony of Urdu-Hindi language.
1602:
to switch over from " Affinity of Nation to
Emotions of Religion" and "A Great Nation of Sub-Continent Got Divided on Ground of Religion with Partition of Punjab and Got Emerged into Muslim and Hindu States, Pakistan and India".
1549:
After the death of
Maharaja Ranjit Singh, the empire was weakened by the British East India Company stoking internal divisions and political mismanagement. Finally, by 1849 the state was dissolved after the defeat in the
1423:
a "peasant class war". Bhatti's class war took the form of social banditry, taking from the rich and giving to the poor. Folklore gave him a legendary status for preventing girls from being abducted and sold as slaves.
1357:
The coalescence of the various tribes, castes and the inhabitants of the Punjab region into a broader common "Punjabi" identity initiated from the onset of the 18th century CE. Historically, the
Punjabi people were a
3113:
2521:
1419:
Both his father, Farid, and his grandfather, variously called Bijli or Sandal, were executed for opposing the new and centralised land revenue collection scheme imposed by the Mughal emperor Akbar.
3718:
1437:
poet who wrote of him, recorded his last words as being "No honourable son of Punjab will ever sell the soil of Punjab". The memory of Bhatti as a saviour of Punjabi girls is recalled at the annual
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are one nation and promotes the cultural unity of Punjabis around the world. The demands of the Punjabi nationalist movement are linguistic, cultural, economic and political rights.
4080:
Surinder Singh's analysis of regional folklore names Bhatti's grandfather as Sandal and suggests the possibility, given the influence that he had in the region, that the area of
4100:, defined as "peasant outlaws whom the lord and state regard as criminals, but who remain within peasant society, and are considered by their people as heroes, as champions."
3636:
1340:
1226:
3422:
3297:
1997:
1416:. According to Ishwar Dayal Gaur, although he was "the trendsetter in peasant insurgency in medieval Punjab", he remains "on the periphery of Punjab's historiography".
1577:
in Punjab to govern Punjab and due to a fear from Punjabi nationalism, started to eliminate the Punjabi nation into fractions by switching over the characteristics of
19:
This article is about the ideology that asserts Punjabi cultural solidarity. For the militant separatist movement aimed at creating an independent Sikh country, see
3448:
1475:, the Sikh Misls were in close combat with the Durrani Empire, but they began to gain territory with the capture of Lahore, by Ranjit Singh, from its Afghan ruler,
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1971:
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phenomenon, and compared to other ethno-nationalisms in Pakistan, it is often overlooked due to the dominance of the Punjabi ethnic group in the country.
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1895:
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2061:
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1385:
The Punjab region's history of warfare and foreign invasions has contributed to a culture of engaging in warfare to protect the land. During the
1374:, with each person bound to a clan. With the passage of time, tribal structures became replaced with a more cohesive and holistic society, as
3189:
1746:
as an independent Sikh Homeland continues to exist in sections of the Sikh, particularly being advocated by Sikhs in the diaspora post 1947.
1321:
3777:
The forerunner to the Khalistan movement the Punjabi Suba movement of the 1960s also stressed the right of control over territory and water.
3680:
1430:
Ji, and through Guru Arjan Dev Ji's influence the people of Bari Doab, by exempting the area from the requirement to provide land revenues.
4227:
3069:
2621:
PhD Scholars, Centre for the Study of Regional Development School of Social Sciences Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi â 110 067, India
252:
212:
4007:
Mr Bhajan Lal's "reunification" scheme would turn Punjab, Haryana and Himachal Pradesh, together with Chandigarh, into one enlarged State.
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2184:
1627:
and that Punjabi language should be declared as the medium of instruction at the primary level. In September 2015, a case was filed in
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1619:
In August 2015, the Pakistan Academy of Letters, International Writer's Council (IWC) and World Punjabi Congress (WPC) organised the
1945:
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as it did not take any step to implement the Punjabi language in the province. Additionally, several thousand Punjabis gather in
556:
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demands for a Sikh country, this movement demanded a fundamental constitutional autonomous state within India. Led by the
1501:
3371:
5893:
2614:"Levels and Patterns of Social Cohesion and Its Relationship with Development in India: A Woman's Perspective Approach"
2132:
1863:
417:
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1479:, and the subsequent and progressive expulsion of Afghans from the Punjab, by capitalizing off Afghan decline in the
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celebrations in the region to this day, although those celebrations also incorporate many other symbolic strands.
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1408:. He is entirely absent from the recorded history of the time, and the only evidence of his existence comes from
1498:, the people of Punjab were united by a shared identity as Punjabis and a growing sense of Punjabi nationalism.
1231:
539:
on a linguistic basis in 1966 and the formation of a Sikh majority, Punjabi speaking state in India. During the
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are listed above. This does not imply that all nationalists with a given ethnicity subscribe to that form of
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1738:. This demand was raised throughout this period along with the 1946 SGPC resolution declaring the Punjab as
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5737:
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4725:
4637:
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1821:
1307:
216:
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4617:
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1176:
1096:
3246:
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5752:
5632:
4663:
3846:. Palgrave Studies in the History of Economic Thought. Springer International Publishing. p. 290.
1263:
1161:
3222:
2663:"Lohri legends: the tale of Abdullah Khan 'Dullah' Bhatti, the Punjabi who led a revolt against Akbar"
6123:
6113:
4926:
4622:
1826:
1628:
990:
922:
803:
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would reunify into a single Punjab state within India, with its borders corresponding to the former
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30:
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In Pakistan, the ideology is used to stop the state-sponsored suppression of Punjabi in favor of
115:
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Muslims under Sikh Rule in the Nineteenth Century: Maharaja Ranjit Singh and Religious Tolerance
6128:
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5087:
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4933:
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Ajit Singh of Cambridge and Chandigarh: An Intellectual Biography of the Radical Sikh Economist
3114:"[EXPLAINED] How the 1846 Treaty of Amritsar led to the formation of Jammu and Kashmir"
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3043:"In Honouring Ranjit Singh, Pakistan Is Moving Beyond Conceptions of Muslim vs Sikh History"
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3911:, New Approaches to Asian History, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 82â109,
2543:
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1796:
1771:
1487:. Ranjit Singh was proclaimed as Maharaja of the Punjab on 12 April 1801 (to coincide with
1433:
The end for Bhatti came in 1599 when he was hanged in Lahore. Shah Hussain, a contemporary
1126:
1034:
995:
985:
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3322:"Pak's Punjab govt replaces English with Urdu as medium of instruction in primary schools"
8:
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1896:"Reader's comment: Pakistan's movement to revive Punjabi culture faces no viable threat"
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The Punjabis in British Columbia: Location, Labour, First Nations, and Multiculturalism
2566:
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2017:
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222:
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20:
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2511:
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2348:
2325:
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1871:
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proposed the idea of the Punjabi Reunification, in which the modern Indian states of
1461:
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791:
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403:
208:
186:
151:
139:
58:
3165:"Why half a million people from Punjab enlisted to fight for Britain in World War I"
2570:
2062:"Pakistani scholars come to grips with another ethnic ideology: Punjabi nationalism"
2021:
1791:
state. The idea of the reunification of these states with the area corresponding to
1468:) As the Sikh faith grew, the Sikhs subsequently militarized to oppose Mughal rule.
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2009:
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524:
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453:
329:
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127:
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following the movement. The result of the movement failed to satisfy its leaders.
1661:
was a long-drawn political agitation, launched by Punjabi speaking people (mostly
5953:
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5448:
4857:
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4600:
4164:
4154:
4149:
4051:
3877:
3873:
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3760:
3499:"The revolutionary Udham Singh is just one of the many faces of Punjabi identity"
3223:"How did Pakistan, where Punjabi literature was born, come to shun the language?"
3022:
1811:
1708:
1578:
1510:
1413:
1295:
1221:
1121:
890:
885:
850:
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681:
631:
621:
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320:
247:
232:
198:
6003:
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4605:
2235:"Gurmukhi Script: An artistic tradition that captures Punjab's soul and spirit"
1716:
1582:
1518:
1514:
1472:
1427:
1370:
1111:
833:
671:
457:
449:
275:
2977:
2562:
2398:"Militants tell villagers in Punjab to mention Punjabi as their mother tongue"
2013:
1795:
has not been one that has been heavily contemplated apart from the context of
6102:
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5501:
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5476:
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1401:
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1359:
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1027:
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641:
393:
388:
46:
2260:"RSS and Sikhs: defining a religion, and how their relationship has evolved"
325:
6080:
5968:
5818:
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5506:
5466:
2613:
1522:
1390:
1351:
1258:
1086:
709:
676:
651:
4106:
3938:"SGPC's 1946 resolution on 'Sikh state': What Simranjit Singh Mann missed"
2422:"SGPC's 1946 resolution on 'Sikh state': What Simranjit Singh Mann missed"
6039:
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and demanded that a Punjabi-language university should be established in
1574:
1558:
1495:
1181:
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594:
337:
290:
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1712:
1453:
1449:
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1243:
1196:
855:
724:
714:
704:
504:
500:
484:
375:
371:
359:
355:
351:
1963:
5958:
5943:
5933:
5928:
5873:
5858:
5147:
4271:
4205:
3810:
3681:"Supreme Court's Urdu verdict: No language can be imposed from above"
2098:
1465:
1397:
1156:
367:
363:
345:
341:
333:
310:
3473:
2781:
2733:
2589:
Globalisation and the region : explorations in Punjabi identity
2301:
5918:
5843:
5717:
5601:
3604:
3070:"Explained: The enduring legacy of Maharaja Ranjit Singh of Punjab"
3015:
2992:
2036:
1830:
1562:
1488:
1457:
1456:
was martyred on suspicion of helping in betrayal of Mughal Emperor
1394:
1270:
1253:
1186:
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548:
508:
492:
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434:
305:
87:
38:
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5903:
5808:
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5511:
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2591:. Coventry, United Kingdom: Association for Punjab Studies (UK).
1704:
1005:
932:
568:
480:
315:
300:
3759:
Rina Ramdev, Sandhya D. Nambiar, Debaditya Bhattacharya (2015).
2611:
2544:"Language, the Nation, and Symbolic Capital: The Case of Punjab"
1998:"Language, the Nation, and Symbolic Capital: The Case of Punjab"
5863:
5848:
5813:
5803:
3806:
Militant and Migrant: The Politics and Social History of Punjab
3298:"50 years of Punjab â Is Punjabi losing out to Hindi, English?"
1743:
1636:
1624:
1347:
1238:
1020:
1015:
603:
572:
560:
544:
528:
82:
2612:
Mukherjee, Protap; Lopamudra Ray Saraswati (20 January 2011).
1754:
1533:, Dr. Robina Yasmin, a Pakistani historian who teaches at the
6013:
1674:
1666:
1662:
1586:
1438:
1405:
1343:
532:
520:
488:
285:
280:
270:
3629:"Rally for ending 150-year-old 'ban on education in Punjabi"
3373:
Fighting for Faith and Nation: Dialogues with Sikh Militants
3474:"The transformation of Punjabi identity over the centuries"
1594:
1471:
In the late 18th century, during frequent invasions of the
1434:
1426:
His efforts may have influenced Akbar's decision to pacify
445:
441:
2706:
16:
Ideology asserting that the Punjabis are a distinct nation
3711:"Two-member SC bench refers Punjabi language case to CJP"
2689:
Popular Literature and Pre-modern Societies in South Asia
2503:
Punjab reconsidered : history, culture, and practice
1972:"Of Punjabiyat, quest to migrate and 'muted masculinity'"
1719:-majority parts of the East Punjab were also merged with
3423:"Sikhs in Punjab shed its blind hostility towards Hindi"
2685:
1749:
1362:
group and were subdivided into a number of clans called
1339:
4056:"India And Pakistan Must Reunite For Their Mutual Good"
3703:
3449:"Punjabi in Pakistan: Forging ahead against great odds"
2964:
McLeod, Hew (1987). "Sikhs and Muslims in the Punjab".
2008:(3). The Association for Asian Studies, Inc.: 917â946.
1734:
proposed the whole Punjab region (Azad Punjab) as the â
3190:"Punjab's pain, India's agony, Britain's unrepentance"
2859:
2799:
464:
focus on the promotion of a shared cultural heritage.
2938:
2842:
2840:
2818:
2106:"A labour of love and a battle cry for logical minds"
2751:
3733:
2919:
2499:
1589:from "Affinity of Nation to Emotions of Religion".
444:, while in India the goal is to bring together the
3762:Sentiment, Politics, Censorship: The State of Hurt
2900:
2837:
2480:"Anandpur Sahib Resolution 1973 â JournalsOfIndia"
3905:"The Partition of India and the Sikhs, 1940â1947"
2286:"Ham Hindu Nahin: Arya-Sikh Relations, 1877â1905"
1531:Muslims under Sikh Rule in the Nineteenth Century
6100:
2448:"SGPC urged to support pro-Khalistan resolution"
2157:Punjabiyyat, In the name of (15 February 2015).
2150:
4050:
3903:Shani, Giorgio; Singh, Gurharpal, eds. (2021),
3882:. University of California Press. p. 216.
3872:
3673:
3621:
2068:
1699:, it resulted in the formation of the state of
1684:. The movement is defined as the forerunner of
1665:) demanding the creation of autonomous Punjabi
559:in its 1946 Sikh State resolution declared the
3574:"Urdu-isation of Punjab â The Express Tribune"
2782:"Punjab Notes: Bar: forgotten glory of Punjab"
2734:"Punjab Notes: Bar: forgotten glory of Punjab"
2582:
2580:
4221:
4122:
2993:"Gora Raj: our elders and national narrative"
2779:
2731:
2679:
1921:"A history steeped in Punjabi and Punjabiyat"
1315:
563:region as the natural homeland of the Sikhs.
411:
3788:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2870:sfnp error: no target: CITEREFHobsbawm2010 (
1946:"The absence in Punjabiyat's split universe"
1937:
1404:rule during the reign of the Mughal emperor
467:Punjabi Nationalism also has close links to
4136:
2949:sfnp error: no target: CITEREFPurewal2010 (
2892:sfnp error: no target: CITEREFPurewal2010 (
2692:. Pearson Education India. pp. 89â90.
2586:
2577:
2156:
2028:
1483:, and the unification of the separate Sikh
6079:: Forms of nationalism based primarily on
5723:Muslim Independence Movement (Philippines)
4228:
4214:
4129:
4115:
4012:
3994:
3902:
2966:South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies
2587:Singh, Pritam; Thandi, Shinder S. (1996).
2176:
2124:
1673:-speaking state, in the post-independence
1322:
1308:
418:
404:
4044:
2930:sfnp error: no target: CITEREFAyres2009 (
2762:sfnp error: no target: CITEREFSingh2008 (
1382:form the new pillars of Punjabi society.
433:is an ideology which emphasizes that the
3270:
2911:sfnp error: no target: CITEREFGaur2008 (
2865:
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2775:
2773:
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2445:
1969:
1943:
1753:
1500:
1491:), creating a unified political state.
1338:
547:were known to enforce Punjabi language,
4005:. Har-Anand Publications. p. 296.
3866:
3744:sfn error: no target: CITEREFDoad1997 (
3602:
3540:
3370:Mahmood, Cynthia Keppley (2010-08-03).
3369:
3273:"A pro-Punjabi movement is building up"
3137:
2944:
2884:
2660:
2131:Dogra, Chander Suta (26 October 2013).
2034:
1494:Despite the religious diversity of the
507:in the late 19th century, the cause of
6101:
5683:Galician independence movement (Spain)
4235:
4018:
4000:
3802:
3691:from the original on 16 September 2015
3496:
3471:
3220:
3093:
2963:
1970:Kachhava, Priyanka (26 January 2015).
5733:Patani United Liberation Organisation
5703:Inner Mongolian independence movement
4209:
4110:
3961:
3839:
3669:from the original on 30 October 2015.
3584:from the original on 27 November 2016
3446:
3396:
3295:
3247:"Punjabi should be taught in schools"
3187:
3064:
3062:
3037:
3035:
2990:
2925:
2770:
2757:
2633:
2541:
2500:Malhotra, Anshu; Mir, Farina (2012).
2338:
2283:
2182:
2130:
1995:
1861:
1750:Pan-nationalist Punjabi Reunification
1400:led the Punjabis to a revolt against
1368:(literally meaning "brotherhood") or
471:due to the religious significance of
5728:National Liberation Front of Corsica
5653:East Turkestan independence movement
3833:
3739:
3721:from the original on 21 October 2015
3376:. University of Pennsylvania Press.
3328:. Press Trust of India. 29 July 2019
2906:
2846:
2824:
2805:
2725:
2712:
2185:"No Punjabi versus Hindi divide now"
3605:"Smokers' Corner: The other Punjab"
3497:Khalid, Haroon (24 November 2017).
3162:
2686:Surinder Singh; I. D. Gaur (2008).
2661:Daniyal, Shoaib (13 January 2016).
2037:"Smokers' Corner: The other Punjab"
1517:backgrounds gather together at the
1464:was martyred by the Mughal Emperor
483:. With the advent of the notion of
13:
4019:Dhanda, Anirudh (12 August 2019).
3596:
3138:Noorani, A. G. (8 November 2017).
3059:
3032:
3027:SÄhib Siáš
gh BedÄŤ, BÄbÄ (1756â1834)
2627:
2035:Paracha, Nadeem F. (31 May 2015).
45:
14:
6150:
3964:"Punjab: Fading of Sikh Diaspora"
3765:. SAGE Publications. p. 91.
3639:from the original on 7 March 2016
3603:Paracha, Nadeem F. (2015-05-31).
1944:Bhardwaj, Ajay (15 August 2012).
1888:
1855:
1641:International Mother Language Day
1605:
1544:
1071:List of nationalist organizations
3659:"Sufi poets can guarantee unity"
3554:from the original on 25 May 2017
3271:Dhaliwal, Sarbjit (2017-11-01).
3163:Das, Santanu (19 October 2018).
2634:Nayar, Kamala Elizabeth (2012).
2110:The News International, Pakistan
1862:Dixit, Kanak Mani (2018-12-04).
1346:, it is celebrated in the wider
1289:
387:
5834:Basque Country (greater region)
5693:Guangdong Independence Movement
4087:
4074:
3955:
3930:
3896:
3796:
3752:
3651:
3566:
3515:
3490:
3465:
3447:Kamal, Neel (October 1, 2019).
3440:
3415:
3390:
3363:
3347:"The Language Divide in Punjab"
3339:
3314:
3289:
3264:
3239:
3214:
3181:
3156:
3131:
3106:
3087:
3009:
2984:
2957:
2654:
2640:. McGill-Queen's Press â MQUP.
2605:
2535:
2493:
2472:
2439:
2414:
2390:
2365:
2332:
2277:
2252:
2227:
2202:
1412:folklore, and took the form of
5638:Assyrian independence movement
3397:Singh, I.P. (5 October 2019).
2780:Mushtaq Soofi (13 June 2014).
2732:Mushtaq Soofi (13 June 2014).
2446:Vasudeva, Vikas (2022-05-12).
2054:
1989:
1913:
1736:natural homelandâ of the Sikhs
1633:Government of Punjab, Pakistan
1162:Historiography and nationalism
612:Nationalism in the Middle Ages
527:as their mother tongue, while
495:as a language associated with
1:
5773:Vojvodina Autonomist Movement
5768:Tibetan independence movement
5698:Hawaiian sovereignty movement
5658:Faroese independence movement
5643:Catalan independence movement
4021:"Lingering pain of Partition"
3968:Economic and Political Weekly
3472:Khalid, Haroon (2017-11-29).
3296:Singh, I.P. (November 2016).
3221:Khalid, Haroon (2016-11-01).
2991:Soofi, Mushtaq (2014-04-11).
2082:. 5 July 2015. Archived from
1996:Ayres, Alyssa (August 2008).
1864:"Two Punjabs, one South Asia"
1848:
1535:Islamia University Bahawalpur
1254:Seasonal or cultural festival
5854:Chechen Republic of Ichkeria
5763:Taiwan independence movement
5738:Ryukyu independence movement
5648:Champa independence movement
5628:Alsace independence movement
3188:Datta, Nonica (2019-09-23).
3016:The Encyclopaedia of Sikhism
2341:"THE PUNJAB: TORN BY TERROR"
2339:Gupte, Pranay (1985-09-08).
2290:The Journal of Asian Studies
2002:The Journal of Asian Studies
452:communities and promote the
7:
5718:Mapuche separatist movement
3962:Gupta, Bhabani Sen (1990).
2133:"'Punjabiyat' on a hilltop"
1802:
1715:were also created and some
1610:
1573:The British rulers imposed
1097:Anti-globalization movement
515:. This later culminated in
10:
6155:
5753:Silesian Autonomy Movement
5633:Assam separatist movements
4788:Northern & Middle Asia
3548:"Punjabis Without Punjabi"
2284:Jones, Kenneth W. (1973).
1769:
1650:
1334:
1227:Principle of nationalities
535:in the census, leading to
18:
6070:
6022:
5796:
5758:SzĂŠkely autonomy movement
5620:
5447:
5412:
5367:
5297:
5256:
5238:
5231:
5186:
5143:
5136:
5111:
5075:
5047:
5040:
4967:
4877:
4870:
4835:
4787:
4741:
4656:
4583:
4495:
4488:
4453:
4432:
4391:
4384:
4364:
4343:
4307:
4259:
4252:
4243:
4145:
2978:10.1080/00856408708723379
2563:10.1017/s0021911808001204
2183:Singh, IP (17 May 2015).
2014:10.1017/s0021911808001204
1827:Punjabi Language Movement
1629:Supreme Court of Pakistan
1350:region in remembrance of
804:Constitutional patriotism
565:Anandpur Sahib Resolution
5688:Greenlandic independence
4096:is a concept devised by
3803:Chopra, Radhika (2012).
2551:Journal of Asian Studies
2210:"The idea of Punjabiyat"
2163:TNS â The News on Sunday
1646:
1621:Khawaja Farid Conference
6139:Nationalism in Pakistan
3094:Yasmin, Robina (2022).
2508:Oxford University Press
1691:Borrowing from the pre-
1444:During the rule of the
551:script and traditional
503:advancing the cause of
5713:MÄori protest movement
3140:"Dogra raj in Kashmir"
2542:Ayers, Alyssa (2008).
1767:
1526:
1354:
1152:Gender and nationalism
553:Punjabi cultural dress
523:who mostly identified
50:
5743:Scottish independence
5708:Kashubian Association
5430:Indigenous Australian
4001:Bhatia, Prem (1997).
3717:. 14 September 2015.
3687:. 15 September 2015.
3100:Bloomsbury Publishing
2715:, pp. 27, 37, 38
1837:Punjabi Suba movement
1770:Further information:
1757:
1740:homeland of the Sikhs
1659:Punjabi Suba movement
1653:Punjabi Suba movement
1552:Second Anglo-Sikh War
1504:
1342:
1202:National indifference
537:trifurcation of state
49:
5949:Marathi Abhimaangeet
5748:Siberian regionalism
3635:. 21 February 2011.
3523:"Thank you Punjabi!"
3118:www.timesnownews.com
2373:"How Punjab was won"
2159:"The News on Sunday"
2076:"The News on Sunday"
1797:Indian reunification
1772:Indian reunification
1127:Cultural nationalism
996:National syndicalist
513:Singh Sabha Movement
460:. Supporters in the
6119:Punjabi nationalism
6040:American Indigenous
5673:Free Papua Movement
5083:Balkar and Karachay
4878:Southeastern Europe
4409:Indigenous Canadian
4180:Punjabi nationalism
4084:is named after him.
4061:The Huffington Post
3578:The Express Tribune
2086:on 11 November 2019
1817:Punjabi Culture Day
1726:From 1938 to 1947,
1296:Politics portal
1249:Right-wing populism
1207:Nationalism studies
431:Punjabi nationalism
6085:ethnic nationalism
5788:Welsh independence
5668:Free Aceh Movement
4900:in North Macedonia
4742:South-eastern Asia
4237:Ethnic nationalism
4003:Witness to history
3942:The Indian Express
3840:Saith, A. (2019).
3665:. 26 August 2015.
3453:The Times of India
3403:The Times of India
3302:The Times of India
3074:The Indian Express
3021:8 May 2014 at the
2426:The Indian Express
2377:The Indian Express
2345:The New York Times
2264:The Indian Express
2189:The Times of India
2080:The News on Sunday
1976:The Times of India
1768:
1686:Khalistan movement
1527:
1477:Zaman Shah Durrani
1380:group cohesiveness
1376:community building
1355:
1167:Imagined community
1001:National Bolshevik
720:Self-determination
541:Khalistan movement
51:
21:Khalistan movement
6096:
6095:
5839:Catalan Countries
5443:
5442:
5408:
5407:
5363:
5362:
5227:
5226:
5132:
5131:
4866:
4865:
4484:
4483:
4380:
4379:
4203:
4202:
4054:(10 April 2017).
3918:978-1-107-13654-0
3889:978-0-520-24696-6
3853:978-3-030-12422-9
3820:978-1-136-70435-2
3715:Business Recorder
2808:, pp. 34, 37
2699:978-81-317-1358-7
2647:978-0-7735-4070-5
2598:978-1-874699-05-7
2517:978-0-19-807801-2
1902:. 9 December 2019
1843:Punjabi Knowledge
1822:Punjabi festivals
1732:Master Tara Singh
1529:In her 2022-book
1462:Guru Tegh Bahadur
1332:
1331:
1147:Gastronationalism
1132:Diaspora politics
1107:Banal nationalism
531:identifying with
497:Hindu nationalism
428:
427:
6146:
6124:Punjab, Pakistan
6114:Punjabi language
6089:
5974:Republika Srpska
5783:Walloon Movement
5663:Flemish Movement
5236:
5235:
5141:
5140:
5045:
5044:
4875:
4874:
4493:
4492:
4389:
4388:
4257:
4256:
4250:
4249:
4230:
4223:
4216:
4207:
4206:
4160:Shahmukhi script
4138:Punjabi language
4131:
4124:
4117:
4108:
4107:
4101:
4091:
4085:
4078:
4066:
4065:
4048:
4042:
4041:
4035:
4033:
4016:
4010:
4009:
3998:
3992:
3991:
3974:(7/8): 364â366.
3959:
3953:
3952:
3950:
3949:
3934:
3928:
3927:
3926:
3925:
3909:Sikh Nationalism
3900:
3894:
3893:
3870:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3860:
3837:
3831:
3830:
3828:
3827:
3800:
3794:
3793:
3787:
3779:
3756:
3750:
3749:
3737:
3731:
3730:
3728:
3726:
3707:
3701:
3700:
3698:
3696:
3677:
3671:
3670:
3655:
3649:
3648:
3646:
3644:
3625:
3619:
3618:
3616:
3615:
3600:
3594:
3593:
3591:
3589:
3570:
3564:
3563:
3561:
3559:
3544:
3538:
3537:
3535:
3534:
3519:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3509:
3494:
3488:
3487:
3485:
3484:
3469:
3463:
3462:
3460:
3459:
3444:
3438:
3437:
3435:
3434:
3429:. April 24, 2015
3419:
3413:
3412:
3410:
3409:
3394:
3388:
3387:
3367:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3357:
3343:
3337:
3336:
3334:
3333:
3318:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3308:
3293:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3283:
3277:Rozana Spokesman
3268:
3262:
3261:
3259:
3258:
3243:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3233:
3218:
3212:
3211:
3209:
3208:
3185:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3175:
3160:
3154:
3153:
3151:
3150:
3135:
3129:
3128:
3126:
3125:
3120:. 13 August 2019
3110:
3104:
3103:
3091:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3081:
3066:
3057:
3056:
3054:
3053:
3039:
3030:
3013:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3003:
2988:
2982:
2981:
2961:
2955:
2954:
2942:
2936:
2935:
2923:
2917:
2916:
2904:
2898:
2897:
2882:
2876:
2875:
2863:
2857:
2856:
2844:
2835:
2834:
2827:, pp. 35â36
2822:
2816:
2815:
2803:
2797:
2796:
2794:
2792:
2786:Dawn (newspaper)
2777:
2768:
2767:
2755:
2749:
2748:
2746:
2744:
2738:Dawn (newspaper)
2729:
2723:
2722:
2710:
2704:
2703:
2683:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2673:
2658:
2652:
2651:
2631:
2625:
2624:
2618:
2609:
2603:
2602:
2584:
2575:
2574:
2548:
2539:
2533:
2532:
2530:
2529:
2520:. Archived from
2497:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2487:
2476:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2466:
2443:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2433:
2418:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2408:
2394:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2384:
2369:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2359:
2336:
2330:
2329:
2281:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2271:
2256:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2246:
2231:
2225:
2224:
2222:
2221:
2214:Himal Southasian
2206:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2180:
2174:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2154:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2128:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2112:. 8 October 2015
2102:
2096:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2058:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2032:
2026:
2025:
1993:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1967:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1941:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1931:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1907:
1892:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1882:
1859:
1785:Himachal Pradesh
1721:Himachal Pradesh
1481:Afghan-Sikh Wars
1452:were martyred. (
1324:
1317:
1310:
1294:
1293:
1235:
1217:Plurinationalism
1177:Internationalism
1117:Communitarianism
1102:Anti-imperialism
1092:Anti-nationalism
1081:Related concepts
582:
581:
511:was advanced by
469:Sikh Nationalism
462:Punjabi diaspora
454:Punjabi language
420:
413:
406:
391:
145:Mexican American
26:
25:
6154:
6153:
6149:
6148:
6147:
6145:
6144:
6143:
6134:Pan-nationalism
6109:Punjabi culture
6099:
6098:
6097:
6092:
6074:
6066:
6018:
5954:Northern Epirus
5924:Ketuanan Melayu
5792:
5678:Future of Ă
land
5616:
5552:Native American
5449:Pan-nationalism
5439:
5404:
5368:Northern Europe
5359:
5293:
5252:
5232:Southern Europe
5223:
5182:
5128:
5107:
5071:
5036:
4963:
4862:
4831:
4783:
4737:
4652:
4579:
4480:
4449:
4428:
4419:Native American
4376:
4365:Southern Africa
4360:
4339:
4303:
4245:
4239:
4234:
4204:
4199:
4165:Punjabi Braille
4155:Gurmukhi script
4141:
4135:
4105:
4104:
4092:
4088:
4079:
4075:
4070:
4069:
4052:Markandey Katju
4049:
4045:
4031:
4029:
4017:
4013:
3999:
3995:
3960:
3956:
3947:
3945:
3936:
3935:
3931:
3923:
3921:
3919:
3901:
3897:
3890:
3874:Stanley Wolpert
3871:
3867:
3858:
3856:
3854:
3838:
3834:
3825:
3823:
3821:
3801:
3797:
3781:
3780:
3773:
3757:
3753:
3743:
3738:
3734:
3724:
3722:
3709:
3708:
3704:
3694:
3692:
3679:
3678:
3674:
3657:
3656:
3652:
3642:
3640:
3627:
3626:
3622:
3613:
3611:
3601:
3597:
3587:
3585:
3572:
3571:
3567:
3557:
3555:
3550:. apnaorg.com.
3546:
3545:
3541:
3532:
3530:
3521:
3520:
3516:
3507:
3505:
3495:
3491:
3482:
3480:
3470:
3466:
3457:
3455:
3445:
3441:
3432:
3430:
3421:
3420:
3416:
3407:
3405:
3399:"Future tense?"
3395:
3391:
3384:
3368:
3364:
3355:
3353:
3345:
3344:
3340:
3331:
3329:
3320:
3319:
3315:
3306:
3304:
3294:
3290:
3281:
3279:
3269:
3265:
3256:
3254:
3245:
3244:
3240:
3231:
3229:
3219:
3215:
3206:
3204:
3186:
3182:
3173:
3171:
3161:
3157:
3148:
3146:
3136:
3132:
3123:
3121:
3112:
3111:
3107:
3092:
3088:
3079:
3077:
3068:
3067:
3060:
3051:
3049:
3041:
3040:
3033:
3023:Wayback Machine
3014:
3010:
3001:
2999:
2989:
2985:
2972:(s1): 155â165.
2962:
2958:
2948:
2943:
2939:
2929:
2924:
2920:
2910:
2905:
2901:
2891:
2883:
2879:
2869:
2866:Hobsbawm (2010)
2864:
2860:
2850:
2845:
2838:
2828:
2823:
2819:
2809:
2804:
2800:
2790:
2788:
2778:
2771:
2761:
2756:
2752:
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2740:
2730:
2726:
2716:
2711:
2707:
2700:
2684:
2680:
2671:
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2659:
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2648:
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2628:
2616:
2610:
2606:
2599:
2585:
2578:
2546:
2540:
2536:
2527:
2525:
2518:
2498:
2494:
2485:
2483:
2478:
2477:
2473:
2464:
2462:
2444:
2440:
2431:
2429:
2420:
2419:
2415:
2406:
2404:
2396:
2395:
2391:
2382:
2380:
2371:
2370:
2366:
2357:
2355:
2337:
2333:
2302:10.2307/2052684
2282:
2278:
2269:
2267:
2258:
2257:
2253:
2244:
2242:
2239:Hindustan Times
2233:
2232:
2228:
2219:
2217:
2208:
2207:
2203:
2193:
2191:
2181:
2177:
2167:
2165:
2155:
2151:
2141:
2139:
2129:
2125:
2115:
2113:
2104:
2103:
2099:
2089:
2087:
2074:
2073:
2069:
2060:
2059:
2055:
2045:
2043:
2033:
2029:
1994:
1990:
1980:
1978:
1968:
1964:
1954:
1952:
1942:
1938:
1929:
1927:
1919:
1918:
1914:
1905:
1903:
1894:
1893:
1889:
1880:
1878:
1860:
1856:
1851:
1812:Punjabi culture
1805:
1783:, Haryana, and
1774:
1760:Punjab Province
1752:
1742:. The image of
1709:Union Territory
1703:. The state of
1655:
1649:
1613:
1608:
1547:
1414:social banditry
1337:
1328:
1288:
1281:
1280:
1229:
1122:Cosmopolitanism
1082:
1074:
1073:
1068:
1060:
1059:
740:
730:
729:
700:
692:
691:
607:
519:movement where
424:
392:
382:
381:
266:
258:
257:
189:
179:
178:
108:
98:
97:
61:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6152:
6142:
6141:
6136:
6131:
6126:
6121:
6116:
6111:
6094:
6093:
6091:
6090:
6071:
6068:
6067:
6065:
6064:
6063:
6062:
6057:
6052:
6047:
6042:
6032:
6026:
6024:
6020:
6019:
6017:
6016:
6011:
6006:
6001:
5996:
5991:
5986:
5981:
5976:
5971:
5966:
5961:
5956:
5951:
5946:
5941:
5936:
5931:
5926:
5921:
5916:
5911:
5909:Karakalpakstan
5906:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5889:East Turkestan
5886:
5881:
5876:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5806:
5800:
5798:
5794:
5793:
5791:
5790:
5785:
5780:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5730:
5725:
5720:
5715:
5710:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5624:
5622:
5618:
5617:
5615:
5614:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5574:
5569:
5564:
5559:
5554:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5453:
5451:
5445:
5444:
5441:
5440:
5438:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5416:
5414:
5410:
5409:
5406:
5405:
5403:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5371:
5369:
5365:
5364:
5361:
5360:
5358:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5301:
5299:
5295:
5294:
5292:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5260:
5258:
5254:
5253:
5251:
5250:
5245:
5239:
5233:
5229:
5228:
5225:
5224:
5222:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5190:
5188:
5187:United Kingdom
5184:
5183:
5181:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5144:
5138:
5137:Western Europe
5134:
5133:
5130:
5129:
5127:
5126:
5121:
5115:
5113:
5109:
5108:
5106:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5079:
5077:
5076:North Caucasus
5073:
5072:
5070:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5048:
5042:
5041:Eastern Europe
5038:
5037:
5035:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5008:
5007:
5002:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4971:
4969:
4968:Central Europe
4965:
4964:
4962:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4949:Romani (Gypsy)
4946:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4930:
4929:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4903:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4881:
4879:
4872:
4868:
4867:
4864:
4863:
4861:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4839:
4837:
4836:South Caucasus
4833:
4832:
4830:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4808:
4807:
4805:South Mongolia
4797:
4791:
4789:
4785:
4784:
4782:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4745:
4743:
4739:
4738:
4736:
4735:
4730:
4729:
4728:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4677:
4676:
4666:
4660:
4658:
4654:
4653:
4651:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4609:
4608:
4598:
4593:
4587:
4585:
4581:
4580:
4578:
4577:
4572:
4571:
4570:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4534:
4533:
4528:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4499:
4497:
4490:
4486:
4485:
4482:
4481:
4479:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4457:
4455:
4451:
4450:
4448:
4447:
4442:
4436:
4434:
4430:
4429:
4427:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4395:
4393:
4386:
4382:
4381:
4378:
4377:
4375:
4374:
4368:
4366:
4362:
4361:
4359:
4358:
4353:
4347:
4345:
4341:
4340:
4338:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4311:
4309:
4305:
4304:
4302:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4290:
4289:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4263:
4261:
4254:
4247:
4241:
4240:
4233:
4232:
4225:
4218:
4210:
4201:
4200:
4198:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4146:
4143:
4142:
4134:
4133:
4126:
4119:
4111:
4103:
4102:
4086:
4072:
4071:
4068:
4067:
4043:
4011:
3993:
3954:
3929:
3917:
3895:
3888:
3865:
3852:
3832:
3819:
3813:. p. 42.
3795:
3771:
3751:
3742:, p. 391.
3732:
3702:
3672:
3650:
3620:
3595:
3580:. 4 May 2015.
3565:
3539:
3514:
3489:
3464:
3439:
3414:
3389:
3382:
3362:
3338:
3313:
3288:
3263:
3238:
3213:
3180:
3155:
3130:
3105:
3086:
3058:
3031:
3008:
2983:
2956:
2945:Purewal (2010)
2937:
2918:
2899:
2885:Purewal (2010)
2877:
2858:
2836:
2817:
2798:
2769:
2750:
2724:
2705:
2698:
2678:
2653:
2646:
2626:
2604:
2597:
2576:
2534:
2516:
2492:
2471:
2438:
2413:
2389:
2364:
2331:
2296:(3): 457â475.
2276:
2251:
2226:
2201:
2175:
2149:
2123:
2097:
2067:
2053:
2027:
1988:
1962:
1936:
1912:
1887:
1853:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1845:
1840:
1834:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1801:
1751:
1748:
1651:Main article:
1648:
1645:
1639:every year on
1612:
1609:
1607:
1606:Post-Partition
1604:
1546:
1545:British period
1543:
1473:Durrani Empire
1448:in India, two
1428:Guru Arjan Dev
1336:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1326:
1319:
1312:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1299:
1298:
1283:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1267:
1266:
1264:in Catholicism
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1112:Civil religion
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1031:
1030:
1025:
1024:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1003:
998:
988:
983:
982:
981:
976:
971:
970:
969:
959:
958:
957:
952:
937:
936:
935:
930:
925:
920:
919:
918:
908:
903:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
837:
836:
834:Ethnopluralism
826:
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
795:
794:
789:
784:
774:
773:
772:
762:
757:
752:
747:
741:
736:
735:
732:
731:
728:
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
701:
698:
697:
694:
693:
690:
689:
684:
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
654:
649:
644:
639:
634:
629:
624:
619:
614:
608:
602:
601:
598:
597:
591:
590:
545:Sikh militants
458:Northern India
456:in regions of
426:
425:
423:
422:
415:
408:
400:
397:
396:
384:
383:
380:
379:
349:
323:
318:
313:
308:
303:
298:
293:
288:
283:
278:
273:
267:
264:
263:
260:
259:
256:
255:
250:
245:
235:
230:
225:
220:
206:
201:
196:
190:
185:
184:
181:
180:
177:
176:
171:
166:
155:
154:
149:
148:
147:
131:
130:
128:United Kingdom
119:
118:
109:
104:
103:
100:
99:
96:
95:
90:
85:
80:
79:
78:
68:
62:
57:
56:
53:
52:
42:
41:
35:
34:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6151:
6140:
6137:
6135:
6132:
6130:
6129:Punjab, India
6127:
6125:
6122:
6120:
6117:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6107:
6106:
6104:
6087:
6086:
6082:
6081:ethnic groups
6078:
6073:
6072:
6069:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6053:
6051:
6048:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6038:
6037:
6036:
6033:
6031:
6030:Local (China)
6028:
6027:
6025:
6021:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5942:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5927:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5894:Herzeg-Bosnia
5892:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5801:
5799:
5795:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5625:
5623:
5619:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5560:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5454:
5452:
5450:
5446:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5417:
5415:
5411:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5372:
5370:
5366:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5302:
5300:
5296:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5261:
5259:
5255:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5240:
5237:
5234:
5230:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5191:
5189:
5185:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5145:
5142:
5139:
5135:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5116:
5114:
5110:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5080:
5078:
5074:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5049:
5046:
5043:
5039:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4997:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4972:
4970:
4966:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4928:
4925:
4924:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4887:
4886:
4883:
4882:
4880:
4876:
4873:
4869:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4840:
4838:
4834:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4806:
4803:
4802:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4792:
4790:
4786:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4746:
4744:
4740:
4734:
4731:
4727:
4724:
4723:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4675:
4674:in Bangladesh
4672:
4671:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4661:
4659:
4657:Southern Asia
4655:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4607:
4604:
4603:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4588:
4586:
4582:
4576:
4573:
4569:
4566:
4565:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4523:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4500:
4498:
4494:
4491:
4487:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4458:
4456:
4454:South America
4452:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4437:
4435:
4431:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4396:
4394:
4392:North America
4390:
4387:
4383:
4373:
4370:
4369:
4367:
4363:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4348:
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4342:
4336:
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4300:
4297:
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4288:
4285:
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4273:
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4264:
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4208:
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4139:
4132:
4127:
4125:
4120:
4118:
4113:
4112:
4109:
4099:
4098:Eric Hobsbawm
4095:
4094:Social bandit
4090:
4083:
4077:
4073:
4063:
4062:
4057:
4053:
4047:
4040:
4028:
4027:
4022:
4015:
4008:
4004:
3997:
3989:
3985:
3981:
3977:
3973:
3969:
3965:
3958:
3943:
3939:
3933:
3920:
3914:
3910:
3906:
3899:
3891:
3885:
3881:
3880:
3875:
3869:
3855:
3849:
3845:
3844:
3836:
3822:
3816:
3812:
3808:
3807:
3799:
3791:
3785:
3778:
3774:
3772:9789351503057
3768:
3764:
3763:
3755:
3747:
3741:
3736:
3720:
3716:
3712:
3706:
3690:
3686:
3682:
3676:
3668:
3664:
3660:
3654:
3638:
3634:
3630:
3624:
3610:
3606:
3599:
3583:
3579:
3575:
3569:
3553:
3549:
3543:
3528:
3524:
3518:
3504:
3500:
3493:
3479:
3475:
3468:
3454:
3450:
3443:
3428:
3424:
3418:
3404:
3400:
3393:
3385:
3383:9780812200171
3379:
3375:
3374:
3366:
3352:
3348:
3342:
3327:
3323:
3317:
3303:
3299:
3292:
3278:
3274:
3267:
3252:
3248:
3242:
3228:
3224:
3217:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3191:
3184:
3170:
3166:
3159:
3145:
3141:
3134:
3119:
3115:
3109:
3102:. p. 63.
3101:
3097:
3090:
3075:
3071:
3065:
3063:
3048:
3044:
3038:
3036:
3028:
3024:
3020:
3017:
3012:
2998:
2994:
2987:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2960:
2952:
2946:
2941:
2933:
2927:
2922:
2914:
2908:
2903:
2895:
2890:
2886:
2881:
2873:
2868:, p. 13.
2867:
2862:
2854:
2848:
2843:
2841:
2832:
2826:
2821:
2813:
2807:
2802:
2787:
2783:
2776:
2774:
2765:
2760:, p. 106
2759:
2754:
2739:
2735:
2728:
2720:
2714:
2709:
2701:
2695:
2691:
2690:
2682:
2668:
2664:
2657:
2649:
2643:
2639:
2638:
2630:
2622:
2615:
2608:
2600:
2594:
2590:
2583:
2581:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2557:(3): 917â46.
2556:
2552:
2545:
2538:
2524:on 2016-03-07
2523:
2519:
2513:
2509:
2506:. New Delhi:
2505:
2504:
2496:
2481:
2475:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2442:
2427:
2423:
2417:
2403:
2399:
2393:
2378:
2374:
2368:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2335:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2280:
2265:
2261:
2255:
2240:
2236:
2230:
2215:
2211:
2205:
2190:
2186:
2179:
2164:
2160:
2153:
2138:
2134:
2127:
2111:
2107:
2101:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2071:
2063:
2057:
2042:
2038:
2031:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1992:
1977:
1973:
1966:
1951:
1947:
1940:
1926:
1922:
1916:
1901:
1897:
1891:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1858:
1854:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:Punjabization
1807:
1806:
1800:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1773:
1765:
1764:British India
1761:
1756:
1747:
1745:
1744:Punjab region
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1724:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1689:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1654:
1644:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1617:
1603:
1599:
1596:
1590:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1571:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1555:
1553:
1542:
1538:
1536:
1532:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1503:
1499:
1497:
1492:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1469:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1446:Mughal Empire
1442:
1440:
1436:
1431:
1429:
1424:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1383:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1372:
1367:
1366:
1361:
1360:heterogeneous
1353:
1349:
1345:
1344:Lohri Bonfire
1341:
1325:
1320:
1318:
1313:
1311:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1286:
1285:
1284:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1233:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1137:Ethnocentrism
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1078:
1077:
1072:
1067:Organizations
1064:
1063:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1040:Technological
1038:
1036:
1033:
1029:
1028:Ethnocacerism
1026:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
993:
992:
991:Revolutionary
989:
987:
984:
980:
977:
975:
972:
968:
965:
964:
963:
960:
956:
953:
951:
948:
947:
946:
943:
942:
941:
938:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
917:
914:
913:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
898:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
871:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
835:
832:
831:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
779:
778:
775:
771:
768:
767:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
742:
739:
734:
733:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
702:
696:
695:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
633:
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
609:
605:
600:
599:
596:
593:
592:
588:
584:
583:
580:
578:
577:Sikh homeland
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
517:Punjabi Sooba
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
465:
463:
459:
455:
451:
450:Punjabi Hindu
447:
443:
438:
436:
432:
421:
416:
414:
409:
407:
402:
401:
399:
398:
395:
394:Punjab portal
390:
386:
385:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
350:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
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324:
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312:
309:
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304:
302:
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297:
294:
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289:
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284:
282:
279:
277:
274:
272:
269:
268:
262:
261:
254:
251:
249:
246:
243:
242:Folk religion
239:
236:
234:
231:
229:
226:
224:
221:
218:
214:
210:
207:
205:
202:
200:
197:
195:
192:
191:
188:
183:
182:
175:
172:
170:
167:
165:
162:
161:
160:
159:
153:
150:
146:
143:
142:
141:
140:United States
138:
137:
136:
135:
134:North America
129:
126:
125:
124:
123:
117:
114:
113:
112:
107:
102:
101:
94:
91:
89:
86:
84:
81:
77:
74:
73:
72:
69:
67:
64:
63:
60:
55:
54:
48:
44:
43:
40:
37:
36:
32:
28:
27:
22:
6076:
6075:
6004:SzĂŠkely Land
5969:Pashtunistan
5819:Balawaristan
5592:South Slavic
5582:Scandinavian
5112:Volga Region
4726:in Sri Lanka
4705:
4584:Eastern Asia
4445:Puerto Rican
4260:North Africa
4244:Nationalisms
4179:
4093:
4089:
4076:
4059:
4046:
4037:
4030:. Retrieved
4024:
4014:
4006:
4002:
3996:
3971:
3967:
3957:
3946:. Retrieved
3944:. 2022-05-15
3941:
3932:
3922:, retrieved
3908:
3898:
3878:
3868:
3857:. Retrieved
3842:
3835:
3824:. Retrieved
3805:
3798:
3776:
3761:
3754:
3735:
3725:15 September
3723:. Retrieved
3714:
3705:
3695:15 September
3693:. Retrieved
3684:
3675:
3662:
3653:
3643:15 September
3641:. Retrieved
3632:
3623:
3612:. Retrieved
3608:
3598:
3586:. Retrieved
3577:
3568:
3556:. Retrieved
3542:
3531:. Retrieved
3529:. 2019-09-30
3526:
3517:
3506:. Retrieved
3502:
3492:
3481:. Retrieved
3477:
3467:
3456:. Retrieved
3452:
3442:
3431:. Retrieved
3426:
3417:
3406:. Retrieved
3402:
3392:
3372:
3365:
3354:. Retrieved
3350:
3341:
3330:. Retrieved
3325:
3316:
3305:. Retrieved
3301:
3291:
3280:. Retrieved
3276:
3266:
3255:. Retrieved
3253:. 2014-04-14
3250:
3241:
3230:. Retrieved
3226:
3216:
3205:. Retrieved
3193:
3183:
3172:. Retrieved
3169:Quartz India
3168:
3158:
3147:. Retrieved
3143:
3133:
3122:. Retrieved
3117:
3108:
3095:
3089:
3078:. Retrieved
3076:. 2019-06-28
3073:
3050:. Retrieved
3046:
3026:
3011:
3000:. Retrieved
2996:
2986:
2969:
2965:
2959:
2947:, p. 83
2940:
2928:, p. 76
2926:Ayres (2009)
2921:
2909:, p. 37
2902:
2880:
2861:
2849:, p. 36
2820:
2801:
2789:. Retrieved
2785:
2758:Singh (2008)
2753:
2741:. Retrieved
2737:
2727:
2708:
2688:
2681:
2670:. Retrieved
2666:
2656:
2636:
2629:
2620:
2607:
2588:
2554:
2550:
2537:
2526:. Retrieved
2522:the original
2502:
2495:
2484:. Retrieved
2482:. 2021-02-16
2474:
2463:. Retrieved
2451:
2441:
2430:. Retrieved
2428:. 2022-05-15
2425:
2416:
2405:. Retrieved
2401:
2392:
2381:. Retrieved
2379:. 2010-05-17
2376:
2367:
2356:. Retrieved
2344:
2334:
2293:
2289:
2279:
2268:. Retrieved
2266:. 2019-10-18
2263:
2254:
2243:. Retrieved
2241:. 2023-04-28
2238:
2229:
2218:. Retrieved
2216:. 2010-05-01
2213:
2204:
2192:. Retrieved
2188:
2178:
2166:. Retrieved
2162:
2152:
2140:. Retrieved
2136:
2126:
2114:. Retrieved
2109:
2100:
2090:15 September
2088:. Retrieved
2084:the original
2079:
2070:
2056:
2046:15 September
2044:. Retrieved
2040:
2030:
2005:
2001:
1991:
1979:. Retrieved
1975:
1965:
1953:. Retrieved
1949:
1939:
1928:. Retrieved
1924:
1915:
1904:. Retrieved
1899:
1890:
1879:. Retrieved
1867:
1857:
1799:in general.
1775:
1725:
1690:
1656:
1620:
1618:
1614:
1600:
1591:
1572:
1561:, after the
1556:
1548:
1539:
1530:
1528:
1523:Ranjit Singh
1521:of Maharaja
1505:Punjabis of
1493:
1484:
1470:
1443:
1432:
1425:
1421:
1418:
1391:Dulla Bhatti
1384:
1369:
1363:
1356:
1352:Dulla Bhatti
1259:Subsidiarity
1087:Anationalism
846:Expansionist
710:Independence
466:
439:
430:
429:
157:
156:
133:
132:
121:
120:
110:
92:
6009:Tamil Eelam
5989:Saraikistan
5869:Hatay State
5824:Balochistan
5778:Wallmapuwen
5472:Bangladeshi
4944:Montenegrin
4848:Azerbaijani
4812:Pan-Turkism
4553:Palestinian
4496:Middle East
4404:Greenlandic
4308:East Africa
4026:The Tribune
3588:30 December
3427:India Today
3351:apnaorg.com
3326:India Today
3251:Daily Times
2907:Gaur (2008)
2847:Gaur (2008)
2825:Gaur (2008)
2806:Gaur (2008)
2791:4 September
2743:4 September
2713:Gaur (2008)
2402:India Today
1925:The Tribune
1793:West Punjab
1789:East Punjab
1682:East Punjab
1575:martial law
1559:British Raj
1557:During the
1496:Sikh Empire
1230: [
1182:Irredentism
1172:Imperialism
1045:Territorial
1011:Legionarism
699:Core values
595:Nationalism
567:also links
555:in Punjab.
487:script and
330:Sindh Sagar
169:New Zealand
116:Afghanistan
93:Nationalism
6103:Categories
6055:Indigenous
5999:Sindhudesh
5979:Santa Cruz
5899:Hutu Power
5829:Bangsamoro
5420:Australian
5395:Lithuanian
5310:Andalusian
5088:Circassian
5052:Belarusian
5000:in Austria
4934:Macedonian
4890:in Albania
4779:Vietnamese
4613:Hongkonger
4606:chauvinist
4287:Pharaonism
4185:Punjabiyat
4175:Literature
4082:Sandal Bar
3948:2023-05-24
3924:2023-05-24
3859:2023-03-10
3826:2023-03-10
3685:The Nation
3663:The Nation
3633:The Nation
3614:2023-05-06
3558:13 January
3533:2019-10-02
3527:The Nation
3508:2019-10-02
3483:2019-10-02
3458:2019-10-02
3433:2019-10-02
3408:2019-10-07
3356:2019-10-02
3332:2019-10-02
3307:2019-10-02
3282:2019-10-02
3257:2019-10-02
3232:2019-10-02
3207:2019-10-02
3174:2019-10-02
3149:2019-10-02
3124:2019-10-02
3080:2019-10-02
3052:2019-10-02
3025:, section
3002:2019-10-02
2887:, p.
2672:2022-03-06
2528:2023-04-30
2486:2023-05-14
2465:2023-05-14
2432:2023-05-14
2407:2023-05-14
2383:2023-05-14
2358:2023-05-14
2270:2023-05-14
2245:2023-05-14
2220:2023-05-06
1930:2019-12-25
1906:2019-12-25
1881:2019-12-25
1849:References
1777:Bhajan Lal
1713:Chandigarh
1567:Hindustani
1454:Guru Arjan
1450:Sikh gurus
1276:Xenophobia
1244:Revanchism
1197:Militarism
856:Indigenism
851:Homosexual
819:Ecological
725:Solidarity
715:Patriotism
705:Allegiance
505:Devanagari
501:Arya Samaj
485:Devanagari
479:script in
253:Television
223:Literature
5959:Occitania
5944:Manchukuo
5934:Lezgistan
5929:Kurdistan
5874:Hazarajat
5859:Circassia
5621:Movements
5572:Pakistani
5547:Mongolian
5487:Congolese
5400:Norwegian
5390:Icelandic
5355:Valencian
5350:Navarrese
5335:Castilian
5315:Aragonese
5279:Sardinian
5062:Ukrainian
5032:Slovenian
5012:Hungarian
4927:in Cyprus
4907:Aromanian
4895:in Kosovo
4800:Mongolian
4716:Sinhalese
4686:Dravidian
4643:Taiwanese
4591:Cantonese
4568:in Cyprus
4538:Jordanian
4461:Argentine
4433:Caribbean
4424:QuĂŠbĂŠcois
4372:Afrikaner
4032:5 October
3980:0012-9976
3811:Routledge
3784:cite book
3740:Doad 1997
3503:Scroll.in
3202:0971-751X
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2326:163885354
2310:0021-9118
2194:8 October
2168:8 October
2142:8 October
2137:The Hindu
2116:8 October
1981:8 October
1955:8 October
1950:The Hindu
1900:Scroll.in
1876:0971-751X
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1728:Akali Dal
1697:Akali Dal
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1398:folk hero
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940:Religious
866:Left-wing
809:Corporate
799:Communist
760:Bourgeois
750:Anarchist
311:Bhattiana
209:Festivals
164:Australia
5919:Katarism
5844:Chameria
5797:Projects
5602:Turanian
5597:Tunisian
5567:Oceanian
5557:Nigerian
5507:Hispanic
5502:Germanic
5492:European
5425:Hawaiian
5375:Estonian
5345:Galician
5330:Canarian
5320:Asturian
5289:Venetian
5284:Sicilian
5274:Padanian
5248:Corsican
5209:Scottish
5103:Ossetian
5022:Silesian
5005:VĂślkisch
4980:Bavarian
4975:Austrian
4954:Romanian
4939:Moldovan
4917:Croatian
4885:Albanian
4853:Georgian
4843:Armenian
4822:Siberian
4749:Filipino
4664:Assamese
4633:Okinawan
4618:Japanese
4548:Lebanese
4526:Diaspora
4508:Assyrian
4476:Peruvian
4385:Americas
4335:Tigrayan
4282:Egyptian
4170:Dialects
4039:Chandan.
3876:(2005).
3719:Archived
3689:Archived
3667:Archived
3637:Archived
3609:DAWN.COM
3582:Archived
3552:Archived
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3227:HuffPost
3047:The Wire
3019:Archived
2997:dawn.com
2571:56127067
2041:dawn.com
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1831:Pakistan
1803:See also
1707:and the
1631:against
1611:Pakistan
1563:Bengalis
1525:. c.1850
1489:Vaisakhi
1458:Jahangir
1365:biradari
1271:Trumpism
1212:Nativism
1192:Localism
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5119:Chuvash
5067:Yiddish
5057:Russian
4990:Frisian
4959:Serbian
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4817:Pashtun
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4706:Punjabi
4669:Bengali
4648:Tibetan
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4543:Kurdish
4531:Zionism
4522:Jewish
4513:Iranian
4471:Mapuche
4466:Criollo
4440:Haitian
4399:Chicano
4344:Nigeria
4299:Sahrawi
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4150:Grammar
3988:4395948
2318:2052684
1839:(India)
1730:led by
1705:Haryana
1671:Punjabi
1579:Muslims
1410:Punjabi
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1335:History
1006:Fascism
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876:Musical
770:Welfare
745:African
627:Colours
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525:Punjabi
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301:Derajat
296:Pothwar
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199:Cuisine
187:Culture
158:Oceania
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5864:Crimea
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5804:Arakan
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5562:Nordic
5542:Libyan
5532:Korean
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5497:Finnic
5477:Celtic
5325:Basque
5243:Basque
5214:Ulster
5163:French
5153:Breton
5098:Lezgin
5093:Ingush
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4995:German
4871:Europe
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4623:Korean
4558:Syrian
4414:Lakota
4330:Somali
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1766:(1909)
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5168:Irish
5124:Tatar
4985:Czech
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4759:Malay
4754:Khmer
4721:Tamil
4518:Iraqi
4356:Ogoni
4195:Poets
3984:JSTOR
3879:India
2617:(PDF)
2567:S2CID
2547:(PDF)
2322:S2CID
2314:JSTOR
2018:S2CID
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6077:Note
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