Pushkar Lake - Knowledge

1004: 1031:, Hindu holy men, gather here and stay from the Ekadashi to full moon day in caves. The Pushkar fair is also Asia's largest camel fair. The colourful and lively Camel Fair reportedly attracts 2 lakh people and 50,000 camels. In this fair held on the banks of the lake, camels are very colourfully decorated and paraded in the sand dunes on the southern part of the lake. Tribes from several neighbouring villages are seen in their traditional colourful costumes. The fair on Kartik Poornima, the day when Brahma is believed to have concluded his Yagna establishing the lake. It is organized by the Rajasthan Tourism Development Corporation (RTDC), Pushkar Municipal Board and the Animal Husbandry Department of Rajasthan. The fair is a colourful cultural event also with folk dances, music, camel races, and the cattle fair. The 1115:, dissolved oxygen, chloride, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, sulphate, sodium, ammonium, potassium, total chlorophyll, biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand. The analysis over the period has revealed that the lake water was alkaline, chloride and conductivity concentrations were high at all the four sites, and there were lower levels of dissolved oxygen (at sites with greater pollution load) and high hardness (on account of excess of calcium and magnesium from surface run-off). During the period of the annual Pushkar Fair, a distinct co-relationship was discerned between various parameters analysed and the degree of water pollution in the lake. This has called for urgent remedial actions to be undertaken by all of the government agencies involved with the lake management, with people's participation. 852:'s rule (1658–1707) but were re-built subsequently. The most important of these is the Brahma temple. Though the current structure dates to the 14th century, the original temple is believed to be 2000 years old. Pushkar is often described in the scriptures as the only Brahma temple in the world, owing to the curse of Savitri, but also as the "King of the sacred places of the Hindus". Although now the Pushkar temple does not remain the only Brahma temple, it is still one of very few existing temples dedicated to Brahma in India as well as the most prominent. Hindu pilgrims, including holy men and sages visit this temple after taking a ceremonial sacred bath in the Pushkar Lake. Other notable temples around the lake include Varaha temple – dedicated to 1140:

for adoption to clean the lake are by way of desilting, water treatment at inlet of feeders into the lake, construction of check dams, conservation of ghats, afforestation of denuded hills in the catchment, soil moisture conservation measures, stabilization of sand dunes by planting vegetation of suitable species of plants and restriction of cultivation in the bed of feeder channels. In addition, the institutional measures considered for effecting improvement of the lake are mass awareness programmes with the population's participation as well as the control of fish proliferation to reduce the risk of death of fishes during periods of inadequate water depth in the lake.

397: 31: 646: 1170: 659:, Brahma saw the demon Vajranabha (Vajranash in another version) trying to kill his children and harassing people. He immediately slew the demon with his weapon, the lotus-flower. In this process, the lotus petals fell on the ground at three places, where springs emerged creating three lakes: the Pushkar Lake or Jyeshta Pushkar (greatest or first Pushkar), the Madya Pushkar (middle Pushkar) Lake, and Kanishta Pushkar (lowest or youngest Pushkar) lake. When Brahma came down to the earth, he named the place where the flower ("pushpa") fell from Brahma's hand ("kar") as "Pushkar". It is also said that the sacred 341: 945:. There are strict codes to be followed while taking a bath in the ghats, such as removing shoes away from the ghats and avoiding the passing of unwarranted comments about Hindu religious beliefs by non-Hindus, since the ghats and the temples are linked to the divine lake. The sacred water of the lake is said to be curative of many skin diseases. Local belief is that water around each ghat has a special curative power. While many ghats have been named after the Rajas who built them, some ghats have particular importance. Varaha ghat is so named since Vishnu appeared here in his incarnation of a boar ( 870: 1147: 879: 686:, a dominant agricultural race named Gayatri and completed the yagna with his new consort sitting beside him. However, when Savitri finally arrived at the venue, she found Gayatri sitting next to Brahma in her rightful place. Agitated, she cursed Brahma that he would be worshipped only in Pushkar. As a result of this, yagna performed in the presence of all the gods, it is said that a dip in the lake created at this place is credited with holiness, assuring salvation from all sins. It is now one of the five holiest centres of pilgrimage for Hindus. 44: 737: 450: 989: 830:. Thus, its uniqueness lies in the fact of its historic-religious-cultural background, and as a result it attracts approximately 100,000 visitors every month, apart from the very large congregation that occurs during the annual Pushkar Fair. However, Pushkar Lake is central to its sustenance as a religious centre. The tourist arrivals during 2005 were reported to be about 16.12 million (said to be the maximum among all tourist attractions in Rajasthan), out of which the foreign tourists were about 63,000. 437:

viscous water and the lack of oxygen for the fish to survive. Since the region where the lake and its valley is situated is arid, the flora and fauna recorded relate to desert plants, including cactus and thorny bushes, as well as desert animals like camels and cattle. Man-eating crocodiles used to be a menace in the Puskhar Lake, resulting in the deaths of people. Pilgrims were aware of this fact, yet many considered it lucky to be eaten by crocodiles. The crocodiles were caught with nets by the

1124: 2571: 793: 980: 368:. The valley is formed between the two parallel ranges of the Aravalli hills (in elevation range of 650–856 metres (2,133–2,808 ft) running south-west to north-east. Situated at 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) northwest from Ajmer, the artificial Pushkar Lake created by building a dam is surrounded by deserts and hills on all three sides. The lake is categorized as a "Sacred Lake" under the list of "Classification of Lakes in India". 896:(stone steps laid on a gradual bank slope to descend to the lake edge) at Pushkar are integral to the lake. Ghats are also used for sacred bathing and rites, such as ancestor worship. Out of 52 ghats used by pilgrims to take a holy bath in the lake, ten important ghats on the periphery of the lake, which have other contiguous ghats adjoining them, have also been declared as 'Monuments of National Importance'. These ghats are: the 51: 819:

Pushkar city, with a population of 14,791 at the 2001 census, is one of the oldest cities in India. The city lies on the shore of Pushkar Lake. The date of its actual origin is not known, but legend associates Brahma with its creation concurrent with the lake; Brahma is said to have performed penance

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Pushkar Lake, when full, is rich in fish and other aquatic life. The depth of the lake has substantially shrunk – to less than 1.5 metres (4.9 ft) from a maximum of 9 metres (30 ft) – resulting in the death of large fish weighing 5–20 kilograms (11–44 lb), caused due to the

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The Pushkar Lake drains a catchment of the Aravalli hills covering an area of 22 square kilometres (8.5 sq mi). The lake has a water surface area of 22 hectares (54 acres). It is a perennial lake sourced by the monsoon rainfall over the catchment. The depth of water in the lake varies from

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climatic conditions with dry and hot summers and cool winters. The summer months of May and June are the hottest, with a maximum temperature of around 45 °C (113 °F). During the winter months, the maximum mean temperature is in the range of 25–10 °C (77–50 °F). Rain mainly occurs

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Sewage outfalls into the lake are proposed to be completely stopped by the interception and diversion of feeder lines. Lining the main feeders into the lake and setting up water treatment plants to continuously treat and recirculate the lake water are also envisioned. Conservation measures proposed

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Development plans are under various stages of implementation to address the critical issues related to the lake. They aim to improve water quality, increase water storage capacity, prevent encroachment of the lake periphery, improve the ambiance around the lake, as well as to introduce recreational

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came to the lake to take a bath. Vishwamitra was enamoured by her beauty and they decided to live together in pursuit of pleasure for ten years. Then, Vishwamitra realized that his main activity of penance was disturbed. He, therefore, took leave of Menaka and went away to the north to continue his

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The soil and topography in the catchment are predominantly sandy with very low water retention capacity. The land use pattern in the Pushkar valley that drains into the lake comprises 30% of the area under shifting sand dunes, 30% under hills (degraded and barren) and streams and 40% of the area is

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Tourism, deforestation and pollution in the surroundings have taken a heavy toll on the lake, adversely affecting its water quality, reducing the water levels and destroying the fish population. As part of conservation measures, the government is undertaking de-silting, de-weeding, water treatment,

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of Kartik, when the Pushkar Fair is held. During the 2009 Pushkar fair, the situation became very grim when the lake dried up entirely. Alternate arrangements were made to facilitate sacred bathing by providing water in concrete tanks near one of the upper ghats, fed by tube wells from groundwater

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Upstream interception by farmers through check dams for farming practices causing reduction in inflows. This reduction is reflected in the full reservoir level of 8.53 metres (28.0 ft) not being achieved during most years, resulting in pilgrim displeasure and the reduction in maximum depth of

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Ghat. These ghats, as well as the sacred Pushkar Lake (which is also a declared heritage monument), have been refurbished over the centuries by the Royal families of Rajasthan and by the Maratha kings. These are now undergoing further works as part of a heritage improvement programme launched with

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To supplement water supply to the lake, even as early as in 1993, the government built 12 deep tube wells to supplement water supply to the lake. However, most tube wells were dysfunctional, thereby aggravating the problem. The Union Ministry for Environment and Forests included Pushkar Lake on a

1027:(October–November), the latter being the most important day of the fair. This fair is held in the honour of god Brahma. A ritual bath on Kartik Poornima in the Pushkar Lake is considered to lead one to salvation. It is believed circling the three Pushkars on Kartik Poornima is highly meritorious. 1094:

pressures and holy rituals and tourism, a water quality study was specifically undertaken at four sites on a monthly basis for six months. The sampling sites were chosen to represent the pressure of pilgrims and other pollution inflows at the locations. The water samples were analysed for

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marks on his hand had disappeared. Impressed with the sacred curative nature of the lake, he got the lake restored to its glory. After discovering the curative characteristics of the lake water, people have since visited the lake to take a holy dip and cure themselves of skin problems.

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The natural environment of Pushkar Lake and its precincts has become increasingly degraded in the last few decades. The problems arise primarily from the over development of tourist facilities as well as the deforestation of the surrounding area.

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during a short spell of two months during July and August. The recorded average rainfall is in the range of 400–600 millimetres (16–24 in). Rainfall is also recorded some times during winter months of January and February.

678:, respectively. When Brahma came down to the earth, he named the place where the lotus fell as 'Pushkar'. Brahma then decided to perform a yagna at the place, at the main Pushkar Lake. However, his wife Savitri (called 421:

of various sizes, the surface water flow from the catchment into the lake is channeled through a series of arches under a footbridge, 110 metres (360 ft) long at the southern end. The footbridge facilitates the

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In recent years, storage in the Pushkar Lake has been reduced alarmingly, leaving only a small puddle of water in many years during the festival season when pilgrims flock to the lake for sacred bathing during the

1015:, which has both a religious as well as an economic aspect. During the fair, a very large gathering of pilgrims takes a holy dip in the lake and the camel fair is an adjunct celebration. Pushkar Fair commences on 543:, about 23 kilometres (14 mi) from Pushkar. This act violated the local tradition of not killing any animals in the precincts of the sacred lake. He also committed an idolatrous act by breaking the image of 594:

made great efforts to restore the importance of the lake and its surrounding temples. Credits given for modern additions to the building of ghats and the renovation/construction of temples go to Maharaja

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Siltation during the rainy season due to soil erosion of the denuded hills and inappropriate agricultural practices flowing through the three feeder streams namely, the Gomukh, the Nag Pahar and Savitri.

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for combining the religious pilgrimage with a cattle fair to generate taxes for improving the lake and its surroundings; and gifting of the Jaipur Ghat and the Main Palace on the ghat in 1956 by the

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list of five lakes under the National Lake Conservation Project (NLCP) for restoration. They have been providing funds since 2008 for the restoration works, but the situation has not eased.

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sources. While the authorities have been blamed for poor planning by de-silting the lake, the drought situation has resulted in insignificant rainfall in the area to fill the lake.

756:, Pampa Sarovar and Pushkar Sarovar; hence, Pushkar is considered one of the most sacred places in India. It is also the belief of devotees that a dip in the waters of the lake on 764:(fire-sacrifices) for several centuries. Pushkar is often called "Tirtha-Raj" – the king of pilgrimage sites related to water-bodies. The scriptures also mention that doing 733:, considered as the Adi Tirtha where millions of tirthas united during sunrise and sunset, and visiting the lake and taking a holy bath in the lake would wash off all sins. 1003: 729:

meditation. Vishwamitra was also described as building the Brahma temple at Pushkar after Brahma's yagna. Mahabharata mentions that Pushkar is a holy place of the god

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Apart from the sacred Lake, Pushkar is said to have over 500 temples (80 are large and the rest are small); of these many old temples were destroyed or desecrated by

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A coinage known as "Puskar Passport" used by visitors to the lake and the ghats denotes the red thread that is tied on the wrists of pilgrims by the priests (for a

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and the ghats on the periphery of the lakes. The lake is the central divine theme for the popularity of all the monuments seen in the town and the fairs held here.

495:, chasing a white boar to the lakeshore on a hunting expedition. In order to quench his thirst, he dipped his hand into the lake and was astonished to see that the 2254: 960:– an unspecified fee). This indicates that the pilgrim has visited Pushkar Lake and is usually not approached by priests again for further rites and fees. 1618:. ENVIS Centre on Conservation of Ecological Heritage and Sacred Sites of India: Pushkar Lake when full is rich in fish and other aquatic life. Archived from 1975: 1832: 528:

rule, there was a short break in the lake's importance due to the levy of a pilgrim tax and a ban on religious processions. In 1615–16, the Mughal emperor

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attest to the lake's existence to the 2nd Century BC. This suggests that Pushkar was a pilgrimage centre even if it did not lie on the trade route.

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has identified Pushkar as one of the ten most religious places in the world and one of the five sacred pilgrimage places for the Hindus, in India.

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is a popular entertaining sport held during the fair. This event is held between the Rajasthanis and foreigners; locals invariably win the event.

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The creation of Pushkar Lake, as an artificial lake, is also credited to the 12th century when a dam was built across the headwaters of the

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performed penance at Pushkar Lake for a thousand years. In spite of Brahma appearing before him and granting him the higher status of a

532:(1569–1627) built his hunting lodge (seen now in total ruins) on the shores of the Pushkar Lake to celebrate his victory over the local 682:

in some versions) could not be present at the designated time to perform the essential part of the yagna. Brahma, therefore, married a

559:(1618–1707) destroyed and desecrated several temples, which were later rebuilt. However, during the rule of Jahangir's father, Emperor 428:(circumambulation) that is performed by pilgrims around the lake covering all the 52 ghats (covers an area of 2 hectares (4.9 acres)). 2547: 413:

season to season from 8–10 metres (26–33 ft). The total storage capacity of the lake is 0.79 million cubic metres (1.03 million

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temple exists), which cover a distance of 16 kilometres (9.9 mi), during the Kartik Poornima day would be highly auspicious.

2417: 2600: 2482:"Assessment of Physico-Chemical Characteristics and Suggested Restoration Measures for Pushkar Lake, Ajmer Rajasthan (India)". 2443:"Assessment of Physico-Chemical Characteristics and Suggested Restoration Measures for Pushkar Lake, Ajmer Rajasthan (India)". 43: 1359: 1064:

Alarming rate of fall in groundwater level has occurred in the vicinity of the lake due to high extraction for various uses.

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From April to September, strong winds blowing in the southwest to northeast direction add to the formation of sand dunes.

1146: 316:(a series of steps leading to the lake), where pilgrims throng in large numbers to take a sacred bath, especially around 2142: 1876: 1866: 2265: 1713: 1562: 2593: 2560: 2065: 611:-Anaji Scindia to the Koteshwar Mahadev temple and Govind Rao, the Maratha governor of Ajmer for Shiva Ghat; to the 2968: 2283:"Prof. Rasa Singh Rawat's questions in Parliament about what the Government is doing to reverse ecological damage" 2511: 2362: 2119: 1979: 1900: 1840: 953:'s ashes were immersed at this ghat. Nart Singh Ghat, close to Varaha Ghat, has a stuffed crocodile on display. 301:" – the perceptor of pilgrimage sites related to a water-body and relate it to the mythology of the creator-god 2978: 2152: 1910: 1777: 1723: 1652: 1572: 1466: 1406: 1369: 856:(the boar incarnation of god Vishnu), Savitri temple and Gayatri temple, dedicated to the consorts of Brahma. 2220: 1261: 705: 2395: 1767: 1642: 1619: 1456: 1512: 1310: 1104: 1061:

Large inflow of sewage from the ghats and the surrounding habitation has caused serious water pollution.

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The devotees are taking a holy dip at Pushkar lake on the occasion of Kartik Purnima on 24 November 2007

645: 396: 2744: 2081: 2002:"Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)" 1083: 2503: 2464: 2181: 2005: 1932: 1752: 1681: 1601: 1542: 1495: 2684: 2674: 2436: 949:). Brahma Ghat is so named since Brahma bathed here. The Gau Ghat was renamed as Gandhi Ghat after 839: 808: 797: 306: 1953: 2935: 2286: 1054:

Shifting sand dunes from hills and surrounding areas causing a rise of the bed level of the lake.

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Pushkar Lake and its precincts offer a plethora of monuments of national importance, such as the

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emerged at Pushkar as five streams. The three lakes were assigned their presiding deities as the

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Pushkar Lake and its precincts become very heavily populated during the annual Pushkar Fair or

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is held. A dip in the sacred lake is believed to cleanse sins and cure skin diseases. Over 500

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The lake does not meet the National Water Quality Standards due to its high concentration of

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stands in Pushkar. The Pushkar Lake finds mention on coins as early as the 4th century BC.

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The critical issues related to the conservation of the lake have been identified as:

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Left: Bathing Ghats on Pushkar Lake. Right: A view of the ghats at the Pushkar Lake

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scriptures which mention the Pushkar Lake and the town of Pushkar surrounding it.

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Pippa de Bruyn; Keith Bain; Niloufer Venkatraman; Shonar Joshi (4 March 2008).

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According to Hindu theology, there are five sacred lakes collectively called

697: 612: 525: 466: 128: 115: 2904: 2884: 2850: 2835: 2820: 2805: 2729: 2689: 2654: 2639: 2585: 1175: 969: 655: 563:(1542–1605), there was a revival of not only the lake but also the Ajmer's 536: 325: 321: 2580: 2570: 2557: 2518:. National Informatics Centre. July 2006. pp. 195–356. Archived from 145: 2790: 2759: 2754: 2739: 2694: 2649: 2644: 2616: 2366: 1517:. Vol. 1. Scottish Mission Industries Co., Ltd. 1904. pp. 18–19 792: 709: 635: 484: 458: 453:

An artist's view of Pushkar Lake in late 18th century during British rule

2930: 2889: 2810: 2719: 2714: 2634: 2447:. Ministry of Environment and Forests Government of India. p. 308. 1108: 1086:(BOD). Considering the adverse impact on the lake water quality due to 1032: 929: 905: 749: 628: 504: 496: 161: 155: 822: 539:(king). He came to this lodge 16 times for hunting during his stay in 169: 2899: 2860: 2724: 2620: 2519: 1188: 1112: 979: 849: 765: 692: 679: 591: 556: 424: 401: 353: 282: 99: 1952:. Devasthan Department, Govt of Rajasthan. 2001–2002. Archived from 400:

Foot bridge of arches to cross the inlet channel to the lake during

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Pushkar Lake around which the Pushkar town has developed is in the

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coins date the lake back to this time. The inscriptions found at

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Proceedings of International Conference TAAL 2007 held at Jaipur

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Proceedings of International Conference TAAL 2007 held at Jaipur

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of the god Vishnu, as it resembled a pig and symbolically hurt

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Left: Puskar Mela, 2006. Right: Women enjoying the tug of war

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state of western India. Pushkar Lake is a sacred lake of the

274: 1978:. Rajasthan tourism, Government of Rajasthan. Archived from 1968: 2285:. National Informatics Centre. 30 July 1992. Archived from 1357: 568: 508: 418: 298: 2486:. Ministry of Environment and Forests Government of India. 515:(1666–1708), is said to have recited the Sikh sacred text 480:

made reference to the number of visitors to Pushkar Lake.

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would equal the benefits that would accrue by performing

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Pushkar Lake's history dates back to the 4th century BC.

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the lake, reported now as only 4.6 metres (15 ft).

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and afforestation as well as mass awareness programme.

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sensitivity. Thereafter, Jahangir's grandson emperor

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Early morning view of the ghats at the Pushkar Lake.

2558:Govt's facelift plan leaves Pushkar without a lake 2096: 2032: 1864: 1769:Rajasthan & Gujarat Handbook: The Travel Guide 1688: 689:Ramayana and Mahabharata refer to Pushkar Lake as 2345: 2343: 2341: 2339: 2337: 1431: 1429: 1427: 1425: 1038: 236:790,000 cubic metres (28,000,000 cu ft) 2960: 2308:Praveen Mathur & Nimit R. Chowdhary (1999). 2140: 1759: 1647:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 119–120. 1358:Roy, Sumita; Annie Pothen; K. S. Sunita (2003). 1243: 1241: 1239: 1237: 1235: 1233: 1231: 106: 2512:"Rajasthan Tourism Guide for Ajmer and Pushkar" 2334: 2235: 2206: 2188: 1839:. International Business Times. Archived from 1644:Architecture of Mughal India, Part 1, Volume 4 1422: 2601: 2310:"Environmental Degradation at Pushkar Valley" 1806:. National Informatics Centre. Archived from 1461:. Footprint Travel Guides. pp. 354–355. 1287: 1275: 1228: 344:Pushkar city and lake, viewed from hill above 2615: 2386: 2384: 2004:. Census Commission of India. Archived from 1944: 1942: 1507: 1505: 1364:. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. p. 59. 740:Morning view of one of the ghats on the lake 700:". The famous Sanskrit poet and play-writer 417:). As the lake periphery is encircled by 52 2350:City Development Plan for Ajmer and Pushkar 2242:City Development Plan for Ajmer and Pushkar 2195:City Development Plan for Ajmer and Pushkar 2103:City Development Plan for Ajmer and Pushkar 2049: 2047: 2039:City Development Plan for Ajmer and Pushkar 2027:City Development Plan for Ajmer and Pushkar 1695:City Development Plan for Ajmer and Pushkar 1450: 1448: 1446: 1444: 1436:City Development Plan for Ajmer and Pushkar 1294:City Development Plan for Ajmer and Pushkar 1282:City Development Plan for Ajmer and Pushkar 1248:City Development Plan for Ajmer and Pushkar 1127:Pushkar Lake being dredged to fight silting 476:In the fifth century AD, Chinese traveller 2608: 2594: 2074: 1833:"Ten of the World's Most Religious Cities" 1798: 1796: 2381: 1939: 1899:Vālmīki, Venkatesananda (Swami.) (1988). 1707: 1705: 1703: 1556: 1554: 1552: 1502: 622: 312:Pushkar Lake is surrounded by 52 bathing 2255:"Rajasthan Infrastructure Agenda "2025"" 2044: 1860: 1858: 1827: 1825: 1772:. Footprint Travel Guides. p. 161. 1766:Bradnock, Robert; Roma Bradnock (2001). 1641:Asher, Catherine Ella Blanshard (1992). 1454: 1441: 1269:Annex 2 Classification of Lakes in India 1122: 1002: 791: 735: 644: 448: 395: 339: 328:are situated around the lake precincts. 2581:http://tourism.rajasthan.gov.in/pushkar 2410: 1950:"Temple Profile: Mandir Shri Brahma Ji" 1898: 1892: 1793: 1390: 1388: 1077: 787: 704:also referred to this lake in his poem 575:, of whom Akbar was a devout follower. 2961: 1865:Brown, Lindsay; Amelia Thomas (2008). 1711: 1700: 1560: 1549: 360:of hills. The mountain range known as 2589: 2247: 1855: 1822: 1640: 1634: 1514:Rajputana district gazetteers, Part 1 1394: 1208: 1206: 1204: 2418:"National Water Quality at a Glance" 2141:Choy, Monique; Sarina Singh (2002). 2134: 1385: 1118: 1023:– the full Moon day in the month of 50: 2118:. Rajasthan tourism. Archived from 776:tree, and Kanistha Pushkar where a 441:and shifted to a nearby reservoir. 13: 2207:Isha Manchanda (23 January 2010). 1351: 1201: 748:('Sarovar' means "lake"). Namely, 431: 14: 2995: 2538: 1804:"Pushkar- Pilgrimage in Paradise" 653:According to the Hindu scripture 599:for the Raj Ghat and Man temple; 483:A story tells of a ninth-century 2569: 2060:. Frommer's. pp. 437, 440. 1361:Aldous Huxley and Indian thought 1168: 1145: 1136:and revenue generating schemes. 987: 978: 877: 868: 210:22 km (8.5 sq mi) 185:22 km (8.5 sq mi) 49: 42: 29: 2984:Hindu pilgrimage sites in India 2355: 2301: 2275: 2200: 1994: 1902:The concise Rāmāyaṇa of Vālmīki 1608: 963: 941:and several departments of the 814: 627:There are various legends from 2147:. Lonely Planet. p. 199. 2082:"Travel and Geography:Pushkar" 1905:. SUNY Press. pp. 37–38. 1871:. Lonely Planet. p. 210. 1325: 1299: 1271:. World Lakes Org. p. 20. 1262:"Management of Lakes in India" 1253: 1039:Status and conservation issues 1: 2475: 1564:Let's Know Festivals of India 1561:Bhalla, Kartar Singh (2005). 1401:. Rough Guides. p. 192. 708:. The Ramayana mentions that 2577:travel guide from Wikivoyage 2392:"India Pushkar Lake picture" 1718:. Smriti Books. p. 23. 1712:Bansal, Sunita Pant (2005). 782:International Business Times 391: 335: 320:(October–November) when the 7: 1307:"Ecology Of Pushkar Valley" 1161: 10: 3000: 1260:M.S.Reddy and N.V.V.Char. 1107:, total dissolved solids, 967: 837: 833: 521:on the banks of the lake. 444: 375: 269:is located in the town of 244:530 m (1,740 ft) 2923: 2877: 2773: 2627: 2084:. Encyclopædia Britannica 1868:Rajasthan, Delhi and Agra 1084:Biochemical Oxygen Demand 716:instead of a royal-sage ( 461:, in the form of punched 252: 248: 240: 230: 222: 214: 204: 200: 189: 179: 167: 153: 144: 105: 91: 68: 37: 28: 23: 1715:Hindu Gods and Goddesses 1194: 1156:Panorama of Pushkar Lake 859: 840:Brahma temple at Pushkar 809:Brahma temple at Pushkar 798:Brahma temple at Pushkar 607:for Kot Tirth Ghat, the 2969:Reservoirs in Rajasthan 2550:12 January 2016 at the 2363:"Pushkar without a dip" 1455:Bradnock, Roma (2004). 939:Government of Rajasthan 603:for the Varaha temple; 380:The region experiences 2563:4 October 2013 at the 1184:List of lakes in India 1128: 1008: 937:funds provided by the 800: 741: 650: 623:Religious significance 454: 409: 345: 226:10 m (33 ft) 2979:Sacred lakes of India 1567:. Star Publications. 1395:Abram, David (2003). 1126: 1006: 968:Further information: 838:Further information: 795: 739: 648: 578:The Rajput rulers of 452: 399: 343: 307:most prominent temple 218:8 m (26 ft) 129:26.48722°N 74.55417°E 2525:on 21 September 2019 1398:Rough guide to India 1078:Water quality issues 848:depredations during 788:Cultural attractions 597:Man Singh I of Amber 408:and temples on ghats 2941:Indira Gandhi Canal 2289:on 21 February 2009 2219:(3). Archived from 1956:on 13 February 2011 1339:on 13 December 2009 1017:Prabodhini Ekadashi 943:Government of India 706:Abhijñānaśākuntalam 696:, or the "original 356:, India amidst the 125: / 2846:Swaroop Sagar Lake 2398:on 3 November 2012 2223:on 24 January 2010 2122:on 6 February 2010 1982:on 17 January 2010 1810:on 4 February 2010 1622:on 12 January 2016 1129: 1009: 801: 772:temple and an old 742: 651: 617:Maharaja of Jaipur 605:Daulat Rao Scindia 489:Nahar Rao Pratihar 455: 410: 346: 134:26.48722; 74.55417 2954: 2953: 2910:Rana Pratap Sagar 2841:Sambhar Salt Lake 2424:on 6 January 2010 2369:. 1 November 2009 1313:on 2 January 2010 1119:Restoration works 752:, Bindu Sarovar, 698:sacred water-body 573:Moinuddin Chishti 547:– the boar 518:Guru Granth Sahib 513:Guru Govind Singh 293:describe it as " 260: 259: 241:Surface elevation 2991: 2869:Doodh Talai Lake 2796:Fateh Sagar Lake 2610: 2603: 2596: 2587: 2586: 2573: 2534: 2532: 2530: 2524: 2507: 2501: 2497: 2495: 2487: 2469: 2468: 2462: 2458: 2456: 2448: 2440: 2434: 2433: 2431: 2429: 2414: 2408: 2407: 2405: 2403: 2394:. Archived from 2388: 2379: 2378: 2376: 2374: 2359: 2353: 2347: 2332: 2331: 2329: 2327: 2321: 2315:. Archived from 2314: 2305: 2299: 2298: 2296: 2294: 2279: 2273: 2272: 2271:on 21 July 2011. 2270: 2259: 2251: 2245: 2239: 2233: 2232: 2230: 2228: 2213:Tehelka Magazine 2204: 2198: 2192: 2186: 2185: 2179: 2175: 2173: 2165: 2163: 2161: 2138: 2132: 2131: 2129: 2127: 2112: 2106: 2100: 2094: 2093: 2091: 2089: 2078: 2072: 2071: 2051: 2042: 2036: 2030: 2024: 2018: 2017: 2015: 2013: 1998: 1992: 1991: 1989: 1987: 1972: 1966: 1965: 1963: 1961: 1946: 1937: 1936: 1930: 1926: 1924: 1916: 1896: 1890: 1889: 1887: 1885: 1862: 1853: 1852: 1850: 1848: 1843:on 30 March 2009 1829: 1820: 1819: 1817: 1815: 1800: 1791: 1790: 1788: 1786: 1763: 1757: 1756: 1750: 1746: 1744: 1736: 1734: 1732: 1709: 1698: 1692: 1686: 1685: 1679: 1675: 1673: 1665: 1663: 1661: 1638: 1632: 1631: 1629: 1627: 1612: 1606: 1605: 1599: 1595: 1593: 1585: 1583: 1581: 1558: 1547: 1546: 1540: 1536: 1534: 1526: 1524: 1522: 1509: 1500: 1499: 1493: 1489: 1487: 1479: 1477: 1475: 1452: 1439: 1433: 1420: 1419: 1417: 1415: 1392: 1383: 1382: 1380: 1378: 1355: 1349: 1348: 1346: 1344: 1335:. Archived from 1333:"lakes in India" 1329: 1323: 1322: 1320: 1318: 1309:. Archived from 1303: 1297: 1291: 1285: 1279: 1273: 1272: 1266: 1257: 1251: 1245: 1226: 1225: 1223: 1221: 1210: 1178: 1173: 1172: 1171: 1149: 1071:Hindu holy month 991: 982: 881: 872: 601:Maha Rana Pratap 352:in the state of 291:Hindu scriptures 171: 170:Primary outflows 157: 140: 139: 137: 136: 135: 130: 126: 123: 122: 121: 118: 108: 80: 75: 53: 52: 46: 33: 21: 20: 2999: 2998: 2994: 2993: 2992: 2990: 2989: 2988: 2959: 2958: 2955: 2950: 2919: 2873: 2865:Nandeshwar Lake 2769: 2623: 2614: 2565:Wayback Machine 2554:Five holy Ponds 2552:Wayback Machine 2541: 2528: 2526: 2522: 2510: 2499: 2498: 2489: 2488: 2481: 2478: 2473: 2472: 2460: 2459: 2450: 2449: 2442: 2441: 2437: 2427: 2425: 2416: 2415: 2411: 2401: 2399: 2390: 2389: 2382: 2372: 2370: 2361: 2360: 2356: 2348: 2335: 2325: 2323: 2322:on 18 July 2011 2319: 2312: 2306: 2302: 2292: 2290: 2281: 2280: 2276: 2268: 2257: 2253: 2252: 2248: 2240: 2236: 2226: 2224: 2209:"Camel Kingdom" 2205: 2201: 2193: 2189: 2177: 2176: 2167: 2166: 2159: 2157: 2155: 2139: 2135: 2125: 2123: 2114: 2113: 2109: 2101: 2097: 2087: 2085: 2080: 2079: 2075: 2068: 2057:Frommer's India 2052: 2045: 2037: 2033: 2025: 2021: 2011: 2009: 2008:on 16 June 2004 2000: 1999: 1995: 1985: 1983: 1974: 1973: 1969: 1959: 1957: 1948: 1947: 1940: 1928: 1927: 1918: 1917: 1913: 1897: 1893: 1883: 1881: 1879: 1863: 1856: 1846: 1844: 1831: 1830: 1823: 1813: 1811: 1802: 1801: 1794: 1784: 1782: 1780: 1764: 1760: 1748: 1747: 1738: 1737: 1730: 1728: 1726: 1710: 1701: 1693: 1689: 1677: 1676: 1667: 1666: 1659: 1657: 1655: 1639: 1635: 1625: 1623: 1614: 1613: 1609: 1597: 1596: 1587: 1586: 1579: 1577: 1575: 1559: 1550: 1538: 1537: 1528: 1527: 1520: 1518: 1511: 1510: 1503: 1491: 1490: 1481: 1480: 1473: 1471: 1469: 1458:Footprint India 1453: 1442: 1434: 1423: 1413: 1411: 1409: 1393: 1386: 1376: 1374: 1372: 1356: 1352: 1342: 1340: 1331: 1330: 1326: 1316: 1314: 1305: 1304: 1300: 1292: 1288: 1280: 1276: 1264: 1258: 1254: 1246: 1229: 1219: 1217: 1212: 1211: 1202: 1197: 1174: 1169: 1167: 1164: 1159: 1158: 1157: 1155: 1150: 1121: 1080: 1041: 1021:Kartik Poornima 1001: 1000: 999: 998: 994: 993: 992: 984: 983: 972: 966: 891: 890: 889: 888: 884: 883: 882: 874: 873: 862: 842: 836: 826:(sight) of god 817: 790: 758:Kartik Poornima 754:Narayan Sarovar 661:Sarasvati River 625: 447: 434: 432:Flora and fauna 394: 378: 338: 318:Kartik Poornima 267:Pushkar Sarovar 193: countries 156:Primary inflows 133: 131: 127: 124: 119: 116: 114: 112: 111: 87: 86: 85: 84:Interactive Map 82: 81: 78: 76: 74:Show zoomed mid 73: 64: 63: 62: 61: 60: 59: 58: 54: 17: 12: 11: 5: 2997: 2987: 2986: 2981: 2976: 2971: 2952: 2951: 2949: 2948: 2943: 2938: 2933: 2927: 2925: 2921: 2920: 2918: 2917: 2912: 2907: 2902: 2897: 2892: 2887: 2881: 2879: 2875: 2874: 2872: 2871: 2866: 2863: 2858: 2856:Udaisagar Lake 2853: 2848: 2843: 2838: 2833: 2831:Rajsamand Lake 2828: 2823: 2818: 2816:Pachpadra Lake 2813: 2808: 2803: 2801:Lake Foy Sagar 2798: 2793: 2788: 2786:Balsamand Lake 2783: 2781:Ana Sagar Lake 2777: 2775: 2771: 2770: 2768: 2767: 2762: 2757: 2752: 2747: 2742: 2737: 2732: 2727: 2722: 2717: 2712: 2707: 2702: 2697: 2692: 2687: 2682: 2677: 2672: 2667: 2662: 2657: 2652: 2647: 2642: 2637: 2631: 2629: 2625: 2624: 2613: 2612: 2605: 2598: 2590: 2584: 2583: 2578: 2567: 2555: 2545:Pancha Sarovar 2540: 2539:External links 2537: 2536: 2535: 2508: 2477: 2474: 2471: 2470: 2435: 2409: 2380: 2354: 2333: 2300: 2274: 2246: 2234: 2199: 2187: 2153: 2133: 2116:"Pushkar Lake" 2107: 2095: 2073: 2066: 2043: 2031: 2019: 1993: 1976:"Pushkar Lake" 1967: 1938: 1911: 1891: 1878:978-1741046908 1877: 1854: 1821: 1792: 1778: 1758: 1724: 1699: 1687: 1653: 1633: 1616:"Pushkar Lake" 1607: 1573: 1548: 1501: 1467: 1440: 1421: 1407: 1384: 1370: 1350: 1324: 1298: 1286: 1274: 1252: 1227: 1214:"Pushkar Lake" 1199: 1198: 1196: 1193: 1192: 1191: 1186: 1180: 1179: 1163: 1160: 1152: 1151: 1144: 1143: 1142: 1120: 1117: 1088:Eutrophication 1079: 1076: 1066: 1065: 1062: 1059: 1055: 1052: 1040: 1037: 996: 995: 986: 985: 977: 976: 975: 974: 973: 965: 962: 951:Mahatma Gandhi 886: 885: 876: 875: 867: 866: 865: 864: 863: 861: 858: 835: 832: 816: 813: 789: 786: 624: 621: 446: 443: 433: 430: 393: 390: 377: 374: 372:agricultural. 358:Aravalli range 350:Ajmer district 337: 334: 279:Ajmer district 258: 257: 254: 250: 249: 246: 245: 242: 238: 237: 234: 228: 227: 224: 220: 219: 216: 212: 211: 208: 202: 201: 198: 197: 194: 187: 186: 183: 181:Catchment area 177: 176: 173: 165: 164: 159: 151: 150: 148: 142: 141: 109: 103: 102: 93: 89: 88: 83: 79:Show zoomed in 77: 72: 71: 70: 69: 66: 65: 56: 55: 48: 47: 41: 40: 39: 38: 35: 34: 26: 25: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2996: 2985: 2982: 2980: 2977: 2975: 2972: 2970: 2967: 2966: 2964: 2957: 2947: 2946:Narmada Canal 2944: 2942: 2939: 2937: 2934: 2932: 2929: 2928: 2926: 2922: 2916: 2913: 2911: 2908: 2906: 2903: 2901: 2898: 2896: 2895:Jawahar Sagar 2893: 2891: 2888: 2886: 2883: 2882: 2880: 2876: 2870: 2867: 2864: 2862: 2859: 2857: 2854: 2852: 2849: 2847: 2844: 2842: 2839: 2837: 2834: 2832: 2829: 2827: 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251: 247: 243: 239: 235: 233: 229: 225: 221: 217: 215:Average depth 213: 209: 207: 203: 199: 195: 192: 188: 184: 182: 178: 174: 172: 166: 163: 160: 158: 152: 149: 147: 143: 138: 110: 104: 101: 97: 94: 90: 67: 45: 36: 32: 27: 22: 19: 16:Lake in India 2956: 2905:Kota Barrage 2851:Talwara Lake 2836:Ramgarh Lake 2826:Pushkar Lake 2825: 2821:Lake Pichola 2806:Kaylana Lake 2575:Pushkar Lake 2527:. 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Eco India 820:here for a 710:Vishwamitra 636:Mahabharata 629:Hindu epics 524:During the 507:. The 10th 459:Numismatics 253:Settlements 132: / 107:Coordinates 2963:Categories 2936:Gang Canal 2931:Agra Canal 2811:Nakki Lake 2765:West Banas 2700:Kali Sindh 2529:24 January 2476:References 2428:24 January 2402:26 January 2373:26 January 2326:24 January 2293:24 January 2227:2 February 2160:25 January 2154:1740593634 2126:24 January 2088:24 January 1986:24 January 1960:31 January 1912:0887068626 1884:24 January 1847:24 January 1814:25 January 1785:26 January 1779:190094992X 1731:25 January 1725:8187967722 1660:26 January 1654:0521267285 1626:26 January 1580:25 January 1574:8176501654 1521:24 January 1474:26 January 1468:1904777007 1414:26 January 1408:1843530899 1377:26 January 1371:8120724658 1343:26 January 1317:27 January 1220:23 January 1109:alkalinity 1033:tug of war 906:Saptarishi 900:Ghat, the 807:city, the 750:Mansarovar 505:Luni River 497:Leukoderma 362:Nag Parbat 275:Ajmer city 223:Max. depth 175:Luni River 162:Luni River 120:74°33′15″E 117:26°29′14″N 2861:Lake Badi 2750:Sabarmati 2621:Rajasthan 2502:ignored ( 2492:cite book 2463:ignored ( 2453:cite book 2180:ignored ( 2170:cite book 2144:Rajasthan 1931:ignored ( 1921:cite book 1751:ignored ( 1741:cite book 1680:ignored ( 1670:cite book 1600:ignored ( 1590:cite book 1541:ignored ( 1531:cite book 1494:ignored ( 1484:cite book 1189:Soda lake 1113:turbidity 932:Ghat and 850:Aurangzeb 766:parikrama 718:rajarishi 680:Sarasvati 592:Jaisalmer 557:Aurangzeb 425:parikrama 402:parikrama 392:Hydrology 382:semi-arid 354:Rajasthan 336:Geography 283:Rajasthan 146:Lake type 100:Rajasthan 2885:Bisalpur 2561:Archived 2548:Archived 1162:See also 1101:salinity 958:dakshina 702:Kalidasa 638:and the 632:Ramayana 609:Marathas 530:Jahangir 305:, whose 92:Location 2974:Pushkar 2745:Parbati 2735:Mithari 2710:Kothari 2705:Kalisil 2675:Gambhir 2660:Chambal 2262:Pushkar 1837:Pushkar 934:Gangaur 910:Gwalior 908:Ghats, 902:Dadhich 834:Temples 823:darshan 805:Pushkar 778:Krishna 770:Hanuman 640:Puranic 588:Bikaner 553:Islamic 493:Mandore 485:Gurjara 478:Fa Xian 445:History 439:British 376:Climate 281:of the 271:Pushkar 256:Pushkar 96:Pushkar 2924:Canals 2890:Jakham 2730:Menali 2690:Guhiya 2685:Gomati 2655:Berach 2640:Arvari 2628:Rivers 2352:p. 232 2244:p. 219 2197:p. 208 2151: 2064: 1909: 1875: 1776: 1722: 1651: 1571: 1465: 1438:p. 195 1405: 1368: 1296:p. 216 1284:p. 201 1250:p. 196 1029:Sadhus 1025:Kartik 947:Varaha 928:Ghat, 926:Jaipur 924:Ghat, 920:ghat, 916:Ghat, 912:Ghat, 904:Ghat, 898:Varaha 854:Varaha 846:Muslim 828:Vishnu 774:Banyan 762:yagnas 731:Vishnu 726:Menaka 722:apsara 693:Tirtha 684:Gujjar 672:Vishnu 668:Brahma 571:saint 565:Dargah 549:Avatar 545:Varaha 534:Rajput 526:Mughal 511:guru, 487:king, 471:Sanchi 467:Kushan 303:Brahma 295:Tirtha 289:. The 287:Hindus 2900:Jawai 2774:Lakes 2760:Sukri 2755:Sukli 2740:Morel 2695:Jawai 2670:Dheel 2650:Bandi 2645:Banas 2523:(pdf) 2320:(PDF) 2313:(PDF) 2269:(PDF) 2258:(PDF) 1265:(PDF) 1195:Notes 930:Karni 894:Ghats 860:Ghats 714:rishi 676:Shiva 584:Bundi 580:Amber 561:Akbar 541:Ajmer 463:Greek 419:ghats 415:cu yd 406:ghats 366:Ajmer 314:ghats 273:near 196:India 191:Basin 2878:Dams 2720:Mahi 2715:Luni 2635:Ahar 2531:2010 2504:help 2465:help 2430:2010 2404:2010 2375:2010 2328:2010 2295:2010 2229:2010 2182:help 2162:2010 2149:ISBN 2128:2010 2090:2010 2062:ISBN 2014:2010 1988:2010 1962:2010 1933:help 1907:ISBN 1886:2010 1873:ISBN 1849:2010 1816:2010 1787:2010 1774:ISBN 1753:help 1733:2010 1720:ISBN 1682:help 1662:2010 1649:ISBN 1628:2010 1602:help 1582:2010 1569:ISBN 1543:help 1523:2010 1496:help 1476:2010 1463:ISBN 1416:2010 1403:ISBN 1379:2010 1366:ISBN 1345:2010 1319:2010 1222:2010 914:Kota 796:The 691:Adi 674:and 634:and 590:and 569:sufi 537:Rana 509:Sikh 465:and 299:Guru 2725:Mej 2665:Dai 2619:of 922:Yag 918:Gau 491:of 404:of 277:in 265:or 2965:: 2514:. 2496:: 2494:}} 2490:{{ 2457:: 2455:}} 2451:{{ 2383:^ 2365:. 2336:^ 2260:. 2215:. 2211:. 2174:: 2172:}} 2168:{{ 2046:^ 1941:^ 1925:: 1923:}} 1919:{{ 1857:^ 1835:. 1824:^ 1795:^ 1745:: 1743:}} 1739:{{ 1702:^ 1674:: 1672:}} 1668:{{ 1594:: 1592:}} 1588:{{ 1551:^ 1535:: 1533:}} 1529:{{ 1504:^ 1488:: 1486:}} 1482:{{ 1443:^ 1424:^ 1387:^ 1267:. 1230:^ 1203:^ 1103:, 1099:, 1097:pH 1090:, 724:, 670:, 619:. 586:, 582:, 98:, 2609:e 2602:t 2595:v 2533:. 2506:) 2467:) 2432:. 2406:. 2377:. 2330:. 2297:. 2231:. 2217:7 2184:) 2164:. 2130:. 2092:. 2070:. 2016:. 1990:. 1964:. 1935:) 1915:. 1888:. 1851:. 1818:. 1789:. 1755:) 1735:. 1684:) 1664:. 1630:. 1604:) 1584:. 1545:) 1525:. 1498:) 1478:. 1418:. 1381:. 1347:. 1321:. 1224:. 297:-

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