36:
2846:
1882:
1628:
2858:
2025:
317:), while the cat appears mostly in Europe as the animal helper, variants across cultures replace the cat with a jackal, a fox or another species of animal, like a dog, a rooster, or an ape. German folklorist Köhler-Zulch noted the geographical distribution of the different animal helpers: a fox in
1631:
514:
The tale has also spread to the
Americas, and is known in Asia (India, Indonesia and Philippines). Greek scholar Marianthi Kaplanoglou states that the tale type ATU 545B, "Puss in Boots" (or, locally, "The Helpful Fox"), is an "example" of "widely known stories (...) in the repertoires of Greek
489:"), in two variations: the fox replaces the cat as the protagonist's helper; the protagonist either hunts the fox himself and releases it (variation "A"), or he hides the fox from a hunter (variation "B"); in return, the red fox helps the protagonist marry a khan's daughter.
178:), in which the cat is a fairy in disguise who helps his owner, a poor boy named Costantino, to gain his princess by duping a king, a lord and many commoners. There is a version written by Girolamo Morlini, from whom Straparola used various tales in
764:
A difference is also made in the animal helper. Instead of a cat, very frequently there appears a fox, and sometimes even other animals. ... As one gets away from central Europe, the greater variations one finds from the literary version of
346:("The (Tom)cat with boots"), the protagonist may be helped either by a cat or a rooster received from his father as his inheritance, or rescues a fox from peril (e.g., starvation or hunters), and the animal promises to help him in return.
106:
414:
2573:
1792:
1046:
Kaplanoglou, Marianthi (December 2010). "Two
Storytellers from the Greek-Orthodox Communities of Ottoman Asia Minor. Analyzing Some Micro-data in Comparative Folklore".
1195:
1475:
Mazzoni, Cristina (2019). "Changing the sex of cats: Considerations on tale type ATU 545, "The cat as helper, or, Puss in Boots" between Italy and France".
1096:
350:
1856:
2938:
284:
point that the
Perrault tale is the possible source of the Cat Helper story in later European folkloric traditions. Similarly, Frisian professor
492:
Tales of the
Caucasian Region also register the fox in the place of the cat. For example, Georgian scholarship registers tale type ATU 545B in
1433:
Kaplanoglou, Marianthi (January 1999). "AT 545B 'Puss in Boots' and 'The Fox-Matchmaker': From the
Central Asian to the European Tradition".
713:
Kaplanoglou, Marianthi (January 1999). "AT 545B 'Puss in Boots' and 'The Fox-Matchmaker': From the
Central Asian to the European Tradition".
815:
777:
409:
1918:
1597:
2724:
1773:
2077:
330:
152:
who uses trickery and deceit to gain power, wealth, and the hand in marriage of a princess for his penniless and low-born master.
1719:
1664:
2928:
2654:
2213:
1415:
1311:
1182:
827:
789:
1942:
1743:
288:
noted that variants from oral tradition were only starting to be recorded from the 19th century onwards, and tales from
2933:
2923:
2672:
2492:
270:
167:
496:, with the name "The Fox and the Peasant", wherein the cat is replaced by the helpful fox. Similarly, in the index of
1388:
1363:
1336:
1293:
1268:
1246:
1215:
1159:
1033:
757:
648:
628:
569:
2582:
529:
The saying "enough to make a cat laugh" dates from the mid-1800s and is associated with the tale of Puss in Boots.
2898:
536:
in London in the late 19th century, in which the front cover of each volume depicts Puss in Boots reading a book.
2861:
2393:
1849:
1462:
Köhler-Zülch, Ines (1994). "Котаракът в чизми или хитрата лисица" [Puss in Boots or the Clever She-fox].
2742:
1911:
20:
2948:
2943:
2893:
2645:
2384:
162:
2039:
997:
The index of
Georgian folktale plot types: systematic directory, according to the system of Aarne - Thompson
2918:
2810:
2195:
2168:
2070:
1766:
1686:
524:
232:
2913:
2903:
2888:
2519:
2240:
1657:
903:
Barag, Lev. "Сравнительный указатель сюжетов. Восточнославянская сказка". Leningrad: НАУКА, 1979. p. 154.
468:("The Miller and the Fox"), which corresponds in the international classification to tale type ATU 545B.
192:. The most popular version of the tale was written in French at the close of the seventeenth century by
2733:
2321:
2258:
2249:
1807:
1799:
1758:
1168:
878:. Budapest, MTA Néprajzi Kutató Csoport, 1988. A magyar tündérmesék katalógusa (AaTh 300-749). p. 312.
35:
2785:
2751:
1904:
1751:
1735:
1727:
1711:
1703:
1556:
Nikolajeva, Maria (2009). "Devils, Demons, Familiars, Friends: Toward a
Semiotics of Literary Cats".
226:
472:
2609:
1285:
361:
1081:
2908:
2849:
2793:
2564:
2483:
2231:
2177:
2063:
1260:
1238:
1207:
1146:
462:, both scholars listed the variants with the fox as the animal helper under Turkish type TTV 34,
398:
199:
2146:
2883:
2681:
2411:
2276:
2119:
1977:
1885:
1650:
533:
314:
1355:
1349:
805:. 1ste druk. Ton Dekker & Jurjen van der Kooi & Theo Meder. Kritak: Sun. 1997. p. 139.
676:. 1ste druk. Ton Dekker & Jurjen van der Kooi & Theo Meder. Kritak: Sun. 1997. p. 139.
2456:
2357:
1955:
1863:
1826:
1544:
686:
Uther, Hans-Jörg (2006). "The Fox in World
Literature: Reflections on a 'Fictional Animal'".
385:
207:
2953:
2828:
2375:
2366:
2007:
1841:
459:
355:
211:
8:
2636:
2137:
803:
Van
Aladdin tot Zwaan kleef aan. Lexicon van sprookjes: ontstaan, ontwikkeling, variaties
674:
Van Aladdin tot Zwaan kleef aan. Lexicon van sprookjes: ontstaan, ontwikkeling, variaties
322:
285:
183:
968:
914:
2760:
2591:
2186:
2013:
2001:
1607:
1592:
1573:
1529:
1500:
1450:
1421:
1232:
1200:
1063:
857:
730:
695:
2707:
941:
310:
2801:
2769:
2348:
1512:
Neuhaus, Mareike (2011). "The Rhetoric of Harry Robinson's 'Cat With the Boots On'".
1504:
1492:
1411:
1384:
1359:
1332:
1307:
1289:
1264:
1242:
1211:
1178:
1155:
1067:
1029:
823:
785:
753:
644:
624:
565:
493:
216:
913:
Kotseva, Yordanka; Mitseva, Evgeniya; Daskalova, Lilyana; Dobreva, Doroteya (1984).
2819:
2528:
2510:
2402:
2339:
2303:
1927:
1565:
1521:
1484:
1442:
1191:
1141:
1101:
1055:
849:
722:
455:
428:
420:
389:
237:
193:
146:
126:
1446:
1113:
972:. Wiesbaden: Steiner, 1953. pp. 49-51 (tale type), 421 (table of correspondences).
944:[The Fairy-Tales in the Archive of the Institute of Folklore. Catalogue].
726:
2663:
2546:
2501:
2420:
2330:
2294:
2285:
2267:
2222:
1983:
1408:
Clever Maids, Fearless Jacks, and a Cat: Fairy Tales from a Living Oral Tradition
334:
118:
110:
1548:
1351:
The Great Fairy Tale Tradition: From Straparola and Basile to the Brothers Grimm
1172:
996:
956:(3–4). Институт за етнология и фолклористика с Етнографски музей при БАН: 93–94.
562:
The Great Fairy Tale Tradition: From Straparola and Basile to the Brothers Grimm
2700:
2438:
2312:
2128:
2086:
2044:
1834:
1621:
1105:
318:
293:
289:
281:
241:
134:
1617:
1488:
1425:
929:(2). Институт за етнология и фолклористика с Етнографски музей при БАН: 92–93.
2877:
2537:
2465:
2102:
1569:
1525:
1496:
497:
277:
262:
892:
337:
remarked that the helpful animal is a monkey "in all Philippine variants".
1537:
1151:
340:
In the Hungarian National Catalogue of Folktales (MNK), in tale type 545B,
326:
1059:
2618:
2096:
1277:
500:
folktale corpus, a fox helps a poor carpenter to marry the daughter of a
274:
1577:
1533:
699:
580:
2777:
2715:
2627:
2555:
2447:
2429:
2204:
1970:
1962:
1454:
1372:
1345:
1320:
1228:
861:
734:
557:
142:
79:
1541:
917:[A Catalogue of Bulgarian Folktales (Preliminary Materials)].
273:
ATU 545B, "Puss in Boots", a subtype of ATU 545, "The Cat as Helper".
2600:
2055:
1995:
1380:
1328:
1224:
985:. Budapest: Akadémiai kiadó; Wiesbaden: O. Harrassowitz, 1979. p. 40.
915:"Каталог на българските фолклорни приказки (Предварителни материали)"
840:
Eugenio, Damiana L. (1985). "Philippine Folktales: An Introduction".
245:
853:
2474:
1896:
1637:
476:
436:
19:
This article is about the European fairy tale. For other uses, see
360:, a cycle of tales that developed in Northern Europe involves the
240:. The character is signified in the logo of Japanese anime studio
486:
373:
369:
365:
1642:
1202:
The Oxford History of Literary Translation in English: 1660–1790
822:. Westport, Connecticut; London: Greenwood Press, 2008. p. 794.
784:. Westport, Connecticut; London: Greenwood Press, 2008. p. 794.
1514:
Mosaic: A Journal for the Interdisciplinary Study of Literature
1082:
https://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/enough+to+make+a+cat+laugh
942:"Вълшебните приказки в Архива на Института за фолклор. Каталог"
912:
2024:
221:
2574:
The Story of the Youth Who Went Forth to Learn What Fear Was
663:. New York, London: G. P. Putnam's sons. 1916. pp. 239-240.
1134:
The Authentic Mother Goose: Fairy Tales and Nursery Rhymes
479:
tale corpus. In his system, the story appears as type 32,
532:
The Bibliothèque de Carabas book series was published by
149:
820:
The Greenwood Encyclopedia Of Folktales And Fairy Tales
782:
The Greenwood Encyclopedia Of Folktales And Fairy Tales
196:(1628–1703), a retired civil servant and member of the
1793:
Nagagutsu o Haita Neko: Sekai Isshū 80 Nichi Dai Bōken
889:
Die Schwedischen Volksmärchen: Herkunft und Geschichte
296:
follow Perrault's and Grimm's redaction very closely.
589:
501:
403:
384:
According to the description of the tale type in the
623:. University of California Press. 1977. pp. 58-59.
581:Cristina Bacchilega; Danielle Marie Roemer (2001).
161:(Italian for "Lucky Costantino") by Italian author
1199:
891:. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2022 . pp. 151-152.
752:. University of California Press. pp. 58–59.
1410:. University Press of Colorado. pp. 93–103.
1012:Поэтика и стиль волшебных сказок адыгских народов
419:in 1979, the hero may be helped either by a cat (
220:franchise, appearing in all three sequels to the
2875:
1190:
1406:Blair, Graham (2019). "Jack Ships to the Cat".
1028:. University of California Press. 1977. p. 59.
643:. University of California Press. 1977. p. 58.
440:
341:
801:van der Kooi, Jurjen. "De gelaarsde kat". In:
672:van der Kooi, Jurjen. "De gelaarsde kat". In:
2071:
1912:
1658:
187:
156:
1461:
1100:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
480:
463:
449:
197:
1618:Folktales of ATU type 545B, "Puss in Boots"
1432:
1045:
712:
585:. Wayne State University Press. p. 24.
309:According to scholars (e.g., van der Kooi,
182:; another version was published in 1634 by
2078:
2064:
1919:
1905:
1665:
1651:
1555:
1140:
966:Eberhard, Wolfram; Boratav, Pertev Nailî.
554:The Mysterious Giovan Francesco Straparola
2725:The Wonderful World of the Brothers Grimm
1131:
893:https://doi.org/10.1515/9783112618004-004
364:instead of a cat. This cycle is found in
1301:
1223:
747:
601:
595:
1511:
1474:
1304:"Der gestiefelte Kater" als Unternehmer
1097:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
939:
839:
333:and in Africa. For instance, professor
329:; and an ape, a jackal or a gazelle in
2939:Fictional marquesses and marchionesses
2876:
2085:
1593:Origin of the Story of 'Puss in Boots'
1254:
1087:
1009:
475:established the classification of the
439:Folktale Catalogue names type 545B as
2214:The Devil with the Three Golden Hairs
2059:
1900:
1646:
1405:
1371:
1344:
1325:Fairy Tales and the Art of Subversion
1319:
1276:
1167:
685:
607:
2857:
1926:
1720:The Wonderful World of Puss 'n Boots
304:
454:("Turkish Folktale Catalogue"), by
155:The oldest written telling version
13:
2673:The Wolf and the Seven Young Goats
1943:Histoires ou contes du temps passé
1398:
168:The Facetious Nights of Straparola
14:
2965:
1744:The True History of Puss 'N Boots
1672:
1633:Master Cat, or Puss in Boots, The
1586:
1282:The Annotated Classic Fairy Tales
482:Der Dank des schlauen roten Fuchs
379:
224:, as well as two spin-off films,
2856:
2845:
2844:
2583:The Three Little Men in the Wood
2023:
1881:
1880:
1626:
1014:(in Russian). Nauka. p. 29.
583:Angela Carter and the Fairy Tale
34:
2394:The King of the Golden Mountain
1850:The Adventures of Puss in Boots
1177:, New York: Pegasus Books LLC,
1124:
1084:">enough to make a cat laugh
1074:
1039:
1018:
1003:
1000:. Tbilisi: Merani, 2000. p. 54.
994:Kʻurdovaniże, Tʻeimuraz et al.
988:
975:
960:
933:
906:
897:
881:
868:
833:
808:
795:
770:
741:
706:
509:
123:Le Maître chat ou le Chat botté
16:European fairy tale about a cat
679:
666:
653:
633:
613:
574:
546:
518:
325:, as well in the Caucasus and
236:(2022), where he is voiced by
21:Puss in Boots (disambiguation)
1:
2646:The Twelve Dancing Princesses
1610:– Beautifully illustrated in
1447:10.1080/0015587X.1999.9715981
969:Typen türkischer Volksmärchen
727:10.1080/0015587X.1999.9715981
661:European Folk and Fairy Tales
539:
451:Typen türkischer Volksmärchen
349:According to Swedish scholar
172:
163:Giovanni Francesco Straparola
2929:European folklore characters
2196:Cat and Mouse in Partnership
1767:Puss in Boots: The Last Wish
1306:, Weisbaden: Gabler Verlag,
1114:UK public library membership
525:Adaptations of Puss in Boots
445:("The Miller and the Fox").
256:
233:Puss in Boots: The Last Wish
7:
2743:Grimm's Fairy Tale Classics
2520:The Singing, Springing Lark
2241:The Elves and the Shoemaker
1636:public domain audiobook at
1600:– English translation from
1132:Barchilon, Jacques (1960),
515:refugees from Asia Minor".
502:
408:), last updated by scholar
404:
251:
10:
2970:
2734:Once Upon a Brothers Grimm
2322:The Goose-Girl at the Well
2259:The Four Skillful Brothers
2250:The Fisherman and His Wife
1808:Fruit Ninja: Puss in Boots
1136:, Denver, CO: Alan Swallow
940:Kotseva, Yordanka (2002).
522:
18:
2934:Characters in fairy tales
2924:Works by Charles Perrault
2839:
2692:
2157:
2110:
2093:
2032:
2021:
1934:
1876:
1818:
1784:
1695:
1682:
1489:10.33137/q.i..v40i2.34876
1286:W.W. Norton & Company
876:Magyar népmesekatalógus 2
441:
432:
424:
393:
299:
90:
85:
74:
63:
48:
33:
28:
2610:Town Musicians of Bremen
1570:10.1353/mat.2009.a369116
1526:10.1353/mos.2011.a440541
1477:Quaderni d'Italianistica
1094:"Nutt, Alfred Trübner".
983:Mongolische Märchentypen
748:Thompson, Stith (1977).
465:Der Müller und der Fuchs
244:, and is also a popular
131:Il gatto con gli stivali
40:Illustration 1843, from
2794:German Fairy Tale Route
2565:Snow-White and Rose-Red
2232:The Dog and the Sparrow
2178:The Brave Little Tailor
2040:Marie-Jeanne L'Héritier
1612:The Colorful Story Book
1302:Wunderer, Rolf (2008),
1284:, New York and London:
1261:Oxford University Press
1259:, Oxford and New York:
1255:Paulin, Roger (2002) ,
1239:Oxford University Press
1237:, Oxford and New York:
1234:The Classic Fairy Tales
1208:Oxford University Press
1206:, Oxford and New York:
1147:The Uses of Enchantment
874:Dömötör Ákos (szerk.).
2786:American McGee's Grimm
2682:The Wonderful Musician
2412:Little Red Riding Hood
1978:Little Red Riding Hood
1106:10.1093/ref:odnb/35269
1010:Алиева, А. И. (1986).
952:] (in Bulgarian).
842:Asian Folklore Studies
688:Asian Folklore Studies
481:
471:Hungarian orientalist
464:
450:
442:Воденичарят и лисицата
342:
198:
188:
157:
138:
130:
122:
114:
2493:The Robber Bridegroom
2457:Pied Piper of Hamelin
2358:The Hut in the Forest
1956:The Ridiculous Wishes
1060:10.1515/fabl.2010.024
814:Köhler-Zülch, Ines. "
776:Köhler-Zülch, Ines. "
313:, Stith Thompson and
115:Der gestiefelte Kater
94:Fairy tale collection
2949:Anthropomorphic cats
2944:Fictional tricksters
2894:European fairy tales
2829:The Grimm Variations
2376:Jorinde and Joringel
2367:The Jew Among Thorns
2147:Deutsches Wörterbuch
2008:Riquet with the Tuft
1842:Reserved for the Cat
887:Liungman, Waldemar.
596:Opie & Opie 1974
485:("The grateful, sly
460:Pertev Naili Boratav
388:Folktale Catalogue (
362:spirit of a dead man
271:Aarne–Thompson–Uther
180:The Facetious Nights
158:Costantino Fortunato
2919:Italian fairy tales
2899:Grimms' Fairy Tales
2637:The Twelve Brothers
2138:Deutsche Mythologie
2120:Grimms' Fairy Tales
1602:The Blue Fairy Book
1558:Marvels & Tales
323:Southeastern Europe
286:Jurjen van der Kooi
184:Giambattista Basile
2914:French fairy tales
2904:Cats in literature
2889:1697 short stories
2752:The Brothers Grimm
2592:The Three Spinners
2187:Brother and Sister
2087:The Brothers Grimm
2002:Diamonds and Toads
1377:Happily Ever After
950:Bulgarian Folklore
923:Bulgarian Folklore
435:). Similarly, the
200:Académie française
2871:
2870:
2770:The Sisters Grimm
2655:The Water of Life
2349:Hansel and Gretel
2053:
2052:
1894:
1893:
1712:El Gato con Botas
1538:Project MUSE
1464:Български фолклор
1417:978-1-60732-919-0
1373:Zipes, Jack David
1346:Zipes, Jack David
1321:Zipes, Jack David
1313:978-3-8349-0772-1
1192:Gillespie, Stuart
1184:978-1-933648-30-9
1154:: Vintage Books,
1142:Bettelheim, Bruno
1112:(Subscription or
1024:Thompson, Stith.
981:Lörincz, Laszló.
946:Български фолклор
919:Български фолклор
828:978-0-313-33441-2
790:978-0-313-33441-2
639:Thompson, Stith.
619:Thompson, Stith.
473:László L. Lőrincz
402:
351:Waldemar Liungman
315:Ines Köhler-Zülch
305:The animal helper
269:is classified as
98:
97:
42:édition L. Curmer
2961:
2864:
2860:
2859:
2852:
2848:
2847:
2832:
2823:
2820:The 10th Kingdom
2814:
2811:Once Upon a Time
2805:
2796:
2789:
2780:
2773:
2764:
2755:
2746:
2737:
2728:
2719:
2710:
2703:
2685:
2676:
2667:
2658:
2649:
2640:
2631:
2622:
2613:
2604:
2595:
2586:
2577:
2568:
2559:
2550:
2541:
2532:
2529:The Six Servants
2523:
2514:
2511:The Seven Ravens
2505:
2496:
2487:
2478:
2469:
2460:
2451:
2442:
2433:
2424:
2415:
2406:
2403:King Thrushbeard
2397:
2388:
2385:The Juniper Tree
2379:
2370:
2361:
2352:
2343:
2340:Hans My Hedgehog
2334:
2325:
2316:
2307:
2304:The Golden Goose
2298:
2289:
2280:
2271:
2262:
2253:
2244:
2235:
2226:
2217:
2208:
2199:
2190:
2181:
2172:
2150:
2141:
2132:
2123:
2080:
2073:
2066:
2057:
2056:
2027:
1928:Charles Perrault
1921:
1914:
1907:
1898:
1897:
1884:
1883:
1667:
1660:
1653:
1644:
1643:
1630:
1629:
1581:
1552:
1508:
1471:
1458:
1429:
1393:
1368:
1341:
1316:
1298:
1273:
1251:
1220:
1205:
1187:
1164:
1137:
1118:
1117:
1109:
1091:
1085:
1078:
1072:
1071:
1054:(3–4): 251–265.
1043:
1037:
1022:
1016:
1015:
1007:
1001:
992:
986:
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1587:External links
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2421:Mary's Child
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1520:(2): 35–51.
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1278:Tatar, Maria
1257:Ludwig Tieck
1256:
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1169:Brown, David
1152:Random House
1150:, New York:
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327:Central Asia
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101:
99:
69:(originally)
41:
2954:ATU 500-559
2761:Grimm Tales
2701:Grimm's law
2619:Trusty John
2097:Jacob Grimm
1785:Video games
1687:Adaptations
1483:(2): 7–24.
1470:(5): 20–32.
1229:Opie, Peter
1174:Tchaikovsky
560:, a c. di,
519:Adaptations
413: [
386:East Slavic
354: [
275:Folklorists
248:in the UK.
230:(2011) and
210:appears in
86:Publication
54:(1550–1553)
2878:Categories
2778:Fairy tale
2716:Grim Tales
2628:The Turnip
2556:Snow White
2484:The Riddle
2448:Old Sultan
2205:Cinderella
1971:Cinderella
1963:Donkeyskin
1950:Griselidis
1774:soundtrack
1759:soundtrack
1354:, p.
1225:Opie, Iona
1116:required.)
608:Brown 2007
558:Jack Zipes
540:References
534:David Nutt
212:DreamWorks
145:about an
143:fairy tale
80:fairy tale
2601:Thumbling
2277:The Gnome
1996:Bluebeard
1549:871355970
1505:234677738
1497:0226-8043
1381:Routledge
1329:Routledge
1323:(1991) ,
1144:(1977) ,
1068:161511346
765:Perrault.
564:, p 877,
477:Mongolian
437:Bulgarian
410:Lev Barag
399:romanized
257:Tale type
246:pantomime
107:‹See Tfd›
78:Literary
2850:Category
2475:Rapunzel
2169:Bearskin
1886:Category
1857:episodes
1638:LibriVox
1578:41388926
1545:ProQuest
1534:44029507
1435:Folklore
1375:(1997),
1348:(2001),
1280:(2002),
1231:(1974),
1171:(2007),
715:Folklore
700:30030396
506:(lord).
252:Analysis
189:Cagliuso
75:Genre(s)
67:Italian
64:Language
2862:Commons
2158:Notable
2033:Related
1830:(opera)
1770:(2022)
1755:(2011)
1455:1261067
925:].
862:1178506
818:". In:
780:". In:
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494:Georgia
487:red fox
448:In the
429:Russian
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374:Estonia
370:Finland
366:Denmark
319:Eastern
290:Central
127:Italian
56:France
49:Country
2016:(1697)
2010:(1697)
2004:(1697)
1998:(1697)
1992:(1697)
1986:(1697)
1980:(1697)
1974:(1697)
1966:(1695)
1958:(1695)
1952:(1695)
1946:(1697)
1845:(2007)
1811:(2011)
1803:(2011)
1747:(2009)
1739:(1999)
1731:(1988)
1707:(1922)
1614:(1941)
1604:(1889)
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498:Adyghe
300:Motifs
119:French
111:German
58:(1697)
52:Italy
2802:Grimm
2693:Other
2160:tales
2111:Works
1935:Works
1866:Shrek
1819:Other
1574:JSTOR
1530:JSTOR
1501:S2CID
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