487:
381:. RamĂłn y Cajal was also the first person to propose the physiological role of increasing the receptive surface area of the neuron. The greater the pyramidal cell's surface area, the greater the neuron's ability to process and integrate large amounts of information. Dendritic spines are absent on the soma, while the number increases away from it. The typical apical dendrite in a rat has at least 3,000 dendritic spines. The average human apical dendrite is approximately twice the length of a rat's, so the number of dendritic spines present on a human apical dendrite could be as high as 6,000.
354:
40:
286:
558:. Several studies are proposing that single cell classifications in mouse and human neurons based on gene expression could explain various neuronal properties . Neuronal types in these classifications are split into excitatory, inhibitory and hundreds of corresponding sub-types. For example, pyramidal cells of layer 2-3 in human are classified as FREM3 type and often have a high amount of Ih-current generated by
596:
primary visual cortex, all of which process sensory modalities. These cells might also play a critical role in complex object recognition within the visual processing areas of the cortex. Relative to other species, the larger cell size and complexity of pyramidal neurons, along with certain patterns of cellular organization and function, correlates with the evolution of human cognition.
342:
455:. In pyramidal cells, there is an abundance of Na, Ca, and K channels in the dendrites, and some channels in the soma. Ion channels within pyramidal cell dendrites have different properties from the same ion channel type within the pyramidal cell soma. Voltage-gated Ca channels in pyramidal cell dendrites are activated by subthreshold
579:. Normal motor control depends on the development of connections between the axons in the corticospinal tract and the spinal cord. Pyramidal cell axons follow cues such as growth factors to make specific connections. With proper connections, pyramidal cells take part in the circuitry responsible for vision guided motor function.
337:
Pyramidal cells are among the largest neurons in the brain. Both in humans and rodents, pyramidal cell bodies (somas) average around 20 ÎĽm in length. Pyramidal dendrites typically range in diameter from half a micrometer to several micrometers. The length of a single dendrite is usually several
595:
brain regions. The degree of complexity of pyramidal neurons is likely linked to the cognitive capabilities of different anthropoid species. Pyramidal cells within the prefrontal cortex appear to be responsible for processing input from the primary auditory cortex, primary somatosensory cortex, and
621:
The interactions between pyramidal cells and an estimated 41 mossy fiber boutons, each originating from a unique granule cell, highlight the role of these boutons in information processing and synaptic connectivity, which are essential for memory and learning. Fundamentally, mossy fiber input is
447:
Like dendrites in most other neurons, the dendrites are generally the input areas of the neuron, while the axon is the neuron's output. Both axons and dendrites are highly branched. The large amount of branching allows the neuron to send and receive signals to and from many different neurons.
622:
received by pyramidal cells in the hippocampus which integrate synaptic voltages within their dendritic architecture. The location of prickly protrusions and the clustering of synapses influence sensitivity and contribute to the processing of information pertaining to memory and learning.
430:
life. Between postnatal days 3 and 21, pyramidal cells have been shown to double the size of the soma, increase the length of the apical dendrite fivefold, and increase basal dendrite length thirteen-fold. Other changes include the lowering of the membrane's
617:
on basal and apical dendrites is important for memory formation. By enabling dynamic control of the sensitivity of CA3 pyramidal cells, this clustering of mossy fiber synapses on pyramidal cells may facilitate the initiation of somatic spikes.
463:
action potentials. The extent of back-propagation of action potentials within pyramidal dendrites depends upon the K channels. K channels in pyramidal cell dendrites provide a mechanism for controlling the amplitude of action potentials.
338:
hundred micrometers. Due to branching, the total dendritic length of a pyramidal cell may reach several centimeters. The pyramidal cell's axon is often even longer and extensively branched, reaching many centimeters in total length.
325:
The apical dendrite rises from the apex of the pyramidal cell's soma. The apical dendrite is a single, long, thick dendrite that branches several times as distance from the soma increases and extends towards the cortical surface.
604:
The hippocampus's pyramidal cells are essential for certain types of memory and learning. They form synapses that aid in the integration of synaptic voltages throughout their complex dendritic trees through interactions with
467:
The ability of pyramidal neurons to integrate information depends on the number and distribution of the synaptic inputs they receive. A single pyramidal cell receives about 30,000 excitatory inputs and 1700 inhibitory
472:) inputs. Excitatory (EPSPs) inputs terminate exclusively on the dendritic spines, while inhibitory (IPSPs) inputs terminate on dendritic shafts, the soma, and even the axon. Pyramidal neurons can be excited by the
1284:
Franceschetti S, Sancini G, Panzica F, Radici C, Avanzini G (April 1998). "Postnatal differentiation of firing properties and morphological characteristics in layer V pyramidal neurons of the sensorimotor cortex".
334:
Basal dendrites arise from the base of the soma. The basal dendritic tree consists of three to five primary dendrites. As distance increases from the soma, the basal dendrites branch profusely.
499:
Pyramidal neurons have been classified into different subclasses based upon their firing responses to 400-1000 millisecond current pulses. These classification are RSad, RSna, and IB neurons.
289:
A reconstruction of a pyramidal cell. Soma and dendrites are labeled in red, axon arbor in blue. (1) Soma, (2) Basal dendrite, (3) Apical dendrite, (4) Axon, (5) Collateral axon.
1759:
164:
534:
RSna pyramidal neurons, or non-adapting regular spiking neurons, fire a train of action potentials after a pulse. These neurons show no signs of adaptation.
672:
MegĂas M, Emri Z, Freund TF, Gulyás AI (2001). "Total number and distribution of inhibitory and excitatory synapses on hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells".
490:
Synaptic inputs to a Layer V Pyramidal cell in the mouse visual cortex. Each point represents one of > 11,000 post-synaptic sites on this neuron.
1555:"Pyramidal tract stimulation restores normal corticospinal tract connections and visuomotor skill after early postnatal motor cortex activity blockade"
1767:
716:
1239:"NETWORKS | Cellular Properties and Synaptic Connectivity of CA3 Pyramidal Cells: Mechanisms for Epileptic Synchronization and Epileptogenesis"
554:
There are several studies showing that morphological and electric pyramidal cells properties could be deduced from gene expression measured by
587:
Pyramidal neurons in the prefrontal cortex are implicated in cognitive ability. In mammals, the complexity of pyramidal cells increases from
1496:"h-Channels Contribute to Divergent Intrinsic Membrane Properties of Supragranular Pyramidal Neurons in Human versus Mouse Cerebral Cortex"
979:
Zhang ZW (March 2004). "Maturation of layer V pyramidal neurons in the rat prefrontal cortex: intrinsic properties and synaptic function".
1754:
1604:"Specialized Subpopulations of Deep-Layer Pyramidal Neurons in the Neocortex: Bridging Cellular Properties to Functional Consequences"
1057:
Georgiev DD, Kolev SK, Cohen E, Glazebrook JF (December 2020). "Computational capacity of pyramidal neurons in the cerebral cortex".
1202:
Magee J, Hoffman D, Colbert C, Johnston D (1998). "Electrical and calcium signaling in dendrites of hippocampal pyramidal neurons".
1798:
2632:
1717:
1258:
456:
418:
such as Ctip2 and Sox5 have been shown to contribute to the direction in which pyramidal neurons direct their axons.
374:
414:(eCBs) are one class of molecules that have been shown to direct pyramidal cell development and axonal pathfinding.
2422:
2352:
171:
17:
2417:
2347:
1962:
789:"Three-dimensional reconstruction and quantitative study of a pyramidal cell of a Cajal histological preparation"
1159:
Remy S, Beck H, Yaari Y (August 2010). "Plasticity of voltage-gated ion channels in pyramidal cell dendrites".
2037:
159:
2622:
2032:
2020:
1791:
2072:
2010:
1764:
516:
1238:
2067:
152:
2577:
2427:
2362:
1990:
1651:
Galakhova AA, Hunt S, Wilbers R, Heyer DB, de Kock CP, Mansvelder HD, Goriounova NA (November 2022).
606:
546:
pulses with a burst of two to five rapid action potentials. IB pyramidal neurons show no adaptation.
452:
346:
266:
2617:
2357:
2083:
871:
Mulder J, Aguado T, Keimpema E, Barabás K, Ballester Rosado CJ, Nguyen L, et al. (June 2008).
377:) that enter a pyramidal cell. Dendritic spines were first noted by RamĂłn y Cajal in 1888 by using
147:
122:
1390:"Classification of electrophysiological and morphological neuron types in the mouse visual cortex"
725:
613:. Since it affects the postsynaptic voltages produced by mossy fiber activation, the placement of
486:
2056:
1784:
508:
873:"Endocannabinoid signaling controls pyramidal cell specification and long-range axon patterning"
745:"Cortex, cognition and the cell: new insights into the pyramidal neuron and prefrontal function"
2524:
2051:
1815:
555:
460:
1749:
2382:
2372:
2307:
415:
1331:
Berg J, Sorensen SA, Ting JT, Miller JA, Chartrand T, Buchin A, et al. (October 2021).
1014:
Spruston N (March 2008). "Pyramidal neurons: dendritic structure and synaptic integration".
2507:
2404:
2334:
2160:
2015:
1450:
1344:
884:
79:
8:
2547:
2392:
2387:
1922:
1855:
1494:
Kalmbach BE, Buchin A, Long B, Close J, Nandi A, Miller JA, et al. (December 2018).
588:
576:
543:
403:
220:
1454:
1348:
888:
2582:
2552:
2483:
2452:
2442:
2437:
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1917:
1677:
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1628:
1603:
1579:
1554:
1535:
1522:
1495:
1471:
1438:
1437:
Bakken TE, Jorstad NL, Hu Q, Lake BB, Tian W, Kalmbach BE, et al. (October 2021).
1414:
1389:
1365:
1332:
1310:
1184:
1136:
1111:
1092:
1066:
1039:
961:
907:
872:
813:
788:
697:
614:
1298:
836:
Laberge D, Kasevich R (November 2007). "The apical dendrite theory of consciousness".
685:
2627:
2567:
2557:
2542:
2447:
2312:
2093:
2045:
1850:
1845:
1729:
1721:
1702:"Distribution of thorny excrescences on CA3 pyramidal neurons in the rat hippocampus"
1700:
Gonzales, R. B.; DeLeon Galvan, C. J.; Rangel, Y. M.; Claiborne, B. J. (2001-02-12).
1682:
1633:
1584:
1527:
1476:
1419:
1370:
1302:
1254:
1250:
1219:
1215:
1176:
1141:
1112:"Factors mediating powerful voltage attenuation along CA1 pyramidal neuron dendrites"
1096:
1084:
1031:
996:
953:
912:
853:
818:
766:
689:
523:
432:
378:
216:
196:
49:
1539:
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2497:
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1840:
1713:
1672:
1664:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1602:
Baker A, Kalmbach B, Morishima M, Kim J, Juavinett A, Li N, Dembrow N (June 2018).
1574:
1570:
1566:
1517:
1507:
1466:
1458:
1409:
1401:
1388:
Gouwens NW, Sorensen SA, Berg J, Lee C, Jarsky T, Ting J, et al. (July 2019).
1360:
1352:
1314:
1294:
1246:
1211:
1188:
1168:
1131:
1123:
1080:
1076:
1043:
1023:
988:
943:
902:
892:
845:
808:
804:
800:
756:
681:
520:
512:
473:
436:
426:
Pyramidal cells in rats have been shown to undergo many rapid changes during early
411:
399:
395:
370:
314:
244:
223:. One of the main structural features of the pyramidal neuron is the conic shaped
2302:
2271:
2266:
2148:
2143:
1967:
1771:
1512:
1127:
948:
931:
849:
636:
631:
306:
270:
236:
204:
140:
127:
53:
293:
One of the main structural features of the pyramidal neuron is the conic shaped
2592:
2562:
2519:
2339:
2297:
2275:
2195:
2078:
1807:
1668:
1462:
1356:
1172:
877:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
642:
407:
310:
294:
269:. Since then, studies on pyramidal neurons have focused on topics ranging from
240:
224:
61:
57:
1405:
2611:
2241:
2226:
1907:
1725:
353:
251:
1701:
1439:"Comparative cellular analysis of motor cortex in human, marmoset and mouse"
897:
761:
744:
39:
2487:
2409:
2322:
2203:
2133:
1912:
1835:
1733:
1686:
1637:
1588:
1531:
1480:
1423:
1374:
1333:"Human neocortical expansion involves glutamatergic neuron diversification"
1180:
1145:
1088:
1035:
1000:
957:
916:
857:
822:
770:
693:
610:
301:
is named. Other key structural features of the pyramidal cell are a single
258:
254:
231:
is named. Other key structural features of the pyramidal cell are a single
1306:
1223:
992:
435:, reduction of membrane resistance, and an increase in the peak values of
2502:
2317:
2221:
2179:
2111:
2106:
1927:
1865:
1860:
1830:
559:
394:
Pyramidal specification occurs during early development of the cerebrum.
358:
265:
rabies infection. Pyramidal neurons were first discovered and studied by
262:
208:
1718:
10.1002/1096-9861(20010212)430:3<357::aid-cne1036>3.0.co;2-k
177:
2572:
2261:
2138:
2101:
519:
afterpotential. The afterpotential increases in duration which creates
398:
are committed to the neuronal lineage in the subcortical proliferative
2587:
1972:
1945:
476:
427:
274:
106:
45:
1699:
1027:
542:
IB pyramidal neurons, or intrinsically bursting neurons, respond to
215:. Pyramidal cells are the primary excitation units of the mammalian
2251:
2236:
2231:
1955:
1950:
1877:
1872:
1110:
Golding NL, Mickus TJ, Katz Y, Kath WL, Spruston N (October 2005).
1071:
592:
212:
134:
2514:
2475:
2367:
1776:
1283:
285:
406:(SVZ). Immature pyramidal cells undergo migration to occupy the
2174:
2129:
1894:
298:
228:
786:
200:
1056:
341:
2213:
2121:
1937:
1201:
870:
480:
469:
302:
250:
Pyramidal neurons are also one of two cell types where the
232:
110:
1653:"Evolution of cortical neurons supporting human cognition"
787:
GarcĂa-LĂłpez P, GarcĂa-MarĂn V, Freire M (November 2006).
575:
Pyramidal neurons are the primary neural cell type in the
1650:
1601:
27:
Projection neurons in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus
1493:
1387:
1330:
671:
1109:
451:
Pyramidal neurons, like other neurons, have numerous
1436:
724:
1552:
932:"Pyramidal neurons grow up and change their mind"
64:radiate laterally from the base of the cell body.
2609:
929:
1326:
1324:
835:
639:- innervate initial segments of pyramidal axons
714:
421:
1792:
1158:
1321:
1245:, Oxford: Academic Press, pp. 815–819,
1050:
549:
507:RSad pyramidal neurons, or adapting regular
1553:Salimi I, Friel KM, Martin JH (July 2008).
1237:Wong, R. K. S.; Traub, R. D. (2009-01-01),
1103:
1007:
1799:
1785:
1279:
1277:
1275:
38:
1676:
1627:
1578:
1521:
1511:
1470:
1413:
1364:
1236:
1135:
1070:
947:
906:
896:
812:
760:
494:
384:
373:receive most of the excitatory impulses (
1152:
1013:
930:Fishell G, Hanashima C (February 2008).
738:
736:
667:
665:
663:
661:
659:
657:
485:
479:, and inhibited by the neurotransmitter
352:
340:
284:
1750:Pyramidal cell - Cell Centered Database
1272:
1243:Encyclopedia of Basic Epilepsy Research
782:
780:
14:
2610:
829:
742:
599:
570:
1780:
1241:, in Schwartzkroin, Philip A. (ed.),
1195:
978:
733:
654:
1706:The Journal of Comparative Neurology
777:
365:
24:
1806:
389:
320:
25:
2649:
1743:
329:
1251:10.1016/b978-012373961-2.00215-0
1216:10.1146/annurev.physiol.60.1.327
410:, where they further diversify.
297:, or cell body, after which the
227:, or cell body, after which the
172:Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy
1963:Oligodendrocyte progenitor cell
1693:
1644:
1595:
1546:
1487:
1430:
1381:
1230:
1161:Current Opinion in Neurobiology
515:(APs), which are followed by a
345:Pyramidal neuron visualized by
2633:Central nervous system neurons
1765:Diagram (as part of slideshow)
1620:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0150-18.2018
1571:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1078-08.2008
1081:10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147069
972:
923:
864:
805:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3543-06.2006
708:
13:
1:
1299:10.1016/S0306-4522(97)00463-6
686:10.1016/S0306-4522(00)00496-6
648:
60:(cell body) and the numerous
56:extends vertically above the
1657:Trends in Cognitive Sciences
1513:10.1016/j.neuron.2018.10.012
1128:10.1113/jphysiol.2005.086793
1016:Nature Reviews. Neuroscience
949:10.1016/j.neuron.2008.01.018
850:10.1016/j.neunet.2007.09.006
582:
442:
280:
98:Excitatory projection neuron
7:
2073:Postganglionic nerve fibers
1608:The Journal of Neuroscience
1559:The Journal of Neuroscience
1204:Annual Review of Physiology
793:The Journal of Neuroscience
743:Elston GN (November 2003).
625:
565:
422:Early postnatal development
48:pyramidal cell stained via
10:
2654:
2068:Preganglionic nerve fibers
1669:10.1016/j.tics.2022.08.012
1463:10.1038/s41586-021-03465-8
1357:10.1038/s41586-021-03813-8
1173:10.1016/j.conb.2010.06.006
981:Journal of Neurophysiology
453:voltage-gated ion channels
2578:Olfactory receptor neuron
2533:
2474:
2467:
2403:
2333:
2290:
2250:
2242:Neurofibril/neurofilament
2212:
2194:
2187:
2173:
2120:
2092:
1998:
1989:
1936:
1893:
1886:
1823:
1814:
1406:10.1038/s41593-019-0417-0
1116:The Journal of Physiology
550:Molecular classifications
347:green fluorescent protein
170:
158:
146:
133:
121:
116:
102:
94:
86:
74:
69:
37:
32:
898:10.1073/pnas.0803545105
529:
511:, fire with individual
502:
2525:Neuromuscular junction
2388:III or Aδ or fast pain
556:single cell sequencing
495:Firing classifications
491:
385:Growth and development
362:
350:
313:, and the presence of
290:
267:Santiago RamĂłn y Cajal
243:, and the presence of
199:found in areas of the
993:10.1152/jn.00855.2003
762:10.1093/cercor/bhg093
537:
526:(SFA) in the neuron.
489:
416:Transcription factors
356:
344:
288:
78:Cerebral cortex esp.
2543:Meissner's corpuscle
2508:Postsynaptic density
2405:Efferent nerve fiber
2393:IV or C or slow pain
2335:Afferent nerve fiber
2161:Satellite glial cell
715:Sketchy Group, LLC.
90:Multipolar pyramidal
2623:Hippocampus (brain)
2548:Merkel nerve ending
1506:(5): 1194–1208.e5.
1455:2021Natur.598..111B
1394:Nature Neuroscience
1349:2021Natur.598..151B
889:2008PNAS..105.8760M
799:(44): 11249–11252.
615:thorny excrescences
600:Memory and learning
577:corticospinal tract
571:Corticospinal tract
404:subventricular zone
221:corticospinal tract
2583:Photoreceptor cell
2553:Pacinian corpuscle
2484:Electrical synapse
2438:Lower motor neuron
2433:Upper motor neuron
2154:Internodal segment
2094:Connective tissues
2064:Autonomic ganglion
1770:2016-11-02 at the
492:
363:
351:
291:
153:H1.00.01.0.00044
2605:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2568:Free nerve ending
2535:Sensory receptors
2463:
2462:
2378:Ib or Golgi or Aα
2286:
2285:
2169:
2168:
2046:Ramus communicans
1985:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1851:Commissural fiber
1846:Association fiber
1841:Projection fibers
1614:(24): 5441–5455.
1565:(29): 7426–7434.
1449:(7879): 111–119.
1343:(7879): 151–158.
1260:978-0-12-373961-2
883:(25): 8760–8765.
755:(11): 1124–1138.
717:"2.3 rhabdovirus"
513:action potentials
437:action potentials
433:resting potential
217:prefrontal cortex
197:multipolar neuron
193:pyramidal neurons
186:
185:
181:
16:(Redirected from
2645:
2498:Synaptic vesicle
2493:Chemical synapse
2472:
2471:
2192:
2191:
2185:
2184:
1996:
1995:
1891:
1890:
1821:
1820:
1801:
1794:
1787:
1778:
1777:
1738:
1737:
1697:
1691:
1690:
1680:
1648:
1642:
1641:
1631:
1599:
1593:
1592:
1582:
1550:
1544:
1543:
1525:
1515:
1491:
1485:
1484:
1474:
1434:
1428:
1427:
1417:
1400:(7): 1182–1195.
1385:
1379:
1378:
1368:
1328:
1319:
1318:
1293:(4): 1013–1024.
1281:
1270:
1269:
1268:
1267:
1234:
1228:
1227:
1199:
1193:
1192:
1156:
1150:
1149:
1139:
1107:
1101:
1100:
1074:
1054:
1048:
1047:
1011:
1005:
1004:
987:(3): 1171–1182.
976:
970:
969:
951:
927:
921:
920:
910:
900:
868:
862:
861:
844:(9): 1004–1020.
833:
827:
826:
816:
784:
775:
774:
764:
740:
731:
730:
728:
723:. Archived from
712:
706:
705:
669:
637:Chandelier cells
474:neurotransmitter
461:back-propagating
412:Endocannabinoids
400:ventricular zone
396:Progenitor cells
371:Dendritic spines
366:Dendritic spines
315:dendritic spines
245:dendritic spines
195:, are a type of
178:edit on Wikidata
175:
103:Neurotransmitter
42:
30:
29:
21:
18:Pyramidal neuron
2653:
2652:
2648:
2647:
2646:
2644:
2643:
2642:
2618:Cerebral cortex
2608:
2607:
2606:
2597:
2529:
2459:
2408:
2399:
2383:II or Aβ and Aγ
2338:
2329:
2282:
2272:Apical dendrite
2267:Dendritic spine
2246:
2208:
2178:
2165:
2149:Node of Ranvier
2144:Myelin incisure
2116:
2088:
1977:
1968:Oligodendrocyte
1951:Ependymal cells
1932:
1882:
1810:
1805:
1772:Wayback Machine
1746:
1741:
1698:
1694:
1663:(11): 909–922.
1649:
1645:
1600:
1596:
1551:
1547:
1492:
1488:
1435:
1431:
1386:
1382:
1329:
1322:
1282:
1273:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1235:
1231:
1200:
1196:
1157:
1153:
1122:(Pt 1): 69–82.
1108:
1104:
1055:
1051:
1028:10.1038/nrn2286
1012:
1008:
977:
973:
928:
924:
869:
865:
838:Neural Networks
834:
830:
785:
778:
749:Cerebral Cortex
741:
734:
713:
709:
670:
655:
651:
632:Pyramidal tract
628:
602:
585:
573:
568:
552:
540:
532:
521:spike frequency
517:hyperpolarizing
509:spiking neurons
505:
497:
445:
424:
392:
390:Differentiation
387:
368:
332:
323:
321:Apical dendrite
311:basal dendrites
307:apical dendrite
283:
271:neuroplasticity
261:, are found in
241:basal dendrites
237:apical dendrite
205:cerebral cortex
189:Pyramidal cells
182:
65:
62:basal dendrites
54:apical dendrite
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2651:
2641:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2603:
2602:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2595:
2593:Taste receptor
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2563:Muscle spindle
2560:
2558:Ruffini ending
2555:
2550:
2545:
2539:
2537:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2527:
2522:
2520:Ribbon synapse
2517:
2512:
2511:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2490:
2480:
2478:
2469:
2465:
2464:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2457:
2456:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2414:
2412:
2401:
2400:
2398:
2397:
2396:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2344:
2342:
2340:Sensory neuron
2331:
2330:
2328:
2327:
2326:
2325:
2315:
2310:
2308:Pseudounipolar
2305:
2300:
2294:
2292:
2288:
2287:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2280:
2279:
2278:
2276:Basal dendrite
2269:
2264:
2256:
2254:
2248:
2247:
2245:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2227:Axon terminals
2224:
2218:
2216:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2206:
2200:
2198:
2189:
2182:
2171:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2163:
2158:
2157:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2126:
2124:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2098:
2096:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2086:
2081:
2079:Nerve fascicle
2076:
2070:
2061:
2060:
2059:
2054:
2042:
2041:
2040:
2035:
2025:
2024:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2002:
2000:
1993:
1987:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1959:
1958:
1948:
1942:
1940:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1899:
1897:
1888:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1869:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1833:
1827:
1825:
1818:
1812:
1811:
1808:Nervous tissue
1804:
1803:
1796:
1789:
1781:
1775:
1774:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1745:
1744:External links
1742:
1740:
1739:
1712:(3): 357–368.
1692:
1643:
1594:
1545:
1486:
1429:
1380:
1320:
1271:
1259:
1229:
1210:(1): 327–346.
1194:
1167:(4): 503–509.
1151:
1102:
1059:Brain Research
1049:
1022:(3): 206–221.
1006:
971:
942:(3): 333–338.
922:
863:
828:
776:
732:
729:on 2017-04-13.
721:SketchyMedical
707:
680:(3): 527–540.
652:
650:
647:
646:
645:
643:Rosehip neuron
640:
634:
627:
624:
601:
598:
584:
581:
572:
569:
567:
564:
551:
548:
539:
536:
531:
528:
504:
501:
496:
493:
444:
441:
423:
420:
408:cortical plate
391:
388:
386:
383:
379:Golgi's method
367:
364:
361:pyramidal cell
331:
330:Basal dendrite
328:
322:
319:
282:
279:
252:characteristic
203:including the
184:
183:
174:
168:
167:
162:
156:
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91:
88:
84:
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76:
72:
71:
67:
66:
50:Golgi's method
43:
35:
34:
33:Pyramidal cell
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2650:
2639:
2636:
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2626:
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2491:
2489:
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2482:
2481:
2479:
2477:
2473:
2470:
2466:
2454:
2453:Îł motorneuron
2451:
2449:
2448:β motorneuron
2446:
2444:
2443:α motorneuron
2441:
2440:
2439:
2436:
2434:
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2201:
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2176:
2172:
2162:
2159:
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2137:
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2131:
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2119:
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2110:
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2100:
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2019:
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1994:
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1988:
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945:
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904:
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664:
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660:
658:
653:
644:
641:
638:
635:
633:
630:
629:
623:
619:
616:
612:
611:granule cells
608:
597:
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563:
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535:
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522:
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402:(VZ) and the
401:
397:
382:
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360:
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348:
343:
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327:
318:
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81:
77:
73:
68:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
41:
36:
31:
19:
2488:Gap junction
2410:Motor neuron
2204:Axon hillock
2180:nerve fibers
2134:Schwann cell
2044:
2027:
2005:
1923:Medium spiny
1902:
1836:White matter
1824:Tissue Types
1709:
1705:
1695:
1660:
1656:
1646:
1611:
1607:
1597:
1562:
1558:
1548:
1503:
1499:
1489:
1446:
1442:
1432:
1397:
1393:
1383:
1340:
1336:
1290:
1287:Neuroscience
1286:
1264:, retrieved
1242:
1232:
1207:
1203:
1197:
1164:
1160:
1154:
1119:
1115:
1105:
1062:
1058:
1052:
1019:
1015:
1009:
984:
980:
974:
939:
935:
925:
880:
876:
866:
841:
837:
831:
796:
792:
752:
748:
726:the original
720:
710:
677:
674:Neuroscience
673:
620:
607:mossy fibers
603:
586:
574:
553:
541:
533:
506:
498:
466:
450:
446:
425:
393:
369:
336:
333:
324:
292:
259:Negri bodies
249:
192:
188:
187:
141:sao862606388
2503:Active zone
2468:Termination
2318:Interneuron
2222:Telodendron
2130:Myelination
2112:Endoneurium
2107:Perineurium
1928:Interneuron
1918:Von Economo
1866:Decussation
1861:Nerve tract
1831:Grey matter
560:HCN-channel
359:hippocampal
309:, multiple
263:post-mortem
239:, multiple
209:hippocampus
117:Identifiers
46:neocortical
2612:Categories
2573:Nociceptor
2313:Multipolar
2262:Nissl body
2139:Neurilemma
2102:Epineurium
1887:Cell Types
1266:2020-11-18
1072:2009.10615
1065:: 147069.
649:References
524:adaptation
305:, a large
235:, a large
211:, and the
80:layers III
2588:Hair cell
2122:Neuroglia
2084:Funiculus
1973:Microglia
1946:Astrocyte
1903:Pyramidal
1856:Lemniscus
1726:0021-9967
1097:221277603
589:posterior
583:Cognition
544:threshold
477:glutamate
443:Signaling
428:postnatal
281:Structure
275:cognition
107:Glutamate
2628:Amygdala
2373:Ia or Aα
2303:Unipolar
2252:Dendrite
2237:Axolemma
2232:Axoplasm
2016:Ganglion
1956:Tanycyte
1908:Purkinje
1895:Neuronal
1878:Meninges
1873:Neuropil
1768:Archived
1734:11169473
1687:36117080
1638:29798890
1589:18632946
1540:53218514
1532:30392798
1481:34616062
1424:31209381
1375:34616067
1181:20691582
1146:16002454
1089:32858030
1036:18270515
1001:14602839
966:15095100
958:18255026
917:18562289
858:17920812
823:17079652
771:14576205
702:16458290
694:11226691
626:See also
593:anterior
566:Function
219:and the
213:amygdala
135:NeuroLex
95:Function
75:Location
44:A human
2638:Neurons
2515:Autapse
2476:Synapse
2323:Renshaw
2298:Bipolar
2175:Neurons
2028:Ventral
1999:General
1913:Granule
1755:Diagram
1678:9561064
1629:6001033
1580:2567132
1523:6447369
1472:8494640
1451:Bibcode
1415:8078853
1366:8494638
1345:Bibcode
1315:6986307
1307:9502243
1224:9558467
1189:4713853
1137:1474764
1044:1142249
908:2438381
885:Bibcode
814:6674523
459:and by
128:D017966
70:Details
2368:fibers
2006:Dorsal
1732:
1724:
1685:
1675:
1636:
1626:
1587:
1577:
1538:
1530:
1520:
1500:Neuron
1479:
1469:
1443:Nature
1422:
1412:
1373:
1363:
1337:Nature
1313:
1305:
1257:
1222:
1187:
1179:
1144:
1134:
1095:
1087:
1042:
1034:
999:
964:
956:
936:Neuron
915:
905:
856:
821:
811:
769:
700:
692:
299:neuron
229:neuron
207:, the
52:. The
2291:Types
2188:Parts
2057:White
2038:Ramus
2021:Ramus
1938:Glial
1760:Image
1536:S2CID
1311:S2CID
1185:S2CID
1093:S2CID
1067:arXiv
1040:S2CID
962:S2CID
698:S2CID
609:from
470:IPSPs
457:EPSPs
375:EPSPs
349:(GFP)
201:brain
191:, or
176:[
165:84105
87:Shape
82:and V
2214:Axon
2196:Soma
2052:Gray
2033:Root
2011:Root
1730:PMID
1722:ISSN
1683:PMID
1634:PMID
1585:PMID
1528:PMID
1477:PMID
1420:PMID
1371:PMID
1303:PMID
1255:ISBN
1220:PMID
1177:PMID
1142:PMID
1085:PMID
1063:1748
1032:PMID
997:PMID
954:PMID
913:PMID
854:PMID
819:PMID
767:PMID
690:PMID
530:RSna
503:RSad
481:GABA
303:axon
295:soma
255:sign
233:axon
225:soma
123:MeSH
111:GABA
58:soma
2428:SVE
2423:GVE
2418:GSE
2363:SVA
2358:SSA
2353:GVA
2348:GSA
1991:PNS
1816:CNS
1714:doi
1710:430
1673:PMC
1665:doi
1624:PMC
1616:doi
1575:PMC
1567:doi
1518:PMC
1508:doi
1504:100
1467:PMC
1459:doi
1447:598
1410:PMC
1402:doi
1361:PMC
1353:doi
1341:598
1295:doi
1247:doi
1212:doi
1169:doi
1132:PMC
1124:doi
1120:568
1077:doi
1024:doi
989:doi
944:doi
903:PMC
893:doi
881:105
846:doi
809:PMC
801:doi
757:doi
682:doi
678:102
591:to
273:to
247:.
160:FMA
2614::
2132::
1728:.
1720:.
1708:.
1704:.
1681:.
1671:.
1661:26
1659:.
1655:.
1632:.
1622:.
1612:38
1610:.
1606:.
1583:.
1573:.
1563:28
1561:.
1557:.
1534:.
1526:.
1516:.
1502:.
1498:.
1475:.
1465:.
1457:.
1445:.
1441:.
1418:.
1408:.
1398:22
1396:.
1392:.
1369:.
1359:.
1351:.
1339:.
1335:.
1323:^
1309:.
1301:.
1291:83
1289:.
1274:^
1253:,
1218:.
1208:60
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