Python (programming language)

5042: 2225: 1018: 12658: 138: 594: 1010: 496: 14955: 14294: 13238: 5028: 40: 12796: 14945: 14274: 13210: 4471: 702:. In 2022, Python 3.10.4 and 3.9.12 were expedited and 3.8.13, because of many security issues. When Python 3.9.13 was released in May 2022, it was announced that the 3.9 series (joining the older series 3.8 and 3.7) would only receive security fixes in the future. On 7 September 2022, four new releases were made due to a potential 754:; and removals from the C API. Some standard library modules and many deprecated classes, functions and methods, will be removed in Python 3.15 and/or 3.16. Starting with 3.13, it and later versions have 2 years of full support (up from one and a half); followed by 3 years of security support (for same total support as before). 648:" (BDFL), a title the Python community bestowed upon him to reflect his long-term commitment as the project's chief decision-maker (he has since come out of retirement and is self-titled "BDFL-emeritus"). In January 2019, active Python core developers elected a five-member Steering Council to lead the project. 919:" motto, Python embraces a "there should be one—and preferably only one—obvious way to do it." philosophy. In practice, however, Python provides many ways to achieve the same task. There are, for example, at least three ways to format a string literal, with no certainty as to which one a programmer should use. 1711:

where multiple expressions, each evaluating to anything that can be assigned (to a variable, writable property, etc.) are associated in an identical manner to that forming tuple literals—and, as a whole, are put on the left-hand side of the equal sign in an assignment statement. The statement expects

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has proved to be particularly useful for AI applications, with Prolog providing knowledge representation and reasoning capabilities. The Janus system, in particular, exploits the similarities between these two languages, in part because of their use of dynamic typing, and the simple recursive nature

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Major or "feature" releases are largely compatible with the previous version but introduce new features. The second part of the version number is incremented. Starting with Python 3.9, these releases are expected to happen annually. Each major version is supported by bug fixes for several years

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However, Python features regularly violate these principles and have received criticism for adding unnecessary language bloat. Responses to these criticisms are that the Zen of Python is a guideline rather than a rule. The addition of some new features had been so controversial that Guido van Rossum

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I started work on the Swift Programming Language in July of 2010. I implemented much of the basic language structure, with only a few people knowing of its existence. A few other (amazing) people started contributing in earnest late in 2011, and it became a major focus for the Apple Developer Tools

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I'd spent a summer at DEC's Systems Research Center, which introduced me to Modula-2+; the Modula-3 final report was being written there at about the same time. What I learned there later showed up in Python's exception handling, modules, and the fact that methods explicitly contain 'self' in their

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Python code; i.e. it's known not possible to compile to a faster language or machine code. Unless semantics of Python are changed, but in many cases speedup is possible with few or no changes in the Python code. The faster Julia source code can then be used from Python, or compiled to machine code,

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was initially set for 2015, then postponed to 2020 out of concern that a large body of existing code could not easily be forward-ported to Python 3. No further security patches or other improvements will be released for it. Currently only 3.8 and later are supported (2023 security issues were

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The Swift language is the product of tireless effort from a team of language experts, documentation gurus, compiler optimization ninjas, and an incredibly important internal dogfooding group who provided feedback to help refine and battle-test ideas. Of course, it also greatly benefited from the

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Mojo as a member of the Python family Embracing Python massively simplifies our design efforts, because most of the syntax is already specified. we decided that the right long-term goal for Mojo is to provide a superset of Python (i.e. be compatible with existing programs) and to embrace the

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I had extensive experience with implementing an interpreted language in the ABC group at CWI, and from working with this group I had learned a lot about language design. This is the origin of many Python features, including the use of indentation for statement grouping and the inclusion of very

4185:(PEP) process, the primary mechanism for proposing major new features, collecting community input on issues, and documenting Python design decisions. Python coding style is covered in PEP 8. Outstanding PEPs are reviewed and commented on by the Python community and the steering council. 903:

via modules. This compact modularity has made it particularly popular as a means of adding programmable interfaces to existing applications. Van Rossum's vision of a small core language with a large standard library and easily extensible interpreter stemmed from his frustrations with

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Notable changes in 3.11 from 3.10 include increased program execution speed and improved error reporting. Python 3.11 claims to be between 10 and 60% faster than Python 3.10, and Python 3.12 adds another 5% on top of that. It also has improved error messages, and many other changes.

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Bugfix releases, which introduce no new features, occur about every 3 months and are made when a sufficient number of bugs have been fixed upstream since the last release. Security vulnerabilities are also patched in these releases. The third and final part of the version number is

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CPython immediately for long-tail ecosystem enablement. To a Python programmer, we expect and hope that Mojo will be immediately familiar, while also providing new tools for developing systems-level code that enable you to do things that Python falls back to C and C++ for.

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are also released as previews and for testing before final releases. Although there is a rough schedule for each release, they are often delayed if the code is not ready. Python's development team monitors the state of the code by running the large

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operating system. Its implementation began in December 1989. Van Rossum shouldered sole responsibility for the project, as the lead developer, until 12 July 2018, when he announced his "permanent vacation" from his responsibilities as Python's

1068:. An increase in indentation comes after certain statements; a decrease in indentation signifies the end of the current block. Thus, the program's visual structure accurately represents its semantic structure. This feature is sometimes termed the 990:

well, be natural or show fluency in the language, or conform with Python's minimalist philosophy and emphasis on readability. Code that is difficult to understand or reads like a rough transcription from another programming language is called

3818:. CPython is distributed with a large standard library written in a mixture of C and native Python, and is available for many platforms, including Windows (starting with Python 3.9, the Python installer deliberately fails to install on 5007:

Python's development practices have also been emulated by other languages. For example, the practice of requiring a document describing the rationale for, and issues surrounding, a change to the language (in Python, a PEP) is also used in

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of their data structures. Typical applications of this combination include natural language processing, visual query answering, geospatial reasoning, and handling of semantic web data. The Natlog system, implemented in Python, uses

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Enhancement of the language corresponds with the development of the CPython reference implementation. The mailing list python-dev is the primary forum for the language's development. Specific issues were originally discussed in the

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object on the right-hand side of the equal sign that produces the same number of values as the provided writable expressions; when iterated through them, it assigns each of the produced values to the corresponding expression on the

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reference implementation that would offer marginal increases in speed at the cost of clarity. Execution speed can be improved by moving speed-critical functions to extension modules written in languages such as C, or by using a

2310:. These annotations are not enforced by the language, but may be used by external tools such as mypy to catch errors. Mypy also supports a Python compiler called mypyc, which leverages type annotations for optimization. 4168:

Performance comparison of various Python implementations on a non-numerical (combinatorial) workload was presented at EuroSciPy '13. Python's performance compared to other programming languages is also benchmarked by

3925:) "is Python-inspired, but it is not Python. It is possible to write Snek programs that run under a full Python system, but most Python programs will not run under Snek." It is an imperative language not including 1358:; data was passed unidirectionally out of the generator. From Python 2.5 on, it is possible to pass data back into a generator function; and from version 3.3, it can be passed through multiple stack levels. 4223:. The first part of the version number is incremented. These releases happen infrequently—version 3.0 was released 8 years after 2.0. According to Guido van Rossum, a version 4.0 is very unlikely to ever happen. 9623: 4281:

will emit a DeprecationWarning, and will be removed in 3.15. Using that code already has a high potential for both security and functionality bugs. Parts of the typing module are deprecated, e.g. creating a

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Python is meant to be an easily readable language. Its formatting is visually uncluttered and often uses English keywords where other languages use punctuation. Unlike many other languages, it does not use

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Python's large standard library provides tools suited to many tasks and is commonly cited as one of its greatest strengths. For Internet-facing applications, many standard formats and protocols such as

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After manually modifying one line of code by specifying the necessary type information, we obtained a speedup of 52.6×, making the translated Julia code 19.5× faster than the original Python code.

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Tarau, P., 2023. Reflections on automation, learnability and expressiveness in logic-based programming languages. In Prolog: The Next 50 Years (pp. 359–371). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland.

11047: 4405:). It was selected as Programming Language of the Year (for "the highest rise in ratings in a year") in 2007, 2010, 2018, and 2020 (the only language to have done so four times as of 2020). 5754:

By popular demand, a few features commonly found in functional programming languages like Lisp have been added to Python. With the lambda keyword, small anonymous functions can be created.

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PyJL compiles/transpiles a subset of Python to "human-readable, maintainable, and high-performance Julia source code". Despite claiming high performance, no tool can claim to do that for

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operators for mathematical addition, subtraction, and multiplication are similar to other languages, but the behavior of division differs. There are two types of divisions in Python:

2212:(due to their names beginning and ending with double-underscores), to allow user-defined classes to modify how they are handled by native operations including length, comparison, in 8347: 5938: 3903:

Cinder is a performance-oriented fork of CPython 3.8 that contains a number of optimizations, including bytecode inline caching, eager evaluation of coroutines, a method-at-a-time

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operator can be used to concatenate two tuples, which does not directly modify their contents, but produces a new tuple containing the elements of both. Thus, given the variable

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that further extends the native capabilities, it is frequently used as a scientific scripting language to aid in problems such as numerical data processing and manipulation.

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In 2021 (and again twice in 2022), security updates were expedited, since all Python versions were insecure (including 2.7) because of security issues leading to possible

6098:, second section "Fans of Python use the phrase "batteries included" to describe the standard library, which covers everything from asynchronous processing to zip files." 14448: 14168: 12257:

Nim's syntax is strongly reminiscent of Python's, as it uses indented code blocks and some of the same syntax (such as the way if/elif/then/else blocks are constructed).

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we created three levels of tools ... The next level offers Python and XML support, letting modders with more experience manipulate the game world and everything in it.

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Andersen, C. and Swift, T., 2023. The Janus System: a bridge to new prolog applications. In Prolog: The Next 50 Years (pp. 93–104). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland.

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replace "CLU" with "Python", "record" with "instance", and "procedure" with "function or method", and you get a pretty accurate description of Python's object model.

5296: 4330:, whom Python creator Guido van Rossum enjoyed while developing the language. Monty Python references appear frequently in Python code and culture; for example, the 9615: 6908: 6877: 14527: 9592: 4991:, has said: "I wanted a scripting language that was more powerful than Perl, and more object-oriented than Python. That's why I decided to design my own language." 1231:

statement, which removes a variable—deleting the reference from the name to the value, and producing an error if the variable is referred to before it is redefined

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experiences hard-won by many other languages in the field, drawing ideas from Objective-C, Rust, Haskell, Ruby, Python, C#, CLU, and far too many others to list.

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and first released it in 1991 as Python 0.9.0. Python 2.0 was released in 2000. Python 3.0, released in 2008, was a major revision not completely

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Python allows Boolean expressions with multiple equality relations in a manner that is consistent with general use in mathematics. For example, the expression

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Python 3.12 dropped some outdated modules, and more will be dropped in the future, deprecated as of 3.13; already deprecated array 'u' format code will emit

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Almost all machines today (November 2000) use IEEE-754 floating point arithmetic, and almost all platforms map Python floats to IEEE-754 "double precision".

3702: 14746: 14368: 8978: 8408: 7659: 4354:. The official Python documentation also contains various references to Monty Python routines. Users of Python are sometimes referred to as "Pythonistas". 8558: 7162: 6939: 3602:. However, because most of the standard library is cross-platform Python code, only a few modules need altering or rewriting for variant implementations. 14585: 11839: 11741: 8284: 7507: 5145: 743:

Since 27 June 2023, Python 3.8 is the oldest supported version of Python (albeit in the 'security support' phase), due to Python 3.7 reaching

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The C3 method itself has nothing to do with Python, since it was invented by people working on Dylan and it is described in a paper intended for lispers

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to high-level object languages, with either unrestricted Python, a restricted subset of Python, or a language similar to Python as the source language:

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Python claims to strive for a simpler, less-cluttered syntax and grammar while giving developers a choice in their coding methodology. In contrast to

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List comprehensions and generator expressions are a concise notation for such operations, borrowed from the functional programming language Haskell.

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Python 3.13 introduced an incremental garbage collector (producing shorter pauses for collection in programs with a lot of objects); an experimental

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fixed in e.g. 3.7.17, the final 3.7.x release). While Python 2.7 and older is officially unsupported, a different unofficial Python implementation,

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features. CPython includes its own C extensions, but third-party extensions are not limited to older C versions—e.g. they can be implemented with

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includes Python and intends to replace Java with Python. Its Python Scripting Provider is a core feature since Version 4.0 from 7 February 2013.

11500: 9894: 15884: 15869: 14991: 14537: 14423: 12467: 11077: 5442: 5326: 5123: 3609:(PyPI), the official repository for third-party Python software, contains over 523,000 packages with a wide range of functionality, including: 1072:. Some other languages use indentation this way; but in most, indentation has no semantic meaning. The recommended indent size is four spaces. 11316: 7306: 4139:, released in 2021, is also available for "Python 3.4, although features and behaviors from later versions may be included") on the .NET 15864: 14522: 14505: 12421: 11973: 11135: 10162: 7702: 4361:

is used to show that something is related to Python. Examples of the use of this prefix in names of Python applications or libraries include

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compiles (a superset of) Python to C. The resulting code is also usable with Python via direct C-level API calls into the Python interpreter.

970:—and in occasionally playful approaches to tutorials and reference materials, such as the use of the terms "spam" and "eggs" (a reference to 12273: 11474: 8618: 6423: 5379: 1316:. Variables may subsequently be rebound at any time to any object. In Python, a variable name is a generic reference holder without a fixed 15894: 15819: 14475: 14373: 8339: 7000: 6846: 10109:"GitHub – IronLanguages/ironpython3: Implementation of Python 3.x for .NET Framework that is built on top of the Dynamic Language Runtime" 6816: 5930: 740:

As of April 2024, Python 3.12 is the stable release, and 3.12 is the only version with active (as opposed to just security) support.

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to delimit blocks, and semicolons after statements are allowed but rarely used. It has fewer syntactic exceptions and special cases than

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compiler that integrates with CPython and transforms bytecode to machine code at runtime. The emitted code is specialized for certain

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Rounding towards negative infinity, though different from most languages, adds consistency. For instance, it means that the equation

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resigned as Benevolent Dictator for Life following vitriol over the addition of the assignment expression operator in Python 3.8.

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since 3.13 and will be removed in Python 3.16. The 'w' format code should be used instead. Part of ctypes is also deprecated and

810: 333: 11188: 10584: 4672:(DCGs) as prompt generators for text-to-text generators like GPT3 and text-to-image generators like DALL-E or Stable Diffusion. 15804: 13409: 12671: 9863: 9122: 7932: 7813: 5643: 3959: 1205: 12144: 12034: 11995: 9519: 7612: 7569: 7381: 5515: 15829: 15763: 14532: 14490: 14433: 13221: 12866: 12633: 12612: 12593: 12549: 12523: 10850: 10674: 8380: 7878: 7606: 6238: 6012: 4170: 3077:

The division between integers produces floating-point results. The behavior of division has changed significantly over time:

537: 5468: 4821:(as a package) and can be used from the command line (terminal). Many Linux distributions use installers written in Python: 1435:, called the "walrus operator", was introduced in Python 3.8. It assigns values to variables as part of a larger expression. 15528: 14948: 14896: 14826: 14510: 14199: 11021: 10707: 9466: 9301: 9208: 8884: 8472: 8193: 7758: 5047: 3997:

in 2005. It implemented many of the modules from the standard library and some additional modules for integrating with the

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group in July 2013 drawing ideas from Objective-C, Rust, Haskell, Ruby, Python, C#, CLU, and far too many others to list.

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Pyston is a variant of the Python runtime that uses just-in-time compilation to speed up the execution of Python programs.

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Triple-quoted (beginning and ending with three single or double quotes), which may span multiple lines and function like

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operator may be used to compare object identities (comparison by reference), and comparisons may be chained—for example,

916: 763: 295: 12783: 9616:"Snekboard Controls LEGO Power Functions with CircuitPython or Snek Programming Languages (Crowdfunding) – CNX Software" 9584: 9054: 3773: 15508: 14984: 14851: 14703: 12804: 11865: 11104: 10991: 10644: 10614: 10524: 10433: 10285: 10255: 9153: 9009: 8854: 8704: 8682: 8592: 8317: 8224: 8137: 8077: 8051: 7902: 7415: 7355: 6695: 6635: 6537: 6487: 6457: 6170: 6116: 5774: 5711: 5613: 5186: 4949:

is designed for the "speed of working in a dynamic language like Python" and shares the same syntax for slicing arrays.

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while conforming to the immutable nature of tuple objects. Parentheses are optional for tuples in unambiguous contexts.

1061: 1031: 602: 263: 11697: 11163: 7280: 6514: 1574:, are immutable and thus can be used as keys of dictionaries, provided all of the tuple's elements are immutable. The 14766: 14676: 14671: 14112: 13739: 13546: 13402: 12967: 12205: 11810: 11610: 10811: 10772: 8805: 7468: 6335: 5961: 5404: 4398: 3976: 1051: 966:

Python's developers aim for it to be fun to use. This is reflected in its name—a tribute to the British comedy group

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Guelton, Serge; Brunet, Pierrick; Amini, Mehdi; Merlini, Adrien; Corbillon, Xavier; Raynaud, Alan (16 March 2015).

7254: 6208: 5070: 4303: 1964:. Escape sequences are not interpreted; hence raw strings are useful where literal backslashes are common, such as 1490: 1348: 845: 726: 12391: 12364: 10956: 10908: 10554: 10217: 7118: 3865:

often brings a significant speed improvement over CPython, but some libraries written in C cannot be used with it.

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In Python, a distinction between expressions and statements is rigidly enforced, in contrast to languages such as

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CPython's public releases come in three types, distinguished by which part of the version number is incremented:

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Python consistently ranks as one of the most popular programming languages, and has gained widespread use in the

514: 11437:"Python eats away at R: Top Software for Analytics, Data Science, Machine Learning in 2018: Trends and Analysis" 9414: 7169: 6267: 2524:(or dictionary) of key and value pairs; can contain mixed types (keys and values), keys must be a hashable type 15879: 14340: 14254: 14194: 13792: 13260: 13241: 13173: 13046: 12928: 11847: 11395: 9684: 9092: 8970: 8550: 8442: 6931: 4136: 3403: 3361: 1977: 1309: 1022: 449: 10463: 10342: 10308: 10025: 9999: 9383: 8276: 7499: 6301: 5528:

This module implements a number of iterator building blocks inspired by constructs from APL, Haskell, and SML.

2099:, all being expressions, cannot contain statements. A particular case is that an assignment statement such as 15595: 15575: 15501: 14977: 14856: 14751: 14575: 14565: 14349: 13787: 13476: 13216: 13194: 13121: 13096: 13056: 5065: 5013: 5000: 4952: 4102: 3576: 2048: 1367: 1089: 1039: 12060: 7327:, it needs a strategy to avoid memory leaks as well as the use of freed memory. The chosen method is called 7194: 7092: 6392: 6139: 1139: 899:

Nevertheless, rather than building all of its functionality into its core, Python was designed to be highly

687:, continues to support Python 2, i.e. "2.7.18+" (plus 3.9 and 3.10), with the plus meaning (at least some) " 15889: 15615: 15079: 15000: 14922: 14776: 14570: 14229: 13626: 13583: 13536: 13531: 13188: 13091: 13061: 12861: 11939: 10874: 7070: 4994: 4962: 4930: 4906: 4495: 4152: 3708: 3591: 1081: 645: 485: 465: 437: 389: 11913: 10372: 9233: 9175: 7228: 6085: 4286:

class using keyword arguments to denote the fields and such (and more) will be disallowed in Python 3.15.

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compiles Python 2.7 to Java bytecode, allowing the use of the Java libraries from a Python program.

2240:; rather, operations on an object may fail, signifying that it is not of a suitable type. Despite being 15682: 15268: 15069: 14781: 14666: 14443: 13904: 13839: 13440: 13106: 13002: 12985: 12903: 11772: 11727: 8822: 6361: 4978: 4900: 4763: 3843: 3349:. C-derived languages interpret this expression differently: in C, the expression would first evaluate 2669: 928: 905: 473: 433: 385: 373: 364: 360: 247: 100: 12303: 10486: 6033: 5807: 4686:

Python has been successfully embedded in many software products as a scripting language, including in

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Since 2003, Python has consistently ranked in the top ten most popular programming languages in the

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with earlier versions. Python 2.7.18, released in 2020, was the last release of Python 2.

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statements, used to import modules whose functions or variables can be used in the current program

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statement, which allows exceptions raised in its attached code block to be caught and handled by

959:, but it either doesn't provide the full speed-up that might be expected, since Python is a very 526: 137: 13335: 7871:

Introduction to Computation and Programming Using Python: With Application to Understanding Data

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The TIOBE Programming Community index is an indicator of the popularity of programming languages

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in the same way, thus allowing massively concurrent programs. PyPy also has a stackless version.

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blends Python and Java features, minimizing boilerplate code for enhanced developer efficiency.

4507: 4503: 4331: 3373: 2843: 2641: 2289: 2123: 939: 771: 557: 549: 545: 174: 76: 72: 68: 64: 60: 12330: 9323: 8914: 8828: 8409:"The Python Language Reference, section 3.3. New-style and classic classes, for release 2.7.1" 8370: 7022: 6004: 5997: 4569:

allow the effective use of Python in scientific computing, with specialized libraries such as

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construct, that compares an expression against one or more cases as a control-of-flow measure.

986:, which has a wide range of meanings related to program style. "Pythonic" code may use Python 14821: 14616: 14608: 14547: 14480: 14239: 14224: 14189: 13877: 13777: 13645: 13320: 11365: 10801: 10762: 7847: 6748: 5508:"itertools – Functions creating iterators for efficient looping – Python 3.7.1 documentation" 5060: 4879: 4687: 4602: 4527: 3983:

and is faster than the standard Python code. Psyco does not support Python 2.7 or later.

3862: 3669: 2611: 2213: 1425: 963:, or a restricted subset of Python is compiled, and possibly semantics are slightly changed. 948: 695: 14107: 11184: 9963: 8789: 8730: 7438: 5094: 3760:, a browser-based IDE and hosting environment; and Canopy IDE, a commercial IDE emphasizing 15728: 15303: 15041: 14906: 14841: 14836: 14398: 14259: 14214: 13660: 13605: 13451: 13446: 13355: 13325: 12951: 12876: 11300: 11223: 11211: 10199: 9959: 8520: 8012: 7954: 5829: 5787:

This module provides regular expression matching operations similar to those found in Perl.

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statement, which encloses a code block within a context manager (for example, acquiring a

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support. Python 3.0 was released on 3 December 2008, with many of its major features

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is a framework to program communications between computers, and is used (for example) by

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Backward-incompatible versions, where code is expected to break and needs to be manually

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Macs, since Python 3.9.1, with experimental installer), with unofficial support for

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causes a module used in Python 2.7 to use Python 3.0 rules for division (see above).

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As you may know, EVE has at its core the programming language known as Stackless Python.

11304: 11227: 10930: 10203: 9709: 8246: 6717: 5733: 2295:

Before version 3.0, Python had two kinds of classes (both using the same syntax):

2029:, allows elements to be skipped and reversed. Slice indexes may be omitted—for example, 14333: 14219: 13797: 13365: 13340: 11553: 11257: 10189: 9972: 9947: 8759: 8159: 6778: 5556:

even though the design of C is far from ideal, its influence on Python is considerable.

4988: 4919:, a programming language that cross-compiles to JavaScript, has Python-inspired syntax. 4850: 4802: 4715: 4703: 4586: 4547: 4479: 3962:

ability to scale to thousands of cores, while ordinary implementations suffer from the

3737:, add further abilities such as improved auto-completion, session state retention, and 3580: 3268: 1965: 1546:, are mutable, and cannot be used as the keys of dictionaries (dictionary keys must be 1498: 1185: 837: 802: 787: 660: 652: 636: 270: 95: 12657: 10840: 9263: 5999:

Practical JRuby on Rails Web 2.0 Projects: bringing Ruby on Rails to the Java platform

4401:

where as of December 2022 it was the most popular language (ahead of C, C++, and

2236:

and has typed objects but untyped variable names. Type constraints are not checked at

593: 15667: 15413: 15354: 15112: 14944: 14866: 14713: 14393: 14285: 14273: 14077: 13729: 13600: 13593: 13007: 12908: 12837: 12629: 12608: 12589: 12545: 12519: 12507: 11261: 11249: 10846: 10807: 10768: 10576: 9977: 8801: 8376: 7874: 7602: 7598: 6008: 4787: 2521: 2241: 1277: 987: 841: 806: 791: 709:

Every Python release since 3.5 has added some syntax to the language. 3.10 added the

610: 10396:"Programming languages: Why Python 4.0 might never arrive, according to its creator" 9859: 9114: 8551:"15. Floating Point Arithmetic: Issues and Limitations – Python 3.8.3 documentation" 7924: 7522: 7225:"PyDBC: method preconditions, method postconditions and class invariants for Python" 5639: 3263:. However, maintaining the validity of this equation means that while the result of 1224:

statement, which skips the rest of the current iteration and continues with the next

560:. It is often described as a "batteries included" language due to its comprehensive 15743: 15733: 15580: 15273: 15240: 15188: 14631: 14030: 14020: 13827: 13621: 13571: 13566: 13509: 13497: 12884: 12772: 12148: 12026: 12003: 11891: 11557: 11543: 11308: 11241: 9967: 8907:"10 Reasons Python Rocks for Research (And a Few Reasons it Doesn't) – Hoyt Koepke" 7592: 7561: 7377: 6901:"Python 3.10.3, 3.9.11, 3.8.13, and 3.7.13 are now available with security content" 6424:"Guido van Rossum Stepping Down from Role as Python's Benevolent Dictator For Life" 6357: 5507: 4864: 4755: 4622: 4534:

support developers in the design and maintenance of complex applications. Pyjs and

4491: 4433: 4366: 4267: 3954:

in 2009, with the aim of speeding up the Python interpreter five-fold by using the

3930: 3868: 3644: 3639: 3024: 2894: 2608: 2322: 1936: 1897:. If strings contain numbers, they are added as strings rather than integers, e.g. 1329: 1297: 960: 774:

are fully supported, and many of their features support functional programming and

722: 616: 598: 582: 567: 561: 522: 348: 310: 258: 186: 88: 11014:"Tornado: Facebook's Real-Time Web Framework for Python – Facebook for Developers" 10666: 6230: 4801:

Many operating systems include Python as a standard component. It ships with most

4196:

hosted at by the foundation. In 2022, all issues and discussions were migrated to

3946:

Other just-in-time Python compilers have been developed, but are now unsupported:

3598:

follows PEP 333—but most are specified by their code, internal documentation, and

3590:

Some parts of the standard library are covered by specifications—for example, the

1881:

by "adding" them (with the same operator as for adding integers and floats), e.g.

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Python's design and philosophy have influenced many other programming languages:

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Python, since 3.7, only supports operating systems with multi-threading support.

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Statements cannot be a part of an expression—so list and other comprehensions or

1352: 1213: 779: 699: 675:

utility, which automates the translation of Python 2 code to Python 3.

656: 651:

Python 2.0 was released on 16 October 2000, with many major new features such as

553: 533: 234: 178: 83: 56: 14318: 11013: 9293: 9201: 8876: 8464: 8189: 7750: 5669: 5571: 4971:

is a non-strict superset of Python (e.g. still missing classes, and adding e.g.

3287: 1169:

statement, which executes a block of code and attaches its local namespace to a

1125:

object, capturing each element to a local variable for use by the attached block

15308: 15250: 15054: 14698: 14621: 14117: 14082: 14072: 13897: 13655: 13481: 12762: 10734: 10108: 9462: 8640: 7461: 6597: 4771: 4751: 4009:

widget libraries, enabling programs to be written and run on the target device.

3757: 3715:

for which users enter statements sequentially and receive results immediately.

3674: 3619: 3059: 3039: 2474: 2245: 1917: 1387: 1325: 798: 170: 52: 15520: 12170: 11548: 11531: 9678:"The Snek Programming Language: A Python-inspired Embedded Computing Language" 9551: 8971:"Build a Rapid Web Development Environment for Python Server Pages and Oracle" 7783: 7642: 6657: 6567: 5540:

van Rossum, Guido (1993). "An Introduction to Python for UNIX/C Programmers".

2013:, and negative indexes are relative to the end. Slices take elements from the 1151:

in Python 3.11 for exception groups); it also ensures that clean-up code in a

1130: 15798: 14929: 14890: 14796: 14453: 14378: 14326: 14062: 14042: 13959: 13638: 13286: 13126: 12712: 12295: 11818: 11496: 11253: 9981: 9062: 7491: 4997:, a programming language developed by Apple, has some Python-inspired syntax. 4830: 4727: 4606: 4598: 4499: 4382: 4086:

The Python → 11l → C++ transpiler compiles a subset of Python 3 to C++ (

3886: 3684: 3629: 3291: 2343: 2185: 1990: 1947: 1201: 1162:

statement, used to raise a specified exception or re-raise a caught exception

1069: 920: 868: 495: 429: 318: 11861: 11100: 10987: 10636: 10606: 10516: 10425: 10277: 10247: 9145: 9001: 8846: 8674: 8584: 8309: 8216: 8129: 8073: 8043: 7894: 7407: 7347: 6687: 6627: 6545: 6510: 6479: 6453: 6108: 5766: 5703: 5605: 5349: 5178: 2091:

is a statement); the former is for expressions, the latter is for statements

15263: 14771: 14728: 14641: 14148: 13979: 13394: 13178: 13017: 12511: 12387: 12356: 11701: 11157: 9939: 7276: 4916: 4876: 4842: 4834: 4767: 4711: 4645: 4449: 4327: 4236: 3689: 3584: 3391:

Due to Python's extensive mathematics library, and the third-party library

2716: 2237: 2111:

cannot form part of the conditional expression of a conditional statement.

2036: 1878: 1343:, and, according to Van Rossum, it never will. However, better support for 1332:

languages, where each variable may contain only a value of a certain type.

1100: 967: 814: 751: 441: 11822: 6327: 5289:"test – Regression tests package for Python – Python 3.7.13 documentation" 4656:, simple syntax, and rich text processing tools, Python is often used for 4083:

can be compiled to C, and is used to build the PyPy interpreter of Python.

1134:

statement, which executes a block of code as long as its condition is true

1017: 15585: 15428: 14861: 14688: 14683: 14244: 14015: 13924: 13919: 13541: 13519: 12732: 12145:"Groovy – the birth of a new dynamic language for the Java platform" 11312: 11245: 9349: 8372:

Beyond the Basic Stuff with Python: Best Practices for Writing Clean Code

7378:"6.5 itertools – Functions creating iterators for efficient looping" 5426:

high-level data types (although the details are all different in Python).

5258: 4885: 4759: 4590: 4193: 3929:/ classes, unlike Python, and simplifying to one number type with 32-bit 3922: 3882: 3872: 3749: 2233: 2201: 2044: 1986: 1317: 861: 688: 668: 624: 417: 314: 216: 166: 161: 13252: 12920: 7250: 6200: 6061:"A Python Book: Beginning Python, Advanced Python, and Python Exercises" 3846:

were supported, but support has since been dropped for many platforms.)

1117: 1009: 15605: 15467: 15423: 15102: 15031: 14969: 14138: 14097: 14092: 14005: 13914: 13822: 13734: 13714: 13360: 13086: 12742: 10904: 10546: 7553: 4926: 4922: 4872: 4633: 4632:

projects and machine learning projects with the help of libraries like

4566: 4539: 4535: 4515: 4132: 4031: 4019: 3934: 3876: 3823: 3654: 3649: 3614: 3599: 2303:; current Python versions only support the semantics of the new style. 2010: 1957: 1924: 1239: 900: 783: 461: 322: 12491: 11044:"What Powers Instagram: Hundreds of Instances, Dozens of Technologies" 10047: 6963:"Python releases 3.10.7, 3.9.14, 3.8.14, and 3.7.14 are now available" 5860: 4117:

Older projects (or not to be used with Python 3.x and latest syntax):

1251:

statement, used in debugging to check for conditions that should apply

671:

to Python 2.6.x and 2.7.x. Releases of Python 3 include the

181:(since 3.5, but those hints are ignored, except with unofficial tools) 15672: 15418: 15293: 15235: 15170: 14718: 14133: 14102: 14000: 13844: 13807: 13744: 13698: 13693: 13678: 13183: 12822: 12795: 12767: 11780: 10487:"[Python-Dev] Release Schedules (was Stability & change)" 9948:"Pythran: enabling static optimization of scientific Python programs" 9524: 9406: 8340:"Why must 'self' be used explicitly in method definitions and calls?" 6263: 5146:"Why is Python a dynamic language and also a strongly typed language" 4955:

was motivated by the desire to bring the Python design philosophy to

4806: 4731: 4707: 4570: 4437: 4409: 4241: 4205: 4156: 4122: 3990: 3980: 3827: 3819: 3426: 3376:

to a pre-defined arbitrary precision and several rounding modes. The

2282: 1547: 1344: 1336: 1263: 979: 931:

and Python book author, wrote: "To describe something as 'clever' is

239: 39: 10316: 9677: 9084: 8434: 7143: 5542:

Proceedings of the NLUUG Najaarsconferentie (Dutch UNIX Users Group)

5234:"PEP 738 – Adding Android as a supported platform | peps.python.org" 5233: 5208: 5027: 3748:

including PyCharm, IntelliJ Idea, Visual Studio Code etc, there are

1200:

before it is run, then releasing the lock; or opening and closing a

1104:

statement, which conditionally executes a block of code, along with

15662: 15647: 15433: 15393: 15323: 15313: 15180: 15150: 15107: 15021: 15016: 14756: 14636: 14035: 13867: 13305: 13300: 12717: 11400:"TensorFlow: Large-scale machine learning on heterogeneous systems" 10455: 10338: 10021: 7037: 6293: 5702:

Schemenauer, Neil; Peters, Tim; Hetland, Magnus Lie (18 May 2001).

4936: 4743: 4610: 4578: 4538:

can be used to develop the client-side of Ajax-based applications.

4487: 4429: 4315: 4256: 4037: 3831: 3811: 3807: 3753: 3624: 3353:, resulting in 0 or 1, and that result would then be compared with 3283: 2767:

of numbers commonly used for looping a specific number of times in

2615: 1943:

became available in Python 3.6 as "formatted string literals".

1355: 872: 817:), which binds method and variable names during program execution. 453: 408: 368: 13375: 10194: 9995: 7303:"Extending and Embedding the Python Interpreter: Reference Counts" 5767:"re – Regular expression operations – Python 3.10.6 documentation" 4882:

project has adopted Python as its main user-programming language.

4040:

compiles a subset of statically typed Python to machine code (via

250:

5.0+ (official from Python 3.13 planned) and a few other platforms

15748: 15738: 15636: 15590: 15398: 15388: 15373: 15278: 15208: 15193: 15144: 15130: 14158: 13995: 13949: 13872: 13772: 13767: 13719: 13315: 13076: 13066: 12827: 12722: 12114:"Google's Go: A New Programming Language That's Python Meets C++" 11501:"Google supercharges machine learning tasks with TPU custom chip" 9463:"Application-level Stackless features – PyPy 2.0.2 documentation" 8130:"PEP 0465 – A dedicated infix operator for matrix multiplication" 5592:

It is a mixture of the class mechanisms found in C++ and Modula-3

4965:

was designed to be "as usable for general programming as Python".

4818: 4810: 4747: 4699: 4695: 4680: 4649: 4641: 4594: 4574: 4551: 4470: 4441: 4311: 4106: 4087: 4080: 4074: 3998: 3861:

is a fast, compliant interpreter of Python 2.7 and 3.8. Its

3835: 3783: 3734: 1969: 943: 857: 820:

Its design offers some support for functional programming in the

664: 394: 344: 302: 226: 206: 11935: 11905: 11467:"Who is using scikit-learn? – scikit-learn 0.20.1 documentation" 11159:

GitHub – reddit-archive/reddit: historical code from reddit.com.

10577:"1. Extending Python with C or C++ – Python 3.9.1 documentation" 8764:

The Python standard library, release 2.7, §2: Built-in functions

8735:

The Python standard library, release 3.2, §2: Built-in functions

8641:"PEP 465 – A dedicated infix operator for matrix multiplication" 7062: 2035:

returns a copy of the entire list. Each element of a slice is a

786:). Many other paradigms are supported via extensions, including 570:

began working on Python in the late 1980s as a successor to the

15768: 15758: 15723: 15677: 15483: 15383: 15378: 15368: 15333: 15328: 15288: 15203: 15198: 15155: 15074: 14173: 14153: 14025: 13817: 13370: 13143: 13111: 12995: 12747: 12727: 10364: 10309:"Guido, Some Guys, and a Mailing List: How Python is Developed" 10186:

Performance of Python runtimes on a non-numeric scientific code

10113: 9556: 9379: 9115:"4. Building C and C++ Extensions – Python 3.9.2 documentation" 7224: 6081: 4972: 4939:, a scripting language very similar to Python, built-in to the 4913:

document lists Python first among languages that influenced it.

4903:

uses indentation, a similar syntax, and a similar object model.

4822: 4814: 4779: 4691: 4664: 4614: 4519: 4498:, a standard API has evolved to facilitate these applications. 4453: 4417: 4413: 4362: 4345: 4220: 4209: 4197: 4146: 4061: 4047: 3918: 3703:

Comparison of integrated development environments § Python

3054:. These operators work like in traditional math; with the same 2846:, contains no duplicates; can contain mixed types, if hashable 2644:, contains no duplicates; can contain mixed types, if hashable 1726: 1420:

infix operator. It is intended to be used by libraries such as

975: 924: 340: 326: 11748:. Environmental Systems Research Institute. 17 November 2006. 11698:"Installers for GIMP for Windows – Frequently Asked Questions" 10246:

Warsaw, Barry; Hylton, Jeremy; Goodger, David (13 June 2000).

5914:

We want something as usable for general programming as Python

4266:

meaning Python extensions need to be modified, and 3.10 added

2263:

of classes are constructed by calling the class (for example,

1413:

operator for duplicating a string a specified number of times.

15610: 15478: 15403: 15318: 15126: 15059: 15026: 14723: 13974: 13954: 13944: 13939: 13934: 13929: 13892: 13724: 13330: 13051: 13041: 13012: 12990: 12832: 12752: 12737: 10730:"In Python, should I use else after a return in an if block?" 9799: 7144:"PEP 594 – Removing dead batteries from the standard library" 4637: 4562: 4558: 4378: 4299: 4252: 4098: 4067: 3994: 3986: 3969: 3579:, arithmetic with arbitrary-precision decimals, manipulating 3392: 2579: 2288:(itself an instance of itself), allowing metaprogramming and 2193: 2192:) in some other object-oriented programming languages (e.g., 2055:. This leads to duplicating some functionality. For example: 1540: 1421: 1208:(RAII)-like behavior and replacing a common try/finally idiom 381: 202: 198: 12237:"Nim language draws from best of Python, Rust, Go, and Lisp" 7751:"pprint – Data pretty printer – Python 3.11.0 documentation" 6870:"Python 3.10.4 and 3.9.12 are now available out of schedule" 5799: 4255:. There are also special Python mentoring programs, such as 3452:'Type a number, and its factorial will be printed: ' 2715:

An object representing the absence of a value, often called

15642: 15600: 15570: 15363: 15256: 15134: 15117: 15064: 15049: 13964: 13133: 12817: 12757: 11343:, Innovative Computing in Science Education, archived from 8277:"5.3. Tuples and Sequences – Python 3.7.1rc2 documentation" 6029: 5490:

parameter list. String slicing came from Algol-68 and Icon.

4775: 4739: 4589:

programmable in Python: its library covers many aspects of

4531: 4425: 4421: 4386: 4374: 4307: 4159:(latest release in 2013) compile to C and C++ respectively. 4110: 4041: 4027: 4002: 3955: 3858: 3839: 3730: 3723: 3564: 3560: 2372: 1928: 1770:. In Python 2.6+ and 3+, this was supplemented by the 952: 912: 684: 632: 413: 306: 12651: 12299: 11742:"About getting started with writing geoprocessing scripts" 11185:"Usage statistics and market share of Python for websites" 10132: 9552:"cinder: Instagram's performance-oriented fork of CPython" 9436: 8099: 7925:"8. Errors and Exceptions – Python 3.12.0a0 documentation" 6628:"PEP 466 – Network Security Enhancements for Python 2.7.x" 5931:"Mojo language marries Python and MLIR for AI development" 4778:

promotes Python as the best choice for writing scripts in

3707:

Most Python implementations (including CPython) include a

3074:

to represent positive and negative numbers respectively).

2251:

Python allows programmers to define their own types using

286: 13168: 13138: 12663: 12418:

Swift Programming Language Evolution repository on GitHub

12355:

Kupries, Andreas; Fellows, Donal K. (14 September 2000).

9945: 9002:"PEP 333 – Python Web Server Gateway Interface v1.0" 8215:

van Rossum, Guido; Hettinger, Raymond (7 February 2003).

7591:

Martelli, Alex; Ravenscroft, Anna; Ascher, David (2005).

7590: 6321: 6319: 5009: 4295: 4006: 3799: 1528: 1505:; however, there may be only one expression in each body. 243: 230: 12057:"Proposals: iterators and generators [ES4 Wiki]" 10188:. European Conference on Python in Science (EuroSciPy). 9830:"Transcrypt: Anatomy of a Python to JavaScript Compiler" 9769: 8494: 5701: 4389:, a Python implementation originally written in Python. 4070:

uses LLVM to compile a subset of Python to machine code.

3913:

Embedded Computing Language (compatible with e.g. 8-bit

3910: 1960:

varieties, denoted by prefixing the string literal with

12518:(3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. 11571: 10456:"Changing the Python release cadence [LWN.net]" 4326:

Python's name is derived from the British comedy group

3921:-based Arduino, as well as larger ones compatible with 3003:

Python has the usual symbols for arithmetic operators (

956: 12544:(version 1.6.6 ed.). Cambridge University Press. 10637:"PEP 634 – Structural Pattern Matching: Specification" 7814:"Is Python a good language for beginning programmers?" 7531:"The Controversy Behind The Walrus Operator in Python" 6316: 6235:

JetBrains: Developer Tools for Professionals and Teams

6231:"The State of Developer Ecosystem in 2020 Infographic" 4181:

Python's development is conducted largely through the

3941: 1347:-like functionality is provided by extending Python's 11572:"Natural Language Toolkit – NLTK 3.5b1 documentation" 10845:. Sebastopol, CA : O'Reilly Media. p. 305. 10764:

Learning Python: Powerful Object-Oriented Programming

10694: 10692: 10365:"Python Developer's Guide – Python Developer's Guide" 9916: 8796:(4th ed.). Addison-Wesley Professional. p. 7119:"Python Insider: Python 3.12.3 and 3.13.0a6 released" 5597: 5350:"PEP 0441 – Improving Python ZIP Application Support" 5209:"PEP 11 – CPython platform support | peps.python.org" 4013: 3826:

was supported until Python 3.5) and most modern

3774:

List of Python software § Python implementations

3756:, for developing science- and math-related programs; 1155:

block is always run regardless of how the block exits

14369:

Comparison of open-source and closed-source software

12542:

Think Python: How to Think Like a Computer Scientist

12386:

Gustafsson, Per; Niskanen, Raimo (29 January 2007).

10897: 9031: 8938:"An introduction to Python for scientific computing" 8585:"PEP 237 – Unifying Long Integers and Integers" 5023: 4617:

has Python bindings with a rich set of features for

1242:, syntactically needed to create an empty code block 10832: 10245: 8247:"4. Built-in Types – Python 3.6.3rc1 documentation" 8214: 8182: 8152: 8044:"PEP 342 – Coroutines via Enhanced Generators" 7430: 6415: 6140:"The History of Python: A Brief Timeline of Python" 4774:to show complex structures such as C++ containers. 4073:

Pythran compiles a subset of Python 3 to C++ (

1409:operator for string concatenation. Python uses the 1262:function (and also an operator); used to implement 848:

expressions. The standard library has two modules (

14737: 12385: 10689: 10339:"Moving Python's bugs to GitHub [LWN.net]" 9085:"PEP 7 – Style Guide for C Code | peps.python.org" 8042:van Rossum, Guido; Eby, Phillip J. (10 May 2005). 7295: 6384: 5996: 5112: 3259:is valid for both positive and negative values of 14348: 11394: 10988:"Python Streamlines Space Shuttle Mission Design" 10478: 9613: 8911:University of Washington Department of Statistics 8673:Zadka, Moshe; van Rossum, Guido (11 March 2001). 8583:Zadka, Moshe; van Rossum, Guido (11 March 2001). 7469:"Confusion regarding a rule in The Zen of Python" 6568:"2to3 – Automated Python 2 to 3 code translation" 6509:Kuchling, A. M.; Zadka, Moshe (16 October 2000). 5861:"Chapter 3: The Nature of JavaScript; Influences" 4891: 4294:Tools that can generate documentation for Python 3871:is a significant fork of CPython that implements 1700:—thereby effectively "modifying the contents" of 1272:statement, used to return a value from a function 757: 729:functionality. Python 3.12 added the new keyword 15796: 11523: 8821:Kernighan, Brian W.; Ritchie, Dennis M. (1988). 8820: 4135:allows running Python 2.7 programs (and an 3567:are supported. It includes modules for creating 3217:is always true. It also means that the equation 1923:Delimited by single or double quotes; unlike in 942:and reject patches to non-critical parts of the 935:considered a compliment in the Python culture." 856:) that implement functional tools borrowed from 15550: 12262: 11398:; Monga, Rajat; et al. (9 November 2015). 11388: 9644: 9614:Aufranc (CNXSoft), Jean-Luc (16 January 2020). 8675:"PEP 238 – Changing the Division Operator" 8672: 8582: 7784:"Code Style – The Hitchhiker's Guide to Python" 7725:"15 Ways Python Is a Powerful Force on the Web" 7500:"The Most Controversial Python Walrus Operator" 6294:"PYPL PopularitY of Programming Language index" 6258: 6256: 5462: 5460: 5173: 5171: 4909:uses indentation and a similar syntax, and its 4289: 3482:'You must enter a non-negative integer' 12354: 11529: 11286: 10241: 10239: 9520:"Pyston returns from the dead to speed Python" 7160: 5399: 5397: 2208:). Python also provides methods, often called 1075: 1052:Python syntax and semantics § Indentation 238:Unofficial (or has been known to work): Other 15536: 14985: 14334: 13410: 13268: 12936: 12679: 12607:(2nd ed.). Addison-Wesley Professional. 12506: 11770: 11287:Millman, K. Jarrod; Aivazis, Michael (2011). 11101:"Industrial Light & Magic Runs on Python" 10957:"Python : the holy grail of programming" 10510: 10508: 10357: 8840: 8838: 8041: 8013:"Language Design Is Not Just Solving Puzzles" 6508: 6171:"Python 2.7.18, the last release of Python 2" 5502: 5500: 5498: 5469:"Interview with Guido van Rossum (July 1998)" 5095:"General Python FAQ – Python 3 documentation" 4302:(available as part of the standard library), 14374:Comparison of source-code-hosting facilities 13424: 12329:Jalan, Nishant Aanjaney (10 November 2022). 11532:"Probabilistic (logic) programming concepts" 10963:(31/2006). CERN Publications. 31 July 2006. 10879:Technology News and Information by SeniorDBA 10315:. Python Software Foundation. Archived from 9887:"MIT-Created Compiler Speeds up Python Code" 8304: 8302: 7341: 7339: 6544:. Python Software Foundation. Archived from 6253: 5457: 5405:"Why was Python created in the first place?" 5168: 4860:industry, including in exploit development. 4408:Large organizations that use Python include 2228:The standard type hierarchy in Python 3 938:Python's developers usually strive to avoid 805:and a cycle-detecting garbage collector for 15696: 12602: 12449:. Python Wiki. 19 July 2012. Archived from 12379: 11098: 11046:. Instagram Engineering. 11 December 2016. 10426:"PEP 602 – Annual Release Cycle for Python" 10236: 9437:"speed comparison between CPython and Pypy" 8668: 8666: 7150:. Python Softtware Foundation. 20 May 2019. 6362:"SETL (was: Lukewarm about range literals)" 6021: 5566: 5564: 5439:"Ada 83 Reference Manual (raise statement)" 5394: 4373:to Python (commonly used to create games); 4030:(latest release in 2012) compile Python to 3790:of Python. It is written in C, meeting the 3778: 3696: 3085:to always be floating-point division, e.g. 3030:(where the remainder can be negative, e.g. 2126:attached to the object's class; the syntax 15543: 15529: 14992: 14978: 14341: 14327: 13417: 13403: 13275: 13261: 13209: 12943: 12929: 12686: 12672: 12656: 12561:"The A-Z of Programming Languages: Python" 12516:Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach 12492:"PyAIML 0.8.5 : Python Package Index" 12348: 12136: 12105: 12049: 12018: 11988: 11928: 11898: 11880: 11832: 11815:Sid Meier's Civilization IV Developer Blog 11802: 11764: 11734: 11716: 11564: 11177: 11119: 11092: 10979: 10949: 10923: 10722: 10539: 10514: 10505: 10300: 9702: 9585:"Snek Lang: feels like Python on Arduinos" 9455: 9429: 9372: 9316: 9194: 9168: 9143: 9137: 8993: 8968: 8962: 8835: 8781: 8752: 8723: 8697: 8495:"mypy – Optional Static Typing for Python" 8332: 8208: 8066: 8010: 7983: 6535: 6390: 6356: 5830:"Perl and Python influences in JavaScript" 5539: 5495: 136: 15860:Information technology in the Netherlands 13282: 12950: 11547: 11235: 10838: 10248:"PEP 1 – PEP Purpose and Guidelines" 10193: 9971: 9647:"Ready to find out if you're git famous?" 8299: 8035: 8004: 7977: 7836: 7806: 7627: 7584: 7562:"Python String Formatting Best Practices" 7370: 7345: 7336: 7269: 7243: 7217: 7187: 7154: 6502: 6421: 6350: 5959: 5549: 4577:providing domain-specific functionality. 4200:. Development originally took place on a 4121:Google's Grumpy (latest release in 2017) 3889:are Python 3 variants optimized for 3711:(REPL), permitting them to function as a 2021:index. The third slice parameter, called 1532:operator common to many other languages). 1526:(different in order of operands from the 1013:An example of Python code and indentation 974:) in examples, instead of the often-used 867:Its core philosophy is summarized in the 615:Python was invented in the late 1980s by 14999: 12558: 12234: 12142: 11530:De Raedt, Luc; Kimmig, Angelika (2015). 11280: 11209: 9517: 9234:"Changelog – Python 3.9.0 documentation" 8663: 8576: 8435:"PEP 484 – Type Hints | peps.python.org" 8368: 8310:"PEP 498 – Literal String Interpolation" 8217:"PEP 308 – Conditional Expressions" 7660:"Transpiling Python to Julia using PyJL" 7401: 7399: 7038:"Python 3.11 released [LWN.net]" 6529: 6168: 6052: 5888: 5886: 5726: 5695: 5661: 5640:"The Python 2.3 Method Resolution Order" 5631: 5561: 5533: 5467:Kuchling, Andrew M. (22 December 2006). 5466: 4469: 3907:, and an experimental bytecode compiler. 3852: 3720:Integrated development environment (IDE) 3384:module provides arbitrary precision for 3081:Current Python (i.e. since 3.0) changed 2998: 2739:A placeholder that can be returned from 2281:), and the classes are instances of the 2223: 1488:, and a more general expression named a 1482:Python has a type of expression named a 1258:statement, which returns a value from a 1173:, for use in object-oriented programming 1016: 1008: 908:, which espoused the opposite approach. 592: 15845:Dynamically typed programming languages 12621: 12294: 12270:"An Interview with the Creator of Ruby" 12203: 12111: 11808: 10515:Aahz; Baxter, Anthony (15 March 2001). 10484: 10218:"The Computer Language Benchmarks Game" 10121:from the original on 28 September 2021. 9675: 8844: 8787: 8401: 8122: 7687: 7654: 7652: 7528: 7473:Python Help - Discussions on Python.org 7116: 6688:"PEP 373 – Python 2.7 Release Schedule" 6598:"PEP 373 – Python 2.7 Release Schedule" 6325: 6027: 5924: 5922: 5858: 3398: 3050:, and a matrix‑multiplication operator 2743:to indicate unsupported operand types. 2618:number with 53 bits of precision. 2188:, in contrast to the implicit self (or 1508:Conditional expressions are written as 998: 14: 15875:Pattern matching programming languages 15797: 12539: 12210:datasciencelearningcenter.substack.com 12024: 11646:"Tkinter — Python interface to TCL/Tk" 11376:from the original on 23 September 2020 10985: 10799: 10393: 10079:"Google's Grumpy code makes Python Go" 10002:from the original on 24 September 2022 9884: 8705:"Why Python's Integer Division Floors" 7868: 7862: 7405: 7348:"PEP 289 – Generator Expressions" 7346:Hettinger, Raymond (30 January 2002). 7073:from the original on 18 September 2021 7035: 7003:from the original on 20 September 2022 6973:from the original on 13 September 2022 6746: 6201:"Stack Overflow Developer Survey 2022" 6137: 4875:as of 2008, is written in Python. The 2578:placeholder to be used as an index in 2147:is, for normal methods and functions, 2087:built-in functions (in Python 2, 1720:Python has a "string format" operator 1206:resource-acquisition-is-initialization 1092:statement, using a single equals sign 706:: 3.10.7, 3.9.14, 3.8.14, and 3.7.14. 15885:Programming languages created in 1991 15870:Object-oriented programming languages 15524: 14973: 14322: 13398: 13256: 12924: 12667: 12465: 12328: 12306:from the original on 22 December 2015 12059:. wiki.ecmascript.org. Archived from 12002:. Codehaus Foundation. Archived from 11811:"Modding Sid Meier's Civilization IV" 11447:from the original on 15 November 2019 11434: 11416:from the original on 20 November 2015 11331: 11319:from the original on 19 February 2019 11289:"Python for Scientists and Engineers" 11203: 11024:from the original on 19 February 2019 10986:Shafer, Daniel G. (17 January 2003). 10872: 10677:from the original on 11 November 2020 10493:from the original on 15 December 2018 10278:"PEP 8 – Style Guide for Python Code" 10183: 10076: 9952:Computational Science & Discovery 9582: 9360:from the original on 27 November 2020 9350:"Download Python for Other Platforms" 9146:"PEP 7 – Style Guide for C Code" 9052: 9024: 8935: 8887:from the original on 23 December 2019 8531:from the original on 22 December 2023 8475:from the original on 21 February 2020 8445:from the original on 27 November 2023 8011:van Rossum, Guido (9 February 2006). 7895:"PEP 8 – Style Guide for Python Code" 7672:from the original on 19 November 2023 7615:from the original on 23 February 2020 7572:from the original on 18 February 2024 7541:from the original on 28 December 2023 7479:from the original on 25 February 2024 7418:from the original on 26 December 2018 7396: 7231:from the original on 23 November 2019 7205:from the original on 15 December 2018 7163:"Python Metaclasses: Who? Why? When?" 6960: 6929: 6898: 6867: 6849:from the original on 24 February 2021 6819:from the original on 27 February 2021 6480:"PEP 13 – Python Language Governance" 6391:van Rossum, Guido (20 January 2009). 6338:from the original on 1 September 2016 6270:from the original on 25 February 2018 6138:Rossum, Guido Van (20 January 2009). 6074: 6036:from the original on 25 December 2018 5976:from the original on 25 December 2018 5928: 5883: 5871:from the original on 26 December 2018 5840:from the original on 26 December 2018 5637: 5616:from the original on 23 November 2019 5356:from the original on 26 December 2018 5347: 5269:from the original on 27 November 2020 5259:"Download Python for Other Platforms" 4171:The Computer Language Benchmarks Game 4044:) and supports native multithreading. 3810:Python programs into an intermediate 2314:Summary of Python 3's built-in types 1817:. Python 3.6 added "f-strings": 1312:to a separate, dynamically allocated 1025:code with curly braces and semicolons 15865:Multi-paradigm programming languages 14897:Microsoft Open Specification Promise 14255:Generative adversarial network (GAN) 12583: 12447:"Python for Artificial Intelligence" 12247:from the original on 13 October 2018 12235:Yegulalp, Serdar (16 January 2017). 12206:"What is Mojo Programming Language?" 12124:from the original on 18 January 2010 12037:from the original on 8 February 2008 11976:from the original on 9 February 2014 11809:Caudill, Barry (20 September 2005). 11787:from the original on 11 January 2014 11652:from the original on 18 October 2012 11293:Computing in Science and Engineering 11216:Computing in Science and Engineering 11125: 11099:Fortenberry, Tim (17 January 2003). 10967:from the original on 15 January 2013 10760: 10738:. Stack Exchange. 17 February 2011. 10710:from the original on 26 October 2012 10607:"PEP 623 – Remove wstr from Unicode" 10466:from the original on 6 November 2019 10375:from the original on 9 November 2020 9840:from the original on 5 December 2020 9800:"Transcrypt – Python in the browser" 9620:CNX Software – Embedded Systems News 9532:from the original on 27 January 2021 9518:Yegulalp, Serdar (29 October 2020). 9404: 9324:"An Interview with Guido van Rossum" 9304:from the original on 2 December 2020 9274:from the original on 8 December 2020 9244:from the original on 7 February 2021 8969:Piotrowski, Przemyslaw (July 2006). 8950:from the original on 4 February 2019 8845:Batista, Facundo (17 October 2003). 8814: 8770:from the original on 27 October 2012 8741:from the original on 25 October 2012 8350:from the original on 24 October 2012 8160:"Python 3.5.1 Release and Changelog" 8023:from the original on 17 January 2020 7824:from the original on 24 October 2012 7794:from the original on 27 January 2021 7761:from the original on 22 January 2021 7705:from the original on 24 October 2012 7649: 7497: 7436: 7309:from the original on 18 October 2012 6698:from the original on 13 January 2020 6668:from the original on 12 January 2020 6517:from the original on 23 October 2012 6169:Peterson, Benjamin (20 April 2020). 5994: 5988: 5919: 5680:from the original on 24 October 2012 5667: 5582:from the original on 23 October 2012 5445:from the original on 22 October 2019 5415:from the original on 24 October 2012 5179:"PEP 483 – The Theory of Type Hints" 5048:Free and open-source software portal 4981:uses indentation and similar syntax. 4385:and GTK to Python respectively; and 4334:often used in Python literature are 3989:was a Python 2 interpreter for 3286:a float to the nearest integer. For 2017:index up to, but not including, the 519:general-purpose programming language 27:General-purpose programming language 15895:Text-oriented programming languages 15820:Computer science in the Netherlands 14364:Alternative terms for free software 12466:Paine, Jocelyn, ed. (August 2005). 12388:"EEP 1: EEP Purpose and Guidelines" 12112:Kincaid, Jason (10 November 2009). 11942:from the original on 9 January 2009 11844:Google Documents List Data API v1.0 11191:from the original on 13 August 2021 11138:from the original on 13 August 2021 10937:from the original on 21 August 2018 10767:. 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(7 December 2003). 8999: 8389:from the original on 13 August 2021 7984:van Rossum, Guido (22 April 2009). 7844:"Myths about indentation in Python" 7510:from the original on 27 August 2023 6759:from the original on 5 January 2024 6109:"PEP 206 – Python Advanced Library" 6058: 5646:from the original on 20 August 2020 5238:Python Enhancement Proposals (PEPs) 5213:Python Enhancement Proposals (PEPs) 5126:from the original on 11 August 2021 5076:Comparison of programming languages 4237:alpha, beta, and release-candidates 4105:(HDL), that converts MyHDL code to 3942:No longer supported implementations 3746:integrated development environments 3726:, which is more beginner-oriented. 3605:As of 17 March 2024, the 1535:Python makes a distinction between 1324:object with a type. This is called 917:there is more than one way to do it 888:Complex is better than complicated. 764:multi-paradigm programming language 521:. Its design philosophy emphasizes 24: 14704:Python Software Foundation License 12533: 12424:from the original on 27 April 2020 12276:from the original on 28 April 2018 12143:Strachan, James (29 August 2003). 12093:from the original on 28 April 2021 11617:from the original on 15 March 2024 11495: 10885:from the original on 21 March 2021 10306: 10288:from the original on 17 April 2019 10165:from the original on 22 April 2021 10077:Francisco, Thomas Claburn in San. 10058:from the original on 24 April 2020 10028:from the original on 15 April 2020 9780:from the original on 3 August 2018 9720:from the original on 11 April 2016 9214:from the original on 6 August 2012 9095:from the original on 24 April 2022 8847:"PEP 327 – Decimal Data Type" 8227:from the original on 13 March 2016 7965:from the original on 4 August 2019 7905:from the original on 17 April 2019 7869:Guttag, John V. (12 August 2016). 7449:from the original on 15 March 2024 6961:Langa, Łukasz (7 September 2022). 6911:from the original on 17 April 2022 6880:from the original on 21 April 2022 6536:van Rossum, Guido (5 April 2006). 6422:Fairchild, Carlie (12 July 2018). 6304:from the original on 14 March 2017 6181:from the original on 26 April 2020 6088:from the original on 20 April 2012 5704:"PEP 255 – Simple Generators" 5156:from the original on 14 March 2021 4856:Python is used extensively in the 4452:. The social news networking site 4014:Cross-compilers to other languages 3767: 2178:. Python methods have an explicit 1121:statement, which iterates over an 621:Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica 264:Python Software Foundation License 25: 15906: 15850:Educational programming languages 15810:Class-based programming languages 14767:Definition of Free Cultural Works 14384:Free software project directories 12643: 12559:Hamilton, Naomi (5 August 2008). 12394:from the original on 15 June 2020 12367:from the original on 13 July 2017 11888:"Immunity: Knowing You're Secure" 11868:from the original on 17 June 2020 11582:from the original on 13 June 2020 11366:"OpenCV: OpenCV-Python Tutorials" 11268:from the original on 15 June 2020 11212:"Python for Scientific Computing" 11080:from the original on 10 June 2020 11050:from the original on 15 June 2020 10820:from the original on 17 July 2017 10781:from the original on 17 July 2017 10742:from the original on 20 June 2019 10617:from the original on 5 March 2021 10587:from the original on 23 June 2020 10436:from the original on 14 June 2020 10406:from the original on 14 July 2022 10224:from the original on 14 June 2020 10089:from the original on 7 March 2021 9897:from the original on 6 April 2023 9885:Lawson, Loraine (14 March 2023). 9750:from the original on 20 June 2019 9330:from the original on 16 July 2014 9144:van Rossum, Guido (5 June 2001). 9125:from the original on 3 March 2021 9012:from the original on 14 June 2020 8981:from the original on 2 April 2019 8621:from the original on 14 June 2020 8465:"typing — Support for type hints" 8320:from the original on 15 June 2020 8287:from the original on 10 June 2020 8257:from the original on 14 June 2020 8110:from the original on 20 July 2006 7641:. 21 January 2014. Archived from 7559: 7408:"PEP 20 – The Zen of Python" 7384:from the original on 14 June 2020 7358:from the original on 14 June 2020 7283:from the original on 13 June 2020 7257:from the original on 15 June 2020 6789:from the original on 6 March 2021 6728:from the original on 31 July 2023 6434:from the original on 13 July 2018 6372:from the original on 14 July 2018 6326:Venners, Bill (13 January 2003). 6241:from the original on 1 March 2021 6211:from the original on 27 June 2022 5810:from the original on 12 June 2020 5777:from the original on 18 July 2018 5603: 5518:from the original on 14 June 2020 5382:from the original on 15 June 2020 5189:from the original on 14 June 2020 4652:. As a scripting language with a 4444:, and some smaller entities like 4399:TIOBE Programming Community Index 4279:http.server.CGIHTTPRequestHandler 2897:: sequence of Unicode codepoints 1993:expressions in lists, denoted as 1696:, which is then assigned back to 882:Explicit is better than implicit. 15855:High-level programming languages 15825:Concurrent programming languages 14954: 14953: 14943: 14404:Open-source software development 14293: 14292: 14272: 13237: 13236: 13208: 12794: 12588:(5th ed.). O'Reilly Media. 12406: 12322: 12288: 12228: 12197: 12163: 12075: 11954: 11916:from the original on 9 June 2020 11854: 11771:CCP porkbelly (24 August 2010). 11752:from the original on 5 June 2020 11690: 11678:from the original on 9 June 2023 11664: 11638: 11629: 11603: 11594: 11511:from the original on 18 May 2016 11489: 11459: 11428: 11358: 11166:from the original on 1 June 2020 11150: 11126:Taft, Darryl K. 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The 957:cross-compile to other languages 494: 38: 14762:Debian Free Software Guidelines 14594:Free Software Movement of India 12216:from the original on 5 May 2023 12204:Spencer, Michael (4 May 2023). 12181:from the original on 5 May 2023 11477:from the original on 6 May 2020 11340:Science education with SageMath 10873:Blake, Troy (18 January 2021). 10647:from the original on 6 May 2021 10517:"PEP 6 – Bug Fix Releases" 9583:Aroca, Rafael (7 August 2021). 9564:from the original on 4 May 2021 7947: 7935:from the original on 9 May 2022 7917: 7887: 7776: 7743: 7717: 7529:Grifski, Jeremy (24 May 2020). 7136: 7110: 7085: 7055: 7029: 7015: 6985: 6954: 6923: 6899:Langa, Łukasz (16 March 2022). 6892: 6868:Langa, Łukasz (24 March 2022). 6861: 6831: 6801: 6771: 6740: 6710: 6680: 6650: 6620: 6590: 6560: 6472: 6446: 6286: 6223: 6193: 6162: 6131: 6119:from the original on 5 May 2021 6101: 5941:from the original on 5 May 2023 5904:from the original on 2 May 2020 5852: 5822: 5792: 5759: 5431: 5368: 5341: 4204:source-code repository running 3577:generating pseudorandom numbers 3019:), the floor division operator 1550:in Python). Tuples, written as 1320:; however, it always refers to 14205:Recurrent neural network (RNN) 14195:Differentiable neural computer 11864:. Python Software Foundation. 11840:"Python Language Guide (v1.0)" 11700:. 26 July 2013. Archived from 11128:"Python Slithers into Systems" 11103:. Python Software Foundation. 11070:"How we use Python at Spotify" 10990:. Python Software Foundation. 10933:. Python Software Foundation. 10907:. Python Software Foundation. 10875:"TIOBE Index for January 2021" 10806:. Peachpit Press. p. xv. 10706:. Python Software Foundation. 10553:. Python Software Foundation. 10523:. Python Software Foundation. 10485:Norwitz, Neal (8 April 2002). 10254:. Python Software Foundation. 9645:Kennedy (@mkennedy), Michael. 9152:. Python Software Foundation. 9008:. Python Software Foundation. 8853:. Python Software Foundation. 8681:. Python Software Foundation. 8591:. Python Software Foundation. 8471:. Python Software Foundation. 8346:. Python Software Foundation. 8223:. Python Software Foundation. 8050:. Python Software Foundation. 7820:. Python Software Foundation. 7414:. Python Software Foundation. 7406:Peters, Tim (19 August 2004). 7354:. Python Software Foundation. 7201:. Python Software Foundation. 6718:"Python Release Python 3.7.17" 6513:. Python Software Foundation. 6456:. Python Software Foundation. 6084:. Python Software Foundation. 6028:Lattner, Chris (3 June 2014). 5740:. Python Software Foundation. 5710:. Python Software Foundation. 5676:. Python Software Foundation. 5670:"Functional Programming HOWTO" 5642:. Python Software Foundation. 5578:. Python Software Foundation. 5411:. Python Software Foundation. 5348:Holth, Moore (30 March 2014). 5311: 5281: 5251: 5226: 5201: 5138: 5087: 4892:Languages influenced by Python 4694:, 3D parametric modelers like 4679:(GUI) by using libraries like 4663:The combination of Python and 4456:was written mostly in Python. 4176: 4163: 3830:systems, including macOS (and 3814:which is then executed by its 3374:decimal floating-point numbers 3362:arbitrary-precision arithmetic 2477:with real and imaginary parts 1724:that functions analogously to 1361: 1351:. Before 2.5, generators were 1045: 885:Simple is better than complex. 879:Beautiful is better than ugly. 758:Design philosophy and features 13: 1: 15805:Python (programming language) 14752:Contributor License Agreement 14566:Open-source-software movement 14350:Free and open-source software 14250:Variational autoencoder (VAE) 14210:Long short-term memory (LSTM) 13477:Computational learning theory 12622:Ramalho, Luciano (May 2022). 12540:Downey, Allen B. (May 2012). 11611:"SWI-Prolog Python interface" 9958:(1). IOP Publishing: 014001. 9710:"Plans for optimizing Python" 9294:"history [vmspython]" 8936:Shell, Scott (17 June 2014). 7846:. Secnetix.de. Archived from 7199:The Python Language Reference 6930:Langa, Łukasz (17 May 2022). 6538:"PEP 3000 – Python 3000" 6063:. Section 1.1. Archived from 5960:Ring Team (4 December 2017). 5865:O'Reilly, Speaking JavaScript 5081: 5066:List of programming languages 4392: 4155:(latest release in 2010) and 4103:hardware description language 3950:Google began a project named 1296:statements, an analog of the 1217:statement, which exits a loop 713:union type operator and the 15830:Cross-platform free software 14923:The Cathedral and the Bazaar 14777:The Free Software Definition 14230:Convolutional neural network 12083:"Frequently asked questions" 11962:"4.0 New Features and Fixes" 10931:"Organizations Using Python" 10521:Python Enhancement Proposals 10394:Hughes, Owen (24 May 2021). 10252:Python Enhancement Proposals 9973:10.1088/1749-4680/8/1/014001 9150:Python Enhancement Proposals 9006:Python Enhancement Proposals 8851:Python Enhancement Proposals 8679:Python Enhancement Proposals 8589:Python Enhancement Proposals 8221:Python Enhancement Proposals 8048:Python Enhancement Proposals 7986:"Tail Recursion Elimination" 7594:Python Cookbook, 2nd Edition 7498:Ambi, Chetan (4 July 2021). 7412:Python Enhancement Proposals 7352:Python Enhancement Proposals 7148:Python Enhancement Proposals 6542:Python Enhancement Proposals 6393:"A Brief Timeline of Python" 6003:. Berkeley: APress. p. 5708:Python Enhancement Proposals 4675:Python can also be used for 4496:Web Server Gateway Interface 4446:Industrial Light & Magic 4290:API documentation generators 4018:There are several compilers/ 4001:operating system. The Nokia 3744:As well as standard desktop 3592:Web Server Gateway Interface 3553: 3110:operator was introduced. So 1442:compares by value. Python's 1402:operator for exponentiation. 646:benevolent dictator for life 7: 15566:Advanced Simulation Library 15552:Numerical-analysis software 14827:Mozilla software rebranding 14792:Permissive software license 14225:Multilayer perceptron (MLP) 9917:"Nuitka Home | Nuitka Home" 9589:Yet Another Technology Blog 8881:Python v2.6.9 documentation 7988:. Neopythonic.blogspot.be. 7437:Lutz, Mark (January 2022). 7195:"3.3. Special method names" 7093:"What's New In Python 3.13" 6747:mattip (25 December 2023). 5674:Python v2.7.2 documentation 5056:Python syntax and semantics 5034:Computer programming portal 5019: 4738:, 2D imaging programs like 4658:natural language processing 4628:Python is commonly used in 4344:instead of the traditional 4183:Python Enhancement Proposal 3794:standard (Python 3.11 uses 2257:object-oriented programming 1180:statement, which defines a 1076:Statements and control flow 1005:Python syntax and semantics 982:in the Python community is 776:aspect-oriented programming 768:Object-oriented programming 725:statements). 3.11 expanded 10: 15911: 14832:Proprietary device drivers 14782:The Open Source Definition 14301:Artificial neural networks 14215:Gated recurrent unit (GRU) 13441:Differentiable programming 12904:Python Software Foundation 12693: 12603:Summerfield, Mark (2009). 12439: 12300:"Chris Lattner's Homepage" 12087:Godot Engine documentation 11996:"Gotchas for Python Users" 11505:Google Cloud Platform Blog 9740:"Python on the Nokia N900" 8877:"What's New in Python 2.6" 8824:The C Programming Language 8792:Python Essential Reference 8788:Beazley, David M. (2009). 8190:"What's New in Python 3.8" 7695:"Why is it called Python?" 7036:corbet (24 October 2022). 6511:"What's New in Python 2.0" 6030:"Chris Lattner's Homepage" 5962:"Ring and other languages" 5929:Krill, Paul (4 May 2023). 4546:to a relational database. 4463: 4244:suite during development. 4005:also supports Python with 3993:mobile phones released by 3771: 3718:Python also comes with an 3700: 2914:"""Spanning 2695:, can contain mixed types 2114: 1398:division. Python uses the 1304:The assignment statement ( 1112:(a contraction of else-if) 1049: 1002: 929:Python Software Foundation 608: 588: 101:Python Software Foundation 15777: 15716: 15558: 15496: 15457: 15353: 15226: 15217: 15179: 15040: 15007: 14939: 14917:Source-available software 14875: 14817:Digital rights management 14809: 14607: 14584: 14546: 14422: 14356: 14268: 14182: 14126: 14055: 13988: 13860: 13760: 13753: 13707: 13671: 13634:Artificial neural network 13614: 13490: 13457:Automatic differentiation 13430: 13293: 13204: 12981: 12958: 12893: 12875: 12854: 12803: 12792: 12703: 12414:"Swift Evolution Process" 12363:. Tcl Developer Xchange. 12171:"Modular Docs – Why Mojo" 11672:"Python Tkinter Tutorial" 11549:10.1007/s10994-015-5494-z 11210:Oliphant, Travis (2007). 8975:Oracle Technology Network 5734:"More Control Flow Tools" 5120:"Python 0.9.1 part 01/21" 4847:package management system 4809:(using Python 2.7), 4321: 3635:Graphical user interfaces 3569:graphical user interfaces 3425:Program to calculate the 3306:. Versions before 3 used 3218: 3176: 3127: 3086: 2988: 2976: 2952: 2906: 2900: 2873: 2849: 2798: 2774: 2746: 2722: 2701: 2698: 2675: 2648: 2622: 2591: 2585: 2557: 2527: 2495: 2480: 2454: 2445: 2436: 2413: 2395: 2377: 2354: 2348: 2308:optional type annotations 2273: 2264: 2219: 2152: 2127: 2100: 2030: 2004: 1998: 1898: 1882: 1877:Strings in Python can be 1818: 1779: 1731: 1730:format strings in C—e.g. 1661: 1637: 1607: 1583: 1551: 1544: 1509: 1447: 1341:first-class continuations 1060:indentation, rather than 955:. It is also possible to 871:(PEP 20), which includes 721:keywords (for structural 639:and interfacing with the 491: 428: 423: 359: 354: 339: 332: 301: 293: 281: 269: 257: 185: 179:optional type annotations 160: 156: 128: 124: 106: 94: 82: 46: 37: 15344:World Programming System 14912:Shared Source Initiative 14709:Shared Source Initiative 14662:Free Software Foundation 14599:Free Software Foundation 14449:Configuration management 13462:Neuromorphic engineering 13425:Differentiable computing 11862:"Python Setup and Usage" 10839:Lubanovic, Bill (2014). 10700:"Whetting Your Appetite" 10551:Python Developer's Guide 10184:Murri, Riccardo (2013). 8827:(2nd ed.). p. 7955:"Highlights: Python 2.5" 5122:. alt.sources archives. 4677:graphical user interface 4670:Definite Clause Grammars 4371:Simple DirectMedia Layer 4208:, until Python moved to 4026:Brython, Transcrypt and 3788:reference implementation 3779:Reference implementation 3729:Other shells, including 3713:command line interpreter 3697:Development environments 3431: 3408: 3267:is, as expected, in the 2981:'single element' 2949:Can contain mixed types 2924: 2911: 2732:types.NotImplementedType 1972:-style paths. (Compare " 1335:Python does not support 1238:statement, serving as a 1064:or keywords, to delimit 704:denial-of-service attack 631:, which was inspired by 629:ABC programming language 597:The designer of Python, 572:ABC programming language 15835:Cross-platform software 14847:SCO/Linux controversies 14235:Residual neural network 13651:Artificial Intelligence 12605:Programming in Python 3 12474:. Amzi!. Archived from 12331:"Programming in Kotlin" 11970:The Document Foundation 11777:EVE Community Dev Blogs 11746:ArcGIS Desktop Help 9.2 11162:, The Reddit Archives, 11134:. Ziff Davis Holdings. 11018:Facebook for Developers 9964:2015CS&D....8a4001G 6783:Red Hat Customer Portal 4929:borrowed iterators and 4648:and the Logic language 4630:artificial intelligence 4583:computer algebra system 4466:List of Python software 4459: 4332:metasyntactic variables 4141:Common Language Runtime 4064:compiles Python into C. 3964:global interpreter lock 3958:, and of improving its 3752:-based IDEs, including 3429:of a positive integer: 3417:'Hello, world!' 3404:"Hello, World!" program 2920:lines""" 2672:of unlimited magnitude 1543:. Lists are written as 1147:clauses (or new syntax 540:. It supports multiple 527:significant indentation 14747:Comparison of licenses 14556:Free software movement 12272:. Linuxdevcenter.com. 11773:"Stackless Python 2.7" 10800:Fehily, Chris (2002). 9714:Google Project Hosting 9407:"Download and Install" 9202:"Python 2.5 internals" 8344:Design and History FAQ 7439:"Python Changes 2014+" 7251:"Contracts for Python" 6749:"PyPy v7.3.14 release" 6328:"The Making of Python" 5894:"Why We Created Julia" 5738:Python 3 documentation 4790:, the other two being 4478:Python can serve as a 4475: 3875:; it does not use the 3798:) with several select 3594:(WSGI) implementation 3168:before version 3.0 is 2450:"Some ASCII" 2406:"Some ASCII" 2255:, most often used for 2229: 1501:are implemented using 1390:(or integer division) 1026: 1014: 940:premature optimization 772:structured programming 627:as a successor to the 606: 558:functional programming 112:; 33 years ago 15880:Programming languages 14822:License proliferation 14190:Neural Turing machine 13778:Human image synthesis 12952:Programming languages 12025:Esterbrook, Charles. 11724:"jasc psp9components" 10905:"Quotes about Python" 10667:"Documentation Tools" 8369:Sweigart, Al (2020). 7788:docs.python-guide.org 6658:"Sunsetting Python 2" 6397:The History of Python 6144:The History of Python 5061:pip (package manager) 4880:single-board computer 4784:programming languages 4688:finite element method 4603:numerical mathematics 4473: 3863:just-in-time compiler 3853:Other implementations 3670:System administration 3290:, Python 3 uses 2999:Arithmetic operations 2908:"Knowledge" 2612:floating-point number 2227: 2216:and type conversion. 2214:arithmetic operations 1950:in shells, Perl, and 1479:as Boolean operators. 1426:matrix multiplication 1020: 1012: 972:a Monty Python sketch 949:just-in-time compiler 801:and a combination of 696:remote code execution 596: 542:programming paradigms 143:; 21 days ago 110:20 February 1991 15729:FEATool Multiphysics 15304:Revolution Analytics 15001:Statistical software 14907:Open-source hardware 14842:Proprietary software 14837:Proprietary firmware 14538:Formerly open-source 14533:Formerly proprietary 14399:Open-source software 14281:Computer programming 14260:Graph neural network 13835:Text-to-video models 13813:Text-to-image models 13661:Large language model 13646:Scientific computing 13452:Statistical manifold 13447:Information geometry 12472:AI Expert Newsletter 12420:. 18 February 2020. 12357:"TIP #3: TIP Format" 11894:on 16 February 2009. 11825:on 2 December 2010. 11435:Piatetsky, Gregory. 11313:10.1109/MCSE.2011.36 11246:10.1109/MCSE.2007.58 9716:. 15 December 2009. 9380:"PyPy compatibility" 8525:mypyc.readthedocs.io 8469:Python documentation 7097:Python documentation 6283:Updated as required. 5836:. 24 February 2013. 5638:Simionato, Michele. 4869:One Laptop per Child 4858:information security 4654:modular architecture 4262:Python 3.12 removed 3915:AVR microcontrollers 3762:scientific computing 3709:read–eval–print loop 3665:Scientific computing 3607:Python Package Index 3573:relational databases 3399:Programming examples 3308:round-away-from-zero 2741:overloaded operators 2441:'Some ASCII' 2388:'Some ASCII' 2184:parameter to access 1941:String interpolation 1308:) binds a name as a 999:Syntax and semantics 659:garbage collection, 15890:Scripting languages 14787:Open-source license 14389:Gratis versus libre 13627:In-context learning 13467:Pattern recognition 12584:Lutz, Mark (2013). 12571:on 29 December 2008 12006:on 11 December 2008 11409:. Google Research. 11305:2011CSE....13b...9M 11228:2007CSE.....9c..10O 10761:Lutz, Mark (2009). 10704:The Python Tutorial 10369:devguide.python.org 10204:2014arXiv1404.6388M 10083:www.theregister.com 10036:– via GitHub. 9744:Stochastic Geometry 9178:. Docs.python.org. 9176:"CPython byte code" 9053:Enthought, Canopy. 8883:. 29 October 2013. 7850:on 18 February 2018 7701:. Docs.python.org. 7645:on 30 January 2014. 7380:. Docs.python.org. 7305:. Docs.python.org. 7161:The Cain Gang Ltd. 5859:Rauschmayer, Axel. 5576:The Python Tutorial 5376:"Starlark Language" 4845:uses Python in its 4803:Linux distributions 4249:academic conference 4058:and based that way. 3895:Lego Mindstorms EV3 3739:syntax highlighting 3660:Computer networking 3581:regular expressions 3106:The floor division 2902:'Knowledge' 2719:in other languages 2315: 2060:List comprehensions 1966:regular expressions 1916:Python has various 1582:initially equal to 1529:c ? x : y 1499:Anonymous functions 891:Readability counts. 838:list comprehensions 700:web-cache poisoning 691:security updates". 653:list comprehensions 576:backward-compatible 271:Filename extensions 107:First appeared 34: 15815:Notebook interface 14220:Echo state network 14108:Jürgen Schmidhuber 13803:Facial recognition 13798:Speech recognition 13708:Software libraries 12628:. O'Reilly Media. 12508:Russell, Stuart J. 12453:on 1 November 2012 12063:on 20 October 2007 12033:. Cobra Language. 12031:cobra-language.com 12027:"Acknowledgements" 10842:Introducing Python 10133:"IronPython.net /" 9439:. Speed.pypy.org. 8707:. 24 August 2010. 8415:on 26 October 2012 7818:General Python FAQ 7699:General Python FAQ 7535:The Renegade Coder 7329:reference counting 6360:(29 August 2000). 5995:Bini, Ola (2007). 5409:General Python FAQ 4989:Yukihiro Matsumoto 4587:notebook interface 4557:Libraries such as 4480:scripting language 4476: 4275:DeprecationWarning 4227:after its release. 4101:is a Python-based 3972:is a discontinued 3937:, except smaller). 3368:type/class in the 3278:Python provides a 3269:half-open interval 2765:immutable sequence 2567:types.EllipsisType 2433:Sequence of bytes 2313: 2230: 2097:lambda expressions 1768:"spam=blah eggs=2" 1709:sequence unpacking 1503:lambda expressions 1485:list comprehension 1394:and floating-point 1027: 1015: 824:tradition. It has 809:. It uses dynamic 803:reference counting 788:design by contract 727:exception handling 661:reference counting 637:exception handling 607: 500:Python Programming 246:variants and e.g. 141:/ 7 September 2024 32: 15792: 15791: 15712: 15711: 15518: 15517: 15492: 15491: 14967: 14966: 14867:Trusted Computing 14857:Software security 14805: 14804: 14486:Operating systems 14394:Long-term support 14316: 14315: 14078:Stephen Grossberg 14051: 14050: 13392: 13391: 13250: 13249: 13232:Non-English-based 12918: 12917: 12909:Python Conference 12635:978-1-4920-5632-4 12614:978-0-321-68056-3 12595:978-0-596-15806-4 12551:978-0-521-72596-5 12525:978-0-13-604259-4 12494:. Pypi.python.org 12302:. Chris Lattner. 11730:on 19 March 2008. 11076:. 20 March 2013. 10852:978-1-4493-5936-2 10547:"Python Buildbot" 10052:opensource.google 10024:. 10 April 2020. 9746:. 29 April 2010. 9298:www.vmspython.org 9264:"Download Python" 9059:www.enthought.com 9038:. 17 March 2024. 8382:978-1-59327-966-0 7880:978-0-262-52962-4 7608:978-0-596-00797-3 7504:Python Simplified 6358:van Rossum, Guido 6032:. Chris Lattner. 6014:978-1-59059-881-8 5900:. February 2012. 4871:XO, developed at 4867:software for the 4829:installer, while 4788:Google App Engine 4770:uses Python as a 4690:software such as 4542:can be used as a 4284:typing.NamedTuple 4270:to the language. 4212:in January 2017. 4125:Python 2 to 3145:In Python terms, 3032:4 % -3 == -2 2996: 2995: 2522:Associative array 2242:dynamically typed 807:memory management 792:logic programming 611:History of Python 538:garbage-collected 534:dynamically typed 508: 507: 205:; 64- and 32-bit 162:Typing discipline 16:(Redirected from 15902: 15840:Dutch inventions 15694: 15693: 15545: 15538: 15531: 15522: 15521: 15224: 15223: 14994: 14987: 14980: 14971: 14970: 14957: 14956: 14947: 14852:Software patents 14735: 14734: 14647:Creative Commons 14506:Web applications 14343: 14336: 14329: 14320: 14319: 14306:Machine learning 14296: 14295: 14276: 14031:Action selection 14021:Self-driving car 13828:Stable Diffusion 13793:Speech synthesis 13758: 13757: 13622:Machine learning 13498:Gradient descent 13419: 13412: 13405: 13396: 13395: 13277: 13270: 13263: 13254: 13253: 13240: 13239: 13212: 13211: 12945: 12938: 12931: 12922: 12921: 12885:Guido van Rossum 12798: 12773:Stackless Python 12697: 12688: 12681: 12674: 12665: 12664: 12660: 12655: 12654: 12652:Official website 12639: 12618: 12599: 12580: 12578: 12576: 12567:. Archived from 12555: 12529: 12503: 12501: 12499: 12487: 12485: 12483: 12478:on 26 March 2012 12462: 12460: 12458: 12434: 12433: 12431: 12429: 12410: 12404: 12403: 12401: 12399: 12383: 12377: 12376: 12374: 12372: 12352: 12346: 12345: 12343: 12341: 12326: 12320: 12319: 12313: 12311: 12292: 12286: 12285: 12283: 12281: 12266: 12260: 12259: 12254: 12252: 12232: 12226: 12225: 12223: 12221: 12201: 12195: 12194: 12188: 12186: 12175:docs.modular.com 12167: 12161: 12160: 12158: 12156: 12147:. Archived from 12140: 12134: 12133: 12131: 12129: 12109: 12103: 12102: 12100: 12098: 12079: 12073: 12072: 12070: 12068: 12053: 12047: 12046: 12044: 12042: 12022: 12016: 12015: 12013: 12011: 12000:boo.codehaus.org 11992: 11986: 11985: 11983: 11981: 11958: 11952: 11951: 11949: 11947: 11936:"What is Sugar?" 11932: 11926: 11925: 11923: 11921: 11902: 11896: 11895: 11890:. Archived from 11884: 11878: 11877: 11875: 11873: 11858: 11852: 11851: 11850:on 15 July 2010. 11846:. 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Archived from 11720: 11714: 11713: 11711: 11709: 11694: 11688: 11687: 11685: 11683: 11668: 11662: 11661: 11659: 11657: 11642: 11636: 11633: 11627: 11626: 11624: 11622: 11607: 11601: 11598: 11592: 11591: 11589: 11587: 11568: 11562: 11561: 11551: 11536:Machine Learning 11527: 11521: 11520: 11518: 11516: 11493: 11487: 11486: 11484: 11482: 11471:scikit-learn.org 11463: 11457: 11456: 11454: 11452: 11432: 11426: 11425: 11423: 11421: 11415: 11404: 11392: 11386: 11385: 11383: 11381: 11362: 11356: 11355: 11354: 11352: 11335: 11329: 11328: 11326: 11324: 11284: 11278: 11277: 11275: 11273: 11239: 11207: 11201: 11200: 11198: 11196: 11181: 11175: 11174: 11173: 11171: 11154: 11148: 11147: 11145: 11143: 11123: 11117: 11116: 11114: 11112: 11096: 11090: 11089: 11087: 11085: 11066: 11060: 11059: 11057: 11055: 11040: 11034: 11033: 11031: 11029: 11010: 11004: 11003: 11001: 10999: 10983: 10977: 10976: 10974: 10972: 10953: 10947: 10946: 10944: 10942: 10927: 10921: 10920: 10918: 10916: 10901: 10895: 10894: 10892: 10890: 10870: 10864: 10863: 10861: 10859: 10836: 10830: 10829: 10827: 10825: 10797: 10791: 10790: 10788: 10786: 10758: 10752: 10751: 10749: 10747: 10726: 10720: 10719: 10717: 10715: 10696: 10687: 10686: 10684: 10682: 10663: 10657: 10656: 10654: 10652: 10633: 10627: 10626: 10624: 10622: 10603: 10597: 10596: 10594: 10592: 10573: 10567: 10566: 10564: 10562: 10543: 10537: 10536: 10534: 10532: 10512: 10503: 10502: 10500: 10498: 10482: 10476: 10475: 10473: 10471: 10452: 10446: 10445: 10443: 10441: 10422: 10416: 10415: 10413: 10411: 10391: 10385: 10384: 10382: 10380: 10361: 10355: 10354: 10352: 10350: 10335: 10329: 10328: 10326: 10324: 10304: 10298: 10297: 10295: 10293: 10274: 10268: 10267: 10265: 10263: 10243: 10234: 10233: 10231: 10229: 10214: 10208: 10207: 10197: 10181: 10175: 10174: 10172: 10170: 10151: 10145: 10144: 10129: 10123: 10122: 10105: 10099: 10098: 10096: 10094: 10074: 10068: 10067: 10065: 10063: 10044: 10038: 10037: 10035: 10033: 10018: 10012: 10011: 10009: 10007: 9992: 9986: 9985: 9975: 9943: 9937: 9936: 9934: 9932: 9913: 9907: 9906: 9904: 9902: 9882: 9876: 9875: 9873: 9871: 9856: 9850: 9849: 9847: 9845: 9826: 9820: 9819: 9817: 9815: 9796: 9790: 9789: 9787: 9785: 9766: 9760: 9759: 9757: 9755: 9736: 9730: 9729: 9727: 9725: 9706: 9700: 9699: 9697: 9695: 9689: 9682: 9673: 9667: 9666: 9664: 9662: 9642: 9636: 9635: 9633: 9631: 9611: 9605: 9604: 9602: 9600: 9580: 9574: 9573: 9571: 9569: 9548: 9542: 9541: 9539: 9537: 9515: 9509: 9508: 9506: 9504: 9489:"Python-for-EV3" 9485: 9479: 9478: 9476: 9474: 9465:. Doc.pypy.org. 9459: 9453: 9452: 9450: 9448: 9433: 9427: 9426: 9424: 9422: 9402: 9396: 9395: 9393: 9391: 9376: 9370: 9369: 9367: 9365: 9346: 9340: 9339: 9337: 9335: 9320: 9314: 9313: 9311: 9309: 9290: 9284: 9283: 9281: 9279: 9260: 9254: 9253: 9251: 9249: 9230: 9224: 9223: 9221: 9219: 9213: 9206: 9198: 9192: 9191: 9189: 9187: 9172: 9166: 9165: 9163: 9161: 9141: 9135: 9134: 9132: 9130: 9111: 9105: 9104: 9102: 9100: 9081: 9075: 9074: 9072: 9070: 9061:. Archived from 9050: 9044: 9043: 9028: 9022: 9021: 9019: 9017: 8997: 8991: 8990: 8988: 8986: 8966: 8960: 8959: 8957: 8955: 8949: 8942: 8933: 8927: 8926: 8924: 8922: 8913:. 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Archived from 7721: 7715: 7714: 7712: 7710: 7691: 7685: 7684: 7679: 7677: 7671: 7664: 7656: 7647: 7646: 7635:"Python Culture" 7631: 7625: 7624: 7622: 7620: 7588: 7582: 7581: 7579: 7577: 7557: 7551: 7550: 7548: 7546: 7526: 7520: 7519: 7517: 7515: 7495: 7489: 7488: 7486: 7484: 7465: 7459: 7458: 7456: 7454: 7434: 7428: 7427: 7425: 7423: 7403: 7394: 7393: 7391: 7389: 7374: 7368: 7367: 7365: 7363: 7343: 7334: 7333: 7326: 7322: 7316: 7314: 7299: 7293: 7292: 7290: 7288: 7273: 7267: 7266: 7264: 7262: 7247: 7241: 7240: 7238: 7236: 7221: 7215: 7214: 7212: 7210: 7191: 7185: 7184: 7182: 7180: 7174: 7168:. Archived from 7167: 7158: 7152: 7151: 7140: 7134: 7133: 7131: 7129: 7114: 7108: 7107: 7105: 7103: 7089: 7083: 7082: 7080: 7078: 7069:. 23 July 2024. 7059: 7053: 7052: 7050: 7048: 7033: 7027: 7026: 7023:"Built-in Types" 7019: 7013: 7012: 7010: 7008: 6993:"CVE-2020-10735" 6989: 6983: 6982: 6980: 6978: 6958: 6952: 6951: 6949: 6947: 6927: 6921: 6920: 6918: 6916: 6896: 6890: 6889: 6887: 6885: 6865: 6859: 6858: 6856: 6854: 6839:"CVE-2021-23336" 6835: 6829: 6828: 6826: 6824: 6805: 6799: 6798: 6796: 6794: 6775: 6769: 6768: 6766: 6764: 6744: 6738: 6737: 6735: 6733: 6714: 6708: 6707: 6705: 6703: 6684: 6678: 6677: 6675: 6673: 6654: 6648: 6647: 6645: 6643: 6624: 6618: 6617: 6615: 6613: 6594: 6588: 6587: 6585: 6583: 6564: 6558: 6557: 6555: 6553: 6533: 6527: 6526: 6524: 6522: 6506: 6500: 6499: 6497: 6495: 6476: 6470: 6469: 6467: 6465: 6450: 6444: 6443: 6441: 6439: 6419: 6413: 6412: 6410: 6408: 6388: 6382: 6381: 6379: 6377: 6368:(Mailing list). 6354: 6348: 6347: 6345: 6343: 6332:Artima Developer 6323: 6314: 6313: 6311: 6309: 6290: 6284: 6282: 6277: 6275: 6260: 6251: 6250: 6248: 6246: 6227: 6221: 6220: 6218: 6216: 6197: 6191: 6190: 6188: 6186: 6166: 6160: 6159: 6157: 6155: 6135: 6129: 6128: 6126: 6124: 6105: 6099: 6097: 6095: 6093: 6078: 6072: 6071: 6070:on 23 June 2012. 6069: 6056: 6050: 6049: 6043: 6041: 6025: 6019: 6018: 6002: 5992: 5986: 5985: 5983: 5981: 5957: 5951: 5950: 5948: 5946: 5926: 5917: 5916: 5911: 5909: 5890: 5881: 5880: 5878: 5876: 5856: 5850: 5849: 5847: 5845: 5826: 5820: 5819: 5817: 5815: 5804:coffeescript.org 5796: 5790: 5789: 5784: 5782: 5763: 5757: 5756: 5751: 5749: 5730: 5724: 5723: 5721: 5719: 5699: 5693: 5692: 5687: 5685: 5668:Kuchling, A. M. 5665: 5659: 5658: 5653: 5651: 5635: 5629: 5628: 5623: 5621: 5606:"Call By Object" 5604:Lundh, Fredrik. 5601: 5595: 5594: 5589: 5587: 5568: 5559: 5558: 5553: 5537: 5531: 5530: 5525: 5523: 5504: 5493: 5492: 5486: 5484: 5475:. Archived from 5464: 5455: 5454: 5452: 5450: 5435: 5429: 5428: 5422: 5420: 5401: 5392: 5391: 5389: 5387: 5372: 5366: 5365: 5363: 5361: 5345: 5339: 5338: 5336: 5334: 5315: 5309: 5308: 5306: 5304: 5285: 5279: 5278: 5276: 5274: 5255: 5249: 5248: 5246: 5244: 5230: 5224: 5223: 5221: 5219: 5205: 5199: 5198: 5196: 5194: 5175: 5166: 5165: 5163: 5161: 5142: 5136: 5135: 5133: 5131: 5116: 5110: 5109: 5107: 5105: 5091: 5050: 5045: 5044: 5043: 5036: 5031: 5030: 4911:Acknowledgements 4813:(as a package), 4756:musical notation 4623:image processing 4492:Apache webserver 4484:web applications 4318:, among others. 4285: 4280: 4276: 4268:pattern matching 4265: 3931:single-precision 3891:microcontrollers 3869:Stackless Python 3806:or C++. CPython 3645:Machine learning 3640:Image processing 3597: 3571:, connecting to 3549: 3546: 3543: 3540: 3537: 3534: 3531: 3528: 3525: 3522: 3519: 3516: 3513: 3510: 3507: 3504: 3501: 3498: 3495: 3492: 3489: 3486: 3483: 3480: 3477: 3474: 3471: 3468: 3465: 3462: 3459: 3456: 3453: 3450: 3447: 3444: 3441: 3438: 3435: 3421: 3418: 3415: 3412: 3386:rational numbers 3383: 3379: 3372:module provides 3371: 3367: 3356: 3352: 3348: 3344: 3340: 3336: 3332: 3325: 3321: 3317: 3313: 3305: 3301: 3297: 3281: 3274: 3266: 3262: 3258: 3257: 3254: 3251: 3248: 3245: 3242: 3239: 3236: 3233: 3230: 3227: 3224: 3221: 3216: 3215: 3212: 3209: 3206: 3203: 3200: 3197: 3194: 3191: 3188: 3185: 3182: 3179: 3170:classic division 3167: 3160: 3148: 3140: 3139: 3136: 3133: 3130: 3125: 3121: 3117: 3113: 3109: 3102: 3101: 3098: 3095: 3092: 3089: 3084: 3069: 3065: 3058:, the operators 3056:precedence rules 3053: 3049: 3045: 3037: 3033: 3029: 3025:modulo operation 3022: 3018: 3014: 3010: 3006: 2992: 2991: 2986: 2985: 2982: 2979: 2974: 2973: 2970: 2967: 2964: 2963:'string' 2961: 2958: 2955: 2943: 2934: 2931: 2928: 2921: 2918: 2915: 2910: 2909: 2904: 2903: 2895:character string 2887: 2880: 2879: 2876: 2871: 2870: 2867: 2864: 2861: 2860:'string' 2858: 2855: 2852: 2836: 2829: 2828: 2825: 2822: 2819: 2816: 2813: 2810: 2807: 2804: 2801: 2796: 2795: 2792: 2789: 2786: 2783: 2780: 2777: 2770: 2757: 2750: 2749: 2733: 2726: 2725: 2709: 2702: 2699: 2686: 2679: 2678: 2663: 2656: 2655: 2654: 2651: 2634: 2626: 2625: 2609:Double-precision 2602: 2595: 2594: 2589: 2588: 2568: 2561: 2560: 2555: 2554: 2551: 2548: 2545: 2542: 2539: 2536: 2533: 2530: 2515: 2508: 2507: 2504: 2501: 2498: 2493: 2492: 2489: 2486: 2483: 2468: 2461: 2460: 2457: 2452: 2451: 2448: 2443: 2442: 2439: 2427: 2420: 2419: 2416: 2411: 2410: 2407: 2404: 2401: 2398: 2393: 2392: 2389: 2386: 2383: 2380: 2365: 2358: 2357: 2352: 2351: 2337: 2330:Syntax examples 2316: 2312: 2306:Python supports 2287: 2280: 2279: 2276: 2271: 2270: 2267: 2191: 2183: 2177: 2176: 2173: 2170: 2167: 2164: 2161: 2158: 2155: 2146: 2145: 2142: 2139: 2136: 2133: 2130: 2110: 2109: 2106: 2103: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2075: 2072:expressions vs. 2065: 2034: 2033: 2008: 2007: 2002: 2001: 1996: 1975: 1963: 1937:escape character 1934: 1912: 1908: 1907: 1904: 1901: 1896: 1892: 1891: 1890:"eggs" 1888: 1885: 1884:"spam" 1873: 1872: 1869: 1866: 1863: 1860: 1857: 1854: 1851: 1848: 1845: 1842: 1839: 1836: 1833: 1830: 1827: 1826:"blah" 1824: 1821: 1816: 1815: 1812: 1809: 1806: 1805:"blah" 1803: 1800: 1797: 1794: 1791: 1788: 1785: 1782: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1764: 1761: 1758: 1755: 1754:"blah" 1752: 1749: 1746: 1743: 1740: 1737: 1734: 1729: 1723: 1707:Python features 1703: 1699: 1695: 1694: 1691: 1688: 1685: 1682: 1679: 1676: 1673: 1670: 1667: 1664: 1659: 1658: 1655: 1652: 1649: 1646: 1643: 1640: 1636:first evaluates 1635: 1634: 1631: 1628: 1625: 1622: 1619: 1616: 1613: 1610: 1605: 1604: 1601: 1598: 1595: 1592: 1589: 1586: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1572: 1569: 1566: 1563: 1560: 1557: 1554: 1545: 1531: 1525: 1524: 1521: 1518: 1515: 1512: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1463: 1462: 1459: 1456: 1453: 1450: 1445: 1441: 1434: 1419: 1412: 1408: 1405:Python uses the 1401: 1397: 1393: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1339:optimization or 1330:statically-typed 1328:—in contrast to 1307: 1298:switch statement 1295: 1291: 1284: 1280: 1271: 1257: 1250: 1237: 1230: 1223: 1216: 1195: 1179: 1168: 1161: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1133: 1120: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1095: 961:dynamic language 855: 851: 835: 831: 827: 732: 723:pattern matching 720: 716: 712: 674: 617:Guido van Rossum 599:Guido van Rossum 583:machine learning 568:Guido van Rossum 562:standard library 525:with the use of 523:code readability 498: 411: 311:Stackless Python 289: 277:.pyi, .pyc, .pyd 275:.py, .pyw, .pyz, 151: 149: 148:7 September 2024 144: 140: 120: 118: 113: 89:Guido van Rossum 84:Designed by 42: 35: 31: 21: 15910: 15909: 15905: 15904: 15903: 15901: 15900: 15899: 15795: 15794: 15793: 15788: 15773: 15708: 15692: 15554: 15549: 15519: 15514: 15488: 15453: 15444:The Unscrambler 15349: 15246:GraphPad InStat 15213: 15175: 15161:SOFA Statistics 15036: 15003: 14998: 14968: 14963: 14935: 14902:Open-core model 14877: 14871: 14801: 14739: 14733: 14603: 14580: 14542: 14425: 14418: 14352: 14347: 14317: 14312: 14264: 14178: 14144:Google DeepMind 14122: 14088:Geoffrey Hinton 14047: 13984: 13910:Project Debater 13856: 13754:Implementations 13749: 13703: 13667: 13610: 13552:Backpropagation 13486: 13472:Tensor calculus 13426: 13423: 13393: 13388: 13289: 13281: 13251: 13246: 13200: 12977: 12954: 12949: 12919: 12914: 12889: 12871: 12850: 12799: 12790: 12778:Unladen Swallow 12705:Implementations 12699: 12695: 12692: 12650: 12649: 12646: 12636: 12615: 12596: 12586:Learning Python 12574: 12572: 12552: 12536: 12534:Further reading 12526: 12497: 12495: 12490: 12481: 12479: 12456: 12454: 12445: 12442: 12437: 12427: 12425: 12412: 12411: 12407: 12397: 12395: 12384: 12380: 12370: 12368: 12353: 12349: 12339: 12337: 12327: 12323: 12309: 12307: 12298:(3 June 2014). 12293: 12289: 12279: 12277: 12268: 12267: 12263: 12250: 12248: 12233: 12229: 12219: 12217: 12202: 12198: 12184: 12182: 12169: 12168: 12164: 12154: 12152: 12151:on 5 April 2007 12141: 12137: 12127: 12125: 12110: 12106: 12096: 12094: 12081: 12080: 12076: 12066: 12064: 12055: 12054: 12050: 12040: 12038: 12023: 12019: 12009: 12007: 11994: 11993: 11989: 11979: 11977: 11966:LibreOffice.org 11960: 11959: 11955: 11945: 11943: 11934: 11933: 11929: 11919: 11917: 11906:"Core Security" 11904: 11903: 11899: 11886: 11885: 11881: 11871: 11869: 11860: 11859: 11855: 11838: 11837: 11833: 11807: 11803: 11790: 11788: 11769: 11765: 11755: 11753: 11740: 11739: 11735: 11722: 11721: 11717: 11707: 11705: 11704:on 17 July 2013 11696: 11695: 11691: 11681: 11679: 11674:. 3 June 2020. 11670: 11669: 11665: 11655: 11653: 11644: 11643: 11639: 11634: 11630: 11620: 11618: 11609: 11608: 11604: 11599: 11595: 11585: 11583: 11570: 11569: 11565: 11528: 11524: 11514: 11512: 11494: 11490: 11480: 11478: 11465: 11464: 11460: 11450: 11448: 11433: 11429: 11419: 11417: 11413: 11402: 11393: 11389: 11379: 11377: 11370:docs.opencv.org 11364: 11363: 11359: 11350: 11348: 11347:on 15 June 2020 11337: 11336: 11332: 11322: 11320: 11285: 11281: 11271: 11269: 11237:10.1.1.474.6460 11208: 11204: 11194: 11192: 11183: 11182: 11178: 11169: 11167: 11156: 11155: 11151: 11141: 11139: 11124: 11120: 11110: 11108: 11097: 11093: 11083: 11081: 11068: 11067: 11063: 11053: 11051: 11042: 11041: 11037: 11027: 11025: 11012: 11011: 11007: 10997: 10995: 10984: 10980: 10970: 10968: 10955: 10954: 10950: 10940: 10938: 10929: 10928: 10924: 10914: 10912: 10903: 10902: 10898: 10888: 10886: 10871: 10867: 10857: 10855: 10853: 10837: 10833: 10823: 10821: 10814: 10798: 10794: 10784: 10782: 10775: 10759: 10755: 10745: 10743: 10728: 10727: 10723: 10713: 10711: 10698: 10697: 10690: 10680: 10678: 10665: 10664: 10660: 10650: 10648: 10635: 10634: 10630: 10620: 10618: 10605: 10604: 10600: 10590: 10588: 10581:docs.python.org 10575: 10574: 10570: 10560: 10558: 10545: 10544: 10540: 10530: 10528: 10513: 10506: 10496: 10494: 10483: 10479: 10469: 10467: 10454: 10453: 10449: 10439: 10437: 10424: 10423: 10419: 10409: 10407: 10392: 10388: 10378: 10376: 10363: 10362: 10358: 10348: 10346: 10337: 10336: 10332: 10322: 10320: 10307:Cannon, Brett. 10305: 10301: 10291: 10289: 10276: 10275: 10271: 10261: 10259: 10244: 10237: 10227: 10225: 10216: 10215: 10211: 10182: 10178: 10168: 10166: 10153: 10152: 10148: 10131: 10130: 10126: 10107: 10106: 10102: 10092: 10090: 10075: 10071: 10061: 10059: 10046: 10045: 10041: 10031: 10029: 10022:"google/grumpy" 10020: 10019: 10015: 10005: 10003: 9994: 9993: 9989: 9944: 9940: 9930: 9928: 9915: 9914: 9910: 9900: 9898: 9883: 9879: 9869: 9867: 9858: 9857: 9853: 9843: 9841: 9828: 9827: 9823: 9813: 9811: 9798: 9797: 9793: 9783: 9781: 9768: 9767: 9763: 9753: 9751: 9738: 9737: 9733: 9723: 9721: 9708: 9707: 9703: 9693: 9691: 9687: 9680: 9674: 9670: 9660: 9658: 9643: 9639: 9629: 9627: 9612: 9608: 9598: 9596: 9581: 9577: 9567: 9565: 9550: 9549: 9545: 9535: 9533: 9516: 9512: 9502: 9500: 9487: 9486: 9482: 9472: 9470: 9461: 9460: 9456: 9446: 9444: 9435: 9434: 9430: 9420: 9418: 9403: 9399: 9389: 9387: 9378: 9377: 9373: 9363: 9361: 9348: 9347: 9343: 9333: 9331: 9326:. Oreilly.com. 9322: 9321: 9317: 9307: 9305: 9292: 9291: 9287: 9277: 9275: 9262: 9261: 9257: 9247: 9245: 9238:docs.python.org 9232: 9231: 9227: 9217: 9215: 9211: 9204: 9200: 9199: 9195: 9185: 9183: 9174: 9173: 9169: 9159: 9157: 9142: 9138: 9128: 9126: 9119:docs.python.org 9113: 9112: 9108: 9098: 9096: 9089:peps.python.org 9083: 9082: 9078: 9068: 9066: 9065:on 15 July 2017 9051: 9047: 9030: 9029: 9025: 9015: 9013: 8998: 8994: 8984: 8982: 8967: 8963: 8953: 8951: 8947: 8940: 8934: 8930: 8920: 8918: 8905: 8904: 8900: 8890: 8888: 8875: 8874: 8870: 8860: 8858: 8843: 8836: 8819: 8815: 8808: 8786: 8782: 8773: 8771: 8758: 8757: 8753: 8744: 8742: 8729: 8728: 8724: 8714: 8712: 8703: 8702: 8698: 8688: 8686: 8671: 8664: 8654: 8652: 8639: 8638: 8634: 8624: 8622: 8613: 8612: 8608: 8598: 8596: 8581: 8577: 8564: 8562: 8555:docs.python.org 8549: 8548: 8544: 8534: 8532: 8519: 8518: 8514: 8504: 8502: 8493: 8492: 8488: 8478: 8476: 8463: 8462: 8458: 8448: 8446: 8439:peps.python.org 8433: 8432: 8428: 8418: 8416: 8407: 8406: 8402: 8392: 8390: 8383: 8367: 8363: 8353: 8351: 8338: 8337: 8333: 8323: 8321: 8308: 8307: 8300: 8290: 8288: 8275: 8274: 8270: 8260: 8258: 8245: 8244: 8240: 8230: 8228: 8213: 8209: 8199: 8197: 8188: 8187: 8183: 8173: 8171: 8158: 8157: 8153: 8143: 8141: 8128: 8127: 8123: 8113: 8111: 8098: 8097: 8093: 8083: 8081: 8072: 8071: 8067: 8057: 8055: 8040: 8036: 8026: 8024: 8009: 8005: 7995: 7993: 7982: 7978: 7968: 7966: 7953: 7952: 7948: 7938: 7936: 7929:docs.python.org 7923: 7922: 7918: 7908: 7906: 7893: 7892: 7888: 7881: 7867: 7863: 7853: 7851: 7842: 7841: 7837: 7827: 7825: 7812: 7811: 7807: 7797: 7795: 7782: 7781: 7777: 7764: 7762: 7755:docs.python.org 7749: 7748: 7744: 7734: 7732: 7723: 7722: 7718: 7708: 7706: 7693: 7692: 7688: 7675: 7673: 7669: 7662: 7658: 7657: 7650: 7633: 7632: 7628: 7618: 7616: 7609: 7601:. p. 230. 7589: 7585: 7575: 7573: 7558: 7554: 7544: 7542: 7527: 7523: 7513: 7511: 7496: 7492: 7482: 7480: 7467: 7466: 7462: 7452: 7450: 7443:Learning Python 7435: 7431: 7421: 7419: 7404: 7397: 7387: 7385: 7376: 7375: 7371: 7361: 7359: 7344: 7337: 7324: 7320: 7312: 7310: 7301: 7300: 7296: 7286: 7284: 7275: 7274: 7270: 7260: 7258: 7249: 7248: 7244: 7234: 7232: 7223: 7222: 7218: 7208: 7206: 7193: 7192: 7188: 7178: 7176: 7172: 7165: 7159: 7155: 7142: 7141: 7137: 7127: 7125: 7115: 7111: 7101: 7099: 7091: 7090: 7086: 7076: 7074: 7061: 7060: 7056: 7046: 7044: 7034: 7030: 7021: 7020: 7016: 7006: 7004: 6991: 6990: 6986: 6976: 6974: 6959: 6955: 6945: 6943: 6928: 6924: 6914: 6912: 6897: 6893: 6883: 6881: 6866: 6862: 6852: 6850: 6837: 6836: 6832: 6822: 6820: 6809:"CVE-2021-3177" 6807: 6806: 6802: 6792: 6790: 6779:"CVE-2021-3177" 6777: 6776: 6772: 6762: 6760: 6745: 6741: 6731: 6729: 6716: 6715: 6711: 6701: 6699: 6686: 6685: 6681: 6671: 6669: 6656: 6655: 6651: 6641: 6639: 6626: 6625: 6621: 6611: 6609: 6596: 6595: 6591: 6581: 6579: 6572:docs.python.org 6566: 6565: 6561: 6551: 6549: 6548:on 3 March 2016 6534: 6530: 6520: 6518: 6507: 6503: 6493: 6491: 6478: 6477: 6473: 6463: 6461: 6452: 6451: 6447: 6437: 6435: 6420: 6416: 6406: 6404: 6389: 6385: 6375: 6373: 6355: 6351: 6341: 6339: 6324: 6317: 6307: 6305: 6292: 6291: 6287: 6273: 6271: 6262: 6261: 6254: 6244: 6242: 6229: 6228: 6224: 6214: 6212: 6199: 6198: 6194: 6184: 6182: 6167: 6163: 6153: 6151: 6136: 6132: 6122: 6120: 6107: 6106: 6102: 6091: 6089: 6080: 6079: 6075: 6067: 6059:Kuhlman, Dave. 6057: 6053: 6039: 6037: 6026: 6022: 6015: 5993: 5989: 5979: 5977: 5958: 5954: 5944: 5942: 5927: 5920: 5907: 5905: 5892: 5891: 5884: 5874: 5872: 5857: 5853: 5843: 5841: 5828: 5827: 5823: 5813: 5811: 5798: 5797: 5793: 5780: 5778: 5771:docs.python.org 5765: 5764: 5760: 5747: 5745: 5732: 5731: 5727: 5717: 5715: 5700: 5696: 5683: 5681: 5666: 5662: 5649: 5647: 5636: 5632: 5619: 5617: 5602: 5598: 5585: 5583: 5570: 5569: 5562: 5538: 5534: 5521: 5519: 5512:docs.python.org 5506: 5505: 5496: 5482: 5480: 5465: 5458: 5448: 5446: 5437: 5436: 5432: 5418: 5416: 5403: 5402: 5395: 5385: 5383: 5374: 5373: 5369: 5359: 5357: 5346: 5342: 5332: 5330: 5323:docs.python.org 5317: 5316: 5312: 5302: 5300: 5293:docs.python.org 5287: 5286: 5282: 5272: 5270: 5257: 5256: 5252: 5242: 5240: 5232: 5231: 5227: 5217: 5215: 5207: 5206: 5202: 5192: 5190: 5177: 5176: 5169: 5159: 5157: 5144: 5143: 5139: 5129: 5127: 5118: 5117: 5113: 5103: 5101: 5099:docs.python.org 5093: 5092: 5088: 5084: 5046: 5041: 5039: 5032: 5025: 5022: 4894: 4619:computer vision 4468: 4462: 4395: 4324: 4310:and its forks, 4292: 4283: 4278: 4274: 4263: 4179: 4166: 4016: 3952:Unladen Swallow 3944: 3855: 3816:virtual machine 3781: 3776: 3770: 3768:Implementations 3705: 3699: 3694: 3680:Text processing 3675:Test frameworks 3595: 3556: 3551: 3550: 3547: 3544: 3541: 3538: 3535: 3532: 3529: 3526: 3523: 3520: 3517: 3514: 3511: 3508: 3505: 3502: 3499: 3496: 3493: 3490: 3487: 3484: 3481: 3478: 3475: 3472: 3469: 3466: 3463: 3460: 3457: 3454: 3451: 3448: 3445: 3442: 3439: 3436: 3433: 3423: 3422: 3419: 3416: 3413: 3410: 3401: 3381: 3377: 3369: 3365: 3354: 3350: 3346: 3342: 3338: 3334: 3331:a < b < c 3330: 3323: 3319: 3315: 3311: 3303: 3299: 3295: 3279: 3272: 3264: 3260: 3255: 3252: 3249: 3246: 3243: 3240: 3237: 3234: 3231: 3228: 3225: 3222: 3219: 3213: 3210: 3207: 3204: 3201: 3198: 3195: 3192: 3189: 3186: 3183: 3180: 3177: 3165: 3163:floor division. 3158: 3146: 3137: 3134: 3131: 3128: 3124:-7.5//3 == -3.0 3123: 3119: 3115: 3111: 3107: 3099: 3096: 3093: 3090: 3087: 3082: 3067: 3063: 3051: 3047: 3043: 3035: 3034:). It also has 3031: 3027: 3020: 3016: 3012: 3008: 3004: 3001: 2989: 2987: 2983: 2980: 2977: 2975: 2971: 2968: 2965: 2962: 2959: 2956: 2953: 2941: 2936: 2935: 2932: 2929: 2926: 2923: 2922: 2919: 2916: 2913: 2907: 2905: 2901: 2885: 2877: 2874: 2872: 2868: 2865: 2862: 2859: 2856: 2853: 2850: 2834: 2826: 2823: 2820: 2817: 2814: 2811: 2808: 2805: 2802: 2799: 2797: 2793: 2790: 2787: 2784: 2781: 2778: 2775: 2768: 2755: 2747: 2731: 2723: 2707: 2700: 2684: 2676: 2661: 2652: 2649: 2647: 2632: 2623: 2600: 2592: 2590: 2586: 2566: 2558: 2556: 2552: 2549: 2546: 2543: 2540: 2537: 2534: 2531: 2528: 2513: 2505: 2502: 2499: 2496: 2494: 2490: 2487: 2484: 2481: 2466: 2458: 2455: 2453: 2449: 2446: 2444: 2440: 2437: 2425: 2417: 2414: 2412: 2408: 2405: 2402: 2399: 2396: 2394: 2390: 2387: 2384: 2381: 2378: 2363: 2355: 2353: 2349: 2335: 2285: 2277: 2274: 2268: 2265: 2222: 2189: 2179: 2174: 2171: 2168: 2165: 2162: 2159: 2156: 2153: 2149:syntactic sugar 2143: 2140: 2137: 2134: 2131: 2128: 2122:on objects are 2117: 2107: 2104: 2101: 2088: 2084: 2080: 2073: 2063: 2031: 2005: 1999: 1994: 1973: 1961: 1932: 1918:string literals 1910: 1905: 1902: 1899: 1894: 1889: 1886: 1883: 1870: 1867: 1864: 1861: 1858: 1855: 1852: 1849: 1846: 1843: 1840: 1837: 1834: 1831: 1828: 1825: 1822: 1819: 1813: 1810: 1807: 1804: 1801: 1798: 1795: 1792: 1789: 1786: 1783: 1780: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1762: 1759: 1756: 1753: 1750: 1747: 1744: 1741: 1738: 1735: 1732: 1725: 1721: 1701: 1697: 1692: 1689: 1686: 1683: 1680: 1677: 1674: 1671: 1668: 1665: 1662: 1660:, which yields 1656: 1653: 1650: 1647: 1644: 1641: 1638: 1632: 1629: 1626: 1623: 1620: 1617: 1614: 1611: 1608: 1602: 1599: 1596: 1593: 1590: 1587: 1584: 1579: 1575: 1570: 1567: 1564: 1561: 1558: 1555: 1552: 1527: 1522: 1519: 1516: 1513: 1510: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1460: 1457: 1454: 1451: 1448: 1443: 1439: 1432: 1417: 1410: 1406: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1364: 1305: 1293: 1289: 1282: 1276: 1269: 1255: 1246: 1235: 1228: 1221: 1212: 1191: 1177: 1166: 1159: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1138: 1129: 1116: 1109: 1105: 1099: 1093: 1078: 1054: 1048: 1007: 1001: 976:"foo" and "bar" 853: 849: 833: 829: 825: 811:name resolution 780:metaprogramming 760: 730: 718: 714: 710: 672: 657:cycle-detecting 613: 591: 554:object-oriented 407: 406: 393: 372: 296:implementations 285: 276: 253: 237: 235:Raspberry Pi OS 152: 147: 145: 142: 116: 114: 111: 57:object-oriented 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 15908: 15898: 15897: 15892: 15887: 15882: 15877: 15872: 15867: 15862: 15857: 15852: 15847: 15842: 15837: 15832: 15827: 15822: 15817: 15812: 15807: 15790: 15789: 15787: 15786: 15778: 15775: 15774: 15772: 15771: 15766: 15761: 15756: 15751: 15746: 15741: 15736: 15731: 15726: 15720: 15718: 15714: 15713: 15710: 15709: 15707: 15706: 15700: 15698: 15691: 15690: 15685: 15680: 15675: 15670: 15665: 15660: 15655: 15650: 15645: 15640: 15618: 15613: 15608: 15603: 15598: 15593: 15588: 15583: 15578: 15573: 15568: 15562: 15560: 15556: 15555: 15548: 15547: 15540: 15533: 15525: 15516: 15515: 15513: 15512: 15505: 15497: 15494: 15493: 15490: 15489: 15487: 15486: 15481: 15476: 15470: 15464: 15462: 15455: 15454: 15452: 15451: 15446: 15441: 15436: 15431: 15426: 15421: 15416: 15411: 15406: 15401: 15396: 15391: 15386: 15381: 15376: 15371: 15366: 15360: 15358: 15351: 15350: 15348: 15347: 15341: 15336: 15331: 15326: 15321: 15316: 15311: 15306: 15301: 15296: 15291: 15286: 15281: 15276: 15271: 15266: 15260: 15253: 15251:GraphPad Prism 15248: 15243: 15238: 15232: 15230: 15228:Cross-platform 15221: 15215: 15214: 15212: 15211: 15206: 15201: 15196: 15191: 15185: 15183: 15177: 15176: 15174: 15173: 15168: 15163: 15158: 15153: 15148: 15138: 15125:(statsmodels, 15120: 15115: 15110: 15105: 15100: 15082: 15077: 15072: 15067: 15062: 15057: 15052: 15046: 15044: 15038: 15037: 15035: 15034: 15029: 15024: 15019: 15013: 15011: 15005: 15004: 14997: 14996: 14989: 14982: 14974: 14965: 14964: 14962: 14961: 14951: 14940: 14937: 14936: 14934: 14933: 14926: 14919: 14914: 14909: 14904: 14899: 14894: 14887: 14881: 14879: 14873: 14872: 14870: 14869: 14864: 14859: 14854: 14849: 14844: 14839: 14834: 14829: 14824: 14819: 14813: 14811: 14807: 14806: 14803: 14802: 14800: 14799: 14794: 14789: 14784: 14779: 14774: 14769: 14764: 14759: 14754: 14749: 14743: 14741: 14732: 14731: 14726: 14721: 14716: 14711: 14706: 14701: 14696: 14691: 14686: 14681: 14680: 14679: 14674: 14669: 14659: 14654: 14649: 14644: 14639: 14634: 14629: 14624: 14619: 14613: 14611: 14605: 14604: 14602: 14601: 14596: 14590: 14588: 14582: 14581: 14579: 14578: 14573: 14568: 14563: 14558: 14552: 14550: 14544: 14543: 14541: 14540: 14535: 14530: 14525: 14520: 14515: 14514: 14513: 14503: 14498: 14493: 14488: 14483: 14478: 14473: 14468: 14467: 14466: 14461: 14451: 14446: 14441: 14439:Bioinformatics 14436: 14430: 14428: 14420: 14419: 14417: 14416: 14411: 14406: 14401: 14396: 14391: 14386: 14381: 14376: 14371: 14366: 14360: 14358: 14354: 14353: 14346: 14345: 14338: 14331: 14323: 14314: 14313: 14311: 14310: 14309: 14308: 14303: 14290: 14289: 14288: 14283: 14269: 14266: 14265: 14263: 14262: 14257: 14252: 14247: 14242: 14237: 14232: 14227: 14222: 14217: 14212: 14207: 14202: 14197: 14192: 14186: 14184: 14180: 14179: 14177: 14176: 14171: 14166: 14161: 14156: 14151: 14146: 14141: 14136: 14130: 14128: 14124: 14123: 14121: 14120: 14118:Ilya Sutskever 14115: 14110: 14105: 14100: 14095: 14090: 14085: 14083:Demis Hassabis 14080: 14075: 14073:Ian Goodfellow 14070: 14065: 14059: 14057: 14053: 14052: 14049: 14048: 14046: 14045: 14040: 14039: 14038: 14028: 14023: 14018: 14013: 14008: 14003: 13998: 13992: 13990: 13986: 13985: 13983: 13982: 13977: 13972: 13967: 13962: 13957: 13952: 13947: 13942: 13937: 13932: 13927: 13922: 13917: 13912: 13907: 13902: 13901: 13900: 13890: 13885: 13880: 13875: 13870: 13864: 13862: 13858: 13857: 13855: 13854: 13849: 13848: 13847: 13842: 13832: 13831: 13830: 13825: 13820: 13810: 13805: 13800: 13795: 13790: 13785: 13780: 13775: 13770: 13764: 13762: 13755: 13751: 13750: 13748: 13747: 13742: 13737: 13732: 13727: 13722: 13717: 13711: 13709: 13705: 13704: 13702: 13701: 13696: 13691: 13686: 13681: 13675: 13673: 13669: 13668: 13666: 13665: 13664: 13663: 13656:Language model 13653: 13648: 13643: 13642: 13641: 13631: 13630: 13629: 13618: 13616: 13612: 13611: 13609: 13608: 13606:Autoregression 13603: 13598: 13597: 13596: 13586: 13584:Regularization 13581: 13580: 13579: 13574: 13569: 13559: 13554: 13549: 13547:Loss functions 13544: 13539: 13534: 13529: 13524: 13523: 13522: 13512: 13507: 13506: 13505: 13494: 13492: 13488: 13487: 13485: 13484: 13482:Inductive bias 13479: 13474: 13469: 13464: 13459: 13454: 13449: 13444: 13436: 13434: 13428: 13427: 13422: 13421: 13414: 13407: 13399: 13390: 13389: 13387: 13386: 13378: 13373: 13368: 13363: 13358: 13353: 13348: 13343: 13338: 13333: 13328: 13323: 13318: 13313: 13308: 13303: 13298: 13294: 13291: 13290: 13287:web frameworks 13280: 13279: 13272: 13265: 13257: 13248: 13247: 13245: 13244: 13234: 13229: 13224: 13219: 13205: 13202: 13201: 13199: 13198: 13191: 13186: 13181: 13176: 13171: 13166: 13161: 13156: 13151: 13146: 13141: 13136: 13131: 13130: 13129: 13119: 13114: 13109: 13104: 13099: 13094: 13089: 13084: 13079: 13074: 13069: 13064: 13059: 13054: 13049: 13044: 13039: 13034: 13033: 13032: 13031: 13030: 13025: 13010: 13005: 13000: 12999: 12998: 12988: 12982: 12979: 12978: 12976: 12975: 12970: 12965: 12959: 12956: 12955: 12948: 12947: 12940: 12933: 12925: 12916: 12915: 12913: 12912: 12906: 12901: 12894: 12891: 12890: 12888: 12887: 12881: 12879: 12873: 12872: 12870: 12869: 12864: 12858: 12856: 12852: 12851: 12849: 12848: 12840: 12835: 12830: 12825: 12820: 12815: 12809: 12807: 12801: 12800: 12793: 12791: 12789: 12788: 12780: 12775: 12770: 12765: 12763:Python for S60 12760: 12755: 12750: 12745: 12740: 12735: 12730: 12725: 12720: 12715: 12709: 12707: 12701: 12700: 12691: 12690: 12683: 12676: 12668: 12662: 12661: 12645: 12644:External links 12642: 12641: 12640: 12634: 12619: 12613: 12600: 12594: 12581: 12556: 12550: 12535: 12532: 12531: 12530: 12524: 12504: 12488: 12468:"AI in Python" 12463: 12441: 12438: 12436: 12435: 12405: 12390:. erlang.org. 12378: 12347: 12321: 12296:Lattner, Chris 12287: 12261: 12227: 12196: 12162: 12135: 12104: 12074: 12048: 12017: 11987: 11953: 11938:. Sugar Labs. 11927: 11897: 11879: 11853: 11831: 11801: 11763: 11733: 11715: 11689: 11663: 11637: 11628: 11602: 11593: 11563: 11522: 11488: 11458: 11427: 11407:TensorFlow.org 11387: 11357: 11330: 11279: 11202: 11176: 11149: 11118: 11091: 11061: 11035: 11005: 10978: 10948: 10922: 10896: 10865: 10851: 10831: 10812: 10792: 10773: 10753: 10735:Stack Overflow 10721: 10688: 10658: 10628: 10598: 10568: 10538: 10504: 10477: 10447: 10417: 10386: 10356: 10330: 10319:on 1 June 2009 10299: 10269: 10235: 10209: 10176: 10159:www.jython.org 10146: 10137:ironpython.net 10124: 10100: 10069: 10039: 10013: 9987: 9938: 9908: 9877: 9851: 9821: 9804:transcrypt.org 9791: 9761: 9731: 9701: 9668: 9651:pythonbytes.fm 9637: 9606: 9575: 9543: 9510: 9493:LEGO Education 9480: 9454: 9428: 9397: 9371: 9341: 9315: 9285: 9255: 9225: 9193: 9167: 9136: 9106: 9076: 9045: 9023: 8992: 8961: 8928: 8917:on 31 May 2020 8898: 8868: 8834: 8813: 8806: 8780: 8751: 8722: 8696: 8662: 8632: 8606: 8575: 8542: 8521:"Introduction" 8512: 8486: 8456: 8426: 8400: 8381: 8361: 8331: 8298: 8268: 8238: 8207: 8181: 8151: 8121: 8091: 8076:. Python.org. 8065: 8034: 8003: 7976: 7946: 7916: 7886: 7879: 7861: 7835: 7805: 7775: 7742: 7731:on 11 May 2019 7716: 7686: 7648: 7626: 7607: 7599:O'Reilly Media 7583: 7552: 7521: 7490: 7475:. 3 May 2022. 7460: 7429: 7395: 7369: 7335: 7294: 7268: 7242: 7216: 7186: 7175:on 30 May 2009 7153: 7135: 7123:Python Insider 7109: 7084: 7067:endoflife.date 7054: 7028: 7014: 6984: 6967:Python Insider 6953: 6936:Python Insider 6922: 6905:Python Insider 6891: 6874:Python Insider 6860: 6830: 6800: 6770: 6739: 6709: 6679: 6649: 6619: 6589: 6559: 6528: 6501: 6471: 6445: 6414: 6383: 6349: 6315: 6298:pypl.github.io 6285: 6252: 6222: 6205:Stack Overflow 6192: 6175:Python Insider 6161: 6130: 6100: 6082:"About Python" 6073: 6051: 6020: 6013: 5987: 5952: 5918: 5882: 5851: 5834:www.2ality.com 5821: 5800:"CoffeeScript" 5791: 5758: 5725: 5694: 5660: 5630: 5596: 5560: 5551:10.1.1.38.2023 5532: 5494: 5456: 5430: 5393: 5367: 5340: 5310: 5280: 5250: 5225: 5200: 5167: 5137: 5111: 5085: 5083: 5080: 5079: 5078: 5073: 5068: 5063: 5058: 5052: 5051: 5037: 5021: 5018: 5005: 5004: 4998: 4992: 4982: 4976: 4966: 4960: 4950: 4944: 4934: 4920: 4914: 4904: 4893: 4890: 4772:pretty printer 4758:programs like 4752:Paint Shop Pro 4530:, Bottle, and 4500:Web frameworks 4474:Python Powered 4464:Main article: 4461: 4458: 4394: 4391: 4323: 4320: 4291: 4288: 4233: 4232: 4228: 4224: 4178: 4175: 4165: 4162: 4161: 4160: 4150: 4144: 4130: 4115: 4114: 4092: 4091: 4084: 4078: 4071: 4065: 4059: 4051: 4045: 4035: 4015: 4012: 4011: 4010: 3984: 3967: 3960:multithreading 3943: 3940: 3939: 3938: 3908: 3901: 3898: 3880: 3866: 3854: 3851: 3780: 3777: 3769: 3766: 3758:PythonAnywhere 3698: 3695: 3693: 3692: 3687: 3685:Web frameworks 3682: 3677: 3672: 3667: 3662: 3657: 3652: 3647: 3642: 3637: 3632: 3627: 3622: 3620:Data analytics 3617: 3611: 3555: 3552: 3432: 3409: 3400: 3397: 3333:tests whether 3143: 3142: 3104: 3040:exponentiation 3000: 2997: 2994: 2993: 2950: 2947: 2944: 2938: 2937: 2925: 2912: 2898: 2891: 2888: 2882: 2881: 2847: 2840: 2837: 2831: 2830: 2772: 2761: 2758: 2752: 2751: 2748:NotImplemented 2744: 2737: 2734: 2728: 2727: 2720: 2713: 2710: 2708:types.NoneType 2704: 2703: 2696: 2690: 2687: 2681: 2680: 2673: 2667: 2664: 2658: 2657: 2645: 2638: 2635: 2629: 2628: 2619: 2606: 2603: 2597: 2596: 2583: 2572: 2569: 2563: 2562: 2532:'key1' 2525: 2519: 2516: 2510: 2509: 2478: 2475:Complex number 2472: 2469: 2463: 2462: 2434: 2431: 2428: 2422: 2421: 2375: 2369: 2366: 2360: 2359: 2346: 2341: 2338: 2332: 2331: 2328: 2325: 2320: 2246:strongly typed 2221: 2218: 2210:dunder methods 2116: 2113: 2093: 2092: 2077: 2067: 2041: 2040: 2009:. Indexes are 1983: 1982: 1981: 1955: 1948:here documents 1944: 1914: 1875: 1774:method of the 1718: 1705: 1533: 1506: 1496: 1480: 1465: 1436: 1429: 1414: 1403: 1388:floor division 1363: 1360: 1326:dynamic typing 1302: 1301: 1286: 1273: 1266: 1252: 1243: 1232: 1225: 1218: 1209: 1188: 1174: 1163: 1156: 1135: 1126: 1113: 1096: 1077: 1074: 1062:curly brackets 1050:Main article: 1047: 1044: 1032:curly brackets 1003:Main article: 1000: 997: 893: 892: 889: 886: 883: 880: 799:dynamic typing 759: 756: 609:Main article: 590: 587: 548:(particularly 506: 505: 504: 503: 489: 488: 426: 425: 421: 420: 357: 356: 352: 351: 337: 336: 330: 329: 299: 298: 291: 290: 283: 279: 278: 273: 267: 266: 261: 255: 254: 252: 251: 220: 215:: E.g. 32-bit 210: 191: 189: 183: 182: 164: 158: 157: 154: 153: 134: 132: 130:Stable release 126: 125: 122: 121: 108: 104: 103: 98: 92: 91: 86: 80: 79: 53:Multi-paradigm 50: 44: 43: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 15907: 15896: 15893: 15891: 15888: 15886: 15883: 15881: 15878: 15876: 15873: 15871: 15868: 15866: 15863: 15861: 15858: 15856: 15853: 15851: 15848: 15846: 15843: 15841: 15838: 15836: 15833: 15831: 15828: 15826: 15823: 15821: 15818: 15816: 15813: 15811: 15808: 15806: 15803: 15802: 15800: 15785: 15784: 15780: 15779: 15776: 15770: 15767: 15765: 15762: 15760: 15757: 15755: 15752: 15750: 15747: 15745: 15742: 15740: 15737: 15735: 15732: 15730: 15727: 15725: 15722: 15721: 15719: 15715: 15705: 15702: 15701: 15699: 15695: 15689: 15686: 15684: 15681: 15679: 15676: 15674: 15671: 15669: 15666: 15664: 15661: 15659: 15656: 15654: 15651: 15649: 15646: 15644: 15641: 15638: 15634: 15630: 15626: 15622: 15619: 15617: 15614: 15612: 15609: 15607: 15604: 15602: 15599: 15597: 15594: 15592: 15589: 15587: 15584: 15582: 15579: 15577: 15574: 15572: 15569: 15567: 15564: 15563: 15561: 15557: 15553: 15546: 15541: 15539: 15534: 15532: 15527: 15526: 15523: 15511: 15510: 15506: 15504: 15503: 15499: 15498: 15495: 15485: 15482: 15480: 15477: 15474: 15471: 15469: 15466: 15465: 15463: 15460: 15456: 15450: 15447: 15445: 15442: 15440: 15437: 15435: 15432: 15430: 15427: 15425: 15422: 15420: 15417: 15415: 15412: 15410: 15407: 15405: 15402: 15400: 15397: 15395: 15392: 15390: 15387: 15385: 15382: 15380: 15377: 15375: 15372: 15370: 15367: 15365: 15362: 15361: 15359: 15356: 15352: 15345: 15342: 15340: 15337: 15335: 15332: 15330: 15327: 15325: 15322: 15320: 15317: 15315: 15312: 15310: 15307: 15305: 15302: 15300: 15297: 15295: 15292: 15290: 15287: 15285: 15282: 15280: 15277: 15275: 15272: 15270: 15267: 15265: 15261: 15258: 15254: 15252: 15249: 15247: 15244: 15242: 15239: 15237: 15234: 15233: 15231: 15229: 15225: 15222: 15220: 15216: 15210: 15207: 15205: 15202: 15200: 15197: 15195: 15192: 15190: 15187: 15186: 15184: 15182: 15178: 15172: 15169: 15167: 15164: 15162: 15159: 15157: 15154: 15152: 15149: 15146: 15142: 15139: 15136: 15132: 15128: 15124: 15121: 15119: 15116: 15114: 15111: 15109: 15106: 15104: 15101: 15098: 15094: 15090: 15086: 15083: 15081: 15078: 15076: 15073: 15071: 15068: 15066: 15063: 15061: 15058: 15056: 15053: 15051: 15048: 15047: 15045: 15043: 15039: 15033: 15030: 15028: 15025: 15023: 15020: 15018: 15015: 15014: 15012: 15010: 15009:Public domain 15006: 15002: 14995: 14990: 14988: 14983: 14981: 14976: 14975: 14972: 14960: 14952: 14950: 14946: 14942: 14941: 14938: 14932: 14931: 14930:Revolution OS 14927: 14925: 14924: 14920: 14918: 14915: 14913: 14910: 14908: 14905: 14903: 14900: 14898: 14895: 14893: 14892: 14891:GNU Manifesto 14888: 14886: 14883: 14882: 14880: 14874: 14868: 14865: 14863: 14860: 14858: 14855: 14853: 14850: 14848: 14845: 14843: 14840: 14838: 14835: 14833: 14830: 14828: 14825: 14823: 14820: 14818: 14815: 14814: 14812: 14808: 14798: 14797:Public domain 14795: 14793: 14790: 14788: 14785: 14783: 14780: 14778: 14775: 14773: 14770: 14768: 14765: 14763: 14760: 14758: 14755: 14753: 14750: 14748: 14745: 14744: 14742: 14736: 14730: 14727: 14725: 14722: 14720: 14717: 14715: 14712: 14710: 14707: 14705: 14702: 14700: 14697: 14695: 14692: 14690: 14687: 14685: 14682: 14678: 14675: 14673: 14670: 14668: 14665: 14664: 14663: 14660: 14658: 14655: 14653: 14650: 14648: 14645: 14643: 14640: 14638: 14635: 14633: 14630: 14628: 14625: 14623: 14620: 14618: 14615: 14614: 14612: 14610: 14606: 14600: 14597: 14595: 14592: 14591: 14589: 14587: 14586:Organisations 14583: 14577: 14574: 14572: 14569: 14567: 14564: 14562: 14559: 14557: 14554: 14553: 14551: 14549: 14545: 14539: 14536: 14534: 14531: 14529: 14526: 14524: 14521: 14519: 14516: 14512: 14509: 14508: 14507: 14504: 14502: 14499: 14497: 14494: 14492: 14489: 14487: 14484: 14482: 14481:Office suites 14479: 14477: 14474: 14472: 14469: 14465: 14462: 14460: 14457: 14456: 14455: 14452: 14450: 14447: 14445: 14442: 14440: 14437: 14435: 14432: 14431: 14429: 14427: 14421: 14415: 14412: 14410: 14407: 14405: 14402: 14400: 14397: 14395: 14392: 14390: 14387: 14385: 14382: 14380: 14379:Free software 14377: 14375: 14372: 14370: 14367: 14365: 14362: 14361: 14359: 14355: 14351: 14344: 14339: 14337: 14332: 14330: 14325: 14324: 14321: 14307: 14304: 14302: 14299: 14298: 14291: 14287: 14284: 14282: 14279: 14278: 14275: 14271: 14270: 14267: 14261: 14258: 14256: 14253: 14251: 14248: 14246: 14243: 14241: 14238: 14236: 14233: 14231: 14228: 14226: 14223: 14221: 14218: 14216: 14213: 14211: 14208: 14206: 14203: 14201: 14198: 14196: 14193: 14191: 14188: 14187: 14185: 14183:Architectures 14181: 14175: 14172: 14170: 14167: 14165: 14162: 14160: 14157: 14155: 14152: 14150: 14147: 14145: 14142: 14140: 14137: 14135: 14132: 14131: 14129: 14127:Organizations 14125: 14119: 14116: 14114: 14111: 14109: 14106: 14104: 14101: 14099: 14096: 14094: 14091: 14089: 14086: 14084: 14081: 14079: 14076: 14074: 14071: 14069: 14066: 14064: 14063:Yoshua Bengio 14061: 14060: 14058: 14054: 14044: 14043:Robot control 14041: 14037: 14034: 14033: 14032: 14029: 14027: 14024: 14022: 14019: 14017: 14014: 14012: 14009: 14007: 14004: 14002: 13999: 13997: 13994: 13993: 13991: 13987: 13981: 13978: 13976: 13973: 13971: 13968: 13966: 13963: 13961: 13960:Chinchilla AI 13958: 13956: 13953: 13951: 13948: 13946: 13943: 13941: 13938: 13936: 13933: 13931: 13928: 13926: 13923: 13921: 13918: 13916: 13913: 13911: 13908: 13906: 13903: 13899: 13896: 13895: 13894: 13891: 13889: 13886: 13884: 13881: 13879: 13876: 13874: 13871: 13869: 13866: 13865: 13863: 13859: 13853: 13850: 13846: 13843: 13841: 13838: 13837: 13836: 13833: 13829: 13826: 13824: 13821: 13819: 13816: 13815: 13814: 13811: 13809: 13806: 13804: 13801: 13799: 13796: 13794: 13791: 13789: 13786: 13784: 13781: 13779: 13776: 13774: 13771: 13769: 13766: 13765: 13763: 13759: 13756: 13752: 13746: 13743: 13741: 13738: 13736: 13733: 13731: 13728: 13726: 13723: 13721: 13718: 13716: 13713: 13712: 13710: 13706: 13700: 13697: 13695: 13692: 13690: 13687: 13685: 13682: 13680: 13677: 13676: 13674: 13670: 13662: 13659: 13658: 13657: 13654: 13652: 13649: 13647: 13644: 13640: 13639:Deep learning 13637: 13636: 13635: 13632: 13628: 13625: 13624: 13623: 13620: 13619: 13617: 13613: 13607: 13604: 13602: 13599: 13595: 13592: 13591: 13590: 13587: 13585: 13582: 13578: 13575: 13573: 13570: 13568: 13565: 13564: 13563: 13560: 13558: 13555: 13553: 13550: 13548: 13545: 13543: 13540: 13538: 13535: 13533: 13530: 13528: 13527:Hallucination 13525: 13521: 13518: 13517: 13516: 13513: 13511: 13508: 13504: 13501: 13500: 13499: 13496: 13495: 13493: 13489: 13483: 13480: 13478: 13475: 13473: 13470: 13468: 13465: 13463: 13460: 13458: 13455: 13453: 13450: 13448: 13445: 13443: 13442: 13438: 13437: 13435: 13433: 13429: 13420: 13415: 13413: 13408: 13406: 13401: 13400: 13397: 13384: 13383: 13379: 13377: 13374: 13372: 13369: 13367: 13364: 13362: 13359: 13357: 13354: 13352: 13349: 13347: 13344: 13342: 13339: 13337: 13334: 13332: 13329: 13327: 13324: 13322: 13319: 13317: 13314: 13312: 13309: 13307: 13304: 13302: 13299: 13296: 13295: 13292: 13288: 13285: 13278: 13273: 13271: 13266: 13264: 13259: 13258: 13255: 13243: 13235: 13233: 13230: 13228: 13225: 13223: 13220: 13218: 13215: 13207: 13206: 13203: 13197: 13196: 13192: 13190: 13187: 13185: 13182: 13180: 13177: 13175: 13172: 13170: 13167: 13165: 13162: 13160: 13157: 13155: 13152: 13150: 13147: 13145: 13142: 13140: 13137: 13135: 13132: 13128: 13127:Object Pascal 13125: 13124: 13123: 13120: 13118: 13115: 13113: 13110: 13108: 13105: 13103: 13100: 13098: 13095: 13093: 13090: 13088: 13085: 13083: 13080: 13078: 13075: 13073: 13070: 13068: 13065: 13063: 13060: 13058: 13055: 13053: 13050: 13048: 13045: 13043: 13040: 13038: 13035: 13029: 13026: 13024: 13021: 13020: 13019: 13016: 13015: 13014: 13011: 13009: 13006: 13004: 13001: 12997: 12994: 12993: 12992: 12989: 12987: 12984: 12983: 12980: 12974: 12971: 12969: 12966: 12964: 12961: 12960: 12957: 12953: 12946: 12941: 12939: 12934: 12932: 12927: 12926: 12923: 12910: 12907: 12905: 12902: 12899: 12896: 12895: 12892: 12886: 12883: 12882: 12880: 12878: 12874: 12868: 12865: 12863: 12860: 12859: 12857: 12853: 12847: 12845: 12841: 12839: 12836: 12834: 12831: 12829: 12826: 12824: 12821: 12819: 12816: 12814: 12811: 12810: 12808: 12806: 12802: 12797: 12787: 12785: 12781: 12779: 12776: 12774: 12771: 12769: 12766: 12764: 12761: 12759: 12756: 12754: 12751: 12749: 12746: 12744: 12741: 12739: 12736: 12734: 12731: 12729: 12726: 12724: 12721: 12719: 12716: 12714: 12713:CircuitPython 12711: 12710: 12708: 12706: 12702: 12698: 12689: 12684: 12682: 12677: 12675: 12670: 12669: 12666: 12659: 12653: 12648: 12647: 12637: 12631: 12627: 12626: 12625:Fluent Python 12620: 12616: 12610: 12606: 12601: 12597: 12591: 12587: 12582: 12570: 12566: 12565:Computerworld 12562: 12557: 12553: 12547: 12543: 12538: 12537: 12527: 12521: 12517: 12513: 12512:Norvig, Peter 12509: 12505: 12493: 12489: 12477: 12473: 12469: 12464: 12452: 12448: 12444: 12443: 12423: 12419: 12415: 12409: 12393: 12389: 12382: 12366: 12362: 12358: 12351: 12336: 12332: 12325: 12318: 12305: 12301: 12297: 12291: 12275: 12271: 12265: 12258: 12246: 12242: 12238: 12231: 12215: 12211: 12207: 12200: 12193: 12180: 12176: 12172: 12166: 12150: 12146: 12139: 12123: 12119: 12115: 12108: 12092: 12088: 12084: 12078: 12062: 12058: 12052: 12036: 12032: 12028: 12021: 12005: 12001: 11997: 11991: 11975: 11971: 11967: 11963: 11957: 11941: 11937: 11931: 11915: 11911: 11910:Core Security 11907: 11901: 11893: 11889: 11883: 11867: 11863: 11857: 11849: 11845: 11841: 11835: 11828: 11824: 11820: 11819:Firaxis Games 11816: 11812: 11805: 11798: 11786: 11782: 11778: 11774: 11767: 11751: 11747: 11743: 11737: 11729: 11725: 11719: 11703: 11699: 11693: 11677: 11673: 11667: 11651: 11647: 11641: 11632: 11616: 11612: 11606: 11597: 11581: 11577: 11573: 11567: 11559: 11555: 11550: 11545: 11541: 11537: 11533: 11526: 11510: 11506: 11502: 11498: 11492: 11476: 11472: 11468: 11462: 11446: 11442: 11438: 11431: 11412: 11408: 11401: 11397: 11391: 11375: 11371: 11367: 11361: 11346: 11342: 11341: 11334: 11318: 11314: 11310: 11306: 11302: 11298: 11294: 11290: 11283: 11267: 11263: 11259: 11255: 11251: 11247: 11243: 11238: 11233: 11229: 11225: 11221: 11217: 11213: 11206: 11190: 11186: 11180: 11165: 11161: 11160: 11153: 11137: 11133: 11129: 11122: 11106: 11102: 11095: 11079: 11075: 11071: 11065: 11049: 11045: 11039: 11023: 11019: 11015: 11009: 10993: 10989: 10982: 10966: 10962: 10961:CERN Bulletin 10958: 10952: 10936: 10932: 10926: 10910: 10906: 10900: 10884: 10880: 10876: 10869: 10854: 10848: 10844: 10843: 10835: 10819: 10815: 10813:9780201748840 10809: 10805: 10804: 10796: 10780: 10776: 10774:9781449379322 10770: 10766: 10765: 10757: 10741: 10737: 10736: 10731: 10725: 10709: 10705: 10701: 10695: 10693: 10676: 10672: 10668: 10662: 10646: 10642: 10638: 10632: 10616: 10612: 10608: 10602: 10586: 10582: 10578: 10572: 10556: 10552: 10548: 10542: 10526: 10522: 10518: 10511: 10509: 10492: 10488: 10481: 10465: 10461: 10457: 10451: 10435: 10431: 10427: 10421: 10405: 10401: 10397: 10390: 10374: 10370: 10366: 10360: 10344: 10340: 10334: 10318: 10314: 10310: 10303: 10287: 10283: 10279: 10273: 10257: 10253: 10249: 10242: 10240: 10223: 10219: 10213: 10205: 10201: 10196: 10191: 10187: 10180: 10164: 10160: 10156: 10150: 10142: 10138: 10134: 10128: 10120: 10116: 10115: 10110: 10104: 10088: 10084: 10080: 10073: 10057: 10053: 10049: 10043: 10027: 10023: 10017: 10001: 9997: 9991: 9983: 9979: 9974: 9969: 9965: 9961: 9957: 9953: 9949: 9942: 9926: 9922: 9918: 9912: 9896: 9892: 9891:The New Stack 9888: 9881: 9865: 9861: 9855: 9839: 9835: 9831: 9825: 9809: 9805: 9801: 9795: 9779: 9775: 9771: 9765: 9749: 9745: 9741: 9735: 9719: 9715: 9711: 9705: 9686: 9679: 9672: 9656: 9652: 9648: 9641: 9625: 9621: 9617: 9610: 9594: 9590: 9586: 9579: 9563: 9559: 9558: 9553: 9547: 9531: 9527: 9526: 9521: 9514: 9498: 9494: 9490: 9484: 9468: 9464: 9458: 9442: 9438: 9432: 9416: 9412: 9408: 9401: 9385: 9381: 9375: 9359: 9355: 9351: 9345: 9329: 9325: 9319: 9303: 9299: 9295: 9289: 9273: 9269: 9265: 9259: 9243: 9239: 9235: 9229: 9210: 9203: 9197: 9181: 9177: 9171: 9155: 9151: 9147: 9140: 9124: 9120: 9116: 9110: 9094: 9090: 9086: 9080: 9064: 9060: 9056: 9049: 9041: 9037: 9033: 9027: 9011: 9007: 9003: 8996: 8980: 8976: 8972: 8965: 8946: 8939: 8932: 8916: 8912: 8908: 8902: 8886: 8882: 8878: 8872: 8856: 8852: 8848: 8841: 8839: 8830: 8826: 8825: 8817: 8809: 8807:9780672329784 8803: 8799: 8794: 8793: 8784: 8769: 8765: 8761: 8755: 8740: 8736: 8732: 8726: 8710: 8706: 8700: 8684: 8680: 8676: 8669: 8667: 8650: 8646: 8642: 8636: 8620: 8616: 8610: 8594: 8590: 8586: 8579: 8572: 8560: 8556: 8552: 8546: 8530: 8526: 8522: 8516: 8500: 8496: 8490: 8474: 8470: 8466: 8460: 8444: 8440: 8436: 8430: 8414: 8410: 8404: 8388: 8384: 8378: 8374: 8373: 8365: 8349: 8345: 8341: 8335: 8319: 8315: 8311: 8305: 8303: 8286: 8282: 8278: 8272: 8256: 8252: 8248: 8242: 8226: 8222: 8218: 8211: 8195: 8191: 8185: 8169: 8165: 8161: 8155: 8139: 8135: 8131: 8125: 8109: 8105: 8101: 8095: 8079: 8075: 8069: 8053: 8049: 8045: 8038: 8022: 8018: 8017:Artima forums 8014: 8007: 7991: 7987: 7980: 7964: 7960: 7956: 7950: 7934: 7930: 7926: 7920: 7904: 7900: 7896: 7890: 7882: 7876: 7873:. MIT Press. 7872: 7865: 7849: 7845: 7839: 7823: 7819: 7815: 7809: 7793: 7789: 7785: 7779: 7772: 7760: 7756: 7752: 7746: 7730: 7726: 7720: 7704: 7700: 7696: 7690: 7683: 7668: 7661: 7655: 7653: 7644: 7640: 7636: 7630: 7614: 7610: 7604: 7600: 7596: 7595: 7587: 7571: 7567: 7563: 7556: 7540: 7536: 7532: 7525: 7509: 7505: 7501: 7494: 7478: 7474: 7470: 7464: 7448: 7444: 7440: 7433: 7417: 7413: 7409: 7402: 7400: 7383: 7379: 7373: 7357: 7353: 7349: 7342: 7340: 7332: 7330: 7308: 7304: 7298: 7282: 7278: 7272: 7256: 7252: 7246: 7230: 7226: 7220: 7204: 7200: 7196: 7190: 7171: 7164: 7157: 7149: 7145: 7139: 7124: 7120: 7113: 7098: 7094: 7088: 7072: 7068: 7064: 7058: 7043: 7039: 7032: 7024: 7018: 7002: 6998: 6994: 6988: 6972: 6968: 6964: 6957: 6941: 6937: 6933: 6926: 6910: 6906: 6902: 6895: 6879: 6875: 6871: 6864: 6848: 6844: 6840: 6834: 6818: 6814: 6810: 6804: 6788: 6784: 6780: 6774: 6758: 6754: 6750: 6743: 6727: 6723: 6719: 6713: 6697: 6693: 6689: 6683: 6667: 6663: 6659: 6653: 6637: 6633: 6629: 6623: 6607: 6603: 6599: 6593: 6577: 6573: 6569: 6563: 6547: 6543: 6539: 6532: 6516: 6512: 6505: 6489: 6485: 6481: 6475: 6459: 6455: 6449: 6433: 6429: 6428:Linux Journal 6425: 6418: 6402: 6398: 6394: 6387: 6371: 6367: 6363: 6359: 6353: 6337: 6333: 6329: 6322: 6320: 6303: 6299: 6295: 6289: 6281: 6269: 6265: 6264:"TIOBE Index" 6259: 6257: 6240: 6236: 6232: 6226: 6210: 6206: 6202: 6196: 6180: 6176: 6172: 6165: 6149: 6145: 6141: 6134: 6118: 6114: 6110: 6104: 6087: 6083: 6077: 6066: 6062: 6055: 6048: 6035: 6031: 6024: 6016: 6010: 6006: 6001: 6000: 5991: 5975: 5971: 5967: 5966:ring-lang.net 5963: 5956: 5940: 5936: 5932: 5925: 5923: 5915: 5903: 5899: 5898:Julia website 5895: 5889: 5887: 5870: 5866: 5862: 5855: 5839: 5835: 5831: 5825: 5809: 5805: 5801: 5795: 5788: 5776: 5772: 5768: 5762: 5755: 5743: 5739: 5735: 5729: 5713: 5709: 5705: 5698: 5691: 5679: 5675: 5671: 5664: 5657: 5645: 5641: 5634: 5627: 5615: 5611: 5607: 5600: 5593: 5581: 5577: 5573: 5567: 5565: 5557: 5552: 5547: 5543: 5536: 5529: 5517: 5513: 5509: 5503: 5501: 5499: 5491: 5479:on 1 May 2007 5478: 5474: 5470: 5463: 5461: 5444: 5440: 5434: 5427: 5414: 5410: 5406: 5400: 5398: 5381: 5377: 5371: 5355: 5351: 5344: 5328: 5324: 5320: 5314: 5298: 5294: 5290: 5284: 5268: 5264: 5260: 5254: 5239: 5235: 5229: 5214: 5210: 5204: 5188: 5184: 5180: 5174: 5172: 5155: 5151: 5147: 5141: 5125: 5121: 5115: 5100: 5096: 5090: 5086: 5077: 5074: 5072: 5069: 5067: 5064: 5062: 5059: 5057: 5054: 5053: 5049: 5038: 5035: 5029: 5024: 5017: 5016:, and Swift. 5015: 5011: 5002: 4999: 4996: 4993: 4990: 4986: 4983: 4980: 4977: 4974: 4970: 4967: 4964: 4961: 4958: 4954: 4951: 4948: 4945: 4942: 4938: 4935: 4932: 4928: 4924: 4921: 4918: 4915: 4912: 4908: 4905: 4902: 4899: 4898: 4897: 4889: 4887: 4883: 4881: 4878: 4874: 4870: 4866: 4861: 4859: 4854: 4852: 4848: 4844: 4840: 4836: 4832: 4831:Red Hat Linux 4828: 4824: 4820: 4816: 4812: 4808: 4804: 4799: 4797: 4793: 4789: 4785: 4781: 4777: 4773: 4769: 4765: 4761: 4757: 4753: 4749: 4745: 4741: 4737: 4733: 4729: 4728:MotionBuilder 4725: 4721: 4717: 4713: 4709: 4705: 4701: 4697: 4693: 4689: 4684: 4682: 4678: 4673: 4671: 4666: 4661: 4659: 4655: 4651: 4647: 4643: 4639: 4635: 4631: 4626: 4624: 4620: 4616: 4612: 4608: 4607:number theory 4604: 4600: 4599:combinatorics 4596: 4592: 4588: 4584: 4580: 4576: 4572: 4568: 4564: 4560: 4555: 4553: 4549: 4545: 4541: 4537: 4533: 4529: 4525: 4521: 4517: 4513: 4509: 4505: 4501: 4497: 4493: 4489: 4485: 4481: 4472: 4467: 4457: 4455: 4451: 4447: 4443: 4439: 4435: 4431: 4427: 4423: 4419: 4415: 4411: 4406: 4404: 4400: 4390: 4388: 4384: 4381:, which bind 4380: 4376: 4372: 4368: 4364: 4360: 4355: 4353: 4352: 4348: 4343: 4342: 4338: 4333: 4329: 4319: 4317: 4313: 4309: 4305: 4301: 4297: 4287: 4271: 4269: 4260: 4258: 4254: 4251:on Python is 4250: 4245: 4243: 4238: 4229: 4225: 4222: 4218: 4217: 4216: 4213: 4211: 4207: 4203: 4199: 4195: 4192: 4186: 4184: 4174: 4172: 4158: 4154: 4151: 4148: 4145: 4142: 4138: 4134: 4131: 4128: 4124: 4120: 4119: 4118: 4112: 4108: 4104: 4100: 4097: 4096: 4095: 4094:Specialized: 4089: 4085: 4082: 4079: 4076: 4072: 4069: 4066: 4063: 4060: 4056: 4052: 4049: 4046: 4043: 4039: 4036: 4033: 4029: 4025: 4024: 4023: 4021: 4008: 4004: 4000: 3996: 3992: 3988: 3985: 3982: 3978: 3975: 3971: 3968: 3965: 3961: 3957: 3953: 3949: 3948: 3947: 3936: 3932: 3928: 3924: 3920: 3916: 3912: 3909: 3906: 3902: 3899: 3896: 3892: 3888: 3887:CircuitPython 3884: 3881: 3878: 3874: 3870: 3867: 3864: 3860: 3857: 3856: 3850: 3847: 3845: 3841: 3837: 3833: 3829: 3825: 3821: 3817: 3813: 3809: 3805: 3801: 3797: 3793: 3789: 3785: 3775: 3765: 3763: 3759: 3755: 3751: 3747: 3742: 3740: 3736: 3732: 3727: 3725: 3721: 3716: 3714: 3710: 3704: 3691: 3688: 3686: 3683: 3681: 3678: 3676: 3673: 3671: 3668: 3666: 3663: 3661: 3658: 3656: 3653: 3651: 3648: 3646: 3643: 3641: 3638: 3636: 3633: 3631: 3630:Documentation 3628: 3626: 3623: 3621: 3618: 3616: 3613: 3612: 3610: 3608: 3603: 3601: 3593: 3588: 3586: 3582: 3578: 3574: 3570: 3566: 3562: 3430: 3428: 3407: 3405: 3396: 3394: 3389: 3387: 3380:class in the 3375: 3363: 3358: 3345:is less than 3337:is less than 3327: 3309: 3302:both produce 3293: 3292:round to even 3289: 3285: 3282:function for 3276: 3275:is negative. 3270: 3173: 3171: 3164: 3156: 3152: 3151:true division 3120:7.5//3 == 2.0 3105: 3080: 3079: 3078: 3075: 3073: 3061: 3057: 3048:9**0.5 == 3.0 3041: 3026: 2951: 2948: 2945: 2940: 2939: 2899: 2896: 2892: 2889: 2884: 2883: 2848: 2845: 2841: 2838: 2833: 2832: 2773: 2766: 2762: 2759: 2754: 2753: 2745: 2742: 2738: 2735: 2730: 2729: 2721: 2718: 2714: 2711: 2706: 2705: 2697: 2694: 2691: 2688: 2683: 2682: 2674: 2671: 2668: 2665: 2660: 2659: 2646: 2643: 2639: 2636: 2631: 2630: 2627: 2620: 2617: 2616:IEEE 754 2613: 2610: 2607: 2604: 2599: 2598: 2584: 2581: 2577: 2573: 2570: 2565: 2564: 2526: 2523: 2520: 2517: 2512: 2511: 2479: 2476: 2473: 2470: 2465: 2464: 2435: 2432: 2429: 2424: 2423: 2376: 2374: 2370: 2367: 2362: 2361: 2347: 2345: 2344:Boolean value 2342: 2339: 2334: 2333: 2329: 2326: 2324: 2321: 2318: 2317: 2311: 2309: 2304: 2302: 2298: 2293: 2291: 2284: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2249: 2247: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2226: 2217: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2187: 2186:instance data 2182: 2150: 2125: 2121: 2112: 2098: 2078: 2071: 2068: 2061: 2058: 2057: 2056: 2054: 2050: 2046: 2038: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2012: 1992: 1991:array slicing 1988: 1984: 1979: 1976:-quoting" in 1971: 1967: 1959: 1956: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1942: 1938: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1921: 1919: 1915: 1906:"2" 1900:"2" 1880: 1876: 1766:evaluates to 1728: 1719: 1715: 1710: 1706: 1549: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1507: 1504: 1500: 1497: 1494: 1492: 1487: 1486: 1481: 1466: 1437: 1430: 1427: 1423: 1415: 1404: 1389: 1373: 1372: 1371: 1369: 1359: 1357: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1333: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1299: 1287: 1279: 1274: 1267: 1265: 1261: 1253: 1249: 1244: 1241: 1233: 1226: 1219: 1215: 1210: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1194: 1189: 1187: 1183: 1175: 1172: 1164: 1157: 1141: 1136: 1132: 1127: 1124: 1119: 1114: 1102: 1097: 1091: 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