333:
694:
73:
49:
609:
534:
589:
236:
718:). After they lay their eggs, females typically incubate them until they hatch. This is achieved by causing the muscles to "shiver", which raises the temperature of the body to a certain degree, and thus that of the eggs. Keeping the eggs at a constant temperature is essential for healthy embryo development. During the incubation period, females do not eat and leave only to bask to raise their body temperature.
1338:. Their calm nature is thought to be of use to treat combative patients. The fat of the python is rubbed onto the body part that is in pain. To improve mental illnesses, it is often rubbed on the temple. The existence of evidence for genuine anti inflammatory and anti-microbial properties of the refined 'snake oil' ironic with respect to the expression "snake oil salesman".
1736:
1272:, a dangerous infection that is carried by very few animals. While direct human-python interactions can be potentially dangerous, the risk of zoonotic diseases is always a concern, whether considering medical and belief use in Nigeria or when addressing invasive species impacts in Florida. In 2022, a woman who lived near a lake area in south-eastern
1256:
Pythons are also integrated into some aspects of
African health and belief use, often with the added risk of contacting zoonotic diseases. Python bodies and blood are used for African traditional medicines and other belief uses as well, one in-depth study of all animals used by the Yorubas of Nigeria
401:
Pythons are poached for their meat and skin, leading to a billion-dollar global trade. They can carry diseases, such as salmonella and leptospirosis, which can be transmitted to humans. Pythons are also used in
African traditional medicine to treat ailments like rheumatism and mental illnesses. Their
1317:
Typically, species are attributed to healing various ailments based on their likeliness to a specific bodily attribute. For example, in many cultures, the python is seen as a strong and powerful creature. As a result, pythons are often prescribed as a method of increasing strength. It is very common
393:
Pythons are found in regions like sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, and
Australia, with an invasive population of Burmese pythons in the Everglades National Park, Florida. They are ambush predators that primarily kill prey by constriction, causing cardiac arrest. Pythons are oviparous, laying eggs
373:
are currently recognized. Being naturally non-venomous, pythons must constrict their prey to induce cardiac arrest prior to consumption. Pythons will typically strike at and bite their prey of choice to gain hold of it; they then must use physical strength to constrict their prey, by coiling their
469:
since the late 1990s. As of
January 2023, estimates place the Floridian Burmese python population at around half a million. Local bounties are awarded and scientists study dead Burmese pythons to better understand breeding cycles and trends associated with rapid population explosion. The pythons
1308:
traditional healers will use python skin in ceremonial regalia. Pythons are viewed by the Zulu tradition to be a sign of power. This is likely why the skin is worn by traditional healers. Healers are seen as all-powerful since they have a wealth of knowledge, as well as accessibility to the
1399:
of a python are used to treat poison or bites from other snakes. The python head has been used to "appease witches". Many traditional
African cultures believe that they can be cursed by witches. In order to reverse spells and bad luck, traditional doctors will prescribe python heads.
1245:. These diseases may be transmitted to humans through excreted waste, open wounds, and contaminated water. A 2013 study found that Reptile-Associated Salmonella (RAS) is most common in young children who had been in contact with invasive pythons, with symptoms including "
1366:
The sources were not specific on the way this blood is administered; however, due to the use of snake blood in traditional treatments in other parts of the world for similar causes, it is likely that the patient drinks the blood in order to feel the effects.
1418:, people see pythons as a savior and have taboos to prevent the snake from being harmed or eaten. Their folklore states that this is because a python once helped them flee from their enemies by transforming into a log to allow them to cross a river.
398:. While many species are available in the exotic pet trade, caution is needed with larger species due to potential danger. The taxonomy of pythons has evolved, and they are now more closely related to sunbeam snakes and the Mexican burrowing python.
1429:
ritual practices surrounding pythons date back 70,000 years. In San mythology the python is a sacred creature that is highly respected. They believe that mankind was made by a python that moved in between hills to create stream beds.
726:
Most species in this family are available in the exotic pet trade. However, caution must be exercised with the larger species, as they can be dangerous; rare cases of large specimens killing their owners have been documented.
402:
body parts, including blood and organs, are believed to have various healing properties. In some
African cultures, pythons have significant roles in folklore and mythology, often symbolizing strength or having sacred status.
1190:
and their skin, which is sent to Europe and North
America for manufacture of accessories like bags, belts and shoes. The demand for poaching is increased because python farming is very expensive.
2130:
1437:, Vodun practitioners believe that pythons symbolize strength and the spirit of Dagbe . Annually, people sacrifice animals and proclaim their sins to pythons that are kept inside temples.
690:
is the only python species known to sometimes eat humans in its natural habitat in
Sulawesi, Indonesia. All prey is swallowed whole, and may take several days or even weeks to fully digest.
1409:
1260:
Python habitats, diets, and invasion into new areas also impact human health and prosperity. A University of
Florida Institute of Food and Agriculture Sciences study found that the
1710:
1186:
of pythons is a lucrative business with the global python skin trade being an estimated US$ 1 billion as of 2012. Pythons are poached for their meat, mostly consumed locally as
521:, suggesting establishment from domesticated pet stock. Records of Reticulated pythons date back to as early as 2009, and the population was recognized as established by 2017.
643:, in that they typically remain motionless in a camouflaged position, and then strike suddenly at passing prey. Attacks on humans, although known to occur, are extremely rare.
1588:
1264:, as an invasive species, enters new habitats and eats an increasing number of mammals, leaving limited species for mosquitoes to bite, forcing them to bite disease-carrying
670:
Larger specimens usually eat animals about the size of a domestic cat, but larger food items are known; some large Asian species have been known to take down adult
1991:
1896:
1661:
2160:
1828:
1221:
While pythons are not venomous, they do carry a host of potential health issues for humans. Pythons are disease vectors for multiple illnesses, including
1362:
from reaching critically high levels. Additionally, their blood has been used as a source of iron for people who are anemic, which helps reduce fatigue.
2138:
382:
before being consumed. Collectively, the pythons are well-documented and studied as constrictors, much like other non-venomous snakes, including the
1614:"Patterns of postnatal ontogeny of the skull and lower jaw of snakes as revealed by micro-CT scan data and three-dimensional geometric morphometrics"
3657:
374:
muscular bodies around the animal, effectively suffocating it before swallowing whole. This is in stark contrast to venomous snakes such as the
1234:
3683:
1257:
for traditional medicine found that the
African Python is used to cure rheumatism, snake poison, appeasing witches, and accident prevention.
498:, and occasionally domestic pets and livestock. They are also known to prey on other invasive and introduced animals to Florida, such as the
2334:"Wild animals in ethnozoological practices among the Yorubas of southwestern Nigeria and the implications for biodiversity conservation"
1853:
2357:"Mammal decline, linked to invasive Burmese python, shifts host use of vector mosquito towards reservoir hosts of a zoonotic disease"
1383:
in order to treat back pain. The feces are frequently mixed with a little water, placed on the back, and left for two to three days.
651:
Pythons use their sharp, backward-curving teeth, four rows in the upper jaw, two in the lower, to grasp prey which is then killed by
1581:
3747:
3631:
3279:
1213:
internationally, but there are health concerns for the workers, and danger due to poachers coming to the farms to hunt the snakes.
655:; after an animal has been grasped to restrain it, the python quickly wraps a number of coils around it. Death occurs primarily by
3670:
1560:
1446:
2205:
394:
that females incubate until they hatch. They possess premaxillary teeth, with the exception of adults in the Australian genus
1691:
1531:
453:
Two known populations of invasive pythons exist in the Western Hemisphere. In the United States, an introduced population of
3675:
2485:
1556:
2807:
300:
2030:
1907:
272:
1992:"Toward a Tree-of-Life for the boas and pythons: multilocus species-level phylogeny with unprecedented taxon sampling"
2772:
2089:
2058:
319:
1669:
3688:
279:
2648:"A study on use of animals as traditional medicine by Sukuma Tribe of Busega District in North-western Tanzania"
970:
257:
286:
3272:
3174:
3153:
2699:"Exploring the African traditional belief systems in natural resource conservation and management in Ghana"
2597:"'Offensive' snakes: cultural beliefs and practices related to snakebites in a Brazilian rural settlement"
564:
Many species have been hunted aggressively, which has greatly reduced the population of some, such as the
3584:
3579:
3566:
3188:
1301:
Python skin has traditionally been used as the attire of choice for medicine men and healers. Typically,
1198:
801:
675:
365:
found in Africa, Asia, and Australia. Among its members are some of the largest snakes in the world. Ten
253:
2519:"What do African traditional medical practitioners do in the treatment of mental disorders in Zimbabwe?"
2278:
3291:
2724:
1764:
Hardy DL (1994). "A re-evaluation of suffocation as the cause of death during constriction by snakes".
1025:
491:
268:
72:
1201:
is commonly sold for meat and is very expensive at US$ 175. The poaching of the pythons is illegal in
2800:
2566:"Physicochemical, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory evaluation of fixed oil from Boa constrictor"
1476:
466:
378:, for example, which delivers a swift, venomous bite but releases, waiting as the prey succumbs to
1933:"A phylogeny and revised classification of Squamata, including 4161 species of lizards and snakes"
1054:
3742:
3265:
3231:
2517:
Kajawu, Lazarus; Chingarande, Sunungurai D.; Jack, Helen; Ward, Catherine; Taylor, Tonya (2015).
1582:"Constrictores Oppel, 1811 – the available name for the taxonomic group uniting boas and pythons"
736:
620:
545:
246:
17:
2438:"Reptiles sold as traditional medicine in Xipamanine and Xiquelene Markets (Maputo, Mozambique)"
1854:"Woman dies in python attack after being swallowed up to her shoulders, Indonesia officials say"
332:
3714:
3519:
2959:
2923:
2913:
892:
3709:
3662:
2698:
1334:. Additionally, python fat has been used to treat those suffering from mental illnesses like
1281:
3701:
3605:
3557:
2952:
2945:
2836:
2355:
Hoyer IJ, Blosser EM, Acevedo C, Thompson AC, Reeves LE, Burkett-Cadena ND (October 2017).
2006:
1944:
1347:
955:
8:
3737:
3224:
2894:
2793:
1226:
592:
2106:
2010:
1948:
293:
3429:
3210:
3146:
3017:
2674:
2647:
2623:
2596:
2546:
2381:
2356:
2309:
1967:
1932:
1638:
1613:
1238:
1153:
909:
748:
687:
660:
514:
471:
470:
readily prey on native North American fauna in Florida, including (but not limited to)
411:
168:
67:
1711:"An Indonesian man disappeared. Villagers found his body inside a 23-foot-long python"
3696:
3592:
3081:
3067:
2679:
2628:
2577:
2538:
2518:
2459:
2386:
2333:
2301:
2259:
2085:
2022:
1972:
1809:
1643:
1527:
1265:
880:
495:
479:
159:
2550:
2404:
1318:
for the body fat of pythons to be used to treat a large variation of issues such as
3492:
3414:
3160:
3125:
3093:
3060:
2669:
2659:
2618:
2608:
2530:
2497:
2449:
2376:
2368:
2313:
2293:
2249:
2239:
2081:
2077:
2014:
1962:
1952:
1799:
1633:
1625:
1269:
1165:
1019:
936:
483:
462:
355:
3571:
2534:
2454:
2437:
3752:
3597:
3502:
3354:
3245:
3217:
3103:
3074:
3036:
2988:
2750:
2054:
1786:
Boback SM, McCann KJ, Wood KA, McNeal PM, Blankenship EL, Zwemer CF (July 2015).
1521:
1273:
1086:
1037:
991:
828:
640:
2244:
2227:
2018:
506:(coypu), though not at a rate as to lower their numbers rapidly or effectively.
3482:
3439:
3424:
3331:
3132:
3115:
3053:
3046:
2843:
2502:
1451:
1261:
1149:
1048:
1010:
855:
656:
454:
431:
359:
338:
58:
2664:
3731:
3542:
3487:
3474:
3464:
3419:
3394:
3349:
3339:
3238:
3167:
3139:
2542:
2486:"Zoo Therapeutic uses of Snake Body Parts in Folk & Traditional Medicine"
2463:
2185:
1285:
1230:
1222:
1161:
1013:, east through New Guinea, including the Bismarck Archipelago, and Australia
751:
resemblance to boas, pythons are more closely related to the sunbeam snakes (
715:
565:
2565:
1957:
3459:
3454:
3404:
3389:
3379:
3374:
3024:
3007:
2995:
2981:
2850:
2683:
2632:
2613:
2581:
2390:
2372:
2305:
2263:
2026:
1976:
1813:
1647:
1355:
1302:
1145:
1141:
964:
652:
499:
379:
48:
2725:"World's oldest ritual discovered. Worshipped the python 70,000 years ago"
2297:
2161:"Snake Farms Could Tackle the Billion Dollar Black Market for Python Skin"
3644:
3551:
3497:
3444:
3409:
3399:
3364:
3181:
2901:
2436:
Alexander, Graham J.; Moshoeu, Thibedi J.; Williams, Vivienne L. (2016).
1392:
1305:
1242:
1110:
573:
510:
443:
375:
144:
2776:
2279:"Risk factors for invasive reptile-associated salmonellosis in children"
2277:
Meyer Sauteur PM, Relly C, Hug M, Wittenbrink MM, Berger C (June 2013).
2254:
693:
608:
533:
3636:
3369:
2935:
1871:
1804:
1787:
1488:
1426:
1351:
1323:
1319:
1250:
1157:
1078:
1074:
903:
753:
427:
387:
31:
2131:"Large snakes are on the menu at Cameroon's Nkoldongo bushmeat market"
1629:
1209:, there has been an increase in snake farms to address the demand for
588:
517:
are known to be currently established, with a remarkably high rate of
3649:
3618:
3344:
2884:
2826:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1277:
1210:
1137:
1106:
1098:
1094:
1082:
951:
849:
795:
759:
740:
707:
447:
423:
84:
3513:
2785:
1520:
McDiarmid, Roy W.; Campbell, Jonathan A.; Touré, T'Shaka A. (1999).
1205:
under their wildlife law, but there is little to no enforcement. In
235:
3623:
3536:
3384:
3321:
3309:
1422:
1376:
1202:
1194:
1187:
1183:
683:
518:
435:
124:
104:
3315:
3257:
3200:
2872:
2862:
2228:"Domestic reptiles as source of zoonotic bacteria: A mini review"
1829:"Pythons can kill a human in minutes and swallow them in an hour"
1118:
822:
487:
370:
114:
3610:
2276:
1737:"A woman went to check her corn — and was swallowed by a python"
1523:
Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
3359:
3303:
2971:
1788:"Snake constriction rapidly induces circulatory arrest in rats"
1246:
1102:
1070:
930:
744:
711:
503:
475:
383:
94:
1989:
1350:. Many believe that python blood prevents the accumulation of
3449:
3288:
1434:
1415:
1396:
1380:
1359:
1206:
1090:
958:, east through New Guinea and northern and western Australia
439:
419:
415:
366:
362:
134:
2405:"Live worm found in Australian woman's brain in world first"
1990:
Graham Reynolds R, Niemiller ML, Revell LJ (February 2014).
2354:
770:
671:
2516:
2594:
2435:
2431:
2429:
2427:
2425:
870:
Australia, except in the southern parts of the country
2483:
1785:
1519:
1288:- non-venomous snakes found across much of Australia.
2510:
2206:"Potential Zoonoses/Hazards Associated with Reptiles"
2563:
2422:
1692:"Malayopython reticulatus has colonized Puerto Rico"
2595:Fita DS, Costa Neto EM, Schiavetti A (March 2010).
1662:"Huge, Freed Pet Pythons Invade Florida Everglades"
260:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2523:International Journal of Culture and Mental Health
1930:
1611:
2213:Cornell Center for Animal Resources and Education
1612:Palci, A.; Lee, M. S.; Hutchinson, M. N. (2016).
1073:(not including southern and extreme southwestern
3729:
2564:Falodun, A.; Owolabi, O. J.; Osahon, O. (2008).
735:Obsolete classification schemes—such as that of
2124:
2122:
1931:Pyron RA, Burbrink FT, Wiens JJ (April 2013).
198:Pythonides - A.M.C. Duméril & Bibron, 1844
195:Holodontes - A.M.C. Duméril & Bibron, 1844
192:Pythoniens - A.M.C. Duméril & Bibron, 1844
3273:
2801:
2327:
2325:
2323:
1684:
1346:Python blood plays another important role in
1136:found in Indonesia (Including the islands of
2696:
2070:Records of the Australian Museum, Supplement
2119:
1216:
1173:
405:
3280:
3266:
2808:
2794:
2645:
2484:Dasgupta SC, Gomes A, Mukherjee S (2017).
2320:
2232:Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine
47:
2673:
2663:
2652:Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine
2622:
2612:
2601:Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine
2501:
2453:
2380:
2253:
2243:
1966:
1956:
1803:
1637:
320:Learn how and when to remove this message
216:Pythonini - Underwood & Stimson, 1990
2338:African Journal of Agricultural Research
2053:
692:
587:
331:
2748:
2104:
1904:The Humane Society of The United States
1864:
1561:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
1526:. Vol. 1. Herpetologists' League.
1515:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1447:List of pythonid species and subspecies
816:Australia in arid and tropical regions
714:(boas), most of which bear live young (
710:. This sets them apart from the family
659:. Even the larger species, such as the
14:
3730:
2186:"The rising popularity of snake farms"
2128:
2063:and the phylogeny of pythonine snakes"
1551:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1543:
739:(1890)—place pythons in Pythoninae, a
3518:
3517:
3261:
2815:
2789:
2697:Diawuo F, Issifu AK (December 2015).
2479:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2331:
2225:
2183:
1999:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
1781:
1779:
1763:
2158:
2135:National Geographic Society Newsroom
1759:
1757:
1734:
1708:
1504:
1280:, was found to be infested with the
667:, do not crush their prey to death.
603:
528:
258:adding citations to reliable sources
229:
2107:"Concerns raised over python trade"
1851:
1826:
1792:The Journal of Experimental Biology
1702:
1654:
1540:
1178:
1133:amethystine python species complex
1069:Africa in the tropics south of the
24:
3287:
2706:The Journal of Pan African Studies
2470:
2286:Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases
1776:
1291:
1042:the Northern Territory, Australia
210:Chondropythonina - Boulenger, 1879
25:
3764:
2766:
1897:"Large Constrictor Snake Attacks"
1754:
1253:, and bone and joint infection".
747:. However, despite a superficial
2722:
2442:South African Journal of Science
1268:and then infect humans with the
639:Most members of this family are
607:
532:
234:
71:
3748:Taxa named by Leopold Fitzinger
2742:
2716:
2690:
2639:
2588:
2557:
2397:
2348:
2270:
2219:
2198:
2177:
2152:
2098:
2047:
1983:
1924:
1889:
1845:
1820:
1594:from the original on 2020-12-12
1482:
1469:
1410:Pythons' eyes in Meitei culture
701:
524:
245:needs additional citations for
3104:Nyctophilopython oenpelliensis
2490:Journal of Zoological Research
2129:Jensen TJ (5 September 2017).
2082:10.3853/j.0812-7387.19.1993.52
1872:"The Keeping of Large Pythons"
1728:
1605:
1574:
1379:have been known to use python
982:reticulated and Timor pythons
13:
1:
2777:Reptarium.cz Reptile Database
2749:Fihlani, Pumza (2017-09-01).
2646:Vats R, Thomas S (May 2015).
2535:10.1080/17542863.2015.1106568
1457:
1284:roundworm which is common in
177:Pythonoidia - Fitzinger, 1826
2751:"Has voodoo been misjudged?"
1860:– via www.cbsnews.com.
1498:
721:
223:derwood & Stimson, 1990
213:Pythoninae - Boulenger, 1890
180:Pythonoidei - Eichwald, 1831
7:
2779:. Accessed 3 November 2008.
2570:Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica
2455:10.17159/sajs.2016/20150416
2245:10.1016/j.apjtm.2017.07.020
2019:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.11.011
1906:. July 2012. Archived from
1440:
1403:
1199:Central African rock python
730:
676:Central African rock python
583:
189:Pythophes - Fitzinger, 1843
186:Pythonina - Bonaparte, 1840
10:
3769:
2503:10.22259/2637-5575.0101001
1407:
757:) and the Mexican python (
646:
29:
3526:
3473:
3330:
3298:
3198:
3113:
3091:
3034:
3005:
2969:
2933:
2911:
2882:
2860:
2824:
2665:10.1186/s13002-015-0001-y
1709:Wang AB (29 March 2017).
1386:
897:the Bismarck Archipelago
766:
174:
167:
68:Scientific classification
66:
55:
46:
41:
3025:Malayopython timoriensis
3018:Malayopython reticulatus
2895:Aspidites melanocephalus
2226:Ebani VV (August 2017).
2105:McGrath M (2012-11-28).
1937:BMC Evolutionary Biology
1666:National Geographic News
1462:
1370:
1341:
1217:Pythons and human health
1174:Relationship with humans
1105:, the Malayan region of
682:, has been known to eat
665:Malayopython reticulatus
598:Aspidites melanocephalus
467:Everglades National Park
406:Distribution and habitat
183:Holodonta - MĂĽller, 1832
30:Not to be confused with
1958:10.1186/1471-2148-13-93
1735:Selk A (16 June 2018).
1296:
207:Peropodes - Meyer, 1874
204:Pythonidae - Cope, 1864
2960:Leiopython fredparkeri
2614:10.1186/1746-4269-6-13
2373:10.1098/rsbl.2017.0353
2332:Soewu DA (June 2008).
2184:Njeru G (2017-01-19).
1852:AFP (16 August 2024).
1312:
1197:bushmeat markets, the
1009:from Indonesia in the
893:Bismarck ringed python
802:Wells & Wellington
698:
601:
343:
34:, a genus of skippers.
3710:Paleobiology Database
2946:Leiopython albertisii
2298:10.1089/vbz.2012.1133
2159:Turk V (2014-04-02).
1766:Herpetological Review
1408:Further information:
1282:Ophidascaris robertsi
921:white-lipped pythons
696:
591:
410:Pythons are found in
335:
201:Pythones - Cope, 1861
3140:Python breitensteini
2953:Leiopython biakensis
2851:Antaresia perthensis
2731:. University of Oslo
1375:The Sukuma tribe of
1348:traditional medicine
985:from India to Timor
956:Lesser Sunda Islands
461:) has existed as an
350:, commonly known as
254:improve this article
3225:Simalia clastolepis
3211:Simalia amethistina
2837:Antaresia childreni
2011:2014MolPE..71..201G
1949:2013BMCEE..13...93P
1477:nominate subspecies
1081:, Pakistan, India,
813:Children's pythons
743:of the boa family,
593:Black-headed python
515:Reticulated pythons
472:American alligators
3430:Pseudoxyrhophiidae
3147:Python brongersmai
2844:Antaresia maculosa
2141:on January 8, 2018
1805:10.1242/jeb.121384
1798:(Pt 14): 2279–88.
1618:Journal of Anatomy
1475:Not including the
1266:hispid cotton rats
1239:Campylobacteriosis
1154:Northern Territory
1097:, southern China,
749:K-means clustering
699:
688:Reticulated Python
661:reticulated python
619:. You can help by
602:
544:. You can help by
513:, a population of
480:American bullfrogs
412:sub-Saharan Africa
390:of the New World.
344:
3725:
3724:
3697:Open Tree of Life
3520:Taxon identifiers
3511:
3510:
3255:
3254:
3232:Simalia kinghorni
3175:Python natalensis
3133:Python bivittatus
3068:Morelia imbricata
2902:Aspidites ramsayi
1630:10.1111/joa.12509
1533:978-1-893777-01-9
1171:
1170:
924:Papua New Guinea
843:Papua New Guinea
789:Geographic range
637:
636:
562:
561:
496:white-tailed deer
459:Python bivittatus
330:
329:
322:
304:
228:
227:
163:
16:(Redirected from
3760:
3718:
3717:
3705:
3704:
3692:
3691:
3679:
3678:
3666:
3665:
3653:
3652:
3640:
3639:
3627:
3626:
3614:
3613:
3601:
3600:
3588:
3587:
3575:
3574:
3562:
3561:
3560:
3547:
3546:
3545:
3515:
3514:
3493:Leptotyphlopidae
3415:Psammodynastidae
3282:
3275:
3268:
3259:
3258:
3161:Python kyaiktiyo
3126:Python anchietae
3094:Nyctophilopython
3061:Morelia carinata
2996:Liasis olivaceus
2924:Bothrochilus boa
2810:
2803:
2796:
2787:
2786:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2757:
2746:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2736:
2720:
2714:
2713:
2703:
2694:
2688:
2687:
2677:
2667:
2643:
2637:
2636:
2626:
2616:
2592:
2586:
2585:
2561:
2555:
2554:
2514:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2481:
2468:
2467:
2457:
2433:
2420:
2419:
2417:
2416:
2401:
2395:
2394:
2384:
2367:(10): 20170353.
2352:
2346:
2345:
2329:
2318:
2317:
2283:
2274:
2268:
2267:
2257:
2247:
2223:
2217:
2216:
2210:
2202:
2196:
2195:
2193:
2192:
2181:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2171:
2156:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2146:
2137:. Archived from
2126:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2113:
2102:
2096:
2095:
2067:
2051:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2041:
2035:
2029:. Archived from
1996:
1987:
1981:
1980:
1970:
1960:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1918:
1912:
1901:
1893:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1868:
1862:
1861:
1849:
1843:
1842:
1840:
1839:
1824:
1818:
1817:
1807:
1783:
1774:
1773:
1761:
1752:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1732:
1726:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1706:
1700:
1699:
1698:. 7 August 2022.
1696:Serpent Research
1688:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1672:on June 11, 2004
1668:. Archived from
1658:
1652:
1651:
1641:
1609:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1599:
1593:
1586:
1578:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1553:
1538:
1537:
1517:
1492:
1486:
1480:
1473:
1414:In northwestern
1391:In Nigeria, the
1270:Everglades virus
1179:Poaching pythons
1166:Papua New Guinea
1020:Nyctophilopython
867:pitless pythons
771:
641:ambush predators
632:
629:
611:
604:
557:
554:
536:
529:
463:invasive species
325:
318:
314:
311:
305:
303:
262:
238:
230:
158:
76:
75:
51:
39:
38:
27:Family of snakes
21:
3768:
3767:
3763:
3762:
3761:
3759:
3758:
3757:
3728:
3727:
3726:
3721:
3713:
3708:
3700:
3695:
3687:
3682:
3674:
3669:
3661:
3656:
3648:
3643:
3635:
3630:
3622:
3617:
3609:
3604:
3596:
3591:
3583:
3578:
3570:
3565:
3556:
3555:
3550:
3541:
3540:
3535:
3522:
3512:
3507:
3503:Xenotyphlopidae
3469:
3380:Cylindrophiidae
3355:Atractaspididae
3326:
3294:
3286:
3256:
3251:
3246:Simalia tracyae
3218:Simalia boeleni
3194:
3109:
3087:
3082:Morelia viridis
3075:Morelia spilota
3030:
3001:
2989:Liasis mackloti
2965:
2929:
2907:
2878:
2873:Apodora papuana
2856:
2820:
2814:
2783:
2769:
2764:
2755:
2753:
2747:
2743:
2734:
2732:
2721:
2717:
2701:
2695:
2691:
2644:
2640:
2593:
2589:
2562:
2558:
2515:
2511:
2482:
2471:
2434:
2423:
2414:
2412:
2403:
2402:
2398:
2361:Biology Letters
2353:
2349:
2330:
2321:
2281:
2275:
2271:
2224:
2220:
2208:
2204:
2203:
2199:
2190:
2188:
2182:
2178:
2169:
2167:
2157:
2153:
2144:
2142:
2127:
2120:
2111:
2109:
2103:
2099:
2092:
2065:
2052:
2048:
2039:
2037:
2033:
1994:
1988:
1984:
1929:
1925:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1899:
1895:
1894:
1890:
1880:
1878:
1870:
1869:
1865:
1850:
1846:
1837:
1835:
1827:Rossman, Sean.
1825:
1821:
1784:
1777:
1762:
1755:
1745:
1743:
1741:Washington Post
1733:
1729:
1719:
1717:
1715:Washington Post
1707:
1703:
1690:
1689:
1685:
1675:
1673:
1660:
1659:
1655:
1610:
1606:
1597:
1595:
1591:
1584:
1580:
1579:
1575:
1565:
1563:
1555:
1554:
1541:
1534:
1518:
1505:
1501:
1496:
1495:
1487:
1483:
1474:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1443:
1412:
1406:
1389:
1373:
1344:
1315:
1299:
1294:
1292:Traditional use
1274:New South Wales
1219:
1181:
1176:
1156:, northeastern
1087:Nicobar Islands
1038:Oenpelli python
769:
733:
724:
704:
649:
633:
627:
624:
617:needs expansion
595:
586:
558:
552:
549:
542:needs expansion
527:
455:Burmese pythons
434:, southeastern
408:
336:Indian python (
326:
315:
309:
306:
263:
261:
251:
239:
157:
70:
56:Indian python (
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3766:
3756:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3743:Snake families
3740:
3723:
3722:
3720:
3719:
3706:
3693:
3680:
3667:
3654:
3641:
3628:
3615:
3602:
3589:
3576:
3563:
3548:
3532:
3530:
3524:
3523:
3509:
3508:
3506:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3483:Anomalepididae
3479:
3477:
3471:
3470:
3468:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3440:Tropidophiidae
3437:
3432:
3427:
3425:Pseudaspididae
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3336:
3334:
3332:Alethinophidia
3328:
3327:
3325:
3324:
3318:
3312:
3306:
3299:
3296:
3295:
3285:
3284:
3277:
3270:
3262:
3253:
3252:
3250:
3249:
3242:
3235:
3228:
3221:
3214:
3206:
3204:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3192:
3185:
3178:
3171:
3168:Python molurus
3164:
3157:
3150:
3143:
3136:
3129:
3121:
3119:
3111:
3110:
3108:
3107:
3099:
3097:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3085:
3078:
3071:
3064:
3057:
3054:Morelia bredli
3050:
3047:Morelia azurea
3042:
3040:
3032:
3031:
3029:
3028:
3021:
3013:
3011:
3003:
3002:
3000:
2999:
2992:
2985:
2977:
2975:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2963:
2956:
2949:
2941:
2939:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2927:
2919:
2917:
2909:
2908:
2906:
2905:
2898:
2890:
2888:
2880:
2879:
2877:
2876:
2868:
2866:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2854:
2847:
2840:
2832:
2830:
2822:
2821:
2813:
2812:
2805:
2798:
2790:
2781:
2780:
2768:
2767:External links
2765:
2763:
2762:
2741:
2715:
2689:
2638:
2587:
2576:(4): 477–480.
2556:
2509:
2469:
2421:
2396:
2347:
2319:
2269:
2238:(8): 723–728.
2218:
2197:
2176:
2151:
2118:
2097:
2090:
2046:
1982:
1923:
1888:
1863:
1844:
1819:
1775:
1753:
1727:
1701:
1683:
1653:
1624:(6): 723–754.
1604:
1573:
1539:
1532:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1481:
1467:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1455:
1454:
1449:
1442:
1439:
1405:
1402:
1388:
1385:
1372:
1369:
1343:
1340:
1324:rheumatic pain
1314:
1311:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1286:carpet pythons
1262:Burmese python
1218:
1215:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1114:
1113:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1052:
1044:
1043:
1040:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1023:
1015:
1014:
1011:Maluku Islands
1007:
1004:
1001:
998:
995:
987:
986:
983:
980:
977:
974:
968:
960:
959:
949:
948:water pythons
946:
943:
940:
934:
926:
925:
922:
919:
916:
913:
907:
899:
898:
895:
890:
887:
884:
878:
872:
871:
868:
865:
862:
859:
853:
845:
844:
841:
840:Papuan python
838:
835:
832:
826:
818:
817:
814:
811:
808:
805:
799:
791:
790:
787:
784:
781:
778:
775:
768:
765:
732:
729:
723:
720:
703:
700:
697:A python skull
657:cardiac arrest
648:
645:
635:
634:
614:
612:
585:
582:
570:Python molurus
560:
559:
539:
537:
526:
523:
432:Southeast Asia
407:
404:
339:Python molurus
328:
327:
242:
240:
233:
226:
225:
221:
220:
219:Moreliini - Un
217:
214:
211:
208:
205:
202:
199:
196:
193:
190:
187:
184:
181:
178:
172:
171:
165:
164:
152:
148:
147:
142:
138:
137:
132:
128:
127:
122:
118:
117:
112:
108:
107:
102:
98:
97:
92:
88:
87:
82:
78:
77:
64:
63:
59:Python molurus
53:
52:
44:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3765:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3735:
3733:
3716:
3711:
3707:
3703:
3698:
3694:
3690:
3685:
3681:
3677:
3672:
3668:
3664:
3659:
3655:
3651:
3646:
3642:
3638:
3633:
3629:
3625:
3620:
3616:
3612:
3607:
3603:
3599:
3594:
3590:
3586:
3581:
3577:
3573:
3568:
3564:
3559:
3553:
3549:
3544:
3538:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3529:
3525:
3521:
3516:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3488:Gerrhopilidae
3486:
3484:
3481:
3480:
3478:
3476:
3475:Scolecophidia
3472:
3466:
3465:Xenophidiidae
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3420:Psammophiidae
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3395:Lamprophiidae
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3350:Anomochilidae
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3340:Acrochordidae
3338:
3337:
3335:
3333:
3329:
3323:
3319:
3317:
3313:
3311:
3307:
3305:
3301:
3300:
3297:
3293:
3290:
3283:
3278:
3276:
3271:
3269:
3264:
3263:
3260:
3248:
3247:
3243:
3241:
3240:
3239:Simalia nauta
3236:
3234:
3233:
3229:
3227:
3226:
3222:
3220:
3219:
3215:
3213:
3212:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3203:
3202:
3197:
3191:
3190:
3186:
3184:
3183:
3182:Python regius
3179:
3177:
3176:
3172:
3170:
3169:
3165:
3163:
3162:
3158:
3156:
3155:
3154:Python curtus
3151:
3149:
3148:
3144:
3142:
3141:
3137:
3135:
3134:
3130:
3128:
3127:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3118:
3117:
3112:
3106:
3105:
3101:
3100:
3098:
3096:
3095:
3090:
3084:
3083:
3079:
3077:
3076:
3072:
3070:
3069:
3065:
3063:
3062:
3058:
3056:
3055:
3051:
3049:
3048:
3044:
3043:
3041:
3039:
3038:
3033:
3027:
3026:
3022:
3020:
3019:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3010:
3009:
3004:
2998:
2997:
2993:
2991:
2990:
2986:
2984:
2983:
2982:Liasis fuscus
2979:
2978:
2976:
2974:
2973:
2968:
2962:
2961:
2957:
2955:
2954:
2950:
2948:
2947:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2938:
2937:
2932:
2926:
2925:
2921:
2920:
2918:
2916:
2915:
2910:
2904:
2903:
2899:
2897:
2896:
2892:
2891:
2889:
2887:
2886:
2881:
2875:
2874:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2865:
2864:
2859:
2853:
2852:
2848:
2846:
2845:
2841:
2839:
2838:
2834:
2833:
2831:
2829:
2828:
2823:
2819:
2811:
2806:
2804:
2799:
2797:
2792:
2791:
2788:
2784:
2778:
2774:
2771:
2770:
2752:
2745:
2730:
2726:
2719:
2711:
2707:
2700:
2693:
2685:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2642:
2634:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2591:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2560:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2513:
2504:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2480:
2478:
2476:
2474:
2465:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2432:
2430:
2428:
2426:
2410:
2406:
2400:
2392:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2351:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2292:(6): 419–21.
2291:
2287:
2280:
2273:
2265:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2222:
2214:
2207:
2201:
2187:
2180:
2166:
2162:
2155:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2125:
2123:
2108:
2101:
2093:
2091:0-7310-1164-3
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2064:
2062:
2056:
2050:
2036:on 2015-12-02
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1993:
1986:
1978:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
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578:Python regius
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3405:Micrelapidae
3390:Homalopsidae
3375:Cyclocoridae
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2754:. Retrieved
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2712:(9): 115–31.
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2529:(1): 44–55.
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2411:. 2023-08-29
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2255:11568/880208
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2189:. Retrieved
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2139:the original
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2100:
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2038:. Retrieved
2031:the original
2002:
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1985:
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1926:
1915:. Retrieved
1908:the original
1903:
1891:
1881:16 September
1879:. Retrieved
1875:
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1836:. Retrieved
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1772:(22): 45–47.
1769:
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1744:. Retrieved
1740:
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1714:
1704:
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1676:16 September
1674:. Retrieved
1670:the original
1665:
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1607:
1596:. Retrieved
1576:
1564:. Retrieved
1557:"Pythonidae"
1522:
1484:
1471:
1432:
1420:
1413:
1390:
1374:
1363:
1345:
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1300:
1259:
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1235:Aeromoniasis
1220:
1192:
1182:
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1047:
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965:Malayopython
963:
929:
902:
876:Bothrochilus
875:
848:
821:
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786:Common name
758:
752:
734:
725:
706:Pythons are
705:
702:Reproduction
680:Python sebae
679:
669:
664:
653:constriction
650:
638:
625:
621:adding to it
616:
597:
577:
569:
563:
550:
546:adding to it
541:
525:Conservation
508:
500:green iguana
492:river otters
458:
452:
409:
400:
395:
392:
380:envenomation
351:
347:
345:
337:
316:
307:
297:
290:
283:
276:
269:"Pythonidae"
264:
252:Please help
247:verification
244:
222:
154:
57:
36:
3645:iNaturalist
3552:Wikispecies
3498:Typhlopidae
3445:Uropeltidae
3410:Prosymnidae
3400:Loxocemidae
3365:Bolyeriidae
2344:(6): 421–7.
2165:Motherboard
1393:gallbladder
1352:fatty acids
1309:ancestors.
1243:Zygomycosis
1124:Gray, 1849
1111:Philippines
997:Gray, 1842
574:Ball python
511:Puerto Rico
444:Philippines
438:, southern
376:rattlesnake
360:nonvenomous
145:Pythonoidea
42:Pythonidae
3738:Pythonidae
3732:Categories
3572:Pythonidae
3558:Pythonidae
3528:Pythonidae
3435:Pythonidae
3370:Colubridae
2936:Leiopython
2818:Pythonidae
2773:Pythonidae
2756:2019-05-19
2735:2019-03-14
2496:(1): 1–9.
2448:(7/8): 9.
2415:2023-09-26
2191:2019-03-14
2170:2019-03-14
2145:2019-03-14
2112:2019-03-14
2040:2018-05-13
2005:: 201–13.
1917:2018-05-13
1838:2024-08-17
1598:2020-12-12
1566:9 December
1489:Type genus
1458:References
1320:joint pain
1251:meningitis
1223:Salmonella
1158:Queensland
1079:Bangladesh
1075:Madagascar
904:Leiopython
754:Xenopeltis
674:, and the
572:) and the
428:Bangladesh
388:kingsnakes
348:Pythonidae
280:newspapers
155:Pythonidae
131:Suborder:
32:Pythonides
3450:Viperidae
3345:Aniliidae
3302:Kingdom:
2885:Aspidites
2827:Antaresia
2658:(1): 38.
2543:1754-2863
2464:0038-2353
2061:Aspidites
1943:(1): 93.
1833:USA TODAY
1499:Citations
1336:psychosis
1332:eye sight
1328:toothache
1278:Australia
1227:Chlamydia
1211:snakeskin
1160:into the
1138:Halmahera
1107:Indonesia
1099:Hong Kong
1095:Indochina
1083:Sri Lanka
952:Indonesia
881:Fitzinger
856:W. Peters
850:Aspidites
796:Antaresia
760:Loxocemus
741:subfamily
737:Boulenger
722:Captivity
708:oviparous
474:, birds,
448:Australia
424:Sri Lanka
396:Aspidites
386:and even
160:Fitzinger
135:Serpentes
91:Kingdom:
85:Eukaryota
3537:Wikidata
3385:Elapidae
3322:Squamata
3316:Reptilia
3310:Chordata
3308:Phylum:
3304:Animalia
3292:families
2723:Vogt Y.
2684:25947365
2633:20346120
2582:19051590
2551:57728277
2409:BBC News
2391:28978755
2306:23473215
2264:28942820
2057:(1993).
2055:Kluge AG
2027:24315866
1977:23627680
1858:CBS News
1814:26202779
1648:27329823
1589:Archived
1441:See also
1423:Botswana
1404:Folklore
1377:Tanzania
1203:Cameroon
1195:Cameroon
1188:bushmeat
1184:Poaching
1109:and the
971:Reynolds
910:Hubrecht
780:Species
731:Taxonomy
684:antelope
584:Behavior
519:albinism
488:raccoons
484:opossums
436:Pakistan
354:, are a
169:Synonyms
151:Family:
125:Squamata
115:Reptilia
105:Chordata
101:Phylum:
95:Animalia
81:Domain:
3637:4287591
3611:2818930
3543:Q184018
3320:Order:
3314:Class:
3201:Simalia
3037:Morelia
2863:Apodora
2816:Family
2775:at the
2729:Apollon
2675:4472419
2624:2853519
2382:5665769
2314:1311418
2007:Bibcode
1968:3682911
1945:Bibcode
1876:Anapsid
1746:17 June
1720:17 June
1639:5108151
1276:state,
1152:), the
1119:Simalia
1057:, 1803
1028:, 1977
992:Morelia
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954:in the
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912:, 1879
883:, 1843
858:, 1877
831:, 1993
823:Apodora
804:, 1984
783:Subsp.
647:Feeding
476:bobcats
371:species
369:and 39
352:pythons
294:scholar
121:Order:
111:Class:
18:Pythons
3753:Snakes
3702:897903
3676:563893
3663:118691
3624:1PYTNF
3585:515102
3360:Boidae
3116:Python
2972:Liasis
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1387:Organs
1360:lipids
1247:sepsis
1241:, and
1164:, and
1150:Maluku
1103:Hainan
1085:, the
1055:Daudin
1049:Python
931:Liasis
774:Genus
767:Genera
745:Boidae
712:Boidae
686:. The
504:nutria
442:, the
367:genera
363:snakes
356:family
296:
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282:
275:
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162:, 1826
3715:99994
3689:34984
3658:IRMNG
3650:67532
3289:Snake
2702:(PDF)
2547:S2CID
2310:S2CID
2282:(PDF)
2209:(PDF)
2066:(PDF)
2034:(PDF)
1995:(PDF)
1911:(PDF)
1900:(PDF)
1592:(PDF)
1585:(PDF)
1463:Notes
1435:Benin
1416:Ghana
1397:liver
1381:feces
1371:Feces
1342:Blood
1207:Kenya
1146:Seram
1142:Ambon
1091:Burma
829:Kluge
440:China
420:India
416:Nepal
301:JSTOR
287:books
3684:NCBI
3671:ITIS
3632:GBIF
3619:EPPO
3580:BOLD
2680:PMID
2629:PMID
2578:PMID
2539:ISSN
2460:ISSN
2387:PMID
2302:PMID
2260:PMID
2086:ISBN
2023:PMID
1973:PMID
1883:2007
1810:PMID
1748:2018
1722:2018
1678:2007
1644:PMID
1568:2019
1528:ISBN
1395:and
1358:and
1330:and
1306:Zulu
1297:Skin
937:Gray
672:deer
502:and
446:and
384:boas
346:The
273:news
3606:EoL
3598:FH5
3593:CoL
3567:AFD
2670:PMC
2660:doi
2619:PMC
2609:doi
2531:doi
2498:doi
2450:doi
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2377:PMC
2369:doi
2294:doi
2250:hdl
2240:doi
2078:doi
2015:doi
1963:PMC
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1634:PMC
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