805:, where only satellites at very high elevation can be seen. A secondary function is performance enhancement, increasing the accuracy and reliability of GPS derived navigation solutions. The Quasi-Zenith Satellites transmit signals compatible with the GPS L1C/A signal, as well as the modernized GPS L1C, L2C signal and L5 signals. This minimizes changes to existing GPS receivers. Compared to standalone GPS, the combined system GPS plus QZSS delivers improved positioning performance via ranging correction data provided through the transmission of submeter-class performance enhancement signals L1-SAIF and LEX from QZSS. It also improves reliability by means of failure monitoring and system health data notifications. QZSS also provides other support data to users to improve GPS satellite acquisition. According to its original plan, QZSS was to carry two types of space-borne
953:
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operate optimally when satellites are in direct contact with the ground station, making it suitable for a system like the
Japanese QZSS. Low satellite mass and low satellite manufacturing and launch cost are significant advantages of this system. An outline of this concept as well as two possible implementations of the time synchronization network for QZSS were studied and published in
898:
system. This concept is differentiated by the employment of a synchronization framework combined with lightweight steerable on-board clocks which act as transponders re-broadcasting the precise time remotely provided by the time synchronization network located on the ground. This allows the system to
874:
Although the first generation QZSS timekeeping system (TKS) will be based on the Rb clock, the first QZSS satellites will carry a basic prototype of an experimental crystal clock synchronization system. During the first half of the two year in-orbit test phase, preliminary tests will investigate the
335:
The first satellite "Michibiki" was launched on 11 September 2010. Full operational status was expected by 2013. In March 2013, Japan's
Cabinet Office announced the expansion of QZSS from three satellites to four. The US$ 526 million contract with Mitsubishi Electric for the construction of three
809:; a hydrogen maser and a rubidium (Rb) atomic clock. The development of a passive hydrogen maser for QZSS was abandoned in 2006. The positioning signal will be generated by a Rb clock and an architecture similar to the GPS timekeeping system will be employed. QZSS will also be able to use a
283:
regions, with a focus on Japan. The goal of QZSS is to provide highly precise and stable positioning services in the Asia-Oceania region, compatible with GPS. Four-satellite QZSS services were available on a trial basis as of 12 January 2018, and officially started on 1 November 2018. A
231:
219:
825:
The PNT (Positioning, Navigation and Timing) service complements the signals used by the GPS system, essentially acting as extra satellites. The QZSS satellites sync their clocks with GPS satellites. The service broadcasts at frequency bands L1C/A, L1C, L2C, and L5C, the same as
1621:
The laboratory is working with the
Japanese National Space Policy Secretariat and Mitsubishi Electric Company to integrate state-of-the-art sensors on the newest satellites in the QZSS constellation, QZS-6 and QZS-7, which are scheduled for launch in 2023 and 2024,
40:
336:
satellites was scheduled for launch before the end of 2017. The third satellite was launched into orbit on 19 August 2017, and the fourth was launched on 10 October 2017. The basic four-satellite system was announced as operational on 1 November 2018.
316:, and GNSS Technologies Inc. However, ASBC collapsed in 2007, and the work was taken over by the Satellite Positioning Research and Application Center (SPAC), which is owned by four Japanese government departments: the
363:. Each orbit is 120Ā° apart from the other two. Because of this inclination, they are not geostationary; they do not remain in the same place in the sky. Instead, their ground traces are asymmetrical figure-8 patterns (
498:
Planned seven satellites constellation consists of four Quasi-Zenith Orbit (QZO) satellites, two geostationary (GEO) satellites, and one quasi-geostationary (slight incline and eccentricity) orbit satellite.
3807:
4251:
3592:
3550:
3428:
2686:
878:
The mentioned QZSS TKS technology is a novel satellite timekeeping system which does not require on-board atomic clocks as used by existing navigation satellite systems such as
317:
1379:
3686:
813:(TWSTFT) scheme, which will be employed to gain some fundamental knowledge of satellite atomic standard behavior in space as well as for other research purposes.
329:
1712:
Remote
Synchronization Method for the Quasi-Zenith Satellite System: study of a novel satellite timekeeping system which does not require on-board atomic clocks
1232:
905:
Remote
Synchronization Method for the Quasi-Zenith Satellite System: study of a novel satellite timekeeping system which does not require on-board atomic clocks
1830:
3701:
3410:
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3126:
3098:
4637:
4579:
4513:
3849:
2052:
1983:
4500:
2849:
2009:
1958:
1927:
288:
system independent of GPS is planned for 2023 with seven satellites. In May 2023 it was announced that the system would expand to eleven satellites.
308:(GPS) to be receivable within Japan. A contract was awarded to Advanced Space Business Corporation (ASBC), that began concept development work, and
3681:
2600:
4736:
4574:
4483:
4478:
2955:
1746:
1734:
854:
The DC Report (Satellite Report for
Disaster and Crisis Management) service broadcasts on L1S and provides information on floods and earthquakes.
321:
1684:
2304:
1330:
1048:
1749:
Kogure, Satoshi. Presentation at the 47th
Meeting of the Civil Global Positioning System Service Interface Committee (CGSIC) 25 September 2007
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1139:
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1878:
1250:
895:
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The CLAS (Centimeter Level
Augmentation) service provides high-precision positioning compatible with the higher-precision E6 service of
2679:
1823:
3633:
3370:
2989:
1968:
1286:
1113:
1608:
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3281:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3103:
2132:
1209:
325:
862:
The PTV (Positioning
Technology Verification) service broadcasts on L5S. The documentation only describes a "null" message type.
339:
As of 2024, eleven satellites configuration is under consideration, which will provide redundancy for single-satellite failure.
4655:
3960:
3517:
3260:
2939:
2674:
2045:
1789:
1447:
1358:
2787:
1816:
1719:
1659:
441:
3512:
3507:
3238:
2593:
4065:
3420:
1953:
1405:
268:
4000:
2803:
2297:
1932:
301:
3797:
3348:
3040:
3000:
2167:
2038:
3497:
541:
Experimental. Lacks MADOCA and PTV signals. Acting as spare since March 2022. Decommissioned on 15 September 2023.
4776:
4301:
4099:
2586:
2142:
1186:
2501:
2082:
1948:
1863:
883:
841:
1781:
4226:
2290:
2127:
1978:
834:
367:), designed to ensure that one is almost directly overhead (elevation 60Ā° or more) over Japan at all times.
1973:
833:
for GPS interoperable with other GPS-SBAS systems. The principle of operation is similar to that of, e.g.
3935:
2253:
1735:
Petrovski, Ivan G. QZSS - Japan's New
Integrated Communication and Positioning Service for Mobile Users.
1164:
952:
1577:
967:
726:
699:
4197:
3035:
2866:
1773:
875:
feasibility of the atomic clock-less technology which might be employed in the second generation QZSS.
389:
1546:
4245:
2542:
2506:
2092:
1873:
1688:
887:
848:
305:
276:
1334:
4283:
3036:
2826:
2491:
2112:
1858:
296:
In 2002, the Japanese government authorized the development of QZSS, as a three-satellite regional
1765:
1651:
An introduction to GNSS : GPS, GLONASS, Galileo and other Global Navigation Satellite Systems
928:
4161:
2061:
940:
2782:
2609:
2177:
1135:
62:
1283:"Launch Result of the First Quasi-Zenith Satellite 'MICHIBIKI' by H-IIA Launch Vehicle No. 18"
1257:
4182:
4089:
3919:
3502:
2754:
2726:
711:
4642:
4233:
3044:
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2740:
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1428:
687:
411:
360:
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264:
174:
17:
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1282:
1105:
8:
4256:
4166:
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3340:
2691:
2452:
2432:
2412:
2402:
2374:
2364:
2359:
2152:
1909:
1899:
576:
456:
348:
309:
272:
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4083:
4020:
4015:
3691:
2934:
2929:
2903:
2897:
2891:
2532:
2397:
2369:
2344:
2339:
2334:
1999:
1079:
1040:
801:
The primary purpose of QZSS is to increase the availability of GPS in Japan's numerous
4533:
4523:
4213:
3906:
3887:
3461:
3398:
3360:
3322:
2871:
2844:
2552:
2537:
2468:
2329:
1919:
1715:
1665:
1655:
865:
The Q-ANPI (QZSS Safety Confirmation Service) is an authorized short message service.
830:
383:
1786:
1453:
3750:
3456:
3157:
3152:
1355:
371:
356:
4567:
4442:
3276:
3195:
2213:
2198:
2147:
1793:
1741:
Kallender-Umezu, Paul. Japan Seeking 13 Percent Budget Hike for Space Activities.
1362:
1798:
2645:
2389:
2218:
2208:
1808:
1609:"Lincoln Laboratory is designing a payload to integrate on Japanese satellites"
1054:
624:
396:
1669:
1401:
4760:
4094:
3965:
3013:
2982:
2722:
2004:
1633:
Quasi-Zenith Satellite System Performance Standard PS-QZSS-003 (Mar.17, 2022)
918:
297:
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1649:
1059:
914:
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1894:
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2137:
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4192:
3792:
3492:
2768:
2557:
2239:
1685:"Remote Synchronization Method for the Quasi-Zenith Satellite System"
1585:(in Japanese). Cabinet Office, Government of Japan. 22 December 2023
4632:
4468:
4156:
4134:
4060:
4043:
3740:
3735:
3658:
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3248:
3118:
3113:
2994:
2422:
2321:
2271:
2234:
2162:
2157:
1904:
1482:(in Japanese). Cabinet Office, Government of Japan. 23 January 2019
901:
Remote Synchronization Method for the Quasi-Zenith Satellite System
847:
The MADOCA-PPP (Multi-GNSS Advanced Orbit and Clock Augmentation ā
829:
The SLAS (Sub-meter Level Augmentation) service provides a form of
364:
2193:
1937:
96:
4681:
4592:
4543:
4151:
4026:
3725:
3711:
3706:
3653:
3440:
3383:
2960:
2876:
2860:
2854:
2496:
2456:
2087:
2014:
1868:
1426:
1233:"Japan plans expansion of homegrown GPS network to 11 satellites"
891:
313:
230:
4700:
4528:
4460:
4032:
3913:
3828:
3823:
3610:
3529:
3524:
3485:
3480:
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3353:
3243:
3231:
3108:
3088:
2913:
2486:
2417:
2407:
2077:
1853:
1553:(in Japanese). Cabinet Office (Japan). 29 June 2020. p. 54
1452:, version 1.7, JAXA, 14 July 2016, pp. 7ā8, archived from
879:
601:
223:
218:
869:
318:
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
4674:
4518:
4239:
4106:
3955:
3833:
3802:
3745:
3615:
3217:
3205:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3093:
3076:
3071:
3066:
2908:
2881:
2349:
2019:
1210:"Japan Prepares for GPS Failure with Quasi-Zenith Satellites"
851:) service is a L6 augmentation service independent from CLAS.
533:
106:
101:
39:
3730:
2716:
2663:
2562:
2547:
2442:
2437:
2379:
973:
958:
844:. The band is referred to as L6 or LEX, for "experimental".
821:
The QZSS provides the following classes of public service:
732:
717:
2567:
2427:
2354:
1760:
1187:"Japan mulls seven-satellite QZSS system as a GPS backup"
858:
The other classes of service are not publicly available:
189:
1323:
201:
130:
119:
330:
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
1106:"[Movie] Quasi-Zenith Satellite System "QZSS""
1030:
796:
1436:(in Japanese). Cabinet Office, Government of Japan.
1333:. GPS World Online. 1 November 2007. Archived from
1427:National Space Policy Secretariat (12 June 2024).
2010:United Kingdom Global Navigation Satellite System
575:Heavier design with additional S-band antenna on
4758:
1838:
1709:
1682:
1676:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1356:http://www.spaceflightnow.com/news/n1304/04qzss/
1165:"Japan's QZSS service now officially available"
322:Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications
1049:Multi-functional Satellite Augmentation System
256:
61:Quasi-Zenith Satellite System Services Inc. /
4282:
2594:
2298:
2046:
1824:
1549:[Space Plan Schedule (2020 June 29)]
1460:
1359:Japan to build fleet of navigation satellites
811:Two-Way Satellite Time and Frequency Transfer
4440:
2825:
2060:
378:QZSS satellite Keplerian elements (nominal)
1602:
1600:
870:QZSS timekeeping and remote synchronization
2608:
2601:
2587:
2305:
2291:
2053:
2039:
1831:
1817:
1159:
1157:
38:
1787:JAXA Quasi-Zenith Satellite-1 "MICHIBIKI"
1782:JAXA MICHIBIKI data site, English subsite
1572:
1570:
1568:
1311:. Asian Surveying and Mapping. 7 May 2009
596:Improved solar panels and increased fuel
558:Improved solar panels and increased fuel
4252:Next Generation Small-Body Sample Return
2312:
1703:
1597:
1539:
1230:
1207:
1138:. Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS).
229:
217:
1647:
1154:
816:
326:Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry
14:
4759:
3961:Japanese Space Station Module (Mitsui)
1565:
275:to enhance the United States-operated
4439:
4281:
3986:
3886:
3885:
3572:
3571:
3321:
3320:
3034:
2824:
2643:
2582:
2286:
2034:
1812:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1208:Kriening, Torsten (23 January 2019).
442:Right ascension of the ascending node
4772:Satellite-based augmentation systems
1606:
1521:"Suspension of QZS-1 all operations"
1507:Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS)
1080:"Quasi-Zenith Satellite Orbit (QZO)"
4782:Spacecraft launched by H-II rockets
4767:Navigation satellite constellations
4066:Smart Lander for Investigating Moon
1408:from the original on 16 August 2018
1301:
1243:
1142:from the original on 10 August 2018
1110:Quasi-Zenith Satellite System(QZSS)
302:satellite-based augmentation system
269:satellite-based augmentation system
24:
2644:
2626:Symbol indicates failed projects.
2623:indicates projects in development.
1654:(1st ed.). Calgary: NovAtel.
1636:
1382:from the original on 9 August 2018
1289:from the original on 20 March 2012
1256:. 12 December 2008. Archived from
671:Quasi-geostationary around 190Ā° E
234:QZSS animation, the "Quasi-Zenith/
25:
4793:
3940:Japanese Experiment Module (KibÅ)
3936:International Space Station (ISS)
3001:Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope
1754:
1607:Ryan, Dorothy (3 December 2020).
1449:Interface Specifications for QZSS
1116:from the original on 15 July 2017
1086:from the original on 9 March 2018
797:QZSS and positioning augmentation
489:Central longitude of ground trace
3987:
2795:
2774:
2760:
2746:
2732:
2721:
2708:
1710:Fabrizio Tappero (24 May 2009).
1231:Kawahara, Satoshi (8 May 2023).
1033:
966:
951:
939:
927:
725:
710:
698:
686:
406:42,164 km (26,199 mi)
355:-type highly inclined, slightly
4100:Lunar Polar Exploration Mission
1683:Fabrizio Tappero (April 2008).
1627:
1513:
1494:
1440:
1420:
1394:
1368:
1349:
693:Around the Earth - Oblique view
304:for the United States operated
263:, is a four-satellite regional
1275:
1224:
1201:
1179:
1136:"Start of QZS-4 Trial Service"
1128:
1098:
1072:
13:
1:
2517:Quasi-Zenith Satellite System
1761:Government Of Japan QZSS site
1737:GPS World Online. 1 June 2003
1525:Quasi-Zenith Satellite System
1500:NAQU 2022059, accessible via
1065:
835:Wide Area Augmentation System
705:Around the Earth - Polar view
502:
244:Quasi-Zenith Satellite System
33:Quasi-Zenith Satellite System
2632:indicate cancelled projects.
1840:Satellite navigation systems
1687:(PhD thesis). Archived from
7:
1799:JAXA MICHIBIKI Special Site
1285:. JAXA. 11 September 2010.
1026:
10:
4798:
4198:Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer
2701:Joint development partners
1804:ESA Navipedia QZSS article
1743:Space.com 7 September 2004
1365: (archived 2013-04-11)
291:
238:" plot is clearly visible.
4666:
4552:
4453:
4449:
4435:
4384:
4333:
4294:
4290:
4284:Reconnaissance satellites
4277:
4246:Martian Moons eXploration
4206:
4175:
4127:
4120:
4075:
4053:
4008:
3999:
3995:
3982:
3948:
3928:
3898:
3894:
3881:
3842:
3816:
3582:
3578:
3567:
3538:
3449:
3333:
3329:
3316:
3269:
3188:
3056:
3052:
3037:Communications satellites
3030:
2948:
2922:
2837:
2833:
2820:
2700:
2656:
2652:
2639:
2616:
2525:
2507:Global Positioning System
2477:
2451:
2388:
2320:
2252:
2227:
2186:
2120:
2111:
2068:
1992:
1918:
1887:
1846:
1648:Jeffrey, Charles (2010).
1331:"GNSS All Over the World"
888:Global Positioning System
849:Precise Point Positioning
654:Geostationary at 90.5Ā° E
306:Global Positioning System
277:Global Positioning System
257:
196:
185:
180:
169:
164:
156:
148:
140:
129:
118:
113:
92:
84:
76:
68:
57:
49:
37:
2827:Astronomical observation
2062:Satellite constellations
1774:JAXA MICHIBIKI data site
1578:
1475:
1429:
1251:"Service Status of QZSS"
1189:. SpaceNews. 15 May 2017
720:- Equatorial view, front
388:26 December 2009, 12:00
351:and three satellites in
342:
3041:broadcasting satellites
2657:National space agencies
1792:22 January 2013 at the
1547:"å®å®åŗę¬čØē»å·„ēØč”Ø (令å2幓6ę29ę„)"
735:- Equatorial view, side
616:Replacement for QZS-1.
349:geostationary satellite
165:Orbital characteristics
4777:Space program of Japan
3907:Fuji crewed spacecraft
2610:Japanese space program
239:
227:
4188:BepiColombo (MMO/Mio)
3920:H-II Transfer Vehicle
837:. It transmits on L1.
361:geosynchronous orbits
233:
221:
50:Country/ies of origin
27:Navigation satellites
3045:satellite navigation
2314:Time signal stations
1476:ęŗ天é č”ęć®ļ¼ę©ä½å¶ć«åććéēŗć«ć¤ćć¦
817:Signals and services
286:satellite navigation
265:satellite navigation
2630:Strikethrough lines
1527:. 15 September 2023
1404:. Spaceflight Now.
1212:. SpaceWatch.Global
1008: Molniya orbit
986: Tundra orbit
584:QZS-4 (Michibiki-4)
577:geostationary orbit
563:QZS-3 (Michibiki-3)
546:QZS-2 (Michibiki-2)
527:QZS-1 (Michibiki-1)
457:Argument of perigee
379:
310:Mitsubishi Electric
273:Japanese government
34:
4084:Hakuto-R Mission 2
4016:Hakuto-R Mission 1
2000:GNSS reflectometry
1747:QZSS / MSAS Status
1579:å®å®åŗę¬čØē»ā¼ÆēØč”Øļ¼ä»¤åļ¼å¹“åŗ¦ę¹čØļ¼
1167:. 26 November 2018
1041:Spaceflight portal
538:Replaced by QZS-1R
377:
240:
228:
114:Constellation size
109:<10 cm (public)
32:
4754:
4753:
4750:
4749:
4746:
4745:
4431:
4430:
4427:
4426:
4273:
4272:
4269:
4268:
4265:
4264:
4214:Comet Interceptor
4116:
4115:
3978:
3977:
3974:
3973:
3888:Human spaceflight
3877:
3876:
3873:
3872:
3573:Engineering tests
3563:
3562:
3559:
3558:
3323:Earth observation
3312:
3311:
3308:
3307:
3026:
3025:
3022:
3021:
2816:
2815:
2812:
2811:
2576:
2575:
2469:Radio Data System
2280:
2279:
2248:
2247:
2028:
2027:
1920:GNSS augmentation
1721:978-3-639-16004-8
1661:978-0-9813754-0-3
1430:č”ęęø¬ä½ć«é¢ććåēµę¹é 2024
1402:"Launch Schedule"
1376:"Launch Schedule"
1337:on 23 August 2011
997: QZSS orbit
974:Earth fixed frame
959:Earth fixed frame
921:- equatorial view
917:, QZSS orbit and
831:GNSS augmentation
733:Earth fixed frame
718:Earth fixed frame
680:Animation of QZSS
675:
674:
530:11 September 2010
496:
495:
271:developed by the
250:), also known as
216:
215:
144:11 September 2010
99:<10 m (public)
16:(Redirected from
4789:
4510:Kanta-kun (WEOS)
4451:
4450:
4443:small satellites
4437:
4436:
4355:Experimentally 5
4313:Experimentally 3
4292:
4291:
4279:
4278:
4125:
4124:
4006:
4005:
3997:
3996:
3984:
3983:
3896:
3895:
3883:
3882:
3580:
3579:
3569:
3568:
3331:
3330:
3318:
3317:
3054:
3053:
3032:
3031:
2986:
2974:
2835:
2834:
2822:
2821:
2801:
2799:
2798:
2780:
2778:
2777:
2766:
2764:
2763:
2752:
2750:
2749:
2738:
2736:
2735:
2725:
2714:
2712:
2711:
2654:
2653:
2641:
2640:
2603:
2596:
2589:
2580:
2579:
2307:
2300:
2293:
2284:
2283:
2118:
2117:
2055:
2048:
2041:
2032:
2031:
1964:QZSS / Michibiki
1833:
1826:
1819:
1810:
1809:
1778:
1770:
1726:
1725:
1707:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1680:
1674:
1673:
1645:
1634:
1631:
1625:
1624:
1618:
1616:
1604:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1584:
1574:
1563:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1552:
1543:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1517:
1511:
1510:
1498:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1481:
1471:
1458:
1457:
1444:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1424:
1418:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1398:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1372:
1366:
1353:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1327:
1321:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1279:
1273:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1262:
1255:
1247:
1241:
1240:
1228:
1222:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1183:
1177:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1161:
1152:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1132:
1126:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1102:
1096:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1076:
1043:
1038:
1037:
1036:
1020:
1018:
1009:
1007:
998:
996:
987:
985:
970:
955:
943:
931:
790:
788:
779:
777:
768:
766:
757:
755:
746:
744:
729:
714:
702:
690:
507:
506:
380:
376:
372:orbital elements
262:
260:
259:
212:
209:
207:
205:
203:
132:
121:
108:
104:<1 m (public)
103:
98:
42:
35:
31:
21:
4797:
4796:
4792:
4791:
4790:
4788:
4787:
4786:
4757:
4756:
4755:
4742:
4662:
4548:
4445:
4423:
4380:
4329:
4286:
4261:
4202:
4171:
4112:
4071:
4049:
4033:Kaguya (SELENE)
3991:
3970:
3944:
3924:
3890:
3869:
3838:
3812:
3574:
3555:
3534:
3445:
3325:
3304:
3265:
3184:
3048:
3018:
2980:
2968:
2944:
2918:
2829:
2808:
2796:
2794:
2775:
2773:
2761:
2759:
2747:
2745:
2733:
2731:
2709:
2707:
2696:
2648:
2635:
2612:
2607:
2577:
2572:
2521:
2473:
2447:
2384:
2370:TDF time signal
2316:
2311:
2281:
2276:
2244:
2223:
2182:
2107:
2064:
2059:
2029:
2024:
1988:
1914:
1883:
1842:
1837:
1794:Wayback Machine
1776:
1768:
1757:
1752:
1730:
1729:
1722:
1708:
1704:
1694:
1692:
1691:on 7 March 2011
1681:
1677:
1662:
1646:
1637:
1632:
1628:
1614:
1612:
1605:
1598:
1588:
1586:
1582:
1580:
1576:
1575:
1566:
1556:
1554:
1550:
1545:
1544:
1540:
1530:
1528:
1519:
1518:
1514:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1485:
1483:
1479:
1477:
1473:
1472:
1461:
1456:on 6 April 2013
1446:
1445:
1441:
1433:
1431:
1425:
1421:
1411:
1409:
1400:
1399:
1395:
1385:
1383:
1374:
1373:
1369:
1363:Wayback Machine
1354:
1350:
1340:
1338:
1329:
1328:
1324:
1314:
1312:
1307:
1306:
1302:
1292:
1290:
1281:
1280:
1276:
1266:
1264:
1263:on 25 July 2011
1260:
1253:
1249:
1248:
1244:
1229:
1225:
1215:
1213:
1206:
1202:
1192:
1190:
1185:
1184:
1180:
1170:
1168:
1163:
1162:
1155:
1145:
1143:
1134:
1133:
1129:
1119:
1117:
1104:
1103:
1099:
1089:
1087:
1078:
1077:
1073:
1068:
1039:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1024:
1023:
1022:
1021:
1016:
1015:
1005:
1004:
994:
993:
983:
982:
979:
978:
977:
971:
963:
962:
956:
948:
947:
944:
936:
935:
932:
923:
922:
872:
819:
799:
794:
793:
792:
791:
786:
785:
775:
774:
764:
763:
753:
752:
742:
741:
738:
737:
736:
730:
722:
721:
715:
707:
706:
703:
695:
694:
691:
682:
681:
607:26 October 2021
587:10 October 2017
505:
484:305Ā° (initial)
480:
451:195Ā° (initial)
345:
294:
254:
226:satellite orbit
200:
152:26 October 2021
105:
100:
45:
44:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4795:
4785:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4752:
4751:
4748:
4747:
4744:
4743:
4741:
4740:
4733:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4709:
4704:
4697:
4692:
4685:
4678:
4670:
4668:
4664:
4663:
4661:
4660:
4659:
4658:
4653:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4614:
4613:
4607:
4606:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4571:
4570:
4565:
4556:
4554:
4550:
4549:
4547:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4487:
4486:
4481:
4473:
4472:
4471:
4463:
4457:
4455:
4447:
4446:
4433:
4432:
4429:
4428:
4425:
4424:
4422:
4421:
4420:
4419:
4416:
4406:
4405:
4404:
4399:
4388:
4386:
4382:
4381:
4379:
4378:
4377:
4376:
4373:
4370:
4367:
4364:
4358:
4357:
4356:
4353:
4350:
4347:
4344:
4337:
4335:
4331:
4330:
4328:
4327:
4326:
4325:
4322:
4316:
4315:
4314:
4311:
4308:
4298:
4296:
4288:
4287:
4275:
4274:
4271:
4270:
4267:
4266:
4263:
4262:
4260:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4242:
4237:
4230:
4223:
4216:
4210:
4208:
4204:
4203:
4201:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4179:
4177:
4173:
4172:
4170:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4137:
4131:
4129:
4122:
4118:
4117:
4114:
4113:
4111:
4110:
4103:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4079:
4077:
4073:
4072:
4070:
4069:
4063:
4057:
4055:
4051:
4050:
4048:
4047:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4023:
4018:
4012:
4010:
4003:
3993:
3992:
3980:
3979:
3976:
3975:
3972:
3971:
3969:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3952:
3950:
3946:
3945:
3943:
3942:
3932:
3930:
3926:
3925:
3923:
3922:
3917:
3910:
3902:
3900:
3892:
3891:
3879:
3878:
3875:
3874:
3871:
3870:
3868:
3867:
3864:
3859:
3852:
3846:
3844:
3840:
3839:
3837:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3820:
3818:
3814:
3813:
3811:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3789:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3765:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3716:
3715:
3714:
3709:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3682:Micro LabSat-1
3679:
3676:
3675:
3674:
3671:
3663:
3662:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3605:
3602:
3601:
3600:
3595:
3586:
3584:
3576:
3575:
3565:
3564:
3561:
3560:
3557:
3556:
3554:
3553:
3548:
3542:
3540:
3536:
3535:
3533:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3521:
3520:
3515:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3489:
3488:
3483:
3475:
3474:
3473:
3470:
3464:
3459:
3453:
3451:
3447:
3446:
3444:
3443:
3438:
3437:
3436:
3431:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3407:
3406:
3401:
3393:
3392:
3391:
3386:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3357:
3356:
3351:
3343:
3337:
3335:
3327:
3326:
3314:
3313:
3310:
3309:
3306:
3305:
3303:
3302:
3301:
3300:
3297:
3294:
3286:
3285:
3284:
3273:
3271:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3263:
3258:
3257:
3256:
3251:
3241:
3236:
3235:
3234:
3229:
3226:
3223:
3220:
3210:
3209:
3208:
3203:
3192:
3190:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3182:
3181:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3150:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3123:
3122:
3121:
3116:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3080:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3060:
3058:
3050:
3049:
3028:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3016:
3011:
3004:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2975:
2963:
2958:
2952:
2950:
2946:
2945:
2943:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2926:
2924:
2920:
2919:
2917:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2841:
2839:
2831:
2830:
2818:
2817:
2814:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2806:
2792:
2791:
2790:
2771:
2757:
2743:
2729:
2719:
2715:United States
2704:
2702:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2683:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2660:
2658:
2650:
2649:
2646:Space agencies
2637:
2636:
2634:
2633:
2627:
2624:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2606:
2605:
2598:
2591:
2583:
2574:
2573:
2571:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2529:
2527:
2523:
2522:
2520:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2483:
2481:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2471:
2465:
2463:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2394:
2392:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2326:
2324:
2318:
2317:
2310:
2309:
2302:
2295:
2287:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2258:
2256:
2250:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2242:
2237:
2231:
2229:
2225:
2224:
2222:
2221:
2219:Thousand Sails
2216:
2211:
2209:Kuiper Systems
2206:
2201:
2196:
2190:
2188:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2124:
2122:
2115:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2074:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2058:
2057:
2050:
2043:
2035:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1996:
1994:
1993:Related topics
1990:
1989:
1987:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1935:
1930:
1924:
1922:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1895:BDS / BeiDou-1
1891:
1889:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1850:
1848:
1844:
1843:
1836:
1835:
1828:
1821:
1813:
1807:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1784:
1779:
1771:
1766:JAXA QZSS site
1763:
1756:
1755:External links
1753:
1751:
1750:
1744:
1738:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1720:
1714:. VDM Verlag.
1702:
1675:
1660:
1635:
1626:
1596:
1564:
1538:
1512:
1503:"NAQU Message"
1493:
1459:
1439:
1419:
1393:
1367:
1348:
1322:
1309:"QZSS in 2010"
1300:
1274:
1242:
1223:
1200:
1178:
1153:
1127:
1097:
1070:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1062:
1057:
1055:Inclined orbit
1052:
1045:
1044:
1028:
1025:
981:
980:
972:
965:
964:
957:
950:
949:
945:
938:
937:
933:
926:
925:
924:
913:Comparison of
912:
911:
910:
909:
871:
868:
867:
866:
863:
856:
855:
852:
845:
838:
827:
818:
815:
798:
795:
740:
739:
731:
724:
723:
716:
709:
708:
704:
697:
696:
692:
685:
684:
683:
679:
678:
677:
676:
673:
672:
669:
666:
663:
660:
656:
655:
652:
649:
646:
643:
639:
638:
636:
633:
628:
622:
618:
617:
614:
611:
608:
605:
604:(Michibiki-1R)
598:
597:
594:
591:
588:
585:
581:
580:
573:
570:
567:
566:19 August 2017
564:
560:
559:
556:
553:
550:
547:
543:
542:
539:
536:
531:
528:
524:
523:
520:
517:
516:Launch Vehicle
514:
511:
504:
501:
494:
493:
490:
486:
485:
482:
478:
468:
467:
464:
453:
452:
449:
438:
437:
434:
423:
422:
421:0.075 Ā± 0.015
419:
408:
407:
404:
397:Semimajor axis
393:
392:
386:
347:QZSS uses one
344:
341:
293:
290:
214:
213:
198:
194:
193:
187:
183:
182:
178:
177:
171:
167:
166:
162:
161:
158:
157:Total launches
154:
153:
150:
146:
145:
142:
138:
137:
134:
131:Current usable
127:
126:
123:
116:
115:
111:
110:
94:
90:
89:
86:
82:
81:
78:
74:
73:
70:
66:
65:
63:Cabinet Office
59:
55:
54:
51:
47:
46:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4794:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4764:
4762:
4739:
4738:
4737:WNI satellite
4734:
4732:
4731:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4714:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4702:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4690:
4686:
4684:
4683:
4679:
4677:
4676:
4672:
4671:
4669:
4665:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4648:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4611:
4610:
4608:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4585:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4560:
4558:
4557:
4555:
4551:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4476:
4474:
4470:
4467:
4466:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4458:
4456:
4452:
4448:
4444:
4438:
4434:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4411:
4410:
4407:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4394:
4393:
4390:
4389:
4387:
4383:
4374:
4371:
4368:
4365:
4362:
4361:
4359:
4354:
4351:
4348:
4345:
4342:
4341:
4339:
4338:
4336:
4332:
4323:
4320:
4319:
4317:
4312:
4309:
4306:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4299:
4297:
4293:
4289:
4285:
4280:
4276:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4247:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4235:
4231:
4229:
4228:
4224:
4222:
4221:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4211:
4209:
4205:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4180:
4178:
4174:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4142:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4132:
4130:
4126:
4123:
4119:
4109:
4108:
4104:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4095:Lunar Cruiser
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4085:
4081:
4080:
4078:
4074:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4058:
4056:
4052:
4046:
4045:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4028:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4013:
4011:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3998:
3994:
3990:
3985:
3981:
3967:
3966:Lunar Gateway
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3953:
3951:
3947:
3941:
3937:
3934:
3933:
3931:
3927:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3915:
3911:
3909:
3908:
3904:
3903:
3901:
3897:
3893:
3889:
3884:
3880:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3857:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3847:
3845:
3841:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3821:
3819:
3815:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3768:
3766:
3764:
3763:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3721:
3717:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3704:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3677:
3672:
3669:
3668:
3667:
3664:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3621:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3606:
3603:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3590:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3581:
3577:
3570:
3566:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3543:
3541:
3537:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3510:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3478:
3476:
3471:
3468:
3467:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3448:
3442:
3439:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3426:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3396:
3394:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3346:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3338:
3336:
3332:
3328:
3324:
3319:
3315:
3298:
3295:
3292:
3291:
3290:
3287:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3278:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3268:
3262:
3259:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3246:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3233:
3230:
3227:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3215:
3214:
3211:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3198:
3197:
3194:
3193:
3191:
3187:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3155:
3154:
3151:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3111:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3062:
3061:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3033:
3029:
3015:
3014:Small-JASMINE
3012:
3010:
3009:
3005:
3003:
3002:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2984:
2979:
2976:
2972:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2947:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2927:
2925:
2921:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2899:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2862:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2842:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2823:
2819:
2805:
2793:
2789:
2786:
2785:
2784:
2772:
2770:
2758:
2756:
2744:
2742:
2730:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2718:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2699:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2667:
2666:
2665:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2642:
2638:
2631:
2628:
2625:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2615:
2611:
2604:
2599:
2597:
2592:
2590:
2585:
2584:
2581:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2524:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2484:
2482:
2480:
2476:
2470:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2393:
2391:
2387:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2375:Time from NPL
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2327:
2325:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2308:
2303:
2301:
2296:
2294:
2289:
2288:
2285:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2255:
2251:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2232:
2230:
2226:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2185:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2125:
2123:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2113:Communication
2110:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2056:
2051:
2049:
2044:
2042:
2037:
2036:
2033:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2005:Kalman filter
2003:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1991:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1917:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1886:
1880:
1879:IRNSS / NAVIC
1877:
1875:
1874:GPS / NavStar
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1834:
1829:
1827:
1822:
1820:
1815:
1814:
1811:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1791:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1777:(in Japanese)
1775:
1772:
1769:(in Japanese)
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1758:
1748:
1745:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1732:
1723:
1717:
1713:
1706:
1690:
1686:
1679:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1657:
1653:
1652:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1630:
1623:
1622:respectively.
1610:
1603:
1601:
1581:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1548:
1542:
1526:
1522:
1516:
1508:
1504:
1497:
1478:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1455:
1451:
1450:
1443:
1432:
1423:
1407:
1403:
1397:
1381:
1377:
1371:
1364:
1360:
1357:
1352:
1336:
1332:
1326:
1310:
1304:
1288:
1284:
1278:
1259:
1252:
1246:
1238:
1234:
1227:
1211:
1204:
1188:
1182:
1166:
1160:
1158:
1141:
1137:
1131:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1101:
1085:
1081:
1075:
1071:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1042:
1031:
1013:
1002:
991:
975:
969:
960:
954:
942:
930:
920:
919:Molniya orbit
916:
908:
906:
902:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
876:
864:
861:
860:
859:
853:
850:
846:
843:
839:
836:
832:
828:
824:
823:
822:
814:
812:
808:
807:atomic clocks
804:
803:urban canyons
783:
772:
761:
756: QZS-1
750:
734:
728:
719:
713:
701:
689:
670:
667:
664:
661:
658:
657:
653:
650:
647:
644:
641:
640:
637:
634:
632:
629:
626:
623:
620:
619:
615:
612:
609:
606:
603:
600:
599:
595:
592:
589:
586:
583:
582:
578:
574:
571:
568:
565:
562:
561:
557:
554:
551:
548:
545:
544:
540:
537:
535:
532:
529:
526:
525:
521:
518:
515:
512:
509:
508:
500:
491:
488:
487:
483:
477:
473:
470:
469:
465:
462:
458:
455:
454:
450:
447:
443:
440:
439:
435:
432:
428:
425:
424:
420:
417:
413:
410:
409:
405:
402:
398:
395:
394:
391:
387:
385:
382:
381:
375:
373:
368:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
340:
337:
333:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
300:system and a
299:
298:time transfer
289:
287:
282:
279:(GPS) in the
278:
274:
270:
267:system and a
266:
253:
249:
245:
237:
232:
225:
220:
211:
199:
195:
191:
188:
184:
181:Other details
179:
176:
172:
168:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
128:
124:
117:
112:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
41:
36:
30:
19:
4735:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4711:
4706:
4699:
4694:
4687:
4680:
4673:
4413:
4408:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4340:IGS-Optical
4244:
4232:
4225:
4218:
4141:Hayabusa Mk2
4139:
4105:
4082:
4042:
4025:
3989:Space probes
3912:
3905:
3854:
3760:
3718:
3288:
3212:
3008:Nano-JASMINE
3006:
2999:
2896:
2859:
2629:
2620:
2516:
2102:
1963:
1711:
1705:
1693:. Retrieved
1689:the original
1678:
1650:
1629:
1620:
1613:. Retrieved
1587:. Retrieved
1555:. Retrieved
1541:
1531:16 September
1529:. Retrieved
1524:
1515:
1506:
1496:
1484:. Retrieved
1454:the original
1448:
1442:
1422:
1410:. Retrieved
1396:
1384:. Retrieved
1370:
1351:
1339:. Retrieved
1335:the original
1325:
1313:. Retrieved
1303:
1291:. Retrieved
1277:
1265:. Retrieved
1258:the original
1245:
1236:
1226:
1214:. Retrieved
1203:
1191:. Retrieved
1181:
1169:. Retrieved
1144:. Retrieved
1130:
1118:. Retrieved
1109:
1100:
1088:. Retrieved
1074:
1060:Tundra orbit
1011:
1000:
989:
961:, Front view
915:Tundra orbit
904:
900:
877:
873:
857:
820:
800:
781:
770:
759:
748:
745: Earth
497:
492:135Ā° E Ā± 5Ā°
475:
472:Mean anomaly
460:
445:
430:
415:
412:Eccentricity
400:
370:The nominal
369:
346:
338:
334:
295:
281:Asia-Oceania
251:
247:
243:
241:
236:tundra orbit
141:First launch
29:
4730:Wisseed Sat
4539:Waseda-SAT2
4392:IGS-Optical
3862:G-SATELLITE
2981: [
2969: [
2254:Observation
2214:SpaceMobile
2121:Operational
1847:Operational
1341:12 December
1293:12 December
1237:Nikkei Asia
1019: Earth
976:, Side view
789: QZS-4
778: QZS-3
767: QZS-2
613:Operational
593:Operational
572:Operational
555:Operational
549:1 June 2017
513:Launch date
427:Inclination
192:170 billion
149:Last launch
80:Operational
58:Operator(s)
4761:Categories
4713:SpaceTuna1
4584:Hodoyoshi
4360:IGS-Radar
4318:IGS-Radar
4038:OMOTENASHI
3762:SmartSat-1
2978:HiZ-GUNDAM
2204:O3b mPOWER
2138:Globalstar
2070:Navigation
1888:Historical
1670:1036065024
1615:6 December
1557:6 December
1171:11 January
1066:References
934:Front view
579:at 127Ā° E
503:Satellites
466:270Ā° Ā± 2Ā°
357:elliptical
328:, and the
133:satellites
122:satellites
4689:OPUSAT-II
4623:PROITERES
4568:1.7+APDII
4409:IGS-Radar
4304:-Optical
4227:Dragonfly
4193:Hayabusa2
3493:EarthCARE
3213:Michibiki
3084:Kakehashi
2966:GREX-PLUS
2769:Roscosmos
2558:Radio VNG
2479:Satellite
2390:Shortwave
2240:Teledesic
2228:Abandoned
1940:(retired)
1695:10 August
1412:20 August
1386:20 August
1216:10 August
1193:10 August
946:Side view
436:43Ā° Ā± 4Ā°
365:analemmas
252:Michibiki
170:Regime(s)
4695:QSAT-EOS
4643:SOCRATES
4633:Raijin-2
4506:Kagayaki
4441:Private
4220:DESTINY+
4183:Akatsuki
4157:Sakigake
4135:Hayabusa
4090:HERACLES
4061:EQUULEUS
4044:SELENE-2
4001:The Moon
3866:SERVIS-3
3741:SERVIS-2
3736:SERVIS-1
3546:GOSAT-GW
3525:Shikisai
3513:original
3503:Himawari
3196:Kirameki
3125:Sakura (
2995:LiteBIRD
2887:Hinotori
2423:ROA Time
2322:Longwave
2272:RapidEye
2267:Pleiades
2235:Celestri
2187:Proposed
2163:Tianlian
2158:Starlink
1974:StarFire
1969:SouthPAN
1905:Timation
1790:Archived
1406:Archived
1380:Archived
1287:Archived
1140:Archived
1114:Archived
1090:10 March
1084:Archived
1027:See also
93:Accuracy
88:Regional
85:Coverage
72:Civilian
4724:TSUBAME
4707:SOMESAT
4682:KITSUNE
4544:WE WISH
4524:Negaiāā³
4519:Maido-1
4501:HIT-SAT
4469:1.7+APD
4162:Shin'en
4152:PROCYON
4102:(LUPEX)
4027:Lunar-A
3803:Tsubasa
3798:Tsubame
3767:Tansei
3756:Shinsei
3726:RAPIS-1
3697:Orizuru
3607:EXPRESS
3530:Shizuku
3477:Daichi
3466:ASNARO
3441:Geotail
3411:Ohozora
3380:Midori
3371:Jikiken
3345:Daichi
3341:Akebono
3047:systems
2990:LAPYUTA
2961:SOLAR-C
2877:Hakucho
2861:Astro-G
2855:ASTRO-E
2781:Brazil
2767:Russia
2753:Canada
2668:former
2621:Italics
2526:Defunct
2502:Galileo
2497:GLONASS
2153:Orbcomm
2143:Iridium
2088:GLONASS
2083:Galileo
2015:Wavelet
1910:Tsiklon
1900:Transit
1869:GLONASS
1864:Galileo
1589:4 March
1486:4 March
1361:at the
1120:19 July
892:GLONASS
890:(GPS),
884:Galileo
842:Galileo
668:Planned
662:JFY2025
651:Planned
645:JFY2025
635:Planned
314:Hitachi
292:History
197:Website
120:Nominal
4719:SPROUT
4701:RSP-01
4667:Future
4628:Raijin
4618:Kiseki
4609:Horyu
4580:Hitomi
4575:Fuji-3
4553:Active
4529:Niwaka
4496:HIBARI
4491:Hayato
4461:CosMoz
4385:Future
4334:Active
4207:Future
4176:Active
4167:Suisei
4147:Nozomi
4121:Others
4076:Future
4068:(SLIM)
4054:Active
3949:Future
3938:&
3929:Active
3914:HOPE-X
3856:ETS-IX
3843:Future
3829:Reimei
3824:Ajisai
3817:Active
3793:Tasuki
3731:Ryusei
3720:PETSAT
3692:Ohsumi
3616:Jindai
3611:IKAROS
3589:Ayame
3539:Future
3450:Active
3376:Kyokko
3366:Fuyo-1
3270:Future
3244:N-STAR
3189:Active
3109:N-STAR
3099:Kodama
3094:Kizuna
3089:Kirari
2956:ATHENA
2949:Future
2935:Hisaki
2930:Hinode
2923:Active
2914:Yohkoh
2904:Suzaku
2892:Hitomi
2802:India
2800:
2779:
2765:
2751:
2739:Italy
2737:
2713:
2487:BeiDou
2418:JN53DV
2408:HD2IOA
2262:Planet
2199:OneWeb
2173:ViaSat
2078:BeiDou
1854:BeiDou
1718:
1668:
1658:
1051:(MSAS)
1017:
1012:·
1010:
1006:
1001:·
999:
995:
990:·
988:
984:
880:BeiDou
787:
782:·
780:
776:
771:·
769:
765:
760:·
758:
754:
749:·
747:
743:
602:QZS-1R
522:Notes
519:Status
353:Tundra
324:, the
320:, the
224:Zenith
222:Quasi-
77:Status
4675:DRUMS
4638:SEEDS
4559:CUTE
4534:RAIKO
4514:KÅ«kai
4475:Fuji
4465:CUTE
4369:Spare
4257:TEREX
4240:MELOS
4107:Yaoki
4021:Hiten
3956:HTV-X
3834:SDS-4
3808:USERS
3746:SDS-1
3702:RAISE
3687:Myojo
3666:LDREX
3620:Kiku
3508:Ibuki
3462:Arase
3416:Taiyo
3395:Momo
3361:Denpa
3239:MTSAT
3104:MBSat
2985:]
2973:]
2940:XRISM
2909:Tenma
2898:SPICA
2882:HALCA
2872:Ginga
2867:CORSA
2845:Akari
2680:NASDA
2512:IRNSS
2492:DORIS
2350:DCF77
2194:IRISĀ²
2098:IRNSS
2020:RINEX
1959:NTRIP
1944:JPALS
1938:GPSĀ·C
1933:GAGAN
1928:EGNOS
1859:DORIS
1611:. MIT
1583:(PDF)
1551:(PDF)
1480:(PDF)
1434:(PDF)
1315:7 May
1267:7 May
1261:(PDF)
1254:(PDF)
1146:2 May
1014:
1003:
992:
896:NavIC
784:
773:
762:
751:
659:QZS-7
642:QZS-6
621:QZS-5
610:H-IIA
590:H-IIA
569:H-IIA
552:H-IIA
534:H-IIA
384:Epoch
374:are:
343:Orbit
53:Japan
4454:Past
4295:Past
4234:Hera
4128:Past
4009:Past
3899:Past
3850:BEAK
3604:DASH
3583:Past
3457:Aqua
3425:Ume
3421:TRMM
3334:Past
3261:JDRS
3153:Yuri
3057:Past
3043:and
2850:ASCA
2838:Past
2804:ISRO
2788:INPE
2717:NASA
2687:NICT
2670:ISAS
2664:JAXA
2563:WWVL
2548:OLB5
2443:YVTO
2438:WWVH
2380:WWVB
2345:Beta
2168:TDRS
2133:DSCS
2128:BGAN
2103:QZSS
1984:SDCM
1979:WAAS
1954:MSAS
1949:LAAS
1716:ISBN
1697:2013
1666:OCLC
1656:ISBN
1617:2020
1591:2024
1559:2020
1533:2023
1488:2024
1414:2017
1388:2017
1343:2011
1317:2009
1295:2011
1269:2009
1218:2019
1195:2019
1173:2019
1148:2018
1122:2017
1092:2018
903:and
826:GPS.
627:2024
510:Name
258:ćæć”ć³ć
248:QZSS
242:The
202:qzss
186:Cost
107:CLAS
102:SLAS
69:Type
18:QZSS
4647:XI
4302:IGS
3751:SFU
3678:LRE
3551:PMM
3498:GPM
3289:QZS
3277:DSN
3063:BS
2783:AEB
2755:CSA
2741:ASI
2727:ESA
2692:JSS
2675:NAL
2568:Y3S
2553:OMA
2543:NAA
2538:HBG
2533:BSF
2461:UHF
2453:VHF
2433:WWV
2428:RWM
2413:HLA
2403:CHU
2398:BPM
2365:RTZ
2360:RBU
2355:JJY
2340:BSF
2335:BPL
2330:BPC
2178:WGS
2148:O3b
2093:GPS
894:or
625:JFY
390:UTC
208:/en
206:.jp
204:.go
190:JPY
175:GSO
173:3x
97:PNT
4763::
4651:IV
3404:1b
3389:II
3232:1R
3178:3b
3173:3a
3168:2b
3163:2a
3147:3b
3142:3a
3137:2b
3132:2a
3077:3N
3072:3H
3067:2X
3039:,
2983:ja
2971:ja
2457:FM
1664:.
1638:^
1619:.
1599:^
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1505:.
1462:^
1378:.
1235:.
1156:^
1112:.
1108:.
1082:.
907:.
886:,
882:,
665:H3
648:H3
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332:.
312:,
4656:V
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2459:/
2455:/
2306:e
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481:)
479:0
476:M
474:(
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429:(
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414:(
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