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Q fever

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42: 81: 367: 536: 679:. Additionally, certain populations have been found to be more vulnerable to Q fever, including children living in farming communities, who may experience similar symptoms as adults. There have also been reported cases of Q fever among United States military service members, particularly those deployed to Iraq or Afghanistan, which further highlights the importance of understanding and addressing the occupational risks associated with Q fever. 3842: 701: 911:(sheep and goats), it is dominated by abortions, premature births, stillbirths, and the birth of weak lambs or kids. One of the characteristics of abortions in goats is that they are very frequent and clustered in the first year or two after contamination of the farm. This is known as an abortion storm. 461:
In 2001, Australia introduced a national Q fever vaccination program for people working in "at risk" occupations. Vaccinated or previously exposed people may have their status recorded on the Australian Q Fever Register, which may be a condition of employment in the meat processing industry
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Interdisciplinary collaboration between medical personnel and farmers is critical when developing strategies for control and prevention in a community. Awareness campaigns should particularly target occupations that work with livestock, focusing on risk-reduction procedures such as herd monitoring,
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farming practices and the potential risks of zoonotic diseases. Similarly, in the United States, Q fever is more common in livestock farming regions, especially in the West and the Great Plains. California, Texas, and Iowa account for almost 40% of reported cases, with a higher incidence during the
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With the exception of New Zealand, which is currently free of Q fever, the disease is present throughout the world. Numerous epidemiological surveys have been carried out. They have shown that about one in three cattle farms and one in four sheep or goat farms are infected, but wide variations are
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These outbreaks have affected a significant number of people, with immunocompromised individuals being more severely impacted. The global nature of Q fever and its association with livestock farming highlight the importance of implementing measures to prevent and control the spread of the disease,
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organisms. Skin and blood tests should be done before vaccination to identify pre-existing immunity, because vaccinating people who already have immunity can result in a severe local reaction. After a single dose of vaccine, protective immunity lasts for many years. Revaccination is not generally
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or doxycycline with hydroxychloroquine. If a person has chronic Q fever, doxycycline and hydroxychloroquine will be prescribed for at least 18 months. Q fever in pregnancy is especially difficult to treat because doxycycline and ciprofloxacin are contraindicated in pregnancy. The preferred
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Older men in the West and Great Plains regions, involved in close contact with livestock management, are at a higher risk of contracting chronic Q fever. This risk may be further increased for those with a history of cardiac problems. The disease can manifest years after the initial infection,
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caused by a highly sustainable and virulent bacterium. The pathogenic agent is found worldwide, with the exception of New Zealand and Antarctica. Understanding the transmission and risk factors of Q fever is crucial for public health due to its potential to cause widespread infection.
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In contrast to humans, though a respiratory and cardiac infection could be experimentally reproduced in cattle, the clinical signs mainly affect the reproductive system. Q fever in ruminants is, therefore, mainly responsible for abortions, metritis, retained placenta, and infertility.
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Proper public health education is crucial in reducing the number of Q fever cases. Raising awareness about transmission routes, occupational risks, and preventive measures, such as eliminating unpasteurized milk products from the diet, can help prevent the spread of disease.
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seen between studies and countries. In China, Iran, Great Britain, Germany, Hungary, the Netherlands, Spain, the US, Belgium, Denmark, Croatia, Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Serbia, Slovenia, and Jordan, for example, more than 50% of cattle herds were infected with Q fever.
734:. The "Q" stands for "query" and was applied at a time when the causative agent was unknown; it was chosen over suggestions of abattoir fever and Queensland rickettsial fever, to avoid directing negative connotations at either the cattle industry or the state of Queensland. 385:
response) rather than looking for the organism itself. Serology allows the detection of chronic infection by the appearance of high levels of the antibody against the virulent form of the bacterium. Molecular detection of bacterial DNA is increasingly used. Contrary to most
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It is important to note that anyone who has contact with animals infected with Q fever bacteria, especially people who work on farms or with animals, is at an increased risk of contracting the disease. Understanding these occupational risks is crucial for public health.
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Preliminary results suggest vaccination of animals may be a method of control. Published trials proved that use of a registered phase vaccine (Coxevac) on infected farms is a tool of major interest to manage or prevent early or late abortion, repeat breeding,
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Infected animals shed the bacteria by three routes - genital discharge, faeces, and milk. Excretion is greatest at the time of parturition or abortion, and placentas and aborted fetuses are the main sources of bacteria, particularly in goats.
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Studies indicate a higher prevalence of Q fever in men than in women, potentially linked to occupational exposure rates. Other contributing risk factors include geography, age, and occupational exposure. Diagnosis relies on
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In cattle, although abortions also occur, they are less frequent and more sporadic. The clinical picture is rather dominated by nonspecific signs such as placental retentions, metritis, and consequent fertility disorders.
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implementing sanitation practices and personal protective equipment, and vaccinating animals. Locating livestock farms at least 500 meters away from residential areas can also help reduce animal-to-human transmission.
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agent to other animals. While human-to-human transmission is rare, often associated with the transmission of birth products, sexual contact, and blood transfusion, certain occupations pose higher risks for Q fever:
878:. It can be contagious, and is very stable in aerosols in a wide range of temperatures. Q fever microorganisms may survive on surfaces up to 60 days. It is considered a good agent in part because its ID 8150: 8135: 835:
The United States investigated it as a potential biological warfare agent in the 1950s, with eventual standardization as agent OU. At Fort Detrick and Dugway Proving Ground, human trials were conducted on
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Q fever can affect many species of domestic and wild animals, including ruminants (cattle, sheep, goats, bison, deer species...), carnivores (dogs, cats, seals...), rodents, reptiles and birds. However,
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of the inner lining of the heart), which can occur months or decades following the infection. It is usually fatal if untreated. However, with appropriate treatment, the mortality falls to around 10%.
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A vaccine for cattle, goats and sheep exists. It reduces clinical expression such as abortions and decreases excretion of the bacteria by the animals leading to control of Q fever in herds.
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Q fever exhibits global epidemiological patterns, with higher incidence rates reported in certain countries. In Africa, wild animals in rainforests primarily transmit the disease, making it
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Impact de la vaccination et de l'antibiothérapie sur l'incidence des troubles de la reproduction et sur la fertilité dans des troupeaux bovins laitiers infectés par Coxiella Burnetii
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Kirchgessner MS, Dubovi EJ, Whipps CM (November 2012). "Seroepidemiology of Coxiella burnetii in wild white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in New York, United States".
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Kuhne F, Morlat P, Riss I, Dominguez M, Hostyn P, Carniel N, et al. (1992). "" [Is A29, B12 vasculitis caused by the Q fever agent? (Coxiella burnetii)].
756: 343: 5971: 2667: 1624: 650:. Unique patterns are observed in Latin America, but reporting is sporadic and inconsistent between and among countries, making it difficult to track and address. 4300: 1586: 559:
Transmission primarily occurs through the inhalation of contaminated dust, contact with contaminated milk, meat, or wool, and particularly birthing products.
643:. It is worth noting that Q fever was officially reported in the United States as a notifiable disease in 1999 due to its potential biowarfare agent status. 6241: 4412: 4356: 817:) tires of his protĂ©gĂ© working fruitlessly on "exotic diagnoses" ("I think it's Q fever!") and sends him to work in a neighborhood clinic, instead. 3299:
Guatteo R, Seegers H, Taurel AF, Joly A, Beaudeau F (April 2011). "Prevalence of Coxiella burnetii infection in domestic ruminants: a critical review".
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is small and resistant in the environment, it is easily airborne and can be transmitted from one farm to another, even if several kilometres away.
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The level of hygiene must be very high during parturition and fetal annexes, and fetuses must be collected and destroyed as soon as possible
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is also used. Chronic Q fever is more difficult to treat and can require up to four years of treatment with doxycycline and
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Protection is offered by Q-Vax, a whole-cell, inactivated vaccine developed by an Australian vaccine manufacturing company,
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Pexara A, Solomakos N, Govaris A (December 2018). "Q fever and seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii in domestic ruminants".
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Dupuis G, Petite J, PĂ©ter O, Vouilloz M (June 1987). "An important outbreak of human Q fever in a Swiss Alpine valley".
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and Mavis Freeman isolated the bacterium from one of Derrick's patients. It was originally identified as a species of
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Madariaga MG, Rezai K, Trenholme GM, Weinstein RA (November 2003). "Q fever: a biological weapon in your backyard".
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seropositivity and shedding in farm, pet and feral cats and associated risk factors in farm cats in Quebec, Canada"
3504:"Prevalence and Risk Factors of Coxiella burnetii Antibodies in Bulk Milk from Cattle, Sheep, and Goats in Jordan" 1058:"Genetic diversity of the Q fever agent, Coxiella burnetii, assessed by microarray-based whole-genome comparisons" 404: 7659: 7627: 7622: 7451: 6768: 6344: 5230: 4771: 3139:
Plommet M, Capponi M, Gestin J, Renoux G, Marly J, Sahuc D, Petit A (1973). "FIÈVRE Q EXPÉRIMENTALE DES BOVINS".
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culture, but its culture is technically difficult and not routinely available in most microbiology laboratories.
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spring and early summer when livestock are breeding, regardless of whether the infection is acute or chronic.
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Q Fever (Coxiella burnetii) Eradication in a Dairy Herd by Using Vaccination with a Phase 1 Vaccine
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Recent outbreaks in European countries, including the Netherlands and France, have been linked to urbanized
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and debilitating fatigue. People with Q fever fatigue syndrome frequently meet the diagnostic criteria for
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Roest HI, Tilburg JJ, van der Hoek W, Vellema P, van Zijderveld FG, Klaassen CH, Raoult D (January 2011).
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Bwatota SF, Cook EA, de Clare Bronsvoort BM, Wheelhouse N, Hernandez-Castor LE, Shirima GM (2022-11-17).
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In addition, vaccination of herds against Q fever has been shown to reduce the risk of human infection.
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in resected cardiac valve of a 60-year-old man with Q fever endocarditis, Cayenne, French Guiana:
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Pexara A, Solomakos N, Govaris A (2018-01-01). "Q fever and prevalence of Coxiella burnetii in milk".
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80: 3406:"Serological screening for Coxiella burnetii in the context of early pregnancy loss in dairy cows" 1460:
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2462:"'Q' Fever a new fever entity: clinical features. diagnosis, and laboratory investigation" 647: 412: 317: 107: 8205: 3696:"A large outbreak of Q fever in the West Midlands: windborne spread into a metropolitan area?" 1730:"Reduction of Coxiella burnetii prevalence by vaccination of goats and sheep, The Netherlands" 1170: 1028: 8064: 7898: 7893: 7344: 7290: 7200: 6916: 6894: 6807: 6120: 5762: 5751: 5549: 5179: 5005: 4976: 4783: 4543: 4497: 4346: 4275: 4209: 4189: 420: 57: 3725:
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1105: 860:, with 5,098 gallons in the arsenal in bulk at the time of demilitarization in 1970. 8: 8154: 7870: 7836: 7722: 7545: 7488: 7483: 7429: 7260: 7128: 7100: 7052: 6833: 6828: 6738: 6664: 6654: 6628: 6624: 6499: 6305: 6216: 5988: 5901: 5846: 5515: 5391: 5336: 5284: 5203: 5146: 5099: 5034: 4882: 4874: 4868: 4585: 4571: 4440: 4320: 4270: 4224: 4219: 4199: 4174: 4118: 2314: 2260:"Epidemiology of Q-fever in domestic ruminants and humans in Africa. A systematic review" 845: 837: 809: 49: 7540: 7280: 3010: 2981: 2750: 2613: 2235: 2202: 1477: 7903: 7737: 7478: 7439: 7424: 7300: 7285: 7270: 7190: 7108: 6884: 6795: 6206: 6191: 6181: 5889: 5800: 5301: 5290: 5211: 5155: 4943: 4641: 4627: 4557: 4534: 4341: 4310: 4184: 4179: 3946: 3941: 3819: 3751: 3726: 3630: 3603: 3579: 3552: 3528: 3503: 3484: 3435: 3238: 3067: 3042: 3023: 2957: 2928: 2869: 2844: 2820: 2793: 2590: 2577: 2557: 2479: 2437: 2402: 2295: 1926: 1754: 1729: 1681: 1560: 1496: 1461: 1358: 1304: 1279: 1082: 1057: 857: 640: 515: 325: 294: 267: 8159: 2769: 2734: 2697: 2522:
Burnet FM, Freeman M (1 July 1983). "Experimental studies on the virus of "Q" fever".
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Q fever can cause endocarditis (infection of the heart valves) which may require
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The incubation period is usually two to three weeks. The most common manifestation is
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that affects humans and other animals. This organism is uncommon, but may be found in
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2272: 2259: 1930: 1779:"Managing Q fever during pregnancy: the benefits of long-term cotrimoxazole therapy" 1073: 8216: 7952: 7937: 7793: 7654: 7567: 6946: 6867: 6681: 6649: 5865: 5780: 5571: 5418: 5405: 5220: 4837: 4819: 4726: 4685: 4613: 4483: 4336: 4158: 4133: 4128: 4123: 3801: 3746: 3738: 3666: 3625: 3615: 3604:"Increasing prevalence of Coxiella burnetii seropositive Danish dairy cattle herds" 3574: 3564: 3523: 3515: 3466: 3417: 3378: 3343: 3308: 3242: 3220: 3179: 3103: 3062: 3054: 3005: 2997: 2952: 2944: 2901: 2864: 2856: 2815: 2805: 2764: 2754: 2693: 2585: 2569: 2531: 2475: 2432: 2419: 2414: 2372: 2345: 2318: 2277: 2267: 2230: 2214: 2128: 2053: 2016: 1902: 1856: 1790: 1749: 1741: 1625:"USCF communicable disease prevention program animal exposure surveillance program" 1534: 1491: 1481: 1434: 1397: 1389: 1340: 1299: 1291: 1077: 1069: 829: 814: 275: 7493: 3790:"The Q fever epidemic in The Netherlands: history, onset, response and reflection" 2845:"Coxiella burnetii infection in roe deer during Q fever epidemic, the Netherlands" 1944: 1106:"Q fever | Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS Program" 8170: 7957: 7755: 7562: 7520: 7406: 7386: 7356: 7339: 7265: 7255: 7185: 7124: 7120: 7069: 6840: 6728: 6552: 6484: 6391: 6211: 6090: 5815: 5736: 5690: 5595: 5535: 5470: 5412: 5381: 5373: 5076: 5046: 5040: 4923: 4752: 4676: 4503: 4234: 3987: 3519: 3312: 1132: 1130: 503: 179: 132: 4427: 1818: 1056:
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Laboratory workers handling potentially infected veterinary samples or visiting
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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
2218: 2170: 2005:"Acute Q fever in adult patients: report on 63 sporadic cases in an urban area" 1860: 1466:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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The spread of manure from infected farm should be avoided in windy conditions
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Hartzell J (May 2008). "Q Fever: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment".
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disease whose most common animal reservoirs are cattle, sheep, and goats.
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presenting symptoms such as non-specific fatigue, fever, weight loss, and
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and hematoxylin were used for staining; original magnification is ×50.
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Scola BL (October 2002). "Current laboratory diagnosis of Q fever".
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was instrumental in the development of the first successful Q fever
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dispensed biological Agent OU with ships and aircraft, during
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An early mention of Q fever was important in one of the early
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to diagnose. Q fever hepatitis manifests as an elevation of
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Salifu SP, Bukari AR, Frangoulidis D, Wheelhouse N (2019-05-01).
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Hartzell JD, Wood-Morris RN, Martinez LJ, Trotta RF (May 2008).
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CDC Health Information for International Travel: The Yellow Book
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treatment for pregnancy and children under the age of eight is
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Anderson AD, Smoak B, Shuping E, Ockenhouse C, Petruccelli B.
1137: 194:
of a spore-like small-cell variant, and from contact with the
7875: 7760: 7361: 7295: 6733: 4047: 3871: 2926: 2401:
Ullah Q, Jamil T, Saqib M, Iqbal M, Neubauer H (2022-07-28).
1776: 560: 431:
Research done in the 1960s–1970s by French Canadian-American
243: 211: 203: 199: 171: 3906: 7170: 6802: 6723: 3724: 1518: 1326: 760: 331:
The chronic form of Q fever is virtually identical to
215: 195: 175: 3653:
Guatteo R, Beaudeau F, Joly A, Seegers H (November 2007).
3652: 3138: 2312: 2002: 1459: 290:. About half of infected individuals exhibit no symptoms. 2200: 2043: 1655: 682: 187: 183: 3867: 3298: 3165: 3089: 2891: 2732: 2493:
McDade JE (1990). "Historical aspects of Q Fever".
1847:
Cutler SJ, Bouzid M, Cutler RR (April 2007). "Q fever".
1277: 1242: 1055: 2979: 2842: 759:
elucidated the transmission when they isolated it from
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Choutka J, Jansari V, Hornig M, Iwasaki A (May 2022).
554: 3693: 840:
to determine the median infective dose (18 MICLD
494:
is very effective. Commonly used antibiotics include
458:
required. Annual screening is typically recommended.
8117: 2558:"Public Health Weekly Reports for DECEMBER 30, 1938" 2400: 1164: 1162: 453:. The intradermal vaccination is composed of killed 346:
after acute infection, one of the more well-studied
1173:. In Brunette GW, McQuiston J, et al. (eds.). 635:, while chronic cases may require a combination of 1846: 1686:Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences | 1278:Karakousis PC, Trucksis M, Dumler JS (June 2006). 1174: 1035:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 293. 907:The clinical signs vary between species. In small 356:myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome 293:During its course, the disease can progress to an 8033:Cedillo v. Secretary of Health and Human Services 3168:"Is Q fever an emerging or re-emerging zoonosis?" 3092:"Is Q Fever an emerging or re-emerging zoonosis?" 2283:20.500.11820/8b572652-80f8-4983-a0f0-c2586c7d1b9e 2117:"Q Fever: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment" 1159: 1027:National Organization for Rare Disorders (2003). 657:, raising concerns about the safety of intensive 415:, but a definitive diagnosis is only possible on 8255: 5873: 1519:van de Veerdonk FL, Schneeberger PM (May 2006). 669: 304:Less often, Q fever causes (granulomatous) 2201:Fernandes J, Sampaio de Lemos ER (2023-04-01). 2177:, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, 1823:Misdiagnosis Association and Research Institute 350:. Q fever fatigue syndrome is characterised by 324:is uncommon. Q fever can also rarely result in 2642: 1884: 1882: 1880: 1878: 621: 312:, and pain in the right upper quadrant of the 6993: 5965: 4413: 3892: 3870:, a Bioinformatics Resource Center funded by 2521: 2396: 2394: 2392: 2168: 2164: 2162: 2160: 2087:"Epidemiology and Statistics | Q Fever | CDC" 1996: 1840: 994:"Epidemiology and Statistics | Q Fever | CDC" 741:of Q fever was discovered in 1937, when 3501: 2726: 2677: 2037: 1712: 1418: 1375: 1369: 1329:"Unexplained post-acute infection syndromes" 1320: 1110:Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center 718:Q fever was first described in 1935 by 214:of infected animals. Rarely, the disease is 3166:Arricau-Bouvery N, Rodolakis A (May 2005). 3090:Arricau-Bouvery N, Rodolakis A (May 2005). 2081: 2079: 2077: 2075: 1980:"Q fever epidemiology and statistics | CDC" 1973: 1971: 1945:"Q fever: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia" 1875: 1271: 1049: 844:/person i.h.) and course of infection. The 370:Q fever management algorithm from the 7000: 6986: 6957:Recurrent toxin-mediated perineal erythema 6243:Mycobacterium avium–intracellulare complex 5979: 5972: 5958: 4420: 4406: 3899: 3885: 3775:"Coxevac | European Medicines Agency" 3655:"Coxiella burnetii shedding by dairy cows" 3452: 2389: 2377:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2157: 1984:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1142:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 372:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 228:obligate intracellular pathogenic parasite 79: 40: 6052:Cutaneous group B streptococcal infection 3805: 3750: 3670: 3629: 3619: 3601: 3578: 3568: 3527: 3470: 3421: 3224: 3183: 3107: 3066: 3009: 2956: 2868: 2819: 2809: 2768: 2758: 2643:Kalisch PA, Kalisch BJ (September 1985). 2589: 2436: 2418: 2281: 2271: 2234: 2132: 2020: 1794: 1753: 1717:. XXV World Buiatrics Congress. Budapest. 1538: 1495: 1485: 1427:Seminars in Pediatric Infectious Diseases 1401: 1344: 1303: 1081: 988: 986: 984: 342:A minority of Q fever survivors develops 297:, which can result in a life-threatening 270:, upper respiratory problems, dry cough, 3908:United States biological weapons program 2335: 2072: 1968: 1168: 813:). Kildare's mentor Dr. Gillespie ( 699: 534: 365: 3731:Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 3371:Trends in Food Science & Technology 2459: 943: 8274:Bacterium-related cutaneous conditions 8256: 3700:Communicable Disease and Public Health 3273: 2492: 1280:"Chronic Q fever in the United States" 1022: 1020: 1018: 981: 798: 683:Prevention and public health education 482:is the major cause of these problems. 316:. This hepatitis often results in the 156:is a disease caused by infection with 6981: 6276:Rapid growing mycobacterium infection 5953: 5586:Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans 4401: 3880: 2712: 2207:The Lancet Regional Health - Americas 2046:International Journal of Epidemiology 1553: 1424: 820: 490:Treatment of acute Q fever with 233: 6455:Human granulocytotropic anaplasmosis 6017:Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome 4971:Neisseria meningitidis/meningococcus 1218:The Lecturio Medical Concept Library 6905:Chronic undermining burrowing ulcer 3866:genomes and related information at 3502:Obaidat MM, Kersh GJ (April 2017). 2370: 1977: 1376:Maurin M, Raoult D (October 1999). 1181:. Oxford University Press. p.  1015: 963: 948:Based on the epidemiological data, 666:particularly in high-risk regions. 555:Transmission and occupational risks 478:, and decreases in milk yield when 299:acute respiratory distress syndrome 13: 8060:Eradication of infectious diseases 7817:Androvax (androstenedione albumin) 4433:Gram-negative bacterial infections 4357:Korean War bio-warfare allegations 3141:Annales de Recherches VĂ©tĂ©rinaires 3047:Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases 2894:Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases 2480:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1937.tb43743.x 546:Q fever is a globally distributed 14: 8325: 7650:Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) 6863:Superficial pustular folliculitis 6460:Human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis 4790:Human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis 4352:Soviet biological weapons program 4316:Plum Island Animal Disease Center 4251:U.S. Army Biological Warfare Labs 3834: 3453:Dobos A, Fodor I (October 2021). 3255: 1907:10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.02.032 1598:. 17 January 2014. Archived from 1521:"Patient with fever and diarrhea" 918: 898: 419:, which shows the characteristic 405:transoesophageal echocardiography 8039:Alternative vaccination schedule 7009:Artificial induction of immunity 6271:Primary inoculation tuberculosis 5006:Neisseria gonorrhoeae/gonococcus 4981:Waterhouse–Friderichsen syndrome 3840: 2673:from the original on 2010-11-30. 2568:(52): 2259–2309. December 1938. 1284:Journal of Clinical Microbiology 1245:Journal Français d'Ophtalmologie 318:elevation of transaminase values 7334: 6769:Gram-negative toe web infection 6345:Group JK corynebacterium sepsis 4772:Human granulocytic anaplasmosis 4372:U.S. biological defense program 4367:U.S. biological weapons program 3781: 3767: 3718: 3687: 3646: 3595: 3544: 3495: 3446: 3397: 3362: 3327: 3292: 3267: 3249: 3200: 3159: 3132: 3083: 3034: 2973: 2920: 2885: 2836: 2785: 2686:The Lancet. Infectious Diseases 2636: 2624:from the original on 2012-02-04 2606: 2550: 2515: 2486: 2453: 2364: 2329: 2306: 2273:10.1079/cabionehealth.2022.0008 2251: 2194: 2108: 2097:from the original on 2020-05-29 1957:from the original on 2016-07-28 1937: 1829:from the original on 2021-08-27 1811: 1770: 1721: 1706: 1695:from the original on 2019-06-25 1674: 1662:from the original on 2016-02-16 1648: 1617: 1579: 1568:from the original on 2015-05-27 1547: 1512: 1453: 1224:from the original on 2021-05-15 1148:from the original on 2018-04-18 1116:from the original on 2018-04-18 1074:10.1128/JB.188.7.2309-2324.2006 1004:from the original on 2020-05-29 530: 7871:Ovandrotone albumin (Fecundin) 6510:Ehrlichiosis ewingii infection 6332:Cutaneous diphtheria infection 6286:Tuberculosis cutis orificialis 6197:Borderline tuberculoid leprosy 6187:Borderline lepromatous leprosy 4804:Ehrlichiosis ewingii infection 3602:Agger JF, Paul S (July 2014). 2524:Reviews of Infectious Diseases 2420:10.3390/microorganisms10081530 2403:"Q Fever—A Neglected Zoonosis" 1236: 1098: 377:Diagnosis is usually based on 348:post-acute infection syndromes 143:, other rickettsial infections 1: 7402:Group B streptococcal disease 7221:Vaccines for Children Program 6534:Primary gonococcal dermatitis 6480:Flinders Island spotted fever 4620:Flinders Island spotted fever 4306:One-Million-Liter Test Sphere 3608:Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 2698:10.1016/S1473-3099(03)00804-1 2373:"Prevention of Q fever | CDC" 2338:Concise Review for Physicians 2169:Patil SM, Regunath H (2023), 1656:"Australian Q Fever Register" 1382:Clinical Microbiology Reviews 974: 885: 670:Age and occupational exposure 426: 190:. The infection results from 6922:Blistering distal dactylitis 6450:Rocky Mountain spotted fever 6338:Arcanobacterium haemolyticum 6291:Tuberculosis verrucosa cutis 6075:Chronic recurrent erysipelas 5790:Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 5114:Burkholderia cepacia complex 4550:Rocky Mountain spotted fever 3520:10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-16-377 3313:10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.10.007 2990:Journal of Wildlife Diseases 2849:Emerging Infectious Diseases 2467:Medical Journal of Australia 2009:Clinical Infectious Diseases 1783:Clinical Infectious Diseases 1734:Emerging Infectious Diseases 1526:Clinical Infectious Diseases 1033:NORD Guide to Rare Disorders 603:People who cull and process 485: 361: 7: 8314:Zoonotic bacterial diseases 6942:Blastomycosis-like pyoderma 6563:Chromobacteriosis infection 6475:Mediterranean spotted fever 5451:Far East scarlet-like fever 5445:Yersinia pseudotuberculosis 5061:Chromobacteriosis infection 4301:Horn Island Testing Station 1713:Camuset P, Remmy D (2008). 1688:The University of Melbourne 629:blood compatibility testing 622:Prevalence and risk factors 542:, the Q fever-causing agent 16:Coxiella burnetii infection 10: 8330: 6962:Tick-borne lymphadenopathy 6764:Gram-negative folliculitis 3794:Epidemiology and Infection 3508:Journal of Food Protection 3459:Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 3410:Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 3383:10.1016/j.tifs.2017.11.004 3348:10.12834/VetIt.1113.6046.3 2937:Epidemiology and Infection 2811:10.1186/s12917-021-03057-8 2460:Derrick EH (August 1937). 2219:10.1016/j.lana.2023.100463 1861:10.1016/j.jinf.2006.10.048 1346:10.1038/s41591-022-01810-6 938: 866:is currently ranked as a " 695: 8191: 8121: 8078: 8047: 7986: 7918: 7809: 7781: 7748: 7417: 7248: 7241: 7160: 7088: 7040: 6781: 6701: 6680: 6571: 6518: 6379: 6370: 6361: 6314: 6266:Papulonecrotic tuberculid 6251:Mycobacterium haemophilum 6170: 6161: 6129: 6104: 6088: 6035: 6005: 5996: 5987: 5864: 5826: 5799: 5779: 5735: 5680: 5653: 5608: 5582: 5546: 5478: 5469: 5361: 5326: 5317: 5274: 5251:Hemolytic-uremic syndrome 5169: 5154: 5145: 5086:Burkholderia pseudomallei 5075: 5055:Chromobacterium violaceum 5022: 4995: 4985:Meningococcal septicaemia 4960: 4951: 4942: 4854: 4827: 4818: 4766:Anaplasma phagocytophilum 4751: 4716: 4675: 4533: 4522: 4473: 4457: 4448: 4439: 4382:War Bureau of Consultants 4329: 4296:Granite Peak Installation 4243: 4167: 4086: 3970: 3914: 3807:10.1017/S0950268810002268 3621:10.1186/s13028-014-0046-2 2949:10.1017/s0950268821000364 2495:Q Fever: The Disease 1554:Saxon W (March 8, 2001). 952:measures can be derived: 828:has been used to develop 763:found in the US state of 106: 96: 88: 68: 48: 39: 31: 26: 8289:Rare infectious diseases 7397:Clostridioides difficile 6759:Lymphogranuloma venereum 6465:Flea-borne spotted fever 6438:Rickettsia aeschlimannii 6432:American tick bite fever 6142:Erysipeloid of Rosenbach 6057:Streptococcal intertrigo 5726:Plesiomonas shigelloides 5508:Brazilian purpuric fever 5125:Bordetella parapertussis 4914:Bartonella bacilliformis 4733:Flea-borne spotted fever 4663:Rickettsia aeschlimannii 4656:Rickettsia aeschlimannii 4648:American tick bite fever 3226:10.1177/0300985818760376 2616:Calling Dr. Kildare 1849:The Journal of Infection 1819:"Query Fever - MARI REF" 1439:10.1053/spid.2002.127199 714:: Q fever pneumonia 514:; the antimalarial drug 344:Q fever fatigue syndrome 35:Query fever, coxiellosis 8299:Sheep and goat diseases 8294:Rodent-carried diseases 7660:Tick-borne encephalitis 6890:Trichomycosis axillaris 6427:African tick bite fever 6402:North Asian tick typhus 6322:Cutaneous actinomycosis 5894:Guillain–BarrĂ© syndrome 5810:Cardiobacterium hominis 5770:Acinetobacter baumannii 5712:Vibrio parahaemolyticus 5431:Yersinia enterocolitica 5198:Klebsiella granulomatis 4634:African tick bite fever 4592:North Asian tick typhus 3301:Veterinary Microbiology 2798:BMC Veterinary Research 2760:10.1073/pnas.0931379100 2620:. Movie Mirrors Index. 2536:10.1093/clinids/5.4.800 2121:Mayo Clinic Proceedings 1487:10.1073/pnas.0812074106 1062:Journal of Bacteriology 743:Frank Macfarlane Burnet 720:Edward Holbrook Derrick 352:post-exertional malaise 278:, and gastrointestinal 8070:List of vaccine topics 7065:Mathematical modelling 6602:Haemophilus influenzae 6546:Pasteurella hemolytica 6470:Japanese spotted fever 6422:Bacillary angiomatosis 6412:Flying squirrel typhus 6407:Queensland tick typhus 6296:Tuberculous cellulitis 6259:Mycobacterium kansasii 5981:Bacterial skin disease 5746:Pseudomonas aeruginosa 5664:Francisella tularensis 5623:Legionella longbeachae 5619:Legionella pneumophila 5261:Enterobacter aerogenes 4906:Bacillary angiomatosis 4700:Orientia tsutsugamushi 4606:Queensland tick typhus 4578:Japanese spotted fever 4512:Flying squirrel typhus 4168:Operations and testing 4139:Flettner rotor bomblet 3845:Quotations related to 3672:10.1051/vetres:2007038 3472:10.1556/004.2021.00047 3423:10.1556/004.2020.00035 3185:10.1051/vetres:2005010 3109:10.1051/vetres:2005010 3002:10.7589/jwd-d-21-00037 2861:10.3201/eid1712.110580 2323:10.3201/eid1108.050314 1746:10.3201/eid1703.101157 1682:"Q-Fever Vaccinations" 1587:"Q fever Vaccine" 715: 543: 421:fibrin ring granulomas 413:aspartate transaminase 388:obligate intracellular 374: 108:Differential diagnosis 102:Contact with livestock 8065:Vaccinate Your Family 7516:Japanese encephalitis 6917:Elephantiasis nostras 6895:Necrotizing fasciitis 6808:Hospital furunculosis 6490:Brill–Zinsser disease 6121:Dermatitis gangrenosa 5763:Moraxella catarrhalis 5629:Legionnaires' disease 5550:Pasteurella multocida 5180:Klebsiella pneumoniae 4977:Meningococcal disease 4784:Ehrlichia chaffeensis 4544:Rickettsia rickettsii 4508:Brill–Zinsser disease 4498:Rickettsia prowazekii 4347:Entomological warfare 4276:Dugway Proving Ground 4210:Operation Magic Sword 4190:Operation Dark Winter 3059:10.1089/vbz.2015.1807 2906:10.1089/vbz.2011.0952 2562:Public Health Reports 703: 538: 369: 58:Monoclonal antibodies 7948:John Franklin Enders 6952:Chronic lymphangitis 6621:Hot tub folliculitis 6610:Pseudomonal pyoderma 6237:Miliary tuberculosis 6227:Lichen scrofulosorum 6027:Toxic shock syndrome 5924:Helicobacter cinaedi 5884:Campylobacter jejuni 5837:Aeromonas hydrophila 5719:Vibrio alginolyticus 5370:Shigella dysenteriae 5308:Citrobacter freundii 5265:Enterobacter cloacae 5121:Bordetella pertussis 4600:Rickettsia australis 4387:War Research Service 4377:U.S. bio-weapons ban 4114:E48 particulate bomb 3777:. 17 September 2018. 3336:Veterinaria Italiana 3213:Veterinary Pathology 2058:10.1093/ije/16.2.282 1394:10.1128/CMR.12.4.518 1296:10.1128/JCM.02365-05 944:Biosecurity measures 838:Whitecoat volunteers 793:Gammaproteobacterium 779:, but as similar to 409:alanine transaminase 252:profuse perspiration 8304:Tick-borne diseases 8264:Atypical pneumonias 7129:Virus-like particle 7053:Vaccine ingredients 6841:Acute lymphadenitis 6834:Perianal cellulitis 6829:Pyogenic paronychia 6739:Chlamydia infection 6655:Granuloma inguinale 6629:Green nail syndrome 6625:Ecthyma gangrenosum 6500:Cat-scratch disease 6306:Tuberculoid leprosy 6217:Lepromatous leprosy 6064:Streptococcus iniae 5902:Helicobacter pylori 5392:Bacillary dysentery 5337:Salmonella enterica 5285:Serratia marcescens 5204:Granuloma inguinale 5100:Burkholderia mallei 5035:Eikenella corrodens 4883:Bartonella quintana 4875:Cat-scratch disease 4869:Bartonella henselae 4586:Rickettsia sibirica 4572:Rickettsia japonica 4321:Vigo Ordnance Plant 4271:Deseret Test Center 4225:Operation Whitecoat 4220:Operation Polka Dot 4200:Operation Drop Kick 4175:Operation Sea-Spray 3659:Veterinary Research 3570:10.3390/ani11051395 3172:Veterinary Research 3096:Veterinary Research 2751:2003PNAS..100.5455S 1478:2009PNAS..106.4430O 1169:Anderson A (2011). 846:Deseret Test Center 810:Calling Dr. Kildare 799:Society and culture 594:Animal transporters 464:veterinary research 396:can be grown in an 75:Infectious diseases 50:Immunohistochemical 8279:Biological weapons 8269:Bacterial diseases 8192:External resources 8105:Never to phase III 7904:Hexavalent vaccine 7718:Epstein–Barr virus 7613:Oxford–AstraZeneca 7301:NmVac4-A/C/Y/W-135 6885:Pitted keratolysis 6796:Periapical abscess 6207:Erythema induratum 6192:Borderline leprosy 6182:Aquarium granuloma 5890:Campylobacteriosis 5801:Cardiobacteriaceae 5302:Citrobacter koseri 5212:Klebsiella oxytoca 4642:Rickettsia parkeri 4628:Rickettsia africae 4558:Rickettsia conorii 4342:Biological warfare 4311:Pine Bluff Arsenal 4185:Operation Big Itch 4180:Operation Big Buzz 3942:Enterotoxin type B 3743:10.1111/jvim.15229 2371:CDC (2019-01-15). 1978:CDC (2021-08-06). 1561:The New York Times 1214:"Coxiella/Q Fever" 858:Pine Bluff Arsenal 830:biological weapons 821:Biological warfare 767:in 1938. It is a 716: 641:hydroxychloroquine 544: 516:hydroxychloroquine 474:, silent oestrus, 375: 326:retinal vasculitis 295:atypical pneumonia 242:: abrupt onset of 234:Signs and symptoms 8251: 8250: 8115: 8114: 8027:Vaccines and SIDS 7914: 7913: 7688:Hepatitis A and B 7664:Varicella zoster 7121:Subunit/component 6975: 6974: 6910:Fournier gangrene 6777: 6776: 6676: 6675: 6617:hot-foot syndrome 6590:Vibrio vulnificus 6357: 6356: 6353: 6352: 6301:Tuberculous gumma 6157: 6156: 5947: 5946: 5943: 5942: 5875:Campylobacterales 5860: 5859: 5841:Aeromonas veronii 5705:Vibrio vulnificus 5637:Coxiella burnetii 5604: 5603: 5530:H. parainfluenzae 5465: 5464: 5461: 5460: 5400:Proteus mirabilis 5347:Paratyphoid fever 5236:Enterohemorrhagic 5156:Enterobacteriales 5141: 5140: 5071: 5070: 4938: 4937: 4934: 4933: 4920:Carrion's disease 4814: 4813: 4798:Ehrlichia ewingii 4747: 4746: 4743: 4742: 4564:Boutonneuse fever 4395: 4394: 4215:Operation May Day 4099:E133 cluster bomb 3971:Researched agents 3915:Weaponized agents 3863:Coxiella burnetii 2984:coxiella burnetii 2931:Coxiella burnetii 2855:(12): 2369–2371. 2508:978-0-8493-5984-2 1472:(11): 4430–4434. 1192:978-0-19-976901-8 1042:978-0-7817-3063-1 773:Coxiella burnetii 563:can transfer the 393:Coxiella burnetii 310:liver enlargement 240:flu-like symptoms 220:incubation period 159:Coxiella burnetii 147: 146: 21:Medical condition 8321: 8119: 8118: 8006:MMR autism fraud 7953:Maurice Hilleman 7938:Hilary Koprowski 7246: 7245: 7002: 6995: 6988: 6979: 6978: 6947:Bullous impetigo 6868:Sycosis vulgaris 6682:Campylobacterota 6631: 6377: 6376: 6368: 6367: 6168: 6167: 6003: 6002: 5994: 5993: 5974: 5967: 5960: 5951: 5950: 5871: 5870: 5781:Xanthomonadaceae 5589: 5572:Actinobacillosis 5553: 5486: 5476: 5475: 5406:Proteus vulgaris 5324: 5323: 5221:Escherichia coli 5167: 5166: 5152: 5151: 5027: 4958: 4957: 4949: 4948: 4838:Brucella abortus 4825: 4824: 4820:Hyphomicrobiales 4727:Rickettsia felis 4686:Rickettsia akari 4614:Rickettsia honei 4531: 4530: 4484:Rickettsia typhi 4471: 4470: 4455: 4454: 4446: 4445: 4422: 4415: 4408: 4399: 4398: 4337:Biological agent 4159:M33 cluster bomb 4134:E96 cluster bomb 4129:E86 cluster bomb 4124:E77 balloon bomb 3901: 3894: 3887: 3878: 3877: 3844: 3828: 3827: 3809: 3785: 3779: 3778: 3771: 3765: 3764: 3754: 3737:(5): 1481–1494. 3722: 3716: 3715: 3691: 3685: 3684: 3674: 3650: 3644: 3643: 3633: 3623: 3599: 3593: 3592: 3582: 3572: 3548: 3542: 3541: 3531: 3499: 3493: 3492: 3474: 3450: 3444: 3443: 3425: 3401: 3395: 3394: 3366: 3360: 3359: 3331: 3325: 3324: 3296: 3290: 3289: 3271: 3265: 3264: 3262: 3253: 3247: 3246: 3228: 3204: 3198: 3197: 3187: 3163: 3157: 3156: 3136: 3130: 3129: 3111: 3087: 3081: 3080: 3070: 3038: 3032: 3031: 3013: 2977: 2971: 2970: 2960: 2924: 2918: 2917: 2889: 2883: 2882: 2872: 2840: 2834: 2833: 2823: 2813: 2789: 2783: 2782: 2772: 2762: 2745:(9): 5455–5460. 2730: 2724: 2723: 2716: 2710: 2709: 2681: 2675: 2674: 2672: 2652:Medical Heritage 2649: 2640: 2634: 2633: 2631: 2629: 2610: 2604: 2603: 2593: 2554: 2548: 2547: 2519: 2513: 2512: 2490: 2484: 2483: 2457: 2451: 2450: 2440: 2422: 2398: 2387: 2386: 2384: 2383: 2368: 2362: 2361: 2350:10.4065/83.5.574 2333: 2327: 2326: 2310: 2304: 2303: 2285: 2275: 2255: 2249: 2248: 2238: 2198: 2192: 2191: 2190: 2189: 2166: 2155: 2154: 2136: 2134:10.4065/83.5.574 2112: 2106: 2105: 2103: 2102: 2083: 2070: 2069: 2041: 2035: 2034: 2024: 2000: 1994: 1993: 1991: 1990: 1975: 1966: 1965: 1963: 1962: 1941: 1935: 1934: 1886: 1873: 1872: 1844: 1838: 1837: 1835: 1834: 1825:. 20 July 2021. 1815: 1809: 1808: 1798: 1774: 1768: 1767: 1757: 1725: 1719: 1718: 1710: 1704: 1703: 1701: 1700: 1678: 1672: 1671: 1669: 1667: 1652: 1646: 1645: 1643: 1642: 1636: 1630:. Archived from 1629: 1621: 1615: 1614: 1612: 1610: 1604: 1591: 1583: 1577: 1576: 1574: 1573: 1564:. p. C-17. 1551: 1545: 1544: 1542: 1516: 1510: 1509: 1499: 1489: 1457: 1451: 1450: 1422: 1416: 1415: 1405: 1373: 1367: 1366: 1348: 1324: 1318: 1317: 1307: 1290:(6): 2283–2287. 1275: 1269: 1268: 1240: 1234: 1233: 1231: 1229: 1210: 1197: 1196: 1180: 1166: 1157: 1156: 1154: 1153: 1134: 1125: 1124: 1122: 1121: 1102: 1096: 1095: 1085: 1068:(7): 2309–2324. 1053: 1047: 1046: 1024: 1013: 1012: 1010: 1009: 990: 964:Medical measures 864:C. burnetii 826:C. burnetii 815:Lionel Barrymore 548:zoonotic disease 480:C. burnetii 455:C. burnetii 381:(looking for an 286:, vomiting, and 268:loss of appetite 225: 180:domestic mammals 84: 83: 62:C. burnetii 54:C. burnetii 44: 24: 23: 8329: 8328: 8324: 8323: 8322: 8320: 8319: 8318: 8284:Bovine diseases 8254: 8253: 8252: 8247: 8246: 8187: 8186: 8130: 8116: 8111: 8110: 8095:Clinical trials 8074: 8043: 7982: 7958:Stanley Plotkin 7920: 7910: 7822:Cancer vaccines 7805: 7799:Schistosomiasis 7777: 7771:Trypanosomiasis 7744: 7708:Cytomegalovirus 7618:Pfizer–BioNTech 7413: 7237: 7186:Vaccine wastage 7156: 7084: 7036: 7006: 6976: 6971: 6783: 6773: 6697: 6672: 6608: 6567: 6553:Meningococcemia 6514: 6485:Verruga peruana 6392:Epidemic typhus 6349: 6310: 6212:Histoid leprosy 6173: 6153: 6125: 6100: 6091:Corynebacterium 6084: 6031: 5983: 5978: 5948: 5939: 5856: 5822: 5795: 5775: 5737:Pseudomonadales 5731: 5691:Vibrio cholerae 5676: 5649: 5600: 5583: 5578: 5547: 5542: 5479: 5457: 5413:Yersinia pestis 5357: 5313: 5270: 5226:Enterotoxigenic 5158: 5137: 5077:Burkholderiales 5067: 5041:Kingella kingae 5023: 5018: 4991: 4930: 4924:Verruga peruana 4850: 4810: 4753:Anaplasmataceae 4739: 4712: 4671: 4525: 4518: 4504:Epidemic typhus 4462: 4435: 4426: 4396: 4391: 4325: 4239: 4235:Project Bacchus 4163: 4082: 3966: 3962:Wheat stem rust 3910: 3905: 3837: 3832: 3831: 3786: 3782: 3773: 3772: 3768: 3723: 3719: 3692: 3688: 3651: 3647: 3600: 3596: 3549: 3545: 3500: 3496: 3451: 3447: 3402: 3398: 3367: 3363: 3332: 3328: 3297: 3293: 3272: 3268: 3260: 3254: 3250: 3205: 3201: 3164: 3160: 3137: 3133: 3088: 3084: 3039: 3035: 2978: 2974: 2929:"Prevalence of 2925: 2921: 2900:(11): 942–947. 2890: 2886: 2841: 2837: 2790: 2786: 2731: 2727: 2718: 2717: 2713: 2692:(11): 709–721. 2682: 2678: 2670: 2647: 2641: 2637: 2627: 2625: 2612: 2611: 2607: 2574:10.2307/4582746 2556: 2555: 2551: 2520: 2516: 2509: 2497:. Vol. I. 2491: 2487: 2458: 2454: 2399: 2390: 2381: 2379: 2369: 2365: 2334: 2330: 2311: 2307: 2264:CABI One Health 2256: 2252: 2199: 2195: 2187: 2185: 2167: 2158: 2113: 2109: 2100: 2098: 2085: 2084: 2073: 2042: 2038: 2001: 1997: 1988: 1986: 1976: 1969: 1960: 1958: 1943: 1942: 1938: 1887: 1876: 1845: 1841: 1832: 1830: 1817: 1816: 1812: 1775: 1771: 1726: 1722: 1711: 1707: 1698: 1696: 1680: 1679: 1675: 1665: 1663: 1654: 1653: 1649: 1640: 1638: 1634: 1627: 1623: 1622: 1618: 1608: 1606: 1605:on 9 March 2017 1602: 1589: 1585: 1584: 1580: 1571: 1569: 1552: 1548: 1517: 1513: 1458: 1454: 1423: 1419: 1374: 1370: 1333:Nature Medicine 1325: 1321: 1276: 1272: 1241: 1237: 1227: 1225: 1212: 1211: 1200: 1193: 1167: 1160: 1151: 1149: 1138:"Q Fever | CDC" 1136: 1135: 1128: 1119: 1117: 1104: 1103: 1099: 1054: 1050: 1043: 1025: 1016: 1007: 1005: 992: 991: 982: 977: 966: 946: 941: 921: 901: 888: 881: 868:category B 843: 823: 801: 698: 685: 672: 624: 557: 533: 504:chloramphenicol 488: 429: 364: 236: 223: 222:can range from 133:viral hepatitis 78: 22: 17: 12: 11: 5: 8327: 8317: 8316: 8311: 8306: 8301: 8296: 8291: 8286: 8281: 8276: 8271: 8266: 8249: 8248: 8245: 8244: 8233: 8222: 8208: 8196: 8195: 8193: 8189: 8188: 8185: 8184: 8173: 8162: 8147: 8131: 8126: 8125: 8123: 8122:Classification 8113: 8112: 8109: 8108: 8107: 8106: 8103: 8092: 8086: 8080: 8079: 8076: 8075: 8073: 8072: 8067: 8062: 8057: 8051: 8049: 8045: 8044: 8042: 8041: 8036: 8029: 8024: 8019: 8014: 8009: 7996: 7990: 7988: 7984: 7983: 7981: 7980: 7975: 7973:Katalin KarikĂł 7970: 7965: 7960: 7955: 7950: 7945: 7940: 7935: 7930: 7924: 7922: 7916: 7915: 7912: 7911: 7909: 7908: 7907: 7906: 7901: 7896: 7891: 7883: 7878: 7873: 7868: 7863: 7862: 7861: 7856: 7855: 7854: 7849: 7839: 7834: 7829: 7819: 7813: 7811: 7807: 7806: 7804: 7803: 7802: 7801: 7796: 7787: 7785: 7779: 7778: 7776: 7775: 7774: 7773: 7765: 7764: 7763: 7752: 7750: 7746: 7745: 7743: 7742: 7741: 7740: 7735: 7730: 7728:Herpes simplex 7725: 7720: 7715: 7710: 7702: 7701: 7700: 7695: 7690: 7682: 7677: 7676: 7675: 7670: 7662: 7657: 7652: 7647: 7646: 7645: 7640: 7635: 7630: 7628:Sinopharm BIBP 7625: 7620: 7615: 7610: 7605: 7600: 7595: 7590: 7585: 7580: 7578:Bharat Biotech 7575: 7565: 7560: 7555: 7550: 7549: 7548: 7543: 7533: 7528: 7523: 7518: 7513: 7512: 7511: 7506: 7496: 7491: 7486: 7481: 7476: 7475: 7474: 7469: 7464: 7459: 7444: 7443: 7442: 7432: 7427: 7421: 7419: 7415: 7414: 7412: 7411: 7410: 7409: 7404: 7399: 7391: 7390: 7389: 7384: 7376: 7371: 7370: 7369: 7364: 7354: 7353: 7352: 7342: 7337: 7332: 7331: 7330: 7325: 7315: 7310: 7305: 7304: 7303: 7298: 7288: 7283: 7278: 7273: 7268: 7263: 7258: 7252: 7250: 7243: 7239: 7238: 7236: 7235: 7234: 7233: 7228: 7223: 7218: 7213: 7205: 7204: 7203: 7201:Vaccine injury 7198: 7193: 7188: 7183: 7178: 7173: 7164: 7162: 7161:Administration 7158: 7157: 7155: 7154: 7149: 7144: 7135: 7118: 7117: 7116: 7111: 7103: 7098: 7092: 7090: 7086: 7085: 7083: 7082: 7077: 7072: 7067: 7062: 7061: 7060: 7050: 7044: 7042: 7038: 7037: 7005: 7004: 6997: 6990: 6982: 6973: 6972: 6970: 6969: 6967:Tropical ulcer 6964: 6959: 6954: 6949: 6944: 6939: 6934: 6929: 6924: 6919: 6914: 6913: 6912: 6907: 6897: 6892: 6887: 6882: 6877: 6872: 6871: 6870: 6865: 6854: 6853: 6848: 6846:Pilonidal cyst 6843: 6838: 6837: 6836: 6831: 6817: 6812: 6811: 6810: 6800: 6799: 6798: 6787: 6785: 6779: 6778: 6775: 6774: 6772: 6771: 6766: 6761: 6756: 6751: 6749:Rat-bite fever 6746: 6741: 6736: 6731: 6726: 6721: 6716: 6711: 6705: 6703: 6699: 6698: 6696: 6695: 6686: 6684: 6678: 6677: 6674: 6673: 6671: 6670: 6662: 6657: 6652: 6647: 6642: 6637: 6632: 6606: 6598: 6593: 6586: 6581: 6579:Pasteurellosis 6575: 6573: 6569: 6568: 6566: 6565: 6560: 6555: 6550: 6541: 6536: 6522: 6520: 6516: 6515: 6513: 6512: 6507: 6502: 6497: 6492: 6487: 6482: 6477: 6472: 6467: 6462: 6457: 6452: 6447: 6445:Rickettsialpox 6442: 6434: 6429: 6424: 6419: 6414: 6409: 6404: 6399: 6394: 6389: 6387:Endemic typhus 6383: 6381: 6374: 6372:Pseudomonadota 6365: 6359: 6358: 6355: 6354: 6351: 6350: 6348: 6347: 6342: 6334: 6329: 6324: 6318: 6316: 6312: 6311: 6309: 6308: 6303: 6298: 6293: 6288: 6283: 6278: 6273: 6268: 6263: 6255: 6247: 6239: 6234: 6232:Lupus vulgaris 6229: 6224: 6219: 6214: 6209: 6204: 6199: 6194: 6189: 6184: 6178: 6176: 6172:Mycobacterium- 6165: 6163:Actinomycetota 6159: 6158: 6155: 6154: 6152: 6151: 6144: 6139: 6133: 6131: 6127: 6126: 6124: 6123: 6118: 6112: 6110: 6102: 6101: 6096: 6094: 6086: 6085: 6083: 6082: 6077: 6068: 6059: 6054: 6049: 6043: 6041: 6033: 6032: 6030: 6029: 6024: 6019: 6013: 6011: 6008:Staphylococcus 6000: 5991: 5985: 5984: 5977: 5976: 5969: 5962: 5954: 5945: 5944: 5941: 5940: 5938: 5937: 5936: 5935: 5920: 5919: 5918: 5916:Gastric cancer 5898: 5897: 5896: 5879: 5877: 5868: 5862: 5861: 5858: 5857: 5855: 5854: 5853: 5852: 5832: 5830: 5824: 5823: 5821: 5820: 5819: 5818: 5805: 5803: 5797: 5796: 5794: 5793: 5785: 5783: 5777: 5776: 5774: 5773: 5766: 5759: 5758: 5757: 5741: 5739: 5733: 5732: 5730: 5729: 5722: 5715: 5708: 5701: 5700: 5699: 5686: 5684: 5678: 5677: 5675: 5674: 5673: 5672: 5659: 5657: 5651: 5650: 5648: 5647: 5646: 5645: 5633: 5632: 5631: 5614: 5612: 5606: 5605: 5602: 5601: 5599: 5598: 5592: 5590: 5580: 5579: 5577: 5576: 5575: 5574: 5566:Actinobacillus 5562: 5560:Pasteurellosis 5556: 5554: 5544: 5543: 5541: 5540: 5539: 5538: 5526: 5525: 5524: 5512: 5511: 5510: 5505: 5489: 5487: 5473: 5471:Pasteurellales 5467: 5466: 5463: 5462: 5459: 5458: 5456: 5455: 5454: 5453: 5441: 5440: 5439: 5427: 5426: 5425: 5423:Bubonic plague 5409: 5396: 5395: 5394: 5365: 5363: 5359: 5358: 5356: 5355: 5354: 5353: 5332: 5330: 5321: 5315: 5314: 5312: 5311: 5298: 5297: 5296: 5280: 5278: 5272: 5271: 5269: 5268: 5256: 5255: 5254: 5253: 5243: 5238: 5233: 5231:Enteroinvasive 5228: 5216: 5215: 5208: 5207: 5206: 5194: 5193: 5192: 5175: 5173: 5164: 5149: 5143: 5142: 5139: 5138: 5136: 5135: 5134: 5133: 5117: 5110: 5109: 5108: 5096: 5095: 5094: 5081: 5079: 5073: 5072: 5069: 5068: 5066: 5065: 5064: 5063: 5051: 5050: 5049: 5030: 5028: 5020: 5019: 5017: 5016: 5015: 5014: 5001: 4999: 4993: 4992: 4990: 4989: 4988: 4987: 4966: 4964: 4955: 4946: 4940: 4939: 4936: 4935: 4932: 4931: 4929: 4928: 4927: 4926: 4910: 4909: 4908: 4893: 4892: 4891: 4879: 4878: 4877: 4860: 4858: 4856:Bartonellaceae 4852: 4851: 4849: 4848: 4847: 4846: 4833: 4831: 4822: 4816: 4815: 4812: 4811: 4809: 4808: 4807: 4806: 4794: 4793: 4792: 4780: 4779: 4778: 4757: 4755: 4749: 4748: 4745: 4744: 4741: 4740: 4738: 4737: 4736: 4735: 4722: 4720: 4714: 4713: 4711: 4710: 4709: 4708: 4696: 4695: 4694: 4692:Rickettsialpox 4681: 4679: 4673: 4672: 4670: 4669: 4668: 4667: 4652: 4651: 4650: 4638: 4637: 4636: 4624: 4623: 4622: 4610: 4609: 4608: 4596: 4595: 4594: 4582: 4581: 4580: 4568: 4567: 4566: 4554: 4553: 4552: 4539: 4537: 4528: 4520: 4519: 4517: 4516: 4515: 4514: 4494: 4493: 4492: 4479: 4477: 4468: 4459:Rickettsiaceae 4452: 4443: 4437: 4436: 4429:Pseudomonadota 4425: 4424: 4417: 4410: 4402: 4393: 4392: 4390: 4389: 4384: 4379: 4374: 4369: 4364: 4362:List of topics 4359: 4354: 4349: 4344: 4339: 4333: 4331: 4330:Related topics 4327: 4326: 4324: 4323: 4318: 4313: 4308: 4303: 4298: 4293: 4288: 4283: 4278: 4273: 4268: 4263: 4258: 4253: 4247: 4245: 4241: 4240: 4238: 4237: 4232: 4227: 4222: 4217: 4212: 4207: 4202: 4197: 4192: 4187: 4182: 4177: 4171: 4169: 4165: 4164: 4162: 4161: 4156: 4151: 4146: 4141: 4136: 4131: 4126: 4121: 4116: 4111: 4106: 4101: 4096: 4090: 4088: 4084: 4083: 4081: 4080: 4075: 4070: 4065: 4060: 4055: 4050: 4045: 4040: 4035: 4030: 4025: 4020: 4015: 4010: 4005: 4000: 3995: 3990: 3985: 3980: 3974: 3972: 3968: 3967: 3965: 3964: 3959: 3954: 3949: 3944: 3939: 3934: 3929: 3924: 3918: 3916: 3912: 3911: 3904: 3903: 3896: 3889: 3881: 3875: 3874: 3859: 3850: 3836: 3835:External links 3833: 3830: 3829: 3780: 3766: 3717: 3706:(3): 180–187. 3686: 3665:(6): 849–860. 3645: 3594: 3543: 3514:(4): 561–566. 3494: 3465:(4): 303–307. 3445: 3416:(3): 305–309. 3396: 3361: 3342:(4): 265–279. 3326: 3291: 3274:Ordronneau S. 3266: 3248: 3219:(4): 539–542. 3199: 3178:(3): 327–349. 3158: 3147:(2): 325–346. 3131: 3102:(3): 327–349. 3082: 3053:(7): 404–411. 3033: 2996:(2): 333–340. 2972: 2919: 2884: 2835: 2784: 2725: 2711: 2676: 2658:(5): 348–363. 2635: 2605: 2549: 2530:(4): 800–808. 2514: 2507: 2485: 2474:(8): 281–299. 2452: 2407:Microorganisms 2388: 2363: 2344:(5): 574–579. 2328: 2305: 2250: 2193: 2156: 2127:(5): 574–579. 2107: 2093:. 2019-09-16. 2071: 2052:(2): 282–287. 2036: 2022:10.1086/520452 2015:(4): 874–879. 1995: 1967: 1936: 1874: 1855:(4): 313–318. 1839: 1810: 1796:10.1086/520661 1789:(5): 548–555. 1769: 1740:(3): 379–386. 1720: 1705: 1691:. 2019-11-20. 1673: 1647: 1616: 1578: 1546: 1540:10.1086/501027 1511: 1452: 1433:(4): 257–262. 1417: 1388:(4): 518–553. 1368: 1339:(5): 911–923. 1319: 1270: 1251:(5): 315–321. 1235: 1198: 1191: 1158: 1144:. 2017-12-27. 1126: 1097: 1048: 1041: 1014: 1000:. 2019-09-16. 979: 978: 976: 973: 965: 962: 961: 960: 957: 945: 942: 940: 937: 920: 917: 900: 899:Clinical signs 897: 887: 884: 879: 841: 822: 819: 800: 797: 724:slaughterhouse 697: 694: 684: 681: 671: 668: 623: 620: 615: 614: 607: 601: 595: 592: 590:Sheep shearers 587: 582: 576: 556: 553: 532: 529: 525:co-trimoxazole 487: 484: 433:microbiologist 428: 425: 363: 360: 272:pleuritic pain 235: 232: 145: 144: 110: 104: 103: 100: 94: 93: 92:acute, chronic 90: 86: 85: 72: 66: 65: 46: 45: 37: 36: 33: 29: 28: 20: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8326: 8315: 8312: 8310: 8307: 8305: 8302: 8300: 8297: 8295: 8292: 8290: 8287: 8285: 8282: 8280: 8277: 8275: 8272: 8270: 8267: 8265: 8262: 8261: 8259: 8243: 8239: 8238: 8234: 8232: 8228: 8227: 8223: 8221: 8218: 8214: 8213: 8209: 8207: 8203: 8202: 8198: 8197: 8194: 8190: 8183: 8179: 8178: 8174: 8172: 8168: 8167: 8163: 8161: 8157: 8156: 8152: 8148: 8146: 8142: 8141: 8137: 8133: 8132: 8129: 8124: 8120: 8104: 8102: 8099: 8098: 8096: 8093: 8090: 8087: 8085: 8082: 8081: 8077: 8071: 8068: 8066: 8063: 8061: 8058: 8056: 8053: 8052: 8050: 8046: 8040: 8037: 8035: 8034: 8030: 8028: 8025: 8023: 8020: 8018: 8015: 8013: 8010: 8007: 8005: 8000: 7997: 7995: 7992: 7991: 7989: 7985: 7979: 7978:Drew Weissman 7976: 7974: 7971: 7969: 7966: 7964: 7963:H. Fred Clark 7961: 7959: 7956: 7954: 7951: 7949: 7946: 7944: 7941: 7939: 7936: 7934: 7933:Louis Pasteur 7931: 7929: 7928:Edward Jenner 7926: 7925: 7923: 7917: 7905: 7902: 7900: 7899:DTwP-HepB-Hib 7897: 7895: 7894:DTaP-IPV-HepB 7892: 7890: 7887: 7886: 7885:combination: 7884: 7882: 7879: 7877: 7874: 7872: 7869: 7867: 7864: 7860: 7857: 7853: 7850: 7848: 7845: 7844: 7843: 7840: 7838: 7835: 7833: 7830: 7828: 7825: 7824: 7823: 7820: 7818: 7815: 7814: 7812: 7808: 7800: 7797: 7795: 7792: 7791: 7789: 7788: 7786: 7784: 7783:Helminthiasis 7780: 7772: 7769: 7768: 7766: 7762: 7759: 7758: 7757: 7754: 7753: 7751: 7747: 7739: 7736: 7734: 7731: 7729: 7726: 7724: 7721: 7719: 7716: 7714: 7711: 7709: 7706: 7705: 7703: 7699: 7696: 7694: 7691: 7689: 7686: 7685: 7684:combination: 7683: 7681: 7678: 7674: 7671: 7669: 7666: 7665: 7663: 7661: 7658: 7656: 7653: 7651: 7648: 7644: 7641: 7639: 7636: 7634: 7631: 7629: 7626: 7624: 7621: 7619: 7616: 7614: 7611: 7609: 7606: 7604: 7601: 7599: 7596: 7594: 7591: 7589: 7586: 7584: 7581: 7579: 7576: 7574: 7571: 7570: 7569: 7566: 7564: 7561: 7559: 7556: 7554: 7551: 7547: 7544: 7542: 7539: 7538: 7537: 7534: 7532: 7529: 7527: 7524: 7522: 7519: 7517: 7514: 7510: 7507: 7505: 7502: 7501: 7500: 7497: 7495: 7492: 7490: 7487: 7485: 7482: 7480: 7477: 7473: 7470: 7468: 7465: 7463: 7460: 7457: 7453: 7450: 7449: 7448: 7445: 7441: 7438: 7437: 7436: 7433: 7431: 7428: 7426: 7423: 7422: 7420: 7416: 7408: 7405: 7403: 7400: 7398: 7395: 7394: 7392: 7388: 7385: 7383: 7382:DPT/DTwP/DTaP 7380: 7379: 7378:combination: 7377: 7375: 7372: 7368: 7365: 7363: 7360: 7359: 7358: 7355: 7351: 7348: 7347: 7346: 7343: 7341: 7338: 7336: 7333: 7329: 7326: 7324: 7321: 7320: 7319: 7316: 7314: 7311: 7309: 7306: 7302: 7299: 7297: 7294: 7293: 7292: 7291:Meningococcus 7289: 7287: 7284: 7282: 7281:Leptospirosis 7279: 7277: 7274: 7272: 7269: 7267: 7264: 7262: 7259: 7257: 7254: 7253: 7251: 7247: 7244: 7240: 7232: 7229: 7227: 7224: 7222: 7219: 7217: 7216:Vaccine court 7214: 7212: 7209: 7208: 7206: 7202: 7199: 7197: 7194: 7192: 7189: 7187: 7184: 7182: 7179: 7177: 7174: 7172: 7171:GAVI Alliance 7169: 7168: 7166: 7165: 7163: 7159: 7153: 7150: 7148: 7145: 7143: 7139: 7136: 7134: 7130: 7126: 7122: 7119: 7115: 7112: 7110: 7107: 7106: 7104: 7102: 7099: 7097: 7094: 7093: 7091: 7087: 7081: 7078: 7076: 7073: 7071: 7068: 7066: 7063: 7059: 7056: 7055: 7054: 7051: 7049: 7046: 7045: 7043: 7039: 7034: 7030: 7026: 7022: 7018: 7014: 7010: 7003: 6998: 6996: 6991: 6989: 6984: 6983: 6980: 6968: 6965: 6963: 6960: 6958: 6955: 6953: 6950: 6948: 6945: 6943: 6940: 6938: 6935: 6933: 6930: 6928: 6927:Botryomycosis 6925: 6923: 6920: 6918: 6915: 6911: 6908: 6906: 6903: 6902: 6901: 6898: 6896: 6893: 6891: 6888: 6886: 6883: 6881: 6878: 6876: 6873: 6869: 6866: 6864: 6861: 6860: 6859: 6856: 6855: 6852: 6849: 6847: 6844: 6842: 6839: 6835: 6832: 6830: 6826: 6823: 6822: 6821: 6818: 6816: 6813: 6809: 6806: 6805: 6804: 6803:Boil/furuncle 6801: 6797: 6794: 6793: 6792: 6789: 6788: 6786: 6780: 6770: 6767: 6765: 6762: 6760: 6757: 6755: 6752: 6750: 6747: 6745: 6744:Leptospirosis 6742: 6740: 6737: 6735: 6732: 6730: 6727: 6725: 6722: 6720: 6717: 6715: 6712: 6710: 6707: 6706: 6704: 6700: 6694: 6692: 6688: 6687: 6685: 6683: 6679: 6669: 6667: 6663: 6661: 6658: 6656: 6653: 6651: 6648: 6646: 6643: 6641: 6640:Salmonellosis 6638: 6636: 6633: 6630: 6626: 6622: 6618: 6616: 6611: 6607: 6605: 6603: 6599: 6597: 6596:Rhinoscleroma 6594: 6592: 6591: 6587: 6585: 6582: 6580: 6577: 6576: 6574: 6570: 6564: 6561: 6559: 6556: 6554: 6551: 6549: 6547: 6542: 6540: 6537: 6535: 6531: 6527: 6524: 6523: 6521: 6517: 6511: 6508: 6506: 6503: 6501: 6498: 6496: 6493: 6491: 6488: 6486: 6483: 6481: 6478: 6476: 6473: 6471: 6468: 6466: 6463: 6461: 6458: 6456: 6453: 6451: 6448: 6446: 6443: 6441: 6439: 6435: 6433: 6430: 6428: 6425: 6423: 6420: 6418: 6415: 6413: 6410: 6408: 6405: 6403: 6400: 6398: 6395: 6393: 6390: 6388: 6385: 6384: 6382: 6378: 6375: 6373: 6369: 6366: 6364: 6360: 6346: 6343: 6341: 6339: 6335: 6333: 6330: 6328: 6325: 6323: 6320: 6319: 6317: 6313: 6307: 6304: 6302: 6299: 6297: 6294: 6292: 6289: 6287: 6284: 6282: 6281:Scrofuloderma 6279: 6277: 6274: 6272: 6269: 6267: 6264: 6262: 6260: 6256: 6254: 6252: 6248: 6246: 6244: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6233: 6230: 6228: 6225: 6223: 6220: 6218: 6215: 6213: 6210: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6200: 6198: 6195: 6193: 6190: 6188: 6185: 6183: 6180: 6179: 6177: 6175: 6169: 6166: 6164: 6160: 6150: 6149: 6145: 6143: 6140: 6138: 6135: 6134: 6132: 6128: 6122: 6119: 6117: 6114: 6113: 6111: 6109: 6108: 6103: 6099: 6095: 6093: 6092: 6087: 6081: 6080:Scarlet fever 6078: 6076: 6072: 6069: 6067: 6065: 6060: 6058: 6055: 6053: 6050: 6048: 6045: 6044: 6042: 6040: 6039: 6038:Streptococcus 6034: 6028: 6025: 6023: 6020: 6018: 6015: 6014: 6012: 6010: 6009: 6004: 6001: 5999: 5995: 5992: 5990: 5986: 5982: 5975: 5970: 5968: 5963: 5961: 5956: 5955: 5952: 5934: 5932: 5928: 5927: 5926: 5925: 5921: 5917: 5913: 5912:MALT lymphoma 5909: 5906: 5905: 5904: 5903: 5899: 5895: 5891: 5888: 5887: 5886: 5885: 5881: 5880: 5878: 5876: 5872: 5869: 5867: 5863: 5851: 5849: 5845: 5844: 5843: 5842: 5838: 5834: 5833: 5831: 5829: 5828:Aeromonadales 5825: 5817: 5814: 5813: 5812: 5811: 5807: 5806: 5804: 5802: 5798: 5792: 5791: 5787: 5786: 5784: 5782: 5778: 5772: 5771: 5767: 5765: 5764: 5760: 5756: 5754: 5750: 5749: 5748: 5747: 5743: 5742: 5740: 5738: 5734: 5728: 5727: 5723: 5721: 5720: 5716: 5714: 5713: 5709: 5707: 5706: 5702: 5698: 5695: 5694: 5693: 5692: 5688: 5687: 5685: 5683: 5679: 5671: 5668: 5667: 5666: 5665: 5661: 5660: 5658: 5656: 5655:Thiotrichales 5652: 5644: 5641: 5640: 5639: 5638: 5634: 5630: 5627: 5626: 5625: 5624: 5620: 5616: 5615: 5613: 5611: 5610:Legionellales 5607: 5597: 5594: 5593: 5591: 5588: 5587: 5581: 5573: 5570: 5569: 5568: 5567: 5563: 5561: 5558: 5557: 5555: 5552: 5551: 5545: 5537: 5534: 5533: 5532: 5531: 5527: 5523: 5520: 5519: 5518: 5517: 5513: 5509: 5506: 5504: 5502: 5498: 5497: 5496: 5495: 5494:H. influenzae 5491: 5490: 5488: 5485: 5483: 5477: 5474: 5472: 5468: 5452: 5449: 5448: 5447: 5446: 5442: 5438: 5435: 5434: 5433: 5432: 5428: 5424: 5420: 5417: 5416: 5415: 5414: 5410: 5408: 5407: 5402: 5401: 5397: 5393: 5389: 5386: 5385: 5384: 5383: 5379: 5375: 5371: 5367: 5366: 5364: 5360: 5352: 5351:Salmonellosis 5348: 5344: 5343:Typhoid fever 5341: 5340: 5339: 5338: 5334: 5333: 5331: 5329: 5325: 5322: 5320: 5316: 5310: 5309: 5304: 5303: 5299: 5295: 5293: 5289: 5288: 5287: 5286: 5282: 5281: 5279: 5277: 5273: 5267: 5266: 5262: 5258: 5257: 5252: 5249: 5248: 5247: 5244: 5242: 5239: 5237: 5234: 5232: 5229: 5227: 5223: 5222: 5218: 5217: 5214: 5213: 5209: 5205: 5202: 5201: 5200: 5199: 5195: 5191: 5187: 5186:Rhinoscleroma 5184: 5183: 5182: 5181: 5177: 5176: 5174: 5172: 5168: 5165: 5162: 5157: 5153: 5150: 5148: 5144: 5132: 5129: 5128: 5127: 5126: 5122: 5118: 5116: 5115: 5111: 5107: 5104: 5103: 5102: 5101: 5097: 5093: 5090: 5089: 5088: 5087: 5083: 5082: 5080: 5078: 5074: 5062: 5059: 5058: 5057: 5056: 5052: 5048: 5045: 5044: 5043: 5042: 5037: 5036: 5032: 5031: 5029: 5026: 5021: 5013: 5010: 5009: 5008: 5007: 5003: 5002: 5000: 4998: 4994: 4986: 4982: 4978: 4975: 4974: 4973: 4972: 4968: 4967: 4965: 4963: 4959: 4956: 4954: 4950: 4947: 4945: 4941: 4925: 4921: 4918: 4917: 4916: 4915: 4911: 4907: 4904: 4903: 4902: 4898: 4894: 4890: 4887: 4886: 4885: 4884: 4880: 4876: 4873: 4872: 4871: 4870: 4865: 4864:Bartonellosis 4862: 4861: 4859: 4857: 4853: 4845: 4842: 4841: 4840: 4839: 4835: 4834: 4832: 4830: 4826: 4823: 4821: 4817: 4805: 4802: 4801: 4800: 4799: 4795: 4791: 4788: 4787: 4786: 4785: 4781: 4777: 4773: 4770: 4769: 4768: 4767: 4762: 4759: 4758: 4756: 4754: 4750: 4734: 4731: 4730: 4729: 4728: 4724: 4723: 4721: 4719: 4715: 4707: 4704: 4703: 4702: 4701: 4697: 4693: 4690: 4689: 4688: 4687: 4683: 4682: 4680: 4678: 4674: 4666: 4664: 4660: 4659: 4658: 4657: 4653: 4649: 4646: 4645: 4644: 4643: 4639: 4635: 4632: 4631: 4630: 4629: 4625: 4621: 4618: 4617: 4616: 4615: 4611: 4607: 4604: 4603: 4602: 4601: 4597: 4593: 4590: 4589: 4588: 4587: 4583: 4579: 4576: 4575: 4574: 4573: 4569: 4565: 4562: 4561: 4560: 4559: 4555: 4551: 4548: 4547: 4546: 4545: 4541: 4540: 4538: 4536: 4532: 4529: 4527: 4521: 4513: 4509: 4505: 4502: 4501: 4500: 4499: 4495: 4491: 4490:Murine typhus 4488: 4487: 4486: 4485: 4481: 4480: 4478: 4476: 4472: 4469: 4466: 4465:Rickettsioses 4460: 4456: 4453: 4451: 4450:Rickettsiales 4447: 4444: 4442: 4438: 4434: 4430: 4423: 4418: 4416: 4411: 4409: 4404: 4403: 4400: 4388: 4385: 4383: 4380: 4378: 4375: 4373: 4370: 4368: 4365: 4363: 4360: 4358: 4355: 4353: 4350: 4348: 4345: 4343: 4340: 4338: 4335: 4334: 4332: 4328: 4322: 4319: 4317: 4314: 4312: 4309: 4307: 4304: 4302: 4299: 4297: 4294: 4292: 4289: 4287: 4284: 4282: 4279: 4277: 4274: 4272: 4269: 4267: 4264: 4262: 4259: 4257: 4254: 4252: 4249: 4248: 4246: 4242: 4236: 4233: 4231: 4228: 4226: 4223: 4221: 4218: 4216: 4213: 4211: 4208: 4206: 4205:Operation LAC 4203: 4201: 4198: 4196: 4195:Operation Dew 4193: 4191: 4188: 4186: 4183: 4181: 4178: 4176: 4173: 4172: 4170: 4166: 4160: 4157: 4155: 4152: 4150: 4147: 4145: 4142: 4140: 4137: 4135: 4132: 4130: 4127: 4125: 4122: 4120: 4117: 4115: 4112: 4110: 4107: 4105: 4102: 4100: 4097: 4095: 4092: 4091: 4089: 4085: 4079: 4076: 4074: 4071: 4069: 4066: 4064: 4061: 4059: 4056: 4054: 4051: 4049: 4046: 4044: 4041: 4039: 4038:Potato blight 4036: 4034: 4031: 4029: 4026: 4024: 4021: 4019: 4016: 4014: 4011: 4009: 4006: 4004: 4001: 3999: 3996: 3994: 3991: 3989: 3986: 3984: 3981: 3979: 3976: 3975: 3973: 3969: 3963: 3960: 3958: 3955: 3953: 3950: 3948: 3945: 3943: 3940: 3938: 3935: 3933: 3930: 3928: 3925: 3923: 3920: 3919: 3917: 3913: 3909: 3902: 3897: 3895: 3890: 3888: 3883: 3882: 3879: 3873: 3869: 3865: 3864: 3860: 3858: 3854: 3851: 3848: 3843: 3839: 3838: 3825: 3821: 3817: 3813: 3808: 3803: 3799: 3795: 3791: 3784: 3776: 3770: 3762: 3758: 3753: 3748: 3744: 3740: 3736: 3732: 3728: 3721: 3713: 3709: 3705: 3701: 3697: 3690: 3682: 3678: 3673: 3668: 3664: 3660: 3656: 3649: 3641: 3637: 3632: 3627: 3622: 3617: 3613: 3609: 3605: 3598: 3590: 3586: 3581: 3576: 3571: 3566: 3562: 3558: 3554: 3547: 3539: 3535: 3530: 3525: 3521: 3517: 3513: 3509: 3505: 3498: 3490: 3486: 3482: 3478: 3473: 3468: 3464: 3460: 3456: 3449: 3441: 3437: 3433: 3429: 3424: 3419: 3415: 3411: 3407: 3400: 3392: 3388: 3384: 3380: 3376: 3372: 3365: 3357: 3353: 3349: 3345: 3341: 3337: 3330: 3322: 3318: 3314: 3310: 3307:(1–2): 1–16. 3306: 3302: 3295: 3287: 3283: 3279: 3278: 3270: 3259: 3252: 3244: 3240: 3236: 3232: 3227: 3222: 3218: 3214: 3210: 3203: 3195: 3191: 3186: 3181: 3177: 3173: 3169: 3162: 3154: 3150: 3146: 3143:(in French). 3142: 3135: 3127: 3123: 3119: 3115: 3110: 3105: 3101: 3097: 3093: 3086: 3078: 3074: 3069: 3064: 3060: 3056: 3052: 3048: 3044: 3037: 3029: 3025: 3021: 3017: 3012: 3007: 3003: 2999: 2995: 2991: 2987: 2985: 2976: 2968: 2964: 2959: 2954: 2950: 2946: 2942: 2938: 2934: 2932: 2923: 2915: 2911: 2907: 2903: 2899: 2895: 2888: 2880: 2876: 2871: 2866: 2862: 2858: 2854: 2850: 2846: 2839: 2831: 2827: 2822: 2817: 2812: 2807: 2803: 2799: 2795: 2788: 2780: 2776: 2771: 2766: 2761: 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1904: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1885: 1883: 1881: 1879: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1843: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1814: 1806: 1802: 1797: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1773: 1765: 1761: 1756: 1751: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1724: 1716: 1709: 1694: 1690: 1689: 1683: 1677: 1661: 1657: 1651: 1637:on 2007-07-01 1633: 1626: 1620: 1601: 1597: 1596: 1588: 1582: 1567: 1563: 1562: 1557: 1550: 1541: 1536: 1533:(7): 1051–2. 1532: 1528: 1527: 1522: 1515: 1507: 1503: 1498: 1493: 1488: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1456: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1421: 1413: 1409: 1404: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1372: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1347: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1323: 1315: 1311: 1306: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1274: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1247:(in French). 1246: 1239: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1209: 1207: 1205: 1203: 1194: 1188: 1184: 1179: 1178: 1172: 1165: 1163: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1133: 1131: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1101: 1093: 1089: 1084: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1052: 1044: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1023: 1021: 1019: 1003: 999: 995: 989: 987: 985: 980: 972: 969: 958: 955: 954: 953: 951: 936: 934: 929: 925: 916: 912: 910: 905: 896: 894: 883: 877: 874:agent by the 873: 869: 865: 861: 859: 855: 851: 847: 839: 833: 831: 827: 818: 816: 812: 811: 807:films (1939, 806: 796: 794: 790: 789: 784: 783: 778: 774: 770: 766: 762: 758: 754: 750: 749: 744: 740: 735: 733: 729: 725: 721: 713: 710: 706: 702: 693: 689: 680: 678: 667: 663: 660: 656: 651: 649: 644: 642: 638: 634: 630: 619: 612: 608: 606: 602: 600: 596: 593: 591: 588: 586: 583: 580: 577: 574: 571: 570: 569: 566: 562: 552: 549: 541: 537: 528: 526: 521: 517: 513: 509: 508:ciprofloxacin 505: 501: 497: 493: 483: 481: 477: 473: 467: 465: 459: 456: 452: 447: 445: 441: 438: 434: 424: 422: 418: 414: 410: 406: 401: 399: 395: 394: 389: 384: 380: 373: 368: 359: 357: 353: 349: 345: 340: 338: 334: 329: 327: 323: 319: 315: 311: 307: 302: 300: 296: 291: 289: 285: 281: 277: 273: 269: 265: 261: 257: 253: 249: 245: 241: 231: 229: 221: 217: 213: 209: 208:vaginal mucus 205: 201: 197: 193: 189: 185: 181: 177: 173: 169: 165: 161: 160: 155: 151: 142: 138: 134: 130: 126: 125:leptospirosis 122: 118: 114: 111: 109: 105: 101: 99: 95: 91: 87: 82: 76: 73: 71: 67: 63: 59: 55: 52:detection of 51: 47: 43: 38: 34: 30: 25: 19: 8235: 8224: 8210: 8199: 8175: 8164: 8149: 8134: 8055:Epidemiology 8031: 8003: 7889:DTaP-IPV/Hib 7680:Yellow fever 7593:EpiVacCorona 7345:Tuberculosis 7318:Pneumococcal 7286:Lyme disease 7114:Heterologous 7013:Immunization 6932:Malakoplakia 6858:Folliculitis 6782:Unspecified 6754:Lyme disease 6691:Helicobacter 6690: 6665: 6634: 6614: 6601: 6588: 6545: 6526:Gonococcemia 6437: 6417:Trench fever 6397:Scrub typhus 6337: 6258: 6250: 6242: 6202:Buruli ulcer 6171: 6146: 6116:Gas gangrene 6105: 6089: 6063: 6036: 6006: 5931:Helicobacter 5930: 5922: 5908:Peptic ulcer 5900: 5882: 5847: 5835: 5808: 5788: 5768: 5761: 5752: 5744: 5724: 5717: 5710: 5703: 5689: 5682:Vibrionaceae 5662: 5642: 5635: 5617: 5584: 5564: 5548: 5528: 5514: 5500: 5492: 5480: 5443: 5429: 5411: 5404: 5398: 5368: 5335: 5306: 5300: 5291: 5283: 5259: 5219: 5210: 5196: 5178: 5119: 5112: 5098: 5084: 5053: 5039: 5033: 5024: 5004: 4969: 4953:Neisseriales 4912: 4900: 4896: 4889:Trench fever 4881: 4867: 4836: 4829:Brucellaceae 4796: 4782: 4776:Anaplasmosis 4764: 4761:Ehrlichiosis 4725: 4706:Scrub typhus 4698: 4684: 4662: 4654: 4640: 4626: 4612: 4598: 4584: 4570: 4556: 4542: 4496: 4482: 4431:-associated 4286:Fort Douglas 4281:Fort Detrick 4266:Building 470 4261:Building 257 4256:Building 101 4154:M143 bomblet 4109:E23 munition 4104:E14 munition 4094:E120 bomblet 4078:Yellow fever 3998:Dengue fever 3936: 3862: 3853:Q fever 3849:at Wikiquote 3797: 3793: 3783: 3769: 3734: 3730: 3720: 3703: 3699: 3689: 3662: 3658: 3648: 3611: 3607: 3597: 3560: 3556: 3546: 3511: 3507: 3497: 3462: 3458: 3448: 3413: 3409: 3399: 3374: 3370: 3364: 3339: 3335: 3329: 3304: 3300: 3294: 3276: 3269: 3251: 3216: 3212: 3202: 3175: 3171: 3161: 3144: 3140: 3134: 3099: 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Retrieved 997: 970: 967: 947: 932: 930: 926: 922: 919:Epidemiology 913: 906: 902: 889: 872:bioterrorism 863: 862: 854:Project SHAD 834: 825: 824: 808: 802: 786: 780: 772: 757:Gordon Davis 746: 736: 717: 712:Image B 711: 705:Image A 704: 690: 686: 677:endocarditis 673: 664: 655:goat farming 652: 645: 625: 616: 558: 545: 539: 531:Epidemiology 500:tetracycline 489: 479: 468: 460: 454: 448: 430: 417:liver biopsy 402: 391: 376: 341: 337:inflammation 333:endocarditis 330: 303: 292: 237: 224:9 to 40 days 218:-borne. The 182:, including 178:, and other 157: 153: 150:Q fever 149: 148: 137:dengue fever 98:Risk factors 61: 53: 27:Q fever 18: 8201:MedlinePlus 8091:from market 7987:Controversy 7921:researchers 7837:Hepatitis B 7723:Hepatitis C 7668:Chicken pox 7494:Hepatitis E 7489:Hepatitis B 7484:Hepatitis A 7430:Chikungunya 7407:Shigellosis 7261:Brucellosis 7147:Therapeutic 7101:Inactivated 7041:Development 7029:Inoculation 7021:Vaccination 6937:Pyomyositis 6645:Shigellosis 6615:Pseudomonas 6539:Melioidosis 6505:Oroya fever 6495:Brucellosis 6327:Nocardiosis 6137:Listeriosis 6107:Clostridium 5753:Pseudomonas 5501:Haemophilus 5482:Haemophilus 5437:Yersiniosis 5388:Shigellosis 5092:Melioidosis 4901:B. quintana 4897:B. henselae 4844:Brucellosis 4230:Project 112 4043:Psittacosis 4023:Melioidosis 4018:Lassa fever 3932:Brucellosis 3800:(1): 1–12. 3563:(5): 1395. 2413:(8): 1530. 2091:www.cdc.gov 1950:MedlinePlus 1666:12 February 1595:CSL Limited 998:www.cdc.gov 950:biosecurity 933:C. burnetii 850:Project 112 805:Dr. Kildare 791:, and is a 788:Francisella 777:Rickettsiae 726:workers in 709:chest X-ray 707:: A normal 637:doxycycline 633:doxycycline 540:C. burnetii 496:doxycycline 492:antibiotics 451:CSL Limited 390:parasites, 320:, although 260:muscle pain 154:query fever 121:brucellosis 32:Other names 8258:Categories 8226:Patient UK 8177:DiseasesDB 8022:Thiomersal 7968:Paul Offit 7943:Jonas Salk 7919:Inventors/ 7790:research: 7767:research: 7704:research: 7633:Skycovione 7623:Sanofi–GSK 7568:SARS-CoV-2 7479:Hantavirus 7440:rVSV-ZEBOV 7425:Adenovirus 7393:research: 7271:Diphtheria 7109:Attenuated 6825:Paronychia 6820:Cellulitis 6693:cellulitis 6604:cellulitis 6544:Cutaneous 6148:Mycoplasma 6098:Erythrasma 6071:Erysipelas 6062:Cutaneous 5933:cellulitis 5516:H. ducreyi 5503:meningitis 5025:ungrouped: 4718:Flea-borne 4677:Mite-borne 4535:Tick-borne 4291:Fort Terry 4244:Facilities 4058:Rinderpest 4013:Hantavirus 3947:Rice blast 2804:(1): 345. 2382:2023-12-12 2213:: 100463. 2188:2023-11-21 2175:StatPearls 2101:2020-05-27 1989:2023-11-21 1961:2018-04-17 1901:: 99–105. 1833:2021-08-27 1699:2020-07-11 1658:. AusVet. 1641:2007-05-08 1572:2022-01-28 1152:2018-04-17 1120:2018-04-17 1008:2020-05-27 975:References 886:In animals 782:Legionella 748:Rickettsia 732:Queensland 573:Veterinary 565:pathogenic 520:quinolones 440:Paul Fiset 437:virologist 427:Prevention 282:, such as 274:, chills, 264:joint pain 192:inhalation 129:meningitis 8212:eMedicine 8101:Phase III 8089:Withdrawn 8017:Pox party 7827:ALVAC-CEA 7749:Protozoan 7638:Sputnik V 7588:CoronaVac 7558:Rotavirus 7456:Pandemrix 7308:Pertussis 7249:Bacterial 7133:Synthetic 7096:Conjugate 7048:Adjuvants 7025:Infection 6815:Carbuncle 6668:infection 6666:Aeromonas 6660:Chancroid 6584:Tularemia 6548:infection 6530:Gonorrhea 6440:infection 6340:infection 6261:infection 6253:infection 6245:infection 6066:infection 5998:Bacillota 5850:infection 5848:Aeromonas 5755:infection 5670:Tularemia 5522:Chancroid 5294:infection 5276:Slow/weak 5190:Pneumonia 5131:Pertussis 5012:Gonorrhea 4665:infection 4149:M115 bomb 4144:M114 bomb 4087:Munitions 3952:Tularemia 3614:(1): 46. 3489:243762186 3440:226269478 3391:0924-2244 3377:: 65–72. 3286:836117348 3256:Valla G. 3153:862686843 3118:0928-4249 3028:247236730 2499:CRC Press 2429:2076-2607 2300:253662234 2292:2791-223X 2227:2667-193X 2171:"Q Fever" 2143:0025-6196 1915:0001-706X 1378:"Q fever" 1363:248889597 1257:116712679 1171:"Q Fever" 1029:"Q Fever" 909:ruminants 893:ruminants 659:livestock 613:) workers 605:kangaroos 599:abattoirs 579:Stockyard 575:personnel 512:ofloxacin 486:Treatment 472:anoestrus 362:Diagnosis 306:hepatitis 276:confusion 254:, severe 164:bacterium 117:influenza 113:pneumonia 70:Specialty 8309:Zoonoses 8237:Orphanet 8220:ped/1973 8217:med/1982 7859:Prostvac 7852:Gardasil 7847:Cervarix 7794:Hookworm 7673:Shingles 7655:Smallpox 7573:Corbevax 7509:Gardasil 7504:Cervarix 7242:Vaccines 7196:Schedule 7167:Global: 7075:Timeline 7017:Vaccines 6900:Gangrene 6851:Pyoderma 6784:pathogen 6714:Syphilis 6709:Syphilid 6558:Glanders 6363:Gram -ve 6047:Impetigo 6022:Impetigo 5989:Gram +ve 5378:flexneri 5292:Serratia 5106:Glanders 4119:E61 bomb 4063:Smallpox 4008:Glanders 3988:Bird flu 3927:Botulism 3824:29026616 3816:20920383 3761:30084178 3681:17903418 3640:25056416 3589:34068431 3538:28272921 3481:34735368 3432:33156002 3356:30681125 3321:21115308 3235:29566608 3194:15845229 3126:15845229 3077:26134933 3020:35245373 3011:11290099 2967:33583452 2914:22989183 2879:22172398 2830:34736464 2779:12704232 2706:14592601 2668:Archived 2664:11616027 2628:30 April 2622:Archived 2600:19315693 2447:36013948 2358:18452690 2245:36915670 2236:10006848 2183:32310555 2151:18452690 2095:Archived 2031:10589906 1955:Archived 1931:73461378 1923:30831112 1869:17147957 1827:Archived 1805:17682987 1764:21392427 1693:Archived 1660:Archived 1566:Archived 1506:19246385 1447:12491231 1412:10515901 1355:35585196 1314:16757641 1222:Archived 1146:Archived 1114:Archived 1092:16547017 1002:Archived 769:zoonotic 753:H.R. Cox 739:pathogen 728:Brisbane 476:metritis 383:antibody 379:serology 322:jaundice 288:diarrhea 280:symptoms 256:headache 60:against 8231:Q fever 8171:D011778 8048:Related 7994:General 7756:Malaria 7643:Valneva 7608:Novavax 7603:Moderna 7598:Janssen 7583:CanSino 7563:Rubella 7521:Measles 7387:Td/Tdap 7357:Typhoid 7340:Tetanus 7335:Q fever 7266:Cholera 7256:Anthrax 7125:Peptide 7089:Classes 7070:Storage 6880:Ecthyma 6791:Abscess 6719:Chancre 6635:Q fever 6222:Leprosy 6174:related 5697:Cholera 5643:Q fever 5246:O104:H4 5241:O157:H7 4895:Either 4524:Spotted 3937:Q fever 3922:Anthrax 3855:at the 3847:Q fever 3752:6189356 3712:9782633 3631:4115160 3580:8153578 3557:Animals 3529:6489127 3243:4268347 3068:4507354 2958:8060820 2943:: e57. 2870:3311195 2821:8567710 2747:Bibcode 2591:2110862 2582:4582746 2544:6194551 2438:9416428 2066:3301708 1755:3166012 1609:11 July 1497:2657411 1474:Bibcode 1305:1489455 1265:1430809 1083:1428397 939:Control 765:Montana 696:History 648:endemic 611:tannery 585:Farmers 581:workers 444:vaccine 314:abdomen 248:malaise 141:malaria 8206:001337 8084:WHO-EM 8004:Lancet 7881:TA-NIC 7866:NicVAX 7713:Dengue 7553:Rabies 7374:Typhus 7313:Plague 7191:Policy 7152:Toxoid 7080:Trials 6875:Pimple 6650:Plague 6315:Others 6130:Others 5419:Plague 5382:boydii 5374:sonnei 4475:Typhus 4068:Typhus 4033:Plague 3868:PATRIC 3822:  3814:  3759:  3749:  3710:  3679:  3638:  3628:  3587:  3577:  3536:  3526:  3487:  3479:  3438:  3430:  3389:  3354:  3319:  3284:  3241:  3233:  3192:  3151:  3124:  3116:  3075:  3065:  3026:  3018:  3008:  2965:  2955:  2912:  2877:  2867:  2828:  2818:  2777:  2770:154366 2767:  2704:  2662:  2598:  2588:  2580:  2542:  2505:  2445:  2435:  2427:  2356:  2298:  2290:  2243:  2233:  2225:  2181:  2149:  2141:  2064:  2029:  1929:  1921:  1913:  1867:  1803:  1762:  1752:  1504:  1494:  1445:  1410:  1400:  1361:  1353:  1312:  1302:  1263:  1255:  1228:7 July 1189:  1090:  1080:  1039:  609:Hide ( 510:, and 462:or in 398:axenic 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Index


Immunohistochemical
Monoclonal antibodies
Specialty
Infectious diseases
Edit this on Wikidata
Risk factors
Differential diagnosis
pneumonia
influenza
brucellosis
leptospirosis
meningitis
viral hepatitis
dengue fever
malaria
Coxiella burnetii
bacterium
cattle
sheep
goats
domestic mammals
cats
dogs
inhalation
milk
urine
feces
vaginal mucus
semen

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