774:
942:
970:
in
Buddhist or Taoist temples. For the overseas Chinese community, the Qingming festival is very much a solemn family event and, at the same time, a family obligation. They see this festival as a time of reflection for honoring and giving thanks to their forefathers. Overseas Chinese normally visit the graves of their recently deceased relatives on the weekend nearest to the actual date. According to the ancient custom, grave site veneration is only permissible ten days before and after the Qingming Festival. If the visit is not on the actual date, normally veneration before Qingming is encouraged. The Qingming Festival in Malaysia and Singapore normally starts early in the morning by paying respect to distant ancestors from China at home altars. This is followed by visiting the graves of close relatives in the country. Some follow the concept of
1064:
789:
2473:
1417:
2516:
2783:
2856:
2709:
3429:
2607:
1431:
886:(joss paper) and paper replicas of material goods such as cars, homes, phones, and paper servants. This action usually happens during the Qingming festival. In Chinese culture, it is believed that people still need all of those things in the afterlife. Then family members take turns to kowtow three to nine times (depending on the family's adherence to traditional values) before the tomb of the ancestors. The
2429:
49:
969:
in mainland China. Qingming in
Malaysia is an elaborate family function or a clan feast (usually organized by the respective clan association) to commemorate and honor recently deceased relatives at their grave sites and distant ancestors from China at home altars, clan temples, or makeshift altars
874:
After gathering on
Qingming to perform Confucian clan and family duties at the tombstones, graveyards, or columbaria, participants spend the rest of the day in clan or family outings, before they start the spring plowing. Historically, people would often sing and dance, and Qingming was a time when
851:
These rites have a long tradition in Asia, especially among the imperial who legislated these rituals into a national religion. They have been preserved especially by the peasantry and are most popular with farmers today, who believe that continued observances will ensure fruitful harvests ahead by
995:
games, using ropes of up to 167 metres (548 ft) with shorter ropes attached and more than 500 people on each end of the rope. Each side also had its own team of drummers to encourage the participants. In honor of these customs, families often go hiking or kiting, play
Chinese soccer or
890:
ritual in front of the grave is performed in the order of patriarchal seniority within the family. After the ancestor worship at the grave site, the whole family or the whole clan feast on the food and drink they have brought for the worship. Another ritual related to the festival is the
737:
but could not find them. He then ordered his men to set fire to the forest in order to force Jie out. When Jie and his mother were killed instead, the duke ordered that thenceforth no one should light a fire on the date of Jie's death. The people of Shanxi subsequently revered Jie as an
965:, take this festival seriously and observe its traditions faithfully. Some Qingming rituals and ancestral veneration decorum observed by the overseas Chinese in Malaysia and Singapore can be dated back to the Ming and Qing dynasties, as the overseas communities were not affected by the
742:
and avoided lighting fires for as long as a month in the depths of winter, a practice so injurious to children and the elderly that the area's rulers unsuccessfully attempted to ban it for centuries. A compromise finally developed where it was restricted to 3 days around the
829:
and to offer remembrances of their ancestors to living blood relatives, their kith and kin. In some places, people believe that sweeping the tomb is only allowed during this festival, as they believe the dead will get disturbed if the sweeping is done on other days.
728:
invaded Jin and enthroned Chong'er as its duke, where he was generous in rewarding those who had helped him in his time of need. Owing either to his high-mindedness or to the duke's neglect, however, Jie was long passed over. He finally retired to the forest around
581:, either 4, 5 or 6 April in a given year. During Qingming, Chinese families visit the tombs of their ancestors to clean the gravesites and make ritual offerings to their ancestors. Offerings would typically include traditional food dishes and the burning of
1008:
The
Qingming festival is also a part of spiritual and religious practices in China, and is associated with Buddhism. For example, Buddhism teaches that those who die with guilt are unable to eat in the afterlife, except on the day of the Qingming festival.
800:
Qingming
Festival is when Chinese people traditionally visit ancestral tombs to sweep them. This tradition has been legislated by the Emperors who built majestic imperial tombstones for every dynasty. For thousands of years, the Chinese imperials,
821:
filial piety by tombsweeping, to visit burial grounds, graveyards or in modern urban cities, the city columbaria, to perform groundskeeping and maintenance and to commit to pray for their
1662:
1091:
city, the capital of the Song dynasty, but does not include any of the activities associated with the holiday, however, and the term "Qingming" may not refer to the holiday.
2668:
863:
branches, are popular at this time. Some people wear willow twigs on their heads on
Qingming or stick willow branches on their homes. There are similarities to
2595:
1569:
2771:
2573:
2461:
2678:
2505:
1884:
875:
young couples traditionally started courting. Another popular thing to do is to fly kites in the shapes of animals or characters from folk tales or
3478:
833:
The young and old alike kneel to offer prayers before tombstones of the ancestors, offer the burning of joss in both the forms of incense sticks (
651:
515:
2172:
773:
1778:
2749:
2439:
1069:
1058:
911:
2029:
3458:
2588:
1910:
1445:
941:
929:, the Qingming Festival was not a public holiday until 1972. Three years later, upon the death of Chiang Kai-shek on 5 April 1975, the
3503:
1045:
The
Qingming festival was originally considered the day with the best spring weather when many people would go out and travel. The
933:
government declared that the anniversary of Chiang's death be observed alongside the festival. The practice was abolished in 2007.
596:
The origins of the
Qingming Festival go back more than 2500 years, although the observance has changed significantly. It became a
2764:
2337:
2304:
1698:
871:
in
Christianity; both are religious rituals. Furthermore, the belief is that the willow branches will help ward off misfortune.
841:), sweep the tombs and offer food in memory of the ancestors. Depending on the religion of the observers, some pray to a higher
3473:
2454:
1977:
765:, Xuanzong sought to curb this practice by declaring that such respects could be formally paid only once a year, on Qingming.
3488:
3207:
2839:
2733:
2683:
2581:
2347:
2314:
2055:
1246:) meets a ghost of a dead old lady. The description of the scenery during this festival is one of the best-known passages of
1924:
3453:
2124:
1027:
by their picking dates. Green teas made from leaves picked before this date are given the prestigious 'pre-Qingming tea' (
2887:
2603:
3493:
3185:
2757:
2433:
3483:
3157:
2447:
1822:
1762:
633:
on that day in 1975, but with Chiang's popularity waning, this convention is not being observed. A confection called
2150:
1063:
1037:) designation which commands a much higher price tag. These teas are prized for their aroma, taste, and tenderness.
1023:
The Qingming festival holiday has significance in the Chinese tea culture since this specific day divides the fresh
902:
The holiday is often marked by people paying respects to those who are considered national or legendary heroes. The
2198:
757:. Wealthy citizens in China were reportedly holding too many extravagant and ostentatiously expensive ceremonies
3145:
2779:
1113:
370:
220:
2540:
1118:
758:
439:
236:
142:
2469:
2611:
1531:
1888:
848:
People who live far away and can't travel to their ancestors' tombs may make a sacrifice from a distance.
3463:
2723:
3468:
2728:
2226:
3498:
3195:
3180:
3002:
2946:
2787:
2566:
Sometimes if Mid-Autumn Festival is near National Day, Mid-Autumn Festival may be in the golden week.
2176:
2078:
626:
3200:
2477:
754:
697:
597:
17:
2808:
2803:
879:. Another common practice is to carry flowers instead of burning paper, incense, or firecrackers.
3029:
2880:
1550:
919:
907:
2936:
2007:
3300:
2941:
2033:
1862:
644:
1952:
2688:
1477:
1247:
788:
781:
family pray for their deceased members at Qingming Festival of 2013 under the Heaven Gate of
744:
716:
and around China. Supposedly, he once even cut flesh from his thigh to provide his lord with
567:
31:
3290:
3240:
2829:
2653:
1808:
946:
903:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1788:
243:
227:
8:
3405:
3218:
3014:
2834:
2673:
2550:
2485:
1261:
1018:
966:
689:
2401:
Aijmer, Göran (1978), "Ancestors in the Spring the Qingming Festival in Central China",
1570:"Meet the Chetti Melaka, or Peranakan Indians, striving to save their vanishing culture"
3433:
3350:
2992:
2987:
2873:
2814:
2410:
2106:
1785:
1772:
1516:
1461:
1455:
1100:
892:
778:
705:
681:
675:
663:
574:
406:
398:
425:
349:
3355:
3315:
3310:
2967:
2962:
2819:
2798:
2622:
2530:
2343:
2310:
2110:
2098:
1818:
1758:
1702:
1465:
463:
312:
304:
1663:"108 years of Ching Ming Festival continuous holiday traffic evacuation information"
3385:
3365:
3089:
2844:
2627:
2493:
2090:
1985:
1232:
1046:
954:
845:
to honor their ancestors, while others may pray directly to the ancestral spirits.
813:
alike have gathered together to remember the lives of the departed, to visit their
571:
269:
2261:
2094:
3260:
3190:
3099:
2738:
2663:
2545:
1540:
1471:
1436:
1237:
739:
630:
611:
3104:
2279:
48:
3395:
3375:
3285:
3059:
3054:
3019:
2977:
2128:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1665:. Northeast and Yilan Coast National Scenic Area Administration. 25 March 2019.
1616:
1587:
1512:
1495:
975:
883:
725:
655:
607:
519:
460:
290:
107:
1676:
1256:
3447:
3360:
3212:
3162:
3084:
3079:
3009:
2972:
2931:
2924:
2914:
2648:
2643:
2555:
2102:
1953:"Across China: Sticky rice balls make tradition "stickier" for young Chinese"
1929:
1526:
1506:
876:
782:
578:
342:
157:
2372:
1831:
3410:
3280:
3270:
2855:
1536:
1491:
1450:
1422:
1084:
1077:
971:
701:
590:
415:
276:
1748:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1740:
895:, as well as being available within that historic and cultural context at
600:
in mainland China in 2008, where it is associated with the consumption of
3114:
3069:
3044:
2997:
2638:
2203:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1641:
1049:
describes this custom and mentions of it may be found in ancient poetry.
997:
868:
856:
834:
551:
453:
2414:
3380:
3150:
3074:
2698:
2658:
2384:
2056:"Asia News – South Asia News – Latest headlines – News, Photos, Videos"
1546:
992:
991:
During the Tang dynasty, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang promoted large-scale
930:
915:
838:
814:
747:
730:
586:
563:
328:
321:
146:
1717:
1458:, three consecutive days starting the day before the Qingming Festival
1034:
1031:
1028:
3345:
3265:
3124:
3049:
2896:
2708:
2693:
2606:
1522:
1024:
958:
864:
826:
822:
818:
810:
806:
685:
635:
547:
539:
523:
363:
115:
3415:
3400:
3390:
3119:
3094:
2227:"Taiwan in Time: The evolution of Tomb Sweeping Day – Taipei Times"
1485:
962:
802:
602:
555:
543:
535:
384:
562:. A celebration of spring, it falls on the first day of the fifth
3320:
3255:
3140:
3109:
2919:
2498:
1223:
1088:
896:
793:
582:
559:
422:
1817:. San Francisco: China Books & Periodicals. pp. 61–70.
1430:
3370:
3325:
2782:
2428:
1500:
1123:
926:
920:
thousands honored him during the festival to pay their respects
887:
860:
693:
622:
615:
531:
111:
1978:"Festivals and Rituals of Okinawa – Seimei Ritual (Shiimii) –"
1847:
Eberhard, Wolfram (1952). "Ch'ing-ming, the spring festival".
468:
3064:
3039:
2982:
2515:
2472:
2079:"An Artistic and Spiritual Exploration of Chinese Joss Paper"
1216:
A herdsboy pointing to a village afar – the Apricot Flowers.
1104:
842:
713:
527:
444:
430:
2865:
2403:
Journal of the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society
899:
Millennium City Park (Qingming Riverside Landscape Garden).
3250:
974:
to the extent of visiting the graves of their ancestors in
945:
Colored papers placed on a grave during Qingming Festival,
717:
629:
was in the past observed on 5 April to honor the death of
957:
communities in Southeast Asian nations, such as those in
403:
389:
375:
2342:(in Chinese (Taiwan)). 水星文化. 2 August 2017. p. 50.
1474:, a Mexican celebration similar to the Qingming Festival
733:
with his elderly mother. The duke went to the forest in
333:
1236:(which takes place in Ming China during the reign of
1226:, the Qingming Festival is mentioned (under the name
753:
The present importance of the holiday is credited to
309:
295:
281:
1911:"Ching Ming Festival | Hong Kong Tourism Board"
1412:
1334:
Some blossoms marked pear branches with white dots.
1222:
Although the Qingming Festival is not celebrated in
953:
Despite the festival having no official status, the
1611:
1609:
354:
30:"Qingming" redirects here. For the solar term, see
1755:Chinese Festivals: Traditions, Customs and Rituals
1468:, two Christian observances commemorating the dead
1317:Young grass spread all its green to heaven's rim;
1283:Swift swallows and spring days were shuttling by;
2309:(in Chinese). 青島出版社. 1 January 2020. p. 17.
1402:The sisters and their brother went for a stroll.
3445:
1606:
1395:
1378:
1361:
1344:
1327:
1310:
1293:
1276:
1241:
1815:Mooncakes and Hungry Ghosts: Festivals of China
1368:With graveyard rites and junkets on the green.
1351:Now came the Feast of Light in the third month
1103:. Among these, the most famous one is probably
2251:Tang dynasty Feng Yan: Notes of Feng, volume 6
2077:Chung, Sheng Kuan; Li, Dan (2 November 2017).
2881:
2765:
2589:
2455:
1925:"Why Chinese Burn Paper on Tomb-Sweeping Day"
1385:As merry pilgrims flocked from near and far,
1300:Of ninety radiant ones three score had fled.
1206:
1199:
1184:
1177:
1162:
1155:
1140:
1133:
241:
225:
133:Commemoration of the remembering of ancestors
93:
80:
67:
1757:(Second ed.). Beijing. pp. 31–35.
1070:Along the River During the Qingming Festival
1059:Along the River During the Qingming Festival
855:Religious symbols of ritual purity, such as
2888:
2874:
2772:
2758:
2596:
2582:
2462:
2448:
1812:
1777:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1519:, other Chinese holidays honoring the dead
1503:, a related Korean holiday on the same day
1446:Along the River During Ching Ming Festival
914:which occurred on Qingming. After Premier
852:appeasing the spirits in the other world.
2000:
936:
589:. The holiday recognizes the traditional
1846:
1062:
940:
787:
772:
3479:Observances set by the Chinese calendar
2076:
1855:
1851:. New York: H. Wolff. pp. 112–127.
1295:Thiều quang chín chục đã ngoài sáu mươi
825:in the uniquely Chinese concept of the
577:. This makes it the 15th day after the
14:
3446:
2400:
2151:"Millennium City Park, Kaifeng, Henan"
1012:
996:tug-of-war and plant trees, including
405:
311:
2869:
2753:
2577:
2443:
2173:"Qingming Riverside Landscape Garden"
1509:, a similar ritual in the Middle-East
1099:Qingming was frequently mentioned in
145:, offering food to deceased, burning
53:Burning paper gifts for the departed.
2684:Anniversary of the Xinhai Revolution
2175:. Cultural-china.com. Archived from
1107:'s poem (simply titled "Qingming"):
27:Chinese festival honouring ancestors
2048:
2022:
1877:
1752:
1588:"Qingming Festival – April 5, 2023"
1329:Cành lê trắng điểm một vài bông hoa
1240:), when the protagonist Thúy Kiều (
1194:Please sir, where can I find a bar
1172:Dwellers on the road seem lifeless
24:
3459:Festivals in Chinese folk religion
2394:
1494:, the Japanese counterpart of the
882:Traditionally, a family will burn
498:in English (sometimes also called
25:
3515:
2799:Founding of the Republic of China
2421:
1699:"Macau Government Tourist Office"
680:The festival originated from the
446:Tshing-bîng tseh/Tshinn-miâ tsueh
141:Cleaning and sweeping of graves,
3428:
3427:
2854:
2781:
2707:
2605:
2514:
2471:
2427:
2371:
2280:"Buddhism and Qingming Festival"
1429:
1415:
1397:Chị em sắm sửa bộ hành chơi xuân
1094:
981:
47:
3504:Spring (season) events in China
2669:Hong Kong SAR Establishment Day
2383:] (in Chinese) – via
2363:
2330:
2297:
2272:
2254:
2245:
2219:
2191:
2165:
2143:
2117:
2070:
1970:
1945:
1917:
1903:
1887:. Taiwan.gov.tw. Archived from
1863:"Traditional Chinese Festivals"
1701:. Macau Tourism. Archived from
508:Clear Brightness Festival
469:
445:
432:Chheng-bêng-cheh/Chhiⁿ-miâ-cheh
431:
404:
390:
376:
355:
334:
2369:
2262:"Chinese Traditional Holidays"
1691:
1669:
1655:
1634:
1580:
1562:
1484:day to visit and clean up the
1390:
1373:
1363:Lễ là tảo mộ, hội là đạp thanh
1356:
1346:Thanh minh trong tiết tháng ba
1339:
1322:
1305:
1288:
1271:
1242:
1052:
310:
296:
282:
242:
226:
13:
1:
3474:Observances honoring the dead
2895:
2268:. China Internet News Center.
2125:"Festival of Pure Brightness"
2095:10.1080/00043125.2017.1361770
1556:
1169:lù shàng xíng rén yù duàn hún
768:
684:which is said to commemorate
194:; 1292 years ago
160:(between April 4 and April 6)
3489:Public holidays in Hong Kong
2811:(first 3 days of the period)
2630:(first 3 days of the period)
2612:Public holidays in Hong Kong
1865:. china.org.cn. 5 April 2007
1532:Traditional Chinese holidays
1213:mù tóng yáo zhǐ xìng huā cūn
1147:qīng míng shí jié yǔ fēn fēn
792:Qingming at the cemetery by
682:Cold Food or Hanshi Festival
591:reverence of one's ancestors
516:traditional Chinese festival
81:
7:
3454:Buddhist festivals in China
2127:. Uiowa.edu. Archived from
2058:. UPIAsia.com. 22 July 2012
1677:"General holidays for 2015"
1408:
1003:
837:) and silver-leafed paper (
759:in honor of their ancestors
10:
3520:
3010:Lighting candles on graves
1813:Stepanchuk, Carol (1991).
1191:jiè wèn jiǔ jiā hé chù yǒu
1150:Drizzling during Qingming
1056:
1040:
1016:
673:
606:, green dumplings made of
255:"Pure Brightness Festival"
29:
3494:Public holidays in Taiwan
3424:
3338:
3299:
3239:
3230:
3173:
3133:
3028:
3003:Connecticut field pumpkin
2955:
2905:
2852:
2794:
2788:Public holidays in Taiwan
2716:
2705:
2618:
2564:
2523:
2512:
2484:
2266:Qingming Festival Customs
1396:
1379:
1362:
1345:
1328:
1312:Cỏ non xanh tận chân trời
1311:
1294:
1278:Ngày xuân con én đưa thoi
1277:
1207:
1200:
1185:
1178:
1163:
1156:
1141:
1134:
704:, he followed his master
669:
480:
459:
452:
438:
421:
414:
397:
383:
369:
362:
348:
341:
327:
320:
303:
289:
275:
268:
263:
259:
251:
235:
219:
215:
210:
188:
180:
172:
164:
152:
137:
129:
121:
103:
94:
68:
58:
46:
41:
3484:Public holidays in China
2478:Public holidays in China
986:
755:Emperor Xuanzong of Tang
698:Spring and Autumn period
512:Pure Brightness Festival
221:Traditional Chinese
1525:, a similar holiday of
237:Simplified Chinese
3302:Veneration of the Dead
2153:. Travelchinaguide.com
1073:
950:
937:Malaysia and Singapore
797:
785:
712:BC to exile among the
2947:Christian observances
1982:www.wonder-okinawa.jp
1478:Double Ninth Festival
1380:Gần xa nô nức yến anh
1248:Vietnamese literature
1066:
944:
910:were major events in
791:
776:
647:, is consumed there.
32:Qingming (solar term)
3291:Parade of Lost Souls
3242:Festival of the Dead
2830:Dragon Boat Festival
2804:Lunar New Year's Eve
2689:Chung Yeung Festival
2436:at Wikimedia Commons
1753:Wei, Liming (2010).
1266:English translation
1128:English translation
947:Bukit Brown Cemetery
904:April Fifth Movement
688:, a nobleman of the
593:in Chinese culture.
500:Chinese Memorial Day
3434:Category: Halloween
3219:Treehouse of Horror
3015:Prayer for the dead
2835:Mid-Autumn Festival
2674:Mid-Autumn Festival
2634:Ching Ming Festival
2551:Mid-Autumn Festival
2231:www.taipeitimes.com
2131:on 19 November 2014
1988:on 15 December 2007
1885:"Tomb Sweeping Day"
1642:"Qingming Festival"
1617:"Qingming Festival"
1523:Radonitsa / Pomynky
1262:Vietnamese alphabet
1230:) in the epic poem
1114:Traditional Chinese
1067:A small section of
1019:Chinese tea culture
1013:Chinese tea culture
967:Cultural Revolution
652:holiday is observed
572:traditional Chinese
522:in mainland China,
492:Ching Ming Festival
77:Ching Ming Festival
3464:Festivals in China
3146:Haunted attraction
2815:Peace Memorial Day
1576:. 21 October 2018.
1517:Winter Clothes Day
1456:Cold Food Festival
1119:Simplified Chinese
1101:Chinese literature
1074:
951:
908:Tiananmen Incident
798:
786:
779:Indonesian Chinese
676:Cold Food Festival
575:lunisolar calendar
3469:April observances
3441:
3440:
3334:
3333:
3311:Death anniversary
3276:Qingming Festival
2963:Trick-or-treating
2863:
2862:
2825:Tomb Sweeping Day
2747:
2746:
2654:Buddha's Birthday
2571:
2570:
2536:Qingming Festival
2434:Qingming Festival
2432:Media related to
2349:978-986-390-092-4
2316:978-7-5552-8502-1
2179:on 12 August 2015
2008:"寒食清明节:纪念晋国大夫介之推"
1849:Chinese Festivals
1574:Channel News Asia
1406:
1405:
1220:
1219:
496:Tomb-Sweeping Day
488:Qingming Festival
484:
483:
476:
475:
371:Yale Romanization
297:Ch'ing-ming chieh
270:Standard Mandarin
211:Qingming Festival
206:
205:
90:Tomb Sweeping Day
16:(Redirected from
3511:
3499:Spring festivals
3436:
3431:
3430:
3303:
3243:
3237:
3236:
3158:Pumpkin festival
3032:
2908:
2899:
2890:
2883:
2876:
2867:
2866:
2858:
2845:Retrocession Day
2786:
2785:
2774:
2767:
2760:
2751:
2750:
2724:Queen's Birthday
2711:
2679:PRC National Day
2664:Tuen Ng Festival
2610:
2609:
2598:
2591:
2584:
2575:
2574:
2518:
2476:
2475:
2464:
2457:
2450:
2441:
2440:
2431:
2417:
2389:
2388:
2381:Old Book of Tang
2378:
2367:
2361:
2360:
2358:
2356:
2334:
2328:
2327:
2325:
2323:
2301:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2284:Chinese Scholars
2276:
2270:
2269:
2258:
2252:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2223:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2195:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2169:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2147:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2121:
2115:
2114:
2074:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2052:
2046:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2036:on 15 April 2009
2032:. Archived from
2026:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1984:. Archived from
1974:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1949:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1907:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1881:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1859:
1853:
1852:
1844:
1829:
1828:
1810:
1783:
1782:
1776:
1768:
1750:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1705:on 16 March 2016
1695:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1673:
1667:
1666:
1659:
1653:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1613:
1604:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1584:
1578:
1577:
1566:
1439:
1434:
1433:
1425:
1420:
1419:
1418:
1399:
1398:
1392:
1382:
1381:
1375:
1365:
1364:
1358:
1348:
1347:
1341:
1331:
1330:
1324:
1314:
1313:
1307:
1297:
1296:
1290:
1280:
1279:
1273:
1253:
1252:
1245:
1244:
1233:The Tale of Kieu
1210:
1209:
1203:
1202:
1188:
1187:
1181:
1180:
1166:
1165:
1159:
1158:
1144:
1143:
1137:
1136:
1110:
1109:
1047:Old Book of Tang
955:overseas Chinese
764:
736:
723:
711:
494:, also known as
472:
471:
448:
447:
434:
433:
410:
409:
408:
393:
392:
379:
378:
358:
357:
337:
336:
316:
315:
314:
299:
298:
285:
284:
261:
260:
247:
246:
231:
230:
208:
207:
202:
200:
195:
143:ancestor worship
104:Observed by
99:
97:
96:
86:
84:
83:
73:
71:
70:
51:
39:
38:
21:
3519:
3518:
3514:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3509:
3508:
3444:
3443:
3442:
3437:
3426:
3420:
3351:All Saints' Day
3330:
3301:
3295:
3241:
3232:
3226:
3169:
3129:
3100:Monster cereals
3030:
3024:
2993:Jack-o'-lantern
2951:
2906:
2901:
2897:
2894:
2864:
2859:
2850:
2809:Spring Festival
2790:
2780:
2778:
2748:
2743:
2739:Remembrance Day
2712:
2703:
2614:
2604:
2602:
2572:
2567:
2560:
2546:Duanwu Festival
2519:
2510:
2494:Spring Festival
2480:
2470:
2468:
2424:
2397:
2395:Further reading
2392:
2368:
2364:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2336:
2335:
2331:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2303:
2302:
2298:
2288:
2286:
2278:
2277:
2273:
2260:
2259:
2255:
2250:
2246:
2236:
2234:
2225:
2224:
2220:
2210:
2208:
2197:
2196:
2192:
2182:
2180:
2171:
2170:
2166:
2156:
2154:
2149:
2148:
2144:
2134:
2132:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2075:
2071:
2061:
2059:
2054:
2053:
2049:
2039:
2037:
2028:
2027:
2023:
2013:
2011:
2006:
2005:
2001:
1991:
1989:
1976:
1975:
1971:
1961:
1959:
1951:
1950:
1946:
1936:
1934:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1909:
1908:
1904:
1894:
1892:
1891:on 7 April 2014
1883:
1882:
1878:
1868:
1866:
1861:
1860:
1856:
1845:
1832:
1825:
1811:
1786:
1770:
1769:
1765:
1751:
1718:
1708:
1706:
1697:
1696:
1692:
1682:
1680:
1675:
1674:
1670:
1661:
1660:
1656:
1646:
1644:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1625:
1623:
1615:
1614:
1607:
1597:
1595:
1586:
1585:
1581:
1568:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1541:Chinese culture
1472:Day of the Dead
1462:All Saints' Day
1437:Holidays portal
1435:
1428:
1421:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1097:
1081:Qingming scroll
1061:
1055:
1043:
1021:
1015:
1006:
989:
984:
939:
912:Chinese history
771:
762:
750:in mid-spring.
734:
721:
709:
706:Prince Chong'er
678:
672:
631:Chiang Kai-shek
612:Chinese mugwort
470:Chĭng-mìng-cáik
377:Chīng-mìhng jit
356:Chhîn-mìn-chiet
252:Literal meaning
198:
196:
193:
189:First time
156:15th day after
125:Cultural, Asian
88:
87:
75:
74:
62:
54:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3517:
3507:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3439:
3438:
3425:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3396:Mischief Night
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3376:Eid il-Burbara
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3356:All Souls' Day
3353:
3348:
3342:
3340:
3336:
3335:
3332:
3331:
3329:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3307:
3305:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3293:
3288:
3286:Zhōng yuán jié
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3261:Día de Muertos
3258:
3253:
3247:
3245:
3234:
3228:
3227:
3225:
3224:
3223:
3222:
3215:
3205:
3204:
3203:
3198:
3188:
3183:
3177:
3175:
3171:
3170:
3168:
3167:
3166:
3165:
3155:
3154:
3153:
3143:
3137:
3135:
3131:
3130:
3128:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3055:Bonfire toffee
3052:
3047:
3042:
3036:
3034:
3026:
3025:
3023:
3022:
3020:Pangangaluluwa
3017:
3012:
3007:
3006:
3005:
3000:
2990:
2988:Halloween Tree
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2959:
2957:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2928:
2927:
2922:
2911:
2909:
2903:
2902:
2893:
2892:
2885:
2878:
2870:
2861:
2860:
2853:
2851:
2849:
2848:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2820:Children's Day
2817:
2812:
2806:
2801:
2795:
2792:
2791:
2777:
2776:
2769:
2762:
2754:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2741:
2736:
2734:Double Ten Day
2731:
2729:Liberation Day
2726:
2720:
2718:
2714:
2713:
2706:
2704:
2702:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2628:Lunar New Year
2625:
2623:New Year's Day
2619:
2616:
2615:
2601:
2600:
2593:
2586:
2578:
2569:
2568:
2565:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2531:New Year's Day
2527:
2525:
2524:Other holidays
2521:
2520:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2508:
2503:
2502:
2501:
2490:
2488:
2482:
2481:
2467:
2466:
2459:
2452:
2444:
2438:
2437:
2423:
2422:External links
2420:
2419:
2418:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2390:
2362:
2348:
2329:
2315:
2296:
2271:
2253:
2244:
2233:. 5 April 2020
2218:
2207:. 3 March 2013
2190:
2164:
2142:
2116:
2069:
2047:
2021:
2010:. Cathay.ce.cn
1999:
1969:
1944:
1933:. 2 April 2022
1916:
1902:
1876:
1854:
1830:
1823:
1784:
1763:
1716:
1690:
1668:
1654:
1633:
1621:National Today
1605:
1594:. 4 April 2020
1592:National Today
1579:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1553:
1543:
1534:
1529:
1520:
1513:Ghost Festival
1510:
1504:
1498:
1496:Ghost Festival
1489:
1475:
1469:
1466:All Souls' Day
1459:
1453:
1441:
1440:
1426:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1400:
1393:
1387:
1386:
1383:
1376:
1370:
1369:
1366:
1359:
1353:
1352:
1349:
1342:
1336:
1335:
1332:
1325:
1319:
1318:
1315:
1308:
1302:
1301:
1298:
1291:
1285:
1284:
1281:
1274:
1268:
1267:
1264:
1259:
1218:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1204:
1196:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1182:
1174:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1160:
1152:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1138:
1130:
1129:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1096:
1093:
1083:attributed to
1057:Main article:
1054:
1051:
1042:
1039:
1014:
1011:
1005:
1002:
988:
985:
983:
980:
976:mainland China
938:
935:
918:died in 1976,
770:
767:
726:Duke Mu of Qin
671:
668:
664:local language
656:Ryukyu Islands
645:Jersey cudweed
627:public holiday
608:glutinous rice
598:public holiday
579:Spring Equinox
520:ethnic Chinese
504:Ancestors' Day
482:
481:
478:
477:
474:
473:
466:
457:
456:
450:
449:
442:
436:
435:
428:
419:
418:
412:
411:
401:
395:
394:
387:
381:
380:
373:
367:
366:
364:Yue: Cantonese
360:
359:
352:
346:
345:
339:
338:
335:Tshin min tsih
331:
325:
324:
318:
317:
307:
301:
300:
293:
287:
286:
279:
273:
272:
266:
265:
264:Transcriptions
257:
256:
253:
249:
248:
239:
233:
232:
223:
217:
216:
213:
212:
204:
203:
190:
186:
185:
182:
181:2025 date
178:
177:
174:
173:2024 date
170:
169:
166:
165:2023 date
162:
161:
154:
150:
149:
139:
135:
134:
131:
127:
126:
123:
119:
118:
105:
101:
100:
60:
56:
55:
52:
44:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3516:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3451:
3449:
3435:
3423:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3406:Old Halloween
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3366:Devil's Night
3364:
3362:
3361:Beggars Night
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3337:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3316:Death customs
3314:
3312:
3309:
3308:
3306:
3304:
3298:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3244:
3238:
3235:
3229:
3221:
3220:
3216:
3214:
3213:Great Pumpkin
3211:
3210:
3209:
3206:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3193:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3172:
3164:
3163:Pumpkin Queen
3161:
3160:
3159:
3156:
3152:
3149:
3148:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3132:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3085:Caramel apple
3083:
3081:
3080:Candy pumpkin
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3037:
3035:
3033:
3027:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2995:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2973:Apple bobbing
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2954:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2926:
2925:Allhallowtide
2923:
2921:
2918:
2917:
2916:
2913:
2912:
2910:
2904:
2900:
2891:
2886:
2884:
2879:
2877:
2872:
2871:
2868:
2857:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2796:
2793:
2789:
2784:
2775:
2770:
2768:
2763:
2761:
2756:
2755:
2752:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2715:
2710:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2694:Christmas Day
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2649:Easter Monday
2647:
2645:
2644:Holy Saturday
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2617:
2613:
2608:
2599:
2594:
2592:
2587:
2585:
2580:
2579:
2576:
2563:
2557:
2556:Qixi Festival
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2522:
2517:
2507:
2504:
2500:
2497:
2496:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2489:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2474:
2465:
2460:
2458:
2453:
2451:
2446:
2445:
2442:
2435:
2430:
2426:
2425:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2399:
2398:
2386:
2382:
2377:
2375:
2366:
2351:
2345:
2341:
2340:
2333:
2318:
2312:
2308:
2307:
2300:
2285:
2281:
2275:
2267:
2263:
2257:
2248:
2232:
2228:
2222:
2206:
2205:
2200:
2199:"Celebration"
2194:
2178:
2174:
2168:
2152:
2146:
2130:
2126:
2120:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2083:Art Education
2080:
2073:
2057:
2051:
2035:
2031:
2025:
2009:
2003:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1973:
1958:
1954:
1948:
1932:
1931:
1930:The Beijinger
1926:
1920:
1912:
1906:
1890:
1886:
1880:
1864:
1858:
1850:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1826:
1824:0-8351-2481-9
1820:
1816:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1780:
1774:
1766:
1764:9787508516936
1760:
1756:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1704:
1700:
1694:
1678:
1672:
1664:
1658:
1643:
1637:
1622:
1618:
1612:
1610:
1593:
1589:
1583:
1575:
1571:
1565:
1561:
1552:
1551:Roman culture
1548:
1544:
1542:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1527:Eastern Slavs
1524:
1521:
1518:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1507:Dust Clearing
1505:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1448:
1447:
1443:
1442:
1438:
1432:
1427:
1424:
1413:
1401:
1394:
1389:
1388:
1384:
1377:
1372:
1371:
1367:
1360:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1343:
1338:
1337:
1333:
1326:
1321:
1320:
1316:
1309:
1304:
1303:
1299:
1292:
1287:
1286:
1282:
1275:
1270:
1269:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1239:
1235:
1234:
1229:
1225:
1215:
1212:
1205:
1198:
1197:
1193:
1190:
1183:
1176:
1175:
1171:
1168:
1161:
1154:
1153:
1149:
1146:
1139:
1132:
1131:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1102:
1095:In literature
1092:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1079:
1072:
1071:
1065:
1060:
1050:
1048:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1026:
1020:
1010:
1001:
999:
994:
982:Other customs
979:
977:
973:
968:
964:
960:
956:
948:
943:
934:
932:
928:
923:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
900:
898:
894:
889:
885:
880:
878:
877:Chinese opera
872:
870:
866:
862:
858:
853:
849:
846:
844:
840:
836:
831:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
795:
790:
784:
783:Sanggar Agung
780:
775:
766:
760:
756:
751:
749:
746:
741:
732:
727:
719:
715:
707:
703:
699:
696:) during the
695:
691:
687:
683:
677:
667:
665:
661:
657:
653:
648:
646:
642:
638:
637:
632:
628:
624:
619:
617:
613:
609:
605:
604:
599:
594:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
573:
569:
566:(also called
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
479:
467:
465:
462:
458:
455:
451:
443:
441:
437:
429:
427:
424:
420:
417:
413:
407:
402:
400:
396:
391:Cing-ming zit
388:
386:
382:
374:
372:
368:
365:
361:
353:
351:
347:
344:
340:
332:
330:
326:
323:
319:
313:
308:
306:
302:
294:
292:
288:
280:
278:
274:
271:
267:
262:
258:
254:
250:
245:
240:
238:
234:
229:
224:
222:
218:
214:
209:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
158:March equinox
155:
151:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
117:
113:
109:
106:
102:
91:
78:
65:
61:
59:Official name
57:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
3411:Punkie Night
3339:Other events
3281:Totensonntag
3275:
3271:Pitru Paksha
3251:Bon Festival
3217:
3105:Pão por Deus
2840:National Day
2824:
2633:
2541:Workers' Day
2535:
2506:National Day
2486:Golden weeks
2406:
2402:
2380:
2373:
2365:
2353:. Retrieved
2338:
2332:
2320:. Retrieved
2305:
2299:
2287:. Retrieved
2283:
2274:
2265:
2256:
2247:
2235:. Retrieved
2230:
2221:
2209:. Retrieved
2202:
2193:
2181:. Retrieved
2177:the original
2167:
2155:. Retrieved
2145:
2133:. Retrieved
2129:the original
2119:
2089:(6): 28–35.
2086:
2082:
2072:
2060:. Retrieved
2050:
2038:. Retrieved
2034:the original
2030:"中华人民共和国外交部"
2024:
2012:. Retrieved
2002:
1990:. Retrieved
1986:the original
1981:
1972:
1960:. Retrieved
1956:
1947:
1935:. Retrieved
1928:
1919:
1905:
1893:. Retrieved
1889:the original
1879:
1867:. Retrieved
1857:
1848:
1814:
1754:
1707:. Retrieved
1703:the original
1693:
1681:. Retrieved
1671:
1657:
1645:. Retrieved
1636:
1624:. Retrieved
1620:
1596:. Retrieved
1591:
1582:
1573:
1564:
1537:Filial piety
1492:Bon Festival
1488:in Hong Kong
1481:
1451:Zhang Zeduan
1444:
1423:China portal
1323:梗梨𤽸點𱥺𢽼𱽐花
1289:韶光𠃩𨔿㐌外𦒹𨑮
1231:
1227:
1221:
1098:
1087:may portray
1085:Zhang Zeduan
1080:
1078:Song dynasty
1075:
1068:
1044:
1022:
1007:
998:willow trees
990:
972:filial piety
952:
924:
901:
884:spirit money
881:
873:
869:Palm Sundays
854:
850:
847:
832:
799:
752:
702:Li Ji Unrest
690:state of Jin
679:
659:
649:
643:, made with
640:
634:
620:
616:barley grass
601:
595:
518:observed by
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
485:
416:Southern Min
283:Qīngmíng jié
277:Hanyu Pinyin
130:Significance
89:
76:
64:Qingming Jie
63:
36:
3115:Pumpkin pie
3070:Candy apple
3045:Apple cider
2998:Stingy Jack
2983:Ghost tours
2907:Main topics
2639:Good Friday
2355:27 February
2322:27 February
2204:China Daily
1626:17 February
1076:The famous
1053:In painting
949:, Singapore
865:palm leaves
857:pomegranate
835:joss-sticks
817:to perform
700:. Amid the
583:joss sticks
552:Philippines
454:Eastern Min
350:Pha̍k-fa-sṳ
138:Observances
3448:Categories
3381:Hop-tu-Naa
3208:Television
3151:Hell house
3075:Candy corn
2956:Traditions
2937:Activities
2699:Boxing Day
2659:Labour Day
2385:Wikisource
1992:14 January
1557:References
1547:Parentalia
1486:cemeteries
1228:Thanh Minh
1025:green teas
1017:See also:
993:tug of war
931:Kuomintang
916:Zhou Enlai
839:joss paper
815:tombstones
769:Observance
748:solar term
731:Mount Mian
674:See also:
650:A similar
587:joss paper
564:solar term
329:Suzhounese
291:Wade–Giles
147:joss paper
3346:Allantide
3266:Gai Jatra
3125:Soul cake
3050:Barmbrack
2942:Geography
2898:Halloween
2717:Cancelled
2409:: 59–82,
2339:中國茶文化常識問答
2183:25 August
2157:25 August
2135:25 August
2111:187756852
2103:0004-3125
2062:25 August
2014:25 August
1895:25 August
1869:25 August
1773:cite book
1709:25 August
1683:25 August
1374:𧵆賒奴𱕔燕𲍣
1340:清明𥪝節𣎃𠀧
1306:𦹵𡽫撑羡蹎𡗶
959:Singapore
893:cockfight
888:Kowtowing
827:afterlife
823:ancestors
819:Confucian
811:merchants
807:peasantry
714:Di tribes
686:Jie Zitui
658:, called
641:shuchuguo
636:caozaiguo
570:) of the
548:Indonesia
540:Singapore
524:Hong Kong
510:, or the
116:Ryukyuans
3416:Saci Day
3401:Namahage
3391:Korochun
3120:Rutabaga
3095:Feetloaf
2968:Costumes
2847:(former)
2415:23889632
2289:26 March
2237:23 March
2211:18 March
1647:28 March
1598:31 March
1409:See also
1391:姉㛪懺所步行制春
1357:禮羅掃墓會羅踏青
1004:Buddhism
963:Malaysia
906:and the
867:used on
803:nobility
745:Qingming
740:immortal
720:. In 636
692:(modern
603:qingtuan
568:Qingming
556:Thailand
544:Cambodia
536:Malaysia
514:), is a
385:Jyutping
42:Qingming
18:Qingming
3321:Kaddish
3256:Chuseok
3231:Related
3141:Bonfire
3110:Pumpkin
3090:Cookies
2932:Symbols
2920:Samhain
2915:History
2499:Chunyun
2040:8 April
1962:7 March
1937:7 March
1679:. GovHK
1272:𣈜春昆燕迻梭
1257:Chữ Nôm
1238:Jiajing
1224:Vietnam
1208:牧童遥指杏花村
1201:牧童遙指杏花村
1186:借问酒家何处有
1179:借問酒家何處有
1164:路上行人欲断魂
1157:路上行人欲斷魂
1142:清明时节雨纷纷
1135:清明時節雨紛紛
1089:Kaifeng
1041:Weather
897:Kaifeng
796:Chinese
794:Kolkata
662:in the
654:in the
560:Vietnam
423:Hokkien
197: (
184:4 April
176:4 April
168:5 April
108:Chinese
3432:
3371:Dziady
3326:Yizkor
3233:events
3196:albums
3134:Events
2413:
2376:
2346:
2313:
2109:
2101:
1957:Xinhua
1821:
1761:
1501:Hansik
1480:, the
1124:Pinyin
927:Taiwan
861:willow
809:, and
763:AD 732
735:636 BC
722:
710:
708:in 655
694:Shanxi
670:Origin
625:, the
623:Taiwan
558:, and
532:Taiwan
506:, the
461:Fuzhou
440:Tâi-lô
112:Chitty
3386:Kekri
3201:songs
3191:Music
3186:Films
3181:Books
3174:Media
3065:Candy
3040:Apple
2978:Cards
2411:JSTOR
2379:[
2107:S2CID
1482:other
1105:Du Mu
987:Games
843:deity
761:. In
660:Shīmī
528:Macau
343:Hakka
3060:Cake
3031:Food
2370:劉昫.
2357:2023
2344:ISBN
2324:2023
2311:ISBN
2306:茶道全書
2291:2019
2239:2023
2213:2014
2185:2014
2159:2014
2137:2014
2099:ISSN
2064:2014
2042:2009
2016:2014
1994:2022
1964:2023
1939:2023
1897:2014
1871:2014
1819:ISBN
1779:link
1759:ISBN
1711:2014
1685:2014
1649:2022
1628:2024
1600:2023
1545:The
1515:and
1464:and
961:and
859:and
724:BC,
718:soup
610:and
585:and
486:The
153:Date
122:Type
114:and
2374:舊唐書
2091:doi
1549:in
1539:in
1449:by
925:In
777:An
639:or
621:In
614:or
490:or
464:BUC
426:POJ
399:IPA
305:IPA
244:清明节
228:清明節
199:732
192:732
95:掃墓節
82:清明節
69:清明节
3450::
2407:18
2405:,
2282:.
2264:.
2229:.
2201:.
2105:.
2097:.
2087:70
2085:.
2081:.
1980:.
1955:.
1927:.
1833:^
1787:^
1775:}}
1771:{{
1719:^
1619:.
1608:^
1590:.
1572:.
1250::
1243:翠翹
1000:.
978:.
922:.
805:,
666:.
618:.
554:,
550:,
546:,
542:,
538:,
534:,
530:,
526:,
502:,
322:Wu
110:,
2889:e
2882:t
2875:v
2773:e
2766:t
2759:v
2597:e
2590:t
2583:v
2463:e
2456:t
2449:v
2387:.
2359:.
2326:.
2293:.
2241:.
2215:.
2187:.
2161:.
2139:.
2113:.
2093::
2066:.
2044:.
2018:.
1996:.
1966:.
1941:.
1913:.
1899:.
1873:.
1827:.
1781:)
1767:.
1713:.
1687:.
1651:.
1630:.
1602:.
1035:茶
1032:前
1029:明
201:)
98:)
92:(
85:)
79:(
72:)
66:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.