1131:
325:
345:
29:
549:
525:
When the hip adductors are tight or hypertonic, their antagonist (gluteus medius) may experience reciprocal inhibition. The gluteus medius will become weak and inhibited. This in turn may cause hypertonicity of ipsilateral quadratus lumborum. Chronic hypertonicity of quadratus lumborum tends to cause
521:
Hip abduction is performed primarily by the hip abductors (gluteus medius and minimus). When the gluteus medius/minimus are weak or inhibited, the tensor fasciae latae or quadratus lumborum will compensate by becoming the prime mover. The most impaired movement pattern of hip abduction is when the
308:
The number of attachments to the vertebræ, and the extent of its attachment to the last rib, may vary. Also, occasionally, a second portion of this muscle is found in front of the preceding. It arises from the upper borders of the transverse processes of the lower three or four
522:
quadratus lumborum initiates the movement, which results in hip hiking during swing phase of gait. Hip hiking places excessive side-bending compressive stresses on the lumbar segments. Thus, a tight quadratus lumborum may be another hidden cause of low back pain (Janda 1987).
476:
are weak or inhibited (as they often are in the case of habitual seated computer use and/or the use of a lower back support in a chair). Given their comparable mechanical disadvantage, constant contraction while seated can overuse the quadratus lumborum, resulting in
538:
Current studies show that application of heat or ice, massage, and estim will not leave long-term benefits. Careful assessment of muscular imbalances and movement impairments by a therapist is recommended in order to address the underlying issues mentioned.
1151:
324:
534:
While stretching and strengthening the quadratus lumborum are indicated for unilateral lower back pain, heat or ice applications as well as massage should be considered as part of any comprehensive rehabilitation regimen.
591:
McGill SM, Santaguida L, Stevens J: Measurement of the trunk musculature from T5 to L5 using MRI scans of 15 young males corrected for muscle fibre orientation, Clin
Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 8:171-178, 1993.
501:, which is invariably accompanied by rounded shoulders, both of which place greater stress on the quadratus lumborum by shifting body weight forward, forcing the erector spinae, quadratus lumborum,
464:
The quadratus lumborum is a common source of unilateral or bilateral lower back pain, including localized pain and tenderness over the wing of the ilium. Because quadratus lumborum connects the
472:
and is therefore capable of extending the lower back when contracting bilaterally, the two quadratus lumborum muscles pick up the slack, as it were, when the lower fibers of the
344:
231:. It is the deepest abdominal muscle, and commonly referred to as a back muscle. Each muscle of the pair is an irregular quadrilateral in shape, hence the name.
195:
509:
to work harder in both seated and standing positions to maintain an erect torso and neck. The experience of "productive pain" or pleasure by a patient upon
441:
Vertical stabilization of pelvis, lumbar spine, and lumbosacral junction. Prevents collapse of the vertebral column in the frontal plane (i.e. scoliosis)
481:. A constantly contracted quadratus lumborum, like any other muscle, will experience decreased blood flow, and, in time, adhesions in the muscle and
656:
856:
171:
416:
Extension of lumbar vertebral column, with bilateral contraction (based on line of force passing ~3.5 cm posterior L3 rotation axis)
456:
The quadratus lumborum muscles can be the source of back pain when overused, or in association with scoliosis or weak gluteal muscles.
62:
330:
Cross-section of the posterior abdominal wall, showing on the right the relationship of the quadratus lumborum muscle to the
246:
plus the lower posterior border of the twelfth rib. Contraction of one of the pair of muscles causes lateral flexion of the
57:
44:
1055:
649:
1097:
1082:
861:
628:
86:
754:
705:
1065:
642:
1156:
737:
190:
710:
384:
558:
1121:
419:
Fixes the 12th rib during forced expiration. The quadratus lumborum assists the diaphragm in inhalation
202:
127:
851:
631:
at the
University of Michigan Health System - "Posterior Abdominal Wall, Dissection, Anterior View"
141:
727:
1092:
808:
744:
178:
166:
634:
1048:
1019:
1087:
1002:
997:
815:
298:
239:
8:
1043:
1007:
779:
286:
1130:
33:
The left quadratus lumborum, one of the posterior abdominal muscles, is depicted in red.
959:
931:
926:
883:
873:
846:
732:
430:
411:
372:
265:
from constant contraction due to prolonged sitting, such as at a computer or in a car.
310:
1104:
1070:
868:
836:
820:
803:
563:
1152:
Knowledge articles incorporating text from the 20th edition of Gray's
Anatomy (1918)
293:
for about 5 centimetres (2.0 in). It inserts from the lower border of the last
1060:
1014:
878:
796:
791:
784:
774:
749:
506:
469:
302:
247:
137:
99:
70:
715:
526:
low back pain due to its ability to create compressive stress on lumbar segment.
380:
360:
270:
82:
1135:
936:
841:
681:
478:
473:
262:
228:
1145:
1035:
722:
554:
335:
183:
107:
1077:
977:
954:
486:
423:
376:
297:
for about half its length and by four small tendons from the apices of the
235:
103:
992:
427:
408:
368:
331:
290:
282:
50:
208:
921:
510:
502:
28:
582:
Core Topics in Pain, p. 131, Anita
Holdcraft and Sian Jaggar, 2005.
498:
266:
243:
66:
273:
can also contribute to the likelihood of quadratus lumborum pain.
669:
133:
350:
Posterior view showing on the left the relationship of the left
673:
665:
664:
482:
465:
364:
351:
234:
The quadratus lumborum muscles originate from the wings of the
77:
375:; between the fascia and the muscle are the twelfth thoracic,
513:
of the quadratus lumborum is indicative of such a condition.
154:
93:
261:
A disorder of the quadratus lumborum muscles is pain due to
383:
nerves. The quadratus lumborum muscle is a continuation of
313:, and is inserted into the lower margin of the last rib.
294:
516:
497:
This chain of events can be and often is accelerated by
1119:
395:
Anterior branches of the ventral rami of T12 to L4.
254:of the pelvis, or both. Contraction of both causes
403:The quadratus lumborum can perform four actions:
1143:
650:
613:Assessment and Treatment of Muscle Imbalances
492:
444:Reserve mover actions: anterior pelvic tilt.
281:The quadratus lumborum muscle originates by
578:
576:
367:, the psoas major muscle, (if present) the
359:Anterior to the quadratus lumborum are the
227:, is a paired muscle of the left and right
657:
643:
407:Lateral flexion of vertebral column, with
27:
573:
451:
485:may develop, the end point of which is
354:to the left quadratus lumborum muscle.
1144:
553:This article incorporates text in the
447:Contralateral lateral pelvic rotation.
638:
517:Association with weak gluteal muscles
606:
594:
13:
862:Crura of superficial inguinal ring
87:lumbar branch of iliolumbar artery
14:
1168:
622:
1129:
601:Clinical Orthopaedic Examination
547:
343:
323:
316:
603:, Ronald McRae, 2004 (5th ed.).
390:
585:
238:; their insertions are on the
1:
542:
529:
459:
398:
289:and the internal lip of the
276:
132:Alone (unilateral), lateral
7:
561:of the 20th edition of
385:transverse abdominal muscle
160:musculus quadratus lumborum
10:
1173:
755:Abdominal internal oblique
706:Abdominal external oblique
615:, p. 100, Phil Page, 2010.
203:Anatomical terms of muscle
1028:
985:
976:
947:
909:
902:
852:Superficial inguinal ring
829:
770:
763:
698:
689:
680:
493:Association with kyphosis
242:of the upper four lumbar
221:quadratus lumborum muscle
201:
189:
177:
165:
153:
148:
126:
102:and first through fourth
92:
76:
56:
43:
38:
26:
22:Quadratus lumborum muscle
21:
629:Atlas image: abdo_wall70
229:posterior abdominal wall
223:, informally called the
140:; Together (bilateral),
16:Muscle in the lower back
1093:Puboprostatic ligament
809:Interfoveolar ligament
745:Tendinous intersection
437:Additional functions:
1049:Rectoprostatic fascia
505:, and especially the
452:Clinical significance
258:of the lumbar spine.
1157:Muscles of the torso
1088:Pubovesical ligament
711:Transverse abdominal
299:transverse processes
240:transverse processes
144:of thoracic rib cage
49:Posterior border of
1044:Rectovaginal fascia
780:Panniculus adiposus
287:iliolumbar ligament
960:Iliopectineal arch
917:Quadratus lumborum
884:Reflected ligament
874:Pectineal ligament
857:Intercrural fibers
847:Deep inguinal ring
301:of the upper four
1117:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1105:Anococcygeal body
1071:Piriformis fascia
972:
971:
968:
967:
898:
897:
894:
893:
869:Inguinal ligament
837:Inguinal triangle
821:Linea semilunaris
804:Transverse fascia
668:and ligaments of
217:
216:
212:
1164:
1134:
1133:
1125:
1061:Obturator fascia
983:
982:
907:
906:
879:Lacunar ligament
797:Fascia of Scarpa
792:Membranous layer
785:Fascia of Camper
775:Abdominal fascia
768:
767:
728:Rectus abdominis
696:
695:
687:
686:
659:
652:
645:
636:
635:
616:
610:
604:
598:
592:
589:
583:
580:
551:
550:
507:levator scapulae
371:muscle, and the
347:
327:
303:lumbar vertebrae
285:fibers into the
209:edit on Wikidata
206:
138:vertebral column
100:twelfth thoracic
31:
19:
18:
1172:
1171:
1167:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1162:
1161:
1142:
1141:
1140:
1128:
1120:
1118:
1109:
1098:Inferior fascia
1083:Superior fascia
1024:
964:
943:
890:
825:
759:
716:Conjoint tendon
691:
676:
663:
625:
620:
619:
611:
607:
599:
595:
590:
586:
581:
574:
548:
545:
532:
519:
495:
462:
454:
401:
393:
381:iliohypogastric
355:
348:
339:
328:
319:
311:lumbar vertebræ
279:
271:gluteal muscles
213:
121:
117:
113:
83:Lumbar arteries
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1170:
1160:
1159:
1154:
1139:
1138:
1115:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1108:
1107:
1102:
1101:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1075:
1074:
1073:
1068:
1066:Tendinous arch
1063:
1053:
1052:
1051:
1046:
1038:
1032:
1030:
1026:
1025:
1023:
1022:
1020:Rectococcygeus
1017:
1012:
1011:
1010:
1005:
1000:
989:
987:
980:
974:
973:
970:
969:
966:
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962:
957:
951:
949:
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939:
934:
929:
919:
913:
911:
904:
900:
899:
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895:
892:
891:
889:
888:
887:
886:
881:
876:
866:
865:
864:
859:
854:
849:
842:Inguinal canal
839:
833:
831:
827:
826:
824:
823:
818:
813:
812:
811:
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800:
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708:
702:
700:
693:
684:
682:Abdominal wall
678:
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662:
661:
654:
647:
639:
633:
632:
624:
623:External links
621:
618:
617:
605:
593:
584:
571:
570:
564:Gray's Anatomy
544:
541:
531:
528:
518:
515:
494:
491:
479:muscle fatigue
474:erector spinae
461:
458:
453:
450:
449:
448:
445:
442:
435:
434:
433:("hip hiking")
420:
417:
414:
400:
397:
392:
389:
357:
356:
349:
342:
340:
329:
322:
318:
315:
278:
275:
263:muscle fatigue
215:
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54:
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41:
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36:
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32:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1137:
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1123:
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1103:
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1080:
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1059:
1058:
1057:
1054:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1036:Pelvic fascia
1034:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1003:Pubococcygeus
1001:
999:
998:Iliococcygeus
996:
995:
994:
991:
990:
988:
984:
981:
979:
975:
961:
958:
956:
953:
952:
950:
946:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
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923:
920:
918:
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914:
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908:
905:
901:
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882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
871:
870:
867:
863:
860:
858:
855:
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850:
848:
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844:
843:
840:
838:
835:
834:
832:
828:
822:
819:
817:
814:
810:
807:
806:
805:
802:
798:
795:
794:
793:
790:
786:
783:
781:
778:
777:
776:
773:
772:
769:
766:
762:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
725:
724:
723:Rectus sheath
721:
717:
714:
713:
712:
709:
707:
704:
703:
701:
697:
694:
688:
685:
683:
679:
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655:
653:
648:
646:
641:
640:
637:
630:
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614:
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602:
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588:
579:
577:
572:
569:
568:
565:
562:
560:
556:
555:public domain
540:
536:
527:
523:
514:
512:
508:
504:
500:
490:
488:
484:
480:
475:
471:
467:
457:
446:
443:
440:
439:
438:
432:
429:
425:
422:Elevates the
421:
418:
415:
413:
410:
406:
405:
404:
396:
388:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
353:
346:
341:
337:
336:sacrospinalis
333:
326:
321:
320:
317:Relationships
314:
312:
306:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
274:
272:
268:
264:
259:
257:
253:
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245:
241:
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232:
230:
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222:
210:
204:
200:
197:
194:
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168:
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161:
158:
156:
152:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
129:
125:
109:
108:lumbar nerves
105:
101:
97:
95:
91:
88:
84:
81:
79:
75:
72:
68:
64:
61:
59:
55:
52:
48:
46:
42:
37:
30:
25:
20:
1008:Puborectalis
955:Iliac fascia
916:
738:Arcuate line
612:
608:
600:
596:
587:
566:
552:
546:
537:
533:
524:
520:
496:
487:muscle spasm
463:
455:
436:
424:Ilium (bone)
402:
394:
391:Nerve supply
377:ilioinguinal
358:
307:
280:
260:
255:
251:
248:lumbar spine
233:
224:
220:
218:
172:A04.5.01.027
159:
104:ventral rami
993:Levator ani
932:Psoas minor
927:Psoas major
733:Pyramidalis
431:contraction
428:ipsilateral
412:contraction
409:ipsilateral
369:psoas minor
332:psoas major
291:iliac crest
283:aponeurotic
149:Identifiers
51:iliac crest
1146:Categories
816:Linea alba
543:References
142:depression
65:border of
1040:Visceral
1015:Coccygeus
922:Iliopsoas
903:Posterior
750:Cremaster
690:Anterior/
530:Treatment
511:palpation
503:multifidi
460:Mechanism
399:Functions
373:diaphragm
338:muscles.
277:Structure
269:and weak
256:extension
252:elevation
244:vertebrae
58:Insertion
1056:Parietal
830:Inguinal
559:page 420
499:kyphosis
267:Kyphosis
67:12th rib
63:Inferior
1136:Anatomy
937:Iliacus
692:lateral
670:abdomen
666:Muscles
468:to the
426:, with
134:flexion
128:Actions
39:Details
1122:Portal
1029:Fascia
986:Muscle
978:Pelvis
948:Fascia
910:Muscle
764:Fascia
699:Muscle
674:pelvis
567:(1918)
483:fascia
466:pelvis
379:, and
365:kidney
363:, the
352:kidney
78:Artery
45:Origin
1078:Floor
557:from
470:spine
361:colon
236:ilium
207:[
196:15569
155:Latin
94:Nerve
71:L1-L4
672:and
334:and
219:The
184:2382
167:TA98
98:The
69:and
305:.
295:rib
191:FMA
179:TA2
136:of
114:, L
106:of
1148::
575:^
489:.
387:.
250:,
225:QL
118:-L
112:12
110:(T
85:,
1124::
658:e
651:t
644:v
211:]
122:)
120:4
116:1
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