4905:
4840:
4772:
846:
107:
4646:
4304:
31:
660:
120:
754:, Secretary Stoddert was able to focus resources on eliminating the few vessels that evaded the blockade and reached the Caribbean. The U.S. also needed convoy protection, and while there was no formal agreement with the British, considerable co-operation took place at a local level. The two navies shared a signal system, and allowed their merchantmen to join each other's convoys, most of which were provided by the British, who had four to five times more escorts available.
573:
7026:
4870:
4815:
836:...they entered a European theater where the war had been underway since 1793...British ships chased and fought the same French cruisers and privateers. Both navies escorted each other's merchantmen. American warships operated from British bases. And most importantly, British policies and shifts in deployment had dramatic effects on American operations.
1069:, signed on 30 September, ended the Quasi-War. It affirmed the rights of Americans as neutrals upon the sea and abrogated the 1778 French alliance, but failed to provide compensation for the alleged $ 20 million in American economic losses. While the agreement ensured the U.S. remained neutral during the
1061:
It has been suggested that since the war was primarily driven by domestic political considerations, neither side was able to identify what a successful resolution entailed. This was enhanced by the tendency of individual commanders to pursue their own objectives, and on the
American side, focusing on
552:
rendered existing agreements void. They further argued
American military obligations under the Treaty of Alliance applied only to a "defensive conflict" and thus did not apply, since France had declared war on Britain and the Dutch Republic. To ensure the U.S. did not become involved, Congress passed
831:
The first significant study of the war was written by U.S. naval historian
Gardner W. Allen in 1909, and focused exclusively on ship-to-ship actions. This is how the conflict is generally remembered in the U.S., but historian Michael Palmer argues American naval operations cannot be assessed in
765:, they made opportunistic attacks on passing ships, before escaping back into port. To counter those tactics, the U.S. used similarly-sized vessels from the Revenue Cutter Service, as well as commissioning their own privateers. The first American ship to see action was the
638:
against French warships in
American waters, but wanted to ensure conflict did not escalate beyond these limits. As a result, it was called a "limited" or "Quasi-War", and led to political debate over whether it was constitutional. A series of rulings by the
606:
and a few neglected coastal forts. This allowed French privateers to roam virtually unchecked; from
October 1796 to June 1797, they captured 316 ships, 6% of the entire American merchant fleet, causing losses of $ 12 to $ 15 million. On 2 March 1797, the
595:. By resolving outstanding issues from the American Revolution, it led to a rapid expansion of trade between the two countries. Between 1794 and 1801, American exports to Britain nearly tripled in value, from US$ 33 million to $ 94 million.
2268:
6460:
5992:
591:, but not vice versa. However, the U.S. viewed it as the right to provide the same privileges to both. These differences were further exacerbated in November 1794 when the U.S. and Britain signed the
3306:
1065:
In any event, by late 1800 U.S. and
British naval operations, combined with a more conciliatory diplomatic stance by the new French government, had significantly reduced privateer activity. The
2261:
4969:
931:
had been refitted and repaired and embarked on her mission to patrol the South
Atlantic coast and West Indies in search of French ships which were preying on American merchant vessels.
7116:
4668:
2254:
6072:
1053:
and liberated numerous
American merchant ships. Although U.S. military losses were light, the French had seized over 2,000 American merchant ships by the time the war ended.
6663:
6592:
6306:
6080:
598:
As a result, in late 1796, French privateers began seizing
American ships trading with the British. An effective response was hampered by the almost complete lack of a
2710:
857:
From the perspective of the U.S. Navy, the Quasi-War consisted of a series of ship-to-ship actions in U.S. coastal waters and the
Caribbean; one of the first was the
5654:
719:
These vessels were enhanced by so-called "subscription ships", privately funded vessels provided by individual cities. They included five frigates, among them the
635:
6186:
4535:
2877:
1908:
Young, Christopher J (2011). "Connecting the President and the People: Washington's Neutrality, Genet's Challenge, and Hamilton's Fight for Public Support".
4909:
442:
left the U.S. unable to mount an effective response, and within a year over 316 American ships had been captured. In March 1798, Congress reconstituted the
5699:
5931:
3021:
2416:
5321:
4222:
4177:
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4031:
3962:
3832:
3806:
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534:
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2657:
1000:
bombarded French positions on the island and landed marines to support the local Dutch troops before the French withdrew. On 12 October, the frigate
5629:
4857:
6253:
6203:
4917:
678:
267:
2211:"U.S. treaties and federal legal documents re 'Quasi-War with France 1791–1800'", compiled by the Lillian Goldman Law Library of Yale Law School
615:
listing the nationalities of each crewmen. Since American ships rarely carried such documents, France had effectively initiated a commerce war.
6431:
4710:
2672:
446:, and in July authorized the use of force against France. By 1799, losses had been significantly reduced through informal cooperation with the
716:. The provision of naval stores and equipment by the British allowed these to be built relatively quickly, and all saw action during the war.
6467:
6100:
6088:
2705:
2199:
5056:
431:, France retaliated by seizing U.S. ships trading with Great Britain. When diplomacy failed to resolve these issues, in October 1796 French
6061:
4852:
2562:
5248:
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4979:
3065:
6421:
2793:
1642:
Informal Alliance: Royal Navy And U.S. Navy Co-Operation Against Republican France During The Quasi-War And Wars of the French Revolution
7091:
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4375:
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2715:
1377:
7126:
6987:
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2462:
2436:
2191:
5634:
5086:
4989:
1574:
Coleman, Aaron (2008). ""A Second Bounaparty?" A Reexamination of Alexander Hamilton during the Franco-American Crisis, 1796-1801".
6367:
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3256:
2730:
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466:
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2989:
2695:
2441:
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6913:
6851:
6540:
6523:
6116:
4792:
4731:
4689:
4520:
2973:
2740:
2720:
2336:
2151:
2129:
2099:
2080:
1996:
1801:
5694:
5238:
4746:
3298:
6301:
6029:
5155:
4572:
4465:
3389:
917:
603:
305:
4445:
677:
were expensive to build and required highly specialised construction facilities, in 1794 Congress compromised by ordering
6535:
6064:
5669:
5624:
4797:
3949:
3710:
2965:
2679:
2647:
1687:
Hyneman, Charles (1930). "Neutrality during the European Wars of 1792–1815: America's Understanding Of Her Obligations".
667:
631:
260:
5170:
5124:
1865:
7081:
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6815:
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2632:
2552:
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470:
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186:
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5361:
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4663:
4209:
3840:
2870:
2821:
2592:
2527:
2172:
1898:
957:
761:
and were armed with a maximum of twenty guns. Operating from French and Spanish bases in the Caribbean, particularly
322:
4410:
5356:
5263:
4597:
3073:
3013:
2642:
2602:
1086:
975:
888:
5791:
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6900:
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6566:
6416:
6411:
6406:
6401:
5732:
5441:
4380:
2842:
2814:
2786:
2311:
401:
68:
5574:
5471:
5061:
4055:
1891:
The French Assault on American Shipping, 1793–1813: A History and Comprehensive Record of Merchant Marine Losses
7121:
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6822:
6503:
6452:
6215:
6053:
5967:
5569:
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4039:
3177:
3029:
2597:
2021:
1965:
1820:
1008:
742:
538:
253:
4974:
875:
6907:
6846:
6650:
6227:
5972:
4495:
3970:
3814:
3793:
3731:
3651:
3514:
3249:
3169:
3134:
2745:
2652:
979:
681:. By 1798, the first three were nearly complete and on 16 July 1798, additional funding was approved for the
622:. However, the hostilities created support for establishing a limited naval force, and on 18 June, President
583:
France accepted these acts on the basis of "benevolent neutrality". They interpreted this as allowing French
339:
4405:
4395:
3082:
983:
344:
6828:
6753:
6632:
6513:
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5371:
5268:
4759:
4736:
4681:
4567:
4510:
3397:
3329:
2421:
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3479:
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6092:
5786:
5411:
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5185:
5165:
5076:
5005:
4827:
4325:
4092:
3785:
3638:
3126:
2537:
1780:
544:
In 1793, Congress suspended repayment of French loans incurred during the Revolutionary War, arguing the
5609:
5461:
4475:
4370:
3608:
1668:
505:. As the treaty had no termination date, France claimed this obligation included defending them against
7106:
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6333:
6311:
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6104:
5921:
5476:
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3460:
3244:
3153:
2940:
2779:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2492:
2457:
2110:
The Forgotten Wars: The Role of the US Navy in the Quasi War with France and the Barbary Wars 1798–1805
1023:
850:
514:
502:
439:
428:
416:
361:
297:
214:
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4951:
4754:
4317:
4193:
4116:
3994:
3978:
2487:
2064:
Eagle and Sword: The Federalists and the Creation of the Military Establishment in America, 1783–1802
703:
490:
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6022:
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4515:
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4335:
4148:
4132:
4010:
3925:
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3659:
3433:
2997:
2760:
2532:
2502:
2401:
1138:
1134:
935:
925:
912:
506:
424:
317:
6426:
5071:
1851:
Sechrest, Larry (2007). "Privately Funded and Built U.S. Warships in the Quasi-War of 1797–1801".
845:
473:. This ruling formed the basis of many similar actions since, including U.S. participation in the
7076:
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7056:
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6740:
6372:
6362:
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6328:
6237:
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5041:
4718:
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4164:
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3555:
3498:
3413:
3118:
2957:
2238:
2222:
720:
6587:
6498:
5501:
5396:
4450:
734:. Primarily intended to attack foreign shipping, they earned huge profits for their owners; the
6863:
6790:
6745:
6352:
6232:
6151:
6126:
5286:
5119:
4723:
4415:
4400:
4273:
4140:
4018:
3764:
3684:
3353:
3228:
3220:
3110:
2517:
2497:
2431:
2391:
2144:
The French War Against America: How a Trusted Ally Betrayed Washington and the Founding Fathers
894:
858:
554:
545:
526:
522:
462:
289:
4230:
801:
over to Benjamin Hillar, who captured the much larger and more heavily armed French privateer
6761:
6614:
6508:
6323:
5826:
5140:
5091:
5026:
4557:
4440:
4430:
4308:
4303:
4201:
4156:
3909:
3856:
3674:
3664:
3603:
3593:
3588:
3345:
3201:
2849:
2735:
2507:
2351:
1073:
it failed to resolve the underlying tensions with warring European nations, which led to the
1017:
1004:
939:
757:
This freed the U.S. Navy to concentrate on French privateers, most of which had very shallow
689:
549:
393:
349:
125:
3885:
2013:
1831:
1557:
Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Reference to Casualty and Other Figures 1500–1999
1381:
176:
6937:
6708:
6141:
5765:
5639:
5401:
5223:
5145:
4994:
4602:
4592:
4385:
4100:
3917:
3864:
3669:
3452:
2577:
2426:
2346:
2306:
994:
961:
882:
871:
696:
602:, whose last warship had been sold in 1785, leaving only a small flotilla belonging to the
5081:
4562:
4480:
3633:
3578:
2188:
1651:
1041:
also captured eight privateers and freed eleven U.S. merchant ships from captivity, while
8:
7029:
6886:
6841:
6577:
6387:
6015:
5841:
5771:
5619:
5549:
5406:
5386:
5351:
5326:
5258:
4959:
4485:
3869:
3748:
3506:
3418:
3193:
3185:
3161:
2920:
2587:
2406:
2296:
987:
865:
682:
6131:
5526:
5481:
2047:
Tattered Ensign The Story of America's Most Famous Fighting Frigate, U.S.S. Constitution
1537:
7051:
6810:
6687:
6393:
6316:
5301:
5066:
5031:
4882:
4844:
4839:
4587:
4505:
4500:
4246:
4238:
3933:
3893:
3705:
3598:
3362:
3337:
3281:
3264:
3102:
2522:
2482:
2371:
2366:
2341:
1985:
1933:
1925:
1768:
1760:
1712:
1704:
1599:
1591:
1066:
901:
599:
498:
458:
450:, whereby merchant ships from both nations were allowed to join each other's convoys.
443:
160:
88:
5649:
5466:
5228:
5101:
4658:
4612:
2949:
1632:
The Quasi-War: The Politics and Diplomacy of the Undeclared War with France, 1797–1801
7003:
6892:
6780:
6732:
6724:
6382:
6377:
6357:
6174:
5878:
5811:
5801:
5781:
4887:
4185:
4124:
4108:
3901:
2981:
2835:
2802:
2472:
2301:
2210:
2168:
2147:
2125:
2118:
2095:
2076:
2050:
2017:
1992:
1971:
1961:
1954:
1937:
1894:
1816:
1797:
1772:
1716:
1616:
1603:
1560:
1543:
1403:
735:
663:
627:
558:
518:
409:
145:
76:
6164:
5436:
5135:
3425:
3325:
3272:
1987:
If By Sea: The Forging of the American Navy – from the Revolution to the War of 1812
7010:
6961:
6800:
6623:
6605:
6220:
6208:
5946:
5806:
5599:
5594:
5584:
5316:
5243:
5180:
5150:
4922:
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4787:
4490:
4340:
4265:
4002:
3986:
3941:
3877:
3848:
3643:
3522:
3405:
3370:
2912:
2863:
2856:
2612:
2512:
2381:
2361:
2276:
1917:
1752:
1727:
Naval Documents related to the United States Wars with the Barbary Powers, Volume I
1696:
1583:
814:
813:
and her entire crew were lost at sea in a storm. Preble next commanded the frigate
710:
674:
608:
454:
5725:
2828:
2007:
1725:
618:
Diplomatic efforts to resolve the conflict ended in the 1797 dispute known as the
6473:
6146:
5871:
5659:
5336:
5331:
5296:
5046:
4650:
4645:
4547:
4470:
4360:
4330:
3689:
3565:
3290:
3236:
3037:
2542:
2326:
2316:
2195:
2162:
1126:
1110:
1070:
727:
644:
562:
165:
5516:
1956:
The Struggle for Neutrality: Franco-American Diplomacy During the Federalist Era
196:
6955:
6805:
6695:
6571:
6159:
5941:
5883:
5689:
5511:
5291:
5011:
4874:
4869:
4819:
4814:
4634:
3822:
3056:
2386:
2376:
2321:
780:
510:
435:
began attacking all merchant ships in U.S. waters, regardless of nationality.
385:
150:
30:
828:. He recaptured several U.S. ships that had been seized by French privateers.
7045:
6931:
6871:
6795:
6479:
5955:
5926:
5796:
5614:
5391:
5233:
5129:
5021:
4582:
4525:
2755:
790:
783:
773:
648:
566:
494:
389:
334:
191:
112:
6461:
A Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America
5421:
1813:
Stoddert's War: Naval Operations During the Quasi War with France, 1798-1801
659:
415:
In 1793, Congress unilaterally suspended repayment of French loans from the
6979:
6973:
6949:
6198:
6181:
5962:
5907:
5821:
5776:
5604:
5486:
5278:
4435:
4420:
4390:
2567:
2139:
2054:
1547:
1146:
971:
758:
731:
405:
155:
72:
1975:
1921:
6967:
6943:
6703:
5816:
5674:
5564:
5341:
5311:
4460:
3780:
3573:
2582:
2557:
2547:
2477:
2009:
The life and services of Commodore William Bainbridge, United States navy
1142:
1130:
1074:
967:
825:
794:
611:
issued a decree permitting the seizure of any neutral shipping without a
588:
530:
474:
181:
5914:
1929:
1595:
572:
6518:
6296:
6038:
5720:
5559:
5175:
4530:
3005:
2572:
2411:
2396:
1764:
1708:
1587:
950:
766:
762:
751:
623:
619:
592:
584:
447:
420:
140:
6541:
Co-founder and second president, American Academy of Arts and Sciences
5427:
1640:
5554:
5200:
5111:
4694:
2356:
2041:
A history of the use of the term "Quasi-War" in the years after 1800.
1785:
Life of Stephen Decatur: A Commodore in the Navy of the United States
821:
576:
432:
397:
64:
2771:
1700:
587:
to enter U.S. ports, and to sell captured British ships in American
533:
shipowners to earn huge profits evading the British blockade, while
6716:
5902:
5897:
5836:
5715:
5589:
4355:
2750:
2637:
2607:
2331:
1756:
1034:
946:
478:
2899:
240:
1 frigate, 2 corvettes, 1 brig and 118 privateers sunk or captured
1743:
Lyon, E Wilson (1940). "The Franco-American Convention of 1800".
878:
2277:
Armed conflicts involving the Armed Forces of the United States
2120:
Six Frigates: The Epic History of the Founding of The U.S. Navy
4970:
François Alexandre Frédéric, duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt
1613:
The Jay Treaty: Political Battleground of the Founding Fathers
741:
captured over 80 enemy vessels, including the French corvette
6664:
Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence
6007:
4904:
1796:. Vol. 6. Defense Dept., Navy, Naval History Division.
1163:
1125:
Between 1776 to 2000, the United States engaged in over 115
245:
1310:
1027:
982:
the coastal fort and a French corvette. When French troops
4944:
1202:
7117:
United States Marine Corps in the 18th and 19th centuries
4784:
2206:"The XYZ Affair and the Quasi-War with France, 1798–1800"
1214:
396:. It was fought almost entirely at sea, primarily in the
16:
Undeclared naval war between France and the US, 1798–1800
1180:
1178:
750:
With most of the French fleet confined to Europe by the
2073:
Millions for Defense: The Subscription Warships of 1798
1669:"The Quasi-War: America's First Limited War, 1798–1801"
1513:
1489:
1465:
1334:
1190:
1730:. Washington: United States Government Printing Office
1358:
1286:
1274:
1238:
1501:
1346:
1250:
1226:
1175:
1062:ship to ship actions rather than overall strategy.
5700:
List of people associated with the French Revolution
2189:"Selected Bibliography of The Quasi-War with France"
1441:
824:
into the Pacific to protect U.S. merchantmen in the
453:
The replacement of the French First Republic by the
5932:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
3022:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
1960:. Knoxville, Tenn.: University of Tennessee Press.
1429:
1322:
1298:
1262:
211:Maximum 9 frigates, 4 sloops, 2 brigs, 3 schooners
2117:
1984:
1953:
1832:"Quasi War — the Undeclared Naval War with France"
938:, a convoy of American merchant ships escorted by
797:and captured ten prizes. Preble turned command of
235:22 privateers, up to 2,000 merchant ships captured
1417:
809:after a nine-hour battle. In September 1800, the
7043:
4858:Frederick Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen
1453:
579:, main focus of operations during the Quasi-War
2900:Significant civil and political events by year
465:to authorize military action without a formal
6468:Letters of Mrs. Adams, the Wife of John Adams
6254:United States presidential election 1788–1789
6023:
2787:
2262:
2200:United States Army Center of Military History
2092:History of the U.S. Navy Volume One 1775–1941
643:confirmed the ability of the U.S. to conduct
261:
6514:Family home and John Quincy Adams birthplace
5953:
5912:
5888:
5869:
4853:Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick
1477:
1056:
840:
6422:Presidential transition of Thomas Jefferson
6204:Chairman of the Marine Committee, 1775-1779
3540:
2031:Hickey, Donald R. (2021). "The Quasi-War".
1794:Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships
924:. By 1 July, under the command of Decatur,
832:isolation. When operating in the Caribbean
6030:
6016:
5057:Alexandre-Théodore-Victor, comte de Lameth
2794:
2780:
2726:History of the Central Intelligence Agency
2711:Length of U.S. participation in major wars
2269:
2255:
2229:French Revolution: Revolutionary campaigns
2146:. Hoboken NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
1554:
1169:
268:
254:
29:
6448:Massachusetts Historical Society holdings
5322:Louis Michel le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau
4980:Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau
4803:Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany
2164:The Life and Character of Stephen Decatur
1863:
1779:
1689:The American Journal of International Law
1542:. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin.
1507:
1471:
776:with 26 guns, but most were far smaller.
6546:United First Parish Church and gravesite
6368:District of Columbia Organic Act of 1801
5754:
3038:Nationalization of the Church properties
2044:
1888:
1864:Stansbury, David B Lt Commander (1992).
1850:
1649:
1340:
1316:
1292:
1244:
1208:
1184:
844:
658:
571:
5983:Historiography of the French Revolution
5254:Antoine Christophe Merlin de Thionville
4965:Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette
2075:. Annapolis: US Naval Institute Press.
1982:
1686:
1629:
1573:
1280:
1220:
525:, there was little support for this in
438:Spending cuts following the end of the
7044:
6531:Massachusetts Hall, Harvard University
4990:Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord
4945:Other significant figures and factions
2070:
2030:
1951:
1815:. University of South Carolina Press.
1810:
1791:
1666:
1495:
1447:
1435:
1268:
1256:
945:fought off an attack by French-allied
849:A 20th-century illustration depicting
730:, and four merchantmen converted into
654:
6011:
5858:
5753:
5037:François-Marie, marquis de Barthélemy
4943:
4793:James Saumarez, 1st Baron de Saumarez
4732:Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
4690:Friedrich Adolf, Count von Kalckreuth
4293:
3539:
3170:Paris Commune becomes insurrectionary
2898:
2801:
2775:
2250:
2138:
2012:. Carey Lea & Blanchard. p.
1907:
1676:The Northern Mariner/Le Marin du Nord
1638:
1610:
1535:
1423:
1364:
1352:
1328:
1304:
1232:
1196:
517:. Despite popular enthusiasm for the
249:
6302:United States Department of the Navy
6228:Constitution of Massachusetts (1780)
5191:Louis Marie de La Révellière-Lépeaux
4603:Claude Victor-Perrin, Duc de Belluno
4294:
3390:Insurrection of 12 Germinal Year III
2706:Timeline of U.S. military operations
2115:
2089:
2061:
1829:
1742:
1519:
1459:
604:United States Revenue Cutter Service
501:in return for French support in the
461:, which ended the war. The right of
238:368 killed or wounded, 517 captured
6341:Sick and Disabled Seamen Relief Act
6073:U.S. Minister to the United Kingdom
6065:Vice President of the United States
5859:
4798:Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth
2167:. Hartford, Conn.: P. B. Goodsell.
1129:, versus only five declared ie the
668:United States Secretary of the Navy
427:. Then engaged in the 1792 to 1797
13:
5988:Influence of the French Revolution
5978:Symbolism in the French Revolution
4742:Prince Heinrich XV of Reuss-Plauen
4703:Charles Eugene, Prince of Lambesc
2958:Convocation of the Estates General
2094:. Harrisburg PA: Stackpole Books.
1945:
1645:(PhD). University of North Dakota.
1615:. University of California Press.
641:Supreme Court of the United States
14:
7138:
7092:18th century in the United States
6781:"Adams and Liberty" campaign song
6651:Adams House at Harvard University
5630:Guillaume-Chrétien de Malesherbes
5362:Antoine Quentin Fouquier-Tinville
4664:Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen
4446:François Christophe de Kellermann
3685:Battle of Peyrestortes (Pyrenees)
2463:American–Algerian War (1785–1795)
2182:
537:owners feared the example set by
7127:Wars involving the United States
7025:
7024:
6402:State of the Union Address (1797
6081:U.S. Minister to the Netherlands
5357:Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai
5264:Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours
5234:Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot
5125:Jean-Marie Roland de la Platière
4903:
4868:
4838:
4813:
4770:
4644:
4521:Édouard Mortier, Duke of Trévise
4302:
3074:Civil Constitution of the Clergy
1087:List of wars between democracies
911:On 9 February 1799, the frigate
908:was recaptured on 28 June 1799.
521:, especially among anti-British
118:
105:
5695:Jean-Jacques Duval d'Eprémesnil
5442:Jacques-Nicolas Billaud-Varenne
5367:Philippe-François-Joseph Le Bas
4578:Jean-Mathieu-Philibert Sérurier
4573:Barthélemy Louis Joseph Schérer
4553:Catherine-Dominique de Pérignon
4381:Adam Philippe, Comte de Custine
3299:Marie Antoinette is guillotined
2033:The Journal of Military History
1838:. R.Squared Communications, LLC
1408:
1396:
1370:
1045:captured the French privateers
974:led a naval expedition against
402:East Coast of the United States
69:East Coast of the United States
54:7 July 1798 – 30 September 1800
6823:American Philosophical Society
6536:Presidents House, Philadelphia
6504:Adams National Historical Park
6453:Adams Papers Editorial Project
6432:Federal judiciary appointments
6216:Staten Island Peace Conference
6054:President of the United States
6037:
5968:Women in the French Revolution
5570:Louis Antoine, Duke of Enghien
4747:Johann Mészáros von Szoboszló
4411:Pierre Marie Barthélemy Ferino
4040:French invasion of Switzerland
2741:List of anti-war organizations
1811:Palmer, Samuel Putnam (1989).
1792:Mooney, James L., ed. (1983).
1402:The United States Coast Guard
1119:
1104:
388:from 1798 to 1800 between the
1:
6127:Braintree Instructions (1765)
5973:Incroyables and merveilleuses
5792:Pierre Claude François Daunou
5580:Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé
4711:Maximilian Baillet de Latour
4682:Friedrich Freiherr von Hotze
3979:Naval Engagement off Brittany
3732:Battle of Villers-en-Cauchies
3706:Battle of Truillas (Pyrenees)
3515:Constitution of the Year VIII
3250:Committee of General Security
3135:National Legislative Assembly
2990:National Constituent Assembly
2653:War against the Islamic State
2161:Waldo, Samuel Putnam (1821).
2071:Leiner, Frederick C. (1999).
1991:. Philadelphia: Basic Books.
1910:Journal of the Early Republic
1830:Rust, Randal (24 July 2023).
1745:The Journal of Modern History
1724:Knox, Dudley W., ed. (1939).
1652:"America's First Limited War"
1576:Journal of the Early Republic
1156:
539:France's abolition of slavery
484:
275:
230:
6829:Gazette of the United States
6187:Treaty of Amity and Commerce
5891:Liberté, égalité, fraternité
5685:Charles Alexandre de Calonne
5575:Louis Henri, Prince of Condé
5472:Jean Baptiste Noël Bouchotte
5372:Marc-Guillaume Alexis Vadier
5062:Charles Malo François Lameth
4737:Peter Vitus von Quosdanovich
4568:Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr
4511:Bon-Adrien Jeannot de Moncey
3711:Second Battle of Wissembourg
3398:Constitution of the Year III
1952:Bowman, Albert Hall (1974).
1787:. C. C. Little and J. Brown.
1781:Mackenzie, Alexander Slidell
1650:Fehlings, Gregory E (2000).
1555:Clodfelter, Micheal (2002).
1536:Allen, Gardner Weld (1909).
1097:
874:. On 20 November, a pair of
457:in November 1799 led to the
404:, with minor actions in the
7:
6656:Mount Adams (New Hampshire,
6588:Jefferson Memorial pediment
6165:Declaration of Independence
6093:Second Continental Congress
5787:Charles-Augustin de Coulomb
5412:Antoine Christophe Saliceti
5347:Jean-Marie Collot d'Herbois
5307:Louis Antoine de Saint-Just
5186:Jean-Baptiste Robert Lindet
5171:Jérôme Pétion de Villeneuve
5166:Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud
4975:Isaac René Guy le Chapelier
4828:William V, Prince of Orange
3698:First Battle of Wissembourg
3655:(21 Dec 1792 - 25 May 1793)
3371:Closing of the Jacobin Club
3240:(27 Jun 1793 – 27 Jul 1794)
3197:(20 Sep 1792 – 26 Oct 1795)
3057:Abolition of the Parlements
3030:Women's March on Versailles
2005:
1983:Daughan, George C. (2008).
1866:"The Quasi-War with France"
1630:DeConde, Alexander (1966).
1080:
634:. On 7 July 1798, Congress
469:was later confirmed by the
10:
7143:
6334:Naturalization Act of 1798
6312:United States Marine Corps
6105:First Continental Congress
5922:French Republican calendar
5477:Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Gobel
5102:Bertrand Barère de Vieuzac
4456:Pierre Choderlos de Laclos
4406:Charles François Dumouriez
4396:Jacques François Dugommier
4210:League of Armed Neutrality
4043:(28 January – 17 May 1798)
3995:Battle of the Bay of Cádiz
3818:(22 Nov 1794 - 7 Jun 1795)
3797:(22 Nov 1794 - 7 Jun 1795)
3461:Second Congress of Rastatt
3245:Committee of Public Safety
3232:(9 Mar 1793 – 31 May 1795)
2643:War in North-West Pakistan
2493:Second Sumatran expedition
2458:American Revolutionary War
2160:
2124:. New York: W. W. Norton.
1889:Williams, Greg H. (2009).
1667:Hickey, Donald R. (2008).
1634:. Charles Scribner's Sons.
1529:
920:the French Navy's frigate
900:, commanded by Lieutenant
853:escorting French prisoners
793:, made two cruises to the
515:War of the First Coalition
503:American Revolutionary War
497:had agreed to protect the
440:American Revolutionary War
429:War of the First Coalition
417:American Revolutionary War
7082:1800 in the United States
7072:1799 in the United States
7062:1798 in the United States
6998:
6862:
6773:
6720:(1997 documentary series)
6672:
6554:
6489:
6440:
6277:
6246:
6160:Lee Resolution (seconded)
6115:
6045:
5937:Cult of the Supreme Being
5865:
5854:
5760:
5749:
5708:
5542:
5535:
5420:
5277:
5199:
5110:
5097:Pierre Paul Royer-Collard
5003:
4952:Patriotic Society of 1789
4950:
4939:
4901:
4866:
4836:
4811:
4768:
4755:Karl Philipp Sebottendorf
4677:Karl Aloys zu Fürstenberg
4642:
4633:
4611:
4316:
4300:
4289:
4258:
4221:
4194:Convention of Alessandria
4176:
4083:
4030:
3961:
3831:
3805:
3722:
3619:
3546:
3535:
3491:
3480:Law of 22 Floréal Year VI
3472:
3445:
3382:
3318:
3213:
3146:
3095:
3049:
2941:What Is the Third Estate?
2932:
2905:
2894:
2809:
2688:
2488:First Sumatran expedition
2450:
2289:
2282:
2204:U.S. Department of State
2062:Kohn, Richard H. (1975).
1723:
1539:Our Naval War With France
1483:
1092:Franco-American relations
1057:Conclusion of hostilities
841:Significant naval actions
820:, which he sailed around
636:approved the use of force
569:from arming themselves.
548:and establishment of the
491:Treaty of Alliance (1778)
419:, and in 1794 signed the
285:
224:
205:
131:
98:
46:
28:
23:
7112:Presidency of John Adams
6499:Early life and education
5645:Gui-Jean-Baptiste Target
5610:Joséphine de Beauharnais
5492:Stanislas-Marie Maillard
5462:François-Nicolas Vincent
5447:Pierre Gaspard Chaumette
4621:Charles-Alexandre Linois
4516:Jean Victor Marie Moreau
4496:François Séverin Marceau
4476:François Joseph Lefebvre
4371:Jean-Étienne Championnet
4346:Louis-Alexandre Berthier
4341:Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte
4336:Alexandre de Beauharnais
4326:Eustache Charles d'Aoust
4048:French Invasion of Egypt
3926:Second Battle of Bassano
3660:Battle of Kaiserslautern
3434:Conspiracy of the Equals
3127:The Constitution of 1791
2998:Storming of the Bastille
2442:2021 U.S. Capitol attack
2402:Battle of Blair Mountain
1893:. McFarland Publishers.
1836:American History Central
1656:Naval War College Review
1639:Eclov, Jon Paul (2013).
1611:Combs, Jerald A (1992).
893:, captured the schooner
513:during the 1792 to 1797
318:Action of 1 January 1800
6786:Adams' personal library
6749:(2006 documentary film)
6373:Navy Department Library
6363:Slave Trade Act of 1800
6346:Marine Hospital Service
6329:Alien and Sedition Acts
6324:Mississippi Organic Act
6307:Commerce Protection Act
6137:Continental Association
6132:Boston Massacre defense
5625:Jacques-Donatien Le Ray
5497:Charles-Philippe Ronsin
5457:Antoine-François Momoro
5452:Charles-Philippe Ronsin
5269:François de Neufchâteau
5219:Charles-François Lebrun
5161:Jean Baptiste Treilhard
5042:Guillaume-Mathieu Dumas
4918:Luis Firmin de Carvajal
4724:Rudolf Ritter von Otto
4719:Karl Mack von Leiberich
4351:Jean-Baptiste Bessières
4165:Second Battle of Zurich
4056:Irish Rebellion of 1798
3902:First Battle of Bassano
3740:Second Battle of Boulou
3541:Revolutionary campaigns
3499:Coup of 30 Prairial VII
3414:Council of Five Hundred
3202:First republic declared
3138:(1 Oct 1791 – Sep 1792)
3119:Declaration of Pillnitz
2843:Constitutional monarchy
2701:Wars involving the U.S.
2538:Philippine–American War
2422:1960s ghetto rebellions
2223:Irish Rebellion of 1798
2045:Jennings, John (1966).
2006:Harris, Thomas (1837).
7087:18th century in France
6791:American Enlightenment
6747:John and Abigail Adams
6728:(2002 animated series)
6353:Bankruptcy Act of 1800
6153:Thoughts on Government
5954:
5913:
5889:
5870:
5382:Prieur de la Côte-d'Or
5377:Jean-Pierre-André Amar
5287:Maximilien Robespierre
5120:Jacques Pierre Brissot
4985:Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès
4416:Louis-Charles de Flers
4401:Thomas-Alexandre Dumas
4366:Jean François Carteaux
4141:First Battle of Zurich
4104:(20 Mar – 21 May 1799)
4059:(23 May – 23 Sep 1798)
4019:Treaty of Campo Formio
3765:Glorious First of June
3693:(18 Sep – 18 Dec 1793)
3652:Expedition to Sardinia
3330:Desmoulins guillotined
3265:Assassination of Marat
3257:Fall of the Girondists
3229:Revolutionary Tribunal
3221:Execution of Louis XVI
3111:Champ de Mars massacre
3014:Abolition of Feudalism
2746:Conscientious objector
2648:First Libyan Civil War
2518:Second Fiji expedition
2498:Ivory Coast expedition
2432:1992 Los Angeles riots
2392:Colorado Coalfield War
2284:Listed chronologically
2108:Nash, Howard Pervear.
1853:The Independent Review
1559:. McFarland & Co.
1404:The Coast Guard at War
1114:
872:Egg Harbor, New Jersey
854:
838:
670:
580:
555:Neutrality Act of 1794
546:execution of Louis XVI
233:160 killed or wounded
217:, up to 365 privateers
132:Commanders and leaders
39:in combat with French
7122:Wars involving France
6914:Thomas Boylston Adams
6583:John Adams Courthouse
6509:John Adams Birthplace
6292:Quasi War with France
6233:Treaty of Paris, 1783
5827:Jean-Jacques Rousseau
5092:Jean-Charles Pichegru
5072:Jean-François Rewbell
4558:Jean-Charles Pichegru
4441:Jean-Baptiste Jourdan
4431:Jacques Maurice Hatry
4202:Battle of Hohenlinden
4075:(12 Oct – 5 Dec 1798)
3910:Battle of Emmendingen
3857:Battle of Castiglione
3744:(30 Apr – 1 May 1794)
3675:Battle of Hondschoote
3346:Thermidorian Reaction
3310:(throughout the year)
3083:Fête de la Fédération
3009:(20 Jul – 5 Aug 1789)
2993:(9 Jul – 30 Sep 1791)
2977:(17 Jun – 9 Jul 1790)
2716:Territorial evolution
2696:Conflicts in the U.S.
2618:Intervention in Haiti
2508:First Fiji expedition
2116:Toll, Ian W. (2006).
2090:Love, Robert (1992).
2049:. Thomas Y. Crowell.
1922:10.1353/jer.2011.0040
851:United States Marines
848:
834:
662:
632:Secretary of the Navy
575:
550:French First Republic
529:. Neutrality allowed
394:French First Republic
225:Casualties and losses
126:French First Republic
6710:The Adams Chronicles
6142:Petition to the King
5755:Influential thinkers
5502:Jean-François Varlet
5402:Jean-Lambert Tallien
5397:Jean Bon Saint-André
5224:Pierre-Joseph Cambon
5146:Marquis de Condorcet
4995:Nicolas de Condorcet
4760:Dagobert von Wurmser
4593:Louis-Gabriel Suchet
4536:Pierre-Jacques Osten
4451:Jean-Baptiste Kléber
4386:Louis-Nicolas Davout
4376:Chapuis de Tourville
3918:Battle of Schliengen
3865:Battle of Theiningen
3786:Battle of Aldenhoven
3670:Battle of Wattignies
3639:Battle of Neerwinden
3453:Coup of 18 Fructidor
2966:Death of the Dauphin
2578:Bay of Pigs Invasion
2533:Spanish–American War
2503:Mexican–American War
2427:Kent State shootings
2417:Puerto Rican revolts
2347:American Indian Wars
2239:Peasants' War (1798)
1139:Spanish–American War
1135:Mexican–American War
702:, plus the frigates
565:forbidding American
7004:← George Washington
6887:Abigail Adams Smith
6842:American Revolution
6836:The American Museum
6681:Profiles in Courage
6593:U.S. Postage stamps
6578:John Adams Building
6388:Midnight Judges Act
6358:Indiana Organic Act
5842:Mary Wollstonecraft
5620:Jean Sylvain Bailly
5407:Pierre Louis Prieur
5352:Jean-Henri Voulland
5327:Jacques-Louis David
5259:Jean Joseph Mounier
4960:Jean Sylvain Bailly
4598:Belgrand de Vaubois
4486:Jean-Antoine Marbot
4426:Emmanuel de Grouchy
4231:Treaty of Lunéville
3870:Battle of Neresheim
3815:Siege of Luxembourg
3794:Siege of Luxembourg
3749:Battle of Tourcoing
3680:Siege of Bellegarde
3507:Coup of 18 Brumaire
3419:Council of Ancients
3194:National Convention
3186:September Massacres
3162:Brunswick Manifesto
3154:France declares war
2921:Assembly of Vizille
2593:Invasion of Grenada
2588:Dominican Civil War
2194:8 June 2010 at the
1522:, pp. 305–333.
1378:"USRCS Lost at Sea"
1319:, pp. 101–102.
1223:, pp. 279–283.
1211:, pp. 106–107.
1199:, pp. 436–466.
1172:, pp. 136–137.
960:the French frigate
864:on 7 July 1798 by
655:Forces and strategy
535:Southern plantation
340:Puerto Plata Harbor
71:, minor actions in
7018:Thomas Jefferson →
7011:Thomas Jefferson →
6811:First Party System
6689:American Primitive
6394:Marbury v. Madison
6317:Convention of 1800
6192:Treaty of Alliance
5680:Loménie de Brienne
5655:Madame de Lamballe
5590:Napoléon Bonaparte
5387:Prieur de la Marne
5302:Camille Desmoulins
5156:Marie Jean Hérault
5032:Jean-Sifrein Maury
5027:Arnaud de La Porte
4883:Alexander Korsakov
4669:Count of Clerfayt
4588:Jean-de-Dieu Soult
4501:Auguste de Marmont
4356:Napoléon Bonaparte
4247:Algeciras campaign
4239:Treaty of Florence
4117:Battle of Stockach
3950:Ireland expedition
3934:Battle of Calliano
3894:Battle of Rovereto
3886:Battle of Würzburg
3338:Law of 22 Prairial
3307:Anti-clerical laws
3282:The Death of Marat
3103:Flight to Varennes
2633:War in Afghanistan
2603:Invasion of Panama
2598:Lebanese Civil War
2523:Formosa Expedition
2483:Second Barbary War
2437:2020 racial unrest
2372:Johnson County War
2367:Lincoln County War
2342:American Civil War
2337:Harpers Ferry raid
2312:Turner's Rebellion
1588:10.1353/jer.0.0004
1067:Convention of 1800
902:William Bainbridge
855:
679:six large frigates
671:
600:United States Navy
581:
557:, while President
499:French West Indies
467:declaration of war
459:Convention of 1800
444:United States Navy
213:5,700 sailors and
177:Napoléon Bonaparte
161:William Bainbridge
89:Convention of 1800
7107:Conflicts in 1800
7102:Conflicts in 1799
7097:Conflicts in 1798
7039:
7038:
6926:Charles Adams Sr.
6893:John Quincy Adams
6765:(2024 miniseries)
6757:(2015 miniseries)
6712:(1976 miniseries)
6567:List of memorials
6383:Treaty of Tripoli
6378:Treaty of Tellico
6175:Committee of Five
6005:
6004:
6001:
6000:
5879:Cockade of France
5850:
5849:
5812:Antoine Lavoisier
5802:Benjamin Franklin
5782:Anacharsis Cloots
5745:
5744:
5741:
5740:
5665:Louis de Breteuil
5507:Theophile Leclerc
4935:
4934:
4931:
4930:
4888:Alexander Suvorov
4629:
4628:
4563:Józef Poniatowski
4481:Étienne Macdonald
4285:
4284:
4186:Battle of Marengo
4149:Battle of Trebbia
4133:Battle of Cassano
4125:Battle of Magnano
4109:Battle of Ostrach
4011:Battle of Neuwied
3773:Battle of Fleurus
3757:Battle of Tournay
3634:War in the Vendée
3570:Royalist Revolts
3531:
3530:
3088:
3064:Abolition of the
2982:Tennis Court Oath
2974:National Assembly
2803:French Revolution
2769:
2768:
2731:Casualties of war
2563:Russian Civil War
2528:Korean Expedition
2473:First Barbary War
2352:Brooks–Baxter War
2307:Fries's Rebellion
2302:Whiskey Rebellion
2245:
2244:
2235:Succeeded by
2153:978-0-471-65113-0
2131:978-0-393-05847-5
2112:(AS Barnes, 1968)
2101:978-0-8117-1862-2
2082:978-1-55750-508-8
1998:978-0-465-01607-5
1803:978-0-16-002030-8
1498:, pp. 67–77.
1367:, pp. 71–72.
1235:, pp. 23–24.
966:off the coast of
953:. On 1 February,
675:ships of the line
664:Benjamin Stoddert
628:Benjamin Stoddert
559:George Washington
519:French Revolution
410:Mediterranean Sea
377:
376:
244:
243:
187:Edme Desfourneaux
146:Benjamin Stoddert
94:
93:
77:Mediterranean Sea
7134:
7028:
7027:
6962:Susanna Boylston
6952:(great-grandson)
6946:(great-grandson)
6940:(great-grandson)
6852:Founding Fathers
6801:Federalist Party
6741:2008 miniseries)
6221:Conference House
6209:Continental Navy
6108:
6096:
6084:
6076:
6068:
6057:
6032:
6025:
6018:
6009:
6008:
5959:
5947:Temple of Reason
5918:
5894:
5875:
5856:
5855:
5807:Thomas Jefferson
5751:
5750:
5670:de Chateaubriand
5600:Joseph Bonaparte
5595:Lucien Bonaparte
5585:Marie Antoinette
5540:
5539:
5527:Sylvain Maréchal
5482:François Hanriot
5317:Louis Philippe I
5244:Louis Philippe I
5239:Philippe Égalité
5181:Olympe de Gouges
5151:Charlotte Corday
5141:Étienne Clavière
4941:
4940:
4923:Antonio Ricardos
4908:
4907:
4893:Andrei Rosenberg
4873:
4872:
4843:
4842:
4818:
4817:
4788:Ralph Abercromby
4775:
4774:
4750:
4727:
4714:
4706:
4698:
4685:
4672:
4649:
4648:
4640:
4639:
4544:
4491:Marcellin Marbot
4314:
4313:
4307:
4306:
4295:Military leaders
4291:
4290:
4278:
4270:
4266:Treaty of Amiens
4251:
4243:
4235:
4214:
4206:
4198:
4190:
4169:
4168:(25–26 Sep 1799)
4161:
4153:
4152:(17–20 Jun 1799)
4145:
4137:
4136:(27–28 Apr 1799)
4129:
4121:
4113:
4112:(20–21 Mar 1799)
4105:
4097:
4093:Second Coalition
4076:
4068:
4060:
4052:
4044:
4023:
4015:
4007:
4003:Treaty of Leoben
3999:
3991:
3990:(14–15 Jan 1797)
3987:Battle of Rivoli
3983:
3975:
3971:Italian campaign
3954:
3946:
3945:(15–17 Nov 1796)
3942:Battle of Arcole
3938:
3930:
3922:
3914:
3906:
3898:
3890:
3882:
3878:Battle of Amberg
3874:
3861:
3853:
3849:Battle of Lonato
3845:
3841:Italian campaign
3819:
3798:
3790:
3777:
3769:
3761:
3753:
3745:
3736:
3715:
3714:(26–27 Dec 1793)
3702:
3694:
3656:
3648:
3644:Battle of Famars
3612:
3537:
3536:
3519:
3511:
3503:
3484:
3465:
3457:
3438:
3430:
3410:
3402:
3394:
3375:
3367:
3359:
3350:
3342:
3334:
3311:
3303:
3295:
3287:
3277:
3269:
3261:
3241:
3233:
3225:
3206:
3198:
3190:
3182:
3174:
3166:
3158:
3139:
3131:
3123:
3115:
3107:
3106:(20–21 Jun 1791)
3086:
3078:
3070:
3061:
3042:
3034:
3026:
3018:
3010:
3002:
2994:
2986:
2978:
2970:
2962:
2954:
2946:
2925:
2917:
2913:Day of the Tiles
2896:
2895:
2796:
2789:
2782:
2773:
2772:
2721:Military history
2680:Yemeni civil war
2613:Somali Civil War
2513:Second Opium War
2382:Homestead strike
2297:Shays' Rebellion
2271:
2264:
2257:
2248:
2247:
2219:Preceded by
2216:
2215:
2198:compiled by the
2178:
2157:
2135:
2123:
2105:
2086:
2067:
2058:
2040:
2027:
2002:
1990:
1979:
1959:
1941:
1904:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1860:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1826:
1807:
1788:
1776:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1720:
1683:
1673:
1663:
1646:
1635:
1626:
1607:
1570:
1551:
1523:
1517:
1511:
1505:
1499:
1493:
1487:
1481:
1475:
1469:
1463:
1457:
1451:
1445:
1439:
1433:
1427:
1421:
1415:
1414:Love 1992, p. 68
1412:
1406:
1400:
1394:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1380:. Archived from
1374:
1368:
1362:
1356:
1355:, pp. 8–10.
1350:
1344:
1338:
1332:
1326:
1320:
1314:
1308:
1302:
1296:
1290:
1284:
1278:
1272:
1266:
1260:
1254:
1248:
1242:
1236:
1230:
1224:
1218:
1212:
1206:
1200:
1194:
1188:
1182:
1173:
1167:
1150:
1123:
1117:
1108:
984:occupied Curaçao
958:severely damaged
949:privateers near
806:
609:French Directory
479:Persian Gulf War
280:
270:
263:
256:
247:
246:
232:
124:
122:
121:
111:
109:
108:
48:
47:
33:
21:
20:
7142:
7141:
7137:
7136:
7135:
7133:
7132:
7131:
7042:
7041:
7040:
7035:
6994:
6984:daughter-in-law
6976:(second cousin)
6920:George W. Adams
6858:
6769:
6755:Sons of Liberty
6673:Popular culture
6668:
6635:President Adams
6602:(1783 painting)
6599:Treaty of Paris
6550:
6491:
6485:
6474:Founders Online
6436:
6273:
6242:
6170:May 15 preamble
6147:United Colonies
6118:
6117:Founding of the
6111:
6099:
6087:
6079:
6071:
6060:
6049:
6041:
6036:
6006:
5997:
5872:La Marseillaise
5861:
5860:Cultural impact
5846:
5756:
5737:
5704:
5660:Madame du Barry
5650:Catherine Théot
5640:Thérésa Tallien
5531:
5522:Gracchus Babeuf
5467:François Chabot
5424:
5416:
5337:Georges Couthon
5332:Marquis de Sade
5297:Jean-Paul Marat
5273:
5229:Bertrand Barère
5195:
5106:
5087:Boissy d'Anglas
5082:Madame de Staël
5047:Antoine Barnave
5015:
5008:
4999:
4946:
4927:
4902:
4897:
4867:
4862:
4837:
4832:
4812:
4807:
4769:
4764:
4748:
4725:
4712:
4704:
4696:
4683:
4670:
4659:József Alvinczi
4643:
4625:
4607:
4548:Nicolas Oudinot
4538:
4471:Claude Lecourbe
4466:Charles Leclerc
4361:Guillaume Brune
4331:Pierre Augereau
4301:
4296:
4281:
4276:
4274:Treaty of Paris
4268:
4254:
4249:
4241:
4233:
4217:
4212:
4204:
4196:
4188:
4172:
4167:
4159:
4151:
4143:
4135:
4127:
4119:
4111:
4103:
4095:
4079:
4074:
4066:
4058:
4050:
4042:
4026:
4021:
4013:
4005:
3997:
3989:
3981:
3973:
3957:
3952:
3944:
3936:
3928:
3920:
3912:
3904:
3896:
3888:
3880:
3872:
3859:
3851:
3843:
3827:
3817:
3801:
3796:
3788:
3775:
3767:
3759:
3751:
3743:
3734:
3718:
3713:
3700:
3692:
3690:Siege of Toulon
3654:
3646:
3629:First Coalition
3615:
3606:
3542:
3527:
3517:
3509:
3501:
3487:
3482:
3468:
3463:
3455:
3441:
3436:
3428:
3408:
3400:
3392:
3378:
3373:
3365:
3357:
3348:
3340:
3332:
3314:
3309:
3301:
3293:
3291:Law of Suspects
3285:
3275:
3267:
3259:
3239:
3237:Reign of Terror
3231:
3223:
3209:
3204:
3196:
3188:
3180:
3172:
3164:
3156:
3142:
3137:
3129:
3121:
3113:
3105:
3091:
3076:
3068:
3059:
3045:
3040:
3032:
3024:
3017:(4–11 Aug 1789)
3016:
3008:
3000:
2992:
2984:
2976:
2968:
2960:
2952:
2950:Réveillon riots
2944:
2928:
2923:
2915:
2901:
2890:
2805:
2800:
2770:
2765:
2684:
2543:Boxer Rebellion
2446:
2327:Bleeding Kansas
2285:
2278:
2275:
2236:
2231:
2220:
2196:Wayback Machine
2185:
2175:
2154:
2132:
2102:
2083:
2024:
1999:
1968:
1948:
1946:Further reading
1901:
1879:
1877:
1841:
1839:
1823:
1804:
1733:
1731:
1701:10.2307/2189404
1671:
1623:
1567:
1532:
1527:
1526:
1518:
1514:
1506:
1502:
1494:
1490:
1482:
1478:
1470:
1466:
1458:
1454:
1446:
1442:
1434:
1430:
1422:
1418:
1413:
1409:
1401:
1397:
1387:
1385:
1384:on 28 July 2013
1376:
1375:
1371:
1363:
1359:
1351:
1347:
1339:
1335:
1327:
1323:
1315:
1311:
1303:
1299:
1291:
1287:
1279:
1275:
1267:
1263:
1255:
1251:
1243:
1239:
1231:
1227:
1219:
1215:
1207:
1203:
1195:
1191:
1183:
1176:
1170:Clodfelter 2002
1168:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1153:
1127:undeclared wars
1124:
1120:
1109:
1105:
1100:
1083:
1071:Napoleonic Wars
1059:
1016:On 25 October,
843:
807:Egypte Conquise
804:
789:, commanded by
728:Stephen Decatur
726:, commanded by
657:
645:undeclared wars
613:role d'equipage
563:executive order
487:
378:
373:
298:Capture of USS
281:
276:
274:
239:
234:
212:
201:
170:
166:Stephen Decatur
119:
117:
106:
104:
79:
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7140:
7130:
7129:
7124:
7119:
7114:
7109:
7104:
7099:
7094:
7089:
7084:
7079:
7077:1800 in France
7074:
7069:
7067:1799 in France
7064:
7059:
7057:1798 in France
7054:
7037:
7036:
7034:
7033:
7020:
7019:
7015:
7014:
7007:
6999:
6996:
6995:
6993:
6992:
6991:
6990:
6985:
6977:
6971:
6965:
6959:
6956:John Adams Sr.
6953:
6947:
6941:
6935:
6929:
6923:
6917:
6911:
6905:
6904:
6903:
6898:
6890:
6884:
6883:
6882:
6877:
6868:
6866:
6860:
6859:
6857:
6856:
6855:
6854:
6849:
6839:
6832:
6825:
6820:
6819:
6818:
6813:
6808:
6806:Federalist Era
6798:
6793:
6788:
6783:
6777:
6775:
6771:
6770:
6768:
6767:
6759:
6751:
6743:
6738:
6730:
6726:Liberty's Kids
6722:
6714:
6706:
6701:
6693:
6685:
6676:
6674:
6670:
6669:
6667:
6666:
6661:
6653:
6648:
6639:
6630:
6621:
6612:
6603:
6595:
6590:
6585:
6580:
6575:
6572:Adams Memorial
6569:
6564:
6558:
6556:
6552:
6551:
6549:
6548:
6543:
6538:
6533:
6528:
6527:
6526:
6521:
6516:
6511:
6501:
6495:
6493:
6487:
6486:
6484:
6483:
6476:
6471:
6464:
6457:
6456:
6455:
6444:
6442:
6441:Other writings
6438:
6437:
6435:
6434:
6429:
6424:
6419:
6414:
6409:
6404:
6399:
6398:
6397:
6385:
6380:
6375:
6370:
6365:
6360:
6355:
6350:
6349:
6348:
6338:
6337:
6336:
6326:
6321:
6320:
6319:
6314:
6309:
6304:
6299:
6289:
6283:
6281:
6275:
6274:
6272:
6271:
6266:
6261:
6256:
6250:
6248:
6244:
6243:
6241:
6240:
6235:
6230:
6225:
6224:
6223:
6213:
6212:
6211:
6201:
6196:
6195:
6194:
6189:
6179:
6178:
6177:
6172:
6162:
6157:
6149:
6144:
6139:
6134:
6129:
6123:
6121:
6113:
6112:
6110:
6109:
6097:
6085:
6077:
6069:
6058:
6046:
6043:
6042:
6035:
6034:
6027:
6020:
6012:
6003:
6002:
5999:
5998:
5996:
5995:
5990:
5985:
5980:
5975:
5970:
5965:
5960:
5951:
5950:
5949:
5942:Cult of Reason
5939:
5934:
5929:
5924:
5919:
5910:
5905:
5900:
5895:
5886:
5884:Flag of France
5881:
5876:
5866:
5863:
5862:
5852:
5851:
5848:
5847:
5845:
5844:
5839:
5834:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5809:
5804:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5769:
5761:
5758:
5757:
5747:
5746:
5743:
5742:
5739:
5738:
5736:
5735:
5730:
5729:
5728:
5723:
5712:
5710:
5706:
5705:
5703:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5690:Jacques Necker
5687:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5652:
5647:
5642:
5637:
5632:
5627:
5622:
5617:
5612:
5607:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5546:
5544:
5537:
5533:
5532:
5530:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5512:Claire Lacombe
5509:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5437:Jacques Hébert
5433:
5431:
5418:
5417:
5415:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5292:Georges Danton
5289:
5283:
5281:
5275:
5274:
5272:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5205:
5203:
5197:
5196:
5194:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5136:Henri Grégoire
5132:
5127:
5122:
5116:
5114:
5108:
5107:
5105:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5077:Camille Jordan
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5018:
5016:
5004:
5001:
5000:
4998:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4956:
4954:
4948:
4947:
4937:
4936:
4933:
4932:
4929:
4928:
4926:
4925:
4920:
4914:
4912:
4899:
4898:
4896:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4879:
4877:
4864:
4863:
4861:
4860:
4855:
4849:
4847:
4834:
4833:
4831:
4830:
4824:
4822:
4809:
4808:
4806:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4781:
4779:
4766:
4765:
4763:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4721:
4716:
4708:
4700:
4692:
4687:
4679:
4674:
4666:
4661:
4655:
4653:
4637:
4631:
4630:
4627:
4626:
4624:
4623:
4617:
4615:
4609:
4608:
4606:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4322:
4320:
4311:
4298:
4297:
4287:
4286:
4283:
4282:
4280:
4279:
4271:
4262:
4260:
4256:
4255:
4253:
4252:
4244:
4236:
4227:
4225:
4219:
4218:
4216:
4215:
4207:
4199:
4191:
4182:
4180:
4174:
4173:
4171:
4170:
4162:
4157:Battle of Novi
4154:
4146:
4144:(4–7 Jun 1799)
4138:
4130:
4122:
4114:
4106:
4098:
4089:
4087:
4081:
4080:
4078:
4077:
4069:
4061:
4053:
4045:
4036:
4034:
4028:
4027:
4025:
4024:
4016:
4008:
4000:
3992:
3984:
3976:
3967:
3965:
3959:
3958:
3956:
3955:
3947:
3939:
3937:(6–7 Nov 1796)
3931:
3923:
3915:
3907:
3899:
3891:
3883:
3875:
3867:
3862:
3854:
3852:(3–4 Aug 1796)
3846:
3837:
3835:
3829:
3828:
3826:
3825:
3823:Peace of Basel
3820:
3811:
3809:
3803:
3802:
3800:
3799:
3791:
3783:
3778:
3770:
3762:
3754:
3746:
3737:
3728:
3726:
3720:
3719:
3717:
3716:
3708:
3703:
3695:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3665:Siege of Mainz
3662:
3657:
3649:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3625:
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3596:
3594:Siege of Mainz
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3426:13 Vendémiaire
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3322:
3320:
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3304:
3296:
3288:
3278:
3273:Levée en masse
3270:
3262:
3254:
3253:
3252:
3247:
3234:
3226:
3217:
3215:
3211:
3210:
3208:
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3199:
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3178:10th of August
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3060:(Feb–Jul 1790)
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3027:
3019:
3011:
3003:
2995:
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2736:Peace movement
2733:
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2698:
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2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2387:Pullman Strike
2384:
2379:
2377:Coal Creek War
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2322:Dorr Rebellion
2319:
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2299:
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2259:
2251:
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2208:
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2184:
2183:External links
2181:
2180:
2179:
2173:
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2136:
2130:
2113:
2106:
2100:
2087:
2081:
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2059:
2042:
2028:
2022:
2003:
1997:
1980:
1966:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1942:
1916:(3): 435–466.
1905:
1899:
1886:
1861:
1848:
1827:
1821:
1808:
1802:
1789:
1777:
1757:10.1086/236487
1751:(3): 305–333.
1740:
1721:
1695:(2): 279–309.
1684:
1664:
1647:
1636:
1627:
1622:978-0520015739
1621:
1608:
1582:(2): 183–214.
1571:
1566:978-0786412044
1565:
1552:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1524:
1512:
1508:Stansbury 1992
1500:
1488:
1476:
1472:Mackenzie 1846
1464:
1452:
1440:
1428:
1416:
1407:
1395:
1369:
1357:
1345:
1343:, p. 119.
1333:
1321:
1309:
1297:
1285:
1283:, p. 189.
1273:
1261:
1259:, p. 4-5.
1249:
1247:, p. 103.
1237:
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1101:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1094:
1089:
1082:
1079:
1058:
1055:
978:in early May,
936:1 January 1800
842:
839:
781:revenue cutter
772:, a converted
706:General Greene
656:
653:
649:police actions
567:merchant ships
511:Dutch Republic
486:
483:
386:undeclared war
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151:Thomas Truxtun
148:
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87:Inconclusive,
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6938:John Q. Adams
6936:
6933:
6932:John Adams II
6930:
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6918:
6915:
6912:
6909:
6908:Charles Adams
6906:
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6894:
6891:
6888:
6885:
6881:
6880:Quincy family
6878:
6875:
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6872:Abigail Adams
6870:
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6816:republicanism
6814:
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6804:
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6802:
6799:
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6796:Congress Hall
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6705:
6702:
6700:
6699:(1969 musical
6698:
6694:
6692:
6690:
6686:
6684:
6683:(1964 series)
6682:
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6524:Stone Library
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6507:
6506:
6505:
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6480:Gray v. Pitts
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6119:United States
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5956:Sans-culottes
5952:
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5930:
5928:
5927:Metric system
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5726:Panthéon Club
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5615:Joachim Murat
5613:
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5398:
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5393:
5392:Gilbert Romme
5390:
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5217:
5215:
5214:de Cambacérès
5212:
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5157:
5154:
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5149:
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5142:
5139:
5137:
5133:
5131:
5130:Madame Roland
5128:
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5117:
5115:
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5103:
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5070:
5068:
5067:André Chénier
5065:
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5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
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5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5022:Grace Elliott
5020:
5019:
5017:
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5013:
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5002:
4996:
4993:
4991:
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4986:
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4583:Joseph Souham
4581:
4579:
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4529:
4527:
4526:Joachim Murat
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4506:André Masséna
4504:
4502:
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4305:
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4292:
4288:
4277:(25 Jun 1802)
4275:
4272:
4269:(25 Mar 1802)
4267:
4264:
4263:
4261:
4257:
4248:
4245:
4242:(18 Mar 1801)
4240:
4237:
4232:
4229:
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4197:(15 Jun 1800)
4195:
4192:
4189:(14 Jun 1800)
4187:
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4166:
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4160:(15 Aug 1799)
4158:
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4120:(25 Mar 1799)
4118:
4115:
4110:
4107:
4102:
4101:Siege of Acre
4099:
4094:
4091:
4090:
4088:
4086:
4082:
4073:
4072:Peasants' War
4070:
4065:
4062:
4057:
4054:
4049:
4046:
4041:
4038:
4037:
4035:
4033:
4029:
4022:(17 Oct 1797)
4020:
4017:
4014:(18 Apr 1797)
4012:
4009:
4006:(17 Apr 1797)
4004:
4001:
3998:(25 Jan 1797)
3996:
3993:
3988:
3985:
3982:(13 Jan 1797)
3980:
3977:
3972:
3969:
3968:
3966:
3964:
3960:
3951:
3948:
3943:
3940:
3935:
3932:
3927:
3924:
3921:(26 Oct 1796)
3919:
3916:
3913:(19 Oct 1796)
3911:
3908:
3903:
3900:
3895:
3892:
3887:
3884:
3881:(24 Aug 1796)
3879:
3876:
3873:(11 Aug 1796)
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3858:
3855:
3850:
3847:
3842:
3839:
3838:
3836:
3834:
3830:
3824:
3821:
3816:
3813:
3812:
3810:
3808:
3804:
3795:
3792:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3776:(26 Jun 1794)
3774:
3771:
3766:
3763:
3760:(22 May 1794)
3758:
3755:
3752:(18 May 1794)
3750:
3747:
3741:
3738:
3735:(24 Apr 1794)
3733:
3730:
3729:
3727:
3725:
3721:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3701:(13 Oct 1793)
3699:
3696:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3653:
3650:
3647:(23 May 1793)
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3626:
3624:
3622:
3618:
3610:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3553:
3551:
3549:
3545:
3538:
3534:
3524:
3521:
3518:(24 Dec 1799)
3516:
3513:
3508:
3505:
3502:(18 Jun 1799)
3500:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3490:
3483:(11 May 1798)
3481:
3478:
3477:
3475:
3471:
3462:
3459:
3454:
3451:
3450:
3448:
3444:
3435:
3432:
3427:
3424:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3411:
3407:
3404:
3401:(22 Aug 1795)
3399:
3396:
3391:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3381:
3374:(11 Nov 1794)
3372:
3369:
3364:
3361:
3358:(28 Jul 1794)
3355:
3352:
3349:(27 Jul 1794)
3347:
3344:
3341:(10 Jun 1794)
3339:
3336:
3331:
3327:
3324:
3323:
3321:
3317:
3308:
3305:
3302:(16 Oct 1793)
3300:
3297:
3294:(17 Sep 1793)
3292:
3289:
3284:
3283:
3279:
3276:(23 Aug 1793)
3274:
3271:
3268:(13 Jul 1793)
3266:
3263:
3258:
3255:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3242:
3238:
3235:
3230:
3227:
3224:(21 Jan 1793)
3222:
3219:
3218:
3216:
3212:
3205:(22 Sep 1792)
3203:
3200:
3195:
3192:
3187:
3184:
3181:(10 Aug 1792)
3179:
3176:
3171:
3168:
3165:(25 Jul 1792)
3163:
3160:
3157:(20 Apr 1792)
3155:
3152:
3151:
3149:
3145:
3136:
3133:
3128:
3125:
3122:(27 Aug 1791)
3120:
3117:
3114:(17 Jul 1791)
3112:
3109:
3104:
3101:
3100:
3098:
3094:
3087:(14 Jul 1790)
3085:
3084:
3080:
3077:(12 Jul 1790)
3075:
3072:
3069:(23 Jun 1790)
3067:
3063:
3058:
3055:
3054:
3052:
3048:
3039:
3036:
3031:
3028:
3025:(26 Aug 1789)
3023:
3020:
3015:
3012:
3007:
3004:
3001:(14 Jul 1789)
2999:
2996:
2991:
2988:
2985:(20 Jun 1789)
2983:
2980:
2975:
2972:
2969:(4 June 1789)
2967:
2964:
2959:
2956:
2953:(28 Apr 1789)
2951:
2948:
2943:
2942:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2931:
2924:(21 Jul 1788)
2922:
2919:
2914:
2911:
2910:
2908:
2904:
2897:
2893:
2887:
2886:
2882:
2880:
2879:
2875:
2873:
2872:
2868:
2866:
2865:
2861:
2859:
2858:
2854:
2852:
2851:
2847:
2845:
2844:
2840:
2838:
2837:
2833:
2831:
2830:
2829:Ancien Régime
2826:
2824:
2823:
2819:
2817:
2816:
2812:
2811:
2808:
2804:
2797:
2792:
2790:
2785:
2783:
2778:
2777:
2774:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2756:War on terror
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2687:
2681:
2678:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2655:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2449:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2288:
2281:
2272:
2267:
2265:
2260:
2258:
2253:
2252:
2249:
2241:
2240:
2234:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2224:
2218:
2217:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2203:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2176:
2174:9780795013324
2170:
2166:
2165:
2159:
2155:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2140:Unger, Harlow
2137:
2133:
2127:
2122:
2121:
2114:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2097:
2093:
2088:
2084:
2078:
2074:
2069:
2065:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2034:
2029:
2025:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2010:
2004:
2000:
1994:
1989:
1988:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1963:
1958:
1957:
1950:
1949:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1906:
1902:
1900:9780786454075
1896:
1892:
1887:
1875:
1871:
1870:Naval History
1867:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1849:
1837:
1833:
1828:
1824:
1818:
1814:
1809:
1805:
1799:
1795:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1741:
1729:
1728:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1670:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1648:
1644:
1643:
1637:
1633:
1628:
1624:
1618:
1614:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1572:
1568:
1562:
1558:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1540:
1534:
1533:
1521:
1516:
1509:
1504:
1497:
1492:
1485:
1480:
1474:, p. 40.
1473:
1468:
1461:
1456:
1450:, p. 84.
1449:
1444:
1437:
1432:
1425:
1420:
1411:
1405:
1399:
1383:
1379:
1373:
1366:
1361:
1354:
1349:
1342:
1341:Sechrest 2007
1337:
1331:, p. 69.
1330:
1325:
1318:
1317:Fehlings 2000
1313:
1307:, p. 67.
1306:
1301:
1295:, p. 25.
1294:
1293:Williams 2009
1289:
1282:
1277:
1270:
1265:
1258:
1253:
1246:
1245:Sechrest 2007
1241:
1234:
1229:
1222:
1217:
1210:
1209:Fehlings 2000
1205:
1198:
1193:
1187:, p. 18.
1186:
1185:Fehlings 2000
1181:
1179:
1171:
1166:
1162:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1122:
1116:
1112:
1107:
1103:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1078:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1063:
1054:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1029:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1014:
1012:
1011:
1007:the corvette
1006:
1003:
999:
998:
992:
991:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
964:
959:
956:
955:Constellation
952:
948:
944:
943:
937:
932:
930:
929:
928:United States
923:
919:
916:
915:
914:Constellation
909:
907:
903:
899:
898:
892:
891:
886:
885:
880:
877:
873:
869:
868:
863:
862:
852:
847:
837:
833:
829:
827:
823:
819:
818:
812:
808:
800:
796:
792:
791:Edward Preble
788:
787:
782:
777:
775:
774:East Indiaman
771:
770:
764:
760:
755:
753:
748:
746:
745:
740:
739:
733:
729:
725:
724:
717:
715:
714:
708:
707:
701:
700:
694:
693:
687:
686:
680:
676:
669:
665:
661:
652:
650:
646:
642:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
616:
614:
610:
605:
601:
596:
594:
590:
586:
578:
574:
570:
568:
564:
560:
556:
551:
547:
542:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
523:Jeffersonians
520:
516:
512:
508:
507:Great Britain
504:
500:
496:
495:United States
492:
482:
480:
476:
472:
471:Supreme Court
468:
464:
460:
456:
451:
449:
445:
441:
436:
434:
430:
426:
425:Great Britain
422:
418:
413:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
390:United States
387:
383:
370:
369:
365:
360:
358:
357:
353:
348:
346:
343:
341:
338:
336:
333:
331:
330:
326:
325:Constellation
321:
319:
316:
314:
313:
309:
308:Constellation
304:
302:
301:
296:
294:
293:
288:
287:
284:
279:
271:
266:
264:
259:
257:
252:
251:
248:
237:
229:
228:
223:
219:
216:
210:
209:
204:
198:
195:
193:
192:Victor Hugues
190:
188:
185:
183:
180:
178:
175:
174:
172:
167:
164:
162:
159:
157:
154:
152:
149:
147:
144:
142:
139:
138:
136:
135:
130:
127:
116:
114:
113:United States
103:
102:
97:
90:
86:
83:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
61:
58:
57:
53:
50:
49:
45:
42:
38:
37:Constellation
32:
27:
22:
19:
7023:
7009:
7002:
6980:Louisa Adams
6974:Samuel Adams
6950:Brooks Adams
6864:Adams family
6834:
6827:
6762:
6754:
6746:
6733:
6725:
6717:
6709:
6696:
6688:
6680:
6643:
6634:
6625:
6616:
6607:
6597:
6562:Bibliography
6478:
6466:
6459:
6392:
6291:
6287:Inauguration
6199:Board of War
6182:Model Treaty
6152:
5963:Phrygian cap
5908:Bastille Day
5822:Thomas Paine
5777:Edmund Burke
5772:Beaumarchais
5766:Les Lumières
5764:
5605:Joseph Fesch
5517:Pauline Léon
5487:Jacques Roux
5426:
5010:
4436:Lazare Hoche
4421:Paul Grenier
4391:Louis Desaix
4250:(8 Jul 1801)
4234:(9 Feb 1801)
4205:(3 Dec 1800)
4128:(5 Apr 1799)
4063:
3929:(6 Nov 1796)
3905:(8 Sep 1796)
3897:(4 Sep 1796)
3889:(3 Sep 1796)
3860:(5 Aug 1796)
3789:(2 Oct 1794)
3768:(1 Jun 1794)
3510:(9 Nov 1799)
3456:(4 Sep 1797)
3393:(1 Apr 1795)
3363:White Terror
3356:guillotined
3333:(5 Apr 1794)
3280:
3260:(2 Jun 1793)
3130:(3 Sep 1791)
3081:
3041:(2 Nov 1789)
3033:(5 Oct 1789)
2961:(5 May 1789)
2939:
2916:(7 Jun 1788)
2883:
2876:
2869:
2862:
2855:
2848:
2841:
2834:
2827:
2820:
2813:
2568:World War II
2467:
2362:Hamburg riot
2237:
2228:
2221:
2163:
2143:
2119:
2109:
2091:
2072:
2063:
2046:
2036:
2032:
2008:
1986:
1955:
1913:
1909:
1890:
1878:. Retrieved
1873:
1869:
1856:
1852:
1840:. Retrieved
1835:
1812:
1793:
1784:
1748:
1744:
1732:. Retrieved
1726:
1692:
1688:
1679:
1675:
1659:
1655:
1641:
1631:
1612:
1579:
1575:
1556:
1538:
1515:
1503:
1491:
1479:
1467:
1455:
1443:
1438:, p. x.
1431:
1419:
1410:
1398:
1386:. Retrieved
1382:the original
1372:
1360:
1348:
1336:
1324:
1312:
1300:
1288:
1281:Coleman 2008
1276:
1271:, p. 5.
1264:
1252:
1240:
1228:
1221:Hyneman 1930
1216:
1204:
1192:
1165:
1147:World War II
1121:
1115:Quasi-guerre
1106:
1064:
1060:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1030:
1019:
1015:
1009:
1001:
996:
989:
976:Puerto Plata
972:Silas Talbot
963:La Vengeance
962:
954:
941:
933:
927:
922:L'Insurgente
921:
913:
910:
905:
896:
889:
883:
866:
860:
856:
835:
830:
816:
810:
802:
798:
785:
778:
768:
756:
749:
743:
737:
723:Philadelphia
722:
718:
712:
705:
698:
691:
684:
672:
617:
612:
597:
589:prize courts
582:
543:
488:
452:
437:
414:
406:Indian Ocean
400:and off the
381:
379:
367:
363:
355:
351:
329:La Vengeance
328:
324:
312:L'Insurgente
311:
307:
299:
291:
277:
197:André Rigaud
156:Silas Talbot
99:Belligerents
73:Indian Ocean
40:
36:
18:
6968:Elihu Adams
6944:Henry Adams
6691:(1969 play)
6659:Washington)
6095:(1775–1778)
6083:(1782–1788)
6075:(1785–1788)
6067:(1789–1797)
6056:(1797–1801)
5832:Abbé Sieyès
5817:Montesquieu
5733:Social Club
5675:Jean Chouan
5565:Louis XVIII
5342:Roger Ducos
5312:Paul Barras
5279:Montagnards
5209:Abbé Sieyès
5012:monarchiens
4820:Netherlands
4749:(Hungarian)
4697:(Hungarian)
4613:French Navy
4539: [
4461:Jean Lannes
4318:French Army
4096:(1798–1802)
4067:(1798–1800)
4051:(1798–1801)
3781:Chouannerie
3742:(Pyrenees)
3607: [
3574:Chouannerie
3366:(Fall 1794)
3354:Robespierre
2623:Bosnian War
2583:Vietnam War
2558:World War I
2548:Banana Wars
2478:War of 1812
1734:12 November
1496:Hickey 2008
1448:Mooney 1983
1436:Palmer 1989
1269:Palmer 1989
1257:Palmer 1989
1143:World War I
1131:War of 1812
1075:War of 1812
1026:the French
968:Saint Kitts
906:Retaliation
897:Retaliation
861:La Croyable
859:Capture of
826:East Indies
795:West Indies
531:New England
475:Vietnam War
300:Retaliation
292:La Croyable
290:Capture of
182:Paul Barras
7046:Categories
6988:first lady
6934:(grandson)
6928:(grandson)
6922:(grandson)
6901:presidency
6889:(daughter)
6736:(2001 book
6734:John Adams
6704:1972 film)
6644:John Adams
6617:John Adams
6574:(proposed)
6519:Peacefield
6297:XYZ Affair
6279:Presidency
6039:John Adams
5721:Cordeliers
5635:Talleyrand
5560:Louis XVII
5422:Hébertists
5176:Jean Debry
5006:Feuillants
4635:Opposition
4531:Michel Ney
3953:(Dec 1796)
3561:Thionville
3464:(Dec 1797)
3437:(May 1796)
3429:5 Oct 1795
3406:Directoire
3286:(painting)
3189:(Sep 1792)
3173:(Jun 1792)
3006:Great Fear
2945:(Jan 1789)
2836:Revolution
2761:War crimes
2628:Kosovo War
2573:Korean War
2553:Border War
2412:Bonus Army
2407:Tulsa riot
2397:Red Summer
2317:Mormon War
2232:Quasi-War
2023:0945726589
1967:0870491520
1822:0872494993
1484:Knox, 1939
1424:Allen 1909
1388:9 November
1365:Eclov 2013
1353:Eclov 2013
1329:Eclov 2013
1305:Eclov 2013
1233:Combs 1992
1197:Young 2011
1157:References
1043:Experiment
1039:Enterprise
1020:Enterprise
1010:Le Berceau
951:Hispaniola
942:Experiment
890:Volontaire
884:Insurgente
763:Guadeloupe
752:Royal Navy
692:Chesapeake
630:the first
626:appointed
624:John Adams
620:XYZ Affair
593:Jay Treaty
585:privateers
561:issued an
489:Under the
485:Background
448:Royal Navy
433:privateers
421:Jay Treaty
364:Enterprise
141:John Adams
63:Primarily
41:Insurgente
7052:Quasi-War
6970:(brother)
6247:Elections
6238:Diplomacy
5555:Louis XVI
5550:Charles X
5201:The Plain
5112:Girondins
5052:Lafayette
4713:(Walloon)
4695:Pál Kray
4671:(Walloon)
4213:(1800–02)
4064:Quasi-War
3523:Consulate
3409:(1795–99)
2864:Consulate
2857:Directory
2468:Quasi-War
2357:Range War
1938:144349420
1773:144516482
1717:147162918
1604:143138929
1520:Lyon 1940
1460:Rust 2023
1098:Footnotes
1047:Deux Amis
1018:USS
997:Merrimack
995:USS
988:USS
986:in July,
980:capturing
940:USS
926:USS
895:USS
822:Cape Horn
815:USS
811:Pickering
799:Pickering
786:Pickering
784:USS
767:USS
736:USS
721:USS
711:USS
704:USS
699:President
697:USS
690:USS
683:USS
577:Caribbean
541:in 1794.
455:Consulate
398:Caribbean
382:Quasi-War
278:Quasi-War
65:Caribbean
24:Quasi-War
7030:Category
6964:(mother)
6958:(father)
6847:patriots
6763:Franklin
6718:Liberty!
6490:Life and
6101:Delegate
6089:Delegate
5915:Panthéon
5903:Muscadin
5898:Marianne
5837:Voltaire
5716:Jacobins
5709:Factions
5249:Mirabeau
4705:(French)
3599:Jemappes
3583:Dauphiné
3066:Nobility
2878:Journals
2871:Glossary
2850:Republic
2822:Timeline
2751:Cold War
2668:Cameroon
2638:Iraq War
2608:Gulf War
2332:Utah War
2290:Domestic
2192:Archived
2142:(2005).
2039:(April).
1930:41261631
1783:(1846).
1596:30043587
1081:See also
1035:Dominica
1031:Flambeau
1024:defeated
1005:captured
990:Patapsco
918:captured
879:frigates
870:outside
867:Delaware
685:Congress
527:Congress
509:and the
477:and the
463:Congress
368:Flambeau
206:Strength
59:Location
6774:Related
6427:Cabinet
6103:to the
6091:to the
5797:Diderot
5543:Figures
5428:Enragés
5134:Father
4845:Prussia
4777:Britain
4726:(Saxon)
4684:(Swiss)
4651:Austria
2689:Related
2451:Foreign
2055:1291484
1765:1874761
1709:2189404
1548:1202325
1530:Sources
1486:, vol 1
947:Haitian
744:Berceau
384:was an
356:Berceau
345:Curaçao
220:Unknown
215:marines
6647:(1963)
6638:(1941)
6629:(1874)
6620:(1799)
6611:(1799)
6555:Legacy
6155:(1776)
6107:(1774)
5536:Others
4875:Russia
4309:France
3974:(1797)
3844:(1796)
3579:Vendée
3556:Verdun
3383:1795–6
3326:Danton
2885:Museum
2815:Causes
2171:
2150:
2128:
2098:
2079:
2053:
2020:
1995:
1976:793507
1974:
1964:
1936:
1928:
1897:
1880:7 July
1842:5 June
1819:
1800:
1771:
1763:
1715:
1707:
1682:(3–4).
1619:
1602:
1594:
1563:
1546:
1145:, and
1111:French
1002:Boston
876:French
769:Ganges
738:Boston
732:sloops
695:, and
673:Since
647:, or "
493:, the
352:Boston
335:Jacmel
123:
110:
84:Result
75:, and
6916:(son)
6910:(son)
6626:Adams
6608:Adams
6492:homes
6417:1800)
5993:Films
4910:Spain
4543:]
3611:]
3604:Namur
3589:Lille
3566:Valmy
2673:Libya
2663:Syria
1934:S2CID
1926:JSTOR
1769:S2CID
1761:JSTOR
1713:S2CID
1705:JSTOR
1680:XVIII
1672:(PDF)
1600:S2CID
1592:JSTOR
1051:Diane
1033:near
817:Essex
805:'
759:draft
713:Adams
423:with
6876:wife
6697:1776
6642:USS
6633:USS
6624:USS
6615:USS
6606:USS
6412:1799
6407:1798
6269:1800
6264:1796
6259:1792
5425:and
5009:and
4259:1802
4223:1801
4178:1800
4085:1799
4032:1798
3963:1797
3833:1796
3807:1795
3724:1794
3621:1793
3548:1792
3492:1799
3473:1798
3446:1797
3328:and
3319:1794
3214:1793
3147:1792
3096:1791
3050:1790
2933:1789
2906:1788
2658:Iraq
2169:ISBN
2148:ISBN
2126:ISBN
2096:ISBN
2077:ISBN
2051:OCLC
2018:ISBN
1993:ISBN
1972:OCLC
1962:ISBN
1895:ISBN
1882:2024
1859:(1).
1844:2024
1817:ISBN
1798:ISBN
1736:2018
1662:(3).
1617:ISBN
1561:ISBN
1544:OCLC
1390:2008
1049:and
1028:brig
993:and
887:and
779:The
709:and
553:the
412:.
408:and
392:and
380:The
362:USS
350:USS
323:USS
306:USS
67:and
51:Date
35:USS
6897:son
6062:1st
6051:2nd
4785:Sir
2014:254
1918:doi
1876:(3)
1857:XII
1753:doi
1749:XII
1697:doi
1584:doi
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651:".
366:vs
354:vs
327:vs
310:vs
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1970:.
1932:.
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1914:31
1912:.
1872:.
1868:.
1855:.
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1747:.
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1691:.
1678:.
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1658:.
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1590:.
1580:28
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1141:,
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