4916:
4851:
4783:
857:
118:
4657:
4315:
42:
671:
131:
765:, Secretary Stoddert was able to focus resources on eliminating the few vessels that evaded the blockade and reached the Caribbean. The U.S. also needed convoy protection, and while there was no formal agreement with the British, considerable co-operation took place at a local level. The two navies shared a signal system, and allowed their merchantmen to join each other's convoys, most of which were provided by the British, who had four to five times more escorts available.
584:
7037:
4881:
4826:
847:...they entered a European theater where the war had been underway since 1793...British ships chased and fought the same French cruisers and privateers. Both navies escorted each other's merchantmen. American warships operated from British bases. And most importantly, British policies and shifts in deployment had dramatic effects on American operations.
1080:, signed on 30 September, ended the Quasi-War. It affirmed the rights of Americans as neutrals upon the sea and abrogated the 1778 French alliance, but failed to provide compensation for the alleged $ 20 million in American economic losses. While the agreement ensured the U.S. remained neutral during the
1072:
It has been suggested that since the war was primarily driven by domestic political considerations, neither side was able to identify what a successful resolution entailed. This was enhanced by the tendency of individual commanders to pursue their own objectives, and on the
American side, focusing on
563:
rendered existing agreements void. They further argued
American military obligations under the Treaty of Alliance applied only to a "defensive conflict" and thus did not apply, since France had declared war on Britain and the Dutch Republic. To ensure the U.S. did not become involved, Congress passed
842:
The first significant study of the war was written by U.S. naval historian
Gardner W. Allen in 1909, and focused exclusively on ship-to-ship actions. This is how the conflict is generally remembered in the U.S., but historian Michael Palmer argues American naval operations cannot be assessed in
776:, they made opportunistic attacks on passing ships, before escaping back into port. To counter those tactics, the U.S. used similarly-sized vessels from the Revenue Cutter Service, as well as commissioning their own privateers. The first American ship to see action was the
649:
against French warships in
American waters, but wanted to ensure conflict did not escalate beyond these limits. As a result, it was called a "limited" or "Quasi-War", and led to political debate over whether it was constitutional. A series of rulings by the
617:
and a few neglected coastal forts. This allowed French privateers to roam virtually unchecked; from
October 1796 to June 1797, they captured 316 ships, 6% of the entire American merchant fleet, causing losses of $ 12 to $ 15 million. On 2 March 1797, the
606:. By resolving outstanding issues from the American Revolution, it led to a rapid expansion of trade between the two countries. Between 1794 and 1801, American exports to Britain nearly tripled in value, from US$ 33 million to $ 94 million.
2279:
6471:
6003:
602:, but not vice versa. However, the U.S. viewed it as the right to provide the same privileges to both. These differences were further exacerbated in November 1794 when the U.S. and Britain signed the
3317:
1076:
In any event, by late 1800 U.S. and
British naval operations, combined with a more conciliatory diplomatic stance by the new French government, had significantly reduced privateer activity. The
2272:
4980:
942:
had been refitted and repaired and embarked on her mission to patrol the South
Atlantic coast and West Indies in search of French ships which were preying on American merchant vessels.
7127:
4679:
2265:
6083:
1064:
and liberated numerous
American merchant ships. Although U.S. military losses were light, the French had seized over 2,000 American merchant ships by the time the war ended.
6674:
6603:
6317:
6091:
609:
As a result, in late 1796, French privateers began seizing
American ships trading with the British. An effective response was hampered by the almost complete lack of a
2721:
868:
From the perspective of the U.S. Navy, the Quasi-War consisted of a series of ship-to-ship actions in U.S. coastal waters and the
Caribbean; one of the first was the
5665:
730:
These vessels were enhanced by so-called "subscription ships", privately funded vessels provided by individual cities. They included five frigates, among them the
646:
6197:
4546:
2888:
1919:
Young, Christopher J (2011). "Connecting the President and the People: Washington's Neutrality, Genet's Challenge, and Hamilton's Fight for Public Support".
4920:
453:
left the U.S. unable to mount an effective response, and within a year over 316 American ships had been captured. In March 1798, Congress reconstituted the
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2427:
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3817:
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545:
6351:
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1011:
bombarded French positions on the island and landed marines to support the local Dutch troops before the French withdrew. On 12 October, the frigate
5640:
4868:
6264:
6214:
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689:
278:
2222:"U.S. treaties and federal legal documents re 'Quasi-War with France 1791–1800'", compiled by the Lillian Goldman Law Library of Yale Law School
626:
listing the nationalities of each crewmen. Since American ships rarely carried such documents, France had effectively initiated a commerce war.
6442:
4721:
2683:
457:, and in July authorized the use of force against France. By 1799, losses had been significantly reduced through informal cooperation with the
727:. The provision of naval stores and equipment by the British allowed these to be built relatively quickly, and all saw action during the war.
6478:
6111:
6099:
2716:
2210:
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442:, France retaliated by seizing U.S. ships trading with Great Britain. When diplomacy failed to resolve these issues, in October 1796 French
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4990:
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1653:
Informal Alliance: Royal Navy And U.S. Navy Co-Operation Against Republican France During The Quasi-War And Wars of the French Revolution
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4813:
2473:
2447:
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5645:
5097:
5000:
1585:
Coleman, Aaron (2008). ""A Second Bounaparty?" A Reexamination of Alexander Hamilton during the Franco-American Crisis, 1796-1801".
6378:
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2741:
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4742:
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2140:
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2007:
1812:
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4757:
3309:
6312:
6040:
5166:
4583:
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3400:
928:
614:
316:
4456:
688:
were expensive to build and required highly specialised construction facilities, in 1794 Congress compromised by ordering
6546:
6075:
5680:
5635:
4808:
3960:
3721:
2976:
2690:
2658:
1698:
Hyneman, Charles (1930). "Neutrality during the European Wars of 1792–1815: America's Understanding Of Her Obligations".
678:
642:
271:
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1876:
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481:
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197:
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4220:
3851:
2881:
2832:
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2538:
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1909:
968:
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and were armed with a maximum of twenty guns. Operating from French and Spanish bases in the Caribbean, particularly
333:
4421:
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4608:
3084:
3024:
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986:
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2853:
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412:
79:
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1902:
The French Assault on American Shipping, 1793–1813: A History and Comprehensive Record of Merchant Marine Losses
7132:
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3188:
3040:
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1976:
1831:
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753:
549:
264:
4985:
886:
6918:
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6661:
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5983:
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3981:
3825:
3804:
3742:
3662:
3525:
3260:
3180:
3145:
2756:
2663:
990:
692:. By 1798, the first three were nearly complete and on 16 July 1798, additional funding was approved for the
633:. However, the hostilities created support for establishing a limited naval force, and on 18 June, President
594:
France accepted these acts on the basis of "benevolent neutrality". They interpreted this as allowing French
350:
4416:
4406:
3093:
994:
355:
6839:
6764:
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6524:
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3490:
6666:
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5176:
5087:
5016:
4838:
4336:
4103:
3796:
3649:
3137:
2548:
1791:
555:
In 1793, Congress suspended repayment of French loans incurred during the Revolutionary War, arguing the
5620:
5472:
4486:
4381:
3619:
1679:
516:. As the treaty had no termination date, France claimed this obligation included defending them against
7117:
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3471:
3255:
3164:
2951:
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2638:
2633:
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2503:
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2121:
The Forgotten Wars: The Role of the US Navy in the Quasi War with France and the Barbary Wars 1798–1805
1034:
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450:
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225:
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Eagle and Sword: The Federalists and the Creation of the Military Establishment in America, 1783–1802
714:
501:
17:
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1149:
1145:
946:
936:
923:
517:
435:
328:
6437:
5082:
1862:
Sechrest, Larry (2007). "Privately Funded and Built U.S. Warships in the Quasi-War of 1797–1801".
856:
484:. This ruling formed the basis of many similar actions since, including U.S. participation in the
7087:
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3129:
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2233:
731:
6598:
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5512:
5407:
4461:
745:. Primarily intended to attack foreign shipping, they earned huge profits for their owners; the
6874:
6801:
6756:
6363:
6243:
6162:
6137:
5297:
5130:
4734:
4426:
4411:
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2402:
2155:
The French War Against America: How a Trusted Ally Betrayed Washington and the Founding Fathers
905:
869:
565:
556:
537:
533:
473:
300:
4241:
812:
over to Benjamin Hillar, who captured the much larger and more heavily armed French privateer
6772:
6625:
6519:
6334:
5837:
5151:
5102:
5037:
4568:
4451:
4441:
4319:
4314:
4212:
4167:
3920:
3867:
3685:
3675:
3614:
3604:
3599:
3356:
3212:
2860:
2746:
2518:
2362:
1084:
it failed to resolve the underlying tensions with warring European nations, which led to the
1028:
1015:
950:
768:
This freed the U.S. Navy to concentrate on French privateers, most of which had very shallow
700:
560:
404:
360:
136:
3896:
2024:
1842:
1568:
Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Reference to Casualty and Other Figures 1500–1999
1392:
187:
6948:
6719:
6152:
5776:
5650:
5412:
5234:
5156:
5005:
4613:
4603:
4396:
4111:
3928:
3875:
3680:
3463:
2588:
2437:
2357:
2317:
1005:
972:
893:
882:
707:
613:, whose last warship had been sold in 1785, leaving only a small flotilla belonging to the
5092:
4573:
4491:
3644:
3589:
2199:
1662:
1052:
also captured eight privateers and freed eleven U.S. merchant ships from captivity, while
8:
7040:
6897:
6852:
6588:
6398:
6026:
5852:
5782:
5630:
5560:
5417:
5397:
5362:
5337:
5269:
4970:
4496:
3880:
3759:
3517:
3429:
3204:
3196:
3172:
2931:
2598:
2417:
2307:
998:
876:
693:
6142:
5537:
5492:
2058:
Tattered Ensign The Story of America's Most Famous Fighting Frigate, U.S.S. Constitution
1548:
7062:
6821:
6698:
6404:
6327:
5312:
5077:
5042:
4893:
4855:
4850:
4598:
4516:
4511:
4257:
4249:
3944:
3904:
3716:
3609:
3373:
3348:
3292:
3275:
3113:
2533:
2493:
2382:
2377:
2352:
1996:
1944:
1936:
1779:
1771:
1723:
1715:
1610:
1602:
1077:
912:
610:
509:
469:
461:, whereby merchant ships from both nations were allowed to join each other's convoys.
454:
171:
99:
5660:
5477:
5239:
5112:
4669:
4623:
2960:
1643:
The Quasi-War: The Politics and Diplomacy of the Undeclared War with France, 1797–1801
7014:
6903:
6791:
6743:
6735:
6393:
6388:
6368:
6185:
5889:
5822:
5812:
5792:
4898:
4196:
4135:
4119:
3912:
2992:
2846:
2813:
2483:
2312:
2221:
2179:
2158:
2136:
2129:
2106:
2087:
2061:
2028:
2003:
1982:
1972:
1965:
1948:
1905:
1827:
1808:
1783:
1727:
1627:
1614:
1571:
1554:
1414:
746:
674:
638:
569:
529:
420:
156:
87:
6175:
5447:
5146:
3436:
3336:
3283:
1998:
If By Sea: The Forging of the American Navy – from the Revolution to the War of 1812
7021:
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6811:
6634:
6616:
6231:
6219:
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5817:
5610:
5605:
5595:
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5254:
5191:
5161:
4933:
4903:
4798:
4501:
4351:
4276:
4013:
3997:
3952:
3888:
3859:
3654:
3533:
3416:
3381:
2923:
2874:
2867:
2623:
2523:
2392:
2372:
2287:
1928:
1763:
1738:
Naval Documents related to the United States Wars with the Barbary Powers, Volume I
1707:
1594:
825:
824:
and her entire crew were lost at sea in a storm. Preble next commanded the frigate
721:
685:
619:
465:
5736:
2839:
2018:
1736:
629:
Diplomatic efforts to resolve the conflict ended in the 1797 dispute known as the
6484:
6157:
5882:
5670:
5347:
5342:
5307:
5057:
4661:
4656:
4558:
4481:
4371:
4341:
3700:
3576:
3301:
3247:
3048:
2553:
2337:
2327:
2206:
2173:
1137:
1121:
1081:
738:
655:
573:
176:
5527:
1967:
The Struggle for Neutrality: Franco-American Diplomacy During the Federalist Era
207:
6966:
6816:
6706:
6582:
6170:
5952:
5894:
5700:
5522:
5302:
5022:
4885:
4880:
4830:
4825:
4645:
3833:
3067:
2397:
2387:
2332:
791:
521:
446:
began attacking all merchant ships in U.S. waters, regardless of nationality.
396:
161:
41:
839:. He recaptured several U.S. ships that had been seized by French privateers.
7056:
6942:
6882:
6806:
6490:
5966:
5937:
5807:
5625:
5402:
5244:
5140:
5032:
4593:
4536:
2766:
801:
794:
784:
659:
577:
505:
400:
345:
202:
123:
6472:
A Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America
5432:
1824:
Stoddert's War: Naval Operations During the Quasi War with France, 1798-1801
670:
426:
In 1793, Congress unilaterally suspended repayment of French loans from the
6990:
6984:
6960:
6209:
6192:
5973:
5918:
5832:
5787:
5615:
5497:
5289:
4446:
4431:
4401:
2578:
2150:
2065:
1558:
1157:
982:
769:
742:
416:
166:
83:
1986:
1932:
6978:
6954:
6714:
5827:
5685:
5575:
5352:
5322:
4471:
3791:
3584:
2593:
2568:
2558:
2488:
2020:
The life and services of Commodore William Bainbridge, United States navy
1153:
1141:
1085:
978:
836:
805:
622:
issued a decree permitting the seizure of any neutral shipping without a
599:
541:
485:
192:
5925:
1940:
1606:
583:
6529:
6307:
6049:
5731:
5570:
5186:
4541:
3016:
2583:
2422:
2407:
1775:
1719:
1598:
961:
777:
773:
762:
634:
630:
603:
595:
458:
431:
151:
6552:
Co-founder and second president, American Academy of Arts and Sciences
5438:
1651:
5565:
5211:
5122:
4705:
2367:
2052:
A history of the use of the term "Quasi-War" in the years after 1800.
1796:
Life of Stephen Decatur: A Commodore in the Navy of the United States
832:
587:
443:
408:
75:
2782:
1711:
598:
to enter U.S. ports, and to sell captured British ships in American
544:
shipowners to earn huge profits evading the British blockade, while
6727:
5913:
5908:
5847:
5726:
5600:
4366:
2761:
2648:
2618:
2342:
1767:
1045:
957:
489:
2910:
251:
1 frigate, 2 corvettes, 1 brig and 118 privateers sunk or captured
1754:
Lyon, E Wilson (1940). "The Franco-American Convention of 1800".
889:
2288:
Armed conflicts involving the Armed Forces of the United States
2131:
Six Frigates: The Epic History of the Founding of The U.S. Navy
4981:
François Alexandre Frédéric, duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt
1624:
The Jay Treaty: Political Battleground of the Founding Fathers
752:
captured over 80 enemy vessels, including the French corvette
6675:
Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence
6018:
4915:
1807:. Vol. 6. Defense Dept., Navy, Naval History Division.
1174:
1136:
Between 1776 to 2000, the United States engaged in over 115
256:
1321:
1038:
993:
the coastal fort and a French corvette. When French troops
4955:
1213:
7128:
United States Marine Corps in the 18th and 19th centuries
4795:
2217:"The XYZ Affair and the Quasi-War with France, 1798–1800"
1225:
407:. It was fought almost entirely at sea, primarily in the
27:
Undeclared naval war between France and the US, 1798–1800
1191:
1189:
761:
With most of the French fleet confined to Europe by the
2084:
Millions for Defense: The Subscription Warships of 1798
1680:"The Quasi-War: America's First Limited War, 1798–1801"
1524:
1500:
1476:
1345:
1201:
1741:. Washington: United States Government Printing Office
1369:
1297:
1285:
1249:
1512:
1357:
1261:
1237:
1186:
1073:ship to ship actions rather than overall strategy.
5711:
List of people associated with the French Revolution
2200:"Selected Bibliography of The Quasi-War with France"
1452:
835:
into the Pacific to protect U.S. merchantmen in the
464:
The replacement of the French First Republic by the
5943:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
3033:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
1971:. Knoxville, Tenn.: University of Tennessee Press.
1440:
1333:
1309:
1273:
222:Maximum 9 frigates, 4 sloops, 2 brigs, 3 schooners
2128:
1995:
1964:
1843:"Quasi War — the Undeclared Naval War with France"
949:, a convoy of American merchant ships escorted by
808:and captured ten prizes. Preble turned command of
246:22 privateers, up to 2,000 merchant ships captured
1428:
820:after a nine-hour battle. In September 1800, the
7054:
4869:Frederick Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen
1464:
590:, main focus of operations during the Quasi-War
2911:Significant civil and political events by year
476:to authorize military action without a formal
6479:Letters of Mrs. Adams, the Wife of John Adams
6265:United States presidential election 1788–1789
6034:
2798:
2273:
2211:United States Army Center of Military History
2103:History of the U.S. Navy Volume One 1775–1941
654:confirmed the ability of the U.S. to conduct
272:
6525:Family home and John Quincy Adams birthplace
5964:
5923:
5899:
5880:
4864:Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick
1488:
1067:
851:
6433:Presidential transition of Thomas Jefferson
6215:Chairman of the Marine Committee, 1775-1779
3551:
2042:Hickey, Donald R. (2021). "The Quasi-War".
1805:Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships
935:. By 1 July, under the command of Decatur,
843:isolation. When operating in the Caribbean
6041:
6027:
5068:Alexandre-Théodore-Victor, comte de Lameth
2805:
2791:
2737:History of the Central Intelligence Agency
2722:Length of U.S. participation in major wars
2280:
2266:
2240:French Revolution: Revolutionary campaigns
2157:. Hoboken NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
1565:
1180:
279:
265:
40:
6459:Massachusetts Historical Society holdings
5333:Louis Michel le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau
4991:Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau
4814:Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany
2175:The Life and Character of Stephen Decatur
1874:
1790:
1700:The American Journal of International Law
1553:. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin.
1518:
1482:
787:with 26 guns, but most were far smaller.
6557:United First Parish Church and gravesite
6379:District of Columbia Organic Act of 1801
5765:
3049:Nationalization of the Church properties
2055:
1899:
1875:Stansbury, David B Lt Commander (1992).
1861:
1660:
1351:
1327:
1303:
1255:
1219:
1195:
855:
669:
582:
5994:Historiography of the French Revolution
5265:Antoine Christophe Merlin de Thionville
4976:Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette
2086:. Annapolis: US Naval Institute Press.
1993:
1697:
1640:
1584:
1291:
1231:
536:, there was little support for this in
449:Spending cuts following the end of the
14:
7055:
6542:Massachusetts Hall, Harvard University
5001:Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord
4956:Other significant figures and factions
2081:
2041:
1962:
1826:. University of South Carolina Press.
1821:
1802:
1677:
1506:
1458:
1446:
1279:
1267:
956:fought off an attack by French-allied
860:A 20th-century illustration depicting
741:, and four merchantmen converted into
665:
6022:
5869:
5764:
5048:François-Marie, marquis de Barthélemy
4954:
4804:James Saumarez, 1st Baron de Saumarez
4743:Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
4701:Friedrich Adolf, Count von Kalckreuth
4304:
3550:
3181:Paris Commune becomes insurrectionary
2909:
2812:
2786:
2261:
2149:
2023:. Carey Lea & Blanchard. p.
1918:
1687:The Northern Mariner/Le Marin du Nord
1649:
1621:
1546:
1434:
1375:
1363:
1339:
1315:
1243:
1207:
528:. Despite popular enthusiasm for the
260:
6313:United States Department of the Navy
6239:Constitution of Massachusetts (1780)
5202:Louis Marie de La Révellière-Lépeaux
4614:Claude Victor-Perrin, Duc de Belluno
4305:
3401:Insurrection of 12 Germinal Year III
2717:Timeline of U.S. military operations
2126:
2100:
2072:
1840:
1753:
1530:
1470:
615:United States Revenue Cutter Service
512:in return for French support in the
472:, which ended the war. The right of
249:368 killed or wounded, 517 captured
6352:Sick and Disabled Seamen Relief Act
6084:U.S. Minister to the United Kingdom
6076:Vice President of the United States
5870:
4809:Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth
2178:. Hartford, Conn.: P. B. Goodsell.
1140:, versus only five declared ie the
679:United States Secretary of the Navy
438:. Then engaged in the 1792 to 1797
24:
5999:Influence of the French Revolution
5989:Symbolism in the French Revolution
4753:Prince Heinrich XV of Reuss-Plauen
4714:Charles Eugene, Prince of Lambesc
2969:Convocation of the Estates General
2105:. Harrisburg PA: Stackpole Books.
1956:
1656:(PhD). University of North Dakota.
1626:. University of California Press.
652:Supreme Court of the United States
25:
7149:
7103:18th century in the United States
6792:"Adams and Liberty" campaign song
6662:Adams House at Harvard University
5641:Guillaume-Chrétien de Malesherbes
5373:Antoine Quentin Fouquier-Tinville
4675:Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen
4457:François Christophe de Kellermann
3696:Battle of Peyrestortes (Pyrenees)
2474:American–Algerian War (1785–1795)
2193:
548:owners feared the example set by
7138:Wars involving the United States
7036:
7035:
6413:State of the Union Address (1797
6092:U.S. Minister to the Netherlands
5368:Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai
5275:Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours
5245:Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot
5136:Jean-Marie Roland de la Platière
4914:
4879:
4849:
4824:
4781:
4655:
4532:Édouard Mortier, Duke of Trévise
4313:
3085:Civil Constitution of the Clergy
1098:List of wars between democracies
922:On 9 February 1799, the frigate
919:was recaptured on 28 June 1799.
532:, especially among anti-British
129:
116:
5706:Jean-Jacques Duval d'Eprémesnil
5453:Jacques-Nicolas Billaud-Varenne
5378:Philippe-François-Joseph Le Bas
4589:Jean-Mathieu-Philibert Sérurier
4584:Barthélemy Louis Joseph Schérer
4564:Catherine-Dominique de Pérignon
4392:Adam Philippe, Comte de Custine
3310:Marie Antoinette is guillotined
2044:The Journal of Military History
1849:. R.Squared Communications, LLC
1419:
1407:
1381:
1056:captured the French privateers
985:led a naval expedition against
413:East Coast of the United States
80:East Coast of the United States
65:7 July 1798 – 30 September 1800
6834:American Philosophical Society
6547:Presidents House, Philadelphia
6515:Adams National Historical Park
6464:Adams Papers Editorial Project
6443:Federal judiciary appointments
6227:Staten Island Peace Conference
6065:President of the United States
6048:
5979:Women in the French Revolution
5581:Louis Antoine, Duke of Enghien
4758:Johann Mészáros von Szoboszló
4422:Pierre Marie Barthélemy Ferino
4051:French invasion of Switzerland
2752:List of anti-war organizations
1822:Palmer, Samuel Putnam (1989).
1803:Mooney, James L., ed. (1983).
1413:The United States Coast Guard
1130:
1115:
399:from 1798 to 1800 between the
13:
1:
6138:Braintree Instructions (1765)
5984:Incroyables and merveilleuses
5803:Pierre Claude François Daunou
5591:Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé
4722:Maximilian Baillet de Latour
4693:Friedrich Freiherr von Hotze
3990:Naval Engagement off Brittany
3743:Battle of Villers-en-Cauchies
3717:Battle of Truillas (Pyrenees)
3526:Constitution of the Year VIII
3261:Committee of General Security
3146:National Legislative Assembly
3001:National Constituent Assembly
2664:War against the Islamic State
2172:Waldo, Samuel Putnam (1821).
2082:Leiner, Frederick C. (1999).
2002:. Philadelphia: Basic Books.
1921:Journal of the Early Republic
1841:Rust, Randal (24 July 2023).
1756:The Journal of Modern History
1735:Knox, Dudley W., ed. (1939).
1663:"America's First Limited War"
1587:Journal of the Early Republic
1167:
550:France's abolition of slavery
495:
286:
241:
6840:Gazette of the United States
6198:Treaty of Amity and Commerce
5902:Liberté, égalité, fraternité
5696:Charles Alexandre de Calonne
5586:Louis Henri, Prince of Condé
5483:Jean Baptiste Noël Bouchotte
5383:Marc-Guillaume Alexis Vadier
5073:Charles Malo François Lameth
4748:Peter Vitus von Quosdanovich
4579:Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr
4522:Bon-Adrien Jeannot de Moncey
3722:Second Battle of Wissembourg
3409:Constitution of the Year III
1963:Bowman, Albert Hall (1974).
1798:. C. C. Little and J. Brown.
1792:Mackenzie, Alexander Slidell
1661:Fehlings, Gregory E (2000).
1566:Clodfelter, Micheal (2002).
1547:Allen, Gardner Weld (1909).
1108:
885:. On 20 November, a pair of
468:in November 1799 led to the
415:, with minor actions in the
7:
6667:Mount Adams (New Hampshire,
6599:Jefferson Memorial pediment
6176:Declaration of Independence
6104:Second Continental Congress
5798:Charles-Augustin de Coulomb
5423:Antoine Christophe Saliceti
5358:Jean-Marie Collot d'Herbois
5318:Louis Antoine de Saint-Just
5197:Jean-Baptiste Robert Lindet
5182:Jérôme Pétion de Villeneuve
5177:Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud
4986:Isaac René Guy le Chapelier
4839:William V, Prince of Orange
3709:First Battle of Wissembourg
3666:(21 Dec 1792 - 25 May 1793)
3382:Closing of the Jacobin Club
3251:(27 Jun 1793 – 27 Jul 1794)
3208:(20 Sep 1792 – 26 Oct 1795)
3068:Abolition of the Parlements
3041:Women's March on Versailles
2016:
1994:Daughan, George C. (2008).
1877:"The Quasi-War with France"
1641:DeConde, Alexander (1966).
1091:
645:. On 7 July 1798, Congress
480:was later confirmed by the
10:
7154:
6345:Naturalization Act of 1798
6323:United States Marine Corps
6116:First Continental Congress
5933:French Republican calendar
5488:Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Gobel
5113:Bertrand Barère de Vieuzac
4467:Pierre Choderlos de Laclos
4417:Charles François Dumouriez
4407:Jacques François Dugommier
4221:League of Armed Neutrality
4054:(28 January – 17 May 1798)
4006:Battle of the Bay of Cádiz
3829:(22 Nov 1794 - 7 Jun 1795)
3808:(22 Nov 1794 - 7 Jun 1795)
3472:Second Congress of Rastatt
3256:Committee of Public Safety
3243:(9 Mar 1793 – 31 May 1795)
2654:War in North-West Pakistan
2504:Second Sumatran expedition
2469:American Revolutionary War
2171:
2135:. New York: W. W. Norton.
1900:Williams, Greg H. (2009).
1678:Hickey, Donald R. (2008).
1645:. Charles Scribner's Sons.
1540:
931:the French Navy's frigate
911:, commanded by Lieutenant
864:escorting French prisoners
804:, made two cruises to the
526:War of the First Coalition
514:American Revolutionary War
508:had agreed to protect the
451:American Revolutionary War
440:War of the First Coalition
428:American Revolutionary War
7093:1800 in the United States
7083:1799 in the United States
7073:1798 in the United States
7009:
6873:
6784:
6731:(1997 documentary series)
6683:
6565:
6500:
6451:
6288:
6257:
6171:Lee Resolution (seconded)
6126:
6056:
5948:Cult of the Supreme Being
5876:
5865:
5771:
5760:
5719:
5553:
5546:
5431:
5288:
5210:
5121:
5108:Pierre Paul Royer-Collard
5014:
4963:Patriotic Society of 1789
4961:
4950:
4912:
4877:
4847:
4822:
4779:
4766:Karl Philipp Sebottendorf
4688:Karl Aloys zu Fürstenberg
4653:
4644:
4622:
4327:
4311:
4300:
4269:
4232:
4205:Convention of Alessandria
4187:
4094:
4041:
3972:
3842:
3816:
3733:
3630:
3557:
3546:
3502:
3491:Law of 22 Floréal Year VI
3483:
3456:
3393:
3329:
3224:
3157:
3106:
3060:
2952:What Is the Third Estate?
2943:
2916:
2905:
2820:
2699:
2499:First Sumatran expedition
2461:
2300:
2293:
2215:U.S. Department of State
2073:Kohn, Richard H. (1975).
1734:
1550:Our Naval War With France
1494:
1103:Franco-American relations
1068:Conclusion of hostilities
852:Significant naval actions
831:, which he sailed around
647:approved the use of force
580:from arming themselves.
559:and establishment of the
502:Treaty of Alliance (1778)
430:, and in 1794 signed the
296:
235:
216:
142:
109:
57:
39:
34:
7123:Presidency of John Adams
6510:Early life and education
5656:Gui-Jean-Baptiste Target
5621:Joséphine de Beauharnais
5503:Stanislas-Marie Maillard
5473:François-Nicolas Vincent
5458:Pierre Gaspard Chaumette
4632:Charles-Alexandre Linois
4527:Jean Victor Marie Moreau
4507:François Séverin Marceau
4487:François Joseph Lefebvre
4382:Jean-Étienne Championnet
4357:Louis-Alexandre Berthier
4352:Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte
4347:Alexandre de Beauharnais
4337:Eustache Charles d'Aoust
4059:French Invasion of Egypt
3937:Second Battle of Bassano
3671:Battle of Kaiserslautern
3445:Conspiracy of the Equals
3138:The Constitution of 1791
3009:Storming of the Bastille
2453:2021 U.S. Capitol attack
2413:Battle of Blair Mountain
1904:. McFarland Publishers.
1847:American History Central
1667:Naval War College Review
1650:Eclov, Jon Paul (2013).
1622:Combs, Jerald A (1992).
904:, captured the schooner
524:during the 1792 to 1797
329:Action of 1 January 1800
6797:Adams' personal library
6760:(2006 documentary film)
6384:Navy Department Library
6374:Slave Trade Act of 1800
6357:Marine Hospital Service
6340:Alien and Sedition Acts
6335:Mississippi Organic Act
6318:Commerce Protection Act
6148:Continental Association
6143:Boston Massacre defense
5636:Jacques-Donatien Le Ray
5508:Charles-Philippe Ronsin
5468:Antoine-François Momoro
5463:Charles-Philippe Ronsin
5280:François de Neufchâteau
5230:Charles-François Lebrun
5172:Jean Baptiste Treilhard
5053:Guillaume-Mathieu Dumas
4929:Luis Firmin de Carvajal
4735:Rudolf Ritter von Otto
4730:Karl Mack von Leiberich
4362:Jean-Baptiste Bessières
4176:Second Battle of Zurich
4067:Irish Rebellion of 1798
3913:First Battle of Bassano
3751:Second Battle of Boulou
3552:Revolutionary campaigns
3510:Coup of 30 Prairial VII
3425:Council of Five Hundred
3213:First republic declared
3149:(1 Oct 1791 – Sep 1792)
3130:Declaration of Pillnitz
2854:Constitutional monarchy
2712:Wars involving the U.S.
2549:Philippine–American War
2433:1960s ghetto rebellions
2234:Irish Rebellion of 1798
2056:Jennings, John (1966).
2017:Harris, Thomas (1837).
7098:18th century in France
6802:American Enlightenment
6758:John and Abigail Adams
6739:(2002 animated series)
6364:Bankruptcy Act of 1800
6164:Thoughts on Government
5965:
5924:
5900:
5881:
5393:Prieur de la Côte-d'Or
5388:Jean-Pierre-André Amar
5298:Maximilien Robespierre
5131:Jacques Pierre Brissot
4996:Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès
4427:Louis-Charles de Flers
4412:Thomas-Alexandre Dumas
4377:Jean François Carteaux
4152:First Battle of Zurich
4115:(20 Mar – 21 May 1799)
4070:(23 May – 23 Sep 1798)
4030:Treaty of Campo Formio
3776:Glorious First of June
3704:(18 Sep – 18 Dec 1793)
3663:Expedition to Sardinia
3341:Desmoulins guillotined
3276:Assassination of Marat
3268:Fall of the Girondists
3240:Revolutionary Tribunal
3232:Execution of Louis XVI
3122:Champ de Mars massacre
3025:Abolition of Feudalism
2757:Conscientious objector
2659:First Libyan Civil War
2529:Second Fiji expedition
2509:Ivory Coast expedition
2443:1992 Los Angeles riots
2403:Colorado Coalfield War
2295:Listed chronologically
2119:Nash, Howard Pervear.
1864:The Independent Review
1570:. McFarland & Co.
1415:The Coast Guard at War
1125:
883:Egg Harbor, New Jersey
865:
849:
681:
591:
566:Neutrality Act of 1794
557:execution of Louis XVI
244:160 killed or wounded
228:, up to 365 privateers
143:Commanders and leaders
50:in combat with French
7133:Wars involving France
6925:Thomas Boylston Adams
6594:John Adams Courthouse
6520:John Adams Birthplace
6303:Quasi War with France
6244:Treaty of Paris, 1783
5838:Jean-Jacques Rousseau
5103:Jean-Charles Pichegru
5083:Jean-François Rewbell
4569:Jean-Charles Pichegru
4452:Jean-Baptiste Jourdan
4442:Jacques Maurice Hatry
4213:Battle of Hohenlinden
4086:(12 Oct – 5 Dec 1798)
3921:Battle of Emmendingen
3868:Battle of Castiglione
3755:(30 Apr – 1 May 1794)
3686:Battle of Hondschoote
3357:Thermidorian Reaction
3321:(throughout the year)
3094:Fête de la Fédération
3020:(20 Jul – 5 Aug 1789)
3004:(9 Jul – 30 Sep 1791)
2988:(17 Jun – 9 Jul 1790)
2727:Territorial evolution
2707:Conflicts in the U.S.
2629:Intervention in Haiti
2519:First Fiji expedition
2127:Toll, Ian W. (2006).
2101:Love, Robert (1992).
2060:. Thomas Y. Crowell.
1933:10.1353/jer.2011.0040
862:United States Marines
859:
845:
673:
643:Secretary of the Navy
586:
561:French First Republic
540:. Neutrality allowed
405:French First Republic
236:Casualties and losses
137:French First Republic
6721:The Adams Chronicles
6153:Petition to the King
5766:Influential thinkers
5513:Jean-François Varlet
5413:Jean-Lambert Tallien
5408:Jean Bon Saint-André
5235:Pierre-Joseph Cambon
5157:Marquis de Condorcet
5006:Nicolas de Condorcet
4771:Dagobert von Wurmser
4604:Louis-Gabriel Suchet
4547:Pierre-Jacques Osten
4462:Jean-Baptiste Kléber
4397:Louis-Nicolas Davout
4387:Chapuis de Tourville
3929:Battle of Schliengen
3876:Battle of Theiningen
3797:Battle of Aldenhoven
3681:Battle of Wattignies
3650:Battle of Neerwinden
3464:Coup of 18 Fructidor
2977:Death of the Dauphin
2589:Bay of Pigs Invasion
2544:Spanish–American War
2514:Mexican–American War
2438:Kent State shootings
2428:Puerto Rican revolts
2358:American Indian Wars
2250:Peasants' War (1798)
1150:Spanish–American War
1146:Mexican–American War
713:, plus the frigates
576:forbidding American
7015:← George Washington
6898:Abigail Adams Smith
6853:American Revolution
6847:The American Museum
6692:Profiles in Courage
6604:U.S. Postage stamps
6589:John Adams Building
6399:Midnight Judges Act
6369:Indiana Organic Act
5853:Mary Wollstonecraft
5631:Jean Sylvain Bailly
5418:Pierre Louis Prieur
5363:Jean-Henri Voulland
5338:Jacques-Louis David
5270:Jean Joseph Mounier
4971:Jean Sylvain Bailly
4609:Belgrand de Vaubois
4497:Jean-Antoine Marbot
4437:Emmanuel de Grouchy
4242:Treaty of Lunéville
3881:Battle of Neresheim
3826:Siege of Luxembourg
3805:Siege of Luxembourg
3760:Battle of Tourcoing
3691:Siege of Bellegarde
3518:Coup of 18 Brumaire
3430:Council of Ancients
3205:National Convention
3197:September Massacres
3173:Brunswick Manifesto
3165:France declares war
2932:Assembly of Vizille
2604:Invasion of Grenada
2599:Dominican Civil War
2205:8 June 2010 at the
1533:, pp. 305–333.
1389:"USRCS Lost at Sea"
1330:, pp. 101–102.
1234:, pp. 279–283.
1222:, pp. 106–107.
1210:, pp. 436–466.
1183:, pp. 136–137.
971:the French frigate
875:on 7 July 1798 by
666:Forces and strategy
546:Southern plantation
351:Puerto Plata Harbor
82:, minor actions in
7029:Thomas Jefferson →
7022:Thomas Jefferson →
6822:First Party System
6700:American Primitive
6405:Marbury v. Madison
6328:Convention of 1800
6203:Treaty of Alliance
5691:Loménie de Brienne
5666:Madame de Lamballe
5601:Napoléon Bonaparte
5398:Prieur de la Marne
5313:Camille Desmoulins
5167:Marie Jean Hérault
5043:Jean-Sifrein Maury
5038:Arnaud de La Porte
4894:Alexander Korsakov
4680:Count of Clerfayt
4599:Jean-de-Dieu Soult
4512:Auguste de Marmont
4367:Napoléon Bonaparte
4258:Algeciras campaign
4250:Treaty of Florence
4128:Battle of Stockach
3961:Ireland expedition
3945:Battle of Calliano
3905:Battle of Rovereto
3897:Battle of Würzburg
3349:Law of 22 Prairial
3318:Anti-clerical laws
3293:The Death of Marat
3114:Flight to Varennes
2644:War in Afghanistan
2614:Invasion of Panama
2609:Lebanese Civil War
2534:Formosa Expedition
2494:Second Barbary War
2448:2020 racial unrest
2383:Johnson County War
2378:Lincoln County War
2353:American Civil War
2348:Harpers Ferry raid
2323:Turner's Rebellion
1599:10.1353/jer.0.0004
1078:Convention of 1800
913:William Bainbridge
866:
690:six large frigates
682:
611:United States Navy
592:
568:, while President
510:French West Indies
478:declaration of war
470:Convention of 1800
455:United States Navy
224:5,700 sailors and
188:Napoléon Bonaparte
172:William Bainbridge
100:Convention of 1800
7118:Conflicts in 1800
7113:Conflicts in 1799
7108:Conflicts in 1798
7050:
7049:
6937:Charles Adams Sr.
6904:John Quincy Adams
6776:(2024 miniseries)
6768:(2015 miniseries)
6723:(1976 miniseries)
6578:List of memorials
6394:Treaty of Tripoli
6389:Treaty of Tellico
6186:Committee of Five
6016:
6015:
6012:
6011:
5890:Cockade of France
5861:
5860:
5823:Antoine Lavoisier
5813:Benjamin Franklin
5793:Anacharsis Cloots
5756:
5755:
5752:
5751:
5676:Louis de Breteuil
5518:Theophile Leclerc
4946:
4945:
4942:
4941:
4899:Alexander Suvorov
4640:
4639:
4574:Józef Poniatowski
4492:Étienne Macdonald
4296:
4295:
4197:Battle of Marengo
4160:Battle of Trebbia
4144:Battle of Cassano
4136:Battle of Magnano
4120:Battle of Ostrach
4022:Battle of Neuwied
3784:Battle of Fleurus
3768:Battle of Tournay
3645:War in the Vendée
3581:Royalist Revolts
3542:
3541:
3099:
3075:Abolition of the
2993:Tennis Court Oath
2985:National Assembly
2814:French Revolution
2780:
2779:
2742:Casualties of war
2574:Russian Civil War
2539:Korean Expedition
2484:First Barbary War
2363:Brooks–Baxter War
2318:Fries's Rebellion
2313:Whiskey Rebellion
2256:
2255:
2246:Succeeded by
2164:978-0-471-65113-0
2142:978-0-393-05847-5
2123:(AS Barnes, 1968)
2112:978-0-8117-1862-2
2093:978-1-55750-508-8
2009:978-0-465-01607-5
1814:978-0-16-002030-8
1509:, pp. 67–77.
1378:, pp. 71–72.
1246:, pp. 23–24.
977:off the coast of
964:. On 1 February,
686:ships of the line
675:Benjamin Stoddert
639:Benjamin Stoddert
570:George Washington
530:French Revolution
421:Mediterranean Sea
388:
387:
255:
254:
198:Edme Desfourneaux
157:Benjamin Stoddert
105:
104:
88:Mediterranean Sea
16:(Redirected from
7145:
7039:
7038:
6973:Susanna Boylston
6963:(great-grandson)
6957:(great-grandson)
6951:(great-grandson)
6863:Founding Fathers
6812:Federalist Party
6752:2008 miniseries)
6232:Conference House
6220:Continental Navy
6119:
6107:
6095:
6087:
6079:
6068:
6043:
6036:
6029:
6020:
6019:
5970:
5958:Temple of Reason
5929:
5905:
5886:
5867:
5866:
5818:Thomas Jefferson
5762:
5761:
5681:de Chateaubriand
5611:Joseph Bonaparte
5606:Lucien Bonaparte
5596:Marie Antoinette
5551:
5550:
5538:Sylvain Maréchal
5493:François Hanriot
5328:Louis Philippe I
5255:Louis Philippe I
5250:Philippe Égalité
5192:Olympe de Gouges
5162:Charlotte Corday
5152:Étienne Clavière
4952:
4951:
4934:Antonio Ricardos
4919:
4918:
4904:Andrei Rosenberg
4884:
4883:
4854:
4853:
4829:
4828:
4799:Ralph Abercromby
4786:
4785:
4761:
4738:
4725:
4717:
4709:
4696:
4683:
4660:
4659:
4651:
4650:
4555:
4502:Marcellin Marbot
4325:
4324:
4318:
4317:
4306:Military leaders
4302:
4301:
4289:
4281:
4277:Treaty of Amiens
4262:
4254:
4246:
4225:
4217:
4209:
4201:
4180:
4179:(25–26 Sep 1799)
4172:
4164:
4163:(17–20 Jun 1799)
4156:
4148:
4147:(27–28 Apr 1799)
4140:
4132:
4124:
4123:(20–21 Mar 1799)
4116:
4108:
4104:Second Coalition
4087:
4079:
4071:
4063:
4055:
4034:
4026:
4018:
4014:Treaty of Leoben
4010:
4002:
4001:(14–15 Jan 1797)
3998:Battle of Rivoli
3994:
3986:
3982:Italian campaign
3965:
3957:
3956:(15–17 Nov 1796)
3953:Battle of Arcole
3949:
3941:
3933:
3925:
3917:
3909:
3901:
3893:
3889:Battle of Amberg
3885:
3872:
3864:
3860:Battle of Lonato
3856:
3852:Italian campaign
3830:
3809:
3801:
3788:
3780:
3772:
3764:
3756:
3747:
3726:
3725:(26–27 Dec 1793)
3713:
3705:
3667:
3659:
3655:Battle of Famars
3623:
3548:
3547:
3530:
3522:
3514:
3495:
3476:
3468:
3449:
3441:
3421:
3413:
3405:
3386:
3378:
3370:
3361:
3353:
3345:
3322:
3314:
3306:
3298:
3288:
3280:
3272:
3252:
3244:
3236:
3217:
3209:
3201:
3193:
3185:
3177:
3169:
3150:
3142:
3134:
3126:
3118:
3117:(20–21 Jun 1791)
3097:
3089:
3081:
3072:
3053:
3045:
3037:
3029:
3021:
3013:
3005:
2997:
2989:
2981:
2973:
2965:
2957:
2936:
2928:
2924:Day of the Tiles
2907:
2906:
2807:
2800:
2793:
2784:
2783:
2732:Military history
2691:Yemeni civil war
2624:Somali Civil War
2524:Second Opium War
2393:Homestead strike
2308:Shays' Rebellion
2282:
2275:
2268:
2259:
2258:
2230:Preceded by
2227:
2226:
2209:compiled by the
2189:
2168:
2146:
2134:
2116:
2097:
2078:
2069:
2051:
2038:
2013:
2001:
1990:
1970:
1952:
1915:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1871:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1837:
1818:
1799:
1787:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1731:
1694:
1684:
1674:
1657:
1646:
1637:
1618:
1581:
1562:
1534:
1528:
1522:
1516:
1510:
1504:
1498:
1492:
1486:
1480:
1474:
1468:
1462:
1456:
1450:
1444:
1438:
1432:
1426:
1425:Love 1992, p. 68
1423:
1417:
1411:
1405:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1391:. Archived from
1385:
1379:
1373:
1367:
1366:, pp. 8–10.
1361:
1355:
1349:
1343:
1337:
1331:
1325:
1319:
1313:
1307:
1301:
1295:
1289:
1283:
1277:
1271:
1265:
1259:
1253:
1247:
1241:
1235:
1229:
1223:
1217:
1211:
1205:
1199:
1193:
1184:
1178:
1161:
1134:
1128:
1119:
995:occupied Curaçao
969:severely damaged
960:privateers near
817:
620:French Directory
490:Persian Gulf War
291:
281:
274:
267:
258:
257:
243:
135:
133:
132:
122:
120:
119:
59:
58:
44:
32:
31:
21:
7153:
7152:
7148:
7147:
7146:
7144:
7143:
7142:
7053:
7052:
7051:
7046:
7005:
6995:daughter-in-law
6987:(second cousin)
6931:George W. Adams
6869:
6780:
6766:Sons of Liberty
6684:Popular culture
6679:
6646:President Adams
6613:(1783 painting)
6610:Treaty of Paris
6561:
6502:
6496:
6485:Founders Online
6447:
6284:
6253:
6181:May 15 preamble
6158:United Colonies
6129:
6128:Founding of the
6122:
6110:
6098:
6090:
6082:
6071:
6060:
6052:
6047:
6017:
6008:
5883:La Marseillaise
5872:
5871:Cultural impact
5857:
5767:
5748:
5715:
5671:Madame du Barry
5661:Catherine Théot
5651:Thérésa Tallien
5542:
5533:Gracchus Babeuf
5478:François Chabot
5435:
5427:
5348:Georges Couthon
5343:Marquis de Sade
5308:Jean-Paul Marat
5284:
5240:Bertrand Barère
5206:
5117:
5098:Boissy d'Anglas
5093:Madame de Staël
5058:Antoine Barnave
5026:
5019:
5010:
4957:
4938:
4913:
4908:
4878:
4873:
4848:
4843:
4823:
4818:
4780:
4775:
4759:
4736:
4723:
4715:
4707:
4694:
4681:
4670:József Alvinczi
4654:
4636:
4618:
4559:Nicolas Oudinot
4549:
4482:Claude Lecourbe
4477:Charles Leclerc
4372:Guillaume Brune
4342:Pierre Augereau
4312:
4307:
4292:
4287:
4285:Treaty of Paris
4279:
4265:
4260:
4252:
4244:
4228:
4223:
4215:
4207:
4199:
4183:
4178:
4170:
4162:
4154:
4146:
4138:
4130:
4122:
4114:
4106:
4090:
4085:
4077:
4069:
4061:
4053:
4037:
4032:
4024:
4016:
4008:
4000:
3992:
3984:
3968:
3963:
3955:
3947:
3939:
3931:
3923:
3915:
3907:
3899:
3891:
3883:
3870:
3862:
3854:
3838:
3828:
3812:
3807:
3799:
3786:
3778:
3770:
3762:
3754:
3745:
3729:
3724:
3711:
3703:
3701:Siege of Toulon
3665:
3657:
3640:First Coalition
3626:
3617:
3553:
3538:
3528:
3520:
3512:
3498:
3493:
3479:
3474:
3466:
3452:
3447:
3439:
3419:
3411:
3403:
3389:
3384:
3376:
3368:
3359:
3351:
3343:
3325:
3320:
3312:
3304:
3302:Law of Suspects
3296:
3286:
3278:
3270:
3250:
3248:Reign of Terror
3242:
3234:
3220:
3215:
3207:
3199:
3191:
3183:
3175:
3167:
3153:
3148:
3140:
3132:
3124:
3116:
3102:
3087:
3079:
3070:
3056:
3051:
3043:
3035:
3028:(4–11 Aug 1789)
3027:
3019:
3011:
3003:
2995:
2987:
2979:
2971:
2963:
2961:Réveillon riots
2955:
2939:
2934:
2926:
2912:
2901:
2816:
2811:
2781:
2776:
2695:
2554:Boxer Rebellion
2457:
2338:Bleeding Kansas
2296:
2289:
2286:
2247:
2242:
2231:
2207:Wayback Machine
2196:
2186:
2165:
2143:
2113:
2094:
2035:
2010:
1979:
1959:
1957:Further reading
1912:
1890:
1888:
1852:
1850:
1834:
1815:
1744:
1742:
1712:10.2307/2189404
1682:
1634:
1578:
1543:
1538:
1537:
1529:
1525:
1517:
1513:
1505:
1501:
1493:
1489:
1481:
1477:
1469:
1465:
1457:
1453:
1445:
1441:
1433:
1429:
1424:
1420:
1412:
1408:
1398:
1396:
1395:on 28 July 2013
1387:
1386:
1382:
1374:
1370:
1362:
1358:
1350:
1346:
1338:
1334:
1326:
1322:
1314:
1310:
1302:
1298:
1290:
1286:
1278:
1274:
1266:
1262:
1254:
1250:
1242:
1238:
1230:
1226:
1218:
1214:
1206:
1202:
1194:
1187:
1181:Clodfelter 2002
1179:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1164:
1138:undeclared wars
1135:
1131:
1120:
1116:
1111:
1094:
1082:Napoleonic Wars
1070:
1027:On 25 October,
854:
818:Egypte Conquise
815:
800:, commanded by
739:Stephen Decatur
737:, commanded by
668:
656:undeclared wars
624:role d'equipage
574:executive order
498:
389:
384:
309:Capture of USS
292:
287:
285:
250:
245:
223:
212:
181:
177:Stephen Decatur
130:
128:
117:
115:
90:
45:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7151:
7141:
7140:
7135:
7130:
7125:
7120:
7115:
7110:
7105:
7100:
7095:
7090:
7088:1800 in France
7085:
7080:
7078:1799 in France
7075:
7070:
7068:1798 in France
7065:
7048:
7047:
7045:
7044:
7031:
7030:
7026:
7025:
7018:
7010:
7007:
7006:
7004:
7003:
7002:
7001:
6996:
6988:
6982:
6976:
6970:
6967:John Adams Sr.
6964:
6958:
6952:
6946:
6940:
6934:
6928:
6922:
6916:
6915:
6914:
6909:
6901:
6895:
6894:
6893:
6888:
6879:
6877:
6871:
6870:
6868:
6867:
6866:
6865:
6860:
6850:
6843:
6836:
6831:
6830:
6829:
6824:
6819:
6817:Federalist Era
6809:
6804:
6799:
6794:
6788:
6786:
6782:
6781:
6779:
6778:
6770:
6762:
6754:
6749:
6741:
6737:Liberty's Kids
6733:
6725:
6717:
6712:
6704:
6696:
6687:
6685:
6681:
6680:
6678:
6677:
6672:
6664:
6659:
6650:
6641:
6632:
6623:
6614:
6606:
6601:
6596:
6591:
6586:
6583:Adams Memorial
6580:
6575:
6569:
6567:
6563:
6562:
6560:
6559:
6554:
6549:
6544:
6539:
6538:
6537:
6532:
6527:
6522:
6512:
6506:
6504:
6498:
6497:
6495:
6494:
6487:
6482:
6475:
6468:
6467:
6466:
6455:
6453:
6452:Other writings
6449:
6448:
6446:
6445:
6440:
6435:
6430:
6425:
6420:
6415:
6410:
6409:
6408:
6396:
6391:
6386:
6381:
6376:
6371:
6366:
6361:
6360:
6359:
6349:
6348:
6347:
6337:
6332:
6331:
6330:
6325:
6320:
6315:
6310:
6300:
6294:
6292:
6286:
6285:
6283:
6282:
6277:
6272:
6267:
6261:
6259:
6255:
6254:
6252:
6251:
6246:
6241:
6236:
6235:
6234:
6224:
6223:
6222:
6212:
6207:
6206:
6205:
6200:
6190:
6189:
6188:
6183:
6173:
6168:
6160:
6155:
6150:
6145:
6140:
6134:
6132:
6124:
6123:
6121:
6120:
6108:
6096:
6088:
6080:
6069:
6057:
6054:
6053:
6046:
6045:
6038:
6031:
6023:
6014:
6013:
6010:
6009:
6007:
6006:
6001:
5996:
5991:
5986:
5981:
5976:
5971:
5962:
5961:
5960:
5953:Cult of Reason
5950:
5945:
5940:
5935:
5930:
5921:
5916:
5911:
5906:
5897:
5895:Flag of France
5892:
5887:
5877:
5874:
5873:
5863:
5862:
5859:
5858:
5856:
5855:
5850:
5845:
5840:
5835:
5830:
5825:
5820:
5815:
5810:
5805:
5800:
5795:
5790:
5785:
5780:
5772:
5769:
5768:
5758:
5757:
5754:
5753:
5750:
5749:
5747:
5746:
5741:
5740:
5739:
5734:
5723:
5721:
5717:
5716:
5714:
5713:
5708:
5703:
5701:Jacques Necker
5698:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5557:
5555:
5548:
5544:
5543:
5541:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5523:Claire Lacombe
5520:
5515:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5448:Jacques Hébert
5444:
5442:
5429:
5428:
5426:
5425:
5420:
5415:
5410:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5390:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5303:Georges Danton
5300:
5294:
5292:
5286:
5285:
5283:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5216:
5214:
5208:
5207:
5205:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5147:Henri Grégoire
5143:
5138:
5133:
5127:
5125:
5119:
5118:
5116:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5088:Camille Jordan
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5029:
5027:
5015:
5012:
5011:
5009:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4967:
4965:
4959:
4958:
4948:
4947:
4944:
4943:
4940:
4939:
4937:
4936:
4931:
4925:
4923:
4910:
4909:
4907:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4890:
4888:
4875:
4874:
4872:
4871:
4866:
4860:
4858:
4845:
4844:
4842:
4841:
4835:
4833:
4820:
4819:
4817:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4792:
4790:
4777:
4776:
4774:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4732:
4727:
4719:
4711:
4703:
4698:
4690:
4685:
4677:
4672:
4666:
4664:
4648:
4642:
4641:
4638:
4637:
4635:
4634:
4628:
4626:
4620:
4619:
4617:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4333:
4331:
4322:
4309:
4308:
4298:
4297:
4294:
4293:
4291:
4290:
4282:
4273:
4271:
4267:
4266:
4264:
4263:
4255:
4247:
4238:
4236:
4230:
4229:
4227:
4226:
4218:
4210:
4202:
4193:
4191:
4185:
4184:
4182:
4181:
4173:
4168:Battle of Novi
4165:
4157:
4155:(4–7 Jun 1799)
4149:
4141:
4133:
4125:
4117:
4109:
4100:
4098:
4092:
4091:
4089:
4088:
4080:
4072:
4064:
4056:
4047:
4045:
4039:
4038:
4036:
4035:
4027:
4019:
4011:
4003:
3995:
3987:
3978:
3976:
3970:
3969:
3967:
3966:
3958:
3950:
3948:(6–7 Nov 1796)
3942:
3934:
3926:
3918:
3910:
3902:
3894:
3886:
3878:
3873:
3865:
3863:(3–4 Aug 1796)
3857:
3848:
3846:
3840:
3839:
3837:
3836:
3834:Peace of Basel
3831:
3822:
3820:
3814:
3813:
3811:
3810:
3802:
3794:
3789:
3781:
3773:
3765:
3757:
3748:
3739:
3737:
3731:
3730:
3728:
3727:
3719:
3714:
3706:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3676:Siege of Mainz
3673:
3668:
3660:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3636:
3634:
3628:
3627:
3625:
3624:
3612:
3607:
3605:Siege of Mainz
3602:
3597:
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3592:
3587:
3579:
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3442:
3437:13 Vendémiaire
3434:
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3427:
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3406:
3397:
3395:
3391:
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3354:
3346:
3333:
3331:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3323:
3315:
3307:
3299:
3289:
3284:Levée en masse
3281:
3273:
3265:
3264:
3263:
3258:
3245:
3237:
3228:
3226:
3222:
3221:
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3210:
3202:
3194:
3189:10th of August
3186:
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3100:
3090:
3082:
3073:
3071:(Feb–Jul 1790)
3064:
3062:
3058:
3057:
3055:
3054:
3046:
3038:
3030:
3022:
3014:
3006:
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2802:
2795:
2787:
2778:
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2769:
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2754:
2749:
2747:Peace movement
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2703:
2701:
2697:
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2450:
2445:
2440:
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2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2398:Pullman Strike
2395:
2390:
2388:Coal Creek War
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2333:Dorr Rebellion
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2304:
2302:
2298:
2297:
2294:
2291:
2290:
2285:
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2277:
2270:
2262:
2254:
2253:
2244:
2237:
2225:
2224:
2219:
2213:
2195:
2194:External links
2192:
2191:
2190:
2184:
2169:
2163:
2147:
2141:
2124:
2117:
2111:
2098:
2092:
2079:
2070:
2053:
2039:
2033:
2014:
2008:
1991:
1977:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1953:
1927:(3): 435–466.
1916:
1910:
1897:
1872:
1859:
1838:
1832:
1819:
1813:
1800:
1788:
1768:10.1086/236487
1762:(3): 305–333.
1751:
1732:
1706:(2): 279–309.
1695:
1675:
1658:
1647:
1638:
1633:978-0520015739
1632:
1619:
1593:(2): 183–214.
1582:
1577:978-0786412044
1576:
1563:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1523:
1519:Stansbury 1992
1511:
1499:
1487:
1483:Mackenzie 1846
1475:
1463:
1451:
1439:
1427:
1418:
1406:
1380:
1368:
1356:
1354:, p. 119.
1344:
1332:
1320:
1308:
1296:
1294:, p. 189.
1284:
1272:
1270:, p. 4-5.
1260:
1258:, p. 103.
1248:
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1200:
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1129:
1113:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1105:
1100:
1093:
1090:
1069:
1066:
989:in early May,
947:1 January 1800
853:
850:
792:revenue cutter
783:, a converted
717:General Greene
667:
664:
660:police actions
578:merchant ships
522:Dutch Republic
497:
494:
397:undeclared war
386:
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162:Thomas Truxtun
159:
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111:
107:
106:
103:
102:
98:Inconclusive,
96:
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73:
71:
67:
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63:
55:
54:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
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6956:
6953:
6950:
6949:John Q. Adams
6947:
6944:
6943:John Adams II
6941:
6938:
6935:
6932:
6929:
6926:
6923:
6920:
6919:Charles Adams
6917:
6913:
6910:
6907:
6906:
6905:
6902:
6899:
6896:
6892:
6891:Quincy family
6889:
6886:
6885:
6884:
6883:Abigail Adams
6881:
6880:
6878:
6876:
6872:
6864:
6861:
6859:
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6854:
6851:
6849:
6848:
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6841:
6837:
6835:
6832:
6828:
6827:republicanism
6825:
6823:
6820:
6818:
6815:
6814:
6813:
6810:
6808:
6807:Congress Hall
6805:
6803:
6800:
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6789:
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6738:
6734:
6732:
6730:
6726:
6724:
6722:
6718:
6716:
6713:
6711:
6710:(1969 musical
6709:
6705:
6703:
6701:
6697:
6695:
6694:(1964 series)
6693:
6689:
6688:
6686:
6682:
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6535:Stone Library
6533:
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6521:
6518:
6517:
6516:
6513:
6511:
6508:
6507:
6505:
6499:
6493:
6492:
6491:Gray v. Pitts
6488:
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6476:
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6130:United States
6125:
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5990:
5987:
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5977:
5975:
5972:
5969:
5968:
5967:Sans-culottes
5963:
5959:
5956:
5955:
5954:
5951:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5938:Metric system
5936:
5934:
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5927:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5910:
5907:
5904:
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5742:
5738:
5737:Panthéon Club
5735:
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5725:
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5718:
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5709:
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5629:
5627:
5626:Joachim Murat
5624:
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5609:
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5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5403:Gilbert Romme
5401:
5399:
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5391:
5389:
5386:
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5309:
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5276:
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5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
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5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5225:de Cambacérès
5223:
5221:
5218:
5217:
5215:
5213:
5209:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
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5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5144:
5142:
5141:Madame Roland
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5128:
5126:
5124:
5120:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5078:André Chénier
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5033:Grace Elliott
5031:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5024:
5018:
5013:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
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4902:
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4772:
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4751:
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4710:
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4689:
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4684:
4678:
4676:
4673:
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4668:
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4663:
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4627:
4625:
4621:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4594:Joseph Souham
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
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4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4537:Joachim Murat
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4517:André Masséna
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
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4503:
4500:
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4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4334:
4332:
4330:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4316:
4310:
4303:
4299:
4288:(25 Jun 1802)
4286:
4283:
4280:(25 Mar 1802)
4278:
4275:
4274:
4272:
4268:
4259:
4256:
4253:(18 Mar 1801)
4251:
4248:
4243:
4240:
4239:
4237:
4235:
4231:
4222:
4219:
4214:
4211:
4208:(15 Jun 1800)
4206:
4203:
4200:(14 Jun 1800)
4198:
4195:
4194:
4192:
4190:
4186:
4177:
4174:
4171:(15 Aug 1799)
4169:
4166:
4161:
4158:
4153:
4150:
4145:
4142:
4137:
4134:
4131:(25 Mar 1799)
4129:
4126:
4121:
4118:
4113:
4112:Siege of Acre
4110:
4105:
4102:
4101:
4099:
4097:
4093:
4084:
4083:Peasants' War
4081:
4076:
4073:
4068:
4065:
4060:
4057:
4052:
4049:
4048:
4046:
4044:
4040:
4033:(17 Oct 1797)
4031:
4028:
4025:(18 Apr 1797)
4023:
4020:
4017:(17 Apr 1797)
4015:
4012:
4009:(25 Jan 1797)
4007:
4004:
3999:
3996:
3993:(13 Jan 1797)
3991:
3988:
3983:
3980:
3979:
3977:
3975:
3971:
3962:
3959:
3954:
3951:
3946:
3943:
3938:
3935:
3932:(26 Oct 1796)
3930:
3927:
3924:(19 Oct 1796)
3922:
3919:
3914:
3911:
3906:
3903:
3898:
3895:
3892:(24 Aug 1796)
3890:
3887:
3884:(11 Aug 1796)
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3869:
3866:
3861:
3858:
3853:
3850:
3849:
3847:
3845:
3841:
3835:
3832:
3827:
3824:
3823:
3821:
3819:
3815:
3806:
3803:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3787:(26 Jun 1794)
3785:
3782:
3777:
3774:
3771:(22 May 1794)
3769:
3766:
3763:(18 May 1794)
3761:
3758:
3752:
3749:
3746:(24 Apr 1794)
3744:
3741:
3740:
3738:
3736:
3732:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3712:(13 Oct 1793)
3710:
3707:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3664:
3661:
3658:(23 May 1793)
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3637:
3635:
3633:
3629:
3621:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3582:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3564:
3562:
3560:
3556:
3549:
3545:
3535:
3532:
3529:(24 Dec 1799)
3527:
3524:
3519:
3516:
3513:(18 Jun 1799)
3511:
3508:
3507:
3505:
3501:
3494:(11 May 1798)
3492:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3482:
3473:
3470:
3465:
3462:
3461:
3459:
3455:
3446:
3443:
3438:
3435:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3422:
3418:
3415:
3412:(22 Aug 1795)
3410:
3407:
3402:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3392:
3385:(11 Nov 1794)
3383:
3380:
3375:
3372:
3369:(28 Jul 1794)
3366:
3363:
3360:(27 Jul 1794)
3358:
3355:
3352:(10 Jun 1794)
3350:
3347:
3342:
3338:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3328:
3319:
3316:
3313:(16 Oct 1793)
3311:
3308:
3305:(17 Sep 1793)
3303:
3300:
3295:
3294:
3290:
3287:(23 Aug 1793)
3285:
3282:
3279:(13 Jul 1793)
3277:
3274:
3269:
3266:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3253:
3249:
3246:
3241:
3238:
3235:(21 Jan 1793)
3233:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3223:
3216:(22 Sep 1792)
3214:
3211:
3206:
3203:
3198:
3195:
3192:(10 Aug 1792)
3190:
3187:
3182:
3179:
3176:(25 Jul 1792)
3174:
3171:
3168:(20 Apr 1792)
3166:
3163:
3162:
3160:
3156:
3147:
3144:
3139:
3136:
3133:(27 Aug 1791)
3131:
3128:
3125:(17 Jul 1791)
3123:
3120:
3115:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3105:
3098:(14 Jul 1790)
3096:
3095:
3091:
3088:(12 Jul 1790)
3086:
3083:
3080:(23 Jun 1790)
3078:
3074:
3069:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3059:
3050:
3047:
3042:
3039:
3036:(26 Aug 1789)
3034:
3031:
3026:
3023:
3018:
3015:
3012:(14 Jul 1789)
3010:
3007:
3002:
2999:
2996:(20 Jun 1789)
2994:
2991:
2986:
2983:
2980:(4 June 1789)
2978:
2975:
2970:
2967:
2964:(28 Apr 1789)
2962:
2959:
2954:
2953:
2949:
2948:
2946:
2942:
2935:(21 Jul 1788)
2933:
2930:
2925:
2922:
2921:
2919:
2915:
2908:
2904:
2898:
2897:
2893:
2891:
2890:
2886:
2884:
2883:
2879:
2877:
2876:
2872:
2870:
2869:
2865:
2863:
2862:
2858:
2856:
2855:
2851:
2849:
2848:
2844:
2842:
2841:
2840:Ancien Régime
2837:
2835:
2834:
2830:
2828:
2827:
2823:
2822:
2819:
2815:
2808:
2803:
2801:
2796:
2794:
2789:
2788:
2785:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2767:War on terror
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2704:
2702:
2698:
2692:
2689:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2666:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2460:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2299:
2292:
2283:
2278:
2276:
2271:
2269:
2264:
2263:
2260:
2252:
2251:
2245:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2235:
2229:
2228:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2214:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2187:
2185:9780795013324
2181:
2177:
2176:
2170:
2166:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2151:Unger, Harlow
2148:
2144:
2138:
2133:
2132:
2125:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2108:
2104:
2099:
2095:
2089:
2085:
2080:
2076:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2045:
2040:
2036:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2021:
2015:
2011:
2005:
2000:
1999:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1974:
1969:
1968:
1961:
1960:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1917:
1913:
1911:9780786454075
1907:
1903:
1898:
1886:
1882:
1881:Naval History
1878:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1860:
1848:
1844:
1839:
1835:
1829:
1825:
1820:
1816:
1810:
1806:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1752:
1740:
1739:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1681:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1659:
1655:
1654:
1648:
1644:
1639:
1635:
1629:
1625:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1583:
1579:
1573:
1569:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1551:
1545:
1544:
1532:
1527:
1520:
1515:
1508:
1503:
1496:
1491:
1485:, p. 40.
1484:
1479:
1472:
1467:
1461:, p. 84.
1460:
1455:
1448:
1443:
1436:
1431:
1422:
1416:
1410:
1394:
1390:
1384:
1377:
1372:
1365:
1360:
1353:
1352:Sechrest 2007
1348:
1342:, p. 69.
1341:
1336:
1329:
1328:Fehlings 2000
1324:
1318:, p. 67.
1317:
1312:
1306:, p. 25.
1305:
1304:Williams 2009
1300:
1293:
1288:
1281:
1276:
1269:
1264:
1257:
1256:Sechrest 2007
1252:
1245:
1240:
1233:
1228:
1221:
1220:Fehlings 2000
1216:
1209:
1204:
1198:, p. 18.
1197:
1196:Fehlings 2000
1192:
1190:
1182:
1177:
1173:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1133:
1127:
1123:
1118:
1114:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1089:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1074:
1065:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1040:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1025:
1023:
1022:
1018:the corvette
1017:
1014:
1010:
1009:
1003:
1002:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
975:
970:
967:
966:Constellation
963:
959:
955:
954:
948:
943:
941:
940:
939:United States
934:
930:
927:
926:
925:Constellation
920:
918:
914:
910:
909:
903:
902:
897:
896:
891:
888:
884:
880:
879:
874:
873:
863:
858:
848:
844:
840:
838:
834:
830:
829:
823:
819:
811:
807:
803:
802:Edward Preble
799:
798:
793:
788:
786:
785:East Indiaman
782:
781:
775:
771:
766:
764:
759:
757:
756:
751:
750:
744:
740:
736:
735:
728:
726:
725:
719:
718:
712:
711:
705:
704:
698:
697:
691:
687:
680:
676:
672:
663:
661:
657:
653:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
627:
625:
621:
616:
612:
607:
605:
601:
597:
589:
585:
581:
579:
575:
571:
567:
562:
558:
553:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
534:Jeffersonians
531:
527:
523:
519:
518:Great Britain
515:
511:
507:
506:United States
503:
493:
491:
487:
483:
482:Supreme Court
479:
475:
471:
467:
462:
460:
456:
452:
447:
445:
441:
437:
436:Great Britain
433:
429:
424:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
401:United States
398:
394:
381:
380:
376:
371:
369:
368:
364:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
341:
337:
336:Constellation
332:
330:
327:
325:
324:
320:
319:Constellation
315:
313:
312:
307:
305:
304:
299:
298:
295:
290:
282:
277:
275:
270:
268:
263:
262:
259:
248:
240:
239:
234:
230:
227:
221:
220:
215:
209:
206:
204:
203:Victor Hugues
201:
199:
196:
194:
191:
189:
186:
185:
183:
178:
175:
173:
170:
168:
165:
163:
160:
158:
155:
153:
150:
149:
147:
146:
141:
138:
127:
125:
124:United States
114:
113:
108:
101:
97:
94:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
72:
69:
68:
64:
61:
60:
56:
53:
49:
48:Constellation
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
7034:
7020:
7013:
6991:Louisa Adams
6985:Samuel Adams
6961:Brooks Adams
6875:Adams family
6845:
6838:
6773:
6765:
6757:
6744:
6736:
6728:
6720:
6707:
6699:
6691:
6654:
6645:
6636:
6627:
6618:
6608:
6573:Bibliography
6489:
6477:
6470:
6403:
6302:
6298:Inauguration
6210:Board of War
6193:Model Treaty
6163:
5974:Phrygian cap
5919:Bastille Day
5833:Thomas Paine
5788:Edmund Burke
5783:Beaumarchais
5777:Les Lumières
5775:
5616:Joseph Fesch
5528:Pauline Léon
5498:Jacques Roux
5437:
5021:
4447:Lazare Hoche
4432:Paul Grenier
4402:Louis Desaix
4261:(8 Jul 1801)
4245:(9 Feb 1801)
4216:(3 Dec 1800)
4139:(5 Apr 1799)
4074:
3940:(6 Nov 1796)
3916:(8 Sep 1796)
3908:(4 Sep 1796)
3900:(3 Sep 1796)
3871:(5 Aug 1796)
3800:(2 Oct 1794)
3779:(1 Jun 1794)
3521:(9 Nov 1799)
3467:(4 Sep 1797)
3404:(1 Apr 1795)
3374:White Terror
3367:guillotined
3344:(5 Apr 1794)
3291:
3271:(2 Jun 1793)
3141:(3 Sep 1791)
3092:
3052:(2 Nov 1789)
3044:(5 Oct 1789)
2972:(5 May 1789)
2950:
2927:(7 Jun 1788)
2894:
2887:
2880:
2873:
2866:
2859:
2852:
2845:
2838:
2831:
2824:
2579:World War II
2478:
2373:Hamburg riot
2248:
2239:
2232:
2174:
2154:
2130:
2120:
2102:
2083:
2074:
2057:
2047:
2043:
2019:
1997:
1966:
1924:
1920:
1901:
1889:. Retrieved
1884:
1880:
1867:
1863:
1851:. Retrieved
1846:
1823:
1804:
1795:
1759:
1755:
1743:. Retrieved
1737:
1703:
1699:
1690:
1686:
1670:
1666:
1652:
1642:
1623:
1590:
1586:
1567:
1549:
1526:
1514:
1502:
1490:
1478:
1466:
1454:
1449:, p. x.
1442:
1430:
1421:
1409:
1397:. Retrieved
1393:the original
1383:
1371:
1359:
1347:
1335:
1323:
1311:
1299:
1292:Coleman 2008
1287:
1282:, p. 5.
1275:
1263:
1251:
1239:
1232:Hyneman 1930
1227:
1215:
1203:
1176:
1158:World War II
1132:
1126:Quasi-guerre
1117:
1075:
1071:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1041:
1030:
1026:
1020:
1012:
1007:
1000:
987:Puerto Plata
983:Silas Talbot
974:La Vengeance
973:
965:
952:
944:
938:
933:L'Insurgente
932:
924:
921:
916:
907:
900:
894:
877:
871:
867:
846:
841:
827:
821:
813:
809:
796:
789:
779:
767:
760:
754:
748:
734:Philadelphia
733:
729:
723:
716:
709:
702:
695:
683:
628:
623:
608:
600:prize courts
593:
554:
499:
463:
448:
425:
417:Indian Ocean
411:and off the
392:
390:
378:
374:
366:
362:
340:La Vengeance
339:
335:
323:L'Insurgente
322:
318:
310:
302:
288:
208:André Rigaud
167:Silas Talbot
110:Belligerents
84:Indian Ocean
51:
47:
29:
6979:Elihu Adams
6955:Henry Adams
6702:(1969 play)
6670:Washington)
6106:(1775–1778)
6094:(1782–1788)
6086:(1785–1788)
6078:(1789–1797)
6067:(1797–1801)
5843:Abbé Sieyès
5828:Montesquieu
5744:Social Club
5686:Jean Chouan
5576:Louis XVIII
5353:Roger Ducos
5323:Paul Barras
5290:Montagnards
5220:Abbé Sieyès
5023:monarchiens
4831:Netherlands
4760:(Hungarian)
4708:(Hungarian)
4624:French Navy
4550: [
4472:Jean Lannes
4329:French Army
4107:(1798–1802)
4078:(1798–1800)
4062:(1798–1801)
3792:Chouannerie
3753:(Pyrenees)
3618: [
3585:Chouannerie
3377:(Fall 1794)
3365:Robespierre
2634:Bosnian War
2594:Vietnam War
2569:World War I
2559:Banana Wars
2489:War of 1812
1745:12 November
1507:Hickey 2008
1459:Mooney 1983
1447:Palmer 1989
1280:Palmer 1989
1268:Palmer 1989
1154:World War I
1142:War of 1812
1086:War of 1812
1037:the French
979:Saint Kitts
917:Retaliation
908:Retaliation
872:La Croyable
870:Capture of
837:East Indies
806:West Indies
542:New England
486:Vietnam War
311:Retaliation
303:La Croyable
301:Capture of
193:Paul Barras
7057:Categories
6999:first lady
6945:(grandson)
6939:(grandson)
6933:(grandson)
6912:presidency
6900:(daughter)
6747:(2001 book
6745:John Adams
6715:1972 film)
6655:John Adams
6628:John Adams
6585:(proposed)
6530:Peacefield
6308:XYZ Affair
6290:Presidency
6050:John Adams
5732:Cordeliers
5646:Talleyrand
5571:Louis XVII
5433:Hébertists
5187:Jean Debry
5017:Feuillants
4646:Opposition
4542:Michel Ney
3964:(Dec 1796)
3572:Thionville
3475:(Dec 1797)
3448:(May 1796)
3440:5 Oct 1795
3417:Directoire
3297:(painting)
3200:(Sep 1792)
3184:(Jun 1792)
3017:Great Fear
2956:(Jan 1789)
2847:Revolution
2772:War crimes
2639:Kosovo War
2584:Korean War
2564:Border War
2423:Bonus Army
2418:Tulsa riot
2408:Red Summer
2328:Mormon War
2243:Quasi-War
2034:0945726589
1978:0870491520
1833:0872494993
1495:Knox, 1939
1435:Allen 1909
1399:9 November
1376:Eclov 2013
1364:Eclov 2013
1340:Eclov 2013
1316:Eclov 2013
1244:Combs 1992
1208:Young 2011
1168:References
1054:Experiment
1050:Enterprise
1031:Enterprise
1021:Le Berceau
962:Hispaniola
953:Experiment
901:Volontaire
895:Insurgente
774:Guadeloupe
763:Royal Navy
703:Chesapeake
641:the first
637:appointed
635:John Adams
631:XYZ Affair
604:Jay Treaty
596:privateers
572:issued an
500:Under the
496:Background
459:Royal Navy
444:privateers
432:Jay Treaty
375:Enterprise
152:John Adams
74:Primarily
52:Insurgente
7063:Quasi-War
6981:(brother)
6258:Elections
6249:Diplomacy
5566:Louis XVI
5561:Charles X
5212:The Plain
5123:Girondins
5063:Lafayette
4724:(Walloon)
4706:Pál Kray
4682:(Walloon)
4224:(1800–02)
4075:Quasi-War
3534:Consulate
3420:(1795–99)
2875:Consulate
2868:Directory
2479:Quasi-War
2368:Range War
1949:144349420
1784:144516482
1728:147162918
1615:143138929
1531:Lyon 1940
1471:Rust 2023
1109:Footnotes
1058:Deux Amis
1029:USS
1008:Merrimack
1006:USS
999:USS
997:in July,
991:capturing
951:USS
937:USS
906:USS
833:Cape Horn
826:USS
822:Pickering
810:Pickering
797:Pickering
795:USS
778:USS
747:USS
732:USS
722:USS
715:USS
710:President
708:USS
701:USS
694:USS
588:Caribbean
552:in 1794.
466:Consulate
409:Caribbean
393:Quasi-War
289:Quasi-War
76:Caribbean
35:Quasi-War
18:Quasi War
7041:Category
6975:(mother)
6969:(father)
6858:patriots
6774:Franklin
6729:Liberty!
6501:Life and
6112:Delegate
6100:Delegate
5926:Panthéon
5914:Muscadin
5909:Marianne
5848:Voltaire
5727:Jacobins
5720:Factions
5260:Mirabeau
4716:(French)
3610:Jemappes
3594:Dauphiné
3077:Nobility
2889:Journals
2882:Glossary
2861:Republic
2833:Timeline
2762:Cold War
2679:Cameroon
2649:Iraq War
2619:Gulf War
2343:Utah War
2301:Domestic
2203:Archived
2153:(2005).
2050:(April).
1941:41261631
1794:(1846).
1607:30043587
1092:See also
1046:Dominica
1042:Flambeau
1035:defeated
1016:captured
1001:Patapsco
929:captured
890:frigates
881:outside
878:Delaware
696:Congress
538:Congress
520:and the
488:and the
474:Congress
379:Flambeau
217:Strength
70:Location
6785:Related
6438:Cabinet
6114:to the
6102:to the
5808:Diderot
5554:Figures
5439:Enragés
5145:Father
4856:Prussia
4788:Britain
4737:(Saxon)
4695:(Swiss)
4662:Austria
2700:Related
2462:Foreign
2066:1291484
1776:1874761
1720:2189404
1559:1202325
1541:Sources
1497:, vol 1
958:Haitian
755:Berceau
395:was an
367:Berceau
356:Curaçao
231:Unknown
226:marines
6658:(1963)
6649:(1941)
6640:(1874)
6631:(1799)
6622:(1799)
6566:Legacy
6166:(1776)
6118:(1774)
5547:Others
4886:Russia
4320:France
3985:(1797)
3855:(1796)
3590:Vendée
3567:Verdun
3394:1795–6
3337:Danton
2896:Museum
2826:Causes
2182:
2161:
2139:
2109:
2090:
2064:
2031:
2006:
1987:793507
1985:
1975:
1947:
1939:
1908:
1891:7 July
1853:5 June
1830:
1811:
1782:
1774:
1726:
1718:
1693:(3–4).
1630:
1613:
1605:
1574:
1557:
1156:, and
1122:French
1013:Boston
887:French
780:Ganges
749:Boston
743:sloops
706:, and
684:Since
658:, or "
504:, the
363:Boston
346:Jacmel
134:
121:
95:Result
86:, and
6927:(son)
6921:(son)
6637:Adams
6619:Adams
6503:homes
6428:1800)
6004:Films
4921:Spain
4554:]
3622:]
3615:Namur
3600:Lille
3577:Valmy
2684:Libya
2674:Syria
1945:S2CID
1937:JSTOR
1780:S2CID
1772:JSTOR
1724:S2CID
1716:JSTOR
1691:XVIII
1683:(PDF)
1611:S2CID
1603:JSTOR
1062:Diane
1044:near
828:Essex
816:'
770:draft
724:Adams
434:with
6887:wife
6708:1776
6653:USS
6644:USS
6635:USS
6626:USS
6617:USS
6423:1799
6418:1798
6280:1800
6275:1796
6270:1792
5436:and
5020:and
4270:1802
4234:1801
4189:1800
4096:1799
4043:1798
3974:1797
3844:1796
3818:1795
3735:1794
3632:1793
3559:1792
3503:1799
3484:1798
3457:1797
3339:and
3330:1794
3225:1793
3158:1792
3107:1791
3061:1790
2944:1789
2917:1788
2669:Iraq
2180:ISBN
2159:ISBN
2137:ISBN
2107:ISBN
2088:ISBN
2062:OCLC
2029:ISBN
2004:ISBN
1983:OCLC
1973:ISBN
1906:ISBN
1893:2024
1870:(1).
1855:2024
1828:ISBN
1809:ISBN
1747:2018
1673:(3).
1628:ISBN
1572:ISBN
1555:OCLC
1401:2008
1060:and
1039:brig
1004:and
898:and
790:The
720:and
564:the
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419:and
403:and
391:The
373:USS
361:USS
334:USS
317:USS
78:and
62:Date
46:USS
6908:son
6073:1st
6062:2nd
4796:Sir
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1929:doi
1887:(3)
1868:XII
1764:doi
1760:XII
1708:doi
1595:doi
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662:".
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1943:.
1935:.
1925:31
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1879:.
1866:.
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1770:.
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1702:.
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1669:.
1665:.
1609:.
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